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Tuesday, 14 August 2012
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ghanaian \ghanaian\ adj. 1. of or pertaining to the inhabitants of Ghana; as, ghanaian writers.
Syn: Ghanian, Ghanese. [WordNet 1.5]
2. of or pertaining to Ghana. ghanaian cocoa production
Syn: Ghanese, Ghanian. [WordNet 1.5] - ghanaian adj 1: of or relating to or characteristic of Ghana or its people or language; "ghanaian cocoa production" [syn: ghanaian, Ghanese, Ghanian]
Ghanaian
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![LITTLE GHANAIAN PLAYER [TWI]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120814201855im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/EtdwlmKRf0U/0.jpg "TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH: * Please, they call me Frank, but please what is your name? - My name is Chantel * Chantel, oh, thats a nice name, your name fits you... Please i want you to be my friend, and vice versa - You want my friendship?(smirk) * Please, yes - Where do you live? * Please, this house right here, the nice one with the flowers, my dad in London built it for me, I'm the only one living in it - Ok i hear, when i pass again, i'll search for you * Please, im not finished, you know how the Ashanti's say friend and the white folks say girlfriend, so i want you to be my girlfriend - HEY! Are you sick in the mind, you want me to be your girlfriend? * Oh, im not small, dont be decieved, im 23 years, im not small at all - Your 23 years, foreal, are you sure? * I'm very sure, 23 years, im not small at all - So you say you like me? * Yea of course, not no small like, im talking about strong like - Ok, i hear you * Please how can i see you again? - Do you know teacher? The one with the bald head, T? * Yea yea teacher, thats my friend - Thats your friend? * Thats why i told you im not small, i hang around folks with money - Foreal * Yea, im not small, dont take it as a joke, please, if i didnt like you, i would tell you, so understand me - Oh im serious, ok, so anytime you can come and search for me * Any time, even in the nightime, seconds from now.. - Just come * Giggles... And taps her on the bottom.. goes to his friend and she walks off FROM THE MOVIE PAPA TEE")
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- 12th parallel north
- 1948 Accra Riots
- 1950s in Ghana
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- Gur languages
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- Italy
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- Lebanese people
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- Library of Congress
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- Life expectancy
- Ligbi language
- Limann government
- Lingua-franca
- List of Ghanaians
- Loom
- Lutheranism
- Machine gun
- Madagascar
- Madeira
- Madina, Ghana
- Mahogany
- Malaria
- Malawi
- Malaysia
- Maldives
- Mali
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- Mamprusi people
- Mancala
- Mande languages
- Manganese
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- Marcus Garvey
- Markets in Ghana
- Marshall Cavendish
- Marshall Islands
- Maternal death
- Mauritania
- Mauritius
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- Military alliance
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- Optometry in Ghana
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- Outline of Ghana
- Oware
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- Puerto Rico
- Queen mother
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- Savanna languages
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- Sefwi people
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- South Africa
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- Sovereign state
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- Sports in Ghana
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- Sub-Saharan Africa
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- Swedish people
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- Tamale, Ghana
- Tano River
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- Territorial dispute
- Teshie
- The Ashanti
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- Tijani
- Togo
- Tokelau
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- Total fertility rate
- Transport in Ghana
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- Tropical climate
- Tunisia
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- Unitary state
- United Kingdom
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- Universal Newsreel
- Universal suffrage
- University of Ghana
- UNMIL
- Upper East Region
- Upper West Region
- Uruguay
- US Navy
- Value added tax
- Vanuatu
- Volta Basin
- Volta Region
- W. E. B. Du Bois
- Wa, Ghana
- Warrior
- Western Sahara
- Women in Ghana
- World Bank
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- World War I
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- Xylophone
- Yaa Asantewaa
- Yam (vegetable)
- Yapei
- Years in Ghana
- Yemen
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- Zhou Tienong
- Zimbabwe
- ₵
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Accra
Accra ( or ) is the capital and largest city in Ghana with the population of the city proper estimated at 1,963,264 as of 2009. Accra also doubles as the capital of the Greater Accra Region and of the Accra Metropolitan District with which it is coterminous. Accra is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area and includes eight districts - Accra Metropolitan, Tema Metropolitan, Ga East Municipal, Ga West Municipal, Ga South Municipal, Ledzokuku-Krowor Municipal, Ashaiman Municipal and Adenta Municipal. It is home to about 4 million people, making it the largest metropolitan conglomeration in the country by population. As a primate city, Accra is the administrative, communications, and economic centre of the country.
http://wn.com/Accra -
Accra Sports Stadium
http://wn.com/Accra_Sports_Stadium -
Ada Foah
http://wn.com/Ada_Foah -
Akosombo
Akosombo is a town in the east of Ghana. It is the site of the Akosombo Dam. It also has the Adomi Bridge.
http://wn.com/Akosombo -
Algeria
http://wn.com/Algeria -
Angola
Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (, ; ), is a country in south-central Africa bordered by Namibia on the south, Democratic Republic of the Congo on the north, and Zambia on the east; its west coast is on the Atlantic Ocean with Luanda as its capital city. The exclave province of Cabinda has a border with the Republic of the Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
http://wn.com/Angola -
Anguilla
Anguilla ( ) is a British overseas territory in the Caribbean, one of the most northerly of the Leeward Islands in the Lesser Antilles. It consists of the main island of Anguilla itself, approximately long by wide at its widest point, together with a number of much smaller islands and cays with no permanent population. The island's capital is The Valley. The total land area of the territory is , with a population of approximately 13,500 (2006 estimate).
http://wn.com/Anguilla -
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda (; Spanish for "ancient" and "bearded") is a twin-island nation lying between the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. It consists of two major inhabited islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and a number of smaller islands (including Great Bird, Green, Guinea, Long, Maiden and York Islands). Separated by a few sea miles, the group is in the middle of the Leeward Islands part of the Lesser Antilles, roughly at 17 degrees north of the Equator. Being a former part of the British Empire has strongly influenced the country's governance, language, and culture.
http://wn.com/Antigua_and_Barbuda -
Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic (, ), is the second largest country in South America, constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires. It is the eighth-largest country in the world by land area and the largest among Spanish-speaking nations, though Mexico, Colombia and Spain are more populous.
http://wn.com/Argentina -
Ashanti Empire
http://wn.com/Ashanti_Empire -
Ashiaman
Ashiaman is a city in Ghana in the Greater Accra Region. It is the fifth largest city in Ghana in terms of population, with a population of 228509.
http://wn.com/Ashiaman -
Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Bangladesh
http://wn.com/Bangladesh -
Barbados
Barbados ()or (Bar-bay-dos) is an island nation of the Lesser Antilles, in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic Ocean and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and north-east of Venezuela. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
http://wn.com/Barbados -
Belize
Belize () (formerly British Honduras), is a democratic constitutional monarchy, and the northernmost Central American nation. Belize has a diverse society, comprising many cultures and languages. Although Kriol and Spanish are spoken among the population, Belize is the only country in Central America where English is the official language. Belize is bordered by Mexico to its north, by Guatemala to its south and west, and by the Caribbean Sea to the east.
http://wn.com/Belize -
Benin
Benin (), officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is located in the country's largest city of Cotonou. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 8.8 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.
http://wn.com/Benin -
Bermuda
Bermuda (; officially, the Bermudas or Somers Islands) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida. Its capital city is Hamilton but the largest municipality is the town of Saint George's.
http://wn.com/Bermuda -
Bodleian Law Library
The Bodleian Law Library (BLL) is an academic library in Oxford, England. It is part of Oxford University, the Bodleian Libraries and is also the library of the Faculty of Law. It is situated in the Grade II-listed St Cross Building on St Cross Road in Holywell.
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Bolgatanga
Bolgatanga, colloquially known as Bolga, is the capital of both the Bolgatanga Municipal District and the Upper East Region of Ghana, and has a population of about 72,000. Bolga is the major town between Tamale, 161 km (about 100 miles) to the south, and the border with Burkina Faso.
http://wn.com/Bolgatanga -
Botswana
The Republic of Botswana () is a sub Saharan country located in Southern Africa. The citizens are referred to as "Batswana" (singular: Motswana). Formerly the British protectorate of Bechuanaland, Botswana adopted its new name after becoming independent within the Commonwealth on 30 September 1966. It has held free and fair democratic elections since independence.
http://wn.com/Botswana -
Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
http://wn.com/Brazil -
British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
http://wn.com/British_Empire -
Brong-Ahafo Region
{| border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="240" style="margin: 1em 1em 1em 0; border: 1px #aaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;" align="right"
http://wn.com/Brong-Ahafo_Region -
Brunei
http://wn.com/Brunei -
Burkina Faso
http://wn.com/Burkina_Faso -
Burma
Burma, officially the Union of Myanmar, is the second largest country by geographical area in Southeast Asia. The country is bordered by People's Republic of China on the north-east, Laos on the east, Thailand on the south-east, Bangladesh on the west, India on the north-west and the Bay of Bengal to the south-west with the Andaman Sea defining its southern periphery. One-third of Burma's total perimeter, 1,930 kilometers (1,199 mi), forms an uninterrupted coastline.
http://wn.com/Burma -
Cairo
Cairo (; , literally "The Vanquisher" or "The Conqueror") is the capital of Egypt, the largest city in Africa and the Arab World, and one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Nicknamed "The City of a Thousand Minarets" for its preponderance of Islamic architecture, Cairo has long been a center of the region's political and cultural life. Even before Cairo was established in the 10th century, the land composing the present-day city was the site of national capitals whose remnants remain visible in parts of Old Cairo. Cairo is also associated with Ancient Egypt due to its proximity to the Great Sphinx and the pyramids in adjacent Giza.
http://wn.com/Cairo -
Cameroon
http://wn.com/Cameroon -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
http://wn.com/Canada -
Canary Islands
http://wn.com/Canary_Islands -
Cape Coast
Cape Coast, or Cabo Corso, is the capital of the Central Region of Ghana and is also the capital city of the Fante (Fanti) people, or Mfantsefo. It is situated 165 km west of Accra on the Gulf of Guinea. It has a population of 82,291 (2000 census). From the 16th century the city has changed hands between the British, the Portuguese, the Swedish, the Danish and the Dutch. The city's Fante name is Oguaa [pronounced in an Anglophone style as "Ee-gwer," with the accent on the second syllable, which rhymes with 'where'].
http://wn.com/Cape_Coast -
Cape Coast Castle
Cape Coast Castle is a fortification in Ghana built by Swedish traders. The first timber construction on the site was erected in 1653 for the Swedish Africa Company and named Carolusborg after King Charles X of Sweden. It was later rebuilt in stone.
http://wn.com/Cape_Coast_Castle -
Cape Verde
The Republic of Cape Verde (; , ; ) is an island country, spanning an archipelago of 15 islands located in the central Atlantic Ocean, 570 kilometres off the coast of Western Africa. The islands, covering a combined area of slightly over , are of volcanic origin and while three of them (Sal, Boa Vista and Maio) are fairly flat, sandy and dry, the remaining ones are generally rockier and have more vegetation. Due to the infrequent occurrence of rainfall the overall landscape is not particularly green, as the country's name suggests (verde is Portuguese for "green"). The name of the country stems instead from the nearby Cap Vert, on the Senegalese coast.
