Branches of Mathematics

Pure mathematics

• Algebra
• Calculus
• Geometry
• Topology
• Trignometry
• Combinatorics
• Logic
• Number theory

Applied mathematics

• Dynamical systems and differential equations
• Mathematical physics
• Computing
• Information theory and signal processing
• Probability and statistics
• Game theory
• Operations research

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• 
  

• 
  Absolute 80s
  Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°08′13″W / 51.512248°N 0.136937°W / 51.512248; -0.136937
  Absolute 80s, is a digital radio station in the United Kingdom catering for "reluctant adults" who want to reconnect with the tunes of their 80s youth.
  Absolute 80s launched at 7.00pm on 4 December 2009 replacing Absolute Xtreme.
  The marketing plan for Absolute 80s started with targeted sampling at 80s events such as Madness, Pet Shop Boys and Depeche Mode at the O2 Arena, and Simple Minds at Wembley Arena. The first track to play on the station was (You Gotta) Fight for Your Right (To Party!) by the Beastie Boys.
  On Friday 14 May 2010, Absolute 80s launched on Digital One national DAB digital radio.
  Currently, DJs on Absolute 80s include Leona Graham, Martyn Lee, and Richie Firth. Sarah Champion hosts a live Friday night 80s show on sister station Absolute Radio that is also simulcast live on Absolute 80s. The Christian O'Connell Breakfast Show (Which also includes Richie Firth and Martyn Lee) from Absolute Radio is also simulcast live on Absolute 80s.
  
  wn.com/Absolute_80s
• 
  Absolute Radio
  Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°08′13″W / 51.512248°N 0.136937°W / 51.512248; -0.136937
  Absolute Radio is one of the UK's three Independent National Radio stations. The station rebranded to its current name at 7:45 am on 29 September 2008.
  The station is based in London and plays popular rock music. It currently broadcasts on mediumwave and DAB across the UK, on 105.8 FM in London, Sky (channel 0107), Virgin Media (channel 915), Freeview (channel 727), Freesat (channel 724) and TalkTalk TV (channel 620). It is also available in other parts of the world via satellite, cable, and on the Internet. Absolute Radio is a patron of The Radio Academy.
  The 1990 Broadcasting Act allowed for the launch of independent national radio (INR) stations in the United Kingdom. The Radio Authority was mandated to award three INR licences, one of which (INR1) had to be for a 'non-pop' station (which was awarded to Classic FM), and one of which had to be for a predominantly speech-based service (this would be advertised later as INR3 and would be awarded to Talk Radio). The remaining licence was to be open to 'all-comers'. The licences were to be awarded to the highest cash bidder, providing that the applicant met criteria set down in the Broadcasting Act.
  
  wn.com/Absolute_Radio
• 
  Absolute Radio 90s
  Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°08′13″W / 51.512248°N 0.136937°W / 51.512248; -0.136937
  Absolute Radio 90s is a spin-off service from Absolute Radio. Like Absolute 80s, this DAB spin-off service is a rolling music service which plays music from the 1990s. Some of the artists which feature on the service include Blur, Oasis, The Chemical Brothers, Guns and Roses, Portishead, The Stone Roses, Radiohead and Primal Scream amongst others. It was launched on DAB Digital Radio in London in June 2010 and on the Digital One platform on 25 August 2010 and was initially available for one month as a 'test'. However, the availability of the station nationally continued beyond the end of September, and after a strong opening Rajar figure, it was confirmed that the 90s service would continue to be available on Digital One.
  The station was announced in May 2010 when Absolute 80s launched on the Digital One national multiplex.
  In fact, the station had by June 11, narrowed what the launch song would be down to two - Blur's "Country House" or Oasis's "Roll With It". Even after the two groups have split, the rivalry between the two continues. Potential listeners could decide by going to the stations website. The service was officially launched on Monday, June 21, 2010 by Christian O'Connell at 10am with the Oasis song "Roll With It" being the first song played on the station (with 58% of the vote). It was then followed by a 90s mixtape.
  
