The World Map by Diogo Ribeiro (1529) labels the Americas as MUNDUS NOVUS. It traces most of South America and the east coast of North America.

The New World is one of the names used for the Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas and sometimes Oceania (Australasia). The term originated in the early 16th century, shortly after America was discovered by European explorers, expanding the geographical horizon of the people of the European Middle Ages, who had thought of the world as consisting of Europe, Asia, and Africa only: collectively now referred to as the Old World. The Americas were also referred to as the "fourth part of the world".

Name origin[link]

Allegory of the New World: Amerigo Vespucci awakens the sleeping America

The term was first coined by the Florentine explorer Amerigo Vespucci, in a letter written to his patron Lorenzo di Pier Francesco de' Medici in the Spring of 1503, and published (in Latin) in 1503-04 under the title Mundus Novus. Vespucci's letter contains arguably the first explicit articulation in print of the hypothesis that the lands discovered by European navigators to the west were not the edges of Asia, but rather an entirely different continent, a "New World".^[1]

Vespucci probably came to this realization in June of 1502, during a famous chance meeting between two different expeditions at the watering stop of "Bezeguiche" (the Bay of Dakar, Senegal) - his own outgoing expedition, on its way to chart the coast of newly-discovered Brazil, and the vanguard ships of the Second Portuguese India armada of Pedro Alvares Cabral, returning home from India. Having already visited the Americas in prior years, Vespucci probably found it difficult to reconcile what he had already seen in the West Indies, with what the returning sailors told him of the East Indies. Vespucci wrote a preliminary letter to Lorenzo, while anchored at Bezeguiche, which he sent back with the Portuguese fleet - at this point only expressing a certain puzzlement about his conversations.^[2] Vespucci was finally persuaded when he proceeded on his mapping expedition through 1501-02, covering the huge stretch of coast of eastern Brazil. After returning from Brazil, in the Spring of 1503, Amerigo Vespucci composed the Mundus Novus letter in Lisbon to Lorenzo in Florence, with its famous opening paragraph:^[3]

In passed days I wrote very fully to you of my return from new countries, which have been found and explored with the ships, at the cost and by the command of this Most Serene King of Portugal; and it is lawful to call it a new world, because none of these countries were known to our ancestors and all who hear about them they will be entirely new. For the opinion of the ancients was, that the greater part of the world beyond the equinoctial line to the south was not land, but only sea, which they have called the Atlantic; and even if they have affirmed that any continent is there, they have given many reasons for denying it is inhabited. But this opinion is false, and entirely opposed to the truth. My last voyage has proved it, for I have found a continent in that southern part; full of animals and more populous than our Europe, or Asia, or Africa, and even more temperate and pleasant than any other region known to us.

Vespucci's letter was a European publishing sensation, immediately (and repeatedly) reprinted in several other countries.^[4]

The Spanish scholar Peter Martyr d'Anghiera used the term "New World"^[5] with some twenty editions over the next four years.

In 1524, the term was also used by Giovanni da Verrazzano in a record of his voyage that year along the Atlantic coast of land that is now part of the United States and Canada.^[6]

Usage and definition[link]

The terms "Old World" vs. "New World" are primarily meaningful in historical context and for the purpose of distinguishing the world's major ecozones. One can speak of the "New World" in a historical context, e.g., when discussing the voyages of Christopher Columbus, the Spanish conquest of Yucatán and other events of the colonial period; additionally, the term "New World" is sometimes used in a biological context, when one speaks of Old World (Palearctic, Afrotropic) and New World species (Nearctic, Neotropic).

