November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 59 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events[link]

• 1410 – The Peace of Bicêtre between the Armagnac and Burgundian factions is signed.
• 1570 – A tsunami in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1,000 people.
• 1675 – King Philip's War: A combined effort by the Plymouth, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay and Connecticut colonies attacks the Great Swamp Fort, owned by the Narragansetts.
• 1769 – Don Gaspar de Portolà leads the first documented European visit to San Francisco Bay.
• 1772 – American Revolutionary War: Samuel Adams and Joseph Warren form the first Committee of Correspondence.
• 1783 – In Rocky Hill, New Jersey, US General George Washington gives his "Farewell Address to the Army".
• 1795 – The French Directory succeeds the French National Convention as the government of Revolutionary France.
• 1861 – American Civil War: Western Department Union General John C. Fremont is relieved of command and replaced by David Hunter.
• 1868 – Time zone: New Zealand officially adopts a standard time to be observed nationally
• 1882 – Oulu, Finland is devastated by the Great Oulu Fire of 1882
• 1889 – North and South Dakota are admitted as the 39th and 40th U.S. states.
• 1895 – The first gasoline-powered race in the United States. First prize: $2,000
• 1898 – Cheerleading is started at the University of Minnesota with Johnny Campbell leading the crowd in cheering on the football team.
• 1899 – The Boers begin their 118 day siege of British held Ladysmith during the Second Boer War.
• 1909 – Lambda Chi Alpha fraternity is founded at Boston University.
• 1914 – Russia declares war on the Ottoman Empire.
• 1917 – The Balfour Declaration proclaims British support for the "establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people" with the clear understanding "that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities".
• 1920 – In the United States, KDKA of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania starts broadcasting as the first commercial radio station. The first broadcast is the result of the U.S. presidential election, 1920.
• 1930 – Haile Selassie is crowned emperor of Ethiopia.
• 1936 – The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is established.
• 1936 – Italian dictator Benito Mussolini proclaims the Rome-Berlin Axis, establishing the alliance of the Axis Powers.
• 1936 – The British Broadcasting Corporation initiates the BBC Television Service, the world's first regular, "high-definition" (then defined as at least 200 lines) service. Renamed BBC1 in 1964, the channel still runs to this day.
• 1940 – World War II: First day of Battle of Elaia–Kalamas between the Greeks and the Italians.
• 1947 – In California, designer Howard Hughes performs the maiden (and only) flight of the Spruce Goose or H-4 The Hercules; the largest fixed-wing aircraft ever built.
• 1949 – The Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference ends with the Netherlands agreeing to transfer sovereignty of the Dutch East Indies to the United States of Indonesia.
• 1953 – The Constituent Assembly of Pakistan names the country The Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
• 1957 – The Levelland UFO Case in Levelland, Texas, generates national publicity.
• 1959 – Quiz show scandals: Twenty One game show contestant Charles Van Doren admits to a Congressional committee that he had been given questions and answers in advance.
• 1959 – The first section of the M1 motorway, the first inter-urban motorway in the United Kingdom, is opened between the present junctions 5 and 18, along with the M10 motorway and M45 motorway
• 1960 – Penguin Books is found not guilty of obscenity in the Lady Chatterley's Lover case
• 1963 – South Vietnamese President Ngô Ðình Diệm is assassinated following a military coup.
• 1964 – King Saud of Saudi Arabia is deposed by a family coup, and replaced by his half-brother King Faisal.
• 1965 – Norman Morrison, a 31-year-old Quaker, sets himself on fire in front of the river entrance to the Pentagon to protest the use of napalm in the Vietnam war.
• 1966 – The Cuban Adjustment Act comes into force, allowing 123,000 Cubans the opportunity to apply for permanent residence in the United States.
• 1967 – Vietnam War: US President Lyndon B. Johnson and "The Wise Men" conclude that the American people should be given more optimistic reports on the progress of the war.
• 1973 – The Communist Party of India (Marxist) and the Communist Party of India form a 'United Front' in the state of Tripura.
• 1974 – 78 die when the Time Go-Go Club in Seoul, South Korea burns down. Six of the victims jumped to their deaths from the seventh floor after a club official barred the doors after the fire started.
• 1983 – U.S. President Ronald Reagan signs a bill creating Martin Luther King, Jr. Day.
• 1984 – Capital punishment: Velma Barfield becomes the first woman executed in the United States since 1962.
• 1988 – The Morris worm, the first internet-distributed computer worm to gain significant mainstream media attention, is launched from MIT.
• 2000 – The first resident crew to the ISS docked in November 2nd on the Soyuz TM-31.
• 2007 – 50,000–100,000 people demonstrate against the Georgian government in Tbilisi.