  wn.com/Absolute_Radio_90s
• 
  Absolute Radio Extra
  Coordinates: 51°30′44″N 0°08′13″W / 51.512248°N 0.136937°W / 51.512248; -0.136937
  Absolute Radio Extra is a part time radio service similar to BBC Radio 5 Live Sports Extra. The station was launched to broadcast the exclusive live coverage of the Premier League Games under the Rock n Roll Football brand, also broadcast on the main Absolute station and Absolute Radio 90s. The station is also used to broadcast live and pre-recorded uninterrupted sets from artists and bands under the Absolute Radio Live brand, In 2010 the station broadcast live sets from festivals such as V Festival. Also comedy sets are broadcast by Frank Skinner and Dave Gorman which presents weekend breakfast shows on Absolute Radio. When off air on DAB, 'Absolute R Extra' points to Absolute Radio 90s.
  Absolute Radio Extra is available on Saturday afternoons on Absolute Radio’s AM Frequencies between 1.30 and 6.30 In a number of areas, particularly in areas where the signal from the main 1215 transmitters overlap with each other, Absolute Radio Extra operates a number of filler transmitters on different frequencies :-
  
  wn.com/Absolute_Radio_Extra
• 
  AkzoNobel
  Akzo Nobel N.V., trading as AkzoNobel, is a Dutch multinational, active in the fields of decorative paints, performance coatings and specialty chemicals. Headquartered in Amsterdam, the company has activities in more than 80 countries, and employs approximately 55,000 people. Sales in 2010 were EUR 14.6 billion. Following the acquisition of ICI, the company has restructured in 2 January 2008, and rebranded itself in 25 April of the same year.
  AkzoNobel consists of 19 business units, with business responsibility and autonomy. For managerial purpose these cooperate in three groups, which are supported by one managerial board.
  As of January 1, 2011, a nine member-strong Executive Committee (ExCo) was established, which is composed of five members of the Board of Management (BOM) and four leaders with functional expertise, allowing both the functions and the business areas to be represented at the highest levels in the company.
  The ExCo includes Chairman and CEO Ton Büchner, CFO Keith Nichols, Leif Darner (responsible for Performance Coatings), Rob Frohn (responsible for Speciality Chemicals), Tex Gunning (responsible for Decorative Paints), Graeme Armstrong (responsible for Research, Development & Innovation), Sven Dumoulin (General Counsel), Werner Fuhrmann (responsible for Supply Chain/Sourcing) and Marjan Oudeman (responsible for HR and Organizational Development). The board holds office in Amsterdam. Prior to August 2007, the group was headquartered in Arnhem.
  
  wn.com/AkzoNobel
• 
  Amazing Radio
  Amazing Radio is a national radio station broadcasting on digital radio in the United Kingdom. The station plays new music from a number of music genres including pop, rock, indie, hip hop, electronica and jazz. The station is broadcasting on the Digital One ensemble and replaced the temporary Birdsong test transmission which had been running for a year and a half beforehand.
  The station takes its music from its sister website amazingtunes.com and encourages its listeners to have their say as to which songs should make the station's playlist.
  
  
  Georgie Rogers: Presents Amazing Breakfast every weekday between 7am and 10am. Previously, she has been a music reporter on BBC 6 Music and Brighton Festival Radio.
  Chris Martin: Presents a self-titled show every weekday between 10am and 1pm. He joined the station after a successful stint on NME Radio and still DJs regularly for Propaganda.
  Greg Porter: Presents Amazing Afternoons every weekday from 3pm to 7pm. Previously part of The Greg and Burtt Show on the station, Porter returned to Amazing Radio after appearing on Spark FM.
  
  wn.com/Amazing_Radio
• 
  Amsterdam
  Amsterdam (English /ˈæmstərdæm/; Dutch: [ˌɑmstərˈdɑm] ( listen)) is the largest city and the capital of the Netherlands. The city's status as the capital of the nation is governed by the constitution. Amsterdam has a population of 790,654 within city limits, an urban population of 1,209,419 and a metropolitan population of 2,289,762. The city is located in the province of North Holland in the west of the country. It comprises the northern part of the Randstad, one of the larger conurbations in Europe, with a population of approximately 7 million.
  Amsterdam's name is derived from Amstelredamme, indicative of the city's origin: a dam in the river Amstel. Settled as a small fishing village in the late 12th century, Amsterdam became one of the most important ports in the world during the Dutch Golden Age, a result of its innovative developments in trade. During that time, the city was the leading center for finance and diamonds. In the 19th and 20th centuries, the city expanded, and many new neighborhoods and suburbs were formed. The 17th-century canals of Amsterdam (in Dutch: 'Grachtengordel'), located in the heart of Amsterdam, were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in July 2010.
  
