Friday, 03 August 2012
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North \North\, a. Lying toward the north; situated at the north, or in a northern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the north, or coming from the north. [1913 Webster]
North following. See Following, a., 2.
north pole, that point in the heavens, or on the earth, ninety degrees from the equator toward the north.
North preceding. See Following, a., 2.
North star, the star toward which the north pole of the earth very nearly points, and which accordingly seems fixed and immovable in the sky. The star [alpha] (alpha) of the Little Bear, is our present north star, being distant from the pole about 1[deg] 25', and from year to year approaching slowly nearer to it. It is called also Cynosura, polestar, and by astronomers, Polaris. [1913 Webster] - north pole n 1: the northernmost point of the Earth's axis
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AARI
http://wn.com/AARI -
Antarctica
Antarctica
http://wn.com/Antarctica -
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean, located in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Arctic north polar region, is the smallest, and shallowest of the world's five major oceanic divisions. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, although some oceanographers call it the Arctic Mediterranean Sea or simply the Arctic Sea, classifying it as one of the mediterranean seas of the Atlantic Ocean. Alternatively, the Arctic Ocean can be seen as the northernmost lobe of the all-encompassing World Ocean.
http://wn.com/Arctic_Ocean -
Arktika (icebreaker)
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Barrow, Alaska
Barrow () is the largest city of the North Slope Borough in the U.S. state of Alaska. It is one of the northernmost cities in the world, and is the northernmost city in the United States, with nearby Point Barrow being the nation's northernmost point. The population was 4,683 at the 2000 census, with an estimated population of 3,982 in 2007. It was named after Sir John Barrow.
http://wn.com/Barrow_Alaska -
Brusilov Expedition
The Brusilov Expedition (, Ekspeditsiya Brusilova) was ill-planned and ill-executed by Captain Brusilov. He set out from Alexandrovsk on August 28, 1912, so late in the summer that it was almost sure that his ship would be trapped by the ice.
http://wn.com/Brusilov_Expedition -
Cape Columbia
Cape Columbia is the northernmost point of land of Canada, located on Ellesmere Island in the Qikiqtaaluk Region of Nunavut. It marks the westernmost coastal point of Lincoln Sea in the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's northernmost point of land outside Greenland and the distance to the North Pole is .
http://wn.com/Cape_Columbia -
Discovery Hut
http://wn.com/Discovery_Hut -
Fram
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http://wn.com/Fram -
Framheim
http://wn.com/Framheim -
Franz Josef Land
http://wn.com/Franz_Josef_Land -
Frederick Cook
Dr. Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 – August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician, noted for his claim of having reached the North Pole on April 21, 1908, a year before Robert Peary claimed to, April 6, 1909.
http://wn.com/Frederick_Cook -
Gjøa
http://wn.com/Gjøa -
Greenland
Greenland ( meaning "Land of the Kalaallit people"; ) is an autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark, located between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Physiographically, it is a part of the continent of North America. The largest island in Greenland is also named Greenland, and makes up most of the country's land area.
http://wn.com/Greenland -
Iceland
:
http://wn.com/Iceland -
Kotelny Island
http://wn.com/Kotelny_Island -
Mangazeya
Mangazeya was a Northwest Siberian trans-Ural trade colony and later city in the 16-17th centuries. Founded in 1600, it was situated on the Taz River, between the lower courses of the Ob and Yenisei Rivers flowing into the Arctic Ocean.
http://wn.com/Mangazeya -
Maud (ship)
The Maud, named for Queen Maud of Norway, was a ship built for Roald Amundsen for his second expedition to the Arctic. Designed for his intended voyage through the Northeast Passage, the vessel was specially built at a shipyard in Asker, Norway on the Oslofjord.
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McMurdo Station
McMurdo Station is a U.S. Antarctic research center located on the southern tip of Ross Island, which is in the New Zealand-claimed Ross Dependency. on the shore of McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. It is operated by the United States through the United States Antarctic Program, a branch of the National Science Foundation. The station is the largest community in Antarctica, capable of supporting up to 1,258 residents, and serves as the United States Antarctic science facility. All personnel and cargo going to or coming from Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station first passes through McMurdo.
http://wn.com/McMurdo_Station -
Mirny Station
Mirny (, literally Peaceful) is a Russian (formerly Soviet) science station in Antarctica, located on the Antarctic coast of the Davis Sea in the Australian Antarctic Territory.
http://wn.com/Mirny_Station -
New Swabia
http://wn.com/New_Swabia -
North Pole
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the northern hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets the Earth's surface. It should not be confused with the North Magnetic Pole.
http://wn.com/North_Pole -
North Pole, Alaska
North Pole is a small city in Fairbanks North Star Borough, Alaska, United States. It is part of the Fairbanks, Alaska metropolitan statistical area. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 1,778. The name "North Pole" is often applied to the entire area bounded by Fort Wainwright, Two Rivers, Alaska, and the Chena River Flood Control Project.
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North Pole-36
North Pole-36 () was the 36th Russian manned drifting station, primarily used for arctic research from September 2008 until August 2009.
http://wn.com/North_Pole-36 -
Northern Canada
Northern Canada, colloquially the North, is the vast northernmost region of Canada variously defined by geography and politics. Politically, the term refers to the three territories of Canada: Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut. Similarly, the Far North (when contrasted to the North) may refer to the Canadian Arctic: the portion of Canada north of the Arctic Circle.
http://wn.com/Northern_Canada -
Northern Hemisphere
http://wn.com/Northern_Hemisphere -
Operation Tabarin
During World War II, Operation Tabarin was a small British military expedition launched from the UK in 1943 to the Antarctic to establish permanently-occupied bases.
http://wn.com/Operation_Tabarin -
RRS Discovery
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Russia
Russia (; ), also officially known as the Russian Federation (), is a state in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both via Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, the People's Republic of China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It also has maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the United States by the Bering Strait. At , Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than a ninth of the Earth's land area. Russia is also the ninth most populous nation with 142 million people. It extends across the whole of northern Asia and 40% of Europe, spanning 9 time zones and incorporating a wide range of environments and landforms. Russia has the world's largest reserves of mineral and energy resources. It has the world's largest forest reserves and its lakes contain approximately one-quarter of the world's fresh water.
http://wn.com/Russia -
San Telmo (ship)
San Telmo ("Saint Peter Gonzalez" or "Saint Erasmus of Formiae") was a Spanish 74-gun ship of the line, launched in 1788.
http://wn.com/San_Telmo_(ship) -
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Svalbard
http://wn.com/Svalbard -
Svyataya Anna
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http://wn.com/Svyataya_Anna
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Adolphus Greely
http://wn.com/Adolphus_Greely -
Adrien de Gerlache
:"Gerlache" redirects here. For the saint of this name, see Saint Gerlache
http://wn.com/Adrien_de_Gerlache -
Aeneas Mackintosh
http://wn.com/Aeneas_Mackintosh -
Albert P. Crary
http://wn.com/Albert_P_Crary -
Aleksandr Dralkin
http://wn.com/Aleksandr_Dralkin -
Aleksei Chirikov
http://wn.com/Aleksei_Chirikov -
Alexander Konrad
Alexander Eduardovich Konrad () (1890 in St. Petersburg - 1940 in Leningrad) was a Russian sailor. Along with Valerian Albanov, he was one of the only two survivors, and the only surviving sailor of the ill-fated Brusilov expedition.
http://wn.com/Alexander_Konrad -
Alexander Kuchin
http://wn.com/Alexander_Kuchin -
Alexey Tryoshnikov
Alexey Fyodorovich Tryoshnikov () (April 14, 1914 in the village of Pavlovka, now in Baryshsky District, Ulyanovsk Oblast – November 18, 1991 at Saint Petersburg) was a Soviet polar explorer and leader of the 2nd Soviet Antarctic Expedition and the 13th Soviet Antarctic Expedition.
http://wn.com/Alexey_Tryoshnikov -
Alfred Ritscher
Alfred Ritscher (23 May 1879 in Bad Lauterberg - 30 March 1963 in Hamburg) was a German polar explorer. A captain in the German Navy, he led the third German Antarctic Expedition in 1938-39, which mapped the New Swabia () area of Queen Maud Land. Ritscher Peak and Ritscher Upland there are named for him.
http://wn.com/Alfred_Ritscher -
Alistair Mackay
Alistair Mackay was a Scottish doctor and polar explorer. He was one the trio of explorers, along with Douglas Mawson and Professor Edgeworth David, who became the first humans to reach the Magnetic South Pole.
http://wn.com/Alistair_Mackay -
Allen Young
http://wn.com/Allen_Young -
Anatoly Sagalevich
Anatoly Mikhailovich Sagalevich () (born September 5, 1938) is a Russian explorer, who works at the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (USSR Academy of Sciences until 1991) since 1965.
http://wn.com/Anatoly_Sagalevich -
Anthony de la Roché
http://wn.com/Anthony_de_la_Roché -
Artur Chilingarov
Artur Nikolayevich Chilingarov (; born 25 September 1939) is Russian polar explorer. He is a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union in 1986 and the title Hero of the Russian Federation in 2008. Chilingarov is also a member of State Duma from Nenets Autonomous Okrug (since 1993). Member of United Russia party.
http://wn.com/Artur_Chilingarov -
Arved Fuchs
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http://wn.com/Arved_Fuchs -
Avgust Tsivolko
http://wn.com/Avgust_Tsivolko -
Bernt Balchen
http://wn.com/Bernt_Balchen -
Boris Vilkitsky
http://wn.com/Boris_Vilkitsky -
Brendan
http://wn.com/Brendan -
Cadwalader Ringgold
Cadwalader Ringgold (20 August 1802 - 29 April 1867) was an officer in the United States Navy who served in the United States Exploring Expedition, later headed an expedition to the Northwest and, after initially retiring, returned to service during the Civil War.
http://wn.com/Cadwalader_Ringgold -
Carl Anton Larsen
Carl Anton Larsen (August 7, 1860 – December 8, 1924) was a Norwegian Antarctic Explorer, who made important contributions to the exploration of Antarctica, the most significant being the first discovery of fossils, for which he received the Back Grant from the Royal Geographical Society. In December 1893 he became the first person to ski in Antarctica on the Larsen Ice Shelf which was subsequently named after him. Larsen is considered the founder of the Antarctic whaling industry and the settlement at Grytviken on the British-administered island of South Georgia. In 1910, after some years' residence on South Georgia, he took British citizenship.
http://wn.com/Carl_Anton_Larsen -
Carsten Borchgrevink
http://wn.com/Carsten_Borchgrevink -
Carsten Richardson
Carsten Richardson (b. ? - d. ?) was an early 17th Century Holsteinian-Danish naval officer and Arctic explorer. He is most noted for his role in King Christian IV's Expeditions to Greenland.
http://wn.com/Carsten_Richardson -
Charles Clerke
http://wn.com/Charles_Clerke -
Charles Francis Hall
:See Charles Hall for other people by that name.
http://wn.com/Charles_Francis_Hall -
Charles R. Burton
http://wn.com/Charles_R_Burton -
Charles Wilkes
http://wn.com/Charles_Wilkes -
Dante Alighieri
Dante Alighieri (May/June c.1265September 14, 1321), commonly known as Dante, was an Italian poet of the Middle Ages. He was born in Florence; he died and is buried in Ravenna.
http://wn.com/Dante_Alighieri -
David Legge Brainard
http://wn.com/David_Legge_Brainard -
David Scott Cowper
David Scott Cowper is a British yachtsman, and was the first man to sail solo round the world in both directions and was also the first to successfully sail around the world via the Northwest Passage single-handed.
http://wn.com/David_Scott_Cowper -
Dmitry Laptev
Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev () (1701 - ) was a Russian Arctic explorer and Vice Admiral (1762).
http://wn.com/Dmitry_Laptev -
Dmitry Ovtsyn
Dmitry Leontiyevich Ovtsyn () (unknown - after 1757) was a Russian hydrographer and Arctic explorer.
http://wn.com/Dmitry_Ovtsyn -
Douglas Mawson
http://wn.com/Douglas_Mawson -
E. Myles Standish
Dr E. Myles Standish (Erland Myles Standish, Jr) is a mathematical astronomer, former professor at the California Institute of Technology and associated with Jet Propulsion Laboratory. He has published over 900 articles, as listed in Google Scholar and the (Harvard Astronomical Data Service) mostly in the field of solar system dynamics and celestial mechanics.
http://wn.com/E_Myles_Standish -
Edgar Evans
http://wn.com/Edgar_Evans -
Edgeworth David
:For the colonial administrator, see Edgeworth Beresford David.
http://wn.com/Edgeworth_David -
Edmund Hillary
http://wn.com/Edmund_Hillary -
Eduard Toll
Eduard Gustav von Toll was a Baltic German geologist and Arctic explorer in Russian service. Often referred to as Baron von Toll or as Eduard v. Toll, in Russia he is known as Eduard Vasiliyevich Toll (). Eduard Toll was born on (March 2(14), 1858, in Reval (now Tallinn, Estonia) and he died in 1902 in an unknown location in the Arctic Ocean). He belonged to a noble family of Baltic German origin and was married to Baroness Emmy von Toll.
http://wn.com/Eduard_Toll -
Edward Adrian Wilson
Edward Adrian Wilson ("Uncle Bill") (23 July 1872 – 29 March 1912) was a notable English polar explorer, physician, naturalist, painter and ornithologist.
http://wn.com/Edward_Adrian_Wilson -
Edward Belcher
Admiral Sir Edward Belcher, KCB (27 February 1799 – 18 March 1877), was a British naval officer and explorer. He was the great-grandson of Governor Jonathan Belcher. His wife, Diana Jolliffe, was the stepdaughter of Captain Peter Heywood.
http://wn.com/Edward_Belcher -
Emil Racoviţă
http://wn.com/Emil_Racoviţă -
Eric Marshall
http://wn.com/Eric_Marshall -
Erich von Drygalski
http://wn.com/Erich_von_Drygalski -
Erik the Red
http://wn.com/Erik_the_Red -
Ernest Shackleton
http://wn.com/Ernest_Shackleton -
Ernst Krenkel
http://wn.com/Ernst_Krenkel -
Francis Crozier
Francis Rawdon Moira Crozier (September 1796–after 1848?) was born in Ireland at Banbridge, County Down and was a British naval officer who participated in six exploratory expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. He was named after Francis Rawdon, the 2nd Earl of Moira, who was a friend of his father.
http://wn.com/Francis_Crozier -
Frank Wild
http://wn.com/Frank_Wild -
Frederick Cook
Dr. Frederick Albert Cook (June 10, 1865 – August 5, 1940) was an American explorer and physician, noted for his claim of having reached the North Pole on April 21, 1908, a year before Robert Peary claimed to, April 6, 1909.
http://wn.com/Frederick_Cook -
Fridtjof Nansen
http://wn.com/Fridtjof_Nansen -
Fyodor Litke
#REDIRECTFyodor Petrovich Litke
http://wn.com/Fyodor_Litke -
Fyodor Matisen
http://wn.com/Fyodor_Matisen -
Fyodor Matyushkin
http://wn.com/Fyodor_Matyushkin -
Gardar Svavarsson
http://wn.com/Gardar_Svavarsson -
George Francis Lyon
http://wn.com/George_Francis_Lyon -
George J. Dufek
George John Dufek (10 February 1903, Rockford, Illinois - 10 February 1977, Bethesda, Maryland) was an American naval officer, naval aviator, and Arctic expert. He served in World War II and the Korean War and in the 1940s and 1950s spent much of his career in the Antarctic, first with Admiral Byrd and later as supervisor of U.S. programs in the South Polar regions. Rear Admiral Dufek was the director of the Mariners' Museum in Newport News, Virginia after his retirement from the Navy in 1959.
http://wn.com/George_J_Dufek -
George Nares
Admiral Sir George Strong Nares, KCB (24 April 1831–15 January 1915) was a British naval officer and Arctic explorer.
http://wn.com/George_Nares -
George W. DeLong
http://wn.com/George_W_DeLong -
Georgy Baydukov
http://wn.com/Georgy_Baydukov -
Georgy Brusilov
http://wn.com/Georgy_Brusilov -
Georgy Sedov
http://wn.com/Georgy_Sedov -
Georgy Ushakov
Georgy Alexeyevich Ushakov () (January 17(30), 1901 - December 3, 1963) was a Soviet explorer of the Arctic, Doctor of Geographic Sciences (1950).
http://wn.com/Georgy_Ushakov -
Gerald Ketchum
http://wn.com/Gerald_Ketchum -
Gerardus Mercator
Gerardus Mercator (5 March 1512 – 2 December 1594) was a Flemish cartographer. He was born in Rupelmonde in the County of Flanders. He is remembered for the Mercator projection world map, which is named after him. This proved very useful to many later explorers.
http://wn.com/Gerardus_Mercator -
Gunnbjörn Ulfsson
http://wn.com/Gunnbjörn_Ulfsson -
Hans Egede
http://wn.com/Hans_Egede -
Helmer Hanssen
Helmer Julius Hanssen (1870-1956) was a Norwegian polar explorer, and one of the first five to reach the South Pole on the expedition of Roald Amundsen.
http://wn.com/Helmer_Hanssen -
Henry Corbin
Henry Corbin (14 April 1903 - 7 October 1978) was a philosopher, theologian and professor of Islamic Studies at the Sorbonne in Paris, France.
http://wn.com/Henry_Corbin -
Henry Hudson
Henry Hudson (c. 1560/70s – 1611?) was an English sea explorer and navigator in the early 17th century. After several voyages on behalf of English merchants to explore a prospective Northeast Passage to India, Hudson explored the region around modern New York City while looking for a western route to Asia under the auspices of the Dutch East India Company. He explored the river which eventually was named for him, and laid thereby the foundation for Dutch colonization of the region.
http://wn.com/Henry_Hudson -
Henry Kellett
Vice Admiral Sir Henry Kellett KCB (2 November 1806 - 1 March 1875) was a British naval officer and explorer.
http://wn.com/Henry_Kellett -
Henryk Arctowski
Henryk Arctowski (1871 - 1958) was a Polish scientist, oceanographer and Antarctica's explorer.
http://wn.com/Henryk_Arctowski -
Hjalmar Johansen
Fredrik Hjalmar Johansen (May 15, 1867 - January 9, 1913) was a polar explorer from Norway. He shipped out with Fridtjof Nansen's Fram expedition in 1893-1896, and accompanied Nansen to notch a new Farthest North record near the North Pole on what was then the frozen Arctic Ocean.
