200px|thumb|right|A man carrying shovels A shovel is a tool for digging, lifting, and moving bulk materials, such as soil, coal, gravel, snow, sand, or ore. Shovels are extremely common tools that are used extensively in agriculture, construction, and gardening.

Most shovels are hand tools consisting of a broad blade with edges or sides that is fixed to a medium-length handle. Shovel blades are usually made of sheet steel or hard plastics and are very strong. Shovel handles are usually made of wood (especially specific varieties such as ash or maple) or glass-reinforced plastic (fibreglass).

Hand shovel blades made of sheet steel usually have a folded seam or hem at the back to make a socket for the handle. This fold also commonly provides extra rigidity to the blade. The handles are usually riveted in place. A T-piece is commonly fitted to the end of the handle to aid grip and control where the shovel is designed for moving soil and heavy materials. These designs can all be easily mass-produced.

The term ''shovel'' is also applied to larger excavating machines called power shovels, which are designed for the same purpose, namely, digging, lifting, and moving material. Modern power shovels are the descendants of steam shovels. Loaders and excavators (such as backhoes) perform very similar work, etically speaking, but they are not classified as shovels emically.

Hand shovels have been adapted for many different tasks and environments. They can be optimized for a single task or designed as cross-over or compromise multitaskers. Examples are given under "Types".

Types

toy shovel

class="unsortable"	Name (and synonyms if any) !! class="unsortable" >Description
File:Shovel black.jpg	150px	coal shovel	Typically has a wide, flat blade with steeply turned sides, a flat face and a short D-shaped handle. Over the years, various sizes for different kinds or grades of coal have sometimes been used.
File:Shovelling Snow, USAF.jpg	150px	snow shovel
	grain shovel barn shovel
	spoon shovel
	gardening trowel >
	roofing shovel
File:Spade.jpg	150px	spade			linguistic prescription>usage prescriptions prescribe that the words "spade" and "shovel" should be held in contradistinction (piercing and digging [spade] versus scooping and moving [shovel]). Natural language does not widely follow these prescriptions; it more often treats "spade" and "scoop" as contradistinguished subsets under "shovel".
File:Aa shovel01.jpg	150px	square shovel
	scoop
	shovel fireplace shovel >
File:Schep.JPG	150px	| Common plaything on sandy beaches, in sandboxes, or in yards, gardens, lawns, and fields.
File:Drain spade 002.png	150px	trenching shovel trenching spade drain spade
Image:USMC ETool.jpg	150px	entrenching tool

History

In neolithic times and earlier a large animal's scapula (shoulder blade) was often used as a crude shovel.

Manual shoveling (often in combination with picking) was the chief means of excavation in construction until mechanization via steam shovels and later hydraulic equipment (excavators such as backhoes and loaders) gradually replaced most manual shoveling. The same is also true of the history of mining and quarrying and of bulk materials handling in industries such as steelmaking and stevedoring. Railroad cars and cargo holds containing ore, coal, gravel, sand, or grains were often loaded and unloaded this way. These industries did not always rely ''exclusively'' on such work, but such work was a ubiquitous part of them. Until the 1950s, manual shoveling employed large numbers of workers. Groups of workers called labor gangs were assigned to whatever digging or bulk materials handling was needed in any given week, and dozens or hundreds of workers with hand shovels would do the kind of rapid excavating or materials handling that today is usually accomplished with powered excavators and loaders operated by a few skilled operators. Thus the cost of labor, even when each individual worker was poorly paid, was a tremendous expense of operations. Productivity of the business was tied mostly to labor productivity. It still often is even today; but in the past it was even more so. In industrial and commercial materials handling, hand shoveling was later replaced not only with loaders and backhoes (as in excavating) but also with electrically actuated equipment such as conveyors, augers, and elevators.

