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Work aversion (or aversion to work) is the state of avoiding or not wanting to work or be employed, or the extreme preference of leisure as opposed to work. It can be attributed to laziness, boredom, or burnout,^[1] most underachievers suffer from some work aversion.

Causes[link]

Work aversion usually occurs in persons who have previously been employed, and can have a variety of causes. These include:^{[citation needed]}

• Boredom with work.^[1] Holding a boring job early in life can lead to the impression later that all work is boring.^[2]
• Depression: A person who is suffering from clinical depression, dysthymia, grief, or other similar disorders may lack the motivation to work.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Due to neurological dysfunction, the person becomes preoccupied with anxiety-based obsessions, and performs compulsive behaviors in order to cope with their anxiety. They are therefore unable to redirect their attention toward a job or employment search.
• Panic disorder: For some, merely finding oneself in a work environment can trigger a panic attack. After such an occurrence, many are reluctant to seek further employment.
• Post-traumatic stress disorder: The person has suffered from a traumatic experience at an earlier job. This may be a physical injury suffered on the job, a scary event that occurred while at work (such as a robbery of the place of employment), severe harassment or bullying from fellow employees, or abuse from one's boss or employer.
• Abrupt termination: A former employee who was fired or laid off from an earlier job may be fearful of seeking future employment on the basis that such rejection may recur again.
• Phobia: Some persons are simply phobic of the workplace.

Complications[link]

Since the term work aversion only applies to one with the need to earn income, complications will inevitably arise from lacking the money the subject needs from employment. These may include:

• Loss of assets, as one lives off his/her savings and liquidates other assets, including mortgaging his/her home.
• Debt and credit problems
• Self-neglect. This may include malnourishment, since the subject may be unable to afford a sufficient diet, or neglect of one's personal appearance or hygiene in ways that may cost the subject money or may make giving a good impression to a potential employer more difficult.
• Neglect of dependents, such as spouse and children, who one is expected to support. Work aversion is responsible for many cases of divorce and broken families.^{[citation needed]}
• Neglect of personal belongings, such as one's home, car, or other possessions requiring maintenance, or loss of services that require payment of a monthly bill, such as utilities, phone service, insurance.
• Strained relations with family and friends, especially those who are forced to support the unemployed subject, or those who otherwise expect the subject to have money or items of value.
• Strained marriage, when financial problems hurt marriage
• Reduced socialization, especially in cases where the subject is in need of money to support such interaction.
• Homelessness, in most severe cases. A 1987 public opinion survey in Nashville found that 45% of respondents believed homelessness is caused by work aversion.^[3]

Treatment[link]

The mental health community does not recognize work aversion as an illness or disease and therefore no medically recognized treatments exist. Those attempting to treat work aversion as an illness may use psychotherapy, counseling, medication, or some more unusual forms of treatment. Depending on the cause, lengths of treatment and success rates may vary.

In the case where the person has not worked for a while due to a workplace injury, work-hardening can be used to build strength. The person works for a brief period of time in the first week, such as two hours per day and increases the amount of work each week until full-time hours are reached.^[4]

Criticism[link]

Work aversion is not a recognized psychological disorder in the DSM-IV.

The idea that work itself has intrinsic value or is an indicator of health or goodness can be traced to the Protestant Reformation.^[5]

See also[link]

• Anti-work
• Drapetomania
• Disability fraud
• Ergophobia
• Procrastination
• Slacker
• Work ethic
• Work-leisure dichotomy

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• The Abolition of Work and Other Myths, Neala Schleuning, (Summer, 1995), which was (supposed to be) a response to...
• The Abolition of Work, by Bob Black.

External links[link]

• Social Security Disability home page

Cihan Kaan (born 1976) is a musician, filmmaker and author from the United States, who resides in New York. His career began as a musician, releasing and recording electronic music under the alias of 8Bit.

He is best known for his first Novel, Halal Pork and Other Stories. It focuses on a post 9/11 world set in New York, exploring the misinterpretations of religion and races in a compelling way. Kaan wrote and directed the short film 'She's Got an Atomic Bomb'. He is also the first American fiction author from both Turkish and Crimean Tatar descent.

Early life[link]

Kaan was born in Dallas, Texas, but at a young age moved to New York. His education took place in New York, where he attended Brooklyn College, taking classes with renowned writer Allen Ginsburg before his passing.

