Coordinates	53°6′3″N14°40′4″N
Name	Ghawar Field
Lat d	27.47
Lat ns	N
Long d	48.52
Long ew	E
Coordinates type	region:SA_type:landmark_scale:3000000
Coordinates display	inline,title
Country	Saudi Arabia
Location	Khobar, Eastern Province
Offonshore	Onshore
Operator	Saudi Aramco
Caption	The Ghawar Field is the largest known field in the world
Discovery	1948
Start production	1951
Peak year	2005 (Contested)
Oil production bbl/d	5000000
Production gas mmcuft/d	2000
Est oil bbl	71000
Est gas bft	110000
Formations	Upper/Middle Jurassic, Upper/Lower Permian, Lower Devonian

Ghawar (Arabic:الغوار) is an oil field in Saudi Arabia. It is located about WSW from the city of Dhahran in Khobar county of the Eastern Province. Measuring , it is by far the largest conventional oil field in the world. The field is entirely owned and operated by Saudi Aramco, the nationalized Saudi oil company. Relatively little is known about Ghawar because the company and Saudi government closely guard field performance information and per-field production details. Available information is predominantly historical (pre-nationalization), from incidental technical publications, or anecdotal.

Geology

Ghawar occupies an anticline above a basement fault block dating to Carboniferous time, about 320 million years ago; Cretaceous tectonic activity, as the northeast margin of Africa began to impinge on southwest Asia, enhanced the structure. Reservoir rocks are Jurassic Arab-D limestones with exceptional porosity (as much as 35% of the rock in places), sourced from the Jurassic Hanifa formation, a marine shelf deposit of mud and lime with as much as 5% organic material (1% to 7% is considered good oil source rock). The seal is an evaporitic package of rocks including impermeable anhydrite.

History

Historically, Ghawar has been subdivided into five production areas, from north to south: 'Ain Dar and Shedgum, 'Uthmaniyah, Hawiyah and Haradh. The major oasis of Al-Ahsa and the city of Al-Hofuf are located on Ghawar's east flank, corresponding to the 'Uthmaniyah production area. Ghawar was discovered in 1948 and put on stream in 1951. Some sources claim Ghawar peaked in 2005, though this is strongly contested by the field operators.

Saudi Aramco reports that Ghawar has produced 48% of its proven reserves

Production

Approximately 60-65% of all Saudi oil produced between 1948 and 2000 came from Ghawar. Cumulative production until April 2010 has exceeded . Currently, Ghawar is estimated to produce over of oil a day (6.25% of global production).

Ghawar also produces approximately of natural gas per day.

Reserves

In April 2010, Saad al-Treiki, Vice-President for Operations at Aramco, stated in a news conference reported in Saudi media that over have been produced from the field since 1951. Treiki further stated that the total reserves of the field had originally exceeded

Matthew Simmons, in his book Twilight in the Desert, suggests that production from the Ghawar field and Saudi Arabia may soon peak.

When appraised in the 1970s, the field was assessed to have of original oil in place, with about recoverable (1975 Aramco estimate quoted by Matt Simmons). The second figure, at least, was understated, since that production figure has already been exceeded.

See also

List of oil fields

Peak Oil

Khurais oil field

Swing producer

References

External links

A theoretical look at the future of the field

Articles on Ghawar and analysis on its reserves from The Oil Drum

Terrorists and Ghawar

Saudi Aramco website (source of most data in this article).

Category:Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia Category:Oil fields of Saudi Arabia Category:Saudi Aramco Category:Oil field disputes

Khaldoun Ibrahim Mohammed (, (born on June 16, 1987 in Iraq) is an Iraqi footballer. He currently plays for Naft Tehran F.C. in the Iran Pro League and is a member of the Iraq national football team.

Because of his great physique, Khaldoun is considered a utility player who play anywhere in the field. He is considered one of the best free-kick takers in Iraq. His team mates nicknamed him for the Animated Series . His older brother is Ous Ibrahim also a national player.

Information

After helping Al Zawraa to the league title, Khaldoun Ibrahim moved to Iranian Pro League side Mes Kerman in September 2006. On the international stage he was an important member of the Iraq side at the AFC Youth Championship in 2006 and featured for the Iraqi U-23s in the Asian Olympic qualifiers this year. He is informous for failing to defend well against Qatar in the world cup were Iraq lost 1-0 and missed out on qualification for the 2010 World Cup.

Club Career Statistics

Last update: 19 October 2010

|- |2010–11||rowspan="1"|Naft Tehran||rowspan="1"|Persian Gulf Cup |1||0||1||0||-||-||2||0 |- 1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0 1||0||1||0||0||0||2||0

* Assist Goals {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" !Season!!Team!!Assists |- |10/11||align="left"|Naft Tehran||0 |}

Honours

Country

2007 Asian Cup winners

External links

Category:Iraqi footballers Category:Iraq international footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Iran Category:Mes Kerman players Category:Iraqi expatriate footballers Category:Association football utility players Category:Al-Zawraa players Category:2007 AFC Asian Cup players Category:Living people Category:1987 births