Births[link]

• 1082 – Emperor Huizong of China (d. 1135)
• 1470 – King Edward V of England, one of the two princes in the Tower (d. 1483)
• 1475 – Princess Anne of York, Countess of Surrey (d. 1511)
• 1636 – Edward Colston, English merchant and philanthropist (d. 1721)
• 1667 – James Sobieski, Crown Prince of Poland (d. 1737)
• 1692 – Unico Wilhelm van Wassenaer, Dutch composer (d. 1766)
• 1696 – Conrad Weiser, Pennsylvania's ambassador to the Native Americans (d. 1760)
• 1699 – Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, French painter (d. 1779)
• 1709 – Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange (d. 1759)
• 1734 – Daniel Boone American explorer (d. 1820)
• 1739 – Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf, Austrian composer (d. 1799)
• 1741 – Joan van der Capellen tot den Pol, Dutch politician (d. 1784)
• 1754 – Gaspard de Bernard de Marigny, French royalist general and counterrevolutionary (d. 1794)
• 1755 – Marie Antoinette, Queen of France (d. 1793)
• 1766 – Joseph Radetzky von Radetz, Austrian field marshal (d. 1858)
• 1777 – Fortunat Alojzy Gonzaga Żółkowski, Polish actor (d. 1822)
• 1777 – Princess Sophia of the United Kingdom (d. 1848)
• 1795 – James Knox Polk, 11th President of the United States (d. 1849)
• 1799 – John Light Atlee, American physician and surgeon (d. 1885)
• 1808 – Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly, French writer (d. 1889)
• 1815 – George Boole, English mathematician and philosopher (d. 1864)
• 1821 – Sir George Bowen, British provincial governor (d. 1899)
• 1833 – Mahendralal Sarkar, Indian doctor (d. 1904)
• 1837 – Émile Bayard, French artist, illustrator (d. 1891)
• 1844 – Sultan Mehmed V of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1918)
• 1855 – Henrik Schück, Swedish literary historian (d. 1947)
• 1865 – Warren G. Harding, 29th President of the United States (d. 1923)
• 1877 – Joseph De Piro, Maltese founder of the Missionary Society of St. Paul (d. 1933)
• 1877 – Victor Trumper, Australian cricketer (d. 1915)
• 1877 – Aga Khan III, Shia Imam (d. 1957)
• 1878 – Ōkido Moriemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 23rd Yokozuna (d. 1930)
• 1883 – Jean-Marie-Rodrigue Villeneuve, cardinal and archbishop of Quebec (d. 1947)
• 1885 – Harlow Shapley, American astronomer (d. 1972)
• 1886 – Dhirendranath Datta, Bangladeshi politician (d. 1971)
• 1890 – Moa Martinson, Swedish writer (d. 1964)
• 1890 – Nishinoumi Kajirō III, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 30th Yokozuna (d. 1933)
• 1891 – David Townsend, Art Director (d. 1935)
• 1892 – Alice Brady, Academy Award-winning American actress (d. 1939)
• 1893 – Battista Farina, founder of Pininfarina company (d. 1966)
• 1894 – Alexander Lippisch, German scientist (d. 1976)
• 1899 – Peter Aufschnaiter, Austrian mountaineer, known from Seven Years in Tibet (d. 1973)
• 1903 – Travis Jackson, American baseball player (d. 1987)
• 1904 – Hugh Patrick Lygon, English aristocrat (d. 1936)
• 1905 – James Dunn, American actor (d. 1967)
• 1905 – Georges Schehadé, Lebanese poet and playwright (d. 1989)
• 1906 – Daniil Andreev, Russian poet (d. 1959)
• 1906 – Luchino Visconti, Italian director (d. 1976)
• 1908 – Fred Bakewell, English cricketer (d. 1983)
• 1910 – Fouad Serageddin, Egyptian politician (d. 1999)
• 1911 – Odysseas Elytis, Greek poet, Nobel laureate (d. 1996)
• 1911 – Raphael Robinson, US mathematician (d. 1995)
• 1913 – Burt Lancaster, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1914 – Johnny Vander Meer, baseball player (d. 1997)
• 1915 – Beryl McBurnie, Trinidadian dancer (d. 2000)
• 1915 – Sidney Luft, American movie director (d. 2005)
• 1919 – Warren Stevens, American actor
• 1920 – Ann Rutherford, American actress
• 1921 – Shepard Menken, American voice actor (d. 1999)
• 1921 – Bill Mosienko, National Hockey League player (d. 1994)
• 1924 – (Father) David Bauer, Canadian ice hockey player and priest (d. 1988)
• 1924 – Rudy Van Gelder, American recording engineer
• 1924 – Stavros Xenidis, Greek actor (d. 2008)
• 1927 – Steve Ditko, American artist
• 1928 – Paul Johnson, British historian
• 1929 – Muhammad Rafiq Tarar, former President of Pakistan
• 1929 – Richard E. Taylor, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
• 1932 – Ron Sproat, American TV writer and playwright (d. 2009)
• 1934 – Bill Gothard, American minister and speaker
• 1934 – Ken Rosewall, Australian tennis player
• 1936 – Rose Bird, American judge (d. 1999)
• 1936 – Jack Starrett, American actor and director (d. 1989)
• 1937 – Earl Carroll, lead vocalist of The Cadillacs
• 1938 – Jay Black, American singer (Jay and the Americans)
• 1938 – Pat Buchanan, American journalist and politician