http://wn.com/Hjalmar_Johansen -
Hubert Wilkins
http://wn.com/Hubert_Wilkins -
Hugh Willoughby
Sir Hugh Willoughby of Risley, Derbyshire (died 1554) was an early English Arctic voyager. He was sent out in 1553, as captain of the Bona Esperanza with two other vessels under his command and with chief pilot Richard Chancellor, by a company of London merchants known as the Company of Merchant Adventurers to New Lands, which later became the Muscovy Company.
http://wn.com/Hugh_Willoughby -
Humphrey Gilbert
Sir Humphrey Gilbert (c. 1539 – 9 September 1583)
http://wn.com/Humphrey_Gilbert -
Ilya Perfilyev
Ilya Perfilyev (Perfiryev) (), was a Russian explorer, polar seafarer and a founder of Verkhoyansk. In the summer of 1633 he headed a group, consisted of merchant-and-industrial people and Yenisey and Tobolsk Cossacks. In 1634 he discovered the Yana River and the Yana-Indigirka lowland.
http://wn.com/Ilya_Perfilyev -
Ingólfr Arnarson
http://wn.com/Ingólfr_Arnarson -
Inuit
The Inuit are a group of culturally similar indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic regions of Canada (Northwest Territories, Nunatsiavut, Nunavik, Nunavut), Denmark (Greenland), Russia (Siberia) and the United States (Alaska). The Inuit language is grouped under Eskimo-Aleut languages. An Inuk is an Inuit person.
http://wn.com/Inuit -
Isaac Schlossbach
http://wn.com/Isaac_Schlossbach -
Ivan Lyakhov
Ivan Lyakhov (), died around 1800, was a Russian merchant who explored large sections ot the New Siberian Islands in the 18th century.
http://wn.com/Ivan_Lyakhov -
Ivan Papanin
Ivan Dmitrievich Papanin (, - January 30, 1986) was a Russian Polar Explorer, Scientist,
http://wn.com/Ivan_Papanin -
James Booth Lockwood
http://wn.com/James_Booth_Lockwood -
James Clark Ross
Sir James Clark Ross (15 April 1800 – 3 April 1862), was a British naval officer and explorer. He explored the Arctic with his uncle Sir John Ross and Sir William Parry, and later led his own expedition to Antarctica.
http://wn.com/James_Clark_Ross -
James Cook
http://wn.com/James_Cook -
Jameson Adams
http://wn.com/Jameson_Adams -
Jan Nagórski
http://wn.com/Jan_Nagórski -
Jens Munk
http://wn.com/Jens_Munk -
John Cabot
http://wn.com/John_Cabot -
John Davis (sealer)
Captain John Davis (born in 1784 in Surrey, England) was a seal hunter from Connecticut, USA who claimed to have set foot on Antarctica on February 7, 1821 shortly after the first sightings of the new continent by Fabian von Bellingshausen, Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev, Edward Bransfield and Nathaniel Palmer.
http://wn.com/John_Davis_(sealer) -
John Franklin
Rear-Admiral Sir John Franklin KCH FRGS RN (16 April 1786 – 11 June 1847) was a British Royal Navy officer and Arctic explorer who mapped almost two thirds of the northern coastline of North America. Franklin also served as governor of Tasmania for several years. In his last expedition, he disappeared while attempting to chart and navigate a section of the Northwest Passage in the Canadian Arctic. The entire crew perished from starvation, hypothermia, tuberculosis, lead poisoning, scurvy and exposure before and after Franklin died and the expedition's icebound ships were abandoned in desperation.
http://wn.com/John_Franklin -
John Rae (explorer)
Person
http://wn.com/John_Rae_(explorer) -
John Riddoch Rymill
John Riddoch Rymill (13 March 1905- 7 September 1968) was an Australian polar explorer, who had the rare second clasp added to his Polar Medal.
http://wn.com/John_Riddoch_Rymill -
Joris Carolus
Joris Carolus (ca. 1566, Enkhuizen - ca. 1636, Amsterdam? ) was a Dutch cartographer and explorer. He served for both the Noordsche Compagnie and the Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (Dutch East India Company).
http://wn.com/Joris_Carolus -
Joscelyn Godwin
Joscelyn Godwin (born 16 January 1945 at Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, England) is a composer, musicologist and translator, known for his work on ancient music, paganism and music in the occult.
http://wn.com/Joscelyn_Godwin -
Joseph Billings
Joseph Billings (c. 1758 - 1806) was an English navigator and explorer.
http://wn.com/Joseph_Billings -
Joseph René Bellot
http://wn.com/Joseph_René_Bellot -
Julius von Payer
Julius Johannes Ludovicus Ritter von Payer (2 September 1841 – 19 August 1915) was an Austro-Hungarian arctic explorer and an Arctic landscape artist.
http://wn.com/Julius_von_Payer -
Karl Weyprecht
Karl Weyprecht, also spelt Carl Weyprecht, (8 September 1838 – 8 September 1881) was an Austro-Hungarian explorer. He was an officer (k.u.k. Linienschiffsleutnant) in the Austro-Hungarian Navy. He is most famous as an Arctic explorer, and an advocate of international cooperation for scientific polar exploration. Although he did not live to see it occur, he is associated with the organisation of the first International Polar Year.
http://wn.com/Karl_Weyprecht -
Khariton Laptev
http://wn.com/Khariton_Laptev -
Knud Rasmussen
Knud Johan Victor Rasmussen (June 7, 1879 – December 21, 1933) was a Greenlandic polar explorer and anthropologist. He has been called the "father of Eskimology" and was the first to cross the Northwest Passage via dog sled. He remains well known in Greenland, Denmark and among Canadian Inuit.
http://wn.com/Knud_Rasmussen -
Kurbat Ivanov
http://wn.com/Kurbat_Ivanov -
Lawrence Oates
http://wn.com/Lawrence_Oates -
Leonhard Euler
http://wn.com/Leonhard_Euler -
Lewis Gordon Pugh
Lewis Gordon Pugh, OIG (born 5 December 1969) is a British environmental campaigner, swimmer, maritime lawyer and motivational speaker.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Gordon_Pugh -
Lincoln Ellsworth
Lincoln Ellsworth (May 12, 1880 - May 26, 1951) was an explorer from the United States.
http://wn.com/Lincoln_Ellsworth -
Louis Palander
http://wn.com/Louis_Palander -
Mark Shevelev
http://wn.com/Mark_Shevelev -
Martin Frobisher
http://wn.com/Martin_Frobisher -
Mercator Cooper
Mercator Cooper (September 29, 1803 - Spring 1872) was a ship's captain who is credited with the first formal American visit to Tokyo and the first formal landing on the mainland East Antarctica.
http://wn.com/Mercator_Cooper -
Michael Barne
Michael Barne (15 October 1877 - 31 May 1961) was an officer of the 1901-04 Discovery Expedition and was the last survivor of the expedition.
http://wn.com/Michael_Barne -
Mikhail Lavrov
http://wn.com/Mikhail_Lavrov -
Mikhail Lazarev
Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (, November 3, 1788 — April 11, 1851) was a Russian fleet commander and explorer who discovered Antarctica, Admiral (1843).
http://wn.com/Mikhail_Lazarev -
Mikhail Somov
Mikhail Mikhailovich Somov () (7 April 1908, Moscow - 30 December 1973, Leningrad) was a Soviet oceanologist, polar explorer, Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1954).
http://wn.com/Mikhail_Somov -
Naddodd
http://wn.com/Naddodd -
Nathaniel Palmer
Nathaniel Brown Palmer (8 August 1799 – 21 June 1877) was an American seal hunter, explorer, sailing captain, and ship designer. He was born in Stonington, Connecticut.
http://wn.com/Nathaniel_Palmer -
Neil Armstrong
http://wn.com/Neil_Armstrong -
Nikifor Begichev
http://wn.com/Nikifor_Begichev -
Nikolai Kolomeitsev
Nikolai Nikolaevich Kolomeitsev, also spelt Kolomeytsev () (16 July 1867 (near Kherson Ukraine) - 1944 in Paris) was a Russian naval officer and explorer of the Arctic.
http://wn.com/Nikolai_Kolomeitsev -
Nikolay Urvantsev
http://wn.com/Nikolay_Urvantsev -
Olav Bjaaland
http://wn.com/Olav_Bjaaland -
Oscar Wisting
Oscar Adolf Wisting (June 6, 1871 - December 5, 1936) was a Norwegian polar explorer.
http://wn.com/Oscar_Wisting -
Otto Nordenskiöld
http://wn.com/Otto_Nordenskiöld -
Otto Schmidt
Otto Yulyevich Schmidt () ( — September 7, 1956) was a Soviet scientist, mathematician, astronomer, geophysicist, statesman, academician, Hero of the USSR (27 June 1937), and member of the Communist Party.
http://wn.com/Otto_Schmidt -
Otto Sverdrup
Otto Neumann Knoph Sverdrup (31 October 1854 – 26 November 1930) was a Norwegian sailor and Arctic explorer.
http://wn.com/Otto_Sverdrup -
Pyotr Anjou
http://wn.com/Pyotr_Anjou -
Pyotr Shirshov
Pyotr Petrovich Shirshov () (December 25 (O.S. December 12), 1905, Ekaterinoslav - February 17, 1953, Moscow) was a Soviet oceanographer, hydrobiologist, polar explorer, statesman, academician (1939), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
http://wn.com/Pyotr_Shirshov -
Pytheas
http://wn.com/Pytheas -
Ralph Plaisted
http://wn.com/Ralph_Plaisted -
Reinhold Messner
:For the unrelated music album, see The Unauthorized Biography of Reinhold Messner
http://wn.com/Reinhold_Messner -
Richard Chancellor
Richard Chancellor (died 1556) was an English explorer and navigator; the first to penetrate to the White Sea and establish relations with Russia.
http://wn.com/Richard_Chancellor -
Richard Collinson
http://wn.com/Richard_Collinson -
Richard E. Byrd
http://wn.com/Richard_E_Byrd -
Richard Evelyn Byrd
http://wn.com/Richard_Evelyn_Byrd -
Roald Amundsen
http://wn.com/Roald_Amundsen -
Robert Falcon Scott
http://wn.com/Robert_Falcon_Scott -
Robert McClure
Sir Robert John Le Mesurier McClure (or '''M'Clure''') (28 January 1807 – 17 October 1873) was an Irish explorer of the Arctic.
http://wn.com/Robert_McClure -
Robert Peary
Robert Edwin Peary (May 6, 1856 – February 20, 1920) was an American explorer who claimed to have been the first person, on April 6, 1909, to reach the geographic North Pole. Peary's claim was widely credited for most of the 20th century, though it was criticized even in its own day and is today widely doubted.
http://wn.com/Robert_Peary -
Roy Koerner
Roy Koerner MBE was a Polar explorer who participated in what the then Prime Minister, Harold Wilson described as "a feat of endurance and courage which ranks with any in polar history", and Prince Philip feels "ranks among the greatest triumphs of human skill and endurance".
http://wn.com/Roy_Koerner -
Rudolf Samoylovich
Rudolf (Ruvim) Lazarevich Samoylovich () (September 13 (O.S. September 1), 1881, Azov - 1940?) was a Soviet polar explorer, professor (1928), and doctor of geographic sciences (1934).
http://wn.com/Rudolf_Samoylovich -
Semyon Dezhnyov
Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnyov (, commonly called Dezhnev in English; c. 1605 – 1672) was a Russian explorer of Siberia and the first European to sail through the Bering Strait. In 1648 he sailed from the Kolyma River on the Arctic Ocean to the Anadyr River on the Pacific. His exploit was forgotten for almost a hundred years and Vitus Bering is usually given credit for discovering the strait that bears his name.
http://wn.com/Semyon_Dezhnyov -
Shirase Nobu
http://wn.com/Shirase_Nobu -
Sir Edmund Hillary
http://wn.com/Sir_Edmund_Hillary -
Stepan Makarov
Stepan Osipovich Makarov (; — ) was a famous Russian vice-admiral, a highly accomplished and decorated commander of the Imperial Russian Navy, and a distinguished oceanographer, awarded by the Russian Academy of Sciences, and author of several books. According to his honour, "Shiritoru", where was a town in Sakhalin island, was renamed as Makarov in 1946.
http://wn.com/Stepan_Makarov -
Sverre Hassel
Sverre Helge Hassel (1876 - 1928) was a Norwegian polar explorer and one of the first five people to reach the South Pole.
http://wn.com/Sverre_Hassel -
Thomas Marmaduke
Thomas Marmaduke was an English explorer, sealer, and whaler in the early 17th century.
http://wn.com/Thomas_Marmaduke -
Tobias Furneaux
http://wn.com/Tobias_Furneaux -
Umberto Cagni
http://wn.com/Umberto_Cagni -
Umberto Nobile
Umberto Nobile (January 21, 1885 – July 30, 1978) was an Italian aeronautical engineer and Arctic explorer. Nobile was a developer and promoter of semi-rigid airships during the Golden Age of Aviation between the two World Wars. He is primarily remembered for designing and piloting the airship Norge, which may have been the first aircraft to reach the North Pole, and which was indisputably the first to fly across the polar ice cap from Europe to America. Nobile also designed and flew the Italia, a second polar airship; this second expedition ended in a deadly crash and provoked an international rescue effort.
http://wn.com/Umberto_Nobile -
Valerian Albanov
Valerian Ivanovich Albanov () (1881 - 1919) was a Russian navigator, best known for being one of only two survivors of the ill-fated Brusilov expedition of 1912.
http://wn.com/Valerian_Albanov -
Valery Chkalov
http://wn.com/Valery_Chkalov -
Vasili Pronchishchev
http://wn.com/Vasili_Pronchishchev -
Vasily Chichagov
Vasili Yakovlevich Chichagov () (February 28, 1726 – April 4, 1809) was an admiral in the Russian Navy and an explorer. He was the father of Pavel Chichagov, a Russian admiral during the Napoleonic Wars.
http://wn.com/Vasily_Chichagov -
Vitus Bering
http://wn.com/Vitus_Bering -
Vivian Fuchs
Sir Vivian Ernest Fuchs FRS (11 February 1908 – 11 November 1999) was an English explorer whose expeditionary team completed the first overland crossing of Antarctica in 1958.
http://wn.com/Vivian_Fuchs -
Vladimir Rusanov
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Rusanov -
Vladimir Wiese
http://wn.com/Vladimir_Wiese -
Wally Herbert
Sir Walter William "Wally" Herbert (24 October 1934 – 12 June 2007) was a British polar explorer, writer and artist. In 1969 he became the first man to walk undisputed to the North Pole, on the 60th anniversary of Robert Peary's famous, but disputed, expedition. He was described by Sir Ranulph Fiennes as "the greatest polar explorer of our time".
http://wn.com/Wally_Herbert -
Welland Phipps
Welland Wilford "Weldy" "Angayuroluk" Phipps (born: July 23, 1922 - died: October 22, 1996) was a military pilot and prisoner of war during World War II, a pioneer bush pilot, inventor and a territorial level politician.
http://wn.com/Welland_Phipps -
Will Steger
Will Steger (born 1943 in Richfield, Minnesota) is a prominent spokesperson for the understanding and preservation of the Arctic and has led some of the most significant feats in the field of dogsled expeditions; such as the first confirmed dogsled journey to the North Pole (without re-supply) in 1986, the 1,600-mile south-north traverse of Greenland - the longest unsupported dogsled expedition in history during 1988, the historic 3,471-mile International Trans-Antarctic Expedition - the first dogsled traverse of Antarctica (1989-90), and the International Arctic Project - the first and only dogsled traverse of the Arctic Ocean from Russia to Ellesmere Island in Canada during 1995.
http://wn.com/Will_Steger -
Willem Barentsz
http://wn.com/Willem_Barentsz -
William Baffin
William Baffin (died 23 January 1622) was an English navigator and explorer. Nothing is known of his early life, but it is conjectured that he was born in London of humble origin, and gradually raised himself by his diligence and perseverance. (Britannica 11th Edition gives a year of birth as 1584, but this is simply a guess, without any documentary basis.)
http://wn.com/William_Baffin -
William Edward Parry
: For the later admiral (1893-1972), see Edward Parry (Royal Navy officer); for the New Zealand politician see William Parry (New Zealand)
http://wn.com/William_Edward_Parry -
William Lashly
William Lashly (1867 - 1940) was a Royal Navy seaman who was a member of both of Robert Falcon Scott's Antarctic expeditions.
http://wn.com/William_Lashly -
William Scoresby
http://wn.com/William_Scoresby -
William Speirs Bruce
http://wn.com/William_Speirs_Bruce -
Yakov Gakkel
http://wn.com/Yakov_Gakkel -
Yakov Sannikov
Yakov Sannikov () (1780, Ust-Yansk - no earlier than 1812) was a Russian merchant and explorer of the New Siberian Islands.
http://wn.com/Yakov_Sannikov -
Yevgeny Fyodorov
Yevgeny Konstantinovich Fyodorov () (10 April (O.S. 28 March), 1910, Bendery - 30 December 1981) was a Soviet geophysicist, statesman, public figure, academician (1960), and Hero of the Soviet Union (1938).
http://wn.com/Yevgeny_Fyodorov -
Yevgeny Tolstikov
Yevgeny Ivanovich Tolstikov () (1913 - December, 1987) was a Soviet polar explorer, awarded by the Hero of the Soviet Union title. He led the Third Soviet Antarctic Expedition and one of the first manned drifting ice station in the Arctic.
http://wn.com/Yevgeny_Tolstikov
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Gucci Mane - North Pole (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:20
- Published: 26 Jan 2012
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
New official video from Gucci Mane "North Pole" off the upcoming mixtape "Trap Back" dropping on Super Bow Sunday (Feb 5th) here: www.datpiff.com (Video courtesy of Warner Music)
http://wn.com/Gucci_Mane_North_Pole_Official_Video
North Pole holiday expedition on the Nuclear Icebreaker Yamal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 10 Feb 2008
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
Amazing footage of my visit to the Geographic North Pole in 2001 on the nuclear icebreaker Yamal that was chartered by Quark Expeditions. All footage was captured on a standard Sony home camcorder and edited in Adobe Premiere. Also featured Franz Josef Land.
http://wn.com/North_Pole_holiday_expedition_on_the_Nuclear_Icebreaker_Yamal
Michael Palin's Pole to Pole: At the North Pole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Published: 20 Sep 2007
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Palin's epic adventure begins as he plants his pole in the ice and marvels at the challenge he is about to undertake. Watch more of Michael Palin's adventures from BBC Worldwide here www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Michael_Palin's_Pole_to_Pole_At_the_North_Pole
at the North Pole July 25
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:46
- Published: 05 Aug 2008
- Updated: 04 Jul 2012
a glorious sunny day at the North Pole on July 25... walk around on the ice ...
