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- Acropolis of Athens
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Acropolis of Athens
The Acropolis of Athens or Citadel of Athens is the best known acropolis (Gr. akros, akron, edge, extremity + polis, city, pl. acropoleis) in the world. Although there are many other acropoleis in Greece, the significance of the Acropolis of Athens is such that it is commonly known as The Acropolis without qualification. The Acropolis was formally proclaimed as the pre-eminent monument on the European Cultural Heritage list of monuments on 26 March 2007. The Acropolis is a flat-topped rock that rises above sea level in the city of Athens, with a surface area of about 3 hectares. It was also known as Cecropia, after the legendary serpent-man, Cecrops, the first Athenian king.
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Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea (, Egeo Pelagos ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea.
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Alexandria
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Antioch
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Areopagus
:This article concerns the place where a classical judicial body met. It is also the term for the judicial body which met there. For the 16th century literary movement, see Areopagus (poetry). For the regional government during the Greek War of Independence, see Areopagus of Eastern Continental Greece. For the modern Greek Supreme Court, see Court of Cassation (Greece).
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Attalid dynasty
The Attalid dynasty was a Hellenistic dynasty that ruled the city of Pergamon after the death of Lysimachus, a general of Alexander the Great. The Attalid kingdom was the rump state left after the collapse of the Lysimachian Empire. One of Lysimachus' officers, Philetaerus, took control of the city in 282 BC. The later Attalids were descended from his father, and they expanded the city into a kingdom. Attalus I proclaimed himself King in the 230s BC, following his victories over the Galatians. The Attalids ruled Pergamon until Attalus III bequeathed the kingdom to the Roman Republic in 133 BC to avoid a likely succession crisis.
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Cape Town
Cape Town (; ) is the second-most populous city in South Africa, and the largest in land area, forming part of the City of Cape Town metropolitan municipality. It is the provincial capital and primate city of the Western Cape, as well as the legislative capital of South Africa, where the National Parliament and many government offices are located. The city is famous for its harbour as well as its natural setting in the Cape floral kingdom, including such well-known landmarks as Table Mountain and Cape Point.It is hailed as one of the most beautiful cities in the world as officially recognised by Forbes. National Geographic has also enlisted Cape Town as one of the most iconic cities on the planet and "Places of a Lifetime". Cape Town is also Africa's most popular tourist destination.
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Classical Athens
The city of Athens during the classical period of Ancient Greece (508-322 BC) was a notable polis (city-state) of Attica, Greece, leading the Delian League in the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and the Peloponnesian League. Athenian democracy was established in 508 BC under Cleisthenes following the tyranny of Hippias. This system remained remarkably stable, and with a few brief interruptions remained in place for 180 years, until 322 BC (aftermath of Lamian War) . The peak of Athenian hegemony was achieved in the 440s to 430s BC, known as the Age of Pericles.
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Crete
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Cyprus
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Dardanelles
The Dardanelles (, ), formerly known as the Hellespont
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Ephesus
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Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
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Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, and by southwestern Albania, including Saranda and Himara, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and Lefkas to the east. The islands are collectively referred to as the Ionian Islands, and other islands include the Strophades, Sphagia, Schiza, Sapientza and Kythira. The sea is one of the most seismic areas in the world.
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Kyoto
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Miletus
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Museo del Prado
The Museo del Prado is a museum and art gallery located in Madrid, the capital of Spain. It features one of the world's finest collections of European art, from the 12th century to the early 19th century, based on the former Spanish Royal Collection. Founded as a museum of paintings and sculpture, it also contains important collections of more than 5,000 drawings, 2,000 prints, 1,000 coins and medals, and almost 2,000 decorative objects and works of art. Sculpture is represented by more than 700 works and by a smaller number of sculptural fragments. The painting collection comprises about 7,800 paintings, of which only about 1,300 are at public display, mainly because of the museum's lack of space. A new, recently opened wing enlarged the display area by about 400 paintings, and it is currently used mainly for temporary expositions. El Prado is one of the most visited sites in the world, and it is considered to be among the greatest museums of art.
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Parthenon
The Parthenon (Ancient Greek: ) is a temple in the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their protector. Its construction began in 447 BCE and was completed in 438 BCE, although decorations of the Parthenon continued until 431 BCE. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered to be the culmination of the development of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece and of Athenian democracy and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments. The Greek Ministry of Culture is currently carrying out a programme of selective restoration and reconstruction to ensure the stability of the partially ruined structure.
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Peloponnese
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Pergamon
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Samos
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Sardis
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Sparta
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Temple of Hephaestus
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Temple of Zeus
The Temple of Zeus at Olympia, was an ancient Greek temple in Olympia, Greece, dedicated to the chief of the gods, Zeus. It was the very model of the fully-developed classical Greek temple of the Doric order. The temple, built between 472 and 456 BC, stood in the most famous sanctuary of Greece, which had been dedicated to local and Pan-Hellenic deities and had probably been established towards the end of the Mycenaean period. The Altis, the enclosure with its sacred grove, open-air altars and the tumulus of Pelops, was first formed during the tenth and ninth centuries BCE, when the cult of Zeus was joined the already establish cult here of Hera.
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Thermopylae
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Troy
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Vatican Museums
The Vatican Museums (), in Viale Vaticano in Rome, inside the Vatican City, are among the greatest museums in the world, since they display works from the immense collection built up by the Roman Catholic Church throughout the centuries.
http://wn.com/Vatican_Museums
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Aeschylus
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Aesop
http://wn.com/Aesop -
Ahiqar
Ahiqar or Ahikar was an Assyrian sage known in the ancient Near East for his outstanding wisdom.
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Alcaeus of Mytilene
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Alcibiades
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Alexander the Great
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Alexis
Alexis (Ancient Greek:, 394 BC – c. 275 BC) was a Greek comic poet of the Middle Comedy, born at Thurii in Magna Graeca and taken early to Athens, where he became a citizen, of the deme Oion (), and the tribe Leontides.
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Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras (, "lord of the assembly"; c. 500 BC – 428 BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae in Asia Minor, Anaxagoras was the first philosopher to bring philosophy from Ionia to Athens. He attempted to give a scientific account of eclipses, meteors, rainbows, and the sun, which he described as a fiery mass larger than the Peloponnese. He was accused of contravening the established religion and was forced to flee to Lampsacus.
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Anaximander
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Angelica Kauffman
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Angelica Kauffmann
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Antisthenes
Antisthenes (; c. 445-c. 365 BCE) was a Greek philosopher and a pupil of Socrates. Antisthenes first learned rhetoric under Gorgias before becoming an ardent disciple of Socrates. He adopted and developed the ethical side of Socrates' teachings, advocating an ascetic life lived in accordance with virtue. Later writers regarded him as the founder of Cynic philosophy.
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Archilochus
:For the hummingbird genus, see ''Archilochus.
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Archimedes
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Aristophanes
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Aristotle
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Aspasia
Aspasia (ca. 470 BC–ca. 400 BC, Greek: ) was a Milesian woman who was famous for her involvement with the Athenian statesman Pericles. Very little is known about the details of her life. She spent most of her adult life in Athens, and she may have influenced Pericles and Athenian politics. She is mentioned in the writings of Plato, Aristophanes, Xenophon, and other authors of the day.
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Athol Fugard
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Augustus
:For other uses of Octavius, see Octavius (disambiguation). For other uses of Octavian, see Octavian (disambiguation). For other uses of Augustus, see Augustus (disambiguation).
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Aulus Gellius
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Ausonius
Decimius Magnus Ausonius (ca. 310–395) was a Latin poet and rhetorician, born at Burdigala (Bordeaux).
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Babrius
Babrius was the author of a collection of fables written in Greek. He collected many of the fables that are known to us today simply as Aesop's fables (see Aesop's fables).
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Bacchylides
Bacchylides () (5th century BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of nine lyric poets which included his uncle Simonides. The elegance and polished style of his lyrics have been a commonplace of Bacchylidean scholarship since at least Longinus (De Sublimitate 33,5). Some scholars however have associated these qualities with superficial charm. He has often been compared unfavourably with his contemporary, Pindar, as "a kind of Boccherini to Pindar's Haydn", yet the differences in their styles doesn't allow for easy comparison and "to blame Bacchylides for not being Pindar is as childish a judgement as to condemn...Marvel for missing the grandeur of Milton." His career coincided with the ascendency of dramatic styles of poetry, as embodied in the works of Aeschylus or Sophocles, and he is in fact one of the last poets of major significance within the more ancient tradition of purely lyric poetry. The most notable features of his lyrics are their clarity in expression and simplicity of thought, making them an ideal introduction to the study of Greek lyric poetry in general and to Pindar's verse in particular.
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Callimachus
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Charles Ruggles
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Croesus
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Democritus
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Demosthenes
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Diego Velázquez
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Diogenes Laertius
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Diogenes of Sinope
Diogenes of Sinope ( Diogenes ho Sinopeus), was a Greek philosopher and one of the founders of Cynic philosophy. Also known as Diogenes the Cynic, he was born in Sinope (modern-day Sinop, Turkey) in 412 or 404 BCE
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Dositheus Magister
Dositheus Magister () was a Greek grammarian who flourished at Rome in the 4th century CE. He was the author of a Greek translation of a Latin grammar, intended to assist the Greek-speaking inhabitants of the empire in learning Latin. The translation, at first word for word, becomes less frequent, and finally is discontinued altogether.
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Edmé Boursault
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Empedocles
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Ennius
Quintus Ennius (c. 239 BC - c. 169 BC) was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. He was of Calabrian descent"That author is repeatedly termed a Calabrian (Her. Carm. 4.8; Ovid. A. A. 3.409; Sil. Ital. l. c.; Acron, ad Hor. l. c.)". Although only fragments of his works survive, his influence in Latin literature was significant.
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Epaminondas
Epaminondas (Greek: ) (ca. 410 BC – 362 BC) or Epameinondas was a Theban general and statesman of the 4th century BC who transformed the Ancient Greek city-state of Thebes, leading it out of Spartan subjugation into a preeminent position in Greek politics. In the process he broke Spartan military power with his victory at Leuctra and liberated the Messenian helots, a group of Peloponnesian Greeks who had been enslaved under Spartan rule for some 230 years, having been defeated in the Messenian War ending in 600 BC. Epaminondas reshaped the political map of Greece, fragmented old alliances, created new ones, and supervised the construction of entire cities. He was militarily influential as well, inventing and implementing several major battlefield tactics.
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Epicurus
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Euclid
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Euripides
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Francesco Bartolozzi
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Frank Snowden
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Gorgias
Gorgias (, ca. 485-c.380 BCE) "the Nihilist", Greek sophist, pre-socratic philosopher and rhetorician, was a native of Leontini in Sicily. Along with Protagoras, he forms the first generation of Sophists. Several doxographers report that he was a pupil of Empedocles, although he would only have been a few years younger. "Like other Sophists he was an itinerant, practicing in various cities and giving public exhibitions of his skill at the great pan-Hellenic centers of Olympia and Delphi, and charged fees for his instruction and performances. A special feature of his displays was to invite miscellaneous questions from the audience and give impromptu replies."