  wn.com/Amsterdam
• 
  BAE Systems
  Coordinates: 51°16′25″N 0°46′00″W / 51.27361°N 0.7666667°W / 51.27361; -0.7666667
  BAE Systems plc (LSE: BA.) is a British multinational defence, security and aerospace company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, that has global interests, particularly in North America through its subsidiary BAE Systems Inc. BAE is among the world's largest military contractors; in 2009 it was the second-largest based on revenues. It was formed on 30 November 1999 by the £7.7 billion merger of two British companies, Marconi Electronic Systems (MES), the defence electronics and naval shipbuilding subsidiary of the General Electric Company plc (GEC), and aircraft, munitions and naval systems manufacturer British Aerospace (BAe).
  BAE Systems is the successor to various aircraft and defence electronics companies, including The Marconi Company, the first commercial company devoted to the development and use of radio; A.V. Roe and Company, one of the world's first aircraft companies; de Havilland, manufacturer of the world's first commercial jet airliner; British Aircraft Corporation, co-manufacturer of the Concorde supersonic transport; and Supermarine, manufacturer of the Spitfire. Since its formation it has sold its shares in Airbus, Astrium, AMS and Atlas Elektronik, and made a number of acquisitions, most notably United Defense and Armor Holdings of the United States.
  
  wn.com/BAE_Systems
• 
  BBC Pacific Quay
  BBC Pacific Quay is BBC Scotland's television and radio studio complex at Pacific Quay, Glasgow, Scotland. Opened by former Prime Minister Gordon Brown in August 2007, the studios are home to BBC Scotland's television, radio and online services and the headquarters of the BBC in Scotland.
  The studios are located adjacent to the Glasgow Science Centre, across the river from the Scottish Exhibition and Conference Centre and next door to the studios of commercial broadcaster STV. The new building is one of the most modern, state of the art, digital broadcasting facilities in the world, complete with the BBC's first HD-capable newsroom.
  The studio also houses 6 radio studios used for BBC Radio Scotland, BBC Radio nan Gàidheal and other radio stations.
  The £72m project on the River Clyde in Glasgow was designed by David Chipperfield Architects but Keppie Architects took control in late 2004. It is home to the biggest TV recording space to be built in Scotland and has an area of 782 sq m (8417 sq ft) with a new retractable bleacher seating for 320 audience members, although the studio can sit a maximum audience of 338 people.
  
  wn.com/BBC_Pacific_Quay
• 
  Broadcasting House
  Broadcasting House is the headquarters and registered office of the BBC in Portland Place and Langham Place, London.
  The building includes the BBC Radio Theatre from where music and speech programmes are recorded in front of a studio audience. The radio stations BBC Radio 3, BBC Radio 4, and BBC Radio 4 Extra are also broadcast from studios within the building.
  As part of a long term consolidation of the BBC's property portfolio, additional services including BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2, BBC Radio 1Xtra, BBC Radio 6 Music and the BBC World Service will move into Broadcasting House following an extensive renovation of the building. The move also includes that of BBC News and BBC World News from Television Centre into a newly constructed newsroom.
  Construction of Broadcasting House began in 1932, and the building opened to the BBC's offices and radio operations on 14 May 1934, eight years after the corporation's establishment. George Val Myer designed the building in collaboration with the BBC's civil engineer, M T Tudsbery. The original interiors were the work of Raymond McGrath, an Australian-Irish architect. He directed a team which included Serge Chermayeff and Wells Coates and designed the vaudeville studio, the associated green and dressing rooms, and the dance and chamber music studios in a flowing Art Deco style. It was later said of his efforts that "the designs for the BBC gave the first real fillip to industrial design in England".^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Broadcasting_House
• 
  BSkyB
  British Sky Broadcasting Group plc (commonly known as BSkyB; trading as Sky) is a British satellite broadcasting, broadband and telephony services company headquartered in London, United Kingdom, with operations in the United Kingdom and Ireland.
  Formed in 1990 by the equal merger of Sky Television and British Satellite Broadcasting, BSkyB is the largest pay-TV broadcaster in the United Kingdom and Ireland with over 11 million subscribers.
  BSkyB is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index. It had a market capitalisation of approximately £12.6 billion (US$19.8 billion) as of 23 December 2011, the 29th-largest of any company with a primary listing on the London Stock Exchange.News Corporation owns a 39.14 per cent controlling stake in the company.
  Sky Television was set up by Rupert Murdoch in 1989. The SES Astra satellite network began with the launch of Astra 1A in 1989. Sky Television plc was the first customer of Astra and leased four transponders on Astra 1A ahead of its launch. Alan Sugar's Amstrad began manufacturing the original sateillite dishes and set-top boxes, something which it still does today. With the launch of more Astra satellites from 1991 onward, Sky was able to begin expanding its services, (the Astra satellites were all orbiting co-located at 19.2° east so they could be received using the same satellite dish).
  