http://wn.com/at_the_North_Pole_July_25
Black hole on the north pole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:25
- Published: 06 Nov 2009
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Gucci Mane- "North Pole"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:37
- Published: 25 Dec 2011
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
soundclick.com @808Iz2Loud Gucci Mane- "North Pole" Gucci Mane- "North Pole" Gucci Mane- "North Pole" Gucci Mane- "North Pole"
http://wn.com/Gucci_Mane_North_Pole
Bye Bye Bicycle "Northpole" Official Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Published: 06 Mar 2010
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
The official music video of "Northpole" by Bye Bye Bicycle, from the album "Compass". (c) 2010 Bonjour Recordings.
http://wn.com/Bye_Bye_Bicycle_Northpole_Official_Music_Video
NORTH POLE ICE CRACKING (global warming, Arctic, climate)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:18
- Published: 30 May 2006
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
[More at www.nytimes.com sea ice at the North Pole is only a few feet thick. It floats on an ocean that is 14000 feet deep. And it's cracking under our feet. A global warming expert suggests what to do... Everything you hear -- all the chugging and huffing and banging -- is the ice beneath us. Read about it in my new book THE NORTH POLE WAS HERE. First Chapter free online at www.nytimes.com/learning/globalwarming I'm Andrew Revkin. I cover global warming and other environemtnal issues for The New York Times. Search for my stories on Al Gore's new movie, "An Inconvient Truth," on President Bush's climate policies, and more. My other multimedia work on the Arctic is here: www.nytimes.com/pages/science/sciencereport global warming global warming
http://wn.com/NORTH_POLE_ICE_CRACKING_global_warming,_Arctic,_climate
Arctic Trucks at the North Pole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:18
- Published: 30 Oct 2007
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Toyota Hilux modified by Arctic Trucks performing amazing driving in extreeme conditions.
http://wn.com/Arctic_Trucks_at_the_North_Pole
North Pole Web Cam 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:07
- Published: 19 Aug 2011
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
Deployed on an ice floe at the North Pole in Summer 2011 as part of the North Pole Environmental Observatory. In 2011, melt was very rapid in July, and the web cam tipped over on July 23 in the melted snow and ice. www.arctic.noaa.gov
http://wn.com/North_Pole_Web_Cam_2011
Final Fantasy X OST - People of the North Pole ~ Mt. Gagazet Theme
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:43
- Published: 11 Feb 2009
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
Stereo quality: www.youtube.com Music from the soundtrack of Final Fantasy X. Title: People of the North Pole Composer: Masashi Hamauzu If the higher quality link doesn't work, add &fmt=18 at the end of url to get better stereo quality. Check out my playlists for more songs of Final Fantasy X and other game music: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Final_Fantasy_X_OST_People_of_the_North_Pole_~_Mt_Gagazet_Theme
First video of historic North Pole swim
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Published: 26 Jul 2007
- Updated: 29 Jun 2012
British adventurer says it's a tragedy that global warming enabled him to swim at the Geographic North Pole Wednesday July 25th, 2007 As an environmental campaigner, Lewis Gordon Pugh, a 37-year old British lawyer and endurance swimmer, wanted to highlight the impact of climate change in the high Arctic. On July 15, he jumped into freezing waters at the Geographic North Pole and swam one kilometre in 18 minutes and 50 seconds. The temperature of 28.7 F(-1.8C) reportedly is the coldest water that a human has managed to swim in and survive. Pugh has earned the name "Polar Bear" because of his ability to raise his body temperature. Pugh swam in what is essentially an ice crack, a patch of open sea at the top of the world. Open water is becoming more common during the summer months. Many scientists believe that by 2040, the Arctic could be entirely ice-free during summer. According to the World Wildlife Fund, Arctic air temperatures may rise as much as 12 degrees C in the next 100 years. Pugh's swim was captured by a documentary crew.
http://wn.com/First_video_of_historic_North_Pole_swim
North Pole Inner Earth Expedition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:51
- Published: 25 Apr 2007
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
This is a teaser the North Pole Inner Earth Expedition film that you can purchase at www.phoenixsciencefoundation.org. Also visit our MySpace page at profile.myspace.com
http://wn.com/North_Pole_Inner_Earth_Expedition
North Pole Marathon 2007
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:17
- Published: 02 Feb 2008
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
A short video of the 2007 North Pole Marathon. Participants run a standard marathon of 26.2 miles on the Arctic ice floes and get to stand at the exact Geographic North Pole. It's the northernmost marathon on earth, a member of the Association of International Marathons & Road Races (AIMS) and contained in Guinness World Records. A trip of a lifetime.
http://wn.com/North_Pole_Marathon_2007
Lewis Pugh swims the North Pole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:54
- Published: 09 Sep 2009
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
www.ted.com Lewis Pugh talks about his record-breaking swim across the North Pole. He braved the icy waters (in a Speedo) to highlight the melting icecap. Watch for astonishing footage -- and some blunt commentary on the realities of supercold-water swims.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at http Watch a highlight reel of the Top 10 TEDTalks at www.ted.com
http://wn.com/Lewis_Pugh_swims_the_North_Pole
First UAE woman in North Pole trek
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Published: 06 May 2010
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Elham al-Qasimi recently traded her traditional long dress - common in her native United Arab Emirates - for a puffy parka in a quest to become the first Arab woman to reach the North Pole. The trip was unsupported and unassisted, meaning no motorised equipment was used and there were no resupplies along the way. Al-Qasimi narrated her experience to Al Jazeera. [May, 06, 2010]
http://wn.com/First_UAE_woman_in_North_Pole_trek
Lewis Gordon Pugh North Pole Challenge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Published: 13 Feb 2008
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Lewis Gordon Pugh became the first human to complete a long distance swim at the Geographic North Pole in nothing more than a Speedo, cap and goggles. By swimming in a region that was once completely covered in ice, Lewis showed the world that climate change is happening and we have the power to stop it.
http://wn.com/Lewis_Gordon_Pugh_North_Pole_Challenge
2012 & North Pole ~ Hollow Earth Expedition Pt.1/8
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Published: 04 Jan 2010
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
2012 & North Pole Expedition Doctor of Physics, Brooks Agnew discussed possible cataclysms that may occur around 2012, and offered an update on his planned North Pole Inner Earth Expedition. The current timetable is to embark on the expedition in August 2009, traveling to the Arctic region aboard a nuclear powered icebreaker. A helicopter and ship stored in the icebreaker will be used to advance scout for a hole that might exist in the curvature of the crust, he detailed. Agnew said ancient Mesoamericans described visits from the 'Shining Ones'-- possible ETs, who may have given them the knowledge of astronomy, architecture and agriculture. One of the Mayans' complex calendrical systems ends in 2012, coinciding with the Earth aligning with a black hole in the center of the galaxy, he outlined. This positioning will cause planets to heat up in the solar system, and potentially wreak havoc with our climate, he said. A pole shift could take place within a short time period-- 3 to 5 days, and the reversal of Northern and Southern hemispheric patterns could set up a "global superstorm," with 300 mph winds lasting up to a month, Agnew warned. www.coasttocoastam.com www.arkofmillionsofyears.com Books: The Ark of Millions of Years Volume Two: 2012 and the Harvest of the End Times www.amazon.com The Ark of Millions of Years: Volume Three www.amazon.com For more Videos like these subscribe to my channel and also visit: www.disclose.tv
http://wn.com/2012_North_Pole_~_Hollow_Earth_Expedition_Pt1_8
North Pole - an expedition to the top of the world
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 19 May 2010
- Updated: 24 May 2012
The second leg of my history-making Save the Poles expedition, the North Pole expedition was anything but easy. It took our three-man team 51 days to cover the 500 miles from Cape Discovery Ellesmere Island to the Geographic North Pole. Very few people have completed full North Pole expeditions due to it's inaccessibility, arduous terrain and extreme cold.
http://wn.com/North_Pole_an_expedition_to_the_top_of_the_world
Toyota's mighty Hilux drives to North Pole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:55
- Published: 03 Mar 2009
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Is there no driving challenge beyond the scope of Toyotas mighty Hilux? The legendary pick-up has completed a journey across Antarctica to the South Pole, further proving the go-anywhere qualities that helped it become the first car to be driven to the Magnetic North Pole in the 2007 Top Gear Polar Challenge. This video reveals what modifications are required to make the journey...........
http://wn.com/Toyota's_mighty_Hilux_drives_to_North_Pole
North Pole
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:01
- Published: 20 Feb 2010
- Updated: 03 Jun 2012
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the northern hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets the Earth's surface. It should not be confused with the North Magnetic Pole. The North Pole is the northernmost point on Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of True North. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value. While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amidst waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, have constructed a number of manned drifting stations, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole. In recent years, a number of studies have predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free due to Arctic shrinkage, with timescales varying from a few years to fifty years or more. The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at 4261 metres (13980 ft). The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about 700 km (440 mi) away, though some perhaps non-permanent <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/North_Pole
Missing Area at North Pole in Google Earth
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:13
- Published: 20 May 2011
- Updated: 26 May 2012
This video shows a "missing area" near the north pole in Google Earth. Is this some kind of coverup? What are "they" hiding from us? Is this the other top secret "Area 51"B"? Maybe it's an alien UFO landing strip? But seriously, if this was really some kind of conspiracy/coverup, wouldn't they just fill the area with more white? And more to the point, if the "missing area" in Google Sky was part of some conspiracy/coverup, wouldn't they just paste some imagery of some stars into this area so most people wouldn't notice the missing area?
http://wn.com/Missing_Area_at_North_Pole_in_Google_Earth
CSI: North Pole Outtakes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:22
- Published: 14 Dec 2007
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
These are outtakes that we couldn't fit in the final version of the show.
http://wn.com/CSI_North_Pole_Outtakes
NOAA
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photo: dapd / Axel Schmidt
25 Jul 2012
Greenland's surface ice cover melted this month over a larger area than ever detected in more than 30 years of satellite observations, NASA has said. According to measurements from three separate...
photo: Creative Commons / WhisperToMe
25 Jul 2012
There have been several developments following the disclosure of a substantial unstated financial relationship between Charles Groat, who supervised a University of Texas Energy Institute study of...
North Pole businesses worry losing Eielson F-16s
29 Jul 2012
Dayton Daily News
Business owners in the North Pole area are breathing a sigh of relief after the Air Force announced it would halt plans to relocate an F-16 squadron away from Eielson Air Force Base. A new decision on the topic expected in 2015, however, has the community keeping a nervous eye on the decision-making...(size: 3.7Kb)
Zesco Charges for 'North Pole'
28 Jul 2012
All Africa
[Times of Zambia]THREE-TIME league...(size: 0.2Kb)
MSNBC
COPENHAGEN — Denmark will dispatch a scientific expedition to the Arctic Ocean at the end of the month to gather data before it submits a formal claim to a vast tract north of Greenland that includes the North Pole. Such a claim would be made under the United Nations Convention on the...(size: 4.5Kb)
Troopers have suspects in North Pole theft spree
22 Jul 2012
San Francisco Chronicle
FAIRBANKS, Alaska (AP) — Alaska State Troopers say they have a pair of suspects in connection with a North Pole theft spree....(size: 0.8Kb)
‘North Pole South Pole’ Game Takes Top Honor at CLIF Kid Backyard Game of the Year Playoffs
18 Jul 2012
Business Wire
Celebrity Guest Judges Olympic Gold Medalist Jonny Moseley, News Anchor Dana King and Best-Selling Author Richard Louv Name Grand Prize Winner EMERYVILLE, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--CLIF Kid®, maker of organic snacks for active kids, awarded “North Pole South Pole,” created by Abigail, age seven, of...(size: 8.2Kb)
North Pole man gets 9 years on meth charge
13 Jul 2012
San Francisco Chronicle
ANCHORAGE, Alaska (AP) — A 41-year-old North Pole man will spend...(size: 0.4Kb)
It’s not the North Pole, folks!
13 Jul 2012
Khaleej Times
ITÂ’S FUNNY how some people think that Canada has winter all year round! When you tell them you live in the Great White North, a pitying look comes over their faces. Politely they ask questions like 'How cold does it get?' or 'How do you like the weather?' They may not say it aloud but you can hear...(size: 3.8Kb)
Small Plane Crashes into North Pole Power Pole
08 Jul 2012
MSNBC
State troopers say power and phone service was knocked out for several hours this morning after a small plane crashed...(size: 0.8Kb)
The Examiner
Below are the various craft events going on in Tucson during the weekend of Saturday, July 7 and Sunday, July 8, 2012. Children's Museum Tucson Events Fourth of July - Make a sticky fireworks project at this event at 11:30 a.m. on Saturday, July 7, 2012. Science Sunday - This week's event includes...(size: 6.5Kb)
Crunch
Innovation Space NASA Space The first complete picture of the Earth as seen from above the North Pole has been released by Nasa. The beautiful picture, taken at a height of 512 miles, depicts the Arctic as well as Asia, E... The first complete picture of the Earth as seen from above the North Pole...(size: 19.8Kb)
For other uses, see North Pole (disambiguation).
Coordinates: 90°N 0°W / 90°N 0°W / 90; -0
The North Pole, also known as the Geographic North Pole or Terrestrial North Pole, is, subject to the caveats explained below, defined as the point in the Northern Hemisphere where the Earth's axis of rotation meets its surface. It should not be confused with the North Magnetic Pole.
The North Pole is the northernmost point on Earth, lying diametrically opposite the South Pole. It defines geodetic latitude 90° North, as well as the direction of true north. At the North Pole all directions point south; all lines of longitude converge there, so its longitude can be defined as any degree value.
While the South Pole lies on a continental land mass, the North Pole is located in the middle of the Arctic Ocean amid waters that are almost permanently covered with constantly shifting sea ice. This makes it impractical to construct a permanent station at the North Pole (unlike the South Pole). However, the Soviet Union, and later Russia, have constructed a number of manned drifting stations on a generally annual basis since 1937, some of which have passed over or very close to the Pole. In recent years, a number of studies have predicted that the North Pole may become seasonally ice-free due to Arctic shrinkage, with timescales varying from next year[1][2] to fifty years or more.
The sea depth at the North Pole has been measured at 4,261 m (13,980 ft) by the Russian Mir submersible in 2007[3] and at 4,087 m (13,410 ft) by USS Nautilus in 1958.[4][5] The nearest land is usually said to be Kaffeklubben Island, off the northern coast of Greenland about 700 km (430 mi) away, though some perhaps non-permanent gravel banks lie slightly closer. The nearest permanently inhabited place is Alert in the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada, which is located 817 km (508 mi) from the Pole.
Contents |
Precise definition[link]
See also: Polar motion
The Earth's axis of rotation – and hence the position of the North Pole – was commonly believed to be fixed (relative to the surface of the Earth) until, in the 18th century, the mathematician Leonhard Euler predicted that the axis might "wobble" slightly. Around the beginning of the 20th century astronomers noticed a small apparent "variation of latitude," as determined for a fixed point on Earth from the observation of stars. Part of this variation could be attributed to a wandering of the Pole across the Earth's surface, by a range of a few meters. The wandering has several periodic components and an irregular component. The component with a period of about 435 days is identified with the 8 month wandering predicted by Euler and is now called the Chandler wobble after its discoverer. The exact point of intersection of the Earth's axis and the Earth's surface, at any given moment, is called the "instantaneous pole", but because of the "wobble" this cannot be used as a definition of a fixed North Pole (or South Pole) when metre-scale precision is required.
It is desirable to tie the system of Earth coordinates (latitude, longitude, and elevations or orography) to fixed landforms. Of course, given plate tectonics and isostasy, there is no system in which all geographic features are fixed. Yet the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service and the International Astronomical Union have defined a framework called the International Terrestrial Reference System.
Expeditions[link]
See also: Arctic exploration, Farthest North, List of Arctic expeditions, and List of firsts in the Geographic North Pole
Pre-1900[link]
As early as the 16th century, many eminent people correctly believed that the North Pole was in a sea, which in the 19th century was called the Polynya or Open Polar Sea.[6] It was therefore hoped that passage could be found through ice floes at favorable times of the year. Several expeditions set out to find the way, generally with whaling ships, already commonly used in the cold northern latitudes.
One of the earliest expeditions to set out with the explicit intention of reaching the North Pole was that of British naval officer William Edward Parry, who in 1827 reached latitude 82°45′ North. In 1871 the Polaris expedition, a US attempt on the Pole led by Charles Francis Hall, ended in disaster. Another British Royal Navy attempt on the pole, part of the British Arctic Expedition, by Commander Albert H. Markham reached a then-record 83°20'26" North in May 1876 before turning back. An 1879–1881 expedition commanded by US naval officer George W. DeLong ended tragically when their ship the USS Jeanette, was crushed by ice. Over half the crew, including DeLong, were lost.
In April 1895 the Norwegian explorers Fridtjof Nansen and Hjalmar Johansen struck out for the Pole on skis after leaving Nansen's icebound ship Fram. The pair reached latitude 86°14′ North before they abandoned the attempt and turned southwards, eventually reaching Franz Josef Land.
In 1897 Swedish engineer Salomon August Andrée and two companions tried to reach the North Pole in the hydrogen balloon Örnen ("Eagle"), but were stranded 300 km (190 mi) north of Kvitøya, the northeasternmost part of the Svalbard archipelago, and perished on this lonely island. In 1930 the remains of this expedition were found by the Norwegian Bratvaag Expedition.
The Italian explorer Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi and Captain Umberto Cagni of the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) sailed the converted whaler Stella Polare ("Pole Star") from Norway in 1899. On March 11, 1900 Cagni led a party over the ice and reached latitude 86° 34’ on April 25, setting a new record by beating Nansen's result of 1895 by 35 to 40 km (22 to 25 mi). Cagni barely managed to return to the camp, remaining there until June 23. On August 16 the Stella Polare left Rudolf Island heading south and the expedition returned to Norway.
1900–1940[link]
The US explorer Frederick Cook claimed to have reached the North Pole on 21 April 1908 with two Inuit men, Ahwelah and Etukishook, but he was unable to produce convincing proof and his claim is not widely accepted.[8]
The conquest of the North Pole was for many years credited to US Navy engineer Robert Peary, who claimed to have reached the Pole on 6 April 1909, accompanied by Matthew Henson and four Inuit men, Ootah, Seeglo, Egingwah, and Ooqueah. However, Peary's claim remains controversial. Those who accompanied Peary on the final stage of the journey were not trained in navigation, and thus could not independently confirm his navigational work, which some claim to have been particularly sloppy as he approached the Pole.
The distances and speeds that Peary claimed to have achieved once the last support party turned back seem incredible to many people, almost three times that which he had accomplished up to that point. Peary's account of a journey to the Pole and back while traveling along the direct line – the only strategy that is consistent with the time constraints that he was facing – is contradicted by Henson's account of tortuous detours to avoid pressure ridges and open leads.