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Heinrich Steinhowel
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Helene Hanff
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Heraclitus
Heraclitus of Ephesus (Ancient Greek: — ; c. 535–c. 475 BCE) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher, a native of the Greek city Ephesus, Ionia, on the coast of Asia Minor. He was of distinguished parentage. Little is known about his early life and education, but he regarded himself as self-taught and a pioneer of wisdom. From the lonely life he led, and still more from the riddling nature of his philosophy and his contempt for humankind in general, he was called "The Obscure," and the "Weeping Philosopher."
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Herodotus
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Hesiod
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Himerius
Himerius (ca. 315-386), Greek sophist and rhetorician, was born at Prusa in Bithynia.
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Hipparchus
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Hippocrates
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Hipponax
Hipponax of Ephesus was an Ancient Greek iambic poet.
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Homer
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Hypatia
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Ibycus
Ibycus (Ancient Greek: ) (6th century BC), was an Ancient Greek lyric poet. He was included in the canonical list of nine lyric poets by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria. The extant fragments of his work contain the earliest-known example of the triadic choral lyric and epinician poetry.
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Joseph Jacobs
Joseph Jacobs (29 August 1854 - 30 January 1916) was folklorist, literary critic and historian. His works included contributions to the Jewish Encyclopaedia, translations of European works, and critical editions of early English literature. Jacobs wrote for journals and books on the subject of folklore and produced a popular series of fairy tales.
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Jusepe de Ribera
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Lamont Johnson
Lamont Johnson (born September 30, 1922) is an American actor and film director who has appeared in and directed many television shows and movies. He has won two Emmy Awards.
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Leonidas I
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Leucippus
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Lycurgus of Sparta
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Lydia
| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; width: 250px; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
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Lysander
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Maximos Planoudes
Maximos Planoudes, Latinized as Maximus Planudes (, c. 1260–1330), was a Byzantine Greek grammarian and theologian who lived and worked during the reigns of Michael VIII Palaiologos and Andronikos II Palaiologos.
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Maximus of Tyre
Cassius Maximus Tyrius (Maximus of Tyre; (; 2nd century AD) was a Greek rhetorician and philosopher who flourished in the time of the Antonines and Commodus. His writings contain many allusions to the history of Greece, while there is little reference to Rome; hence it is inferred that he lived longer in Greece, perhaps as a professor at Athens. Although nominally a Platonist, he is really an Eclectic and one of the precursors of Neoplatonism.
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Menippus
Menippus (; 3rd century BCE) of Gadara, was a Cynic and satirist. His works, which are all lost, were an important influence on Varro and Lucian. The Menippean satire genre is named after him.
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Milo of Croton
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Otto Jahn
Otto Jahn (June 16, 1813 – September 9, 1869), was a German archaeologist, philologist, and writer on art and music.
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Parmenides
Parmenides of Elea (Greek: ; fl. early 5th century BCE) was an ancient Greek philosopher born in Elea, a Greek city on the southern coast of Italy. He was the founder of the Eleatic school of philosophy. The single known work of Parmenides is a poem which has survived only in fragmentary form. In this poem, Parmenides describes two views of reality. In The Way of Truth (a part of the poem), he explains how reality is one, change is impossible, and existence is timeless, uniform, and unchanging. In The Way of Opinion, he explains the world of appearances, which is false and deceitful. These thoughts strongly influenced Plato, and through him, the whole of Western philosophy.
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Pausanias (general)
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Periander
Periander () was the second tyrant of Corinth, Greece in the 7th century BC. He was the son of the first tyrant, Cypselus. Periander succeeded his father in 627 BC.
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Pericles
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Peter Terson
Peter Terson (born 16 February 1932, Newcastle-upon-Tyne) is a British playwright whose plays have been produced for stage, television and radio. His early work in the 1960s focused on growing up in the dead-end working-class culture of industrial England. He was born as Peter Patterson. He was a schoolteacher for 10 years before writing professionally.
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Phaedrus (fabulist)
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Philip II of Macedon
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Pindar
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Plato
:For other uses, see Plato (disambiguation) and Platon (disambiguation).
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Plutarch
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Polybius
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Poseidippus of Pella
Poseidippus of Pella or Posidippus () was an Ancient Greek epigrammatic poet who adhered to Orphism. He was born in the city of Pella capital of the kingdom of Macedon. He lived for some time in Samos before moving permanently to the court of Ptolemy I Soter and later Ptolemy II Philadelphus in Alexandria, Egypt. An inscription from Thermon in Aetolia records that he was granted the liberties of that city in 264/3 BC. He was friends with the poets Asclepiades of Samos and Hedylus. Twenty-three of his poems were included in the Greek Anthology, and several more were quoted in either part or whole by Athenaeus of Naucratis in his Deipnosophistae.
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Protagoras
Protagoras (Greek: ) (ca. 490– 420 BC) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with having invented the role of the professional sophist or teacher of virtue. He is also believed to have created a major controversy during ancient times through his statement that man is the measure of all things. This idea was very revolutionary for the time and contrasting to other philosophical doctrines that claimed the universe was based on something objective, outside the human influence.
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Ptolemy
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Pyrrhus of Epirus
Pyrrhus or Pyrrhos (, Pyrros; 319-272 BC) was a Greek general of the Hellenistic era. He was king of the Greek tribe of Molossians, of the royal Aeacid house (from ca. 297 BC), and later he became King of Epirus (306-302, 297-272 BC) and Macedon (288-284, 273-272 BC). He was one of the strongest opponents of early Rome. Some of his battles, though successful, cost him heavy losses, from which the term "Pyrrhic victory" was coined. He is the subject of one of Plutarch's Parallel Lives.
http://wn.com/Pyrrhus_of_Epirus -
Pythagoras
Pythagoras of Samos (, O Pythagoras o Samios, "Pythagoras the Samian", or simply ; c. 570-c. 495 BC) was an Ionian Greek philosopher and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. Most of our information about Pythagoras was written down centuries after he lived, thus very little reliable information is known about him. He was born on the island of Samos, and may have travelled widely in his youth, visiting Egypt and other places seeking knowledge. Around 530 BC, he moved to Croton, a Greek colony in southern Italy, and there set up a religious sect. His followers pursued the religious rites and practices developed by Pythagoras, and studied his philosophical theories. The society took an active role in the politics of Croton, but this eventually led to their downfall. The Pythagorean meeting-places were burned, and Pythagoras was forced to flee the city. He is said to have ended his days in Metapontum.
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Rhodopis (hetaera)
Rhodopis (, real name possibly Doricha) was a celebrated 6th-century BCE Greek hetaera, of Thracian origin. She is one of only two hetaerae mentioned by name in Herodotus's discussion of the profession (the other is the somewhat later Archidike).
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Robert K. G. Temple
Robert K. G. Temple
http://wn.com/Robert_K_G_Temple -
Robert Keeshan
http://wn.com/Robert_Keeshan -
Sappho
Sappho ( in English; Attic Greek ' , Aeolic Greek ' ) was an Ancient Greek poet, born on the island of Lesbos. Later Greeks included her in the list of nine lyric poets. Her birth was sometime between 630 and 612 BC, and it is said that she died around 570 BC, but little is known for certain about her life. The bulk of her poetry, which was well-known and greatly admired throughout antiquity, has been lost, but her immense reputation has endured through surviving fragments.
http://wn.com/Sappho -
Simonides of Ceos
http://wn.com/Simonides_of_Ceos -
Sir John Vanbrugh
http://wn.com/Sir_John_Vanbrugh -
Socrates
http://wn.com/Socrates -
Solon
Solon (ancient Greek: , c. 638 BC–558 BC) was an Athenian statesman, lawmaker, and poet. He is remembered particularly for his efforts to legislate against political, economic and moral decline in archaic Athens. His reforms failed in the short term yet he is often credited with having laid the foundations for Athenian democracy.
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Sophocles
http://wn.com/Sophocles -
Stesichorus
Stesichorus (Ancient Greek: , circa 640 - 555 BC) was the first great poet of the Greek West. He is best known for telling epic stories in lyric metres but he is also famous for some ancient traditions about his life, such as his opposition to the tyrant Phalaris, and the blindness he is said to have incurred and cured by composing verses first insulting and then flattering to Helen of Troy. He was ranked among the nine lyric poets esteemed by the scholars of Hellenistic Alexandria and yet his work attracted relatively little interest among ancient commentators, which in turn left a disproportionate number of gaps in the modern record as one scholar observed in 1967: "Time has dealt more harshly with Stesichorus than with any other major lyric poet." Recent discoveries, recorded on Egyptian papyrus (notably and controversially, the Lille papyrus, in 1974), have enhanced modern understanding of his work, confirming his role as a link between Homer's epic narrative and the lyric narrative of poets like Pindar.
http://wn.com/Stesichorus -
Thales of Miletus
http://wn.com/Thales_of_Miletus -
Themistocles
Themistocles (Greek: ; "Glory of the Law"); c. 524–459 BC, was an Athenian politician and general. He was one of a new breed of politicians who rose to prominence in the early years of the Athenian democracy, along with his great rival Aristides. As a politician, Themistocles was a populist, having the support of lower class Athenians, and generally being at odds with the Athenian nobility. Elected archon in 493 BC, he took steps to increase the naval power of Athens, which would be a recurring theme in his political career. During the first Persian invasion of Greece, he fought at the Battle of Marathon, and was possibly one of the 10 Athenian strategoi (generals) in that battle.
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Theodor Panofka
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Thucydides
http://wn.com/Thucydides -
Timocreon
Timocreon, of Ialysus in Rhodes, was a Greek lyric poet who flourished about 480 BC.
http://wn.com/Timocreon -
Turhan Bey
Turhan Bey (born March 30, 1922) is an Austrian-born character actor and exotic leading man (now retired) who was active in Hollywood from 1941 to 1953. After his return to Europe, he pursued careers as a photographer and stage director.
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Villa Albani
http://wn.com/Villa_Albani -
Walter Savage Landor
http://wn.com/Walter_Savage_Landor -
William Godwin
William Godwin (3 March 1756 – 7 April 1836) was a British journalist, political philosopher and novelist. He is considered one of the first exponents of utilitarianism, and the first modern proponent of anarchism. Godwin is most famous for two books that he published within the space of a year: An Enquiry Concerning Political Justice, an attack on political institutions, and Things as They Are or The Adventures of Caleb Williams, which attacks aristocratic privilege, but also is virtually the first mystery novel. Based on the success of both, Godwin featured prominently in the radical circles of London in the 1790s. In the ensuing conservative reaction to British radicalism, Godwin was attacked, in part because of his marriage to the pioneering feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft in 1797 and his candid biography of her after her death; their child, Mary Godwin (later Mary Shelley) would go on to author Frankenstein and marry the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley. Godwin wrote prolifically in the genres of novels, history and demography throughout his lifetime. With his second wife, Mary Jane Clairmont, he wrote children's primers on Biblical and classical history, which he published along with such works as Charles and Mary Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare. Using the pseudonym Edward Baldwin, he wrote a variety of books for children, including a version of Jack and the Beanstalk. He also has had considerable influence on British literature and literary culture.