  wn.com/BSkyB
• 
  Fleet Street
  Coordinates: 51°30′51″N 0°06′32″W / 51.51417°N 0.10889°W / 51.51417; -0.10889
  Fleet Street is a street in the City of London named after the River Fleet, London's largest underground river. It was the origin and home of the British newspapers until the 1980s. Even though the last major British news office, Reuters, left in 2005, the term Fleet Street continues to be used as a metonym for the British national press.
  As early as the 13th century, it seems to have been known as Fleet Bridge Street, and in the early part of the 14th century it began to be mentioned frequently by its present name, spelled, of course, in accordance with the customs of those days. Fleet Street began as the road from the commercial City of London to the political hub of Westminster. The length of Fleet Street marks the expansion of the City in the 14th century. At the east end of the street is where the River Fleet flowed against the medieval walls of London; at the west end is the Temple Bar which marks the current City of London/City of Westminster boundary, extended there in 1329.
  
  wn.com/Fleet_Street
• 
  Granada Studios
  Coordinates: 53°28′44″N 2°15′21″W / 53.478879°N 2.255808°W / 53.478879; -2.255808
  Granada Studios (or alternatively The Manchester Studios) is a television studio on Quay Street in Manchester with the facility to broadcast live and film drama programmes and is home to Granada Television. The Granada Studios are the oldest operating television studios in the United Kingdom and are arguably the most famous studio after the BBC Television Centre.
  Firsts at the studios include The Beatles' first television performance in 1962, the first general election debate in 2010, and it is where the worlds longest running serial drama and documentary series in Coronation Street and 7 Up! are produced.
  Until 2010, the studios had a red neon Granada TV sign on roof of the building which was a landmark for rail passengers travelling from the west into Manchester city centre. A decorative broadcasting tower was erected at the behest of Sidney Bernstein to give the studios an embellished and professional appearance. Currently three main studios, which each cover over 4,500 square feet (420 m²), are still operating.
  
  wn.com/Granada_Studios
• 
  Houston
  Houston ( /ˈhjuːstən/) (Alibamu: Yosti ) is the largest city in the state of Texas, and the fourth-largest city in the United States. According to the 2010 U.S. Census, the city had a population of 2.1 million people within an area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km²). Houston is the seat of Harris County and the economic center of Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, which is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States, with 6.08 million people as of July 1st, 2011.
  Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou. It was incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837, and named after then-President of the Republic of Texas—former General Sam Houston—who had commanded at the Battle of San Jacinto, which took place 25 miles (40 km) east of where the city was established. The burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the city's population. In the mid-twentieth century, Houston became the home of the Texas Medical Center—the world's largest concentration of healthcare and research institutions—and NASA's Johnson Space Center, where the Mission Control Center is located.
  
  wn.com/Houston
• 
  Maidstone
  Coordinates: 51°16′19″N 0°31′44″E / 51.272°N 0.529°E / 51.272; 0.529
  Maidstone is the county town of Kent, England, 32 miles (51 km) south-east of London. The River Medway runs through the centre of the town linking Maidstone to Rochester and the Thames Estuary. Historically, the river was a source and route for much of the town's trade. Maidstone was the centre of the agricultural county of Kent, known as the Garden of England. There is evidence of a settlement in the area dating back to beyond the Stone Age.
  The town is within the borough of Maidstone. In 2001, the town had a population of 75,070.
  Maidstone's economy has changed over the years from being involved in heavy industry, to more light and service industries.
  Saxon charters (c975) show the first recorded instances of the town's name; de maeides stana and maegdan stane with the possible meaning of either stone of the maidens, or possibly stone of the people. The latter meaning may refer to the nearby megalith around which gatherings would take place. The name evolved through medestan/meddestane as reported in the Domesday Book until, in 1610, the modern name appeared. It has also been suggested that the name derives from stones set into the river to allow clothes to be rinsed in the cleaner water away from the banks of the river.^{[citation needed]}
  
  wn.com/Maidstone
• 
  Netherlands
  The Netherlands (ⁱ/ˈnɛðərləndz/; Dutch: Nederland [ˈneːdə(r)lɑnt] or [ˈneɪ̯də(r)lɑnt] ( listen); West Frisian: Nederlân; Papiamento: Hulanda) is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with some islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders with Belgium, Germany and the United Kingdom. It is a parliamentary democracy organised as a unitary state. The country capital is Amsterdam and the seat of government is The Hague. The Netherlands in its entirety is often referred to as Holland, although North and South Holland are actually only two of its twelve provinces (a case of pars pro toto; see terminology of "the Netherlands").
  