The British explorer Wally Herbert, initially a supporter of Peary, researched Peary's records in 1989 and concluded that they must have been falsified and that Peary had not reached the Pole.[9] Support for Peary came again in 2005, however, when British explorer Tom Avery and four companions recreated the outward portion of Peary's journey with replica wooden sleds and Canadian Eskimo Dog teams, reaching the North Pole in 36 days, 22 hours – nearly five hours faster than Peary. However, Avery's fastest 5-day march was 90 nautical miles, significantly short of the 135 claimed by Peary. Avery writes on his web site that "The admiration and respect which I hold for Robert Peary, Matthew Henson and the four Inuit men who ventured North in 1909, has grown enormously since we set out from Cape Columbia. Having now seen for myself how he travelled across the pack ice, I am more convinced than ever that Peary did indeed discover the North Pole."[10]
Another rejection of Peary's claim arrived in 2009, when E. Myles Standish of the California Institute of Technology, an experienced referee of scientific claims, reported numerous alleged lacunae and inconsistencies.[11]
The first claimed flight over the Pole was made on 9 May 1926 by US naval officer Richard E. Byrd and pilot Floyd Bennett in a Fokker tri-motor aircraft. Although verified at the time by a committee of the National Geographic Society, this claim has since been undermined[12] by the 1996 revelation that Byrd's long-hidden diary's solar sextant data (which the NGS never checked) consistently contradict his June 1926 report's parallel data by over 100 mi (160 km).[13] The secret report's alleged en-route solar sextant data were inadvertently so impossibly overprecise that he excised all these alleged raw solar observations out of the version of the report finally sent to geographical societies five months later (while the original version was hidden for 70 years), a realization first published in 2000 by the University of Cambridge after scrupulous refereeing.[14]
According to Standish, "Anyone who is acquainted with the facts and has any amount of logical reasoning can not avoid the conclusion that neither Cook, nor Peary, nor Byrd reached the North Pole; and they all knew it."[11]
According to some, the first consistent, verified, and scientifically convincing attainment of the Pole was on 12 May 1926, by Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his US sponsor Lincoln Ellsworth from the airship Norge.[15] Norge, though Norwegian-owned, was designed and piloted by the Italian Umberto Nobile. The flight started from Svalbard in Norway, and crossed the Arctic Ocean to Alaska. Nobile, with several scientists and crew from the Norge, overflew the Pole a second time on 24 May 1928, in the airship Italia. The Italia crashed on its return from the Pole, with the loss of half the crew.
In May 1937 the world's first North Pole ice station, North Pole-1, was established by Soviet scientists 20 kilometres (13 mi) from the North Pole. The expedition members: oceanographer Pyotr Shirshov, meteorologist Yevgeny Fyodorov, radio operator Ernst Krenkel, and the leader Ivan Papanin[16] conducted scientific research at the station for the next nine months. By 19 February 1938, when the group was picked up by the ice breakers Taimyr and Murman, their station had drifted 2850 km to the eastern coast of Greenland.[17][18]
1940–2000[link]
In May 1945 an RAF Lancaster of the Aries expedition became the first Commonwealth aircraft to overfly the North Geographic and North Magnetic Poles. The plane was piloted by David Cecil McKinley of the Royal Air Force. It carried an 11-man crew, with Kenneth C. Maclure of the Royal Canadian Air Force in charge of all scientific observations. In 2006, Maclure was honoured with a spot in Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame.[19]
Discounting Peary's disputed claim, the first men to set foot at the North Pole were a Soviet party[20] including geophysicists Mikhail Ostrekin and Pavel Senko, oceanographers Mikhail Somov and Pavel Gordienko,[21] and other scientists and flight crew (24 people in total)[22] of Aleksandr Kuznetsov's Sever-2 expedition (March-May 1948).[23] It was organized by the Chief Directorate of the Northern Sea Route.[24] The party flew on three planes (pilots Ivan Cherevichnyy, Vitaly Maslennikov and Ilya Kotov) from Kotelny Island to the North Pole and landed there at 4:44pm (Moscow Time, UTC+04:00) on April 23, 1948.[25] They established a temporary camp and for the next two days conducted scientific observations. On April 26 the expedition flew back to the continent.
Next year, on May 9, 1949,[26] two other Soviet scientists (Vitali Volovich and Andrei Medvedev)[27] became the first people to parachute onto the North Pole.[28] They jumped from Douglas C-47 Skytrain, registered CCCP H-369.[29]
On May 3, 1952, U.S. Air Force Lieutenant Colonel Joseph O. Fletcher and Lieutenant William Pershing Benedict, along with scientist Albert P. Crary, landed a modified Douglas C-47 Skytrain at the North Pole. Some Western sources considered this to be the first landing at the Pole[30] until the Soviet landings became widely known.
_surfaced_in_Arctic_-_1959.jpg)
The United States Navy submarine USS Nautilus (SSN-571) crossed the North Pole on August 3, 1958. On March 17, 1959, the USS Skate (SSN-578) surfaced at the Pole, becoming the first naval vessel to do so.[31]
Setting aside Peary's claim, the first confirmed surface conquest of the North Pole was that of Ralph Plaisted, Walt Pederson, Gerry Pitzl and Jean Luc Bombardier, who traveled over the ice by snowmobile and arrived on April 19, 1968. The United States Air Force independently confirmed their position.
On April 6, 1969, Wally Herbert and companions Allan Gill, Roy Koerner and Kenneth Hedges of the British Trans-Arctic Expedition became the first men to reach the North Pole on foot (albeit with the aid of dog teams and airdrops). They continued on to complete the first surface crossing of the Arctic Ocean – and by its longest axis, Barrow, Alaska to Svalbard – a feat that has never been repeated.[32][33] Because of suggestions (later proven false) of Plaisted's use of air transport, some sources classify Herbert's expedition as the first confirmed to reach the North Pole over the ice surface by any means.[33][34] In the 1980's, Plaisted's pilots Weldy Phipps and Ken Lee signed affidavits asserting that no such airlift was provided.[35] It is also said that Herbert was the first person to reach the pole of inaccessibility.[36]
On August 17, 1977, the Soviet nuclear-powered icebreaker Arktika completed the first surface vessel journey to the North Pole.
In 1982 Ranulph Fiennes and Charles R. Burton became the first people to cross the Arctic Ocean in a single season. They departed from Cape Crozier, Ellesmere Island, on February 17, 1982 and arrived at the geographic North Pole on April 10, 1982. They travelled on foot and snowmobile. From the Pole, they travelled towards Svalbard but, due to the unstable nature of the ice, ended their crossing at the ice edge after drifting south on an ice floe for 99 days. They were eventually able to walk to their expedition ship MV Benjamin Bowring and boarded it on August 4, 1982 at position 80:31N 00:59W. As a result of this journey, which formed a section of the three-year Transglobe Expedition 1979–1982, Fiennes and Burton became the first people to complete a circumnavigation of the world via both North and South Poles, by surface travel alone. This achievement remains unchallenged to this day.
In 1985, Sir Edmund Hillary (the first man to stand on the summit of Mount Everest) and Neil Armstrong (the first man to stand on the moon) landed at the North Pole in a small twin-engined ski plane. Hillary thus became the first man to stand at both poles and on the summit of Everest.
In 1986, Will Steger, with seven teammates, became the first to be confirmed as reaching the Pole by dogsled and without resupply.
On September 7, 1991, the German research vessel Polarstern and the Swedish icebreaker Oden reached the North Pole as the first conventional powered vessels.[37] Both scientific parties and crew took oceanographic and geological samples and had a common tug of war and a football game on an ice floe. Polarstern again reached the pole exactly 10 years later[38] with the Healy.
21st century[link]
File:Chralotte Northpole.jpg
USS Charlotte at the North Pole in 2005
In recent years, journeys to the North Pole by air (landing by helicopter or on a runway prepared on the ice) or by icebreaker have become relatively routine, and are even available to small groups of tourists through adventure holiday companies. Parachute jumps have frequently been made onto the North Pole in recent years.
The first attempt at underwater exploration of the North Pole was made by a Russian firefighter and diver Andrei Rozhkov with a support of Diving Club of Moscow State University on April 22, 1998 but ended in fatality. The next attempted dive at the North Pole was organized by the same club next year, on April 24, 1999, and was successful. The divers were Michael Wolff (Austria), Brett Cormick (UK) and Bob Wass (USA).[39]
In 2005, the United States Navy submarine USS Charlotte (SSN-766) surfaced through 155 cm (61 in) of ice at the North Pole and spent 18 hours there.[40]
In July 2007, British endurance swimmer Lewis Gordon Pugh completed a 1 km (0.62 mi) swim at the North Pole. His feat, undertaken to highlight the effects of climate change, took place in clear water that had opened up between the ice floes.[41] His later attempt to paddle a kayak to the North Pole in late 2008, following the erroneous prediction of clear water to the Pole, was stymied when his expedition found itself stuck in thick ice after only three days. The expedition was then abandoned.
By September 2007 the North Pole had been visited 66 times by different surface ships: 54 times by Soviet and Russian icebreakers, 4 times by Swedish Oden, 3 times by German RV Polarstern, 3 times by USCGC Healy and USCGC Polar Sea, and once by CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and by Norwegian Vidar Viking.[42]
2007 descent to the North Pole seabed[link]
Main article: Arktika 2007
On August 2, 2007, a Russian scientific expedition Arktika 2007 made the first ever manned descent to the ocean bottom at the North Pole, to a depth of 4.3 km (2.7 mi), as part of a research programme in support of Russia's 2001 extended continental shelf claim to a large swathe of the Arctic Ocean bottom. The descent took place in two MIR submersibles and was led by Soviet and Russian polar explorer Artur Chilingarov. In a symbolic act of visitation, the Russian flag was placed on the seabed at the exact position of the Pole.[43][44][45][46]
The expedition is the latest in a decades-long series of moves by Russia intended to show that it is the dominant influence in the Arctic.[47] The warming Arctic climate and summer retreat of sea ice there has suddenly turned the attention of countries from China to the United States toward the top of the world, where resources and shipping routes may soon be exploitable.[48]
MLAE-2009 Expedition[link]
In 2009 Russian expedition MLAE-2009 reached the North Pole in two custom built amphibious "Yemelya" vehicles[49] designed by the prominent Russian explorer, adventurer and engineer Vasily Elagin. The expedition has been organized by the Russian Geographical Society[50] and the Russian Book of Records recorded the journey as the first expedition in the history of Arctic exploration to reach the Geographic North Pole using wheeled land auto vehicles. MLAE-2009 expedition crew reached the North Pole on April 26th 2009 at 1730 (Moscow time). A subsequent expedition, MLAE-2011, followed two years later in 2011.
Day and night[link]
The sun at the North Pole is continuously above the horizon during the summer and continuously below the horizon during the winter. Sunrise is just before the March equinox (around March 19); the sun then takes three months to reach its highest point of near 23½° elevation at the summer solstice (around June 21), after which time it begins to sink, reaching sunset just after the September equinox (around September 24). When the sun is visible in the polar sky, it appears to move in a horizontal circle above the horizon. This circle gradually rises from near the horizon just after the vernal equinox to its maximum elevation (in degrees) above the horizon at summer solstice and then sinks back toward the horizon before sinking below it at the autumnal equinox.
A civil twilight period of about two weeks occurs before sunrise and after sunset, a nautical twilight period of about five weeks occurs before sunrise and after sunset and an astronomical twilight period of about seven weeks occurs before sunrise and after sunset.
These effects are caused by a combination of the Earth's axial tilt and its revolution around the sun. The direction of the Earth's axial tilt, as well as its angle relative to the plane of the Earth's orbit around the sun, remains very nearly constant over the course of a year (both change very slowly over long time periods). At northern midsummer the North Pole is facing towards the sun to its maximum extent. As the year progresses and the Earth moves around the sun, the North Pole gradually turns away from the sun until at midwinter it is facing away from the Sun to its maximum extent. A similar sequence is observed at the South Pole, with a six-month time difference.
Time[link]
In most places on Earth, local time is determined by longitude, such that the time of day is more-or-less synchronised to the position of the sun in the sky (for example, at midday the sun is roughly at its highest). This line of reasoning fails at the North Pole, where the sun rises and sets only once per year, and all lines of longitude, and hence all time zones, converge. There is no permanent human presence at the North Pole, and no particular time zone has been assigned. Polar expeditions may use any time zone that is convenient, such as Greenwich Mean Time, or the time zone of the country they departed from.
Climate[link]
The North Pole is significantly warmer than the South Pole because it lies at sea level in the middle of an ocean (which acts as a reservoir of heat), rather than at altitude in a continental land mass.
Winter (January) temperatures at the North Pole can range from about −43 °C (−45 °F) to −26 °C (−15 °F), perhaps averaging around −34 °C (−29 °F). Summer temperatures (June, July and August) average around the freezing point (0 °C (32 °F)). The highest temperature yet recorded is 5 °C (41 °F), much warmer than the South Pole's record high of only −13.5 °C (7.7 °F).[51]
The sea ice at the North Pole is typically around 2 to 3 m (6 ft 7 in to 9 ft 10 in) thick,[52] although ice thickness, its spatial extent, and the fraction of open water within the ice pack can vary rapidly and profoundly in response to weather and climate.[53] Studies have shown that the average ice thickness has decreased in recent years.[54] It is likely that global warming has contributed to this, but it is not possible to attribute the recent abrupt decrease in thickness entirely to the observed warming in the Arctic.[55] Reports have also predicted that within a few decades the Arctic Ocean will be entirely free of ice in the summer.[56] This may have significant commercial implications; see "Territorial Claims," below.
The retreat of the Arctic sea ice will accelerate global warming, as less ice cover reflects less solar radiation, and may have serious climate implications by contributing to Arctic cyclone generation.[57]
Flora and fauna[link]
Polar bears are believed rarely to travel beyond about 82° North owing to the scarcity of food, though tracks have been seen in the vicinity of the North Pole, and a 2006 expedition reported sighting a polar bear just 1 mi (1.6 km) from the Pole.[58][59] The ringed seal has also been seen at the Pole, and Arctic foxes have been observed less than 60 km (37 mi) away at 89°40′ N.[60][61]
Birds seen at or very near the Pole include the Snow Bunting, Northern Fulmar and Black-legged Kittiwake, though some bird sightings may be distorted by the tendency of birds to follow ships and expeditions.[62]
Fish have been seen in the waters at the North Pole, but these are probably few in number.[62] A member of the Russian team that descended to the North Pole seabed in August 2007 reported seeing no sea creatures living there.[44] However, it was later reported that a sea anemone had been scooped up from the seabed mud by the Russian team and that video footage from the dive showed unidentified shrimps and amphipods.[63]
Territorial claims to the North Pole and Arctic regions[link]
Main article: Territorial claims in the Arctic
Under international law, no country currently owns the North Pole or the region of the Arctic Ocean surrounding it. The five surrounding Arctic countries, Russia, Canada, Norway, Denmark (via Greenland), and the United States (via Alaska), are limited to a 200-nautical-mile (370 km; 230 mi) exclusive economic zone around their coasts, and the area beyond that is administered by the International Seabed Authority.
Upon ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, a country has a ten year period to make claims to an extended continental shelf beyond its 200 mile exclusive economic zone. If accepted, such a claim gives the claimant state rights to what may be on or beneath the sea bottom within the claimed zone.[64] Norway (ratified the convention in 1996[65]), Russia (ratified in 1997[65]), Canada (ratified in 2003[65]) and Denmark (ratified in 2004[65]) have all launched projects to base claims that certain areas of Arctic continental shelves should be subject to their sole sovereign exploitation.[66][67]
In 1907 Canada invoked a "sector principle" to claim sovereignty over a sector stretching from its coasts to the North Pole. Although this claim has not been relinquished, neither has it been consistently pressed.[68]
Cultural associations[link]
In some Western cultures, the geographic North Pole is described as being the location of the workshop and residence of Santa Claus, although the depictions have been inconsistent between the geographic and magnetic North Pole. Canada Post has assigned postal code H0H 0H0 to the North Pole (referring to Santa's traditional exclamation of "Ho ho ho!").[69]
This association reflects an age-old esoteric mythology of Hyperborea that posits the North Pole, the otherworldly world-axis, as the abode of God and superhuman beings (see Joscelyn Godwin, Arktos: The Polar Myth). The popular figure of the pole-dwelling Santa Claus thus functions as an archetype of spiritual purity and transcendence.[70] As Henry Corbin has documented, the North Pole plays a key part in the cultural worldview of Sufism and Iranian mysticism. "The Orient sought by the mystic, the Orient that cannot be located on our maps, is in the direction of the north, beyond the north."[71]
Owing to its remoteness, the Pole is sometimes identified with a mysterious mountain of ancient Islamic tradition called Mount Qaf (Jabal Qaf), the "farthest point of the earth".[72][73] According to certain authors, the Jabal Qaf of Muslim cosmology is a version of Rupes Nigra, a mountain whose ascent, like Dante's climbing of the Mountain of Purgatory, represents the pilgrim's progress through spiritual states.[74] In Iranian theosophy, the heavenly Pole, the focal point of the spiritual ascent, acts as a magnet to draw beings to its "palaces ablaze with immaterial matter." [75]
Fantasy flights often refer to a flight to the North Pole for these same reasons.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ . http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-13002706.
- ^ . http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/05/us-canada-arctic-idUSTRE52468B20090305.
- ^ Russian sub plants flag at North Pole, Reuters, Aug 2, 2007
- ^ Андерсон, Уильям Роберт (1965). "«Наутилус» у Северного полюса". Воениздат. http://militera.lib.ru/memo/usa/anderson_w/18.html. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- ^ Mouton, M.W. (1968). "The International Regime of the Polar Regions". Acadimie de Droit International de La Ha. pp. 202 (34). http://books.google.ru/books?id=7rftTUAUXOIC&pg=PA202&dq=Anderson+4087+depth+north+pole&hl=ru&sa=X&ei=JfMNT6atDqzN4QT-n6CYBg&ved=0CDcQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Anderson%204087%20depth%20north%20pole&f=false. Retrieved 2012-01-12.
- ^ John K. Wright Geographical Review, Vol. 43, No. 3. (Jul., 1953), pp. 338–365 "The Open Polar Sea"
- ^ "At the North Pole, 6–7 April 1909: Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage Web". Heritage.nf.ca. http://www.heritage.nf.ca/exploration/pearyfrontis.html. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ Robert Bryce Cook and Peary: the Polar Controversy Resolved Stackpole 1997; Henderson, B. (2005) True North W W Norton & Company ISBN 0-393-32738-8
- ^ "Obituary, ''The Independent'' 16 June 2007". Independent.co.uk. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/sir-wally-herbert-453324.html. Retrieved 16 February.