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William Martin Leake
http://wn.com/William_Martin_Leake -
Xenophon
http://wn.com/Xenophon -
Zeno of Citium
http://wn.com/Zeno_of_Citium
Aesop Filmography
- The Manslayer (2011)
- Tortoise vs. Hare (2011)
- The Story of 'The Tortoise & the Hare' (2002)
- Tzitziki kai myrmigi (1988)
- Heldensage (1985)
- El león enamorado (1979)
- Macka (1971)
- Tortoise Wins by a Hare (1943)
- Tortoise Beats Hare (1941)
- Porky's Bear Facts (1941)
- The Tortoise and the Hare (1935)
- The Grasshopper and the Ants (1934)
- La chatte métamorphosée en femme (1910)
- La chatte métamorphosée en femme (1909)
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Open Your Eyes and Awake
- Waking Dream
- My Movie as Life
- Living the Dream While Awake
- Life Line Eternal
- Moving at the Speed of Life
- Where Ya Flows At?
- Ace of Hearts
- She's My Everything
- Hidden Memories
- Black Wolf Bar (skit)
- Black to Hip Hop
- That's the Weed Man!!!
- Smokers Anthem
- Holding It Up
- True Guidance
- Awakening
- Fast Times at Hoover High
- Intro
- Hit List
- U Must Provoke Things
- He's So Fresh!!!
- Just Listen (interlude)
- Love Your Life
- For You
- Do the Damn Thing
- The Song Is Good (skit)
- U Can Feel This
- Listen Again (interlude)
- Secret Service (skit)
- Broke Citizens
- The Truth (skit)
- All I Want to See
- Give Em What They Want
- Come On Girl (Dance If You Want)
- Final Destination (skit)
- Outro
- Introduction
- When Opportunity Knocks
- Here It Is
- As Good as It Gets
- Birth's Door (Love Song???)
- 2 Reasons Why
- No Matter How
- What a World
- Asop the Black Wolf
- What I Came to Do
- City Streets
- Fuckin With You!!!
- Heir to the Throne
- Where's the Water
- Tokyo Dream
- Introduction
- When Opportunity Knocks
- Here It Is
- As Good as It Gets
- Birth's Door
- 2 Reasons Why
- No Matter How
- What a World
- The Blackwolf
- What I Came to Do
- City Streets
- Fuckin Wit U
- Heir to the Throne
- No Water Can Douse
- Beat Boxin'
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Aesop Rock - Daylight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Published: 13 Jan 2009
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Labor Days. Definitive Jux. 2001.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Daylight
Aesop Rock - None Shall Pass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:00
- Published: 24 Jun 2009
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Music video by Aesop Rock performing None Shall Pass. (C) 2007 Definitive Jux, Inc.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_None_Shall_Pass
Evilnine Crooked ft. Aesop Rock
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Published: 07 Aug 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Video clip of the Flash animation for Evilnine's Crooked ft. Aesop Rock
http://wn.com/Evilnine_Crooked_ft_Aesop_Rock
Aesop Rock - Coffee ft. John Darnielle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:04
- Published: 29 Oct 2007
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
new video from aesop rocks new album "None Shall Pass"
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Coffee_ft_John_Darnielle
Aesop Rock - Skelethon Album Preview
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 55:18
- Published: 09 Jul 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Buy at Fifth Element: bit.ly Buy on iTunes: bit.ly Buy on Google Play: bit.ly Buy on Amazon: amzn.to For those of you looking to decipher Aesop Rock's lyrical wordplay, remember full album lyrics come with every Deluxe Digital and Physical purchase. 0:00 - Leisureforce 4:43 - ZZZ TOP 8:59 - Cycles To Gehenna 13:00 - Zero Dark Thirty 16:21 - Fryerstarter 19:50 - Ruby '81 22:23 - Crows 1 26:43 - Crows 2 29:13 - Racing Stripes 32:36 - 1000 O'clock 36:35 - Homemade Mummy 39:21 - Grace 43:00 - Saturn Missiles 46:37 - Tetra 51:18 - Gopher Guts Watch "ZZZ Top": bit.ly Watch "Zero Dark Thirty": bit.ly Behind Skelethon: bit.ly rhymesayers.com twitter.com facebook.com
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Skelethon_Album_Preview
Aesop Rock - "Cycles to Gehenna" (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Published: 21 Aug 2012
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Here's the premiere of Aesop Rock's dope new video, "Cycles to Gehenna," featuring a gaggle of badass ballerinas. Directed by Ben Fee and Pete Lee. Buy it here! itunes.apple.com fifthelementonline.com Thanks! www.aesoprock.com www.facebook.com/AesopRockWins www.twitter.com/aesoprockwins www.rhymesayers.com/aesoprock ** Subscribe to Noisey on YouTube to stay updated on our daily releases: www.youtube.com Videos, daily editorial and more: www.noisey.com Like Noisey on Facebook fb.com Follow Noisey on Twitter: twitter.com Read our tumblr: noiseymusic.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Cycles_to_Gehenna_Official_Video
Aesop Rock - Zero Dark Thirty
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 01 May 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Buy Skelethon from Fifth Element: bit.ly Buy Skelethon from iTunes: bit.ly For those of you looking to decipher Aesop Rock's lyrical wordplay, remember full album lyrics come with every Deluxe Digital and Physical purchase. Download "Zero Dark Thirty": snd.sc The first video/single from...
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Zero_Dark_Thirty
Aesop Rock - Water
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:57
- Published: 06 Dec 2008
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
LRYICS: It was the most beautiful second-coming of Christ that anyone had ever seen... Yo The water ain't safe, the land's made of water I hug a half empty glass my dignity's trying to pawn her I'm trying to see the future in a tea cup and a saucer But I rather be drinking coffee with my cigarette foster And a run away buckle the cloud-nine fantasy filter to force the brutal truth Of daily market place wars through the roof I mean I stood beneath the icicles that bleed under the awning And magically mastered the great absorbing of spirit falling But I'm sick, I've plowed these fields a thousand times over Sold botanicle research studies to farmers with whole quarters And when science proposes to art besides that peace-full sea I'll be that cat with a ring on a pillow shouting finally Take a number, the apple seeds rained upon each slumber A hundred thousand freaks on parade for the village hunter My every when acted upon has gone loopy But I play a game called lets prepare barnacle city for the end or new sink I split the radius at go getter bellies, reconnaissance Seeping fossil genie bottle optimist freeze Run from the fountain but the fountain is a desert optical tease Tummy full of sand running man impossible stop There's a wing in my gut and i'm all dust Surfing the earth and I dine-rise certainly flushed Now one in the hand is worth two atop the tallest cedar But what lies inside my heart is off the mother f**king meter [Chorus] See the Water ain't safe no more 'I'm <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Water
Aesop Rock - ZZZ Top
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:52
- Published: 29 Jun 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Buy Skelethon from Fifth Element: bit.ly Buy Skelethon from iTunes: bit.ly For those of you looking to decipher Aesop Rock's lyrical wordplay, remember full album lyrics come with every Deluxe Digital and Physical purchase. Directed by Pete Lee Produced by Lizzie Rose Exec Prod: Aesop Rock...
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_ZZZ_Top
Aesop Rock - Pigs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 11 Jan 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Here is a music video for "pigs" created by the multi-talented Dan Wolfe. This video starts Jeremy Fish and his young helper pal, young Rick.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Pigs
Aesop Rock - Coffee
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:42
- Published: 24 Jun 2009
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Music video by Aesop Rock performing Coffee. (C) 2007 Definitive Jux, Inc.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Coffee
Aesop Rock - Holy Smokes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 31 Dec 2008
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Fast Cars, Danger, Fire and Knives, Definitive Jux 2004 Vocals: Aesop Rock Production: Blockhead
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Holy_Smokes
Aesop Rock- Big Bang
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Published: 13 Dec 2007
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
One of hip-hop's best kept secrets. enjoy the music and support the artist. ----------------- [Aesop Rock] Well, so we meet again (He said he's grown spiritually since the last one) Ok, this is the dawning of the book of bitter aspects Where the jackals sit and watch the pedigods last flesh Poison functions accompanied by six armorclad Black horse and buggy mechanism Tugged a portion of my severed vision The gathering of loose ends in a bucket Wit a shoestring budget Every man's got a field to plow (I know that now) But it's like, man I really can't afford the oxen Fee fie et cetera I smell the warm blood of the bill collector knockin I get awkwardly sturdy with a frigid liquid backbone I get swept in the pressure cooker tryin to paddle back home I get sprung with a vibe and alliance of clean intention By eclipsing doom midigons hatched to bash these picket fences Now I'll attend the wedding of the open sword festering Now when the groom presents the ring The bride commence to blistering This textbook magnificently crude Prototype king beserker modulate Serve the vertical thirst, burst horizontal Treasure, loose cannons span the starbit power The clippership dipped in truth famine pressure Cabin fever meter pegging ludicrous Beautiful cartoon trooper swallow brutal futility with a teaspoon full of sugar I rock ready aim fire, while y'all rock ready fire aim Then blame the stationary target when the prey escapes the frame Merit badge marksman, a poacher, it's all the same <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Big_Bang
Aesop Rock - Freeze
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 24 Jun 2009
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Music video by Aesop Rock performing Freeze. (C) 2003 Definitive Jux Inc.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Freeze
Aesop - Awakening
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:15
- Published: 22 Feb 2008
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
Awakening from the album, "Creative Differences" Video by Justin Gallagher youtube.com
http://wn.com/Aesop_Awakening
Aesop Rock - No Regrets
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Published: 30 Jun 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aesop Rock - No Regrets
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_No_Regrets
Aesop Rock-None Shall Pass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Published: 14 Oct 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
The song None Shall Pass by Aesop Rock off of the 2007 album None Shall Pass. Please rate and comment. flash that buttery gold, jittery zeitgeist wither by the watering hole, border patrol what are we to heart huckabee art fuckery suddenly? not enough young in his lung for the waterwing colorfully vulgar poacher outta mulch like "i'm 'a pull the pulse out a soldier and bolt" fine sign of the time we elapse when a primate climb up a spine and attach eye for an eye by the bog like swamps and vines they get a rise out of frogs and flies so when a dog-fight's hog-tied prize sorta costs a life their mouths water on a fork and knife and the allure isn't right, no score on a war torn beach where the cash cow's actually beef blood turns wine when it leak for police like "that's not a riot it's a feast, let's eat!" CHORUS: and i will remember your name and face on the day you are judged by the funhouse cast and i will rejoice in your fall from grace with a cane through the sky like "none shall pass" aah, let me in! x2 none shall pass aah, let me in! x2 none shall pass if you never had a day a snow cone couldn't fix you wouldn't relate to the rogue vocoder blitz how he spoke through a no-doz motor on the fritz cause he wouldn't play roll over fetch like a bitch and express no regrets, though he isn't worth a homeowner's piss to the jokers who pose by the glitz. fine sign of the swine in the swarm when a king is a whore who comply and conform miles outside of the eye of the storm <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock-None_Shall_Pass
Aesop Rock - Bent Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Published: 26 Aug 2007
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Labor Days
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Bent_Life
Aesop Rock - Dryspell
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Published: 05 Feb 2008
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
I love this track. Probably one of my personal favorites by Aesop if u wanna read the lyrics: ohhla.com
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Dryspell
Aesop Rock - Fast Cars
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 15 Jun 2009
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Music video by Aesop Rock performing Fast Cars. (C) 2004 Definitive Jux Inc.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Fast_Cars
Aesop Rock - Abandon All Hope
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Published: 19 Feb 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
An early video of Aesop Rock performing "Abandon All Hope" from his first album, Music For Earthworms. This was done as a college project by a friend, and dates from around 1997. The plot seems to involve Aes rapping as a scarecrow while a farmer chases a small boy.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_Abandon_All_Hope
Aesop Rock - 9-5er's Anthem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Published: 12 Jun 2009
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
9-5er's Anthem by Aesop Rock, enjoy.