http://wn.com/Cape_Verde -
Cayman Islands
The Cayman Islands ( or ) is a British Overseas Territory located in the western Caribbean Sea. The territory comprises the islands of Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, and Little Cayman, located south of Cuba and northwest of Jamaica. It is considered a part of the geographic Western Caribbean Zone. The territory is a major offshore financial centre in the Caribbean.
http://wn.com/Cayman_Islands -
Chad
http://wn.com/Chad -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Christmas Island
The Territory of Christmas Island is a territory of Australia in the Indian Ocean. It is located northwest of the Western Australian city of Perth, south of the Indonesian capital, Jakarta, and ENE of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands.
http://wn.com/Christmas_Island -
Comoros
this is an island with to people on it
http://wn.com/Comoros -
Cook Islands
http://wn.com/Cook_Islands -
Coral Sea Islands
The Coral Sea Islands Territory includes a group of small and mostly uninhabited tropical islands and reefs in the Coral Sea, northeast of Queensland, Australia. The only inhabited island is Willis Island. The territory covers 780,000 km2, extending east and south from the outer edge of the Great Barrier Reef, and including Heralds Beacon Island, Osprey Reef, the Willis Group, and fifteen other reef/island groups.
http://wn.com/Coral_Sea_Islands -
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Côte d'Ivoire
The Republic of (; ), commonly known in English as Ivory Coast, is a country in West Africa. It has an area of 322,462 km2, and borders the countries of Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population which was 15,366,672 in 1998, was estimated to be 20,617,068 in 2009.
http://wn.com/Côte_d'Ivoire -
Djibouti
http://wn.com/Djibouti -
Dome, Ghana
http://wn.com/Dome_Ghana -
Dominica
Dominica, ( ) officially the Commonwealth of Dominica, is an island nation in the Caribbean Sea. To the north-northwest lies Guadeloupe, to the southeast Martinique. Its size is and the highest point in the country is Morne Diablotins, which has an elevation of . The Commonwealth of Dominica has an estimated population of 72,500. The capital is Roseau.
http://wn.com/Dominica -
Egypt
http://wn.com/Egypt -
Elmina
Elmina, is a town in the Central Region, situated on a south-facing bay on the Atlantic Ocean coast of Ghana, about 12 km west of Cape Coast. The first European settlement in West Africa, it now has a population of around 20,000 people.
http://wn.com/Elmina -
Elmina Castle
http://wn.com/Elmina_Castle -
Equatorial Guinea
http://wn.com/Equatorial_Guinea -
Eritrea
http://wn.com/Eritrea -
Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
European Commission
The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union. The body is responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the Union's treaties and the general day-to-day running of the Union.
http://wn.com/European_Commission -
Falkland Islands
The Falkland Islands (; ) are an archipelago in the South Atlantic Ocean, located approximately from the coast of mainland South America. The archipelago, consisting of East Falkland, West Falkland and 776 lesser islands, is a self-governing Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom. The capital, Stanley, is on East Falkland.
http://wn.com/Falkland_Islands -
Fiji
Fiji (; ), officially the Republic of the Fiji Islands (; ), is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean about 2000 km northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its more immediate neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, France's New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast and Tuvalu to the north. Fiji has had inhabitants since the second millennium B.C. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch and the British explored Fiji.Fiji was a British colony up until 1970; British occupation lasted almost a century. Because of the abundance of forest, mineral, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed economies in the Pacific island realm. Today, the main sources of foreign exchange are its tourist industry and sugar exports. The country's currency is the Fijian dollar.
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France
{{Infobox Country
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Gabon
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Gambia
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Ghana
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Gibraltar
Gibraltar () is a British overseas territory located on the southern end of the Iberian Peninsula at the entrance of the Mediterranean, overlooking the Strait of Gibraltar. The territory itself is a peninsula of whose isthmus connects to the north with Spain. The Rock of Gibraltar is the major landmark of the area and gives its name to the densely populated town, home to almost 30,000 Gibraltarians.
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Greater Accra Region
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Grenada
Grenada () is an island country and Commonwealth Realm consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines in the southeastern Caribbean Sea. Grenada is located northwest of Trinidad and Tobago, northeast of Venezuela, and southwest of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines.
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Guam
http://wn.com/Guam -
Guernsey
The Bailiwick of Guernsey ( ; , ) is a British Crown Dependency in the English Channel off the coast of Normandy.
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Guinea
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Guinea-Bissau
The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (; , ) is located in West Africa. It is bordered by Senegal to the north, and Guinea to the south and east, with the Atlantic Ocean to its west.
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Gulf of Guinea
The Gulf of Guinea is the part of the Atlantic Ocean west of Africa. The intersection of the Equator and Prime Meridian (zero degrees latitude and longitude) is in the gulf.
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Guyana
Guyana ( ), officially the Co-operative Republic of Guyana and previously known as British Guiana, is a state on the northern coast of South America that is culturally part of the Anglophone Caribbean. Guyana has been a former colony of the British, Dutch and for a brief period, the French. It is the only state of the Commonwealth of Nations on mainland South America, and is also a member of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM), which has its secretariat headquarters in Guyana's capital, Georgetown. Guyana achieved independence from the United Kingdom on 26 May 1966 and became a Republic on 23 February 1970.
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Ho, Ghana
Ho is a Town in southeast Ghana and is the capital of the Volta Region. It lies between Mount Adaklu and Mount Galenukui(Togo Atakora Range) is home to a museum, a cathedral and a large prison. The language spoken is Ewe and English being the official Language of the country].
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Isle of Man
The Isle of Man (; , ), otherwise known simply as Mann (, ), is a self-governing British Crown Dependency, located in the Irish Sea between the islands of Great Britain and Ireland, within the British Isles. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II, who holds the title of Lord of Mann. The Lord of Mann is represented by a Lieutenant Governor. The island is not part of the United Kingdom, but its foreign relations and defence are the responsibility of the UK Government. Although it does not usually interfere in the island's domestic matters, its "good government" is the ultimate responsibility of the Crown (i.e., in practice, the Government of the United Kingdom).
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Italy
http://wn.com/Italy -
Ivory Coast
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Jamaica
http://wn.com/Jamaica -
Jersey
http://wn.com/Jersey -
Kenya
The Republic of Kenya (pronounced ) is a country in East Africa. Lying along the Indian Ocean to its southeast and at the equator, Kenya is bordered by Somalia to the northeast, Ethiopia to the north, Sudan to the northwest, Uganda to the west and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria is to the southwest and is shared between Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. Kenya has numerous wildlife reserves, containing thousands of animal species. The capital city is Nairobi. Kenya's area is 580,000 km2 with a population of nearly 39 million which is diverse: more than 40 different ethnic groups are present. The country is named after Mount Kenya, a significant landmark and second among Africa's highest mountain peaks.
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Kingston, Ontario
Kingston, Ontario is a Canadian city located in Eastern Ontario where the St. Lawrence River flows out of Lake Ontario. Originally a First Nations settlement called "Katarowki," (Ga-ta-row-key), growing European exploration in the 17th Century made it an important trading post. In order to control the fur trade, French explorer LaSalle founded Fort Frontenac in 1673.
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Kiribati
Kiribati ( ; ), officially the Republic of Kiribati, is an island nation located in the central tropical Pacific Ocean. It is composed of 32 atolls and one raised coral island, dispersed over 3.5 million square kilometres, (1,351,000 square miles) straddling the equator, and bordering the International Date Line at its easternmost point.
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Koforidua
Koforidua is a city in the West African republic of Ghana, about an hour by road from Accra. It is the capital of the Eastern Region of Ghana and has a population of 87,315 (2000 census).
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Kumasi
Kumasi (historically spelled Coomassie[http://www.naval-military-press.com/coomassie-and-magdala-the-story-of-two-british-campaigns-in-africa.html]) is a city in southern central Ghana's Ashanti region. It is located near Lake Bosomtwe, in the Rain Forest Region about (by road) northwest of Accra. Kumasi is approximately north of the Equator and north of the Gulf of Guinea. It is popularly known as "The Garden City" or "heart beat" of Ghana because of its many beautiful species of flowers and plants.
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Kwahu Plateau
The Kwahu Plateau is a 260 km (160 miles) long plateau in Ghana. It forms the country's watershed, separating the two main river networks in the country.
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La Francophonie
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Lesotho
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Liberia
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books. The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
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Libya
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Madagascar
Madagascar, or Republic of Madagascar (older name Malagasy Republic, French: ), is an island nation in the Indian Ocean off the southeastern coast of Africa. The main island, also called Madagascar, is the fourth-largest island in the world.
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Malawi
The Republic of Malawi (; Chichewa ) is a landlocked country in southeast Africa that was formerly known as Nyasaland. It is bordered by Zambia to the northwest, Tanzania to the northeast, and Mozambique on the east, south and west. The country is separated from Tanzania and Mozambique by Lake Malawi. Its size is over with an estimated population of more than 13,900,000. Its capital is Lilongwe, the second largest city is Blantyre and the third large city is Mzuzu. The name Malawi comes from the Maravi, an old name of the Nyanja people that inhabit the area.
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Malaysia
Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
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Maldives
http://wn.com/Maldives -
Mali
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Malta
Malta , officially the Republic of Malta (), is a southern European country and consists of an archipelago situated centrally in the Mediterranean, 93 km south of Sicily and 288 km east of Tunisia, with the Strait of Gibraltar 1,826 km to the west and Alexandria 1,510 km to the east.
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Marshall Islands
The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) , is a Micronesian nation of atolls and islands in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, just west of the International Date Line and just north of the Equator. The population is about 62,000. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the United States.
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Mauritania
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Mauritius
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Mayotte
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Melilla
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Montserrat
Montserrat () is a British overseas territory located in the Leeward Islands, part of the chain of islands called the Lesser Antilles in the Caribbean Sea. It measures approximately 16 km (10 miles) long and 11 km (7 miles) wide, giving of coastline. Christopher Columbus gave Montserrat its name on his second voyage to the New World in 1493, after Montserrat mountain located in Catalonia. Montserrat is nicknamed the Emerald Isle of the Caribbean, both for its resemblance to coastal Ireland and for the Irish descent of its inhabitants.
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Morocco
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Mount Afadjato
Mount Afadjato is the highest mountain in Ghana, at an altitude of 880 m (2900 ft). The mountain is located in the Agumatsa Range near the villages of Liati Wote and Gbledi, in the Volta Region of Ghana at the border with Togo. The nearby Aduadu is in fact the highest point in Ghana, but because of a small relative height (height difference between the base and the peak) is not considered a mountain [http://www.akwantupa.org/Gbledi.htm].