He was brought up in a community of Transcendental Meditation he was also influenced early on by Sufism. His father was a translator for Muzaffer Ozak, who was a head sheikh of the Halveti-Jerrahi order of Dervishes.^[1] The non-denominational teachings of TM along with the traditional Turkish Sufi Order greatly influenced his open views on religion and identity. He has stated of views that, "When you lose yourself inside the memories of your homeland, especially if you are in the United States, you are split—basically, you’re experiencing a sort of ethnic schizophrenia...Existing in these beliefs leads to confusion, disappointment and suffering. It is also a feature of ignorance." ^[2]

Career[link]

Music[link]

Kaan's first work, a Hardcore Techno record was released under the name 8Bit in 1995 on Digital Hut Records, a now defunkt record label out of Brooklyn, New York and was composed while still a high-school student entirely on an Commodore Amiga using tracker software Octamed. ^[3] An earlier demo of his composition style had been described by artist The Horrorist as sounding gritty and lo-fi, thus "8bit" and giving rise to the origins of the name. ^[4] Subsequently under the pseudonym 8Bit, Kaan released several more records and has his music appear on various compilations across a variety of record labels. ^[5]

Music Videos[link]

In 1997, his directorial debut was for the music video "Action High" ^[6] by punk band Electric Frankenstein. From 1998-1999, he began what would be writing a trilogy of music videos for various Techno artists. The first of this trilogy was techno act Atomic Babes and their song “Purple”, closely followed by “Refuse to fight” for DJ Frankie Bones both of which aired on MTV's electronic music only show MTV's AMP.^[7][8] In 1999 he directed “Playing with Lightning”, which also appeared on the soundtrack for the movie Blade.

He has recently moved from behind the camera to in front appearing in the video "Get Over It".^[9]

Films[link]

In 2005, he wrote and directed a short film titled, ‘She’s Got an Atomic Bomb’^[10] subversively titled but described as focusing on "...the culture of fear - people are scared. I want to focus on issues, but the film is undeniably a comedy that deals with something very serious. It's got punks, mobsters, squatters, thieves, a graveyard-shift manager at a sewage treatment plant - everything is positioned under the street, so to speak."^[11] The film was toured at film festivals and four-walled taking various accolades with it.^[12]It is a science fiction comedy based on a punk rock femme fatale who is falsely accused of a terrorist plot to blow up a sewage treatment facility in Brooklyn who then plots to build an A-Bomb with the help of the local Russian Mafia.^[13] Stylistically the film contains references to John Waters, David Lynch and grindhouse style cinema. The film was subsequently distributed at Hot Topic and GoKart Records.^[14] It was also nominated and won awards at other film festivals including, the Coney Island Film Festival, The Lost Film Festival and taking home the Audience Award at the B-Movie Film Festival.

Kaan then went onto write and produce a second short film, 'Shuffle Mode', an avante-garde commentary on technology and recently edited the feature "Let's Stay Together" which was featured as one of Rolling Out's Great Black Independent Films of 2012.^[15][16]

Books[link]

His first book, Halal Pork and Other Stories was published in Spring 2011. It was released by UpSet Press, a small press from Brooklyn.^[17] It was "...the fastest selling book by a first time author published by UpSet Press".^[18]

The publishing of the book made him the first American fiction author from Crimean Tatar descent. His op-ed writing has appeared in a number of places including Al Jazeera English,^[19] Elan Magazine^[20]

Style[link]

Bomb Magazine described his first book "Halal Pork & Other Stories", released in 2011, as "...a place where Coney Island meets Mars; where hijabi girls are punk rock dervishes; where identity salesmen count pigeons at insane asylums as a cream cheese conspiracy brews in Gitmo; where rich boys pay to be Muslim for a day; where the transgendered are holy; and where the bacon is halal.” ^[21] Rumpus Magazine went on to describe the stories as, "The stories mix Muslim terminology with twisted stereotypes and will capture the interest of anyone seeking to understand Islam in America."^[22] It consists of various stories told in different points of view and styles taking place in a surreal New York post 9/11 world exploring the misinterpretations of religion and races in a compelling way.^[18]