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_9-5er's_Anthem
Aesop Rock No Regrets
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 23 Mar 2009
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
This is a storyboard video I did to Aesop Rock's "No Regrets". Sorry the quality of the video sucks it was formated for my ipod. But I think you get the idea. I was actually thinking of coloring the pictures in photoshop but that would take away from that storyboard feel.....so maybe another song another day (possibly "The Harbor is Yours"
http://wn.com/Aesop_Rock_No_Regrets
Creative Commons / Orthodox
Nasa Photo
Photo: AP / Musadeq Sadeq
27 Aug 2012
Seventeen civilians have been beheaded in Afghanistan, local officials say, with 10 Afghan soldiers killed in a separate incident. The civilians died in Musa Qala district, in the southern province of...
Photo: AP / Rogelio V. Solis
29 Aug 2012
NEW ORLEANS -- Hurricane Isaac knocked out power, flooded Gulf-front roads and pushed water over the top of an 18-mile section of a rural Louisiana levee before dawn Wednesday as it began a slow, wet...
Photo: AP / Shaam News Network, SNN
27 Aug 2012
Syrian opposition activists accused President Bashar al-Assad's army of massacring hundreds of people in a town close to the capital that government forces recaptured from rebels. About 320 bodies,...
Photo: UN / Victoria Hazou
29 Aug 2012
GULFPORT, Miss. -- Rescue efforts began in earnest Wednesday morning as Hurricane Isaac slowly pushed northward, sparking tornado warnings along the Mississippi coast, dangerous flooding and...
Photo: US DoD
28 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling After just having spent tens of millions of dollars on transportation and a number of armed security guards, President Bill Clinton lands in Guatemala...
Aesop Rock brings show to Turner Hall
24 Aug 2012
Milwaukee Journal Sentinel
Hip hop artist/producer Aesop Rock will bring his world tour to Turner Hall at 8 p.m. Oct. 1. Rob Sonic & DJ Big Wiz and Dark Time Sunshine will also take the stage. Tickets are $16 and go on sale at ....(size: 15.0Kb)
Aesop Rock â âCycles To Gehannaâ Video
21 Aug 2012
Stereogum
Itâs hard to outdo the overwhelming badassery of Aesop Rockâs âZZZ Topâ video, pretty much just a full-length martial arts brawl, but the ferocious punk rock ballet dancers of the new âCycles To Gehannaâ video make it closer than youâd expect. Ben and Pete Lee direct with classic...(size: 5.4Kb)
The Independent
This gloriously British mug is one of a collection from The Contemporary Home, the website that sells cool retro home accessories and furnishings. The seven mugs depict sunny seaside scenes starring seagulls and beach-huts. Perfect for cheering up a chilly...(size: 1.7Kb)
Friday Night: Aesop Rock at Fitzgerald's
13 Aug 2012
Houston Press
Aesop Rock, Edison, Dark Time Sunshine Fitzgerald's August 10, 2012 It was a characteristically hot August night in the H on Friday, but I'd wager that no place was hotter than the upstairs room at Fitzgerald's. The club was crowded with sweating hip-hop heads anticipating hot rhymes, hot beats and...(size: 2.7Kb)
AESOP, MEET PUPPETS. PUPPETS, MEET AESOP
10 Aug 2012
The Business Review
Atlanta Business Chronicle by Eleanor Ringel Cater Date: Friday, August 10, 2012, 6:00am EDT...(size: 7.1Kb)
Rhyme and rhythm from Aesop Rock
06 Aug 2012
Philadelphia Daily News
The shears came out - real beauty parlor shears - when Aesop Rock introduced his song "Racing Stripes" at the Union Transfer. The underground rapper pulled a woman from the audience to brave an impromptu haircut while he rapped the less-than-reassuring refrain, "Dude, it'll grow back." Aes didn't...(size: 2.3Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
Click here to listen to this podcast In an Aesop fable, a thirsty crow wanting to drink from a pitcher must first raise the water level. So he drops pebbles in the container. In real life, the European Jay can perform the same task. But...(size: 1.5Kb)
Aesop Rock
02 Aug 2012
The Quietus
The digitisation of music consumption is either the best or the worst thing that could have happened to Aesop Rock. On the one hand, while hip-hop's free mixtape culture moves at lightning pace, Aesop's dense, lyrical mosaics can take months, even years, to digest. The sheer volume and availability...(size: 5.2Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics AstronomypsychologyEnvironment Advertisement System architecture (Science Daily) After looking at hundreds of other planetary systems, we've finally found one that looks like ours -- a star the size and color of our sun, three known planets, all spinning and orbiting with axes in one...(size: 6.4Kb)
Aesop's fable experiment highlights how differently children and crows learn about the world
26 Jul 2012
The Independent
In the story, a thirsty crow drops pebbles into a pitcher of water. Eventually the water levels rises high enough for the crow to drink. Studies have shown that crows really do understand Archimedes's principle. Faced with a food reward floating out of reach in a flask, they will select weighty...(size: 2.7Kb)
This article is about the creator of Aesop's Fables. For other uses, see Aesop (disambiguation).
"Esop" redirects here. For employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs), see Employee ownership.
Aesop (pronounced /ˈiːsɒp/ EE-sop, Greek: Αἴσωπος, Aisōpos, c. 620-564 BC) was a fabulist or story teller credited with a number of fables now collectively known as Aesop's Fables. Although his existence remains uncertain and (if they ever existed) no writings by him survive, numerous tales credited to him were gathered across the centuries and in many languages in a storytelling tradition that continues to this day. In many of the tales, animals speak and have human characteristics.
Scattered details of Aesop's life can be found in ancient sources, including Aristotle, Herodotus, and Plutarch. An ancient literary work called The Aesop Romance tells an episodic, probably highly fictional version of his life, including the traditional description of him as a strikingly ugly slave (δοῦλος) who by his cleverness acquires freedom and becomes an adviser to kings and city-states. Older spellings of his name have included Esop(e) and Isope. A later tradition (dating from the Middle Ages) depicts Aesop as a black Ethiopian. Depictions of Aesop in popular culture over the last 2500 years have included several works of art and his appearance as a character in numerous books, films, plays, and television programs.
Contents |
Life[link]
The name of Aesop is as widely known as any that has come down from Graeco-Roman antiquity [yet] it is far from certain whether a historical Aesop ever existed ... in the latter part of the fifth century [BC] something like a coherent Aesop legend appears, and Samos seems to be its home.
The earliest Greek sources, including Aristotle, indicate that Aesop was born around 620 BC in Thrace at a site on the Black Sea coast which would later become the city Mesembria; a number of later writers from the Roman imperial period (including Phaedrus, who adapted the fables into Latin), say that he was born in Phrygia.[2] The 3rd-century poet Callimachus called him "Aesop of Sardis,"[3] and the later writer Maximus of Tyre called him "the sage of Lydia."[4]
From Aristotle[5] and Herodotus[6] we learn that Aesop was a slave in Samos and that his masters were first a man named Xanthus and then a man named Iadmon; that he must eventually have been freed, because he argued as an advocate for a wealthy Samian; and that he met his end in the city of Delphi. Plutarch[7] tells us that Aesop had come to Delphi on a diplomatic mission from King Croesus of Lydia, that he insulted the Delphians, was sentenced to death on a trumped-up charge of temple theft, and was thrown from a cliff (after which the Delphians suffered pestilence and famine); before this fatal episode, Aesop met with Periander of Corinth, where Plutarch has him dining with the Seven Sages of Greece, sitting beside his friend Solon, whom he had met in Sardis. (Leslie Kurke suggests that Aesop himself "was a popular contender for inclusion" in the list of Seven Sages).[8]
Problems of chronological reconciliation dating the death of Aesop and the reign of Croesus led the Aesop scholar (and compiler of the Perry Index) Ben Edwin Perry in 1965 to conclude that "everything in the ancient testimony about Aesop that pertains to his associations with either Croesus or with any of the so-called Seven Wise Men of Greece must be reckoned as literary fiction," and Perry likewise dismissed Aesop's death in Delphi as legendary;[9] but subsequent research has established that a possible diplomatic mission for Croesus and a visit to Periander "are consistent with the year of Aesop's death."[10] Still problematic is the story by Phaedrus which has Aesop in Athens, telling the fable of the frogs who asked for a king, during the reign of Peisistratos, which occurred decades after the presumed date of Aesop's death.[11]
The Aesop Romance[link]
Along with the scattered references in the ancient sources regarding the life and death of Aesop, there is a highly fictional biography now commonly called The Aesop Romance (also known as the Vita or The Life of Aesop or The Book of Xanthus the Philosopher and Aesop His Slave), "an anonymous work of Greek popular literature composed around the second century of our era....Like The Alexander Romance, The Aesop Romance became a folkbook, a work that belonged to no one, and the occasional writer felt free to modify as it might suit him."[12] Multiple, sometimes contradictory, versions of this work exist. The earliest known version "was probably composed in the 1st century AD", but the story "probably circulated in different versions for centuries before it was committed to writing";[13] "certain elements can be shown to originate in the 4th century BC."[14] Scholars long dismissed any historical or biographical validity in The Aesop Romance; widespread study of the work began only toward the end of the 20th century.