  wn.com/Netherlands
• Ofcom
  The Office of Communications (Welsh: Y Swyddfa Gyfathrebiadau), commonly known as Ofcom, is the government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom. Ofcom was initially established by the Office of Communications Act 2002 and received its full authority from the Communications Act 2003.
  Ofcom has wide-ranging powers across the television, radio, internet, telecoms and postal sectors. It has a statutory duty to represent the interests of citizens and consumers by promoting competition and protecting the public from what might be considered harmful or offensive material. Some of the main areas Ofcom presides over are licensing, research, codes and policies, complaints, competition and protecting the radio spectrum from abuse.
  The creation of Ofcom was announced in the Queen's Speech to the UK parliament in June 2001. The new body, which would replace several existing authorities, was conceived as a "super-regulator" to oversee media channels that were rapidly converging through digital transmission.
  
  wn.com/Ofcom
• 
  Roath Lock
  Roath Lock is a television production facility in the Porth Teigr area of Cardiff Bay.
  The studios house BBC drama productions including Doctor Who, Casualty and Pobol y Cwm. The centre topped out on 20 February 2011 and filming for such productions commenced in autumn of the same year.
  The facility is located on a development site known as Porth Teigr, which also includes a proposed 40,000sq ft digital media centre.
  The facility has 500 to 600 people working on site.
  The successful planning application sought permission for a 300m long, 20,000 square metre building housing studios and offices with a distinctive façade and repeating motifs. It will also have a gothic-style entrance inspired by some of William Burges’ designs at Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch. The planning application showed the building would face the National Assembly’s Tŷ Hywel building and the Atradius building across the water of Roath Basin.
  The 175,000 square foot of HD-ready studios were constructed and fitted out within 13 months, marking the quickest BBC build of its size ever.
  
  wn.com/Roath_Lock
• 
  Rotterdam
  Rotterdam ( /ˈrɒtərdæm/; Dutch [ˌrɔ.tər.ˈdɑm] ( listen)) is the second-largest city in the Netherlands and one of the largest ports in the world. Starting as a dam constructed in 1270 on the Rotte River, Rotterdam has grown into a major international commercial centre. Its strategic location at the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta on the North Sea and at the heart of a massive rail, road, air and inland waterway distribution system extending throughout Europe is the reason that Rotterdam is often called the "Gateway to Europe".
  Located in the Province of South Holland, Rotterdam is found in the west of the Netherlands and at the south end of the Randstad. The population of the city proper was 616,250 on February 1st 2012. The population of the greater Rotterdam area, called "Rotterdam-Rijnmond" or just "Rijnmond", is around 1.3 million people. Rotterdam is one of Europe's most vibrant, multicultural cities. The city is known for its university (Erasmus), its cutting-edge architecture, its lively cultural life, its striking riverside setting, its maritime heritage and the Rotterdam Blitz.
  
  wn.com/Rotterdam
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  Sky News
  Sky News is a 24-hour British and international satellite television news broadcaster with an emphasis on UK and international news stories.
  The service places emphasis on rolling news, including the latest breaking news. Sky News also hosts localised versions of the channel in Australia and in New Zealand, as well as their previously operated version in Ireland. Sky News is also offered in an international version without the British adverts under the name Sky News International available in Europe and Asia.
  Based at a news centre in London, Sky News started broadcasting on 5 February 1989 as part of the then four-channel Sky Television service. Sky News provides an hourly news radio service to multiple radio networks in the UK and Ireland. The channel currently has seven UK bases each with their own correspondents, and the channel can also call upon a wide range of resources and global bureaux provided by its parent company News Corporation such as reporters from Fox News Channel and Fox Business Network (its sister news and business channels).
  