Given the central importance and cost of manual labour in industry in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the [applied] "science of shoveling" was something of great interest to developers of scientific management such as Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylor, with his focus on time and motion study, took an interest in differentiating the many motions of manual labor to a far greater degree than others tended to. Managers might not care to analyze it (figuring that brute work is brute work, case closed), and workers might not care to analyze it in any way that encouraged management to take away the prerogative in craft work for the craftsman to decide the details of his methods. Taylor realized that failing to analyze shoveling practice represented a missed opportunity to discover or synthesize best practices for shoveling, which could achieve highest productivity (value for dollar spent). It was Taylor and colleagues in the 1890s through 1910s that greatly expanded the existing idea of varied shovel designs with different-sized scoops, one for each material, based on the material's density. Under scientific management, it was no longer acceptable to use the same shovel for shoveling brown coal one day and gravel the next. Taylor advocated the higher capital cost of maintaining two shovels as more than paying for itself through the increase in worker productivity that it would lead to, which would mean less money being spent on wages for each unit of shoveling work accomplished. Unfortunately, despite Taylor's valid insights about the possibility for applying science to manual labour (including shoveling and the lifting and carrying of heavy objects) and his valid insights about the inequality of talents between individuals, he did not really respect the human dignity of all workers, and tended to be contemptuous of people with low intelligence.

The science of shoveling [that is, hand shoveling] has long since mostly faded out of commercial concern thanks to extensive mechanization, such as bulldozers and other equipment. Humans are once again mostly content to let one coal scoop handle various bulk materials of differing densities.

References

Bibliography

| ref = harv | postscript =. ''Also available from Project Gutenberg.''}}

Category:Snow removal Category:Mechanical hand tools Category:Gardening tools

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Coordinates	52°13′45″N20°14′19″N
name	Werner Herzog
birth name	Werner Herzog Stipetić
birth date	September 05, 1942
birth place	Munich, Germany
occupation	ActorDirectorScreenwriterProducer
years active	1962–present
spouse	Martje Grohmann(1967–1987)Christine Maria Ebenberger (1987–1994)Lena Herzog(1999–present)
website	http://www.wernerherzog.com }}

Werner Herzog Stipetić (; born 5 September 1942), known as Werner Herzog, is a German film director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and opera director.

He is often considered as one of the greatest figures of the New German Cinema, along with Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Margarethe von Trotta, Volker Schlöndorff, Werner Schröter, and Wim Wenders. His films often feature heroes with impossible dreams, people with unique talents in obscure fields, or individuals who find themselves in conflict with nature. French filmmaker François Truffaut once called Herzog "the most important film director alive."

Personal life

Herzog was born Werner Herzog Stipetić to Dietrich Herzog and Elizabeth Stipetić in Munich. His family moved to the remote Bavarian village of Sachrang (nestled in the Chiemgau Alps), after the house next to theirs was destroyed during the bombing at the close of World War II. When he was 12, he and his family moved back to Munich. His father had abandoned the family early in his youth. Werner would later drop his mother's surname for the German "Herzog".

The same year, Herzog was told to sing in front of his class at school and he adamantly refused. He was almost expelled for this and until the age of 18 listened to no music, sang no songs and studied no instruments. He later said that he would easily give 10 years from his life to be able to play an instrument. At 14, he was inspired by an encyclopedia entry about filmmaking which he says provided him with "everything I needed to get myself started" as a film-maker—that, and the 35 mm camera that the young Herzog stole from the Munich Film School. In the commentary for ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God'', he states, "I don't consider it theft—it was just a necessity—I had some sort of natural right for a camera, a tool to work with." He studied at the University of Munich despite earning a scholarship to Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. While in his teens he travelled to various exotic places.

In the early 1960s, Herzog worked nightshifts as a welder in a steel factory to help fund his first films. He has spoken of how, even before leaving school, he lived for a few months, buying a house, in what was likely the Moss Side area of Manchester, relating how it was there that he learned to speak English.". In 1966 he worked shortly in television under the auspices of NASA.

Herzog has been married three times and has three children. In 1967, he married Martje Grohmann, with whom he had a son in 1973, Rudolph Amos Achmed, who is a film producer and director as well as the author of several non-fiction books. In 1980, his daughter, Hanna Mattes (now a photographer and an artist), was born to Eva Mattes. In 1987, Herzog was divorced from Grohmann; later the same year he married Christine Maria Ebenberger. Their son, Simon Herzog, who attends Columbia University, was born in 1989. Herzog and Ebenberger divorced in 1994. In 1995 Herzog moved to the United States and in 1999 married photographer Lena Pisetski, now Lena Herzog. They live in Los Angeles.