- ^ Tom Avery website, retrieved May 2007
- ^ a b Roald Amundsen First to Each Pole - Three Prior North Pole Claims: Each Unproven & Highly Suspect
- ^ The North Pole Flight of Richard E. Byrd: An Overview of the Controversy, Byrd Polar Research Center of The Ohio State University. See also DIO Vol.10 [2000] (refereed both at University of Cambridge and by the DIO board), which reveals errors of grade school arithmetic in the Byrd-defenses of W.Molett (pp. 55 & 98) and consultant J.Portney (pp. 73-75), neither of whom attempts to explain Byrd's surgical censoring of his original June report, or his and the National Geographic's hiding of said report for decades. Similarly, Avery's chimeral try at replicating the Peary 1909 trip via 2005 ice, may divert from but cannot explain Peary's data-blanks, data-alterations, nor why he, when reading his diary to Congress on 7 January 1911, understandably deleted (only) its sole attempt at explaining (crudely and inadequately) his steering: "setting course by moon, our shadows etc". See Washington Post 20 April 1989. Compare diary 2 April 1909 to p. 302 of the Peary Hearings: complete verbatim copy at 1916 Congressional Record Vol.53 Appendix pp. 293-327.
- ^ Did Byrd Reach Pole? His Diary Hints 'No'
- ^ D.Rawlins Polar Record (Scott Polar Research Institute) vol.36 pp. 25-50. SPRI's preface: the paper "is considered to be of such significance to the community that it has been published here despite an expanded version being published this same month in DIO." Both versions (p. 38 & p. 59, respectively) note that while Byrd's New York ticker-tape parade and his National Geographic Society gold medal presentation were on 23 June 1926, the NGS exam of his later-hidden original report was from early 23 June through late 28 June (six days, mistakenly cited as "five consecutive days" in the report), a chronology so revealing that the September National Geographic pp. 384-385 stripped out the dates (only) from the NGS' own report, which fortunately was published uncensored (thanks to the Secretary of the Navy) at New York Times 30 June, p. 5.
- ^ Who Was First at the North Pole?
- ^ "North Pole Drifting Stations (1930s-1980s)". Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 2011-08-17. http://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=66677. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
- ^ Lockerby, Patrick (15 July 2010). "Arctic Heroes #2 - North Pole 1". http://www.science20.com/chatter_box/arctic_heroes_2_north_pole_1. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ Armstrong, Terence (2011). "The Russians in the Arctic". Nabu Press. ISBN 978-1-245-58209-4. http://www.archive.org/details/russiansinthearc006180mbp. Retrieved 8 January 2012.
- ^ The Aries Flights Of 1945, Hugh A. Halliday, Legion Magazine
- ^ Mills, William James (2003). "Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia". ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-57607-422-0. http://books.google.ru/books?id=PYdBH4dOOM4C&lpg=PA7&ots=hcB3tSAthd&dq=April%2023%2C%201948%20kuznetsov&hl=ru&pg=PA7#v=onepage&q=April%2023%2C%201948%20kuznetsov&f=false. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Советские граждане были доставлены на точку Северного полюса, где, образно говоря, проходит земная ось". Вокруг Света. http://www.vokrugsveta.ru/chronograph/910/. Retrieved 2012-01-08.
- ^ "Concise chronology of approach to the poles". Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI). 2001-02. http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/resources/infosheets/21.html. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Высокоширотная воздушная экспедиция "Север-2" (1948 г.)". ФГБУ "Арктический и антарктический научно-исследовательский институт" (ФГБУ "ААНИИ"). 2005-2008. http://www.aari.nw.ru/resources/d0014/vve/#v48. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ Уфаркин, Николай Васильевич. "Черевичный Иван Иванович". Патриотический интернет проект "Герои Страны". http://www.warheroes.ru/hero/hero.asp?Hero_id=1592. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ Логинов, Дмитрий. "Великий полярный водоворот просыпается". http://readr.ru/dmitriy-loginov-velikiy-polyarniy-vodovorot-prosipaetsya.html. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Volovich Vitaly Georgievich". Polar World. http://www.skypole.ru/about/volovitch_e.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ Barlow, John Matthew (2010-07-29). "The Cold War in the Arctic". Canadian Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute (CDFAI). http://www.cdfai.org/PDF/The%20Cold%20War%20in%20the%20Arctic.pdf. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ "Arctic Aerial Exploration". http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/pathfinders/Arctic%20Aerial%20Exploration.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ Сафронов-мл., Иван (2009-07-29). "Десантников отправят на Северный полюс". Коммерсантъ. http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1211994. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ Aviation History Facts, U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission
- ^ Ned Harris (USCS # 3608). "Cover carried aboard U.S.S. Skate when she was the first to surface at the North Pole, Collecting Submarine Covers - Page 4 of 4,". Universal Ship Cancellation Society. http://www.uscs.org/collectingtopics/submarine/submarine4.htm.
- ^ Obituary of Sir Wally Herbert, Times Online, 13 June 2007
- ^ a b Obituary of Sir Wally Herbert, Guardian Unlimited, 15 June 2007
- ^ northpolewomen.com
- ^ Ramstad, C.J., and Pickering, Keith (2011). First to the Pole. North Star Press. ISBN 978-0-87839-446-3.
- ^ Sir Wally Herbert
- ^ Fütterer, D. et al. (1992) The Expedition ARK-VIII/3 of RV Polarstern in 1991, Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 107, 267 pp, hdl:10013/epic.10107.d001 (pdf 6.4 MB)
- ^ Thiede, J. et al. (2002) POLARSTERN ARKTIS XVII/2 Cruise Report: AMORE 2001 (Arctic Mid-Ocean Ridge Expedition), Reports on Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, 421, 390 pp, hdl:10013/epic.10426.d001 (pdf 8 MB)
- ^ Cormick, Brett (2000-02). "Diving the top of the world". Diver. http://www.divernetxtra.com/technol/0200northpole.htm. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ USS Charlotte Achieves Milestone During Under-Ice Transit, Navy NewsStand website, retrieved May 2007
- ^ Swimmer rises to Arctic challenge, BBC news, 15 July 2007
- ^ Банько, Юрий (2007-09-19). "Вчера и сегодня мы - первые. А завтра?". Российская газета. http://www.rg.ru/2007/09/19/arktika-shelf.html. Retrieved 2012-01-09.
- ^ (Russian) Press release of the AARI, July 9, 2007
- ^ a b Russia plants flag under N Pole, BBC News, 2 August 2007
- ^ (Russian) News video of Russian descent to North Pole seabed
- ^ BBC News video of Russian descent to North Pole seabed[dead link]
- ^ Russia’s North Pole Obsession, The New York Times, August 2, 2007
- ^ The Big Melt, The New York Times, October 2005
- ^ "Yemelya" VEHICLES Specs design and data.
- ^ Russian Geographical Society
- ^ "Science question of the week", Goddard Space Center
- ^ Beyond "Polar Express": Fast Facts on the Real North Pole, National Geographic News
- ^ "Sea Ice". Sate of the Cryosphere. NSIDC. http://nsidc.org/cryosphere/sotc/sea_ice.html. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ "Arctic ice thickness drops by up to 19 per cent", Daily Telegraph, 28 October 2008
- ^ "Model-Based Estimates of Change". IPCC. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch4s4-4-3-4.html. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Arctic sea ice "faces rapid melt", BBC news story, December 2006
- ^ "Future of Arctic Climate and Global Impacts". NOAA. http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/future/heat.html. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
- ^ Polar Bear – Population & Distribution, WWF, January 2007
- ^ Explorers' Blog, Greenpeace Project Thin Ice, 1 July 2006
- ^ Ringed seal makes its home on the ice, Antti Halkka
- ^ The Arctic Fox, Magnus Tannerfeldt
- ^ a b "FARTHEST NORTH POLAR BEAR (Ursus maritimus)" (PDF). http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic56-3-309.pdf. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ "North Pole sea anemone named most northerly species", Observer, 2 August 2009
- ^ "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (Annex 2, Article 4)". http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/annex2.htm. Retrieved 2007-07-26.
- ^ a b c d [1][dead link]
- ^ "Territorial claims in the Arctic" (PDF). http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/arctic.pdf. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ The Battle for the Next Energy Frontier: The Russian Polar Expedition and the Future of Arctic Hydrocarbons, by Shamil Midkhatovich Yenikeyeff and Timothy Fenton Krysiek, Oxford Institute for Energy Studies, August 2007
- ^ "Northern Perspectives (Volume 22, Number 4, Winter 1994-95)". CARC. http://www.carc.org/pubs/v22no4/loss.htm. Retrieved 2011-02-16.
- ^ "Canada Post Launches 24th Annual Santa Letter-writing Program", Canada Post press release, November 15, 2006
- ^ Pole-Spirits North and South
- ^ Corbin, The Man of Light in Iranian Sufism, trans. N. Pearson, 1978
- ^ Ibrahim Muhawi & Sharif Kanaana. Speak, Bird, Speak Again: Palestinian Arab Folktales. Berkeley University of California Press
- ^ Irgam Yigfagna; al-Jabal al-Lamma
- ^ Irgam Yigfagna; al-Jabal al-Lamma, p. 44
- ^ Irgam Yigfagna; al-Jabal al-Lamma, p. 11
Further reading[link]
- Frederick, Albert; Cook, Robert E. Peary, George W. Melville (2003). Finding the North Pole. The Lyons press. ISBN 1-59228-072-2. http://books.google.ca/books?id=MwAEoc0uQCsC&lpg=PP1&dq=North%20Pole&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Pal, Christopher (2002). The Oddest Place on Earth: Rediscovering the North Polea. Writer's Showcase. ISBN 0-595-21454-1. http://books.google.ca/books?id=A67mZerFmgAC&lpg=PP1&dq=North%20Pole&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
- Fairfield, William (1885). Paradise Found a Cradle of the Human Race at the North Pole a Study of the Prehistoric World. Houghton, Mifflin. ISBN 0-665-37759-2. http://books.google.ca/books?id=JBoVAAAAYAAJ&dq=Paradise%20Found%20a%20Cradle%20of%20the%20Human%20Race%20at%20the%20North%20Pole%20a%20Study%20of%20the%20Prehistoric%20World&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=true
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: North Pole |
- Arctic Council
- The Northern Forum
- North Pole travel guide from Wikitravel
- North Pole Web Cam
- The short Arctic summer of 2004
- The puzzling Arctic summer of 2003
- Review of surface melting from 2002 to the present revealed by the North Pole Web Cam
- FAQ on the Arctic and the North Pole
- Polar Controversies Still Rage article by Roderick Eime
- Daylight, Darkness and Changing of the Seasons at the North Pole
- Video of scientists on sea ice at the North Pole as it begins to crack underfoot
- Goudarzi, Sara, "Meltdown: Ice Cracks at North Pole." Sept 2006, LiveScience, Accessed 29 January 2007.
- "The North Pole Was Here: Puzzles and Perils at the Top of the World (first chapter)"
- Video of the Nuclear Icebreaker Yamal visiting the North Pole in 2001
- Polar Discovery: North Pole Observatory Expedition
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Gucci Mane | |
|---|---|
 Gucci Mane performing in Williamsburg, Brooklyn on August 29, 2010. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Radric Davis |
| Born | (1980-02-02) February 2, 1980 (age 32) Birmingham, Alabama |
| Origin | Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Genres | Southern hip hop, gangsta rap |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 2005 – present |
| Labels | 1017 Brick Squad Records, Asylum, Warner Bros. |
| Associated acts | 1017 Brick Squad, Young Money, V-Nasty, Yo Gotti, Soulja Boy, Plies, Usher, Young Jeezy, E-40, French Montana, Maino, Jadakiss, CTE, Lil' Kim, Birdman |
| Website | www.guccimaneonline.com |
Radric Davis[1] (born February 2, 1980),[2] better known by his stage name Gucci Mane, is an American rapper. He debuted in 2005 with Trap House and followed with albums such as Hard to Kill in 2006, Trap-A-Thon and Back to the Trap House in 2007. In 2009, his second studio album The State vs. Radric Davis was released, and The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted was released in 2010, and is his highest charting album so far. Gucci Mane has released many other mixtapes and independent albums as well.
While serving a six-month jail term for assault in late 2005, Davis was charged with murder, though the charges were later dropped due to a lack of evidence. In 2009, he served a year-long county jail sentence for violating probation for his 2005 aggravated assault conviction.
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early life[link]
Davis was born in Birmingham, Alabama, and later moved with his single mother to Atlanta. He enjoyed writing poetry as a child, and began rapping at age 14.[1]
[edit] 2005–2006: Trap House and Hard to Kill
In 2005, Davis released his independent debut album entitled Trap House, which featured the successful single "Icy" with Young Jeezy. Disputes over the rights to this single caused a rift between the two artists. Hard to Kill followed in 2006. Hard To Kill included the hit single "Freaky Gurl". The song peaked at number 12 on the Hot Rap Tracks, number 19 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and at number 62 on the Hot 100.
[edit] 2007: Back to the Trap House
The official remix of Freaky Gurl featuring Ludacris and Lil Kim was included on his 2007 commercial debut album Back to the Trap House. Gucci Mane appeared on OJ da Juiceman's "Make Tha Trap Say Aye" and began working on various mixtapes.[3] Gucci Mane signed to Warner Bros. Records in May 2009.[4]
[edit] 2009–2010: The State vs. Radric Davis
He appeared on remixes of the songs "Boom Boom Pow" by The Black Eyed Peas, "Obsessed" by Mariah Carey and "5 Star Chick" by Yo Gotti and made a guest appearance on Mario's "Break Up" (he has made 17 guest appearances total in 2009). Gucci Mane's second studio album The State vs. Radric Davis was released under the label Warner Bros. Records on December 8, 2009. Its first single, "Wasted" featuring Plies, was originally from Mane's 2009 mixtape Writing on the Wall. It peaked at number 36 on the Hot 100, number 3 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, and number 3 on the Rap Songs making it Gucci Mane's most successful single to date. The second single is "Spotlight" featuring Usher. The third single is "Lemonade". The fourth single is "Bingo", featuring Waka Flocka Flame and Soulja Boy Tell 'Em. On October 2, 2009, Gucci Mane was listed at number 6 on MTV's annual Hottest MC in the Game list.[5]
[edit] 2010–present: The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted and other projects
After being released from jail, Gucci Mane stated that he would start or change the label name from So Icey Entertainment to 1017 Brick Squad Records. The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted, was released on September 28, 2010.[6] The first single from this release was titled "Gucci Time",[7] produced by Swizz Beatz. It premiered on Gucci Mane's official MySpace page on August 6.[8] The single also features Swizz Beatz and was released to US urban radio stations on August 24, 2010.[9]
On March 18, 2011, Gucci Mane released his 10th EP, The Return of Mr. Zone 6, mostly produced by Drumma Boy.[10] It debuted at #18 on the Billboard 200, and is his highest charting EP. The album also debuted at #2 on the Rap albums chart and #8 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart. He also released a collaboration album with Waka Flocka Flame named Ferrari Boyz on August 5, Gucci's first collaboration album.[11] It's first single is "She Be Puttin On" featuring late-fellow Brick Squad labelmate Slim Dunkin. Ferrari Boyz debuted at #21 on the Billboard 200. Gucci Mane released another collaboration album, this time with rapper V-Nasty, called BAYTL, on December 13.[12] The album's first single is "Whip Appeal" featuring P2theLA.[13] Three days after the album's release, while traveling to the video shoot of "Push Ups", a song from BAYTL featuring Slim Dunkin, the latter got into an argument with another person who shot Dunkin dead at an Atlanta recording studio.[14] On February 5, 2012, Gucci Mane released his Trap Back mixtape. It features guest appearances from Yo Gotti, Rocko, Waka Flocka Flame, Jadakiss, 2 Chainz, and Future, the latter three recently appearing on Young Jeezy's third studio album Thug Motivation 103: Hustlerz Ambition. The first single is the mixtape's title track.[15] Music videos have been filmed for the songs "Quiet", "Face Card", "In Love With a White Girl" featuring Yo Gotti, "Chicken Room" featuring Rocko, and the title track, and "Sometimes" featuring Future.[16][17][18][19][20][21] Trap Back has been met with positive reviews so far, scoring a 7.8 from Pitchfork Media, a 7.5 from AllHipHop, and an "L" from XXL.[22][23][24]
Legal issues[link]
2001[link]
In April 2001, Davis was arrested on cocaine charges and sentenced to 90 days in county jail.[25]
2005[link]
On May 10, 2005, Davis was attacked by a group of men at a house in Decatur, Georgia. Davis and his companions shot at the group, killing one. The corpse of one of the attackers, Pookie Loc, was found later behind a nearby middle school. Davis turned himself in to police investigators on May 19, 2005, and was subsequently charged with murder. Davis claimed that the shots fired by him and his party were in self-defense.[25] The DeKalb County district attorney's office dropped the murder charge in January 2006 due to insufficient evidence. The previous October, in an unrelated matter, Davis had pleaded no contest to a charge of aggravated assault for assaulting a nightclub promoter the previous June; at the time the murder charge was dropped, he was serving a six-month county jail sentence for this.[26] Davis was released from jail in late January 2006.[1]
2008[link]
In September 2008, Gucci Mane was arrested for a probation violation for completing only 25 out of 600 community service hours following his 2005 arrest for aggravated assault. He was sentenced to a year in the county jail but was released after six months.[27] He was incarcerated in the Fulton County jail for probation violation[28] and released on May 12, 2010.[29]
2010[link]
On November 2, 2010, Gucci Mane was arrested for driving on the wrong side of the road, running a red light or stop sign, damage to government property, obstruction, no license, no proof of insurance and other traffic charges. He was taken to Grady Memorial Hospital.[30]
2011[link]
On January 4, 2011, A judge in the Superior Court of Georgia’s Fulton County ordered rapper Gucci Mane to a psychiatric hospital, according to court documents. The documents reveal that his lawyers filed a Special Plea of Mental Incompetency on Dec. 27 arguing that he is unable “to go forward and/or intelligently participate in the probation revocation hearing.” [31]
On September 13, 2011, Davis was given a six month county jail sentence after pleading guilty to two counts of battery, two counts of reckless conduct and one count of disorderly conduct.[32]
Discography[link]
Main article: Gucci Mane discography
Studio albums[link]
- 2007: Back to the Trap House
- 2009: The State vs. Radric Davis
- 2010: The Appeal: Georgia's Most Wanted
Collaboration albums[link]
- 2011: Ferrari Boyz (with Waka Flocka Flame)
- 2011: BAYTL (with V-Nasty)
EPs[link]
- 2009: Wasted: The Prequel
Compilation albums[link]
- 2008: Hood Classics
Independent albums[link]
- 2001: La Flare
- 2005: Trap House
- 2006: Hard to Kill
- 2007: Trap-A-Thon
- 2009: Murder Was the Case
- 2011: The Return of Mr. Zone 6
Mixtapes[link]
- 2006: Chicken Talk
- 2007: Bird Flu (Southern Slang)
- 2007: Ice Attack
- 2007: Ice Attack: Part 2
- 2007: No Pad, No Pencil
- 2008: EA Sportscenter
- 2008: Gucci Sosa
- 2008: Mr. Perfect
- 2008: The Movie
- 2009: Bird Flu: Part 2
- 2009: The Movie: Part 2 (The Sequel)
- 2009: Guccitendo
- 2009: Writing's On the Wall
- 2009: The Burrrprint: 3D (The Movie: Part 3)
- 2009: The Cold War: Part 1 (Guccimerica)
- 2009: The Cold War: Part 2 (Great Brrritain)
- 2009: The Cold War: Part 3 (Brrrussia)
- 2010: Mr. Zone 6
- 2010: Jewelry Selection
- 2010: Gucci Classics
- 2010: Ferrari Music
- 2010: Buy My Album
- 2010: Burrrprint (2) HD
- 2011: Gucci 2 Time
- 2011: Writing's On the Wall 2
- 2012: Trap Back
- 2012: I'm Up
Collaboration mixtapes[link]
- 2007: Guapaholics (with Shawty Lo)
- 2008: Definition Of A G (with Yo Gotti)
- 2011: Brick Squad Mafia (with 1017 Brick Squad)
- 2011: Free Bricks small>(with Future)
References[link]
- ^ a b c Cordor, Cyril (2007). "Gucci Mane > Biography". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p703775/biography. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ "Gucci Mane Biography". guccimane.com. http://www.guccmane.com/gucci-mane-biography/. Retrieved February 10, 2010.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (2009-03-30). "Gucci Mane Is Out Of Jail And Back On The Mixtape Circuit". Mixtape Monday (MTV News). http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1607973/20090327/gucci_mane.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ Jason (2009-05-13). "Gucci Mane Signs New Deal With Warner". Rap Basement. http://www.rapbasement.com/gucci-mane/051309-gucci-mane-signs-new-record-deal-with-warner-brothers-records-drops-two-new-songs-listen-now.html.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (2009-10-01). "Gucci Mane Balances 'Hood, Mainstream To Be #6 Hottest MC In The Game". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1622767/20091001/index.jhtml.