In The Aesop Romance, Aesop is a slave of Phrygian origin on the island of Samos, and extremely ugly. At first he lacks the power of speech, but after showing kindness to a priestess of Isis, is granted by the goddess not only speech but a gift for clever storytelling, which he uses alternately to assist and confound his master, Xanthus, embarrassing the philosopher in front of his students and even sleeping with his wife. After interpreting a portent for the people of Samos, Aesop is given his freedom and acts as an emissary between the Samians and King Croesus. Later he travels to the courts of Lycurgus of Babylon and Nectanabo of Egypt--both imaginary rulers--in a section that appears to borrow heavily from the romance of Ahiqar.[15] The story ends with Aesop's journey to Delphi, where he angers the citizens by telling insulting fables, is sentenced to death and, after cursing the people of Delphi, is forced to jump to his death.
Fabulist[link]
Aesop may or may not have written his fables. The Aesop Romance claims that he wrote them down and deposited them in the library of Croesus; Herodotus calls Aesop a "writer of fables" and Aristophanes speaks of "reading" Aesop[16], but no writings by Aesop have survived. Scholars speculate that "there probably existed in the fifth century [BC] a written book containing various fables of Aesop, set in a biographical framework."[17] Sophocles in a poem addressed to Euripides made reference to Aesop's fable of the North Wind and the Sun.[18] Socrates while in prison turned some of the fables into verse,[19] of which Diogenes Laertius records a small fragment.[20] The early Roman playwright and poet Ennius also rendered at least one of Aesop's fables in Latin verse, of which the last two lines still exist.[21]
The body of work identified as Aesop's Fables was transmitted by a series of authors writing in both Greek and Latin. Demetrius of Phalerum made a collection in ten books, probably in prose (Αισοπείων α) for the use of orators, which has been lost.[22] Next appeared an edition in elegiac verse, cited by the Suda, but the author's name is unknown. Phaedrus, a freedman of Augustus, rendered the fables into Latin in the 1st century AD. At about the same time Babrius turned the fables into Greek choliambics. A 3rd-century author, Titianus is said to have rendered the fables into prose in a work now lost.[23] Avianus (of uncertain date, perhaps the 4th century) translated 42 of the fables into Latin elegiacs. The 4th-century grammarian Dositheus Magister also made a collection of Aesop's Fables, now lost.
Aesop's Fables continued to be revised and translated through the ensuing centuries, with the addition of material from other cultures, so that the body of fables known today bears little relation to those Aesop originally told. With a surge in scholarly interest beginning toward the end of the 20th century, some attempt has been made to determine the nature and content of the very earliest fables which may be most closely linked to the historic Aesop.[24]
Physical appearance and the question of African origin[link]
The anonymously authored Aesop Romance (usually dated to the 1st or 2nd century AD) begins with a vivid description of Aesop's appearance, saying he was "of loathsome aspect...potbellied, misshapen of head, snub-nosed, swarthy, dwarfish, bandy-legged, short-armed, squint-eyed, liver-lipped—a portentous monstrosity,"[25] or as another translation has it, "a faulty creation of Prometheus when half-asleep."[26] The earliest text by a known author that refers to Aesop's appearance is Himerius in the 4th century, who says that Aesop "was laughed at and made fun of, not because of some of his tales but on account of his looks and the sound of his voice."[27] The evidence from both of these sources is dubious, since Himerius lived some 800 years after Aesop and his image of Aesop may have come from The Aesop Romance, which is essentially fiction; but whether based on fact or not, at some point the idea of an ugly, even deformed Aesop took hold in popular imagination. Scholars have begun to examine why and how this "physiognomic tradition" developed.[28]
A much later tradition depicts Aesop as a black African from Ethiopia.[29] The presence of such slaves in Greek-speaking areas is suggested by the fable "Washing the Ethiopian white" that is ascribed to Aesop himself. This concerns a man who buys a black slave and, assuming that he was neglected by his former master, tries very hard to wash the blackness away. But nowhere in the fable is it suggested that this constitutes a personal reference. The first known promulgator of the idea was Planudes, a Byzantine scholar of the 13th century who wrote a biography of Aesop based on The Aesop Romance and conjectured that Aesop might have been Ethiopian, given his name.[30] An English translation of Planudes' biography from 1687 says that "his Complexion [was] black, from which dark Tincture he contracted his Name (Aesopus being the same with Aethiops)". When asked his origin by a prospective new master, Aesop replies, "I am a Negro"; numerous illustrations by Francis Barlow accompany this text and depict Aesop accordingly.[31] But according to Gert-Jan van Dijk, "Planudes' derivation of 'Aesop' from 'Aethiopian' is...etymologically incorrect,"[32] and Frank Snowden says that Planudes' account is "worthless as to the reliability of Aesop as 'Ethiopian.'"[33]
The tradition of Aesop's African origin was carried forward into the 19th century. The frontispiece of William Godwin's Fables Ancient and Modern (1805) has a copperplate illustration of Aesop relating his stories to little children that gives his features a distinctly African appearance.[34] The collection includes the fable of "Washing the Blackamoor white", although updating it and making the Ethiopian 'a black footman'. In 1856 William Martin Leake repeated the false etymological linkage of "Aesop" with "Aethiop" when he suggested that the "head of a negro" found on several coins from ancient Delphi (with specimens dated as early as 520 BC)[35] might depict Aesop, presumably to commemorate (and atone for) his execution at Delphi,[36] but Theodor Panofka supposed the head to be a portrait of Delphos, founder of Delphi,[37] a view more widely repeated by later historians.[38]
The idea that Aesop was Ethiopian has been further encouraged by the presence of camels, elephants, and apes in the fables, even though these African elements are more likely to have come from Egypt and Libya than from Ethiopia, and the fables featuring African animals may have entered the body of Aesopic fables long after Aesop actually lived.[39] Nevertheless, in 1932 the anthropologist J.H. Driberg, repeating the Aesop/Aethiop linkage, asserted that, while "some say he [Aesop] was a Phrygian...the more general view...is that he was an African", and "if Aesop was not an African, he ought to have been;"[40] and in 2002 Richard A. Lobban cited the number of African animals and "artifacts" in the Aesopic fables as "circumstantial evidence" that Aesop may have been a Nubian folkteller.[41]
Popular perception of Aesop as black may have been further encouraged by a perceived similarity between fables of the trickster Br'er Rabbit, told by African-American slaves, and the traditional role of the slave Aesop as 'a kind of culture hero of the oppressed, and the Life [of Aesop] as a how-to handbook for the successful manipulation of superiors.'[42] This is reinforced by the 1971 TV production Aesop's Fables[43] in which Bill Cosby played Aesop. In this mixture of live action and animation, two black children wander into an enchanted grove, where Aesop tells them fables that differentiate between realistic and unrealistic ambition. His version there of the Tortoise and the Hare illustrates how to take advantage of an opponent's over-confidence.[44]
On other continents Aesop has occasionally undergone a degree of acculturation. This is evident in Isango Portobello's 2010 production of the play Aesop's Fables at the Fugard Theatre in Cape Town, South Africa. Based on a script by British playwright Peter Terson (1983),[45] it was radically adapted by the director Mark Dornford-May as a musical using native African instrumentation, dance and stage conventions.[46] Although Aesop is portrayed as Greek, and dressed in the short Greek tunic, the all-black production contextualises the story in the recent history of South Africa. The former slave, we are told 'learns that liberty comes with responsibility as he journeys to his own freedom, joined by the animal characters of his parable-like fables'.[47] One might compare with this Brian Seward's Aesop's Fabulous Fables[48] (2009), which first played in Singapore with a cast of mixed ethnicities. In it Chinese theatrical routines are merged with those of a standard musical.[49]
There had already been an example of Asian acculturation in 17th-century Japan. There Portuguese missionaries had introduced a translation of the fables (Esopo no Fabulas, 1593) that included the biography of Aesop. This was then taken up by Japanese printers and taken through several editions under the title Isopo Monogatari. Even when Europeans were expelled from Japan and Christianity proscribed, this text survived, in part because the figure of Aesop had been assimilated into the culture and depicted in woodcuts as dressed in Japanese costume.[50]
Depictions[link]
Art and literature[link]
Ancient sources mention two statues of Aesop, one by Aristodemus and another by Lysippus,[51] and Philostratus describes a painting of Aesop surrounded by the animals of his fables,[52] none of which have survived. According to Philostratus
The Fables are gathering about Aesop, being fond of him because he devotes himself to them. For...he checks greed and rebukes insolence and deceit, and in all this some animal is his mouthpiece – a lion or a fox or a horse...and not even the tortoise is dumb – that through them children may learn the business of life. So the Fables, honoured because of Aesop, gather at the doors of the wise man to bind fillets about his head and to crown him with a victor’s crown of wild olive. And Aesop, methinks, is weaving some fable; at any rate his smile and his eyes fixed on the ground indicate this. The painter knows that for the composition of fables relaxation of the spirit is needed. And the painting is clever in representing the persons of the Fables. For it combines animals with men to make a chorus about Aesop, composed of the actors in his fables; and the fox is painted as leader of the chorus.[53]
With the advent of printing in Europe, various illustrators tried to recreate this scene. One of the earliest was in Spain's La vida del Ysopet con sus fabulas historiadas (1489, see above). In France there was I. Baudoin's Fables d’Ésope Phrygien (1631) and Matthieu Guillemot's Les images ou tableaux de platte peinture des deux Philostrates (1637).[54] In England there was Francis Cleyn's frontispiece to John Ogilby's The Fables of Aesop[55] and the much later frontispiece to Godwin's Fables Ancient and Modern mentioned above in which the swarthy fabulist points out three of his characters to the children seated about him.
Early on, too, the representation of Aesop as an ugly slave emerged. The tradition which makes Aesop a black African has resulted in several such depictions, ranging from 17th-century engravings to television portrayal by a black comedian. Some eschew them altogether (as in the portrayal of Aesop in The Bullwinkle Show.[56] In general, beginning in the 20th century, plays have shown Aesop as a slave, but not ugly, while movies and television shows have depicted him as neither ugly nor a slave.
In 1843, the archaeologist Otto Jahn suggested that Aesop was the person depicted on a Greek red-figure cup,[57] c.450 BC, in the Vatican Museums.[58] Paul Zanker describes the figure as a man with "emaciated body and oversized head...furrowed brow and open mouth", who "listens carefully to the teachings of the fox sitting before him. He has pulled his mantle tightly around his meager body, as if he were shivering...he is ugly, with long hair, bald head, and unkempt, scraggly beard, and is clearly uncaring of his appearance."[59] Some archaeologists have suggested that the Hellenistic statue of a bearded hunchback with an intellectual appearance, discovered in the 18th century and pictured at the head of this article, also depicts Aesop, although alternative identifications have since been put forward.[60]
Aesop began to appear equally early in literary works. The 4th-century-BC Athenian playwright Alexis put Aesop on the stage in his comedy "Aesop", of which a few lines survive (Athenaeus 10.432);[61] conversing with Solon, Aesop praises the Athenian practice of adding water to wine.[62] Leslie Kurke suggests that Aesop may have been "a staple of the comic stage" of this era.[63]
The 3rd-century-BC poet Poseidippus of Pella wrote a narrative poem entitled "Aesopia" (now lost), in which Aesop's fellow slave Rhodopis (under her original name Doricha) was frequently mentioned, according to Athenaeus 13.596.[64] Pliny would later identify Rhodopis as Aesop's lover,[65] a romantic motif that would be repeated in subsequent popular depictions of Aesop.