In January 2006 actor Joaquin Phoenix overturned his car on a road above Sunset Boulevard. Herzog, who lived nearby, helped him get out of it. A few days later, while Herzog was giving an interview to Mark Kermode for the BBC, an unknown individual shot Herzog with an air rifle during filming. Herzog continued the interview and showed his wound on camera but acted as if nothing out of the ordinary had happened, remarking, "It is not a significant bullet."

Career

Besides using professional actors, German, American and otherwise, Herzog is known for using people from the locality in which he is shooting. Especially in his documentaries, he uses locals to benefit his, as he calls it, "ecstatic truth", using footage of them both playing parts and being themselves. Herzog and his films have won and been nominated for many awards. Herzog's first major award was the Silver Bear Extraordinary Prize of the Jury for his first feature film ''Signs of Life'' (''Nosferatu the Vampyre'' was also nominated for Golden Bear in 1979). Most notably, Herzog won the best director award for ''Fitzcarraldo'' at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival. On the same Festival, but a few years earlier (in 1975) his movie ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' won The Special Jury Prize (also known as the 'Silver Palm'). Other films directed by Herzog nominated for Golden Palm are: ''Woyzeck'' and ''Where the Green Ants Dream''. His films were also nominated at many other very important festivals all around the world: César Awards (''Aguirre, the Wrath of God''), Emmy Awards (''Little Dieter Needs to Fly''), European Film Awards (''My Best Fiend'') and Venice Film Festival (''Scream of Stone'' and ''The Wild Blue Yonder'').

In 1987 he and his half-brother Lucki Stipetic won the Bavarian Film Awards for Best Producing, for the film ''Cobra Verde''. In 2002 he won the ''Dragon of Dragons Honorary Award'' during Kraków Film Festival in Kraków.

Herzog was honored at the 49th San Francisco International Film Festival, receiving the 2006 Film Society Directing Award. Four of his films have been shown at the San Francisco International Film Festival: ''Wodaabe - Herdsmen of the Sun'' in 1990, ''Bells from the Deep'' in 1993, ''Lessons of Darkness'' in 1993, and ''The Wild Blue Yonder'' in 2006. Herzog's April 2007 appearance at the Ebertfest in Champaign, Illinois earned him the Golden Thumb Award, and an engraved glockenspiel given to him by a young film maker inspired by his films. ''Grizzly Man'', directed by Herzog, won the Alfred P. Sloan Prize at the 2005 Sundance Film Festival. ''Encounters at the End of the World'' won the award for Best Documentary at the 2008 Edinburgh International Film Festival and was nominated for the Academy Award for Documentary Feature, Herzog's first nomination.

Herzog once promised to eat his shoe if Errol Morris completed the movie project on pet cemeteries that he had been working on, in order to challenge and motivate Morris, whom Herzog perceived as incapable of following up on the projects he conceived. In 1978 when the film ''Gates of Heaven'' premiered, Werner Herzog cooked and publicly ate his shoe, an event later incorporated into a short documentary ''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe'' by Les Blank. At the event, Herzog suggested that he hoped the act would serve to encourage anyone having difficulty bringing a project to fruition.

In 2009, Herzog became the only filmmaker in recent history to enter two films in competition in the same year at the prestigious Venice Film Festival. Herzog's ''Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans'' was entered into the festival's official competition schedule, and his ''My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?'' entered the competition as a "surprise film". Herzog also provided the narration for the short film ''Plastic Bag'' directed by Ramin Bahrani which was the Opening Night film in the Corto Cortissimo section of the festival.

Herzog is also a Jury Member for the digital studio Filmaka, a platform for undiscovered filmmakers to show their work to industry professionals.

Herzog was the President of the Jury at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival. He Was the Chief guest of the 15th International Film Festival of Kerala(IFFK 2010 December)

Herzog also lent his voice to the animated television program ''The Boondocks'' in the third season premiere episode It's a Black President, Huey Freeman in which he played himself filming a documentary about the series' cast of characters and their actions during the 2008 election of Barack Obama. He also played Walter Hotenhoffer (formerly known as Augustus Gloop) in the Simpsons episode The Scorpion's Tale which aired in March 2011.