Moustafa Bayoumi described the book as "Irreverent, urgent, funny and refreshingly unpredictable, Kaan entertains and instructs in devious and delightful ways".^[23]

Generation Change[link]

Kaan is a member of Generation Change, a group of Young American Muslims committed to engaging communities towards interfaith understanding and development. The group is a US State Department incentive led by Hillary Clinton. ^[24]

References[link]

Daniel Kahneman
Born	(1934-03-05) March 5, 1934 (age 78) Tel Aviv, Mandatory Palestine
Residence	United States
Nationality	United States, Israel
Fields	Psychology, economics
Institutions	Princeton University 1993– University of California, Berkeley 1986–93 University of British Columbia 1978–86 Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 1972–73 Hebrew University of Jerusalem 1961–77
Alma mater	University of California, Berkeley Ph.D, 1961 Hebrew University B.A., 1954
Doctoral advisor	Susan M. Ervin-Tripp
Known for	Cognitive biases Behavioral economics Prospect theory
Notable awards	APA Lifetime Achievement Award (2007) Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (2002) APS Distinguished Scientific Contribution Award (1982)

Daniel Kahneman (Hebrew: דניאל כהנמן‎) (born March 5, 1934) is an Israeli-American psychologist and Nobel laureate. He is notable for his work on the psychology of judgment and decision-making, behavioral economics and hedonic psychology.

With Amos Tversky and others, Kahneman established a cognitive basis for common human errors using heuristics and biases (Kahneman & Tversky, 1973; Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky, 1982; Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), and developed prospect theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his work in prospect theory.

In 2011, he was named by Foreign Policy magazine to its list of top global thinkers.^[1]. In the same year, his book Thinking, Fast and Slow, which summarizes much of his research, was published and became a best seller.

Currently, he is professor emeritus of psychology and public affairs at Princeton University's Woodrow Wilson School. Kahneman is a founding partner of The Greatest Good, a business and philanthropy consulting company. He is married to Royal Society Fellow Anne Treisman.^[2]

Biography[link]

Early years[link]

Daniel Kahneman was born in Tel Aviv in 1934, where his mother was visiting relatives. He spent his childhood years in Paris, France, where his parents had emigrated from Lithuania in the early 1920s.

Kahneman and his family were in Paris when it was occupied by Nazi Germany in 1940. His father was picked up in the first major round-up of French Jews, but was released after six weeks due to the intervention of his employer. The family was on the run for the remainder of the war, and survived intact except for the death of Kahneman's father of diabetes in 1944. Daniel Kahnemann and his family then moved to the British Mandatory Palestine in 1948, just prior to Israel's independence (Kahneman, 2003).

Kahneman has written of his experience in Nazi-occupied France, explaining in part why he entered the field of psychology:

It must have been late 1941 or early 1942. Jews were required to wear the Star of David and to obey a 6 p.m. curfew. I had gone to play with a Christian friend and had stayed too late. I turned my brown sweater inside out to walk the few blocks home. As I was walking down an empty street, I saw a German soldier approaching. He was wearing the black uniform that I had been told to fear more than others – the one worn by specially recruited SS soldiers. As I came closer to him, trying to walk fast, I noticed that he was looking at me intently. Then he beckoned me over, picked me up, and hugged me. I was terrified that he would notice the star inside my sweater. He was speaking to me with great emotion, in German. When he put me down, he opened his wallet, showed me a picture of a boy, and gave me some money. I went home more certain than ever that my mother was right: people were endlessly complicated and interesting (Kahneman, 2003, p. 417).

Education and military service[link]

Kahneman received his B. Sc. with a major in psychology and a minor in mathematics from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1954. After earning his undergraduate degree, he served in the psychology department of the Israeli Defense Forces. One of his responsibilities was to evaluate candidates for officer's training school, and to develop tests and measures for this purpose. In 1958, he went to the United States to study for his Ph.D. degree in Psychology from the University of California, Berkeley.

Career[link]

Cognitive psychology[link]

Kahneman began his academic career as a lecturer in psychology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem in 1961. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1966.

His early work focused on visual perception and attention. For example, his first publication in the prestigious journal Science was entitled "Pupil Diameter and Load on Memory" (Kahneman & Beatty, 1966). During this period, Kahneman was a visiting scientist at the University of Michigan (1965–66) and the Applied Psychological Research Unit in Cambridge (1968/1969, summers). He was a fellow at the Center for Cognitive Studies and a lecturer in psychology at Harvard University in 1966/1967.