Aesop plays a fairly prominent part in Plutarch's conversation piece "The Banquet of the Seven Sages" in the 1st century AD and is there identified as the teller of amusing but moralistic fables.[66] The fabulist then makes a cameo appearance in the novel A True Story by the 2nd-century satirist Lucian; when the narrator arrives at the Island of the Blessed, he finds that "Aesop the Phrygian was there, too; he acts as their jester."[67]
Beginning with the Heinrich Steinhowel edition of 1476, many translations of the fables into European languages, which also incorporated Planudes' Life of Aesop, featured illustrations depicting him as a hunchback. The 1687 edition of Aesop's Fables with His Life: in English, French and Latin[68] included 28 engravings by Francis Barlow which show him as a dwarfish hunchback (see in the section above), and his facial features appear to accord with his statement in the text (p. 7), "I am a Negro".
The Spaniard Diego Velázquez painted a portrait of Aesop, dated 1639-40 and now in the collection of the Museo del Prado. The presentation is anachronistic and Aesop, while arguably not handsome, displays no physical deformities. It was partnered by another portrait of Menippus, a satirical philosopher equally of slave-origin. A similar philosophers series was painted by fellow Spaniard Jusepe de Ribera,[69] who is credited with two portraits of Aesop. "Aesop, poet of the fables" is in the El Escorial gallery and pictures him as an author leaning on a staff by a table which holds copies of his work, one of them a book with the name Hissopo on the cover.[70] The other is in the Museo de Prado, dated 1640-50 and titled "Aesop in beggar’s rags". There he is also shown at a table, holding a sheet of paper in his left hand and writing with the other.[71] While the former hints at his lameness and deformed back, the latter only emphasises his poverty.
In 1690, French playwright Edmé Boursault's Les fables d'Esope (later known as Esope à la ville) premiered in Paris. A sequel, Esope à la cour[72] (Aesop at Court), was first performed in 1701; drawing on a mention in Herodotus 2.134-5[73] that Aesop had once been owned by the same master as Rhodopis, and the statement in Pliny 36.17[74] that she was Aesop's concubine as well, the play introduced Rodope as Aesop's mistress, a romantic motif that would be repeated in later popular depictions of Aesop.
Sir John Vanbrugh's comedy "Aesop""[75] premiered at the Theatre Royal in Drury Lane, London, in 1697 and was frequently performed there for the next twenty years. A translation and adaptation of Boursault's Les fables d'Esope, Vanbrugh's play depicted a physically ugly Aesop acting as adviser to Learchus, governor of Cyzicus under King Croesus, and using his fables to solve romantic problems and quiet political unrest.[76]
In 1780, the anonymously authored novelette The History and Amours of Rhodope was published in London. The story casts the two slaves Rhodope and Aesop as unlikely lovers, one ugly and the other beautiful; ultimately Rhodope is parted from Aesop and marries the Pharaoh of Egypt. Some editions of the volume were illustrated with an engraving by Francesco Bartolozzi of a work by the painter Angelica Kauffmann. Titled "The beautiful Rhodope in love with Aesop", it pictures Rhodope leaning on an urn; she holds out her hand to Aesop, who is seated under a tree and turns his head to look at her. His right arm rests on a cage of doves, towards which he gestures. There is some ambiguity here, for while the cage suggests the captive state of both of them, a raven perched outside the cage may allude to his supposed colour.[77] In fact, the whole picture is planned to suggest how different the couple are. Rhodope and Aesop lean on opposite elbows, gesture with opposite hands, and while Rhodope's hand is held palm upwards, Aesop's is held palm downwards. She stands while he sits; he is dressed in dark clothes, she in white.
In 1844, Walter Savage Landor, who wrote Imaginary Conversations, published two fictional dialogues between Aesop and Rhodope.[78]
Popular culture[link]
Abandoning the perennial image of Aesop as an ugly slave, the movie Night in Paradise[79] (1946) cast Turhan Bey in the role, depicting Aesop as an advisor to King Croesus who falls in love with the king's intended bride, a Persian princess played by Merle Oberon. There was also the 1953 teleplay "Aesop and Rhodope"[80] by Helene Hanff, broadcast on Hallmark Hall of Fame with Lamont Johnson playing Aesop.
"A raposa e as uvas" ("The Fox and the Grapes"), a play in three acts about the life of Aesop by Brazilian dramatist Guilherme Figueiredo, was published in 1953 and has been performed in many countries, including a videotaped production in China in 2000 under the title Hu li yu pu tao or 狐狸与葡萄.[81]
Beginning in 1959, animated shorts under the title "Aesop and Son" appeared as a recurring segment in the TV series Rocky and His Friends[82] and its successor, The Bullwinkle Show.[56] The image of Aesop as ugly slave was abandoned; Aesop (voiced by Charles Ruggles), a Greek citizen, would recount a fable for the edification of his son, Aesop Jr., who would then deliver the moral in the form of an atrocious pun. Aesop's 1998 appearance in the episode "Hercules and the Kids"[83] in the animated TV series Hercules[84] (voiced by Robert Keeshan) amounted to little more than a cameo.
Occasions on which Aesop is portrayed as black include Richard Durham's[85] "Destination Freedom" radio show broadcast (1949), where the drama "The Death of Aesop,"[86] portrays him as an Ethiopian. In 1971, Bill Cosby played Aesop in the TV production Aesop's Fables.[43]
The musical Aesop's Fables by British playwright Peter Terson was first produced in 1983.[45] In 2010, the play was staged at the Fugard Theatre in Cape Town, South Africa with Mhlekahi Mosiea in the role of Aesop.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ West, pp. 106 and 119.
- ^ Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World (hereafter BNP) 1:256.
- ^ Callimachus, Iambus 2 (Loeb fragment 192)
- ^ Maximus of Tyre, Oration 36.1
- ^ Aristotle, Rhetoric 2.20.
- ^ Herodotus, Histories 2.134.
- ^ Plutarch, On the Delays of Divine Vengeance; Banquet of the Seven Sages; Life of Solon.
- ^ Kurke 2010, p. 135.
- ^ Ben Edwin Perry, Introduction to Babrius and Phaedrus, pp. xxxviii-xlv.
- ^ BNP 1:256.
- ^ Phaedrus 1.2
- ^ William Hansen, review of Vita Aesopi: Ueberlieferung, Sprach und Edition einer fruehbyzantinischen Fassung des Aesopromans by Grammatiki A. Karla in Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.09.39.
- ^ Leslie Kurke, "Aesop and the Contestation of Delphic Authority", in The Cultures Within Ancient Greek Culture: Contact, Conflict, Collaboration, ed. Carol Dougherty and Leslie Kurke, p. 77.
- ^ François Lissarrague, "Aesop, Between Man and Beast: Ancient Portraits and Illustrations", in Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art, ed. Beth Cohen (hereafter, Lissarrague), p. 133.
- ^ Lissarrague, p. 113.
- ^ BNP 1:257; West, p. 121; Hägg, p. 47.
- ^ Hägg, p. 47; also West, p. 122.
- ^ Athenaeus 13.82.
- ^ Plato, Phaedo 61b.
- ^ Diogenes Laertius, Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers 2.5.42: "He also composed a fable, in the style of Aesop, not very artistically, and it begins—Aesop one day did this sage counsel give / To the Corinthian magistrates: not to trust / The cause of virtue to the people's judgment."
- ^ Aulus Gellius, Attic Nights 2.29.
- ^ Perry, Ben E. Demetrius of Phalerum and the Aesopic Fables, Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 93, 1962, pp.287-346
- ^ Ausonius, Epistles 12.
- ^ BNP 1:258-9; West; Niklas Holzberg, The Ancient Fable: An Introduction, pp. 12-13; see also Ainoi, Logoi, Mythoi: Fables in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greek by Gert-Jan van Dijk and History of the Graeco-Latin Fable by Francisco Rodriguez Adrado.
- ^ The Aesop Romance, translated by Lloyd W. Daly, in Anthology of Ancient Greek Popular Literature, ed. William Hansen, p. 111.
- ^ Papademetriou, pp. 14-15.
- ^ Himerius, Orations 46.4, translated by Robert J. Penella in Man and the Word: The Orations of Himerius, p. 250.
- ^ See Lissarrage; Papademetriou; Compton, Victim of the Muses; Lefkowitz, "Ugliness and Value in the Life of Aesop" in Kakos: Badness and Anti-value in Classical Antiquity ed. Sluiter and Rosen.
- ^ Lobban, 2004, pp. 8-9.
- ^ "...niger, unde & nomen adeptus est (idem enim Aesopus quod Aethiops)" is one Latin translation of Planudes' Greek; see Aesopi Phrygis Fabulae, p. 9.
- ^ Tho. Philipott (translating Planudes), Aesop's Fables with His Life: in English, French and Latin, pp. 1 and 7.
- ^ Gert-Jan van Dijk, "Aesop" entry in The Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece, ed. Nigel Wilson, p. 18.
- ^ Frank M. Snowden, Jr., Blacks in Antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman Experience (hereafter Snowden), p. 264.
- ^ Godwin then used the nom de plume of Edward Baldwin. The cover can be viewed online
- ^ Ancient Coins of Phocis web page, accessed 11-12-2010.
- ^ William Martin Leake, Numismata Hellenica: A Catalogue of Greek Coins, p. 45.
- ^ Theodor Panofka, Antikenkranz zum fünften Berliner Winckelmannsfest: Delphi und Melaine, p. 7; an illustration of the coin in question follows p. 16.
- ^ Snowden, pp. 150-51 and 307-8.
- ^ Robert Temple, Introduction to Aesop: The Complete Fables, pp. xx-xxi.
- ^ Driberg, 1932.
- ^ Lobban, 2002.
- ^ Kurke 2010, pp. 11-12.