• 1938 – David Lane, American white nationalist (d. 2007)
• 1938 – Queen Sofia of Spain
• 1939 – Richard Serra, American sculptor and video artist
• 1940 – Jim Bakken, American football player
• 1940 – Phil Minton, jazz/free-improvising vocalist and trumpeter
• 1941 – Bruce Welch, English musician and songwriter (The Shadows)
• 1941 – Arun Shourie, Indian journalist, author, and politician
• 1942 – Shere Hite, American-German author
• 1942 – Stefanie Powers, American actress
• 1944 – Patrice Chéreau, French director, actor and producer
• 1944 – Keith Emerson, British keyboardist and composer (Emerson, Lake & Palmer)
• 1945 – Giorgos Kolokithas, Greek basketball player
• 1945 – J. D. Souther, American country-rock singer
• 1946 – Alan Jones, Australian race car driver
• 1946 – Giuseppe Sinopoli, Italian conductor and composer (d. 2001)
• 1947 – Dave Pegg, English multi-instrumentalist, bass guitarist, longest serving member of Fairport Convention
• 1950 – Alex Fagan, American law enforcement official (d. 2010)
• 1951 – Vassilis Leventis, Greek politician
• 1951 – Thomas Mallon, American novelist and critic
• 1951 – Lindy Morrison, Australian musician (The Go-Betweens)
• 1952 – Maxine Nightingale, English singer
• 1954 – Pat Croce, American entrepreneur
• 1955 – Chris Burnett, American musician
• 1955 – Thomas Grunenberg, German footballer
• 1956 – Peter Mullan, Scottish actor
• 1957 – Notis Sfakianakis, Greek singer
• 1957 – Carter Beauford, American drummer (Dave Matthews Band)
• 1957 – Michael Bailey Smith, American actor
• 1958 – Willie McGee, American baseball player
• 1961 – k.d. lang, Canadian musician
• 1961 – Jeff Tedford, American college football coach
• 1962 – David Brock, American political commentator, pundit
• 1962 – Mireille Delunsch, French soprano
• 1962 – Simon Hill, English-Australian football commentator
• 1962 – Derek Mountfield, English football player
• 1963 – Bobby Dall, American bass guitarist (Poison)
• 1963 – Jonas Gardell, Swedish writer
• 1963 – Ron McGovney, American musician
• 1963 – Craig Saavedra, American filmmaker
• 1963 – Park Young Seok, South Korean mountaineer
• 1964 – Britta Lejon, Swedish politician
• 1965 – Shahrukh Khan, Indian actor
• 1965 – Samuel Le Bihan, French actor
• 1965 – Arnold Clavio, Filipino broadcast journalist
• 1966 – Sean Kanan, American actor
• 1966 – Tim Kirkman, American filmmaker
• 1966 – Khaled Abol Naga, Egyptian actor
• 1966 – David Schwimmer, American actor
• 1966 – Yoshinari Ogawa, Japanese professional wrestler
• 1967 – Kurt Elling, American jazz vocalist
• 1967 – Marc van Roon, Dutch improvising musician
• 1967 – Scott Walker, American politician
• 1968 – Ultra Naté, American musician
• 1969 – Reginald "Fieldy" Arvizu, American bassist (KoЯn)
• 1970 – Sharmell Sullivan, American professional wrestling valet
• 1970 – Ely Buendia, Filipino vocalist (Eraserheads)
• 1972 – Samantha Janus, British entertainer
• 1972 – Darío Silva, Uruguayan footballer
• 1972 – Vladimir Vorobiev, Russian ice hockey player
• 1973 – Marisol Nichols, American actress
• 1974 – Orlando Cabrera, Colombian baseball player
• 1974 – Nelly, American rapper
• 1974 – Prodigy, American rapper (Mobb Deep)
• 1975 – Stéphane Sarrazin, French rally driver
• 1975 – Chris Walla, American musician (Death Cab for Cutie)
• 1976 – Sidney Ponson, Aruban baseball player
• 1977 – Rodney Buford, American basketball player
• 1977 – Jason Cerbone, American actor
• 1977 – Konstantinos Economidis, Greek tennis player
• 1977 – Randy Harrison, American actor
• 1978 – Carmen Cali, American baseball player
• 1978 – Vitor "Shaolin" Ribeiro, Brazilian mixed-martial artist
• 1979 – Erika Flores, American actress
• 1979 – Julie Lund, Danish actress
• 1979 – Simone Puleo, Italian footballer
• 1980 – Kim So-yeon, South Korean actress
• 1980 – Diego Lugano, Uruguayan footballer
• 1980 – Amos Roberts Australian Rugby League player
• 1981 – Wilson Betemit, Dominican baseball player
• 1981 – Katharine Isabelle, Canadian actress
• 1981 – Avy Scott, American pornographic actress
• 1981 – Roddy White, American football player
• 1982 – Yunel Escobar, Cuban baseball player
• 1982 – Kyoko Fukada, Japanese actress, model and singer
• 1982 – Charles Itandje, French footballer
• 1984 – Tamara Hope, Canadian actress
• 1984 – Julia Stegner, German model
• 1986 – Andy Rautins, Canadian basketball player
• 1986 – Lara Sacher, Australian actress
• 1987 – Danny Cipriani, English rugby union player
• 1989 – Stevan Jovetić, Montenegrin footballer
• 1989 – Luke Schenn, Canadian hockey player
• 1989 – Katelyn Tarver, American singer
• 1990 – Kendall Schmidt, American singer and actor (Big Time Rush)
• 1995 – Brandon Soo Hoo, American actor