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Mozambique
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Namibia
Namibia, officially the Republic of Namibia (, ), is a country in southern Africa whose western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Angola and Zambia to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east. It gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990 following the Namibian War of Independence. Its capital and largest city is Windhoek. Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Nauru
Nauru ( ), officially the Republic of Nauru and formerly known as Pleasant Island, is an island nation in Micronesia in the South Pacific. Its nearest neighbour is Banaba Island in Kiribati, 300 km to the east. Nauru is the world's smallest island nation, covering just .
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New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
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Niger
Niger ( or ; ), officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey.
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Niger River
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Nigeria
Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
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Niue
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Norfolk Island
Norfolk Island (Norfuk: Norfuk Ailen ) is a small island in the Pacific Ocean located between Australia, New Zealand and New Caledonia. The island is part of the Commonwealth of Australia, but it enjoys a large degree of self-governance. Together with two neighbouring islands, it forms one of Australia's external territories.
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Osu Castle
Osu Castle, also known as Fort Christiansborg or simply the Castle, is a castle located in Osu, Accra on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean's Gulf of Guinea. The first substantial fort was built by the Danish in the 1660s, though the castle has changed hands between Denmark, Portugal, the Akwamu, the British, and finally post-Independence Ghana, and was rebuilt numerous times. For most of the castle's history it has been the seat of government in Ghana with some interruptions, the latest when the John Kufuor administration moved the seat of government to Golden Jubilee House after 6 January 2009, which was quickly reversed by the incoming John Atta Mills administration.
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Pakistan
{{Infobox country
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Palau
Palau , officially the Republic of Palau (), is an island nation in the Pacific Ocean, some 500 miles (800 km) east of the Philippines and 2,000 miles (3,200 km) south of Tokyo. Having emerged from United Nations trusteeship (administered by the United States) in 1994, it is one of the world's youngest and smallest sovereign states. In English, the name is sometimes spelled Belau in accordance with the native pronunciation. It was formerly also spelled Pelew.
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Pantelleria
:Pantellaria redirects here. For the brachiopod genus, see Pantellaria (brachiopod).
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Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea ( , also or ; Tok Pisin: Papua Niugini) (PNG), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea, is a country in Oceania, occupying the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and numerous offshore islands (the western portion of the island is a part of the Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua). It is located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, in a region defined since the early 19th century as Melanesia. The capital is Port Moresby.
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Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania () is a U.S. state and Commonwealth located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg.
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Philippines
The Philippines ( ), officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (), is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south the Celebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it one of the richest areas of biodiversity in the world. An archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, the Philippines is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.
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Pitcairn Islands
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Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
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Portuguese Empire
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Puerto Rico
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (, , , ), described as the Republic of Ireland (), is a state in northwest Europe with a population of almost 4.5 million people. It is a parliamentary democratic constitutional republic occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of Ireland, which was partitioned into two jurisdictions in 1921. It is bordered to the northeast by Northern Ireland, which is a part of the United Kingdom, and is otherwise surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the Irish Sea to the east, St George's Channel to the southeast, and the Celtic Sea to the south.
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Rwanda
The Republic of Rwanda (, , or in English, or in Kinyarwanda) is a unitary republic of central and eastern Africa. It borders Uganda to the north; Tanzania to the east; Burundi to the south; and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Rwanda is landlocked but is noted for its lakes, particularly Lake Kivu, which occupies the floor of the Rift Valley along most of the country's western border. Although close to the equator, the country has a temperate climate due to its high elevation, with the highest point being Mount Karisimbi. The terrain consists of mountains and gently rolling hills, with plains and swamps in the east. Abundant wildlife, including rare mountain gorillas, have led to a fast-growing tourism sector. The largest cities in Rwanda are Kigali, Gitarama, and Butare. Unlike many African countries, Rwanda is home to only one significant ethnic and linguistic group, the Banyarwanda. The country is well known for its native styles of dance, particularly the Intore dance, and for its drummers. Kinyarwanda, English and French are the official languages.
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Réunion
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Saba
Saba () is a Caribbean island and the smallest special municipality of the Netherlands, located at . It consists largely of the potentially active volcano Mount Scenery (877 m), the highest point of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and the Netherlands proper.
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Sahara
The Sahara (, , "The Greatest Desert") is the world's largest hot desert. At over
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Saint Helena
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Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia (; ) is an island country in the eastern Caribbean Sea on the boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. Part of the Lesser Antilles, it is located north/northeast of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, northwest of Barbados and south of Martinique. It covers a land area of 620 km2 (238 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 160,000. Its capital is Castries. The island nation has been the home of two Nobel laureates, Arthur Lewis and Derek Walcott. It is the nation with the second most such honorees per capita after Faroe Islands.
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Samoa
Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa and German Samoa, is a country governing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in Polynesia, Savai'i. The capital city Apia and Faleolo International Airport are situated on the island of Upolu.
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Sekondi
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Sekondi-Takoradi
Sekondi-Takoradi, population 335,000 (2005), comprising the twin cities of Sekondi and Takoradi, is the capital of the Western Region of Ghana. It is Ghana's fourth largest city and an industrial and commercial center. The chief industries are timber, plywood, shipbuilding and railroad repair. It lies on the main railway lines to Accra and Kumasi.
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Senegal
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Seychelles
Seychelles ( ; French: ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Creole: Repiblik Sesel), is an island country spanning an archipelago of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean, some east of mainland Africa, northeast of the island of Madagascar.
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Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone () (Krio: Sa Lone), officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Guinea to the north and east, Liberia to the southeast, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west and southwest. Sierra Leone covers a total area of and has a population estimated at 6.5 million. It is a former British Colony and now a constitutional republic comprising three provinces and the Western Area; which are further divided into fourteen districts.
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Singapore
{{Infobox Country
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Sint Eustatius
Sint Eustatius ( ), also known affectionately to the locals as Statia () or Statius, is a Caribbean island and a special municipality of the Netherlands. It lies in the northern Leeward Islands portion of the West Indies, southeast of the Virgin Islands and immediately to the northwest of Saint Kitts and Nevis and to the southeast of Saba, at . The island is named after the legendary Christian martyr Saint Eustace. The regional capital is Oranjestad.
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Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands ) is a sovereign state in Oceania, east of Papua New Guinea, consisting of nearly one thousand islands. It covers a land mass of 28,400 square kilometres (10,965 sq mi). The capital, Honiara, is located on the island of Guadalcanal. The nation of the Solomon Islands is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Somalia
Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
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Somaliland
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South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
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South Sudan
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Soviet Union
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
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Sudan
Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
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Sunyani
Sunyani is a city in the West African republic of Ghana, and is the capital of the both the Sunyani District and Brong-Ahafo Region.
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Swaziland
The Kingdom of Swaziland (Umbuso weSwatini), sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique. The nation, as well as its people, are named after the 19th century king Mswati II.
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Sénégal River
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Tanzania
The United Republic of Tanzania (; phonetical: tan-zann-ei-a; or sometimes tan-zanneia; ) is a country in central East Africa bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south. The country's eastern borders lie on the Indian Ocean.
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Techiman
Techiman is the leading market town in Ghana and is, together with Sunyani, one of the two chief cities of the Brong-Ahafo Region. This city of nearly 80,000 is located at a historical crossroads of trade routes and the Tano River, and serves as capital of the Techiman Municipal District.
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Tema
Tema, population 209,000 (2005), is a city on the Atlantic Ocean coast, east of the capital city of Accra, in the region of Greater Accra, in Ghana, West Africa. Originally a small fishing village, it grew after the construction of a large harbour in 1961 and is now is the nation's largest sea port. It is also home to an oil refinery and is an important centre of manufacturing. It is linked to the capital by railway and a highway. Tema is one of Ghana's two deep seaports; Sekondi Takoradi is the other. Tema is the nearest city to the geographical position of 0 degrees latitude and 0 degrees longitude (which lies several hundred miles south in the Bight of Benin).
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Tema New Town
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Teshie
Teshie is a city in Ghana in the Greater Accra Region. Fort Augustaborg, built by the Danes in 1787, is located in Teshie and was occupied by the British from 1850 to 1957. The national Officer Cadet Training School and Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre (KAIPTC) are also located here.
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The Bahamas
The Bahamas (), officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is a country consisting of 29 islands, 661 cays, and 2,387 islets (rocks). It is located in the Atlantic Ocean north of Cuba and Hispaniola (Dominican Republic and Haiti), northwest of the Turks and Caicos Islands, and southeast of the United States (nearest to the state of Florida). Its total land area is ; slightly larger than the US states of Connecticut and Rhode Island combined), with an estimated population of 330,000. Its capital is Nassau. Geographically, the Bahamas lie in the same island chain as Cuba, Hispaniola and the Turks and Caicos Islands, the designation of the Bahamas refers normally to the commonwealth and not the geographic chain.
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The Gambia
The Republic of the Gambia, commonly known as the Gambia, or Gambia, is a country in Western Africa. The Gambia is the smallest country on mainland Africa, bordered to the north, east, and south by Senegal, with a small coast on the Atlantic Ocean in the west.
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Togo
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Tokelau
Tokelau () is a territory of New Zealand that consists of three tropical coral atolls with a combined land area of 10 km2 and a population of approximately 1,400 in the South Pacific Ocean. The atolls lie north of the Samoan Islands, east of Tuvalu, south of the Phoenix Islands, southwest of the more distant Line Islands (both islands groups belonging to Kiribati) and northwest of the Cook Islands.
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Tonga
http://wn.com/Tonga -
Trinidad and Tobago
The Republic of Trinidad and Tobago () is an archipelagic state in the southern Caribbean, lying northeast of the South American country of Venezuela and south of Grenada in the Lesser Antilles. It shares maritime boundaries with other nations including Barbados to the northeast, Guyana to the southeast, and Venezuela to the south and west.
http://wn.com/Trinidad_and_Tobago -
Tunisia
http://wn.com/Tunisia -
Tuvalu
Tuvalu ( or ), formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, midway between Hawaii and Australia. Its nearest neighbours are Kiribati, Nauru, Samoa and Fiji. It comprises four reef islands and five true atolls. Its population of 12,373 makes it the second-least populous sovereign state in the world, with only Vatican City having fewer inhabitants. In terms of physical land size, at just Tuvalu is the fourth smallest country in the world, larger only than the Vatican City at , Monaco at and Nauru at .
http://wn.com/Tuvalu -
Uganda
The Republic of Uganda ( or ) is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania.
http://wn.com/Uganda -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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University of Ghana
The University of Ghana is the oldest and largest of the seven Ghanaian public universities. It is by far the most prestigious university in West Africa. It was founded in 1948 as the University College of the Gold Coast, and was originally an affiliate college of the University of London, which supervised its academic programmes and awarded degrees. It gained full university status in 1961, and now has nearly 42,000 students.