Criticism of term[link]

The term has been criticized as being Eurocentric, patronizing and also for taking an apologetic tone with regard to colonialism.^[7]

See also[link]

• Models of migration to the New World
• Paleo-Indians
• Indigenous peoples of the Americas

References[link]

v t e Regions of the World Africa Northern Middle East Sub-Saharan Central Southern Western Eastern Oceania Australasia Australia Zealandia Melanesia Micronesia Polynesia America North Northern Middle Central Caribbean South Southern Northern Western Guianan States Anglo Latin (Hispanic) Polar regions Arctic Antarctic Asia Central Eastern Northeastern Northern Southeastern Mainland Maritime Southern Indian subcontinent Western Middle East Oceans World Arctic Atlantic Indian Pacific Southern Europe Central Eastern Northern Southeastern Middle East Southern Western Seas List of seas Related Continents of the world List of seas Physical Earth

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Derek Gleeson
Background information
Origin	Dublin, Ireland.
Genres	Orchestral/Contemporary
Occupations	Conductor/Composer
Instruments	Piano, Timpani & Percussion
Website	http://www.derekgleeson.com

Derek Gleeson: Irish/American dual Citizen. Music Director, Conductor, Composer, Music Producer, Timpanist, Percussionist, Pianist and Educator. Born in Dublin, February 28, 1964.

Music Director & Conductor of the Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra.^[1] (1997–Present). Conductor at the Anna Livia Dublin International Opera Festival. (Founded by Bernadette Greevy). Composer of the Irish Film and Television Awards (IFTAs) (2005–Present).^[2] Director of Ceoil Productions Ireland/Screen Training Ireland's^[3] film scoring program.(1996–Present). Composer of musical scores for Film and Television^[4] and of symphonic music for the concert hall.(1997–Present)

DPO Conductor Derek Gleeson

Music education[link]

Music Director & Conductor Derek Gleeson

(1970–1984) Gleeson studied Piano, Music Theory/Composition, Timpani and Percussion at both the College of Music, Dublin, and the Royal Irish Academy of Music, additional private timpani studies with Martin Metrustry, principal timpanist of the RTE Symphony Orchestra (now the: RTE National Symphony Orchestra), and with Alan Cumberland, principal timpanist (at the time,) of the London Philharmonic Orchestra. Later,(1981–1984) Gleeson attended the Royal Academy of Music, London.

(1984–1988) Continued further studies in Conducting in London with Harry Newstone^[5] at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama, and with Karl Oesterreicher^[6] at the Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Wien, (University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna)

(1990–1994) Gleeson studied Film Scoring at UCLA (the University of California at Los Angeles), with Don Brandon Ray and Robert Drasnin.

(2000–2004) Opera Conducting studies continued in Easter Europe with Valeri Vachev and Milen Nachev, a protege of Ilya Musin.^[7]

Early musical life[link]

Gleeson's early musical life was an eclectic one. At age twelve, he was Timpanist of the Irish Youth Orchestra, (IYO). (Now the National Youth Orchestra of Ireland).^[8] At age fifteen, as a Percussionist and Timpanist, he joined the European Community Youth Orchestra (ECYO) (now the European Union Youth Orchestra, EUYO)^[9] where he had the opportunity to work under the great conducting masters of the day, including Herbert Von Karajan, Claudio Abbado, Leonard Bernstein, Sir Georg Solti and Daniel Barenboim, whilst performing, amongst others, at the Salzburg Festival, the Edinburgh Festival, Lucerne Festival as well as at the BBC Proms at the Royal Albert Hall. In parallel, he was also a member of "EuroJazz"^[10] The European Community Youth Jazz Orchestra and NYJO, The National Youth Jazz Orchestra of Great Britain,^[11] with whom he featured as Vibraphone soloist in the CD release of Paul Hart's Concerto for Classical Guitar and Jazz Orchestra, written for Guitarist John Williams, released on CBS Records.

At 15 years old, as freelance timpanist and percussionist, Gleeson began working with the RTE Concert Orchestra and the RTE Symphony Orchestra while still attending High School. Between 1979 and 1989 he performed as a freelance orchestral player with many of the prominent British Orchestras, and the Chamber Orchestra of Europe.^[12] In 1984 he was a prize winner in the Shell/London Symphony Orchestra Music Scholarship. During this period he also worked as a Studio Session Musician, principally as a Keyboardist and Piano player for pop/rock and commercial recording sessions.