Deaths[link]

• 943 – Queen Emma of France, (b. 894)
• 1083 – Matilda of Flanders, Queen consort of William I the Conqueror (b. 1031)
• 1285 – King Peter III of Aragon (b. 1239)
• 1327 – King James II of Aragon (b. 1267)
• 1483 – Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, English politician (b. 1454)
• 1610 – Richard Bancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1544)
• 1618 – Archduke Maximilian III of Austria (b. 1568)
• 1716 – Engelbert Kaempfer, German physician and traveler (b. 1651)
• 1807 – Baron de Breteuil, French statesman (b. 1730)
• 1846 – Esaias Tegnér, Swedish writer, educator, and bishop (b. 1782)
• 1852 – Pyotr Kotlyarevsky, Russian general (b. 1782)
• 1863 – Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer (b. 1826)
• 1877 – Friedrich Graf von Wrangel, Prussian field marshal (b. 1784)
• 1887 – Jenny Lind, Swedish soprano (b. 1820)
• 1898 – George Goyder, English surveyor (b. 1826)
• 1905 – Albert von Kölliker, Swiss anatomist (b. 1817)
• 1935 – Jock Cameron, South African cricketer (b. 1905)
• 1944 – Thomas Midgley, Jr., American chemist and inventor (b. 1889)
• 1945 – Princess Thyra, daughter of Frederick VIII of Denmark (b. 1880)
• 1949 – Jerome F. Donovan, American politician (b. 1872)
• 1950 – George Bernard Shaw, Irish writer, Nobel laureate (b. 1856)
• 1952 – Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Ottoman general (b. 1862)
• 1958 – Jean Couzy, French mountaineer (b. 1923)
• 1959 – Michael Considine, Australian politician (b. 1885)
• 1960 – Dimitris Mitropoulos, Greek conductor and composer (b. 1896)
• 1961 – James Thurber, American humorist (b. 1894)
• 1963 – Ngô Đình Diệm, South Vietnamese politician (b. 1901)
• 1966 – Peter Debye, Dutch chemist, Nobel laureate (b. 1884)
• 1966 – Mississippi John Hurt, American blues singer (b. 1892)
• 1970 – Richard Cushing, cardinal and archbishop of Boston (b. 1895)
• 1971 – Robert Mensah, Ghanaian Olympian and association football player(b. 1939)
• 1975 – Pier Paolo Pasolini, Italian film director (b. 1922)
• 1979 – Jacques Mesrine, French criminal (b. 1936)
• 1982 – Lester Roloff, American religious personality (b. 1914)
• 1984 – Velma Barfield, American convicted murderer (b. 1932)
• 1986 – Paul Frees, American voice actor (b. 1920)
• 1991 – Irwin Allen, American film producer (b. 1916)
• 1992 – Hal Roach, American director and producer (b. 1892)
• 1996 – Eva Cassidy, American singer (b. 1963)
• 1996 – John G. Crommelin, United States Navy officer and white supremacist political candidate (b. 1902)
• 1998 – Vincent Winter, British actor (b. 1957)
• 2000 – Robert Cormier, American author, columnist and reporter (b. 1925)
• 2002 – Tonio Selwart, German actor (b. 1896)
• 2002 – Charles Sheffield, American author and physicist (b. 1935)
• 2003 – Frank McCloskey, American politician (b. 1939)
• 2004 – Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, United Arab Emiratesian politician (b. 1918)
• 2004 – Theo van Gogh, Dutch filmmaker (b. 1957)
• 2004 – Gerrie Knetemann, Dutch cyclist (b. 1951)
• 2005 – Ferruccio Valcareggi, Italian football player and coach (b. 1919)
• 2007 – Charmaine Dragun, Australian journalist (b. 1978)
• 2007 – Witold Kiełtyka, Polish metal drummer (b. 1984)
• 2007 – Igor Moiseyev, Russian choreographer (b. 1906)
• 2007 – Lillian Ellison, American professional wrestler (b. 1923)
• 2007 – Henry Cele, South African actor (b. 1949)
• 2010 – Andy Irons, American professional surfer (b. 1978)
• 2010 – Clyde King, American baseball player and manager (b. 1924)
• 2011 – Sickan Carlsson, Swedish actress and singer (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances[link]

• All Souls Day (Roman Catholic and Anglican Church), and its related observances:
  • Dia de Finados or Dia dos Fiéis Defuntos (Brazil and Portugal)
• Christian Feast Day:
  • Victorinus of Pettau
• Coronation of Haile Selassie (Rastafari movement)
• All Souls Day or Day of the Dead is the Día de los Difuntos in Spain.
• Day of the Dead, The second day of Day of the Dead or El Dia de los Muertos celebration. (Mexico)
• Earliest day on which Election Day can fall, while November 8 is the latest; celebrated on Tuesday following the first Monday in November of every even numbered year (United States)
• Indian Arrival Day (Mauritius)
• Karatsu Kunchi (Karatsu, Saga)
• Statehood Day (North Dakota and South Dakota)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: November 2