- ^ a b IMDb.com
- ^ Available in two sections on Youtube.com
- ^ a b "Playwrights and Their Stage Works: Peter Terson". 4-wall.com. 1932-02-24. http://www.4-wall.com/authors/authors_t/terson_peter.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ ""Backstage with 'Aesop's Fables' Director Mark Dornford-May", ''Sunday Times'' (Cape Town), June 7, 2010". Timeslive.co.za. http://www.timeslive.co.za/entertainment/article492685.ece/Backstage-with-Aesops-Fables-director-Mark-Dornford-May. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Aesop's Fables at the Fugard" (online listing); there are also short publicity excerpts on YouTube here [1] and here [2]
- ^ "Doollee.com". Doollee.com. 2002-11-15. http://www.doollee.com/PlaywrightsS/seward-brian.html. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ There are short excerpts on YouTube
- ^ Two academic studies support this conclusion: J.S.A. Elisonas: Fables and Imitations: Kirishitan literature in the forest of simple letters, Bulletin of Portuguese Japanese Studies, Lisbon 2002, pp.13-17 (for consideration of Isoho Monogatari) and Lawrence Marceau, From Aesop to Esopo to Isopo: Adapting the Fables in Late Medieval Japan (2009); an abstract of this paper appears on p.277
- ^ Geert van Dijk's article on Aesop in Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece, New York 2006, p.18
- ^ BNP 1:257.
- ^ Imagines 1.3
- ^ Antonio Bernat Vistarini, Tamás Sajó: Imago Veritatis. La circulación de la imagen simbólica entre fábula y emblema, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Studia Aurea 5 (2007), figures 2 and 1
- ^ British Museum site
- ^ a b The Bullwinkle Show at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ "Kids.britannica.com". Kids.britannica.com. http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-67202/Aesop-talks-with-a-fox-from-one-of-his-fables?&articleTypeId=31. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ Lissarrague, p.137.
- ^ Paul Zanker, The Mask of Socrates, pp. 33-34.
- ^ The question is discussed by Lisa Trentin in "What's in a hump? Re-examining the hunchback in the Villa-Albani-Torlonia" in The Cambridge Classical Journal (New Series) December 2009 55 : pp 130-156; available as an academic reprint online
- ^ "Digicoll.library.wisc.edu". Digicoll.library.wisc.edu. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV2.p0163&id=Literature.AthV2&isize=M&pview=hide. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ Attribution of these lines to Aesop is conjectural; see the reference and footnote in Kurke 2010, p 356.
- ^ Kurke 2010, p. 356.
- ^ "Digicoll.library.wisc.edu". Digicoll.library.wisc.edu. http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/Literature/Literature-idx?type=turn&entity=Literature.AthV3.p0139&id=Literature.AthV3&isize=M&pview=hide. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Pliny 36.17". Perseus.tufts.edu. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D36%3Achapter%3D17. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ Moralia vol. II Loeb translation
- ^ Lucian, Verae Historiae (A True Story) 2.18 (Reardon translation).
- ^ "Magic.lib.msu.edu". Magic.lib.msu.edu. http://magic.lib.msu.edu/search~S39?/cXX%20folio%20PA3857%20.Z9%201687/cpa+3857+z9+1687/1%2C2%2C2%2CE/frameset&FF=cpa+3857+z9+1687+online&1%2C1%2C. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ There is a note on another from this series on the Christies site
- ^ "Lessing-photo.com". http://www.lessing-photo.com/p3/391913/39191333.jpg. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Fineart-china.com". http://www.fineart-china.com/upload1/file-admin/images/new7/Diego%20Velazquez-288688.jpg. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Books.google.co.uk". Books.google.co.uk. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rm0_DWd5jPoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22Boursault%22++Esope&source=bl&ots=4AwpHQxgVy&sig=5q1A7sZbyPPsgB-0L1G9WFh6XSg&hl=en&ei=zFyXTebaNcGHhQf4m7WCCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CDQQ6AEwBTgK#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Old.perseus.tufts.edu". Old.perseus.tufts.edu. http://old.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?lookup=Hdt.+2.134.1. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Perseus.tufts.edu". Perseus.tufts.edu. http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0137%3Abook%3D36%3Achapter%3D17. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Archive.org". Archive.org. http://www.archive.org/stream/playsvanbrugh01vanbuoft#page/222/mode/2up. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ Mark Loveridge, A History of Augustan Fable (hereafter Loveridge), pp. 166-68.
- ^ View online; there is a copy in the Metropolitan Museum, NY
- ^ The second of these is included in Selections from the Imaginary conversations of Walter Savage Landor, New York 1899, archived online, pp.1-14
- ^ IMDb.com
- ^ IMDb.com
- ^ 00:00/00:00. "V.youku.com". V.youku.com. http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMTgzOTIzNDQ=.html. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ Rocky and His Friends at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ IMDb.com
- ^ IMDb.com
- ^ "Richarddurham.com". Richarddurham.com. http://www.richarddurham.com/. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
- ^ "Richarddurham.com". Richarddurham.com. 1949-02-13. http://www.richarddurham.com/thedeathofaesop.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-22.
References[link]
- Adrado, Francisco Rodriguez, 1999-2003. History of the Graeco-Latin Fable (three volumes). Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
- Cancik, Hubert, et al., 2002. Brill's New Pauly: Encyclopaedia of the Ancient World. Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
- Cohen, Beth (editor), 2000. Not the Classical Ideal: Athens and the Construction of the Other in Greek Art. Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. Includes "Aesop, Between Man and Beast: Ancient Portraits and Illustrations" by François Lissarrague.
- Dougherty, Carol and Leslie Kurke (editors), 2003. The Cultures Within Ancient Greek Culture: Contact, Conflict, Collaboration. Cambridge University Press. Includes "Aesop and the Contestation of Delphic Authority" by Leslie Kurke.
- Driberg, J.H., 1932. "Aesop", The Spectator, vol. 148 #5425, June 18, 1932, pp. 857–8.
- Hansen, William (editor), 1998. Anthology of Ancient Greek Popular Literature. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Includes The Aesop Romance (The Book of Xanthus the Philosopher and Aesop His Slave or The Career of Aesop), translated by Lloyd W. Daly.
- Hägg, Tomas, 2004. Parthenope: Selected Studies in Ancient Greek Fiction (1969-2004). Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press. Includes Hägg's "A Professor and his Slave: Conventions and Values in The Life of Aesop", first published in 1997.
- Hansen, William, 2004. Review of Vita Aesopi: Ueberlieferung, Sprach und Edition einer fruehbyzantinischen Fassung des Aesopromans by Grammatiki A. Karla. Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2004.09.39.
- Holzberg, Niklas, 2002. The Ancient Fable: An Introduction, translated by Christine Jackson-Holzberg. Bloomington & Indianapolis: Indiana University press.
- Keller, John E., and Keating, L. Clark, 1993. Aesop's Fables, with a Life of Aesop. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press. English translation of the first Spanish edition of Aesop from 1489, La vida del Ysopet con sus fabulas historiadas including original woodcut illustrations; the Life of Aesop is a version from Planudes.
- Kurke, Leslie, 2010. Aesopic Conversations: Popular Tradition, Cultural Dialogue, and the Invention of Greek Prose. Princeton University Press.
- Leake, William Martin, 1856. Numismata Hellenica: A Catalogue of Greek Coins. London: John Murray.
- Loveridge, Mark, 1998. A History of Augustan Fable. Cambridge University Press.
- Lobban, Richard A., Jr., 2002. "Was Aesop a Nubian Kummaji (Folkteller)?", Northeast African Studies, 9:1 (2002), pp. 11–31.
- Lobban, Richard A., Jr., 2004. Historical Dictionary of Ancient and Medieval Nubia. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press.
- Panofka, Theodor, 1849. Antikenkranz zum fünften Berliner Winckelmannsfest: Delphi und Melaine. Berlin: J. Guttentag.
- Papademetriou, J. Th., 1997. Aesop as an Archetypal Hero. Studies and Research 39. Athens: Hellenic Society for Humanistic Studies.
- Penella, Robert J., 2007. Man and the Word: The Orations of Himerius." Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Perry, Ben Edwin (translator), 1965. Babrius and Phaedrus. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Philipott, Tho. (translator), 1687. Aesop's Fables with His Life: in English, French and Latin. London: printed for H. Hills jun. for Francis Barlow. Includes Philipott's English translation of Planudes' Life of Aesop with illustrations by Francis Barlow.
- Reardon, B.P. (editor), 1989. Collected Ancient Greek Novels. Berkeley: University of California Press. Includes An Ethiopian Story by Heliodorus, translated by J.R. Morgan, and A True Story by Lucian, translated by B.P. Reardon.
- Snowden, Jr., Frank M., 1970. Blacks in Antiquity: Ethiopians in the Greco-Roman Experience. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Temple, Robert and Olivia (translators), 1998. Aesop: The Complete Fables. New York: Penguin Books.
- van Dijk, Gert-Jan, 1997. Ainoi, Logoi, Mythoi: Fables in Archaic, Classical, and Hellenistic Greek. Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers.
- West, M.L., 1984. "The Ascription of Fables to Aesop in Archaic and Classical Greece", La Fable (Vandœuvres–Genève: Fondation Hardt, Entretiens XXX), pp. 105–36.
- Wilson, Nigel, 2006. Encyclopedia of Ancient Greece. New York: Routledge.
- Zanker, Paul, 1995. The Mask of Socrates: The Image of the Intellectual in Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Further reading[link]
- Anonymous, 1780. The History and Amours of Rhodope. London: Printed for E.M Diemer.
- Anthony, Mayvis, 2006. The Legendary Life and Fables of Aesop. Toronto: Mayant Press. A retelling of the Life of Aesop for children.
- Caoursin, William, The Siege of Rhodes, London (1482), with Aesopus, The Book of Subtyl Histories and Fables of Esope (1484). Facsimile ed., 2 vols. in 1, Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, 1975. ISBN 978-0-8201-1154-4.
- Caxton, William, 1484. The history and fables of Aesop, Westminster. Modern reprint edited by Robert T. Lenaghan (Harvard University Press: Cambridge, 1967). Includes Caxton's Epilogue to the Fables, dated March 26, 1484.
- Clayton, Edward. "Aesop, Aristotle, and Animals: The Role of Fables in Human Life". Humanitas, Volume XXI, Nos. 1 and 2, 2008, pp. 179–200. Bowie, Maryland: National Humanities Institute.
- Compton, Todd, 1990. "The Trial of the Satirist: Poetic Vitae (Aesop, Archilochus, Homer) as Background for Plato's Apology", The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 111, No. 3 (Autumn, 1990), pp. 330–347. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Compton, Todd, 2006. Victim of the Muses: Poet as Scapegoat, Warrior and Hero in Greco-Roman and Indo-European Myth and History. Washington, D.C.: Center for Hellenic Studies.
- Daly, Lloyd W., 1961. Aesop without Morals: The Famous Fables, and a Life of Aesop, Newly Translated and Edited. New York and London: Thomas Yoseloff. Includes Daly's translation of The Aesop Romance.
- Figueiredo, Guilherme, 1953? The Fox and the Grapes (English translation of A raposa e as uvas). New York: Brazilian-American Cultural Institute.
- Gibbs, Laura (translator), 2002, reissued 2008. Aesop's Fables. Oxford University Press.
- Gibbs, Laura. "Aesop Illustrations: Telling the Story in Images", Journey to the Sea (online journal), issue 6, December 1, 2008.