Whilst living and studying conducting in Vienna at the Hochschule für Musik und darstellende Kunst, Wien(University of Music and Performing Arts, Vienna) Gleeson sang second bass with Gunther Theuring's,^[13] Wiener Jeunesse-Chor,^[14] with whom he performed with the Wiener Philharmoniker^[15] at the Musikverein.^[16] (Gleeson also studied Voice periodically with the famed Irish vocal teacher Veronica Dunne at the College of Music, Dublin. Now called, the DIT-Conservatory of Music & Drama,^[17] Dublin)

In 1989, Gleeson "won" a U.S. Green Card (NP-5 Visa) in the U.S. Donnelly Visa lottery and moved to Los Angeles where he attended UCLA, studying Film Scoring and Composition.

Conducting[link]

Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra

In December 1989, Gleeson moved to Los Angeles, left the world of the freelance orchestral musician, and directed his time exclusively to Conducting and Composition.

Amongst others, Gleeson has conducted: The Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra; The London Philharmonic Orchestra; The RTÉ Concert Orchestra (RTÉ = Raidió Teilifís Éireann; Ireland's national broadcaster); The National Symphony Orchestra of Ireland; Orchestra da Camera Fiorentina, (Italy); The Bohuslav Martinů Philharmonic, (Czech); The Karlovy Vary Symphony Orchestra, (Czech); RTL Orchestra, (Luxembourg); The NOS Nederlandse Omroep Stichting Orchestra, (Holland); The Danish Radio Concert Orchestra (Denmark); Orchestra of the Sadlers Wells Royal Ballet, (England); Bulgarian National Radio Symphony Orchestra, (Bulgaria); Philharmonia Bulgarica; The Vratza Philharmonic Orchestra, (Bulgaria); The Los Angeles Composers Guild Chamber Orchestra; The Ruckert Chamber Orchestra, (Ireland); and the Tehran Symphony Orchestra, (Iran). Opera repertoire includes: Verdi's La Traviata, Il Trovatore, Rigoletto and Un Ballo in Maschera. Mozart's, La Nozze di Figaro, Don Giovanni and Magic Flute. Bizet's Carmen. Tchaikovsky's Eugene Onegin.

Anna Livia Dublin International Opera Festival "Conductor Derek Gleeson kept perfect pace and never overwhelmed the action...I doubt there has been a better Rigoletto in Dublin. The President of Ireland led a prolonged standing ovation, and deservedly so" The Sunday Business Post, September '08

"His Mahler's Fifth Symphony was glorious" The Irish Times

"Thanks to the authority & dynamism of the young and talented conductor Derek Gleson, the orchestra excelled itself," The Irish Times.

To great acclaim, Derek Gleeson conducted the premier CD recording of Tchaikovsky's Ode to Joy,^[18] The original Romeo and Juliet Fantasy Overture and Prokofiev's Zdravitsa (Prokofiev) with the London Philharmonic Orchestra and Choir. (Carlton Classics/IMP Masters)^[19]

"Performances are entirely convincing, polished and stylsh under Irish conductor Gleeson's able leadership." In Tune Magazine

"Derek Gleeson conducted with spirit....striking detail...A must for anyone who loves Russian music" Classic CD Magazine

In 2009, Gleeson and the Dublin Philharmonic Orchestra made the largest orchestral tour of the U.S.A. that year, to over 49 cities, under the auspices of Columbia Artists Management, Inc.^[20]

In 2010, Gleeson and the DPO toured China, performing at the Shanghai Grand Theatre's World Expo Program,^[21] and two concerts opening the Beijing Summer Festival "Roam about the Classics"^[22] from the National Centre for the Performing Arts (NCPA) at the Opera House, televised throughout China to over 400 million people.

Composition[link]

Gleeson composed Film Scores for the feature films The White Pony^[23] (Director Brian Kelly); Irish Whiskey^[24] (Director Jon Stevens); Moving Target^[25] (Director Paul Ziller); The Doorway^[26] (Director Michael Druxman); Kitchen^[27] (Director Kieron J Walsh) and additional music on The Suicide Club^[28] (Director Rachel Samuels).