- ^ gucci1017. "brrrrr da appeal drops sept 28 free concert for kids going back to school center stage i cant wait brrrrrrrr". Twitter. Retrieved 2010-08-02.
- ^ gucci1017 (2010-07-30). "Its Gucci Time! Stay tuned". Twitter.
- ^ gucci1017. "It's #GucciTime !!!!!!! @Gucci1017 & @THEREALSWIZZZ - official version premiere on myspace - myspace.com/guccimane! RT #GucciTime". Twitter. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ "Urban/UAC Future Releases | R&B, Hip Hop, Release Schedule and Street Dates |". Allaccess.com. http://www.allaccess.com/urban/future-releases. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "iTunes - Music - The Return of Mr. Zone 6 by Gucci Mane". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-03-18. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/the-return-of-mr.-zone-6/id424479077. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "iTunes - Music - Ferrari Boyz (Deluxe Version) by Gucci Mane & Waka Flocka Flame". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-08-05. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/ferrari-boyz-deluxe-version/id449357287. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "iTunes - Music - Baytl by Gucci Mane & V-Nasty". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-12-09. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/baytl/id479744007. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "iTunes - Music - Whip Appeal (feat. P2theLA) - Single by Gucci Mane & V-Nasty". Itunes.apple.com. 2011-11-18. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/whip-appeal-feat.-p2thela/id478686629. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Rapper Slim Dunkin Shot Dead at Atlanta Music Studio". Fox News. December 16, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/12/16/rapper-slim-dunkin-shot-dead-at-atlanta-music-studio/.
- ^ "New Music: Gucci Mane – Trap Back | Raps + Rings". Rapsandrings.com. 2012-01-18. http://www.rapsandrings.com/2012/01/18/new-music-gucci-mane-trap-back/. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Gucci Mane: Quiet (Music Video)". Ballerstatus.Com. http://www.ballerstatus.com/2012/02/07/gucci-mane-quiet-music-video/#.T047-TBS7UU. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Gucci Mane: Face Card (Music Video)". Ballerstatus.Com. http://www.ballerstatus.com/2012/02/02/gucci-mane-face-card-music-video/#.T048LjBS7UU. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Gucci Mane ft. Yo Gotti: I'm In Love With A White Girl (Music Video)". Ballerstatus.Com. 2012-02-16. http://www.ballerstatus.com/2012/02/16/gucci-mane-ft-yo-gotti-im-in-love-with-a-white-girl-music-video/#.T048ZzBS7UU. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Gucci Mane ft. Rocko: Chicken Room (Music Video)". Ballerstatus.Com. http://www.ballerstatus.com/2012/02/08/gucci-mane-ft-rocko-chicken-room-music-video/#.T048lzBS7UU. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Video: Gucci Mane – Trap Back (Trailer)". KillerHipHop.com. 2012-02-04. http://www.killerhiphop.com/video-gucci-mane-trap-back-trailer/. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ http://www.killerhiphop.com/gucci-mane-ft-future-sometimes-video/
- ^ "Gucci Mane: Trap Back | Album Reviews". Pitchfork. 2012-02-16. http://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/16280-gucci-mane-trap-back/. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ Mos Jones (2012-02-07). "Mixtape Review: Gucci Mane’s “Trap Back”". AllHipHop.com. http://allhiphop.com/2012/02/07/mixtape-review-gucci-manes-trap-back/. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Gucci Mane, Trap Back". Xxlmag.Com. 2012-03-27. http://www.xxlmag.com/reviews/2012/02/gucci-mane-trap-back-2/. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ a b Kaufman, Gil (2005-05-23). "Atlanta Rapper Gucci Mane Faces Murder Charge". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1502738/20050523/gucci_mane.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ Harris, Chris (2006-01-03). "Murder Charges Against Gucci Mane Dropped". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1519599/20060103/gucci_mane.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-05-03.
- ^ "Gucci Mane Sent To Jail For Violating Probation". XXL. 2008-09-15. http://www.xxlmag.com/online/?p=24484. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (May 13, 2010). "Gucci Mane Says Warm Post-Prison Reception 'Strengthens' Him". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1639133/20100513/gucci_mane.jhtml.
- ^ "Gucci Mane To Be Released From Jail May 12th". RapRadar.com. 2010-05-06. http://rapradar.com/2010/05/06/gucci-mane-to-be-released-from-jail-may-12th/. Retrieved 2010-05-06.
- ^ Houston Williams (2010-11-02). "Breaking News: Gucci Mane Arrested". AllHipHop.com. http://allhiphop.com/stories/news/archive/2010/11/02/22466793.aspx. Retrieved 2012-03-31.
- ^ "Jan 4 2011 12:46 PM ET Gucci Mane sent to psychiatric facility by judge". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. 2011-04-01. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/01/04/gucci-mane-court-hearing/. Retrieved 2011-04-01.
- ^ Fisher, Kelly (September 13, 2011). "Gucci Mane Sentenced To Six Months In Jail. He was finally released on December 11th, 2011.". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/09/13/gucci-mane-sentenced-to-jail_n_960263.html.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gucci Mane |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mane, Gucci |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1980-02-12 |
| Place of birth | Birmingham, Alabama |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gucci_Mane
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Michael Palin | |
|---|---|
 Palin in Trento, Italy in 2005 |
|
| Born | Michael Edward Palin (1943-05-05) 5 May 1943 (age 69) Broomhill, Sheffield, England |
| Occupation | Actor, writer, television presenter, comedian |
| Years active | 1965–present |
| Known for | Monty Python and Travel documentaries |
| Spouse | Helen Gibbins (married 1966 – present) |
| Children | 3 |
| Website | |
| Palin's Travels | |
Michael Edward Palin, CBE, PRGS (born 5 May 1943) is an English comedian, actor, writer and television presenter best known for being one of the members of the comedy group Monty Python and for his travel documentaries. Palin wrote most of his comedic material with Terry Jones. Before Monty Python, they had worked on other shows such as the Ken Dodd Show, The Frost Report and Do Not Adjust Your Set. Palin appeared in some of the most famous Python sketches, including "Argument Clinic," "Dead Parrot," "The Lumberjack Song," "The Spanish Inquisition," and "The Fish-Slapping Dance."
Palin continued to work with Jones after Python, co-writing Ripping Yarns. He has also appeared in several films directed by fellow Python Terry Gilliam and made notable appearances in other films such as A Fish Called Wanda, for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.[1] In a 2005 poll to find The Comedians' Comedian, he was voted the 30th favourite by fellow comedians and comedy insiders.[2]
After Python, he began a new career as a travel writer and travel documentarian. His journeys have taken him across the world, including the North and South Poles, the Sahara Desert, the Himalayas and, most recently, Eastern Europe. In 2000 Palin was honoured as a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for his services to television.[3] Palin is currently the president of the Royal Geographical Society. [4]
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Palin was born in Broomhill, Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire, the second child and only son of Mary Rachel Lockhart (née Ovey) and Edward Moreton Palin.[5][6] His father was a Shrewsbury School and Cambridge-educated engineer working for a steel firm. His maternal grandfather, Lieutenant-Colonel Richard Lockhart Ovey, DSO, was High Sheriff of Oxfordshire in 1927.[7] He started his education at Birkdale Preparatory School, Sheffield, and later Shrewsbury School. His sister Angela was nine years older than he was. Despite the age gap the two had a close relationship until her suicide in 1987.[8]
When he was five years old, Palin had his first acting experience at Birkdale playing Martha Cratchit in a school performance of A Christmas Carol. At the age of 10, Palin, still interested in acting, made a comedy monologue and read a Shakespeare play to his mother while playing all the parts.[9] After his school days in 1962 he went on to read modern history at Brasenose College, Oxford. With fellow student Robert Hewison he performed and wrote, for the first time, comedy material at a university Christmas party.[10] Terry Jones, also a student in Oxford, saw that performance and began writing together with Hewison and Palin.[9] In the same year Palin joined the Brightside and Carbrook Co-Operative Society Players and first gained fame when he won an acting award at a Co-Op drama festival.[11] He also performed in the Oxford Revue with Jones.
In 1966 he married Helen Gibbins, whom he first met in 1959 on holiday in Southwold in Suffolk. This meeting was later fictionalised in Palin's play East of Ipswich.[12] The couple have three children and a grandchild. His youngest child, Rachel (b.1975) is a BBC TV director, whose work includes Masterchef: The Professionals, shown on BBC2 throughout October and November 2010.[13][14] While still a baby, his son William briefly appeared in Monty Python and the Holy Grail as "Sir Not-appearing-in-this-film". His nephew is the theatre designer Jeremy Herbert.[citation needed].
After finishing university in 1965 Palin became a presenter on a comedy pop show called Now! for the television contractor Television Wales and the West.[15] At the same time Palin was contacted by Jones, who had left university a year earlier, for assistance in writing a theatrical documentary about sex through the ages.[16] Although this project was eventually abandoned, it brought Palin and Jones together as a writing duo and led them to write comedy for various BBC programmes, such as The Ken Dodd Show, The Billy Cotton Bandshow, and The Illustrated Weekly Hudd.[17] They collaborated in writing lyrics for an album by Barry Booth called Diversions. They were also in the team of writers working for The Frost Report, whose other members included Frank Muir, Barry Cryer, Marty Feldman, Ronnie Barker, Ronnie Corbett, Dick Vosburgh and future Monty Python members Graham Chapman, John Cleese and Eric Idle. Although the members of Monty Python had already encountered each other over the years, The Frost Report was the first time all the British members of Monty Python (its sixth member, Terry Gilliam, was at that time an American citizen) worked together. During the run of The Frost Report the Palin/Jones team contributed material to two shows starring John Bird: The Late Show and A series of Bird's. For A series of Bird's the Palin/Jones team had their first experience of writing narrative instead of the short sketches they were accustomed to conceiving.[18]
Following The Frost Report the Palin/Jones team worked both as actors and writers on the show Twice a Fortnight with Graeme Garden, Bill Oddie and Jonathan Lynn, and the successful children's comedy show Do Not Adjust Your Set with Idle and David Jason. The show also featured musical numbers by the Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band, including future Monty Python musical collaborator Neil Innes. The animations for Do Not Adjust Your Set were made by Terry Gilliam, who joined the cast on Cleese's recommendation and began working with the Palin/Jones team for the first time. Eager to work with Palin[19] sans Jones, Cleese later asked him to perform in How to Irritate People together with Chapman and Tim Brooke-Taylor. The Palin/Jones team were reunited for The Complete and Utter History of Britain.
During this period Cleese contacted Palin about doing the show that would ultimately become Monty Python's Flying Circus. On the strength of their work on The Frost Report and other programmes, Cleese and Chapman had been offered a show by the BBC, but Cleese was reluctant to do a two-man show for various reasons, among them Chapman's reputedly difficult personality. At the same time the success of Do Not Adjust Your Set had led Palin, Jones, Idle and Gilliam to be offered their own series and, while it was still in production, Palin agreed to Cleese's proposal and brought along Idle, Jones and Gilliam. Thus the formation of the Monty Python troupe has been referred to as a result of Cleese's desire to work with Palin and the chance circumstances that brought the other four members into the fold.[20]
[edit] Monty Python
Main article: Monty Python
In Monty Python, Palin played various roles, which ranged from manic enthusiasm (such as the lumberjack of the Lumberjack Song, or Herbert Anchovy, host of the game show "Blackmail") to unflappable calmness (such as the Dead Parrot vendor, Cheese Shop proprietor, or Postal Clerk). As a straight man he was often a foil to the rising ire of characters portrayed by John Cleese. He also played timid, socially inept characters such as Arthur Putey, the man who sits idly by as a marriage counsellor (Eric Idle) makes love to his wife (Carol Cleveland), and Mr. Anchovy, a chartered accountant who wants to become a lion tamer. He also appeared as the "It's" man at the beginning of most episodes.
Palin frequently co-wrote sketches with Terry Jones, including "The Lumberjack Song" and "Spam". Palin also initiated the "Spanish Inquisition sketch", which included the catchphrase "Nobody expects the Spanish Inquisition!"
Other work[link]
After the Monty Python television series ended in 1974, the Palin/Jones team worked on Ripping Yarns, an intermittent television comedy series broadcast over three years from 1976. They had earlier collaborated on the play Secrets from the BBC series Black and Blue in 1973. He starred as Dennis the Peasant in Terry Gilliam's 1977 film Jabberwocky. Palin also appeared in All You Need Is Cash (1978) as Eric Manchester (based on Derek Taylor), the press agent for the Rutles.
In 1980, Palin co-wrote Time Bandits with Terry Gilliam. He also acted in the film.
In 1982, Palin wrote and starred in The Missionary, co-starring Maggie Smith. In it, he plays the Reverend Charles Fortescue, who is recalled from Africa to aid prostitutes.
In 1984, he reunited with Terry Gilliam to appear in Brazil. He appeared in the comedy film A Fish Called Wanda, for which he won the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role.[1] Cleese reunited the main cast almost a decade later to make Fierce Creatures.
After filming for Fierce Creatures finished, Palin went on a travel journey for a BBC documentary and, returning a year later, found that the end of Fierce Creatures had failed at test screenings and had to be reshot.
Apart from Fierce Creatures, Palin's last film role was a small part in The Wind in the Willows, a film directed by and starring Terry Jones. Palin also appeared with John Cleese in his documentary, The Human Face. Palin was in the cast of You've Got Mail, the Tom Hanks and Meg Ryan romantic comedy as a subplot novelist, but his role was eventually cut entirely.[21]
He also assisted Campaign for Better Transport and others with campaigns on sustainable transport, particularly those relating to urban areas, and has been president of the campaign since 1986.[22]
Palin has also appeared in serious drama. In 1991 Palin worked as producer and actor in the film American Friends based upon a real event in the life of his great grandfather, a fellow at St John's College, Oxford.[23] In that same year he also played the part of a headmaster in Alan Bleasdale's Channel 4 drama series G.B.H..
Palin also had a small cameo role in Australian soap opera Home and Away. He played an English surfer with a fear of sharks, who interrupts a conversation between two main characters to ask whether there were any sharks in the sea. This was filmed while he was in Australia for the Full Circle series, with a segment about the filming of the role featuring in the series.
Television documentaries[link]
Travel[link]
Palin's first travel documentary was part of the 1980 BBC Television series Great Railway Journeys of the World, in which, humorously reminiscing about his childhood hobby of train spotting, he travelled throughout the UK by train, from London to the Kyle of Lochalsh, via Manchester, York, Newcastle upon Tyne, Edinburgh and Inverness. At the Kyle of Lochalsh, Palin bought the station's long metal platform sign and is seen lugging it back to London with him.
In 1994, Palin travelled through Ireland for the same series, entitled "Derry to Kerry". In a quest for family roots, he attempted to trace his great grandmother – Brita Gallagher – who set sail from Ireland 150 years ago during the Great Famine (1845–1849), bound for a new life in Burlington, New Jersey. The series is a trip along the Palin family line.
Starting in 1989, Palin appeared as presenter in a series of travel programmes made for the BBC. It was after the veteran TV globetrotter Alan Whicker and journalist Miles Kington turned down presenting the first of these, Around the World in 80 Days, that gave Palin the opportunity to present his first and subsequent travel shows.[24] These programmes have been broadcast around the world in syndication, and were also sold on VHS tape and later on DVD:
- Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days (Travel 1988; Programme release 1989): travelling as closely as possible the path described in the famous Jules Verne story without using aircraft.
- Pole to Pole (Travel 1991; Programme release 1992): travelling from the North Pole to the South Pole, following as closely as possible the 30 degree line of longitude, over as much land as possible, i.e., through Europe and Africa.
- Full Circle with Michael Palin (Travel 1996/97; Programme release 1997): in which he circumnavigated the lands around the Pacific Ocean anti-clockwise; a journey of almost 50,000 miles (80,000 km) starting on Little Diomede Island in the Bering Strait and taking him through Asia, Oceania and the Americas.
- Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure (1999): retracing the footsteps of Ernest Hemingway through the United States, Europe, Africa and the Caribbean.
- Sahara with Michael Palin (Travel 2001/02; Programme release 2002): in which he trekked around and through the world's largest desert.