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Upper West Region
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Uruguay
Uruguay (, ), officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (sometimes rendered as the Eastern Republic of Uruguay in the English language; , ), is a country located in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.4 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area. An estimated 88% of the population are of European descent.
http://wn.com/Uruguay -
Vanuatu
Vanuatu ( or ), officially the Republic of Vanuatu (, Bislama: Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island nation located in the South Pacific Ocean. The archipelago, which is of volcanic origin, is some east of northern Australia, northeast of New Caledonia, west of Fiji, and southeast of the Solomon Islands, near New Guinea.
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Volta Region
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Wa, Ghana
Wa is the capital of the Upper West Region of Ghana and is the main city of the Wala people. The majority of the inhabitants are Muslim. It is the seat of the Wa-Na, the Paramount Chief of the Wala traditional area. Features of the town include several mosques, the Wa-Na Palace, a museum and a nearby hippopotamus sanctuary. The town serves as a transportation hub for the northwestern part of Ghana, with major roads leading south to Kumasi, north to Hamile and Burkina Faso, and northeast to Tumu and the Upper East Region. There is also a small airport.
http://wn.com/Wa_Ghana -
Western Sahara
http://wn.com/Western_Sahara -
Yapei
Yapei or Bupei is a town in the Central Gonja District of the Northern Region of Ghana. The White Volta passes through the town; making it an important terminus point. There are few rapids on the eastern end of the river towards Akosombo. As a result navigation is possible; the Yapei Queen which is a cargo ship sails from Akosombo with petrol and other food stuffs up to the Yapei port.
http://wn.com/Yapei -
Yemen
http://wn.com/Yemen -
Zambia
The Republic of Zambia () is a landlocked country in Southern Africa. The neighbouring countries are the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the north, Tanzania to the north-east, Malawi to the east, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Botswana and Namibia to the south, and Angola to the west. The capital city is Lusaka, located in the south-central part of the country. The population is concentrated mainly around the Lusaka in the south and the Copperbelt to the northwest.
http://wn.com/Zambia -
Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe ( ; officially the Republic of Zimbabwe and formerly Southern Rhodesia, the Republic of Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia) is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three official languages: English, Shona (a Bantu language), and Ndebele (also a Bantu language).
http://wn.com/Zimbabwe
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Akua Kuenyehia
Akua Kuenyehia is a Ghanaian lawyer who has been a judge of the International Criminal Court since 2003. She is currently First Vice-President of the Court.
http://wn.com/Akua_Kuenyehia -
Alhaji Grunshi
RSM Alhaji Grunshi DCM MM was the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the First World War.
http://wn.com/Alhaji_Grunshi -
Anglo-African
Anglo-Africans are people who live primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa whose first language is English. Most are of British and Irish descent, although they can be of any ancestry including French Huguenot, Jewish, Portuguese, Spanish, German and Italian. Most now live in South Africa.
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Ashanti Empire
http://wn.com/Ashanti_Empire -
Ashanti people
http://wn.com/Ashanti_people -
Azumah Nelson
Azumah Nelson (born 19 September 1958) is a former boxer and three-time world champion. A native of Ghana.
http://wn.com/Azumah_Nelson -
Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism -
China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
http://wn.com/China -
Danish people
http://wn.com/Danish_people -
Eric Adjetey Anang
Eric Adjetey Anang (born 1985) is a Ghanaian sculptor born in Teshie, Ghana, where he still lives and works.
http://wn.com/Eric_Adjetey_Anang -
Fula people
http://wn.com/Fula_people -
Ga people
The Ga-Adangbe are an ethnic group in the West African nation of Ghana. It is part of the Dangme ethnic group. The Ga people are grouped as part of the
http://wn.com/Ga_people -
Ga-Adangbe people
http://wn.com/Ga-Adangbe_people -
Guy Warren
:For the Australian painter see Guy Warren (artist)
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Hausa people
The Hausa are a Sahelian people chiefly located in the West African regions of northern Nigeria and southeastern Niger. There are also significant numbers found in regions of Sudan, Cameroon, Ghana, Cote d'Ivoire, and Chad and smaller communities scattered throughout West Africa and on the traditional Hajj route across the Sahara Desert and Sahel. Many Hausa have moved to large coastal cities in West Africa such as Lagos, Accra, Kumasi and Cotonou, as well as to countries such as Libya. However, most Hausa remain in small villages, where they grow crops and raise livestock, including cattle. They speak the Hausa language, an Afro-Asiatic language of the Chadic group.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Hu Jintao
'''
http://wn.com/Hu_Jintao -
Ike Quartey
Ike "Bazooka" Quartey (born 27 November 1969 in Bukom, Ghana) is a former WBA Welterweight champion boxer. He has fought numerous world champion boxers including Oscar De La Hoya, Fernando Vargas, Vernon Forrest and Ronald "Winky" Wright.
http://wn.com/Ike_Quartey -
Jerry Rawlings
http://wn.com/Jerry_Rawlings -
John Dramani Mahama
John Dramani Mahama is the Vice-President of Ghana. He was elected in the 2008 election. He was formerly the Member of Parliament for Bole-Bamboi and also a member of the Pan-African Parliament from Ghana. He previously served as Minister of Communications in the Rawlings government.
http://wn.com/John_Dramani_Mahama -
John F. Kennedy
http://wn.com/John_F_Kennedy -
John II of Portugal
http://wn.com/John_II_of_Portugal -
John Kufuor
John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born 8 December 1938) was the second president of the 4th Republic of Ghana (2001–2009) and Chairperson of the African Union (2007–2008). His victory over John Atta-Mills after the end of Jerry Rawlings' second term marked the first peaceful democratic transition of power in Ghana since the country's independence in 1957.
http://wn.com/John_Kufuor -
John Stockwell
John R. Stockwell is a former CIA officer who became a critic of United States government policies after serving in the Agency for thirteen years serving seven tours of duty. After managing U.S. involvement in the Angolan Civil War as Chief of the Angola Task Force during its 1975 covert operations, he resigned and wrote In Search of Enemies, a book which remains the only detailed, insider's account of a major CIA "covert action."
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Joshua Clottey
Joshua Clottey (born March 16, 1976) is a Ghanaian professional boxer. Born in Accra, Ghana, Clottey now lives in the Bronx, New York. He is the former IBF welterweight champion. He's also the brother of veteran boxer Judas Clottey.
http://wn.com/Joshua_Clottey -
Kofi Annan
Kofi Atta Annan (born 8 April 1938) is a Ghanaian diplomat who served as the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2006. Annan and the United Nations were the co-recipients of the 2001 Nobel Peace Prize for his founding the Global AIDS and Health Fund to support developing countries in their struggle to care for their people.
http://wn.com/Kofi_Annan -
Kwame Nkrumah
Osagyefo Kwame Nkrumah (21 September 1909 - 27 April 1972) was an influential 20th century advocate of Pan-Africanism. He was the first President of Ghana, the first Prime Minister of Ghana and a founding member of the Organization of African Unity. Kwame Nkrumah was the leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast, from 1952 to 1966, and was the winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1963.
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Lebanese people
Ethnic group
http://wn.com/Lebanese_people -
List of Ghanaians
The following is a list of notable people from Ghana or of Ghanaian descent:
http://wn.com/List_of_Ghanaians -
Nana Konadu
Nana Yaw Konadu Yeboah (born February 15, 1964 in Sunyani, Ghana) is a retired boxer who won World titles in two different weight divisions.
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People's Daily
http://wn.com/People's_Daily -
Prempeh I
Otumfuo Nana Prempeh I, whose original throne name was Kwaku Dua III Asamu (1870 - May 12, 1931) was an Asantehene ruler of the Oyoko Abohyen Dynasty of the Akan state of Ashanti. He ruled from March 26, 1888 until his death in 1939[d. 1931], and fought the War of the Golden Stool against the British in 1893[The War of the Golden Stool or Yaa Asantewaa war took place in 1900-01 four years after Prempeh's exile]. He was captured and pardoned by Robert Baden-Powell[He was arrested outside of British jurisdiction in a rogue action by W.E. Maxwell and not charged with any crime, hence pardon is the wrong term.]. The British exiled him to the Seychelles in 1896, along with Yaa Asantewaa [Yaa Asantewaa was not exiled in 1896 but five years later after leading the War of the Golden Stool]and other members of the Asante government.
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Rajesh Joshi
Rajesh Joshi () (born 1946) is a Hindi writer, poet, journalist and a playwright, who was the recipient of 2002 Sahitya Akademi Award in Hindi for his anthology of poems - 'Do Panktiyon Ke Beech' (Between Two Lines) and presently resides in Bhopal and continues to work as a freelance writer . His poems have been translated into English, German, Russian, Urdu and into many other Indian languages. Recipient of Muktibodh Puraskar, Makhan Lal Chaturvedi Puraskar, Srikant Verma Smriti Samman, Shikhar Samman and others .
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Rhian Benson
Rhiannon Afua "Rhian" Benson is a Ghanaian soul and jazz singer, songwriter, and composer.
http://wn.com/Rhian_Benson -
Roméo Dallaire
http://wn.com/Roméo_Dallaire -
Sathya Sai Baba
http://wn.com/Sathya_Sai_Baba -
Sindhi people
http://wn.com/Sindhi_people -
Sino-Indian War
The Sino-Indian War (), also known as the Sino-Indian Border Conflict (), was a war between China and India that occurred in 1962. A disputed Himalayan border was the main pretext for war, but other issues played a role. There had been a series of violent border incidents after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when India had granted asylum to the Dalai Lama. India initiated a Forward Policy in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of the McMahon Line, the eastern portion of a Line of Actual Control proclaimed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1959.