  wn.com/Sky_News
• 
  Standard Life
  Standard Life plc (LSE: SL.) is a long term savings and investment business, with headquarters in Edinburgh and operations across the globe. It has 1.5 million shareholders in more than 50 countries and over 6 million customers.
  The Standard Life Assurance Company was established in 1825 and was reincorporated as a mutual assurance company in 1925.
  During the 19th century it opened offices in Canada, India, Shanghai and Uruguay.
  In 2006 demutualisation took place and the company was floated on the London Stock Exchange.
  The company sold Standard Life Bank plc to Barclays plc in January 2010 and then acquired the remaining 75 per cent stake in Threesixty, a financial advisory support business, that it did not already own for an undisclosed sum in March 2010.
  It sold its healthcare division to Discovery Holdings, a South African business, in May 2010 and went on to buy Focus Solutions Group, a financial software company, for £42m in December 2010.
  The company operates in North America, Europe, India and China: it has a large operation in Scotland where it employs some 6,000 staff.
  
  wn.com/Standard_Life
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  Teddington Studios
  Teddington Studios is a large British television studio complex located in Teddington, South-West London, providing studio facilities for programmes airing on BBC television, ITV, and Channel 4 along with others. The complex also provides studio space for channel continuity.
  It is now part of The Pinewood Studios Group together with Pinewood and Shepperton Studios in the UK, and Pinewood Toronto Studios in Canada, Pinewood Indomina Studios in the Dominican Republic, Pinewood Studio Berlin in Germany and Pinewood Iskandar Malaysia Studios in Malaysia.
  The studio began in the early 20th century as film studios when stockbroker Henry Chinnery, owner of Weir House, Teddington, allowed filmmakers to use his greenhouse as a studio. Dedicated studio facilities were then built in the 1910s. The studio was greatly expanded by a partnership of filmmaker E. G. Norman and actor Henry Edwards, and renamed Teddington Film Studios Limited in 1931.
  After only one production, Stranglehold (1931), the studio was acquired by Warner Brothers to turn out so-called "quota quickies" - British-made films which fulfilled a legal quota (created by the Cinematograph Films Act 1927) before American-made films could be shown. Warner Bros.-First National continued to make US/UK coproductions at Teddington until The Dark Tower (1943). One Teddington Studios production Murder at Monte Carlo (1934) with Errol Flynn in his first major film role, is considered a lost film.
  
  wn.com/Teddington_Studios
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  Tesco
  Coordinates: 51°42′18.89″N 0°1′36.37″W / 51.7052472°N 0.0267694°W / 51.7052472; -0.0267694
  Tesco plc (LSE: TSCO) is a British multinational grocery and general merchandise retailer headquartered in Cheshunt, United Kingdom. It is the third-largest retailer in the world measured by revenues (after Wal-Mart and Carrefour) and the second-largest measured by profits (after Wal-Mart). It has stores in 14 countries across Asia, Europe and North America and is the grocery market leader in the UK (where it has a market share of around 30%), Malaysia, the Republic of Ireland and Thailand.
  The company was founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen as a group of market stalls. The Tesco name first appeared in 1924, after Cohen purchased a shipment of tea from T. E. Stockwell and combined those initials with the first two letters of his surname, and the first Tesco store opened in 1929 in Burnt Oak, Middlesex. His business expanded rapidly, and by 1939 he had over 100 Tesco stores across the country. Originally a UK-focused grocery retailer, since the early 1990s Tesco has increasingly diversified geographically and into areas such as the retailing of books, clothing, electronics, furniture, petrol and software; financial services; telecoms and internet services; DVD rental; and music downloads.
  
  wn.com/Tesco
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  The Fountain Studios
  Coordinates: 51°33′40″N 0°16′55″W / 51.56111°N 0.28194°W / 51.56111; -0.28194
  The Fountain Studios is an independently owned television studio located in Wembley, north-west London, close to Wembley Park underground station. Currently, the studios are most famous for the live stages of ITV shows The X Factor and Britain's Got Talent. Other programmes currently produced here includeThe Cube and The British Comedy Awards. Other shows which the Fountain Studios have hosted include Pop Idol, Test the Nation and The Kumars at No. 42.
  A number of independent companies owned the site before it was purchased by Fountain in 1993. Studio 5 (now known as Studio A & Studio B), is 14,000 sq ft including the firelanes. This makes it the largest fully equipped television studio in Britain, 500 sq ft larger than the main studio at MediaCityUK and 2000 sq ft larger than Studio 1 at BBC Television Centre. Internationally, larger studios exist in Germany and the United States although many of these fall into the category of soundstage and are not fully equipped television studios.
  