Current and Future projects

Herzog completed a documentary called ''Cave of Forgotten Dreams'' in 2010, which shows Herzog's journey into the Chauvet Cave in France. Although generally skeptical of 3-D film as a format, Herzog premiered the film at the 2010 Toronto International Film Festival in 3-D and had its European premiere at the 2011 Berlinale.

Also in 2010, Herzog's documentary ''Happy People: A Year in the Taiga'', which portrays the life of an indigenous tribe from the Siberian part of the Taiga, had its premiere at the 2010 Telluride Film Festival.

As for feature films, the film adaptation of Daniel Mason's novel ''The Piano Tuner'' has been re-written by Herzog (after Peter Buchman first draft), and will be directed by Herzog as well. Focus Features will be studio helming the project, along with Mandalay Independent Pictures as production company. No cast, shooting or release dates are known yet.

Herzog has said that he would like to make a biopic about real-life traveler and explorer Gertrude Bell. Until now, it is still a proposed future project.

Film theory

Herzog's films have received considerable critical acclaim and achieved popularity on the art house circuit. They have also been the subject of controversy in regard to their themes and messages, especially the circumstances surrounding their creation. A notable example is ''Fitzcarraldo'', in which the obsessiveness of the central character was mirrored by the director during the making of the film, as shown in ''Burden of Dreams'', a documentary filmed during the making of Fitzcarraldo. His treatment of subjects has been characterized as Wagnerian in its scope, as ''Fitzcarraldo'' and his later film ''Invincible'' (2001) are directly inspired by opera, or operatic themes. He is proud of never using storyboards and often improvising large parts of the script, as he explains on the commentary track to ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God''.

Collaborations

Cast

;Actors/Actress in a Leading Role:

Klaus Kinski: ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God'', ''Nosferatu'', ''Woyzeck'', ''Fitzcarraldo'', and ''Cobra Verde''. In 1999 Herzog directed and narrated the documentary film ''My Best Fiend'', a retrospective on his often rocky relationship with Kinski.

Brad Dourif in ''Scream of Stone'', ''The Wild Blue Yonder'', ''Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans'', and ''My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done''

Bruno S. in ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' and ''Stroszek''

Josef Bierbichler in ''Heart of Glass'' and ''Woyzeck''

Eva Mattes in ''Woyzeck'' and ''Stroszek''

Michael Shannon in ''Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans'' and ''My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done''

;Actors in a Supporting Role:

Clemens Scheitz in ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'', ''Heart of Glass'', ''Stroszek'' and ''Nosferatu the Vampyre''

Peter Berling in ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God'', ''Fitzcarraldo'' and ''Cobra Verde''

Volker Prechtel in ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'', ''Heart of Glass'', ''Woyzeck'' and ''Scream of Stone''

Udo Kier in ''Invincible'' and ''My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done?''

José Lewgoy in ''Fitzcarraldo'' and ''Cobra Verde''

Walter Ladengast in ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' and ''Nosferatu the Vampyre''

Crew

;Cinematographers ;Thomas Mauch Mauch worked with Herzog on ten films: starting with ''Signs of Life'' and ''Last Words'' and ending with ''Fitzcarraldo''. He helped to create hallucinogenic atmosphere in ''Aguirre'' and realistic style of ''Stroszek''. Mauch won Film Award in Gold and National Society of Film Critics Awards for ''Aguirre''. He was Herzog's first choice to be cinematographer during ''Cobra Verde'', but after a perpetual torrent of verbal abuse from Kinski, Mauch walked out on the project. That was Mauch and Herzog's final collaboration.

;Jörg Schmidt-Reitwein Reitwein worked with Herzog on seventeen films. Reitwein was Thomas Mauch's assistant camera during ''Even Dwarfs Started Small''. His first independent work for Herzog was ''Precautions Against Fanatics'' in 1969. He helped to create poetical atmosphere of ''Fata Morgana'', ''Heart of Glass'', ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' and ''Nosferatu''. He won the Film Award in Gold for ''Heart of Glass'' and ''Where the Green Ants Dream'' at the German Film Awards. He last collaborated with Herzog during ''Pilgrimage'' in 2001.