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

Kristen Stewart
Kristen Stewart at the 2012 Wondercon on March 17, 2012
Born	Kristen Jaymes Stewart (1990-04-09) April 9, 1990 (age 22) Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Occupation	Actress
Years active	1999–present
Signature
Website
kristenstewart.com

Kristen Jaymes Stewart (born April 9, 1990) is an American actress. She is best known for playing Bella Swan in The Twilight Saga. She has starred in other films, including Panic Room (2002), Zathura (2005), In the Land of Women (2007), The Messengers (2007), Adventureland (2009), The Runaways (2010), and Snow White and the Huntsman. She will star in upcoming films in 2012: On the Road and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2.

Early life[link]

Stewart was born and raised in Los Angeles, California.^[1][2][3] Her father, John Stewart, is a stage manager and television producer who has worked for Fox.^[4] Her mother, Jules Mann-Stewart, is a script supervisor originally from Maroochydore, Queensland, Australia.^[3][5][6][7] She has an older brother, Cameron Stewart, and an adopted brother, Taylor.^[8][9] Stewart attended school until the seventh grade and then continued her education by correspondence.^[3] She has since completed high school.^[10]

Career[link]

Early work[link]

Her whole family all worked behind the camera and Stewart thought she would become a writer/director, but never considered being an actor. "I never wanted to be the center of attention – I wasn't that 'I want to be famous, I want to be an actor' kid. I never sought out acting, but I always practiced my autograph because I love pens. I'd write my name on everything."^[11] Stewart's acting career began at the age of eight, after an agent saw her perform in her elementary school's Christmas play.^[12] After a year of auditioning, Stewart's first role was a small nonspeaking part in the Disney Channel original film The Thirteenth Year.^[4] Then, she had another part in the film The Flintstones in Viva Rock Vegas as the "ring toss girl".^[4] She subsequently appeared in the independent film The Safety of Objects, in which she played the tomboy daughter of a troubled single mother (Patricia Clarkson). Stewart also played a tomboy in the film Panic Room, playing the diabetic daughter of a divorced mother (Jodie Foster). She was nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance.^[13]

After Panic Room's success, Stewart was cast in another thriller, Cold Creek Manor, playing the daughter of Dennis Quaid's and Sharon Stone's characters. She was again nominated for a Young Artist Award for her performance.^[13] It was revealed that at about this time in her career, she had to be homeschooled due to her irregular schedule, which was affecting her grades. She said, "I started homeschooling because my teachers were failing me. I think it was just resentment – I made more work for them. But homeschooling is great; you can study what you want, which allows you to get more excited about what you're doing".^[13]

2004–07[link]

Her first starring role followed, in the children's action-comedy Catch That Kid, opposite Max Thieriot and Corbin Bleu. Stewart also played the role of Lila in the thriller Undertow. Stewart starred in the Lifetime/Showtime television film Speak (2004), based on the novel by Laurie Halse Anderson. Stewart, 13 at the time of filming, played high school freshman Melinda Sordino, who stops almost all verbal contact after being raped.

In 2005, Stewart appeared in the fantasy-adventure film Zathura, playing the role of Lisa, the irresponsible older sister of two little boys, who turn their house into a spacecraft hurtling uncontrollably in outer space by playing a board game. The film received praise by critics, but Stewart's performance did not garner much media attention, as it was noted that her character is immobilized during most of the film.^[14] The following year, she played the character Maya in Fierce People, directed by Griffin Dunne. After that film, she received the lead role of Jess Solomon in the supernatural thriller film The Messengers.

In 2007, Stewart appeared as teenager Lucy Hardwicke in In the Land of Women, a romantic drama starring Meg Ryan and Adam Brody. The film, as well as Stewart's performance, received mixed reviews. That same year, Stewart appeared in the Sean Penn-directed adaptation film Into the Wild. For her portrayal of Tracy – a teenage singer who has a crush on young adventurer Christopher McCandless (played by Emile Hirsch) – Stewart received mixed reviews. While Salon.com considered her work a "sturdy, sensitive performance",^[15] and the Chicago Tribune noted that she did "vividly well with a sketch of a role",^[16] Variety's critic Dennis Harvey said, "It's unclear whether Stewart means to be playing hippie-chick Tracy as vapid, or whether it just comes off that way."^[17] After Into the Wild, Stewart had a cameo appearance in Jumper and also appeared in What Just Happened, which was released in October 2008.^[18] She also co-starred in The Cake Eaters an independent film that has only been screened at film festivals.