Judgment and decision-making[link]

This period marks the beginning of Kahneman's lengthy collaboration with Amos Tversky. Together, Kahneman and Tversky published a series of seminal articles in the general field of judgment and decision-making, culminating in the publication of their prospect theory in 1979 (Kahneman & Tversky, 1979). Kahneman was awarded the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 2002 for his work on prospect theory, and it is generally regarded as a given that Tversky would also have received the prize had he still been alive (he died in 1996).

In his Nobel biography, Kahneman states that his collaboration with Tversky began after Kahneman had invited Tversky to give a guest lecture to one of Kahneman's seminars at Hebrew University in 1968 or 1969. Their first jointly-authored paper, "Belief in the Law of Small Numbers," was published in 1971 (Tversky & Kahneman, 1971). They published seven articles in peer-reviewed journals in the years 1971–1979. Aside from "Prospect Theory," the most important of these articles was "Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases" (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974), which was published in the prestigious journal Science and introduced the notion of anchoring.

Kahneman left Hebrew University in 1978 to take a position at the University of British Columbia. This move had little or no immediate effect on his collaborations with Tversky, for Tversky moved on to Stanford University that same year.

Behavioral economics[link]

Kahneman and Tversky were both fellows at the Center for Advanced Studies in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University in the academic year 1977–1978. A young economist named Richard Thaler was a visiting professor at the Stanford branch of the National Bureau of Economic Research during that same year. According to Kahneman, "[Thaler and I] soon became friends, and have ever since had a considerable influence on each other's thinking" (Kahneman, 2003, p. 437). Building on Prospect theory and Kahneman and Tversky's body of work, Thaler published "Toward a Positive Theory of Consumer Choice" in 1980, a paper which Kahneman has called "the founding text in behavioral economics" (Kahneman, 2003, p. 438).

Kahneman and Tversky both became heavily involved in the development of this new approach to economic theory, and their involvement in this movement had the effect of reducing the intensity and exclusivity of their earlier period of joint collaboration. Although they would continue to publish together until the end of Tversky's life, their years of near-exclusive collaboration were coming to an end.

The period when Kahneman published almost exclusively with Tversky began to wind down in 1983, when Kahneman published two papers with Anne Treisman, his wife since 1978.

Hedonic psychology[link]

In the nineties, Kahneman's research focus began to gradually shift in emphasis towards the field of "hedonic psychology." This subfield is closely related to the positive psychology movement, which was steadily gaining in popularity at the time. According to Kahneman and colleagues,

"Hedonic psychology...is the study of what makes experiences and life pleasant or unpleasant. It is concerned with feelings of pleasure and pain, of interest and boredom, of joy and sorrow, and of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. It is also concerned with the whole range of circumstances, from the biological to the societal, that occasion suffering and enjoyment." (Kahneman, Diener & Schwarz, 1999, p. ix)

It is difficult to determine precisely when Kahneman's research began to focus on hedonics, although it likely stemmed from his work on the economic notion of utility. After publishing multiple articles and chapters in all but one of the years spanning the period 1979–1986 (for a total of 23 published works in 8 years), Kahneman published exactly one chapter during the years 1987–1989. After this hiatus, articles on utility and the psychology of utility began to appear (e.g. Kahneman & Snell, 1990; Kahneman & Thaler, 1991; Kahneman & Varey, 1991). In 1992, Varey and Kahneman introduced the method of evaluating moments and episodes as a way to capture "experiences extended across time." While Kahneman continued to study decision-making (e.g. Kahneman, 1992, 1994; Kahneman & Lovallo, 1993), hedonic psychology was the focus of an increasing number of publications (e.g. Fredrickson & Kahneman, 1993; Kahneman, Fredrickson, Schreiber & Redelemeier, 1993; Kahneman, Wakker & Sarin, 1997; Redelmeier & Kahneman, 1996), culminating in a volume co-edited with Ed Diener and Norbert Schwarz, two of the most established and esteemed scholars of affect and well-being (Kahneman, Diener & Schwarz, 1999).

