Abstract Background Transanal haemorrhoidal dearterialisation (THD) is a nonexcisional surgical technique for the treatment of piles, consisting in the ligation of the distal branches of the superior rectal artery, resulting in a reduction of blood flow and decongestion of the haemorrhoidal plexus. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term efficacy of this treatment. Methods The procedure was carried out using a proctoscope with a Doppler probe. The terminal branches were located with Doppler and then sutured. Results From January 2000 to May 2006, we performed THD in 330 patients (180 men; mean age, 52.4 years), including 138 second-degree, 162 thirddegree and 30 fourth-degree haemorrhoids. There were 23 postoperative complications (7 cases of bleeding, 5 thrombosed piles, 4 rectal haematomas, 2 anal fissures, 2 cases of dysuria, 1 of haematuria and 2 needle ruptures). The mean postoperative pain score was 1.32 on a visual analog scale. 219 patients were followed for a mean of 46 months (range, 22--79), including 100 patients with second-degree, 104 with third-degree and 15 with fourth-degree haemorrhoids. The operation completely resolved the symptoms in 132 patients (92.5%) with preoperative bleeding and in 110 patients (92%) with preoperative prolapse. Conclusions The efficacy and relapse rate of this procedure appears to be similar to that of traditional surgery and stapled haemorrhoidopexy. The technique was effective and safe for all degrees of haemorrhoids <b>...</b>