;Peter Zeitlinger Zeitlinger collaborated with Herzog on thirteen films, from ''Gesualdo: Death for Five Voices'' (1995) to now filming television documentary ''Death Row'' (2011), including ''Rescue Dawn'' and ''Grizzly Man''. He was nominated for Chlotrudis Award for ''Encounters at the End of the World'' in 2007 and for Independent Spirit Award for ''Bad Lieutenant. Port of Call: New Orleans'' in 2009.

;Producers ;Walter Saxer Saxer produced sixteen of Herzog's films, including ''Nosferatu'' and ''The White Diamond''. He worked as Sound Department during seven of Herzog's films, including ''The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner'' and ''Echoes from a Somber Empire''. He co-wrote ''Scream of Stone'' which Herzog directed. Saxer appeared as himself in Herzog's ''My Best Fiend'' and in Les Blank's ''Burden of Dreams'', in which he was also subjected to the verbal abuse of Kinski.

;Lucki Stipetic Lucki is Herzog's half-brother. He also produced several Herzog films, including ''Aguirre'' and ''Invincible''. Stipetic is a head of Werner Herzog Productions. He won Bavarian Film Award in 1988 for ''Cobra Verde'' and International Documentary Association Award for ''Little Dieter Needs to Fly'' in 1998. He was also nominated for an Emmy Award in 1998.

:André Singer Singer worked either as an executive producer or producer on eight of Herzog’s documentaries starting with “Lessons of Darkness” in 1991, “The Wild Blue Yonder” – won the Internatinal Critics Award at the Venice Film Festival, 2006 and including two of the most recent “La Boheme, short”, 2009, and “Into the Abyss”/”Death Row”, 2011.

;Editors ;Beate Mainka-Jellinghaus Mainka-Jellinghaus worked with Herzog on twenty films, from ''Signs of Life'' and ''Last Words'' (both from 1968) to ''Where the Green Ants Dream'' (1984). She won Film Award in Gold during German Film Awards for ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' in 1975.

;Joe Bini Bini collaborated with Herzog on nineteen films, from ''Little Dieter Needs to Fly'' (1997) to ''Cave of Forgotten Dreams'' (2009). He was nominated by American Cinema Editors for Best Edited Documentary Film for ''Grizzly Man'' in 2005.

;Costumes designers ;Ann Poppel Poppel collaborated with Herzog on four films, including ''Nosferatu the Vampyre'' and ''Scream of Stone''.

;Gisela Storch Storch worked with Herzog on six films: ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'', ''Heart of Glass'', ''Nosferatu the Vampyre'', ''Woyzeck'', ''Fitzcarraldo'' and ''Cobra Verde''. She was nominated for a Saturn Award for ''Nosferatu the Vampire'' in 1979.

;Composers ;Popol Vuh Popol Vuh was a German Krautrock band founded by pianist and keyboardist Florian Fricke. The band took its name from the Popol Vuh, a manuscript of Quiché Maya kingdom, after watching Herzog's ''Fata Morgana'' (in which Lotte Eisner reads parts of the Popol Vuh). The band composed music for eight Herzog's films: ''Aguirre, the Wrath of God'', ''The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner'', ''Heart of Glass'', ''Nosferatu'', ''The Dark Glow of the Mountains'', ''Fitzcarraldo'', ''Cobra Verde'' and ''My Best Fiend''. Their compositions were also used by Herzog in ''Rescue Dawn''. Florian Fricke made a cameo as a pianist in ''Signs of Life'' and ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser''.

;Ernst Reijseger Herzog invited Reijseger to compose scores for his films four times to that date. Two of them were documentaries (''The White Diamond'' an ''Cave of Forgotten Dreams'') and two were features (''The Wild Blue Yonder'' and ''My Son, My Son What Have Ye Done''). His music was also used in ''Rescue Dawn'' and in video documentary short about recording music for ''Grizzly Man'' titled ''In the Edges: The 'Grizzly Man' Session'' directed by Erik Nelson. Reijseger also had a cameo as himself in ''My Son, My Son What Have Ye Done''.