Together with David Schkade, Kahneman developed the notion of the focusing illusion (Kahneman & Schkade, 1998; Kahneman, Krueger, Schkade, Schwarz & Stone, 2006) to explain in part the mistakes people make when estimating the effects of different scenarios on their future happiness (also known as affective forecasting, which has been studied extensively by Daniel Gilbert). The "illusion" occurs when people consider the impact of one specific factor on their overall happiness, they tend to greatly exaggerate the importance of that factor, while overlooking the numerous other factors that would in most cases have a greater impact. A good example is provided by Kahneman and Schkade's 1998 paper "Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction." In that paper, students in the Midwest and in California reported similar levels of life satisfaction, but the Midwesterners thought their Californian peers would be happier. The only distinguishing information the Midwestern students had when making these judgments was the fact that their hypothetical peers lived in California. Thus, they "focused" on this distinction, thereby overestimating the effect of the weather in California on its residents' satisfaction with life.

Teaching[link]

Kahneman is currently a senior scholar and faculty member emeritus at Princeton University's Department of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs. He is also a fellow at Hebrew University and a Gallup Senior Scientist.^[3]

Personal life[link]

Daniel Kahneman is married to Anne Treisman, fellow professor of psychology at Princeton University.^[2]

Honors and awards[link]

• In 2002, Kahneman received the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics, despite being a research psychologist, for his work in Prospect theory. Kahneman states he has never taken a single economics course – that everything that he knows of the subject he and Tversky learned from their collaborators Richard Thaler and Jack Knetsch.

• Kahneman, co-recipient with Amos Tversky, earned the 2003 University of Louisville Grawemeyer Award for Psychology.

• In 2005, he was voted the 101st-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.^[4]

• In 2007, he was presented with the American Psychological Association's Award for Outstanding Lifetime Contributions to Psychology.^[5]

• On November 6, 2009, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from the department of Economics at Erasmus University in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. In his acceptance speech Kahneman said, "when you live long enough, you see the impossible become reality." He was referring to the fact that he would never have expected to be honored as an economist when he started his studies into what would become Behavioral Economics.^[6]

• In 2011, he made the Bloomberg 50 most influential people in global finance.^[7]

• On November 9, 2011, he was awarded the Talcott Parsons Prize by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. To see his lecture, click the link below. ^[8]

• His book, Thinking, Fast and Slow was the winner of the 2011 Los Angeles Times Book Award for Current Interest.^[9]

Notable contributions[link]

Publications[link]

Note: This is only a partial list of Kahneman's publications, which are very numerous. Publications were selected for their importance (as indexed by citation counts) and/or representativeness.