  wn.com/The_Fountain_Studios
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  The Leeds Studios
  The Leeds Studios also known as the Yorkshire Television Studios or YTV Studios is a television production complex on Kirkstall Road in Leeds, West Yorkshire, England. ITV plc had proposed to close the studios in 2009, however later in the year had a change of mind and instead decided to refit them as high definition studios.
  The Leeds Studios are the home of Yorkshire Television and is now owned by ITV plc. As well as being the main studios for Yorkshire Television, the buildings also act as administrative headquarters for ITV Yorkshire, although smaller offices in Sheffield and Kingston upon Hull are also used.
  ITV programmes produced there include: 3-2-1, My Parents Are Aliens, Where the Heart Is, The Royal, Heartbeat, Wire in the Blood, Bruce's Price is Right and A Touch of Frost. Countdown was regularly made for Channel 4 here until April 2009 (when it moved to The Manchester Studios) as was Win My Wage, a new gameshow for Channel 4 made by independent company Hotbed Media in 2007. The studios were also home to Through the Keyhole, (which began as a YTV production on ITV, but was later made by David Frost's company Paradine Productions for Sky1 and the BBC) and were used for the interior shots on hit comedy The League of Gentlemen and medical drama Bodies (both for the BBC). The revived Bullseye on Challenge was also recorded at the Leeds Studios as was the 2006 series of Mastermind, due to the closure of The Manchester Studios for the removal of asbestos at the time.
  
  wn.com/The_Leeds_Studios
• 
  United Kingdom
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea.
  The United Kingdom is a unitary state governed under a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary system, with its seat of government in the capital city of London. It is a country in its own right and consists of four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. There are three devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in Belfast, Edinburgh and Cardiff, the capitals of Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. Associated with the UK, but not constitutionally part of it, are three Crown Dependencies. The United Kingdom has fourteen overseas territories. These are remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in 1922, encompassed almost a quarter of the world's land surface and was the largest empire in history. British influence can still be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former territories.
  
  wn.com/United_Kingdom

• Albert Edwin Reed
  Albert Edwin Reed (1846–1920) was the founder of Reed Elsevier, formerly Reed International, one the United Kingdom's largest professional publishing businesses.
  Entering the paper industry as a boy, Albert Reed first managed or part-owned paper businesses before he acquired a fire-damaged building, Upper Tovil Mill, near Maidstone in Kent in 1894. Albert Reed specialised in the production of paper suitable for halftone blocks for which there was considerable demand at the time and by 1903 he owned seven mills. Under his leadership the business expanded rapidly securing an order to supply newsprint for the Daily Mirror in 1904. Reed was importing paper from a mill in Canada by 1911.
  He died in 1920, leaving the management of the business to his twin sons.
  Reed was a staunch methodist and a philanthropist.
  
  
  
  wn.com/Albert_Edwin_Reed
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  BBC Trust
  The BBC Trust is the governing body of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). It is operationally independent of BBC management and external bodies, and aims to act in the best interests of licence fee payers.
  The Trust was established by the Royal Charter for the BBC which came into effect on 1 January 2007. The Trust, and a formalised Executive Board, replaced the former Board of Governors.
  In summary, the main roles of the Trust are in setting the overall strategic direction of the BBC, including its priorities, and in exercising a general oversight of the work of the Executive Board. The Trust will perform these roles in the public interest, particularly the interest of licence fee payers. — BBC Royal Charter (2006)
  The Royal Charter establishes that the Trust should have twelve trustees, including a Chairman, a Vice-Chairman and a member for each of the nations of the United Kingdom. Appointments to the BBC Trust are made by Queen in Council, on the recommendation of government ministers.
  
  wn.com/BBC_Trust
• 
  Financial Times
  The Financial Times (FT) is an international business newspaper. It is a morning daily newspaper published in London and printed in 24 cities around the world.
  Along with FT.com, it has an average daily readership of 2.1 million people worldwide (PwC audited figures, November 2011). FT.com has 4 million registered users and 250,000 digital subscribers, as well as 585,681 paying users. FT Chinese has more than 1.7 million registered users. The Financial Times in print format has an average daily circulation of three hundred and five thousand copies worldwide (the British edition has a daily circulation of eighty eight thousand and a combined Saturday and Sunday, weekend, circulation of one hundred and thirteen thousand copies), as of April 2012.
  Founded in 1888 by James Sheridan and Horatio Bottomley, the Financial Times competed with four other finance-oriented newspapers, in 1945 absorbing the last, the Financial News (founded in 1884). The FT specialises in UK and international business and financial news, and is printed as a broadsheet on light salmon paper.
  