;Others ;Henning von Gierke Gierke collaborated with Herzog on seven films and several operas. He was Production Designer during ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'', ''Nosferatu the Vampyre'' and ''Fitzcarraldo''. As a Set Decorator he worked on ''Heart of Glass'' and ''Woyzeck'', as Stage Designer on operas: ''Lohengrin'' and ''Giovanna d'Arco'' and as Costume Designer on film ''The Transformation of the World Into Music''. Gierke shot additional still photographs on ''Stroszek'' 's set. He appeared twice in Herzog's film ''The Transformation of the World Into Music'' as himself and in Herzog's TV realisation of opera ''Giovanna d'Arco''. Von Gierke won Film Award in Gold for ''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' during German Film Awards and Silver Bear for an outstanding single achievement for ''Nosferatu'', at the 29th Berlin International Film Festival.

Filmography

Fiction feature films

''Signs of Life'' (1968)

''Even Dwarfs Started Small'' (1970)

''Fata Morgana'' (1971)

''Aguirre, the Wrath of God'' (1972)

''The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser'' (1974)

''Heart of Glass'' (1976)

''Stroszek'' (1977)

''Nosferatu the Vampyre'' (1979)

''Woyzeck'' (1979)

''Fitzcarraldo'' (1982)

''Where the Green Ants Dream'' (1984)

''Cobra Verde'' (1987)

''Scream of Stone'' (1991)

''Invincible'' (2001)

''The Wild Blue Yonder'' (2005)

''Rescue Dawn'' (2007)

''Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans'' (2009)

''My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done'' (2009)

Fiction short films

''Herakles'' (1962)

''Game in The Sand'' (1964)

''The Unprecedented Defence of the Fortress Deutschkreuz'' (1966)

''Last Words'' (1968)

''Precautions Against Fanatics'' (1969)

''No One Will Play With Me'' (1976)

''Les Gaulois'' (1988)

Documentary feature films

''The Flying Doctors of East Africa'' (1969)

''Handicapped Future'' (1971)

''Land of Silence and Darkness'' (1971)

''The Great Ecstasy of Woodcarver Steiner'' (1974)

''How Much Wood Would a Woodchuck Chuck'' (1976)

''Huie's Sermon'' (1980)

''God's Angry Man'' (1980)

''Ballad of the Little Soldier'' (1984)

''The Dark Glow of the Mountains'' (1984)

''Wodaabe – Herdsmen of the Sun'' (1989)

''Echoes From a Somber Empire'' (1990)

''Jag Mandir'' (1991)

''Lessons of Darkness'' (1992)

''Bells from the Deep'' (1993)

''The Transformation of the World into Music'' (1994)

''Gesualdo: Death for Five Voices'' (1995)

''Little Dieter Needs to Fly'' (1997)

''My Best Fiend'' (1999)

''Wings of Hope'' (2000)

''Wheel of Time'' (2003)

''The White Diamond'' (2004)

''Grizzly Man'' (2005)

''Encounters at the End of the World'' (2007)

''Cave of Forgotten Dreams'' (2010)

''Into the Abyss'' (2011)

Documentary short films

''La Soufrière'' (1977)

''Portrait Werner Herzog'' (1986)

''Christ and demons in New Spain'' (1999)

''Pilgrimage'' (2001)

''Ten Thousand Years Older'' (2002)

''La bohème'' (2009)

Screenwriter

Films written, not directed, by Herzog:

''Werner Herzog Eats His Shoe'' (1980)

Herzog has written all his films, except these which he co-wrote:

''Scream of Stone'' (1991)

''Bad Lieutenant: Port of Call New Orleans'' (2009)

''My Son, My Son, What Have Ye Done'' (2009)

Herzog has also co-written:

''Hunger in the world explained to my son'' (''El hambre en el mundo explicada a mi hijo'') (2002)

''Incident at Loch Ness'' (2004)

''Happy People: A Year in the Taiga'' (2010)

Actor

''Geschichten vom Kübelkind'' (1971)

''Man of Flowers'' (1983)

''Bride of the Orient '' (1989)