- Himalaya with Michael Palin (Travel 2003/04; Programme release 2004): in which he travels through the Himalaya region.
- Michael Palin's New Europe (Travel 2006/07; Programme release 2007): in which he travels through Central and Eastern Europe.
Following each trip, Palin wrote a book about his travels, providing information and insights not included in the TV programme. Each book is illustrated with photographs by Basil Pao, the stills photographer who was on the team. (Exception: the first book, Around the World in 80 Days, contains some pictures by Pao but most are by other photographers.)
All seven of these books were also made available as audio books, and all of them are read by Palin himself. Around the World in 80 Days and Hemingway Adventure are unabridged, while the other four books were made in both abridged and unabridged versions, although the unabridged versions can be very difficult to find.[citation needed]
For four of the trips a photography book was made by Pao, each with an introduction written by Palin. These are large coffee-table style books with pictures printed on glossy paper. The majority of the pictures are of various people encountered on the trip, as informal portraits or showing them engaged in some interesting activity. Some of the landscape photos are displayed as two-page spreads.
Palin's travel programmes are responsible for a phenomenon termed the "Palin effect": areas of the world that he has visited suddenly become popular tourist attractions – for example, the significant increase in the number of tourists interested in Peru after Palin visited Machu Picchu.[25] In a 2006 survey of "15 of the world's top travel writers" by The Observer, Palin named Peru's Pongo de Mainique (canyon below the Machu Picchu) his "favourite place in the world".[26]
He is currently working on a new TV travel series and book about Brazil which is expected to be broadcast in four parts in late 2012.[27]
Art and history[link]
In recent years, Palin has written and presented occasional documentary programmes on artists that interest him. The first, on Scottish painter Anne Redpath, was Palin on Redpath in 1997. In The Bright Side of Life (2000), Palin continued on a Scottish theme, looking at the work of the Scottish Colourists. Two further programmes followed on European painters; Michael Palin and the Ladies Who Loved Matisse (2004) and Michael Palin and the Mystery of Hammershøi (2005), about the French artist Henri Matisse and Danish artist Vilhelm Hammershøi respectively. The DVD Michael Palin on Art contains all these documentaries except for the Matisse programme.
In November 2008, Palin presented a First World War documentary about Armistice Day, 11 November 1918, when thousands of soldiers lost their lives in battle after the war had officially ended. Palin filmed on the battlefields of Northern France and Belgium for the programme, called the Last Day of World War One, produced for the BBC's Timewatch series.[28]
Activism[link]
In July 2010, Palin sent a message of support for the Dongria Kondh tribe of India, who are resisting a mine on their land by the company Vedanta Resources. Palin said, "I’ve been to the Nyamgiri Hills in Orissa and seen the forces of money and power that Vedanta Resources have arrayed against a people who have occupied their land for thousands of years, who husband the forest sustainably and make no great demands on the state or the government. The tribe I visited simply want to carry on living in the villages that they and their ancestors have always lived in".[29]
On 2 January 2011 Palin became the first person to sign the UK-based Campaign for Better Transport's Fair Fares Now campaign.
Recognition[link]
Each member of Monty Python has an asteroid named after him. Palin's is Asteroid 9621 Michaelpalin.[30]
In honour of his achievements as a traveller, especially rail travel, Palin has two British trains named after him. In 2002, Virgin Trains' new £5m high speed Super Voyager train number 221130 was named "Michael Palin" – it carries his name externally and a plaque is located adjacent to the onboard shop with information on Palin and his many journeys.[31] Also, National Express East Anglia named a British Rail Class 153 (unit number 153335) after him. In 2008, he received the James Joyce Award of the Literary and Historical Society in Dublin.
Palin was instrumental in setting up the Michael Palin Centre for Stammering Children in 1993.[32]
In recognition of his services to the promotion of geography, Palin was awarded the Livingstone Medal of the Royal Scottish Geographical Society in March 2009, along with a Fellowship to the Society.[33]
In June 2009 Palin was elected for a three-year term as President of the Royal Geographical Society.[34]
Because of his self-described "amenable, conciliatory character" Michael Palin has been referred to as unofficially "Britain's Nicest Man."[35]
Bibliography[link]
Travel books[link]
- Around the World in 80 Days (1989) ISBN 0-563-20826-0
- Pole to Pole (1992) ISBN 0-563-37065-3
- Full Circle (1997) ISBN 0-563-37121-8
- Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure (1999) ISBN 0-297-82528-3
- Sahara (2002) ISBN 0-297-84303-6
- Himalaya (2004) ISBN 0-297-84371-0
- New Europe (2007) ISBN 0-297-84449-0
All his travel books can be read at no charge, complete and unabridged, on his website.
Autobiography (contributor)[link]
- The Pythons Autobiography by The Pythons (2003) ISBN 0-7528-5293-0
Diaries[link]
- Diaries 1969–1979: The Python Years. 2006. ISBN 0-297-84436-9
- Diaries 1980–1988: Halfway to Hollywood – The Film Years. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson. 2009. ISBN 978-0-297-84440-2
Fiction[link]
- Hemingway's chair (1995) ISBN 0-7493-1930-5
- Bert Fegg's Nasty Book for Boys and Girls w/Terry Jones, illus Martin Honeysett, Frank Bellamy et al. (1974) ISBN 0-413-32740-X
- Dr Fegg's Encyclopaedia of all world knowledge (1984) (expanded reprint of the above, with Terry Jones and Martin Honeysett) ISBN 0-87226-005-4
Children's books[link]
- Small Harry and the Toothache Pills (1982) ISBN 0-416-23690-1
- Limerics or The Limerick Book (1985) ISBN 0-09-161540-2
- Cyril and the House of Commons (1986) ISBN 1-85145-078-5
- Cyril and the Dinner Party (1986) ISBN 1-85145-069-6
- The Mirrorstone with Alan Lee and Richard Seymour (1986) ISBN 0-224-02408-6
Plays[link]
- The Weekend (1994) ISBN 0-413-68940-9
Selected filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | And Now for Something Completely Different | Various Roles | Also Writer |
| 1975 | Monty Python and the Holy Grail | Various Roles | Also Writer |
| Three Men in a Boat | Harris | ||
| 1977 | Jabberwocky | Dennis Cooper | |
| 1978 | All You Need Is Cash | Eric Manchester/Lawyer | |
| 1979 | Monty Python's Life of Brian | Various Roles | Also Writer |
| 1981 | Time Bandits | Vincent | Also Writer Nominated - Saturn Award for Best Writing |
| 1982 | Monty Python Live at the Hollywood Bowl | Various Roles | Also Writer |
| The Missionary | The Reverend Charles Fortescue | Also Writer/Producer | |
| 1983 | Monty Python's The Meaning of Life | Various Roles | Also Writer |
| The Crimson Permanent Assurance | Workman | Short Film | |
| 1984 | A Private Function | Gilbert Chilvers | |
| 1985 | Brazil | Jack Lint | |
| 1988 | A Fish Called Wanda | Ken Pile | BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role |
| 1991 | American Friends | Reverend Francis Ashby | Also Writer |
| 1996 | The Wind in the Willows | The Sun | |
| 1997 | Fierce Creatures | Adrian 'Bugsy' Malone | |
| 2010 | Not the Messiah (He's a Very Naughty Boy) | Mrs. Betty Palin/Julius Caesar/Bevis |
Television[link]
- Now! (October 1965 – middle 1966)
- The Ken Dodd Show
- Billy Cotton Bandshow
- The Illustrated Weekly Hudd
- The Frost Report. (10 March 1966 – 29 June 1967)
- The Late Show (15 October 1966 – 1 April 1967)
- A Series of Bird's (1967) (3 October 1967 – 21 November 1967 screenwriter (guest stars)
- Twice a Fortnight (21 October 1967 – 23 December 1967)
- Do Not Adjust Your Set (26 December 1967 – 14 May 1969)
- Broaden Your Mind (1968)
- How to Irritate People (1968)
- Marty (TV series) (1968)
- The Complete and Utter History of Britain (1969)
- Monty Python's Flying Circus (5 October 1969 – 5 December 1974)
- Saturday Night Live (Hosted 27 January 1979) with Musical Guests The Doobie Brothers
- Ripping Yarns (1976–1979)
- Great Railway Journeys of the World, episode title "Confessions of a Trainspotter" (1980)
- East of Ipswich (1987) writer
- Michael Palin: Around the World in 80 Days (1989)
- GBH (1991)
- Pole to Pole (1992)
- Great Railway Journeys, episode title "Derry to Kerry" (1994)
- The Wind in the Willows (1995)
- The Willows in Winter (1996)
- Full Circle with Michael Palin (1997)
- Palin On Redpath (1997)
- Michael Palin's Hemingway Adventure (1999)
- Michael Palin On... The Colourists (2000)
- Sahara with Michael Palin (2002)
- Life on Air (2002)
- Himalaya with Michael Palin (2004)
- Michael Palin's New Europe (2007)
- Around the World in 20 Years (30 December 2008)
Awards[link]
Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films[link]
- 1982 Nominated – Saturn Award for Best Writing for Time Bandits (shared with Terry Gilliam)
Evening Standard British Film Awards[link]
- 1986 Won – "Peter Sellers Award for Comedy"
Writers' Guild of Great Britain[link]
- 1991 Won – Writers' Guild of Great Britain Award for "Film – Screenplay" for American Friends (shared with Tristram Powell)
DVD Exclusive Awards[link]
- 2001 Nominated – "Video Premiere Award for Best Audio Commentary" for Monty Python and the Holy Grail (shared with John Cleese and Eric Idle)
British Comedy Awards[link]
- 2002 Won – British Comedy Award for "Lifetime Achievement"
BAFTA Awards[link]
- 1984 Nominated – BAFTA Award for "Best Original Song" (the award was discontinued after the 1985 ceremonies) for Every Sperm is Sacred from The Meaning of Life (shared with André Jacquemin, Dave Howman and Terry Jones)
- 1989 Won – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for A Fish Called Wanda (as Ken Pile)
- 1992 Nominated – British Academy Television Award for Best Actor for G.B.H.
- 2005 Won – BAFTA Special Award
- 2009 Won – BAFTA Special Award as part of the Monty Python team for outstanding contribution to film and television[36]
References[link]
- ^ a b "Film Nominations 1988". BAFTA. http://www.bafta.org/awards/film/nominations/?year=1988. Retrieved 11 January 2008.
- ^ Michael Palin Biography Yahoo.com. Retrieved 7 May 2012
- ^ "Trio of Dames lead showbiz honours". BBC News. 31 December 1999. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/584037.stm. Retrieved 15 August 2006.
- ^ http://www.rgs.org/AboutUs/People/People.htm
- ^ Nick Barratt (11 November 2006). "Family detective". The Daily Telegraph (UK). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1435162/Family-detective.html. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ "Michael Palin Biography (1943–)". Filmreference.com. http://www.filmreference.com/film/0/Michael-Palin.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ The Pythons Autobiography by The Pythons, pg. 31
- ^ "The wandering man". Thestandard.com.hk. http://www.thestandard.com.hk/stdn/std/World/FJ23Wd06.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ a b Ross, 200
- ^ Michael Palin biography[dead link]
- ^ "ABC TV Documentaries: Sahara episode 3/4". Australian Broadcasting Company. http://www.abc.net.au/tv/documentaries/stories/s712623.htm. Retrieved 2 September 2006.
- ^ Ross, 57
- ^ Warman, Anna. "Travelling with Michael Palin". http://www.warman.demon.co.uk/anna/mp_int.html. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
- ^ "Home truths on Wanderlust". Camden New Yournal. 27 September 2007. http://www.thecnj.com/review/092707/books092707_01.html?headline=Home_truths_on_wanderlust. Retrieved 7 September 2008.
- ^ Michael Palin by John Oliver at BFI Screen Online, URL accessed 13 December 2006
- ^ Hodgkinson, Tom (2006). "In Conversation with Michael Palin". The Idler. http://idler.co.uk/conversations/in-conversation-with-michael-palin/. Retrieved 20 December 2006.
- ^ Biography at Pythonet.org, URL accessed 17 December 2006
- ^ "A Series Of Bird's". BBC Guide to Comedy. http://www.bbc.co.uk/comedy/guide/articles/s/seriesofbirdsa_1299002783.shtml. Retrieved 16 September 2006.
- ^ Ross, 91
- ^ The Pythons Autobiography By The Pythons; Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, Michael Palin, John Chapman, David Sherlock, Bob McCabe; Thomas Dunne Books; 2003
- ^ "NEWS 1999_01_17 - Michael Palin Dropped From Final Print of Hanks/Ryan Romantic Comedy". Daily Llama. http://www.dailyllama.com/news/1999/llama088.html. Retrieved 2011-06-01.
- ^ Campaign for Better Transport website[dead link]
- ^ American Friends at Rotten Tomatoes.com, URL accessed 13 December 2006
- ^ Vestey, Michael (6 August 2005). "Watching over Whicker". Findarticles.com. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3724/is_200508/ai_n14903488/pg_1. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
- ^ Webster, Ben (14 January 2005). "Globetrotter Palin brought down to earth by eco-lobby". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article788287.ece. Retrieved 14 August 2006.
- ^ Wilkinson, Carl (8 January 2006). "My favourite place in the world". The Observer (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2006/jan/08/observerescapesection5. Retrieved 18 August 2007.
- ^ Palin on Brazil and Carnivals, BBC News 11 April 2011
- ^ "Timewatch – The Last Day of World War One". BBC. http://www.bbc.co.uk/timewatch/last-day-of-ww1.shtml. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
- ^ Michael Palin sends message to support Dongria Kondh, Survival International
- ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser". Jet Propulsion Laboratory. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=9621. Retrieved 17 October 2006.
- ^ Virgin Trains, URL accessed 13 December 2006
- ^ "Palin's centre for stammerers wins £340,000 grant". http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23552778-details/Palin%27s+centre+for+stammerers+wins+%C2%A3340%2C000+grant/article.do. Retrieved 9 September 2008.
- ^ "Royal Scottish Geographical Society: Medals & Awards". http://www.rsgs.org/awardsandmedals/. Retrieved 29 January 2010.
- ^ "Michael Palin announced as new president of Royal Geographical Society (with IBG)". http://www.rgs.org/NR/rdonlyres/A9C558E3-889B-4EAC-81B6-BFAEF347B38D/0/090601_MichaelPalin.pdf. Retrieved 25 November 2009.
- ^ Lee, Marc (24 August 2009). "Michael Palin: he's not a Messiah, just a very nice man". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/starsandstories/6055546/Michael-Palin-hes-not-a-Messiah-just-a-very-nice-man.html.
- ^ "Monty Python Special Award". http://www.bafta.org/access-all-areas/videos/monty-python-special-award,877,BA.html. Retrieved 20 October 2009.
Further reading[link]
- Novick, Jeremy (2001), Life of Michael: an Illustrated Biography of Michael Palin Headline Publishing (a division of Hodder Headline) ISBN 0-7472-3529-5
- Ross, Robert (1997). Monty Python Encyclopedia B.T. Batsford Ltd, London ISBN 1-57500-036-9
- Wilmut, Roger (1980). From Fringe to Flying Circus: Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy 1960–1980 Eyre Methuen Ltd ISBN 0-413-50770-X
- Jones, Mark (2010), The Famous Charisma Discography The Record Press/Bristol Folk Publications ISBN 978-0-9563531-1-5 – discography of Monty Python's record label, includes foreword by Michael Palin
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Michael Palin |
- Michael Palin – BBC Guide to Comedy
- Michael Palin – Comedy Zone
- Palin's Travels – official website for the travel series
- Michael Palin at the Internet Movie Database
- Michael Palin at the British Film Institute's Screenonline
- Michael Palin at the Internet Broadway Database
- Michael Palin Centre for Stammering Children
- Michael Palin: A Life in Pictures – BAFTA event at Ely Cathedral
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Palin, Michael Edward |
| Alternative names | Palin, Michael |
| Short description | English comedian, television presenter |
| Date of birth | 5 May 1943 |
| Place of birth | Broomhill, Sheffield, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Michael_Palin
Related pages:
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Palin
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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| Lewis Gordon Pugh | |
|---|---|
 Lewis Gordon Pugh |
|
| Born | (1969-12-05) 5 December 1969 (age 42) Plymouth, England |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | University of Cambridge, University of Cape Town |
| Occupation | Environmental campaigner, maritime lawyer and endurance swimmer |
| Parents | Surgeon Rear Admiral P.D. Gordon Pugh and Margery Pugh |
| Website | |
| lewispugh.com | |
Lewis Gordon Pugh, OIG (born 5 December 1969) is a British environmental campaigner, maritime lawyer and endurance swimmer.
Pugh was the first person to complete a long-distance swim in every ocean.[1] He frequently swims in vulnerable ecosystems to draw attention to their plight and is best known for undertaking the first swim across the North Pole in 2007 to highlight the melting of the Arctic sea ice and for swimming across a glacial lake under the summit of Mount Everest in 2010 to draw attention to the melting glaciers in the Himalayas, and the impact the reduced water supply will have on world peace.
In 2010 he was named a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum for his "potential to contribute to shaping the future of the world through inspiring leadership."[2]
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Pugh was born in Plymouth, England. His father, Surgeon Rear Admiral P.D. Gordon Pugh, OBE, FRCS was a surgeon in the Royal Navy and a prolific collector of ceramics of the Victorian era. His mother, Margery Pugh was a Senior Nursing Sister in Queen Alexandra's Royal Naval Nursing Service. Pugh is a descendant of William Carey the famous missionary. His father's cousin, Carey Heydenrych, participated in the "Great Escape" from the German POW camp Stalag Luft III during the Second World War.[3] In 2009 Pugh married Antoinette Malherbe, whom he met at school.
Education[link]
Pugh grew up on the edge of Dartmoor in Devon. When he was 10 years old his family emigrated to South Africa and he was educated at St Andrew's College in Grahamstown and later at Camps Bay High School in Cape Town. He read politics and law at the University of Cape Town and graduated with distinction and at the top of his Masters class. In his mid-twenties he returned to England where he read International Law at Jesus College, Cambridge and then worked as a maritime lawyer in the City of London for a number of years. During this time he concurrently served as a Reservist in the elite British Special Air Service.[4]
Environmental campaigning[link]
During his youth Pugh visited many National Parks in South Africa. He attributes this to his father's desire to teach him to love and respect nature after what he had witnessed whilst serving in the Royal Navy.[5] His father was present at the first British atomic bomb test in 1952 and a number of subsequent tests.
In 2003 Pugh left his maritime law practice to campaign for the protection of the environment. He often addresses Heads of State and business leaders on the need to tackle climate change head on and the importance of a low carbon society.