• Tversky, A.; Kahneman, D. (1971). "Belief in the law of small numbers". Psychological Bulletin 76 (2): 105–110. DOI:10.1037/h0031322. 
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1972). "Subjective probability: A judgment of representativeness". Cognitive Psychology 3 (3): 430–454. DOI:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90016-3. 
• Kahneman, D. (1973). Attention and effort. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1973). "On the psychology of prediction". Psychological Review 80 (4): 237–251. DOI:10.1037/h0034747. 
• Tversky, A.; Kahneman, D. (1973). "Availability: A heuristic for judging frequency and probability". Cognitive Psychology 5 (2): 207–232. DOI:10.1016/0010-0285(73)90033-9. 
• Tversky, A.; Kahneman, D. (1974). "Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases". Science 185 (4157): 1124–1131. DOI:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124. PMID 17835457. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/185/4157/1124?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=Judgment+Under+Uncertainty%3A+Heuristics+and+Biases&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT. 
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1979). "Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk". Econometrica 47 (2): 263–291. DOI:10.2307/1914185. JSTOR 1914185. 
• Tversky, A.; Kahneman, D. (1981). "The framing of decisions and the psychology of choice". Science 211 (4481): 453–458. DOI:10.1126/science.7455683. PMID 7455683. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/211/4481/453?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&fulltext=The+framing+of+decisions+and+the+psychology+of+choice&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&resourcetype=HWCIT. 
• Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1984). "Choices, values and frames". American Psychologist 39 (4): 341–350. DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.39.4.341. 
• Kahneman, D.; Miller, D.T. (1986). "Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives". Psychological Review 93 (2): 136–153. DOI:10.1037/0033-295X.93.2.136. 
• Kahneman, D.; Knetsch, J.L.; Thaler, R.H. (1990). "Experimental tests of the endowment effect and the Coase theorem". Journal of Political Economy 98 (6): 1325–1348. DOI:10.1086/261737. 
• Fredrickson, B. L.; Kahneman, D. (1993). "Duration neglect in retrospective evaluations of affective episodes". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65 (1): 45–55. DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.65.1.45. PMID 8355141. 
• Kahneman, D.; Lovallo, D. (1993). "Timid choices and bold forecasts: A cognitive perspective on risk-taking". Management Science 39: 17–31. DOI:10.1287/mnsc.39.1.17. 
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1996). "On the reality of cognitive illusions". Psychological Review 103 (3): 582–591. DOI:10.1037/0033-295X.103.3.582. PMID 8759048. 
• Schkade, D. A.; Kahneman, D. (1998). "Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction". Psychological Science 9 (5): 340–346. DOI:10.1111/1467-9280.00066. 
• Kahneman, D., Diener, E., & Schwarz, N. (Eds.). (1999). Well-being: The foundations of hedonic psychology. New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (Eds.). (2000). Choices, values and frames. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Kahneman, D. (2003). "A perspective on judgment and choice: Mapping bounded rationality". American Psychologist 58 (9): 697–720. DOI:10.1037/0003-066X.58.9.697. PMID 14584987. 
• Kahneman, D.; Krueger, A.; Schkade, D.; Schwarz, N.; Stone, A. (2006). "Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion". Science 312 (5782): 1908–10. DOI:10.1126/science.1129688. PMID 16809528. http://www.morgenkommichspaeterrein.de/ressources/download/125krueger.pdf. 
• Thinking, Fast and Slow (ISBN 978-0374275631) publisher: Farrar, Straus and Giroux (October 25, 2011). Reviewed by Freeman Dyson in New York Review of Books, 22-Dec-2011, pages 40-44.

Bibliography[link]

• Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking Fast and Slow, Allen Lane 2011
• Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: A perspective on intuitive judgment and choice. In T. Frangsmyr (Ed.), Les Prix Nobel 2002 [Nobel Prizes 2002]. Stockholm, Sweden: Almquist & Wiksell International. Note that this chapter has two sections: the first is an autobiography (with a eulogy for Amos Tversky), and the second is a transcript of his Nobel lecture, which is what the title refers to. The autobiographical portion has been republished as: Kahneman, D. (2007). Daniel Kahneman. In G. Lindzey & W.M. Runyan (Eds.), A History of Psychology in Autobiography, Volume IX (pp. 155–197). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. It is also available on the Nobel Prize website.
• Kahneman, D.; Beatty, J. (1966). "Pupil diameter and load on memory". Science 154 (3756): 1583–1585. DOI:10.1126/science.154.3756.1583. PMID 5924930. 
• Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982). Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1973). "On the psychology of prediction". Psychological Review 80 (4): 237–251. DOI:10.1037/h0034747. 
• Kahneman, D.; Tversky, A. (1979). "Prospect theory: An analysis of decisions under risk". Econometrica 47: 313–327. 
• Professor Paul Bloom, Yale University 2008, Yale Open Course, Introduction to Psychology, Lecture 10 Transcript

Interviews with Kahneman[link]

• 'Can We Trust Our Intuitions?' in Alex Voorhoeve Conversations on Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-19-921537-9 (Discusses Kahneman's views about the reliability of moral intuitions [case judgments] and the relevance of his work for the search for 'reflective equilibrium' in moral philosophy.)

Radio Interviews

• All in the Mind, ABC, Australia (2003)
• All in the Mind, BBC, Great Britain (2011)

On-line Interviews

• Thinking about Thinking - An Interview with Daniel Kahneman (2011) [1]

See also[link]

Psychology portal

• List of economists
• List of Jewish Nobel laureates
• Optimism bias
• Planning fallacy
• Amos Tversky

References[link]

External links[link]

• Daniel Kahneman official website
  • Daniel Kahneman CV
• Maps of Bounded Rationality 2002 lecture at NobelPrize.org
• Profile and Papers at Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)
• Works by or about Daniel Kahneman in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Lecture on "The riddle of experience vs. memory" at TED, February 2010
• Teller exploits fast thinking
• Talcott Parsons Prize Ceremony and Address: Two Systems of the Mind