- Gibbs, Laura. "Life of Aesop: The Wise Fool and the Philosopher", Journey to the Sea (online journal), issue 9, March 1, 2009.
- Jacobs, Joseph, The fables of Aesop: as first printed by William Caxton in 1484, London: David Nutt, 1889.
- Perry, Ben Edwin (editor), 1952, 2nd edition 2007. Aesopica: A Series of Texts Relating to Aesop or Ascribed to Him. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
- Sluiter, Ineke and Rosen, Ralph M. (editors), 2008. Kakos: Badness and Anti-value in Classical Antiquity. Mnemosyne: Supplements. History and Archaeology of Classical Antiquity; 307. Leiden/Boston: Brill Academic Publishers. Includes "Ugliness and Value in the Life of Aesop" by Jeremy B. Lefkowitz.
- Temple, Robert, "Fables, Riddles, and Mysteries of Delphi", Proceedings of 4th Philosophical Meeting on Contemporary Problems, No 4, 1999 (Athens, Greece) In Greek and English.
- Wills, Lawrence M., 1997. The Quest of the Historical Gospel: Mark, John, and the Origins of the Gospel Genre. London and New York: Routledge. Includes, an appendix, Wills' English translation of the Life of Aesop, pp. 180–215.
External links[link]
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Wikisource has original works written by or about: |
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Aesop |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Aesop |
- Aesop's Fables Free audio downloads
- Aesop's Fables Intended for children
- Aesop's Fables by V. S. Vernon Jones
- Aesop's Fables with illustrations by Harrison Weir, John Tenniel, Ernest Griset, and others
- AesopFables.com Large collection of fables; many are not Aesopic
- Aesopica.net Over 600 fables in English, with Latin and Greek texts also; searchable
- Carlson Fable Collection at Creighton University Includes online catalogue of fable-related objects
- Vita Aesopi Online resources for the Life of Aesop
- Works by Aesop at Project Gutenberg
- Works by Aesop on Open Library at the Internet Archive
- Aesop's Minimalist Collection BRA
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Aesop |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Aesop
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Esopo
http://es.wn.com/Esopo
http://ru.wn.com/Эзоп
http://fr.wn.com/Ésope
http://de.wn.com/Äsop
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| John Darnielle | |
|---|---|
 Darnielle playing a solo show under the name of The Mountain Goats at the Harvest of Hope Fest in St. Augustine, FL in 2010. |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1967-03-16) March 16, 1967 (age 45) Bloomington, Indiana, U.S. |
| Genres | Folk rock, lo-fi, indie rock, folk |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar |
| Years active | 1991–present |
| Associated acts | The Mountain Goats, The Extra Lens, The Extra Glenns, The Seneca Twins, The Bloody Hawaiians, The Congress, The Crunch Sisters, Chicken Damage, The Salvation Brothers, The Comedians, Aesop Rock |
John Darnielle (
/dɑrˈniːl/[1], born March 16, 1967) is an American musician, best known as the primary (and often solitary) member of the American band The Mountain Goats, for which he is the writer, composer, guitarist, and vocalist.[2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Places Darnielle has lived[link]
Born in Bloomington, Indiana, at a young age Darnielle moved and grew up in and around San Luis Obispo, California. He has also lived in Grinnell, Iowa; Tallahassee, Florida; Colo, Iowa; Ames, Iowa; Chicago, Illinois; Portland, Oregon; Milpitas, CA and Denton, Texas. He currently resides in Durham, North Carolina with his wife Lalitree Darnielle, a photographer who was featured playing the banjo in the band's 1998 EP New Asian Cinema, and son Roman.[3]
Early years[link]
Darnielle grew up in Central California with an abusive stepfather by the name of Mike Noonan (1940-2004) (as referenced frequently in The Sunset Tree) and after high school, he went to work as a psychiatric nurse at the Metropolitan State Hospital in Norwalk, California. For a couple of years, he lived on the Metropolitan State grounds, writing songs and playing his guitar when he wasn't working. During this time he began recording some of his songs onto cassette tapes using a Panasonic boombox. Shortly after working at the hospital, Darnielle attended Pitzer College from 1991 to 1995, earning a degree in English.
Throughout his college education he continued to record music. In 1992, Dennis Callaci, a friend of Darnielle's and owner of Shrimper Records, released a tape of Darnielle’s songs called "Taboo VI: The Homecoming". Around that time, The Mountain Goats were born and began touring with just Darnielle on guitar and a bassist, first Rachel Ware and then Peter Hughes.
Musical career[link]
Darnielle is best known for his role in the band The Mountain Goats. Since starting the band in 1991, he has gained a cult following. Despite being dubbed a low fidelity artist, Darnielle has always dubbed his work "bi-fi", pointing out that recordings such as his couldn't be made without modern technology. He is known for his prolific output and literary lyrics. Sasha Frere-Jones, writing in The New Yorker, referred to him as "America’s best lyricist".[4] In its June 2006 issue, Paste magazine named Darnielle one of the "100 Best Living Songwriters".[5]
Darnielle has several series of songs with similar titles or storylines. A series entitled "Going To..." features small stories about various places and includes songs such as "Going to Cleveland", "Going to Maryland", "Going to Georgia", and "Going to Queens". This series explores the futility of running away from one's problems in stark and cryptic detail. His "Alpha" series is about a distressed couple's marriage and history, with such song titles as "Alpha Incipiens", "Alphabetizing", and "Alpha Rats Nest". The band's 2002 album Tallahassee was exclusively about the couple; there have subsequently been no more "Alpha" songs.
Darnielle has stated that all songs written up to and including those on Tallahassee are fictional, but that The Sunset Tree is autobiographical.
Veganism[link]
Darnielle went vegetarian in 1996 and stated in a 2007 interview with Vegan Radio that he was vegan.[6] In the same year, he performed at a benefit for the animal rights organization Farm Sanctuary in Watkins Glen, New York. He performed again at Farm Sanctuary in 2009.
Collaborations[link]
Darnielle is featured on Aesop Rock's song "Coffee" (from the hip-hop artist's 2007 album None Shall Pass) and appears in the corresponding music video. Additionally, Aesop Rock remixed The Mountain Goats' "Lovecraft in Brooklyn".
In 2008, Darnielle announced the release of a tour-exclusive EP entitled The Black Pear Tree, the result of a collaboration with tourmate Kaki King. He collaborated with John Vanderslice on lyrics for the 2005 album Pixel Revolt, and in 2009, Darnielle released a collaborative recording after a shared tour with Vanderslice.
On September 20, 2010, Darnielle appeared on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon with the band Superchunk (whose drummer, Jon Wurster, is also in The Mountain Goats). They performed the song Digging for Something with a big reception.
Writing[link]
Darnielle's first book, Black Sabbath: Master of Reality, was published in April 2008 as part of the 33⅓ series. He writes the "South Pole Dispatch" feature in Decibel Magazine every month.
Bands in which Darnielle has played[link]
Darnielle is also a member or former member of the following bands:
- The Extra Lens (along with Franklin Bruno). They have released two full-lengths titled "Martial Arts Weekend", "Undercard", as well as "Infidelity" a double sided 7" EP.
- The Comedians (along with John Vanderslice). The band's only studio recording was credited to "The Mountain Goats and John Vanderslice".
- The Seneca Twins (along with Lalitree Darnielle and Chris Butler), whose 9-song demo, recorded in 1995, is still unreleased.
- The Bloody Hawaiians (along with Joel Huschle (Furniture Huschle), Mark Givens (Wckr Spgt), Caroline) Releases: The Magnificent Bloody Hawaiians, Bastard Son, The Threegos, "Lemon" on Cool Beans #4)
- The Congress (along with Mark Givens and other anonymous members)(Darnielle was singer / songwriter)
-releases: Election Year, Sleeping Under Angels' Wings, We All Fall Down, She Lies in Roses, The Farm Out Back, No Milk Since 1979, Full Term.
- The Crunch Sisters (performed one show, all recordings were lost[citation needed])
- Chicken Damage (Darnielle played live drums)
- The Salvation Brothers (Darnielle played live drums)
- The Orange Trees (Played one show in Evanston which was attended by about five people.)
References[link]
- ^ uhm, John Darnielle? The Mountain Goats Forums.
- ^ Denney, Alex (January 15, 2008). "Playing for Pride: John Darnielle speaks out on The Mountain Goats' new record". Drowned in Sound. http://www.drownedinsound.com/articles/2800016.
- ^ New Asian Cinema (album)
- ^ Frere-Jones, Sasha (May 16, 2005). "The Declaimers". The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2005/05/16/050516crmu_music. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
- ^ "Paste's 100 Best Living Songwriters #81-90". Paste. June 14, 2006. http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2006/06/pastes-100-best-living-songwriters-8190.html. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
- ^ "John Darnielle". Vegan Radio. http://veganradio.com/bumper/john-darnielle. Retrieved December 26, 2011.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: John Darnielle |
- TheMountainGoats.net
- Mountain-Goats.com
- JohnDarnielle.com
- Last Plane to Jakarta
- Interview with 3:AM Magazine
- Roundtable between Darnielle and authors Jonathan Lethem and Rick Moody on the crossbreeding of music & literature (3/2006) From LA Weekly
- Note Books essay at Largehearted Boy
- The Songwriter as Storyteller: An Interview with John Darnielle from InDigest Magazine
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Darnielle, John |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Singer-Songwriter |
| Date of birth | March 16, 1967 |
| Place of birth | Bloomington, Indiana, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/John_Darnielle
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Darnielle
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
4:05
Aesop Rock-None Shall Pass
PopShuvIt247
Aesop Rock-None Shall Pass
The song None Shall Pass by Aesop Rock off of the 2007 album None Shall Pass. Please rate and comment. flash that buttery gold, jittery zeitgeist wither by the watering hole, border patrol what are we to heart huckabee art fuckery suddenly? not enough young in his lung for the waterwing colorfully vulgar poacher outta mulch like "i'm 'a pull the pulse out a soldier and bolt" fine sign of the time we elapse when a primate climb up a spine and attach eye for an eye by the bog like swamps and vines they get a rise out of frogs and flies so when a dog-fight's hog-tied prize sorta costs a life their mouths water on a fork and knife and the allure isn't right, no score on a war torn beach where the cash cow's actually beef blood turns wine when it leak for police like "that's not a riot it's a feast, let's eat!" CHORUS: and i will remember your name and face on the day you are judged by the funhouse cast and i will rejoice in your fall from grace with a cane through the sky like "none shall pass" aah, let me in! x2 none shall pass aah, let me in! x2 none shall pass if you never had a day a snow cone couldn't fix you wouldn't relate to the rogue vocoder blitz how he spoke through a no-doz motor on the fritz cause he wouldn't play roll over fetch like a bitch and express no regrets, though he isn't worth a homeowner's piss to the jokers who pose by the glitz. fine sign of the swine in the swarm when a king is a whore who comply and conform miles outside of the eye of the storm <b>...</b>
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