2008–present[link]

On November 16, 2007, Summit Entertainment announced that Stewart would play Isabella "Bella" Swan in the film Twilight, based on Stephenie Meyer's bestselling vampire romance novel of the same name.^[19] Stewart was on the set of Adventureland when director Catherine Hardwicke visited her for an informal screen test which "captivated" the director.^[20] She starred alongside Robert Pattinson, who plays Edward Cullen, her character's vampire boyfriend. The film began production in February 2008 and finished filming in May 2008. Twilight was released domestically on November 21, 2008.^[21] Her performance garnered mixed reviews with some critcs calling her "the ideal casting choice" and praising her for conveying "Bella's detachment, as well as her need to bust through it"^[22] while others criticized her acting for being "wooden" and lacking variety in her facial expressions which they described as "blank".^[23]

Stewart reappeared as Bella in the sequel, The Twilight Saga: New Moon, once again receiving mixed reviews for her performance. Jordan Mintzer from Variety called Stewart "the heart and soul of the film" and praised her for giving "both weight and depth to dialogue...she makes Bella's psychological wounds seem like the real deal"^[24] Manohla Dargis from The New York Times said Stewart's "lonely-girl blues soon grow wearisome" throughout the film^[25] and Billy Goodykoontz from The Arizona Republic stated "Stewart is a huge disapointment... She sucks the energy right out of the film".^[26] She reprised this role in The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.

Kristen Stewart at the 2010 Academy Awards.

At the 2010 82nd Annual Academy Awards, Stewart and Twilight co-star Taylor Lautner presented a tribute in honour of the horror movie genre.^[27]

In 2009, Stewart starred in The Yellow Handkerchief, which debuted at the Sundance Film Festival and was released into theaters in 2010 by Samuel Goldwyn Films. She also starred alongside James Gandolfini in Welcome to the Rileys, which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in January 2010.

In 2010, Stewart portrayed rock star Joan Jett in The Runaways, a biographical film of the titular band of the same name from writer-director Floria Sigismondi.^[28] Stewart met with Jett over the 2008–2009 New Year to prepare for the role and ended up prerecording songs in a studio for the film.^[29] She received praise for her performance as the Metro Times wrote, "It turns out that Stewart is actually really good at capturing Jett's icy, tough-but-cool girl swagger, adding the needed touches of vulnerability that transform it into a pretty terrific performance... Stewart is a genuine rock star here."^[30] Also, A. O. Scott of The New York Times noted "Ms. Stewart, watchful and unassuming, gives the movie its spine and soul."^[31]

She was cast in the role of Mary Lou in an upcoming film adaptation of Jack Kerouac's cult classic novel On the Road. Shooting began in August 2010.^[32]

Stewart was listed as the highest earning female actress in Hollywood in the "2010's Top Hollywood Top Earners List" compiled by Vanity Fair. Throughout 2010, Stewart earned an estimated $28.5 million for all her movie appearances.^[33]

The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1 was released on November 18, 2011. The film was successful in the box office making $283.5 million its opening weekend. Though the film received negative reviews, Stewart's performance was praised. Gabriel Chong called Stewart's performance "mesmerising" and said that she "makes [Bella's] every emotion keenly felt that runs the gamut from joy, trepidation, anxiety, distress and above all quiet and resolute determination"^[34] and the Village Voice's Dan Konis saying Stewart "beautifully underplays"^[35] the role. However, some critics found Pattinson and Stewart's chemistry lacking and said that the relationship came off like a "charade" onscreen^[36] or that none of the three leads were convincing in their roles.^[37]

In March 2011, it was confirmed that Stewart would be playing Snow White in the film Snow White and the Huntsman.^[38] Filming began on August 15 and the film was released on June 1, 2012.^[39]

On December 6, 2011, Stewart was named number one on Forbes magazine's list of Hollywood's Best Actors for the Buck.^[40]

She was named the new face of an unnamed Balenciaga perfume on January 13, 2012.^[41]

In May 2012, Stewart was cast in the thiller titled Cali, directed by Nick Cassavetes. She will begin shooting the film at the end of this summer.^[42] Stewart plays one half of a troublesome pair of San Fernando Valley lovebirds who decide to sell a fake snuff film and permanently ditch with the cash. Years later, Stewart's character runs into a dilemma when she's compelled to return to Los Angeles to help out the little sister she left behind. After faking her own death, she must explain her dramatic decision to not only her closest family members but to the angry former business partners she left behind.

Personal life[link]

Stewart currently lives in Woodland Hills, Los Angeles. She has expressed a desire to live and work in Australia, saying, "I want to go to Sydney University in Australia. My mom's from there."^[43] Apart from acting, she is also interested in attending college in the near future, saying, "I want to go to college for literature. I want to be a writer. I mean, I love what I do, but it's not all I want to do – be a professional liar for the rest of my life."^[44] In 2008, in an interview with Vanity Fair, Stewart acknowledged that she was in a relationship with Michael Angarano, her co-star from Speak.^[45]

Since meeting on the set of Twilight, Stewart has been romantically linked to co-star Robert Pattinson.^[46] Though they have never explicitly confirmed a relationship, paparazzi photographs and eyewitness accounts have driven intense media and fan speculation and attention, making "Robsten" the subject of wide media coverage.^[47] In an interview with GQ, when asked why she remained reluctant to talk about the relationship despite evidence of it being accessible online, Stewart replied, "Yeah, I know it is...So much of my life is so easily googled. I mean, it's like, come on guys, it's so obvious!"^[47] When asked why she refuses to talk about her life, Stewart replied "I'm selfish. I'm like, 'That's mine!' And I like to keep whatever is mine remaining that way. It's a funny little game to play and it's a slippery slope. I always say to myself I'm never going to give anything away because there's never any point or benefit for me. I guarantee whenever I get married or have a baby, everyone is going to want to know my kid's name and I'm not going to say it for ages."^[47]