In addition to composing music for film, Gleeson is Director of Ceoil Productions Ireland/Screen Training Ireland's Film Scoring Program. He served as composer advisor to Moonstone^{[disambiguation needed ]} International and as Music Jury Chairman and Composer of the Irish Film & Television Awards (IFTAs)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Derek Gleeson at Allmusic
• Derek Gleeson at the Internet Movie Database
• Music Director Website

Markus Schulz
Markus Schulz in the USA, 2007
Background information
Birth name	Markus Schulz
Also known as	Dakota, Himmel
Born	1975 (age 36–37)
Origin	Eschwege, Germany
Genres	Trance
Years active	1990–present
Labels	Coldharbour Recordings, Armada Music, Ultra Records
Website	http://www.markusschulz.com

Markus Schulz is a German trance music DJ and producer who resides in Miami, Florida, United States. He is best known for his weekly radio show titled Global DJ Broadcast that airs on Digitally Imported radio, After Hours FM and other online stations.^[1] He is also the founder of the EDM label Coldharbour Recordings.^[2]

Producing[link]

Schulz has released six mix compilations and three artist albums under his own name. He has also released productions and albums, Thoughts Become Things and Thoughts Become Things II, under the alias Dakota. Through his work with remixing tracks, he has had the opportunity to work with such artists as: Depeche Mode, Madonna, Everything but the Girl, Jewel, OceanLab, Gabriel & Dresden, Télépopmusik, Fat Boy Slim, Miro, Book of Love, Blue Amazon, and PQM.^[1] His remixes of "Intuition" and "Stand" by Jewel both hit #1 on the Billboard club chart.^[3]

Performing[link]

Markus performing at Mayday, 2010 in Poland.

When not in the studio working on new mixes, Schulz maintains an extensive international touring schedule. He originally held a seven-year residency at The Works in Phoenix, Arizona, where he developed his style. Since then, he has performed at clubs all over the world and has DJ'ed at some of the largest festivals and events, including: Electric Daisy Carnival, Electric Zoo, Monster Massive, Together As One, Ultra Music Festival, Amsterdam Dance Event, Nature One, Dance Valley, Love Parade, Global Gathering, ETD Pop, Trance Energy 2010, Bang Music Festival, Future Music Festival, Bal en Blanc,^[1] at the Episodes 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, and 550 of A State of Trance and at Summafieldayze on the Gold Coast in Australia.

On October 28, 2010, DJ Magazine announced the results of their annual Top 100 DJ Poll, placing Schulz at #8 DJ in the world.^[4] As of the 2011 poll, he is #9 in the ranking.^[5]

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Without You Near (2005, Armada Music)^[6]
• Progression (2007, Armada Music)^[7]
• Progression Progressed - The Remixes (2008, Armada Music)
• Dakota - Thoughts Become Things (2009, Armada Music)^[6]
• Do You Dream? (2010, Armada Music)^[8]
• Do You Dream? - The Remixes (2011, Armada Music)
• Markus Schulz presents Dakota – Thoughts Become Things II (1 July 2011, Armada Music)^[9]
• Markus Schulz presents Dakota – Thoughts Become Things II (The Remixes) (13 January 2012, Armada Music)^[10]

Compilations[link]

• Coldharbour Sessions (2004, Armada Music)^[6]
• Miami '05 (2005, Moist Music)^[6]
• Ibiza '06 (2006, Moist Music)^[11][12]
• Amsterdam '08 (2008, Armada Music)^[6]
• Toronto '09 (2009, Armada Music)^[6]
• Armada At Ibibza - Summer 2008
• Las Vegas '10 (2010, Armada Music)^[6]
• Prague '11 (2011, Armada Music)^[6]
• Los Angeles '12 (2012, Armada Music)^[6]

Singles[link]

Remixes[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Markus Schulz

• Official Website
• Markus Schulz Facebook Page
• Markus Schulz MySpace Page
• Markus Schulz Twitter Page
• Markus Schulz YouTube Page
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