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Soninke people
http://wn.com/Soninke_people -
Swedish people
http://wn.com/Swedish_people -
The Ashanti
http://wn.com/The_Ashanti -
W. E. B. Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois ( ; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor.
http://wn.com/W_E_B_Du_Bois -
World War I
World War I was a military conflict centered on Europe that began in the summer of 1914. The fighting ended in late 1918. This conflict involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilized in one of the largest wars in history. More than 9 million combatants were killed, due largely to great technological advances in firepower without corresponding ones in mobility. It was the second deadliest conflict in history.
http://wn.com/World_War_I -
Yaa Asantewaa
http://wn.com/Yaa_Asantewaa -
Zhou Tienong
http://wn.com/Zhou_Tienong
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Clinton attends state funeral of ex-Ghanaian president
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:33
- Published: 10 Aug 2012
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
Thousands of mourners including African leaders, dignitaries like US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and ordinary Ghanaians attended the state funeral on Friday of president John Atta Mills, who died last month ahead of a re-election bid. Duration: 00:32
http://wn.com/Clinton_attends_state_funeral_of_ex-Ghanaian_president
The Grooms Bride Ghanaian Movie Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:51
- Published: 14 Aug 2012
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
Follow me on Twitter @ twitter.com Visit my blog @ dprodigalchild.wordpress.com to learn more about me The Grooms Bride is a Ghanaian movie directed by Frank Arase. It features Jackie Appiah, Majid Michel, JJ Bunny, Kofi Adjorlolo and James Gardener.
http://wn.com/The_Grooms_Bride_Ghanaian_Movie_Review
♥ 33 ♥ Things Ghanaian Parents Say... (when very upset ;))
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Published: 17 Jan 2012
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
*** Click to tweet! clicktotweet.com If it made you smile, click like and share to Twitter, Facebook, Tumblr and if you can relate, don't forget to show your parents! Lol x Note: If you have young daughters, nieces, granddaughters, sisters or female cousins, this channel offers support on how to maintain a beautiful head of natural hair. Please subscribe or pass our channel on to someone you know could use the support. Let's teach our girls how to care for their hair so, when they're older, they'll know there are other options besides chemical processing :). The Nigerian version reminded me a little of the Ghanaian parents I knew growing up, so of course I had to do a Ghanaian version! :) I based this on the many amazing Ghanaian women I grew up around and of course on my beautiful mother, who is no longer with us. My fondest memories are of when she would have me do impressions of her to entertain her Ghanaian friends. She LOVED when I'd do an impression of her dancing (like at the end of this vid). She would literally be in tears, she thought it was hilarious! There's nothing like a mum, wherever she's from, so plese cherish her while you can. Love to you all and thank you so much for watching and for your wonderful comments. I may not be able to respond to them all, but I've read each and every one. God bless xx
http://wn.com/♥_33_♥_Things_Ghanaian_Parents_Say_when_very_upset_;
LITTLE GHANAIAN PLAYER [TWI]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Published: 15 May 2011
- Updated: 14 Aug 2012
TRANSLATION IN ENGLISH: * Please, they call me Frank, but please what is your name? - My name is Chantel * Chantel, oh, thats a nice name, your name fits you... Please i want you to be my friend, and vice versa - You want my friendship?(smirk) * Please, yes - Where do you live? * Please, this house right here, the nice one with the flowers, my dad in London built it for me, I'm the only one living in it - Ok i hear, when i pass again, i'll search for you * Please, im not finished, you know how the Ashanti's say friend and the white folks say girlfriend, so i want you to be my girlfriend - HEY! Are you sick in the mind, you want me to be your girlfriend? * Oh, im not small, dont be decieved, im 23 years, im not small at all - Your 23 years, foreal, are you sure? * I'm very sure, 23 years, im not small at all - So you say you like me? * Yea of course, not no small like, im talking about strong like - Ok, i hear you * Please how can i see you again? - Do you know teacher? The one with the bald head, T? * Yea yea teacher, thats my friend - Thats your friend? * Thats why i told you im not small, i hang around folks with money - Foreal * Yea, im not small, dont take it as a joke, please, if i didnt like you, i would tell you, so understand me - Oh im serious, ok, so anytime you can come and search for me * Any time, even in the nightime, seconds from now.. - Just come * Giggles... And taps her on the bottom.. goes to his friend and she walks off FROM THE MOVIE PAPA TEE
http://wn.com/LITTLE_GHANAIAN_PLAYER_TWI_
To be Ghanaian
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 01 Oct 2011
- Updated: 24 Jul 2012
twitter @Rated_Qel
http://wn.com/To_be_Ghanaian
Kenyan eats Ghanaian
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Published: 01 Jun 2012
- Updated: 07 Jun 2012
www.ktnkenya.tv In yet another horrifying incident of murder, a 21 year old Kenyan living in Maryland in the united states has admitted to murdering his roomate who reportedly went missing last friday. Alexander Kinyua a Morgan state university student is being charged with first degree murder after he admitted to investigators that he killed and ate the heart of his Ghanaian roommate.... Ktns Joy Doreen Biira has the details
http://wn.com/Kenyan_eats_Ghanaian
To Be Ghanaian (African) Part II
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:57
- Published: 13 Oct 2011
- Updated: 25 Jul 2012
Twitter @Rated_Qel
http://wn.com/To_Be_Ghanaian_African_Part_II
BUCHI Nigerian Comedian in Ghana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:51
- Published: 02 Jun 2012
- Updated: 12 Aug 2012
SO so so so so hilarious. One of the foremost comedians in Nigeria holds Ghanaian crowd to a thrilling performance Nigeria, comedy, Nigerian, Ghana, comedian, stage, Entertainment, Laugh, Hilarious, Africa
http://wn.com/BUCHI_Nigerian_Comedian_in_Ghana
Ghana Tag
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:28
- Published: 14 Jun 2012
- Updated: 26 Jul 2012
Questions: 1.What part of Ghana are your from? Tribe? 2.Were you born in Ghana? 3.What is your Ghanaian name? 4.What is your favorite Ghanaian dish? 5.Show some Ghanaian clothing that you own. 6.What do you have in your home from Ghana? 7.What is your favorite Ghanaian saying? 8.Do you speak a Ghanaian language? 9.When is the last time you visited Ghana? 10.Who is your favorite Ghanaian artist?
http://wn.com/Ghana_Tag
Ghana ladies
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:48
- Published: 07 Mar 2012
- Updated: 22 Jul 2012
Talking about how Ghana ladies of today are..
http://wn.com/Ghana_ladies
Ghana's President John Atta Mills Dead at 68
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:23
- Published: 25 Jul 2012
- Updated: 02 Aug 2012
Prof John Evans Atta Mills, President of the Republic of Ghana is dead according to reliable information reaching AfricanSpotlight. The President died on Tuesday afternoon after suffering from a long battle with cancer. His death occurred at the 37 Military hospital in Accrca. President Atta Mills Prof John Evans Fiifi Atta Mills was born on 21st July 1944 and was Sixty Eight-years-old (68-years-old). He was the third and current President of the Fourth Republic of Ghana and was inaugurated on the 7th of January 2009, having defeated the ruling party candidate Nana Akufo-Addo in the 2008 election. He was Vice-President from 1997 to 2001 under President Jerry John Rawlings, and stood unsuccessfully in the 2000 and 2004 presidential elections as the candidate of the National Democratic Congress (NDC). He recently returned from a nine day medical check-up in the United States. Prior to his trip to the US of A on June 16th, questions had been asked about the whereabouts of the president after he had not been seen in public for close to two weeks whilst communal violence ravaged parts of the country. After a successful routine medical checkup in New York, HE the President of the Republic of Ghana arrived home at about 12:45pm on Monday 25th June, 2012 to a rousing welcome. Before his departure to the USA, President Mills quashed rumours of his death when he addressed the media. He also stated that he is going for a "routine check-up" and will be "away for a few days." In a <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Ghana's_President_John_Atta_Mills_Dead_at_68
Halfcast girls Ghana TAG
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:47
- Published: 21 Jan 2012
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
Hey guys! This is us doing a video to the Ghanaian Tag. Hope you all enjoy it. :-) PS: dont take the hair comment in the video to heart, we are joking! And yes, we have facebook but we got toooo many requests Lol We are sorry that we can't reply to every comment or message but w work hard Lol Questions: 1. What part of Ghana Are you From? Which Tribe? 2. Where you born in Ghana? 3. What is your Ghanaian name? 4. What is your fav Ghanaian dish? 5. Show some Ghanaian clothing you own 6. What do you have in your home from Ghana? 7. Do you speak a Ghanaian language? Which? 8. When was the last time you visited Ghana? 9. Who is your fav Ghanaian artist?
http://wn.com/Halfcast_girls_Ghana_TAG
![Kenyan eats Ghanaian [KTN Kenya TV]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120814201855im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/kXXTqxkOLbo/0.jpg "Kenyan eats Ghanaian [KTN Kenya TV]")
Kenyan eats Ghanaian [KTN Kenya TV]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:28
- Published: 01 Jun 2012
- Updated: 22 Jul 2012
www.ktnkenya.tv In yet another horrifying incident of murder, a 21 year old Kenyan living in Maryland in the United States has admitted to murdering his roommate who reportedly went missing on Friday May 25, 2012. Alexander Kinyua a Morgan State University student is being charged with first degree murder after he admitted to investigators that he killed and ate the heart and parts his roommate's brains. KTN's Joy Doreen Biira with the report.
http://wn.com/Kenyan_eats_Ghanaian_KTN_Kenya_TV_
Jarreth Merz: Filming democracy in Ghana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:37
- Published: 28 Sep 2011
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
www.ted.com Jarreth Merz, a Swiss-Ghanaian filmmaker, came to Ghana in 2008 to film the national elections. What he saw there taught him new lessons about democracy -- and about himself.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at http
http://wn.com/Jarreth_Merz_Filming_democracy_in_Ghana
Agye Gun 1 - Ghanaian Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 40:01
- Published: 23 May 2012
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
More Movies on www.nollywoodeye.com
http://wn.com/Agye_Gun_1_Ghanaian_Movie
INDEPENDENCE DAY GHANAIAN MOVIE 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 68:30
- Published: 26 Feb 2012
- Updated: 10 Aug 2012
It is 6th March, Independence Day in Ghana, Jackie Appiah and her Boyfriend Omar Sherif Captan go out with friends for a picnic. What sets out to be fun later become a nightmare as a monster starts to chase them and try to kill them.
http://wn.com/INDEPENDENCE_DAY_GHANAIAN_MOVIE_1
Thank God We're Not Ghanaians
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 23 Aug 2011
- Updated: 12 Aug 2012
This is a song by an unknown Nigerian, in response to the FOKN BOIZ of Ghana who released a track titled: Thank God We're Not A Nigerians! The artist intends that a dialogue using music, humour, historical and philosophical tones will melt the simmering tension/ envy/ jealousy between Ghanians and Nigerians. Increase the PEACE! See Lyrics below: Thank God We're Not Ghanaians Can you imagine Ghanaians abusing Nigeria, the giant of Africa, the sunshine, the mountain, and the golf of oil of Africa? Ghana, let us teach you some English, for there's going to be some diplomatic brouhaha o, if President Atta Mills doesn't call the Foka Sibe Boys to order Which country in the world calls their friends "Charlie" and names all their men after weekdays and weekends, Kwado (Monday) Kwabena (Tuesday) Kwaku (Wednesday) Yau (Thursday) Kofi (Friday), Kwame (Saturday), Kwesi (Sunday)? Una too much o And you are so laid back, you don't even know, look at every bank around you, it is UBA, ECO-Bank and Zenith bank. Your mobile phones are routed through Lagos, MTN, Vodafone, Tigo and whatever! Charlie, Thank God we are not Ghanaians o See your president worships in Lagos, pays tithes to Synagogue, even your under-something football team relies on Pastor TB Joshua to win the world cup because there is no God in Ghana. Charlie, thank God I'm not a Ghanaian o When was the last time Ghana had a national team after Abedi Pele and Tony Yeboah started hawking spicy Rob and puff-puff. Charlie, thank <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Thank_God_We're_Not_Ghanaians
INDEPENDENCE DAY (GHANAIAN MOVIE) 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:09
- Published: 26 Feb 2012
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
It is 6th March, Independence Day in Ghana, Jackie Appiah and her Boyfriend Omar Sherif Captan go out with friends for a picnic. What sets out to be fun later become a nightmare as a monster starts to chase them and try to kill them.