Filmography[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kristen Stewart

• Official website
• Kristen Stewart at the Internet Movie Database

Robert Pattinson
Pattinson at the premiere of Water for Elephants in 2011.
Born	Robert Thomas Pattinson (1986-05-13) 13 May 1986 (age 26) London, England , UK
Other names	Rob, R-Pattz,[1] Spunk Ransom[2] (nicknames)
Occupation	Actor, model, musician, producer
Years active	2004–present
Relatives	Lizzy Pattinson (sister)
Signature

Robert Thomas Pattinson^[3] (born 13 May 1986)^[4] is an English actor, model, musician, and producer.^[5] Born and raised in London, Pattinson started out his career by playing the role of Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire.^[6] Later, he landed the leading role of Edward Cullen in the film adaptations of the Twilight novels by Stephenie Meyer, and came to worldwide fame,^[7][8] thus establishing himself among the highest paid and most bankable actors in Hollywood.^[9][10][11] In 2010, Pattinson was named one of TIME magazine's 100 Most Influential People in The World, and also in the same year Forbes ranked him as one of the most powerful celebrities in the world in the Forbes Celebrity 100.^[12][13]

Early life[link]

Pattinson was born in London, England. His mother, Clare, worked for a modelling agency, and his father, Richard, imported vintage cars from the U.S.^[14] Pattinson has two elder sisters, singer Lizzy Pattinson, and Victoria Pattinson.^[15][16] Growing up in the Barnes suburb of London,^[17] he attended Tower House School until he was 12, and then The Harrodian School.^[18][19] He became involved in amateur theatre at the Barnes Theatre Company. He auditioned and was cast in a small role in Guys and Dolls. He next auditioned for Thornton Wilder's Our Town and was cast as George Gibbs. He also played in Anything Goes and Macbeth.^[20] He caught the attention of an acting agent in a production of Tess of the d'Urbervilles and began looking for professional roles.

Career[link]

Modelling[link]

Pattinson began modelling when he was twelve years old, but the number of jobs began to decrease only four years later. In December 2008 he blamed the lack of work as a model on his masculine appearance: "When I first started I was quite tall and looked like a girl, so I got lots of jobs, because it was during that period where the androgynous look was cool. Then, I guess, I became too much of a guy, so I never got any more jobs. I had the most unsuccessful modelling career."^[21] Pattinson appeared in the advertising campaign for Hackett's autumn 2007 collection.^[22]

Acting[link]

Early career[link]

Pattinson had supporting roles in the made for television film Ring of the Nibelungs in 2004 and in director Mira Nair’s Vanity Fair, although his scenes in the latter were deleted and only appear on the DVD version.^[23] In May 2005, he was slated to appear in the UK premiere of The Woman Before at the Royal Court Theatre, but was fired shortly before the opening night and was replaced by Tom Riley.^[24] Later that year he played Cedric Diggory in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. For this role he was named that year's British Star of Tomorrow by The Times^[25] and had more than once been touted as the next Jude Law.^[19][26][27]

2008-present[link]

In 2008 Pattinson landed the coveted role of Edward Cullen in the film Twilight, based on Stephenie Meyer's best-selling novel of the same name. According to TV Guide, Pattinson was initially apprehensive about auditioning for the role of Edward Cullen, fearful that he would not be able to live up to the "perfection" expected from the character.^[28] The film was released on November 21, 2008 and turned Pattinson into an instant overnight moviestar.^[29] Though the film received mixed reviews, critics praised his and co-star Kristen Stewart's chemisty in the film.^[30] The New York Times called Pattinson a "capable and exotically beautiful" actor^[31] and Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times said he was "well-chosen" for the role.^[32]

After Twilight Pattinson starred in the independent films Little Ashes (in which he plays Salvador Dalí), How to Be (a British comedy), andThe Summer House.

He reprised his role as Edward Cullen in the Twilight sequel The Twilight Saga: New Moon which was released on November 20, 2009. The film earned a record-breaking $142,839,137 opening weekend and an overall run of $709,827,462 worldwide.^[33] Though the film received negative reviews, film critic Michael Phillips from the Chicago Tribune said Pattinson was still "interesting to watch" despite the bad makeup.^[34] Bill GoodyKoontz from the Arizona Republic said, "Pattinson's actually not in the film that much, but he does his best when he's around"^[35] and Michael O'Sullivan of the Washington Post noted that his acting was "uniformly strong".^[36]

Pattinson at the 2009 Academy Awards

In 2009 Pattinson presented at the 81st Academy Awards.^[37] On November 10, Revolver Entertainment released the DVD Robsessed, a documentary which details Pattinson's life and popularity.^[38]