  wn.com/Financial_Times
• 
  House of Elzevir
  Elzevir is the name of a celebrated family of Dutch booksellers, publishers, and printers of the 17th and early 18th centuries. The duodecimo series of "Elzevirs" became very famous and very desirable among bibliophiles, who sought to obtain the tallest and freshest copies of these tiny books.
  Although it appears the family was involved with the book trade as early as the 16th century, it is only known for its work in some detail beginning with Lodewijk Elzevir (also called Louis). The family ceased printing in 1712, but a contemporary publisher Elsevier takes its name from this early modern business.
  In an age of non-standardized spelling, the name of the family was most often spelled Elsevier, or Elzevier, and their French editions mostly retain this name; but the name was gradually corrupted in English into Elzevir as a generic term for their books. The family originally came from Leuven, where Louis was born circa 1546. Although he worked in the book trade throughout his life, Louis seems to have worked mostly as a bookbinder in his early decades. He relocated with his family several times, including a stint at Antwerp, and in 1565 his name can be found on the payroll of the great printer-publisher Plantin. In 1580, he made a final move to Leiden, where he seems to have worked first as a bookbinder, and later as a bookseller and publisher.
  
  wn.com/House_of_Elzevir
• Jonathan Eisen
  Jonathan A. Eisen is an American evolutionary biologist, currently working at University of California, Davis. His academic research is in the fields of evolutionary biology, genomics and microbiology and he is the academic editor-in-chief of the open-access journal PLoS Biology.
  In 2011 Eisen was awarded the Benjamin Franklin Award (Bioinformatics) for promoting open access in the life sciences.
  Eisen together with Nick Barton, Derek E.G. Briggs, David B. Goldstein, and Nipam H. Patel is an author of the undergraduate textbook, Evolution, that integrates molecular biology, genomics, and human genetics with traditional evolutionary studies. According to Google Scholar his most cited peer-reviewed papers are on the genome sequence of Plasmodium falciparum, sequencing the Sargasso Sea and a paper on the genome of Thermotoga maritima.
  Prior to working at UC Davis he was an Investigator at The Institute for Genomic Research.
  Eisen and his work is routinely discussed in the scientific and popular press. Examples include a New York Times article on the Genomic Encyclopedia of Bacteria and Archaea in 2009 and extensive coverage of work on searching for a "fourth domain" of life . In addition, Eisen's blogging and microblogging work is frequently written about including for example . His brother Michael Eisen is also a biologist.
  
  wn.com/Jonathan_Eisen
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  Timothy Gowers
  William Timothy Gowers FRS (born 20 November 1963, Wiltshire) is a British mathematician. He is a Royal Society Research Professor at the Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics at Cambridge University, where he also holds the Rouse Ball chair, and is a Fellow of Trinity College. In 1998 he received the Fields Medal for his research connecting the fields of functional analysis and combinatorics.
  His early education was at King's College School, Cambridge as a chorister in the Choir of King's College, Cambridge, and at Eton College where he was a King's Scholar. He completed his PhD entitled Symmetric Structures in Banach Spaces at the University of Cambridge (Trinity College) in 1990 under the supervision of Béla Bollobás.
  From 1991 to 1995 he was a member of the Department of Mathematics at University College London. In 1996 he received the Prize of the European Mathematical Society and in 1998 the Fields Medal for research on functional analysis and combinatorics. He used combinatorial tools in proving several of Stefan Banach's conjectures on Banach spaces and in constructing a Banach space with almost no symmetry, serving as a counterexample to several other conjectures. With Bernard Maurey he resolved the "unconditional basic sequence problem" in 1992, showing that not every infinite-dimensional Banach space has an infinite-dimensional subspace that admits an unconditional Schauder basis. Another work which has proved highly influential is his proof of Szemerédi's theorem by Fourier-analytic methods. He has also made substantial contributions in combinatorics, particularly to the study of regularity for graphs and hypergraphs. In 1999 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society.
  
  wn.com/Timothy_Gowers

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