http://wn.com/INDEPENDENCE_DAY_GHANAIAN_MOVIE_2
The Yaa Asantewaa War 1 - Ghanaian Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 40:01
- Published: 20 Apr 2012
- Updated: 11 Aug 2012
More Movies on www.nollywoodeye.com
http://wn.com/The_Yaa_Asantewaa_War_1_Ghanaian_Movie
O'Sika 2 - Ghanaian Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 37:29
- Published: 22 Apr 2012
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
Azonto Ghost 1 - Ghanaian Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 40:01
- Published: 11 Jul 2012
- Updated: 13 Aug 2012
Watch more movies on www.nollywoodeye.com
http://wn.com/Azonto_Ghost_1_Ghanaian_Movie
Ghana news update : Sarkodie (wins 2012 BET award) and Nadia Buari
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Published: 02 Jul 2012
- Updated: 28 Jul 2012
Want to know what has been going on in the Ghanaian entertainment world recently? Then watch :) Any questions? don't forget to ask!:)
http://wn.com/Ghana_news_update_Sarkodie_wins_2012_BET_award_and_Nadia_Buari
Akua.B's Ghana Tag ♥
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Published: 06 Mar 2012
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
Decided to do a Ghana Tag for Ghana Independence Day ! Questions Are: 1. What part of Ghana Are you From? Which Tribe? 2. Were you born in Ghana? 3. What is your Ghanaian name? 4. What is your favourite Ghanaian dish? 5. Show some Ghanaian clothing you own. 6. What do you have in your home from Ghana? - (couldnt do this, not at home.. in uni sorry) 7. What is your favourite Ghanaian saying? 8. Do you speak a Ghanaian language? Which? 9. When was the last time you visited Ghana? 10. Who is your favourite Ghanaian artist? Shirt from mefirighana.com
http://wn.com/AkuaB's_Ghana_Tag_♥
AP / Claude Paris
Creative Commons / ekpe impression
Creative Commons / Bright Brown Attinyo![Kwame Anthony Appiah is a Ghanaian-British-American[1] philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist](http://web.archive.org./web/20120814201855im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/b6/63/05cfadb00b00e4b94de6a0dc2b1e_small.jpg "Kwame Anthony Appiah is a Ghanaian-British-American[1] philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist")
Creative Commons / David Shankbone
Creative Commons
AP / Claude Paris
AP / Claude Paris
US Navy / U.S. Navy Photo
UN / OCHA/David Ohana
US Coastguard / PA2 Andrew Shinn.
US Coastguard / PA2 Andrew Shinn.
US Coastguard / PA2 Andrew Shinn.
US Coastguard / PA2 Andrew Shinn.
US Coastguard / PA2 Andrew Shinn.
US Coastguard / PA2 Andrew Shinn.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 1st Class Martine Cuaron.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 1st Class Martine Cuaron.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 1st Class Martine Cuaron.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 1st Class Martine Cuaron.
US Coastguard / Petty Officer 1st Class Martine Cuaron.
Creative Commons / Simon Wedege
US Navy / Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Marie Harmon.
US Navy / Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Marie Harmon.
US Navy / Photographer's Mate 2nd Class Marie Harmon.
US Navy / Journalist 2nd Class Lily Daniels
US Navy / Master Sgt. Steve Faulisi
US Navy / Master Sgt. Steve Faulisi
US Navy / Master Sgt. Steve Faulisi
US Navy / Master Sgt. Steve Faulisi
US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 2nd Class Jason Poplin
![Kwame Anthony Appiah is a Ghanaian-British-American[1] philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist](http://web.archive.org./web/20120814201855/http://cdn7.wn.com/pd/b6/63/05cfadb00b00e4b94de6a0dc2b1e_medium.jpg "Kwame Anthony Appiah is a Ghanaian-British-American[1] philosopher, cultural theorist, and novelist")
photo: AP / Victor R. Caivano
12 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Guest Writer Kourosh Ziabari Economic sanctions, psychological warfare, media propaganda, threats and assassinations; what other sort of evidence may one need to believe that the...
photo: Creative Commons / CTBTO Photostream
12 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling In 1950 when President Harry S. Truman declared, "We had got to do it-make the bomb-though no one wants to use it. But...we have got to have it if only...
photo: WN / Aruna Gilbert
12 Aug 2012
Related topics Evelyn Lozadachad johnsonBasketball WivesChad Ochocinco Advertisement Reality television star and author Evelyn Lozada has been released from a Florida hospital and is recovering from...
photo: AP / Maika Elan
13 Aug 2012
She is one of three million Vietnamese affected by the dioxin in Agent Orange – a poison that has caused untold cancers and an estimated 150,000 birth defects – which continue down the generations to...
photo: AP / B.K. Bangash
14 Aug 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling "What does Pakistan stand for?" became a popular rallying cry decades before its birth on this day, August 14, back in 1947. But even the most ardent and...
photo: AP / Olivier Asselin
10 Aug 2012
John Atta Mills. (Reuters) Our Coverage More Coverage Mills died last month ahead of a re-election bid and his state funeral was held on Friday....
photo: WN / Aruna Mirasdar
10 Aug 2012
Hyderabad, August 09: A novel exposition on products, services, second career and recruitment, friendly homes and activities for senior citizens is to be held in city from October 13. By 2050, India...
photo: Creative Commons / Pruneau
07 Aug 2012
When news of Ghanas President John Evans Atta Mills unexpected demise hit my ears, shock and disbelief boomeranged through my body from hair to toe. My reaction was so palpable that a Nigerian...
Joy Online
Team USA sprinter and the third fastest man in the world Justin Gatlin is itching to go back home and link up with his ''family''. But according to the ''born again'' clean...(size: 1.2Kb)
On World Humanitarian Day, Mercy Ships Pays Tribute to Ghanaian Crew Member who Battled Cancer
14 Aug 2012
Yahoo Daily News
Long-time volunteer Gina Adjei honored for her life of service with Mercy Ships. Garden Valley, TX (PRWEB) August 14, 2012 On August 19, World Humanitarian Day raises awareness about humanitarian assistance worldwide – and especially about those people who put their lives at risk while serving...(size: 4.8Kb)
Joy Online
Ghanaian smallholder farmers can now access a technology which has the potential to arrest the declining soil fertility confronting them in food production. The Soil Research Institute (SRI) of the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has introduced a cassava-cowpea strip...(size: 2.7Kb)
Peace FM Online
Political leaders and traditional rulers in the Gomoa East and Agona West, have called on Ghanaians to stop the politics of insults and acrimony especially via radio stations to ensure peaceful elections on December 7th. Making the call at separate interviews with the Ghana News Agency at Agona...(size: 2.4Kb)
All Africa
[Daily Trust]Uyo...(size: 0.2Kb)
Joy Online
An innovative Ghanaian education initiative has been selected among 24 finalists vying for the 2012 World Innovation Summit for Education (WISE) Awards. Omega Schools is a chain of low-cost private schools serving low-income communities in Ghana, which is...(size: 1.7Kb)
Joy Online
His Excellency Professor John Evans Atta Mills President of the Republic of Ghana: from 7th January 2009 to 24th July 2012 1 Corinthians 15:54-57 -54 So when this corruptible shall have put on incorruption, and this mortal shall have put on immortality, then shall be brought to pass the saying that...(size: 5.4Kb)
Project of the Day: "Kwaku Ananse - A Fable, a Funeral and a Spider Coffin" Draws Upon Ghanaian Mythology
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IMDb
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Ghanaians Laud Zoomlion
13 Aug 2012
Peace FM Online
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This article is about the modern country of Ghana. For the Ghana Empire (c. 790–1076) northwest of modern Ghana, see Ghana Empire. For other uses, see Ghana (disambiguation).
| Republic of Ghana | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: "Freedom and Justice" | ||||||
| Anthem:
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| Capital (and largest city) |
Accra 5°33′N 0°15′W / 5.55°N 0.25°W / 5.55; -0.25 |
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| Official language(s) | English | |||||
| Government-sponsored languages |
Akan, Ewe, Dagomba (Dagbani), Dangme, Dagaare, Ga, Nzema, Gonja, Kasem[citation needed] | |||||
| Demonym | Ghanaian | |||||
| Government | Unitary presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | John Atta Mills | ||||
| - | Vice-President | John Dramani Mahama[2] | ||||
| - | Speaker of Parliament | Joyce Bamford-Addo | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | Georgina Theodora Wood | ||||
| Legislature | Parliament | |||||
| Independence | from the United Kingdom | |||||
| - | Declared | 6 March 1957 | ||||
| - | Republic | 1 July 1960 | ||||
| - | Current Constitution | 28 April 1992 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 238,535 km2 (81st) 92,098 sq mi |
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| - | Water (%) | 3.5 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2010 estimate | 24,233,431[3] | ||||
| - | Density | 101.5/km2 (103rd) 258.8/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2012 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $82.571 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $3,312.706[4] | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2012 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $42.090 billion[4] | ||||
| - | Per capita | $1,688.619[4] | ||||
| HDI (2010) |  0.541[5] (medium) (135th) |
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| Currency | Ghana cedi (GH₵) (GHS) |
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| Time zone | GMT (UTC0) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| ISO 3166 code | GH | |||||
| Internet TLD | .gh | |||||
| Calling code | +233 | |||||
Ghana 
i/ˈɡɑːnə/ is a country located in West Africa. It is bordered by Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea to the south. The word Ghana means "Warrior King"[6] and is derived from the ancient Ghana Empire.
Ghana was inhabited in pre-colonial times by a number of ancient predominantly Akan kingdoms, including the inland Ashanti Empire, the Akwamu, the Akyem, the Bonoman, the Denkyira, and the Fante among others. Non-Akan states created by the Ga also existed as did states by the Dagomba. Prior to contact with Europeans trade between the Akan and various African states flourished due to Akan's gold wealth. Trade with European states began after contact with the Portuguese in the 15th century, and the British established the Gold Coast Crown colony in 1874 over parts but not all of the country.[7]
The Gold Coast achieved independence from the United Kingdom in 1957,[8] becoming the First sub-Saharan African nation to do so from European Colonialism.[9][10] The name Ghana was chosen for the new nation to reflect the ancient Empire of Ghana, which once extended throughout much of west Africa.
Ghana is a member of the South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone, the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of West African States, and an associate member of La Francophonie. Ghana is one of the largest cocoa producers in the world,[11] and is also home to Lake Volta, the largest artificial lake in the world by surface area.[12]
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Etymology[link]
The word Ghana means Warrior King and was the title accorded to the kings of the medieval West African Ghana Empire.[13]
Geographically, the Ghana Empire was approximately 500 miles (800 km) north and west of modern Ghana, and it ruled territories in the area of the Sénégal River and east towards the Niger River, in modern Senegal, Mauritania and Mali.