On May 13, 2010, Pattinson appeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show and on May 18, The Ellen DeGeneres Show for his film, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse.^[39] He attended the official worldwide red carpet premiere for The Twilight Saga: Eclipse on June 24, 2010, at the Los Angeles Nokia Theatre^[40] and the film was released on June 30, 2010, earning $698,491,347 worldwide.^[41][42]

In 2010, Pattinson executively produced and starred in the film Remember Me, which was released on March 12, 2010.^[43]

In 2011, he starred as Jacob Jankowski in Water for Elephants, a film adaptation of the Sara Gruen novel of the same name, with Christoph Waltz and Reese Witherspoon.^[44] The film received mixed reviews but Pattinson's performance was praised. Film critic Richard Corliss from Time praised Pattinson for being "shy and watchful" and said he "radiates a slow magnetism that locks the viewer’s eyes on him", ultimately calling him "star quality".^[45] Mick LaSalle from the San Francisco Chronicle stated that Pattinson succeeded at holding his own at the center of a major feature and was "endlessly watchable".^[46] Peter Travers of the Rolling Stone said he "smolders" in the film^[47] and Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter said, "Pattinson is entirely convincing as Jacob".^[48]

Pattinson reappeared as Edward Cullen in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1, which was released on November 18, 2011, and earned $705,058,657 at the box office.^[49]

He played Georges Duroy in a film adaptation of the 1885 novel Bel Ami, with Uma Thurman, Christina Ricci, and Kristin Scott Thomas. The film had a world premiere at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival^[50] and was released on February 12, 2012.^[51]

Pattinson will be starring in the upcoming film adaptation of Don Delillo's Cosmopolis, directed by David Cronenberg in 2012.^[52] The film has been selected to compete for the Palme d'Or at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival.^[53][54]

In May 2012, Pattinson was cast alongside Guy Pierce to star in David Michod's The Rover.^[55] He was also cast to star in the psychological thriller, Mission: Blacklist (film), based on the novel of the same name by military interrogator, Eric Maddox.^[56]

Music[link]

Pattinson plays guitar and piano, and composes his own music.^[57] He also appears as the singer of two songs on the Twilight soundtrack: "Never Think", which he co-wrote with Sam Bradley,^[58] and "Let Me Sign", which was written by Marcus Foster and Bobby Long.^[59] The songs were included in the film after director Catherine Hardwicke added Pattinson's recordings into an early cut without his knowledge, and he agreed that "one of them specifically, it really made the scene better. It was like it was supposed to be there."^[5] The soundtrack for the film How to Be features three original songs performed by Pattinson^[60] and written by composer Joe Hastings.^[61]

Aside from recording for the soundtracks, Pattinson has said, "I've never really recorded anything – I just played in pubs and stuff", and when asked about a professional music career, he said, "Music is my back-up plan if acting fails."^[5] In 2010, Pattinson was awarded the 'Hollywood's Most Influential Top Unexpected Musicians' award.

In the media[link]

Pattinson after The Twilight Saga: New Moon photo call at Crillon Hotel in 2009

Pattinson was named one of the "Sexiest Men Alive" in 2008 and 2009 by People magazine.^[62][63] In 2009, he was also named the "Sexiest Man Alive" by Glamour.^[64] Ask Men named Pattinson as one of the top 49 most influential men of 2009.^[65] In 2009, Vanity Fair named Pattinson "the most handsome man in the world" along with Angelina Jolie as the most beautiful woman in the world.^[66]

He was named one of Vanity Fair's "Top Hollywood Earners of 2009" with estimated earnings of $18 million in 2009.^[9][67]

In December 2009, Pattinson autographed a guitar to be auctioned off for charity.^[68] He also volunteered for the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief in January 2010.^[69]

GQ and Glamour both named him the "Best Dressed Man" of 2010, with GQ stating, "Extremely elegant and inspiring, the true essence of a contemporary man."^[70][71] In 2010, People also listed Pattinson in their "World's Most Beautiful" issue.^[72]

In 2010, Pattinson politely turned down a $2 million fashion campaign with Burberry.^[73]

Britain's The Sunday Times "Rich List" put him on its "list of young millionaires" in the UK, worth £13 million.^[74] Time magazine named him as one of 2010's 100 Most Influential People in The World.^[12] In June 2010, Pattinson was named by Forbes magazine the No.50 most powerful celebrity in the world with earnings $17 million.^[13] Due to Pattinson's rising fame, a wax statue of him was added to the Madame Tussauds collection in London and New York City.^[75] On 14 November 2010, Pattinson received two BBC Radio 1 Teen Awards, Best Dressed and Best Actor.^[76]

In 2011, Pattinson was No. 15 on Vanity Fair's "Hollywood Top 40" with earnings of $27.5 million in 2010.^[77] GQ once again named Pattinson the "Best Dressed Man" of 2012.^[78]

Personal life[link]

Since meeting on the set of Twilight, Pattinson has been romantically linked to co-star Kristen Stewart.^[79] Though they have never explicitly confirmed a relationship, paparazzi photographs and eyewitness accounts have driven intense media and fan speculation and attention making "Robsten" the subject of wide media coverage.^[80]

Filmography[link]

References[link]