In 2009 Nobel Peace Prize laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Pugh took the evidence of witnesses from across Africa on the effects of climate change at the Pan-African Climate and Poverty Hearings. The evidence was presented to the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference.[6]
Public speaking[link]
Pugh is an accomplished public speaker. He has twice spoken at the influential TED Conference and is described on their website as a “master story-teller”.[7] The Financial Times reported that his speech:
“... was the perfect TED talk: a little bit of action, some thinking outside the box, humbling words on the need to respect nature, a happy ending. A Hollywood scriptwriter could not have structured it better.”[8]
And his speech on environmental leadership at the 2008 Business Innovation Forum Conference in the USA was voted as one of the "7 Most Inspiring Videos on the Web" by Mashable, the social media guide.[9]
Polar Defense Project[link]
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In 2008 Pugh founded the Polar Defense Project to campaign for greater protection for the Arctic and a resolution of the maritime boundary disputes. In 2009 it won the Best Project for the Environment at the inaugural Beyond Sports Awards.[10]
World Wide Fund for Nature and the Wilderness Leadership School[link]
Pugh sits on the Council of Ambassadors for the World Wide Fund for Nature in the UK with Sir David Attenborough and Jonathon Porritt.[11] He also works closely with Dr Ian Player and the Wilderness Leadership School to promote and protect the last wilderness areas on the earth.
BP Oil Disaster[link]
Pugh has been outspoken on the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. In a feature in Business Day he said:
"They [BP top executives] should be criminally prosecuted. They should go to jail. What I can't understand is why people haven't responded more vigorously, by boycotting BP."[12]
Environmental awareness expeditions[link]
Lewis Pugh has undertaken a series of expeditions to raise awareness about the effects of climate change.
River Thames[link]
In 2006, he became the first person to swim the entire length of the River Thames, to raise awareness about the severe drought in England and the dangers of global warming. The 325 km (202 mi) swim took him 21 days to complete. The river had stopped flowing due to the drought, forcing Pugh to run the first 42 km (26 mi) of the river. While swimming through London, Pugh exited the water and made a visit to Tony Blair at 10 Downing Street to call on the United Kingdom to move towards a low carbon economy. Shortly afterwards the Prime Minister introduced the Climate Change Bill to Parliament.
Maldives[link]
In February 2007 Pugh became the first person to swim across the width of the Maldives. He undertook the swim to raise awareness about the effect of climate change on low lying islands in the world. The 140 km (87 mi) swim took 10 days to complete.
North Pole[link]
In July 2007 Pugh undertook the first long-distance swim at the Geographic North Pole. The 1 km (0.62 mi) swim, across an open patch of sea, in −1.7 °C water, took 18 minutes and 50 seconds to complete. Jørgen Amundsen, the great-grandnephew of Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen, paced Pugh by skiing alongside him during the swim.[13]
The swim coincided with the lowest coverage of Arctic sea ice ever recorded. Pugh disagrees with recent modeling, which predicts that the Arctic will be ice free in the summer by 2080. After his swim he said:
"From what I have seen, I think the Arctic will be largely free of summer sea ice within a decade."[citation needed]
Arctic kayak[link]
In September 2008, Pugh, accompanied by a team aboard a ship where he slept, attempted to kayak the 1200 km from Svalbard, across the Arctic Ocean, towards the North Pole, but team abandoned the effort 135 km from the start.[14] The aim was to further highlight the melting sea ice. The expedition coincided with some scientists predicting that the North Pole could be free of sea-ice in the summer of 2008, for the first time in thousands of years.[15] Pugh stated that despite several attempts, they were unable to find a gap in the ice. In 2002, Thomas and Tina Sjogren had skied and swam their way to the North Pole without any external support.[16] In his autobiography Pugh wrote:
"Ironically, global warming played no small part in undermining the entire expedition. We believed that the greater melting of summer ice would open up large areas of sea and allow us to paddle north at good speed. What we did not fully appreciate was that to the north of us there was a widespread melting of sea ice off the coast of Alaska and the New Siberian Islands and the ice was being pushed south towards us ... The evidence of climate change was stark. Fourteen months before I'd sailed north and I'd seen a preponderance of multi-year ice about three metres thick north of Spitsbergen, but this time most of the ice was just a metre thick."[17]
Mt Everest - Swim for Peace[link]
In May 2010 Pugh swam in Lake Pumori, a glacial lake on Mt Everest, to highlight the melting of the glaciers in the Himalayas and the impact the reduced water supply will have on world peace.[18] The 1 km (0.62 mi) swim, at an altitude of 5,300 metres, in 2 °C water,[19] took 22 minutes and 51 seconds to complete and was done as part of the Clinton Global Initiative.
Television[link]
Pugh has appeared on numerous TV shows including Good Morning America, Jay Leno,[20] Richard & Judy, The Daily Show with Jon Stewart[21] and BBC Breakfast. He has also been featured by Dr. Sanjay Gupta on Vital Signs on CNN,[22] ADN on France 2, Carte Blanche and Real Sports with Bryant Gumbel.[23]
In 2009 Pugh starred in Robson Green's Wild Swimming Adventure where he trained the English actor / singer to swim across the icy waters of Llyn Llydaw, a lake on Mount Snowdon in Wales. Afterwards Robson Green said:
"… Lewis prepared me psychologically for something that was way outside my comfort zone. His introduction to the notion of committing to an objective, becoming unstoppable and reaching that objective was life changing. There was no swim I couldn't do after meeting Lewis because anything is possible if you COMMIT!!"[24]
Books[link]
In 2010 Pugh's autobiography "Achieving the Impossible : A Fearless Leader, A Fragile Earth" was published by Simon & Schuster. It quickly became a Number One bestseller.[25]
Swimming[link]
Over a period of 24 years Pugh has pioneered more swims around famous landmarks than any other swimmer in history. In an interview with Forbes he stated:
"Between Lynne Cox, Martin Strel and myself, we've hit all of the world's major landmarks. There's really nothing left."[26]
Early swims[link]
Pugh had his first real swimming lesson in 1986, at the age of 17. One month later he swam from Robben Island (where Nelson Mandela was imprisoned) to Cape Town. In 1992 on August 6, he swam across the English Channel. In 2002 he broke the record for the fastest time for swimming around Robben Island.
He was the first person to swim around Cape Agulhas (the southernmost point in Africa), the Cape of Good Hope, and the Cape Peninsula (a 100 km (62 mi) swim from Cape Town to Muizenberg). Pugh was also the first person to swim across an African Great Lake, namely Lake Malawi.
Cold water swims[link]
After 2003 Pugh focused on pioneering swims in the coldest and most hostile waters of the world. All of them were undertaken in accordance with Channel Swimming Association rules, in just a pair of Speedo swimming trunks, cap and goggles. He became the first person to swim around the infamous North Cape, the northern-most point in Europe. The following year he became the first person to swim down the entire length of Sognefjord in Norway, a 204 km (127 mi) swim which took him 21 days to complete.
In 2005 he broke the world record for the farthest-north long-distance swim by undertaking a 1 km (0.62 mi) swim at 80° North around Verlegenhuken, the northern-most cape in Spitsbergen. He followed that five months later by breaking Lynne Cox's world record for the farthest-south long-distance swim by undertaking a 1 km (0.62 mi) swim at 65° South at Petermann Island off the Antarctic Peninsula.
In 2006 Pugh challenged Russia's top cold water swimmers to a 500 metre race at the World Winter Swimming Championships in Finland. He easily won the gold medal, beating Russian Champion Alexander Brylin by over 100 metres and the bronze medalist Nefatov Vladimir by 125 metres.
Anticipatory Thermo-Genesis[link]
On both his Arctic and Antarctic expeditions Professor Tim Noakes, a sports scientist from the University of Cape Town, recorded Pugh's ability to raise his core body temperature by nearly 2 °C in anticipation of entering the freezing water.[27][28] He coined the phrase "anticipatory thermo-genesis" (the creation of heat before an event).[29][30] This phenomenon had not been noted in any other human. Pugh believes it is a Pavlovian Response to years of cold water swimming.
"Holy Grail" of swimming[link]
In 2006 Pugh achieved the "Holy Grail" of swimming by becoming the first person to complete a long-distance swim in all 5 oceans of the world. To date he is the only person to have achieved this feat. His five swims were :
- Atlantic Ocean - across the English Channel in 1992
- Arctic Ocean - around the most northern point of the Island of Spitsbergen in 2005
- Southern Ocean - across Whaler's Bay in Deception Island in 2005
- Indian Ocean - across Nelson Mandela Bay in 2006
- Pacific Ocean - from Manly Beach through the Sydney Heads to the Sydney Opera House in 2006
Awards[link]
- 2011 - Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society, London
- 2011 - President's Award from the International Swimming Hall of Fame
- 2010 - Appointed a Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum
- 2009 - Awarded the highest honour in South Africa - the Order of Ikhamanga (Gold Class) for his "exceptional sporting triumphs, humanitarian feats and creating consciousness about the negative effects of global warming". This was only the third time a sportsman had received the honour.[31]
- 2009 - Best Project for the Environment - Beyond Sport Awards[32]
- 2008 - Out There Adventurer of the Year
- 2007 - Fellow of The Explorers Club, New York
- 2007 - Paul Harris Fellowship Award by Rotary International
- 2007 - Sports Adventurer of the Year Award by the French Sports Academy
- 2006 - Freedom of the City of London
References[link]
- ^ Joe Spring (December 2009). "World's Best Cold Water Swimmer". Outside Online. http://outside-blog.away.com/blog/2009/12/adventure-lab-worlds-ultimate-cold-water-swimmer.html. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
- ^ "Young Global Leaders 2010". World Economic Forum. March 2010. http://www.weforum.org/en/media/Latest%20News%20Releases/PR_YGL2010. Retrieved 2010-03-03.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (May 2010). "Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth". Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (May 2010). "Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth". Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (July 2009). "Time to Believe". Speech at TEDGlobal 2009. http://www.ted.com/speakers/lewis_pugh.html. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Pan-African Climate Change and Poverty Hearing". Oryx Media. October 2009. http://www.oryxmedia.co.za/people/pan-african-climate-change-and-poverty-hearing-hosted-by-oxfam-in-cape-town-5-october-2009. Retrieved 2009-10-05.
- ^ "A mind-shifting Mt. Everest swim". TED. August 2010. http://blog.ted.com/2010/07/30/a-mind-shifting-mt-everest-swim-lewis-pugh-on-ted-com/. Retrieved 2010-08-03.
- ^ "Conference of cool". FT.com. July 2010. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/42c699da-95e8-11df-bbb4-00144feab49a.html. Retrieved 2010-07-23.
- ^ Josh Catone (November 2009). "7 of the Most Inspiring Videos". Mashable. http://mashable.com/2009/11/08/inspiring-videos/. Retrieved 2009-11-08.
- ^ Beyond Sport (July 2009). "2009 Winners". Beyond Sport. http://www.beyondsport.org/the-awards/entries/shortlist.php. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
- ^ "Council of Ambassadors". WWF-UK. January 2010. http://www.wwf.org.uk/what_we_do/about_us/all_about_wwf/wwf_uk_council_of_ambassadors/lewis_gordon_pugh.cfm. Retrieved 2010-01-04.
- ^ Gary Lemke (June 7, 2010). "Going to the Extreme". Business Day. http://www.businessday.co.za/. Retrieved 2010-07-07.
- ^ "Lewis Pugh swims the North Pole". TED. September 2009. http://www.ted.com/talks/lewis_pugh_swims_the_north_pole.html. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ Caroline Drees (Sat Sep 6, 2008 3:27pm BST). "Explorer kayaks to 1,000 km from N.Pole". Reuters. http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL635315320080906. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Alan Duke (June 27, 2008). "North Pole Could Be Ice-Free This Summer, Scientists Say". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/weather/06/27/north.pole.melting/. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Brian Handwerk (May 31, 2002). National Geographic News. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/05/0531_020531_polarswim2.html. Retrieved 2010-08-08.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (May 2010). "Achieving the Impossible. A Fearless Leader. A Fragile Earth". Simon & Schuster.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (December 2009). "Forthcoming Expeditions". Lewis Gordon Pugh's website. http://www.lewispugh.com/expeditions.html. Retrieved 2009-12-05.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (May 2010). "Expeditions, Everest". Lewis Gordon Pugh's website. http://www.lewispugh.com/expeditions/Expeditions.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-19.
- ^ "Show 3412". NBC's The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. July 2007. http://tviv.org/The_Tonight_Show_with_Jay_Leno/Season_Fifteen. Retrieved 2007-07-27.
- ^ Jon Stewart (July 2007). "Lewis Pugh". Comedy Central. http://www.thedailyshow.com/watch/tue-july-31-2007/lewis-gordon-pugh. Retrieved 2007-07-31.
- ^ Mark Tutton (February 2009). "Lewis Pugh: The Human Polar Bear". CNN. http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/02/25/lewis.pugh/index.html. Retrieved 2009-02-25.
- ^ Bernard Goldberg (April 2006). "An Uncommon Man". HBO. http://www.hbo.com/realsports/stories/2006/episode.109.s3.html. Retrieved 2006-04-11.
- ^ Robson Green (December 2009). "Wild Swimming". Robson Green's website. http://www.robsongreen.com/wild-swimming/index.shtml. Retrieved 2009-12-15.
- ^ Lewis Gordon Pugh (June 2009). "Book". Lewis Gordon Pugh's website. http://www.lewispugh.com/. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
- ^ Todd Pitock (October 29, 2007). "The Ice Bear Cometh". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/fyi/2007/1029/117.html. Retrieved 2008-08-24.
- ^ Dr James Butcher Phd (December 2005). "Profile: Lewis Gordon Pugh - Polar Swimmer". The Lancet. http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2805%2967833-6/fulltext. Retrieved 2005-12-01.
- ^ Professor Tim Noakes and Dr Jonathan Dugas et al (2009). "Body temperatures during three long-distance polar swims". Journal of Thermal Biology 2009, 34 (1) : 23-31.
- ^ Andrew Berg (May 2006). "What It Takes: Lewis Gordon Pugh". National Geographic. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/0605/whats_new/lewis_gordon_pugh.html. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Duncan Graham-Rowe (February 2009). "Superhuman; The Secrets of the Ice Man". New Scientist. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126962.200-superhuman-the-secrets-of-the-ice-man.html?page=2. Retrieved 2009-02-24.
- ^ Office of the President of South Africa (December 2009). "Presidency unveils National Orders recipients". The Presidency, Republic of South Africa. http://www.thepresidency.gov.za/show.asp?include=director/pr/2009/pr12021559.htm&ID=1918&type=pr. Retrieved 2009-12-02. [dead link]
- ^ Beyond Sport (July 2009). "2009 Winners". Beyond Sport. http://www.beyondsport.org/the-awards/entries/shortlist.php. Retrieved 2009-07-08.
External links[link]
- Official website of Lewis Gordon Pugh
- TED talk on swimming at Mt. Everest
- Quotes from Lewis Gordon Pugh
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Pugh, Lewis Gordon |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Environmental campaigner, maritime lawyer and endurance swimmer |
| Date of birth | 5 December 1969 |
| Place of birth | Plymouth, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Lewis_Gordon_Pugh
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Lewis Pugh
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Gordon_Pugh
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
20:54
Lewis Pugh swims the North Pole
TEDtalksDirector
Lewis Pugh swims the North Pole
www.ted.com Lewis Pugh talks about his record-breaking swim across the North Pole. He braved the icy waters (in a Speedo) to highlight the melting icecap. Watch for astonishing footage -- and some blunt commentary on the realities of supercold-water swims.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at http Watch a highlight reel of the Top 10 TEDTalks at www.ted.com
3:02
First UAE woman in North Pole trek
AlJazeeraEnglish
First UAE woman in North Pole trek
Elham al-Qasimi recently traded her traditional long dress - common in her native United Arab Emirates - for a puffy parka in a quest to become the first Arab woman to reach the North Pole. The trip was unsupported and unassisted, meaning no motorised equipment was used and there were no resupplies along the way. Al-Qasimi narrated her experience to Al Jazeera. [May, 06, 2010]
8:40
Lewis Gordon Pugh North Pole Challenge
LewisGordonPugh
Lewis Gordon Pugh North Pole Challenge
Lewis Gordon Pugh became the first human to complete a long distance swim at the Geographic North Pole in nothing more than a Speedo, cap and goggles. By swimming in a region that was once completely covered in ice, Lewis showed the world that climate change is happening and we have the power to stop it.
9:59
2012 & North Pole ~ Hollow Earth Expedition Pt.1/8
Alistar666
2012 & North Pole ~ Hollow Earth Expedition Pt.1/8
2012 & North Pole Expedition Doctor of Physics, Brooks Agnew discussed possible cataclysms that may occur around 2012, and offered an update on his planned North Pole Inner Earth Expedition. The current timetable is to embark on the expedition in August 2009, traveling to the Arctic region aboard a nuclear powered icebreaker. A helicopter and ship stored in the icebreaker will be used to advance scout for a hole that might exist in the curvature of the crust, he detailed. Agnew said ancient Mesoamericans described visits from the 'Shining Ones'-- possible ETs, who may have given them the knowledge of astronomy, architecture and agriculture. One of the Mayans' complex calendrical systems ends in 2012, coinciding with the Earth aligning with a black hole in the center of the galaxy, he outlined. This positioning will cause planets to heat up in the solar system, and potentially wreak havoc with our climate, he said. A pole shift could take place within a short time period-- 3 to 5 days, and the reversal of Northern and Southern hemispheric patterns could set up a "global superstorm," with 300 mph winds lasting up to a month, Agnew warned. www.coasttocoastam.com www.arkofmillionsofyears.com Books: The Ark of Millions of Years Volume Two: 2012 and the Harvest of the End Times www.amazon.com The Ark of Millions of Years: Volume Three www.amazon.com For more Videos like these subscribe to my channel and also visit: www.disclose.tv
5:15
North Pole - an expedition to the top of the world
savethepoles
North Pole - an expedition to the top of the world
The second leg of my history-making Save the Poles expedition, the North Pole expedition was anything but easy. It took our three-man team 51 days to cover the 500 miles from Cape Discovery Ellesmere Island to the Geographic North Pole. Very few people have completed full North Pole expeditions due to it's inaccessibility, arduous terrain and extreme cold.
4:55
Toyota's mighty Hilux drives to North Pole
AutomotiveTv
Toyota's mighty Hilux drives to North Pole
Is there no driving challenge beyond the scope of Toyotas mighty Hilux? The legendary pick-up has completed a journey across Antarctica to the South Pole, further proving the go-anywhere qualities that helped it become the first car to be driven to the Magnetic North Pole in the 2007 Top Gear Polar Challenge. This video reveals what modifications are required to make the journey...........
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