Ghana was adopted as the legal name for the Gold Coast combined with British Togoland upon gaining autonomy on 6 March 1957.[14]
History[link]
Further information: History of Ghana
16th – 17th Century Akan Terracotta, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
18th – 19th Century Empire of Ashanti soul washer badge or Akrafokonmu
There is archaeological evidence showing that humans have lived in present-day Ghana since the Bronze Age.[15] However, until the 11th century, the majority of modern Ghana's area was largely unoccupied.[16] Although the area of present-day Ghana has experienced many population movements, the major ethnic groups in Ghana today were firmly settled by the 16th century.[17] By the early 11th century, the Akan were firmly established in a state called Bonoman, for which the Brong-Ahafo Region region is named.[18] The Ga and Dagomba states were established by the 16th century.[17]
From the 13th century, numerous groups emerged from what is believed to have been the Bonoman area, to create several Akan States, mainly based on gold trading. These states included Denkyira, Akwamu, and Akyem. By the 19th century, most of modern Ghanaian territory was included in the Empire of Ashanti, one of the most influential states in sub-Saharan Africa prior to colonial rule. The Ashanti government operated first as a loose network, and eventually as a centralized kingdom with an advanced, highly specialized bureaucracy centred in Kumasi. It is said that at its peak, the Asantehene could field 500,000 troops, and it had some degree of military influence over all of its neighbours.[19]
Early European contact by the Portuguese, who came to Ghana in the 15th century, focused on the extensive availability of gold. The Portuguese first landed at a coastal city inhabited by the Fante nation-state, and named the place Elmina.[20] In 1481, King John II of Portugal commissioned Diogo d'Azambuja to build Elmina Castle, which was completed in 3 years.
By 1598, the Dutch had joined them, building forts at Komeda and Kormantsi.[21] In 1617, they captured the Olnini Castle from the Portuguese, and Axim in 1642 (Fort St Anthony). Other European traders had joined in by the mid-17th century, largely English, Danes and Swedes. English merchants, impressed with the gold resources in the area, named it the Gold Coast, while French merchants, impressed with the trinkets worn by the coastal people, named the area to the west "Côte d'Ivoire", or Ivory Coast.[22]
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Left: 1817, Picture of an Empire of Ashanti yam ceremony, by Thomas E. Bowdich; Right: 1817, Picture of traditional Empire of Ashanti architecture with two men playing Oware, a mancala game that is still popular in Ghana, by Thomas E. Bowdich
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More than thirty forts and castles were built by the Portuguese, Dutch, British and Spanish merchants. The Gold Coast was known for centuries as 'The White Man's Grave', because many of the Europeans who went there died of malaria and other tropical diseases.[23] After the Dutch withdrew in 1874, Britain made the Gold Coast a protectorate. Following conquest by the British in 1896 until independence in March 1957, the territory of modern Ghana, excluding the Volta Region (British Togoland), was known as the Gold Coast.[22]
Left: c. 1840 – 17 October 1921, Yaa Asantewaa the queen mother of Ejisu of the Empire of Ashanti and leader of the 1900 "Empire of Ashanti rebellion" known as the War of the Golden Stool against British colonialism; Center: c. 1870 – 12 May 1931, Prempeh I the Asantehene and ruler of the Oyoko Abohyen Dynasty and the Akan people of the Empire of Ashanti from 26 March 1888 until his death in 1931;[24] Right: The Empire of Ashanti Royal stool on a chair with its immediate caretaker on 31 January 1935
Many wars occurred between the colonial powers and the various nation-states in the area, including the 1806 Ashanti–Fante War, and the continuous struggle by the Ashanti against the British in many wars. The Ashanti defeated the British a few times, but eventually lost with the Ashanti-British War in the early 1900s.[25][26][27],[28] Even under colonial rule, the chiefs and people often resisted the policies of the British; however, moves toward decolonization intensified after World War II. In 1947, the newly formed United Gold Coast Convention (UGCC) called for "self-government within the shortest possible time."[29] After rioting increased in 1948, the members of the United Gold Coast Convention were arrested, including future prime minister and president Kwame Nkrumah. Later, Nkrumah formed his own party, the Convention People's Party (CPP) with the motto "self government now." He began a 'Positive Action' campaign and gained the support of rural and working class people. He was again imprisoned for being the leader of a party that caused boycotts, strikes and other forms of civil disobedience. After winning a majority in the Legislative Assembly in 1952, Nkrumah was released and appointed leader of government business. After further negotiations with Britain, on 6 March 1957 at 12 a.m. Nkrumah declared Ghana "free forever".
The Flag of Ghana, consisting of the colours red, gold, green, and the black star, became the new flag in 1957. Designed by, Theodosia Salome Okoh, the red represents the blood that was shed towards independence, the gold represents the mineral wealth of Ghana, the green symbolises the rich agriculture, and the black star is the symbol of African emancipation.[30] Formed from the merger of the Gold Coast and British (formerly German) Togoland by a United Nations sponsored plebiscite in 1956, Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain its independence in 1957, although Liberia became a Self-governing colony over a century before on 26 July 1847.
Kwame Nkrumah, first prime minister, and then president of the modern Ghanaian state, as an anti-colonial leader, sought a united Africa that would not drift into neo-colonialism. He was the first African head of state to promote Pan-Africanism, an idea he came into contact with during his studies at Lincoln University in Pennsylvania (United States), at the time when Marcus Garvey was becoming famous for his "Back to Africa Movement." He merged the teachings of Garvey and the African-American scholar W. E. B. Du Bois into the formation of the modern day Ghana. Ghana's principles of freedom and justice, equity and free education for all, irrespective of ethnic background, religion or creed, borrow from Nkrumah's implementation of Pan-Africanism.[22]
Although his goal of African unity was never realised, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah, as he is now known, played an instrumental part in the founding of the Organisation of African Unity, which was succeeded in 2002 by the African Union. His achievements were recognised by Ghanaians during his centenary birthday celebrations, and the day was instituted as a public holiday. Dr. Nkrumah's government was subsequently overthrown by the military while he was abroad in February 1966. Former Central Intelligence Agency employee John Stockwell alleges that the CIA had an effective hand in forcing the coup.[31]
A series of subsequent coups from 1966 to 1981 ended with the ascension to power of Flight Lieutenant Jerry John Rawlings in 1981. These changes resulted in the suspension of the constitution in 1981, and the banning of political parties. The economy suffered a severe decline soon after, and many Ghanaians migrated to other countries.[32]
Kwame Darko negotiated a structural adjustment plan with the International Monetary Fund, changing many old economic policies, and the economy began to recover. A new constitution restoring multi-party politics was promulgated in 1992; Rawlings was elected as president then, and again in 1996. The Constitution of 1992 prohibited him from running for a third term, so his party, the National Democratic Congress, chose his Vice President, John Atta Mills, to run against the opposition parties. Winning the 2000 elections, John Agyekum Kufuor of the New Patriotic Party was sworn into office as president in January 2001, and beat Mills again in 2004, thus also serving two terms as president.
In 2009, John Atta Mills took office as President of Ghana with a difference of about 40,000 votes (0.46%) [33] between his party, the National Democratic Congress and the New Patriotic Party, marking the second time that power had been transferred from one legitimately elected leader to another, and securing Ghana's status as a stable democracy.[34]
In 2011, John Atta Mills won the NDC congress when he ran against Nana Konadu Agyeman Rawlings for the National Democratic Congress flagbearership. He won by 2,771 votes, representing 96.9% of the total votes cast.
Regions and districts[link]
Main articles: Regions of Ghana and Districts of Ghana
Ghana is divided into 10 administrative regions, subdivided into a total of 170 districts. The regions are:
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Government and politics[link]
Main article: Politics of Ghana
According to the 2009 Failed States Index, Ghana is ranked the 53rd least failed state in the world and the second least failed state in Africa after Mauritius. Ghana ranked 124th out of 177 countries on the index.[35] Ghana also was placed 7th out of 48 sub-Saharan African countries in the 2008 Ibrahim Index of African Governance which was based on data from 2006. The Ibrahim Index is a comprehensive measure of African government, based on a number of different variables which reflect the success with which governments deliver essential political goods to its citizens.[36]
Political corruption in Ghana is on the rise, jumping from 50 in 2002 to 70 in 2003[37] and 63 to 69 in the 2011 Transparency International Corruption Perception Index.[38]
Government[link]
Main article: Parliament of Ghana
See also: Elections in Ghana
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The seat of government in Ghana, Osu Castle today (left image) A contemporary drawing of the Danish colonial fort, Fort Christiansborg, now Osu Castle. The outpost to the right is Fort Prøvestenen (right image).