''Hard to Be a God'' (1990)

''Tales from the Opera'' (1994)

''Burning Heart'' (1995)

''What Dreams May Come'' (1998)

''Julien Donkey-Boy'' (1999)

''Incident at Loch Ness'' (2004)

''Mister Lonely'' (2007)

''The Grand'' (2007)

''Plastic Bag'' (2009)

''The Simpsons'' (2010)

Stage works

Opera

''Doktor Faustus'' (1986, Teatro Comunale di Bologna)

''Lohengrin'' (1987, Bayreuth Festival)

''Giovanna d'Arco'' (1989, Teatro Comunale di Bologna)

''La Donna del lago'' (1992, Teatro alla Scala, Milan)

''The Flying Dutchman'' (1993, L'Opéra de la Bastille)

''Il Guarany'' (1993, Opera Bonn)

''Norma'' (1994, Verona Arena)

''Il Guarany'' (1996, Washington National Opera)

''Chushingura'' (1997, Tokyo Opera)

''Tannhäuser'' (1997, 1998 Teatro de la Maestranza; Teatro di San Carlo; Teatro Massimo)

''The Magic Flute'' (1999, Teatro Bellini, Catania)

''Fidelio (1999, Teatro alla Scala)

''Tannhäuser (Wagner)'' (2000)

''Giovanna d'Arco'' (2001, Teatro Carlo Felice, Genoa)

''Tannhäuser'' (2001, Teatro Municipal; Houston Grand Opera)

''Die Zauberflöte'' (2001, Baltimore Opera)

''The Flying Dutchman'' (2002, DomStufen Festspiele Erfurt)

''Parsifal'' (2008, Palau de les Arts, Valencia)

Theatre

''Floresta Amazonica (A Midsummer Night's Dream)'' (1992, Teatro Joao Caetano)

''Varété'' (1993, Hebbel Theatre)

''Specialitaeten'' (1993, Etablissement Ronacher)

Bibliography

;Books Writer:

''Of Walking In Ice'' (Free Association, New York, 2007, ISBN 978-0-9796121-0-7)

''Fitzcarraldo: The Original Story'' (Fjord Pr, January 1983, ISBN 978-0-940242-04-3)

''"Conquest of the Useless" Herzog's diaries of the making of "Fitzcarraldo"''

Co-writer: Paul Cronin. ''Herzog on Herzog'' (London: Faber and Faber Ltd., 2002, ISBN 0-571-20708-1) (extracts)

Lena Herzog. ''Pilgrims: Becoming the Path Itself'' (Periplus Publishing London Ltd., ISBN 1-902699-43-2)

;Screenplays: Writer:

''Cobra Verde'' (Jade-Flammarion 2001, ISBN 2-08-203009-1)

''Wo Die Grünen Ameisen Träumen'' (Hanser 1984, ISBN 3-446-14106-5)

''Nosferatu'' (Ulbulibri, 1984)

''Fitzcarraldo, Nosferatu, Stroszek'' (Mazarine 1982)

''Screenplays: Aguirre, The Wrath of God, Every Man For Himself and God Against All & Land of Silence and Darkness'' (translated by Alan Greenberg & Martje Herzog; Tanam, New York, ISBN 0-934378-03-7)

''Drehbücher III: Stroszek, Nosferatu'' (Hanser 1979)

''Drehbücher II: Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes: Jeder für sich und Gott gegen alle, Land des Schweigens und der Dunkelheit'' (Hanser 1977)

''Drehbücher I: Lebenszeichen, Auch Zwerge haben klein angefangen, Fata Morgana'' (Hanser 1977)

Co-writer:

Alan Greenberg & Herbert Achternbusch. ''Heart of Glass'' 1976

References

External links

Encounters with Herzog a film competition. Judged by Herzog on the independent filmmakers networking community Shooting People.

Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:People from Munich Category:Documentary film directors Category:English-language film directors Category:German documentary filmmakers Category:German expatriates in the United States Category:German film actors Category:German film directors Category:German film producers Category:German-language film directors Category:German screenwriters Category:Opera directors Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:American documentary filmmakers Category:American film actors Category:American film producers Category:American screenwriters Category:American people of German descent

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