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Ghana was created as a parliamentary democracy at independence in 1957, followed by alternating military and civilian governments. In January 1993, military government gave way to the Fourth Republic after presidential and parliamentary elections in late 1992. The 1992 constitution divides powers among a president, parliament, cabinet, council of state, and an independent judiciary. The government is elected by universal suffrage; however, the legislature is not proportionate, with low-population districts receiving more representatives per person than those with high populations.[39]
Administrative divisions[link]
Main articles: Regions of Ghana and Districts of Ghana
There are ten administrative regions which are divided into 138 districts, each with its own district assembly. Below districts are various types of councils, including 58 town or area councils, 108 zonal councils, and 626 area councils. Sixteen thousand unit committees exist on the lowest level.[39]
Judicial system[link]
Main article: Judiciary of Ghana
The legal system is based on British common law, customary (traditional) law, and the 1992 constitution. Court hierarchy consists of Supreme Court of Ghana (highest court), courts of appeal, and high courts of justice. Beneath these bodies are circuit, magisterial, and traditional courts. Extra-judicial institutions include public tribunals.[39]
Since independence, courts are relatively independent; this independence continues under the Republic. Lower courts are being redefined and reorganized under the Republic.[39]
Politics[link]
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Relations between the People's Republic of China and Ghana date back to 1960 when the countries first established diplomatic relations. Since then Ghana has provided substantial diplomatic support to the PRC. In the 1960s President Kwame Nkrumah lobbied for the PRC's reinstatement in the United Nations. Nkrumah also supported the PRC during the Sino-Indian War in 1962. In the early 1990s Ghana once again provided substantial diplomatic support to China during the Tiananmen Square protests in 1989.[40]:4–5
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Political parties became legal in mid-1992 after a ten-year hiatus. There are many political parties under the Fourth Republic; the major ones are the National Democratic Congress which won presidential and parliamentary elections in 1992, 1996 and 2008; the New Patriotic Party, the major opposition party which won elections in 2000 and 2004; the People's National Convention, and the Convention People's Party, successor to Kwame Nkrumah's original party of the same name.[39]
Foreign relations and military[link]
Main articles: Foreign relations of Ghana and Ghana Armed Forces
Since independence, Ghana has been devoted to ideals of nonalignment and Pan-Africanism, both closely identified with Nkrumah. Ghana favours international and regional political and economic co-operation, and is an active member of the United Nations and the African Union.[41]
Many Ghanaian diplomats and politicians hold positions in international organisations. These include Ghanaian diplomat and former Secretary-General of the United Nations Kofi Annan, International Criminal Court Judge Akua Kuenyehia, former President Jerry John Rawlings and former President John Agyekum Kuffour who have both been elected chairmen of the Economic Community of West African States.[39]
In September 2010, Ghana's President John Atta Mills visited China on an official visit. Ghanaian President John Atta Mills and China's President Hu Jintao, marked the 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two nations, at the Great Hall of the People on 20 September 2010.[42] China reciprocated with a visit in November 2011, by the Vice Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress of China, Zhou Tienong who visited Ghana and met with Ghana's Vice President John Dramani Mahama.[43]
1918: RSM Alhaji Grunshi (DCM MM) of the Gold Coast Regiment, the first soldier in British service to fire a shot in the First World War
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Ghanaian soldiers run to their positions while engaged in amphibious operations in southwest coast of Ghana, 15 October 2005
GNS Anzone (P 30) and the GNS Achimota (in the background) conduct division tactics off the coast of Ghana, 20 October 2005
- World War I
After establishing supremacy in the Gold Coast, the British created the Gold Coast Regiment as a component of the West African Frontier Force (WAFF), which kept peace throughout the territories of the Gold Coast, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and the Gambia.[44]
In 1928, the WAFF became the Royal West African Frontier Force (RWAFF). British officers and non-commissioned officers organized, trained, and equipped the Gold Coast Regiment. On July 31, 1914, four days before the British declaration of war on Germany, Accra mobilized its military forces. The Gold Coast Regiment included thirty-eight British officers, eleven British warrant or non-commissioned officers, 1,584 Africans, (including 124 carriers for guns and machine guns), and about 300 reservists. Additionally, the four Volunteer Corps (Gold Coast Volunteers, Gold Coast Railway Volunteers, Gold Coast Mines Volunteers, and Ashanti Mines Volunteers) fielded about 900 men. The forces participated in the campaigns in Togo, Cameroon, and East Africa.[44]
- World War II
The Gold Coast also played a significant role in the Allied war effort during World War II. On June 27, 1942, the United States Army activated the Air Transport Command in Cairo under Brigadier General Shepler W. Fitzgerald. Ten days later, Fitzgerald moved his headquarters to Accra and organized the Africa-Middle East Wing.[44]
In late 1942, the United States Army expanded its presence in Accra by activating the Twelfth Ferrying Group Headquarters, the Forty-first Ferrying Squadron, and the Forty second Ferrying Squadron. The Twelfth Ferrying Group, which was part of a transportation network reaching from the United States, via Africa, to the China-Burma-India theatre of operations, ensured the movement of men and materiel through Senegal, Ghana, and Chad. Approximately 65,000 Ghanaian soldiers (Gold Coast Regiments) fought on the side of the Allies during the Second World War.[44]
- Ghana Armed Forces
In 1957, the Ghana Army consisted of its headquarters, support services, three battalions of infantry and a reconnaissance squadron with armoured cars. Total strength was approximately 5,700 men.[45] Ghanaian Prime Minister Kwame Nkrumah wished to rapidly expand and Africanise the army in order to support his Pan-African and anti-colonial ambitions. Thus in 1961, 4th and 5th Battalions were established, and in 1964 6th Battalion was established, from a parachute unit originally raised in 1963.[46]
Today the Ghana Armed Forces are in military alliance with the People's Republic of China's People's Liberation Army.[47] Ghana has in the past contributed forces to numerous UN and ECOWAS operations, including in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lebanon, and Liberia (ECOMOG and UNMIL).
Ghana also contributed UN peacekeepers in UNAMIR during the Rwandan Genocide. In his book Shake Hands with the Devil, Canadian Forces commander Roméo Dallaire gave the Ghanaian soldiers high credit for their work and effort in the conflict.[45]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of Ghana
Ghana is a Middle Income Economy and is ranked as a Lower–Middle Income Economy by the World Bank.[48][49][50] 27% of Ghana's population are living on less than $1.25 per day,[51][48] and a rate of 25% youth unemployment.[52]
Ghana has more than twice the per capita output of the poorer countries in West Africa.[53] Known for its gold in colonial times, Ghana remains one of the world's top gold producers.[54] Other exports such as cocoa, crude oil, natural gas, timber, electricity, diamond, bauxite,[55] and manganese are major sources of foreign exchange, even though Ghana continues to experience electricity and gas shortages, and remains a developing nation after 55 years of independence from the declining British rule.[56]
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1st President of the Republic of Ghana, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah with the 35th President of the United States, John F. Kennedy in The Pentagon on 8 March 1961
1st President of the 4th Republic of Ghana, Jerry John Rawlings speaking at the Faculty of Law, University of Oxford on 18 May 2009
2nd President of the 4th Republic of Ghana, John Agyekum Kufuor with then-President of Brazil, Lula da Silva in Osu Castle on 12 April 2005
3rd President of the 4th Republic of Ghana, John Atta Mills on a meeting with the Minister of Development of Brazil, Miguel Jorge in Osu Castle on 8 June 2009
The Akosombo Dam, which was built on the Volta River in 1965 by Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah provides hydro-electricity for Ghana and its neighbouring countries.
The Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE) is the third largest Stock exchange in Africa after the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) and the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE).[57]
At the end of December 2011, Ghana's – Total External debt has escalated to an all time high of $18 billion (GH¢ 23.4 billion) up from $8 billion (GH¢ 8.8 billion) at the end of December 2008. Ghana's debt totaled US$1 billion in 1966 by an Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah led government and Ghana was among the wealthiest and most socially advanced areas in Africa, which in the 1960s Ghana had a per capita income comparable to South Korea’s,[58] then the debt significantly increased from US$1 billion to $7.5 billion during Jerry John Rawlings 20 years rule of Ghana, which ended in 2001.[59] The escalation of borrowing from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and creditors by successive governments have put a burden of debt on future generations of Ghanaians.[59] Typical among these is the borrowing of $3 billion in December 2011 by John Atta Mills from China Development Bank in exchange of oil from Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) to the China crude oil Off-Takers for an undisclosed fee to offset the loan, despite objections from an overwhelmingly majority of the Parliament of Ghana and the IMF, as the loan would cause a net drain of Ghana's oil wealth to China and put Ghana at risk of default.[60]
Ghana receives foreign aid from the United States and European nations. In January 2012, the European Commission donated €52 million (GH¢ 110 million) to reduce maternal mortality and achieve the MDG 5 targets.[61]
Ghana’s labour force in 2008 totalled 11.5 million people.[62][62] The economy continues to rely heavily on agriculture which accounts for 37.3% of GDP and provides employment for 56% of the work force,[62] mainly small landholders. Manufacturing is only a small part of the Ghanaian economy totalling 7.9% of Gross Domestic Product in 2007.[63] Ghana hires foreign companies for infrastructure projects, including basic needs such as housebuilding, such as a $1.5 billion housing contract to STX Corporation of South Korea.[64] These firms in turn sub-contract local firms.
Ineffective economic policies of past military governments and regional peacekeeping commitments have led to continued inflationary deficit financing, depreciation of the cedi, and rising public discontent with Ghana's austerity measures. In July 2007, the Bank of Ghana embarked on a currency re-denomination exercise, from the cedi (₵) to a new currency, the Ghana Cedi (GH₵). The transfer rate was 1 Ghana Cedi for every 10,000 cedis. The Bank of Ghana employed aggressive media campaigns to educate the public about the re-denomination. The new Ghana Cedi is relatively stable and in 2009 generally exchanged at a rate of US$1 = GH₵1.4 [62]
The value added tax is a consumption tax administered in Ghana. The tax regime which started in 1998 had a single rate but since September 2007 entered into a multiple rate regime. In 1998, the rate of tax was 10% and amended in 2000 to 12.5%. However with the passage of Act 734 of 2007, a 3% VAT Flat Rate Scheme (VFRS) began to operate for the retail distribution sector. This allows retailers of taxable goods under Act 546 to charge a marginal 3% on their sales and account on same to the VAT Service. It is aimed at simplifying the tax system and increasing compliance.[65]
Tourism is a rapidly growing sector particularly among Europeans, Americans, and other internationals connected to the Ghanaian Diaspora abroad. Ghana's political and economic stability, low crime rate, and wide use of English make the country an attractive entrypoint to West Africa for foreigners. UNESCO World Heritage Sites including Cape Coast Castle and Elmina Castle, national parks such as Kakum National Park and Mole National Park, as well as cultural celebrations such as Panafest are major centers of tourist activity.[66]
Oil reserves in Ghana[link]
Commercial quantities of offshore oil reserves in Ghana were discovered in the 1970s. In 1983 the government established the Ghana National Petroleum Corporation (GNPC) to promote exploration and production, and the company reached agreements with a number of foreign firms. The most important of these permitted US-based Amoco to prospect in ten offshore blocks between Ada and the western border with Togo. Petro-Canada International had prospected in the Tano River Basin, and Diamond Shamrock in the Keta Basin. In 1989 three companies, two American and one Dutch, spent US$30 million drilling wells in the Tano basin. On 21 June 1992, an offshore Tano basin well produced about 6,900 barrels (1,100 m3) of crude oil daily.[67]
In the early 1990s, GNPC reviewed all earlier crude oil and natural gas discoveries to determine whether a predominantly local operation might make exploitation more commercially viable. GNPC wanted to set up a floating system for production, storage, off-loading, processing, and gas-turbine electricity generation, hoping to produce 22 billion cubic feet (620,000,000 m3) per day, from which 135 megawatts of power could be generated and fed into the national and regional grid. GNPC also signed a contract in 1992 with Angola's state oil company, Sonangol Group, that provides for drilling and, ultimately, production at two of Sonangol's offshore oilfields. GNPC was paid with a share of the crude oil.[67]
The country's Tema Oil Refinery underwent the first phase of a major rehabilitation in 1989. The second phase began in April 1990 at an estimated cost of US$36 million. Once rehabilitation was completed, distribution of liquified petroleum gas was to be improved, and the quantity supplied was to rise from 28,000 to 34,000 barrels per day. Construction on the new Tema-Akosombo oil products pipeline, designed to improve the distribution system further, began in January 1992. The pipeline was to carry refined products from Tema to Akosombo Port, where they will be transported across Lake Volta to northern regions. Distribution continued to be uneven, however. Other measures to improve the situation included a US$28 million project to set up a national network of storage depots in all regions.[67]
The Tema Lube Oil Company commissioned its new oil blending plant, designed to produce 25,000 tons of oil per year, in 1992. The plant was to satisfy all of Ghana's requirements for motor and gear lubricants and 60 percent of the country's need for industrial lubricants, or, in all, 90 percent of Ghana's demand for lubricant products. Shareholders included Mobil, Shell, and British Petroleum (together accounting for 48 percent of equity), Ghana National Petroleum Corporation, and the Social Security and National Insurance Trust (SSNIT).[67]
An oilfield which is reported to contain up to 3 billion barrels (480,000,000 m3) of light oil was discovered in 2007.[68] Oil and Gas exploration is ongoing, and the amount of both oil and gas continues to increase.[69] There is expected to be a tremendous inflow of capital into the economy beginning from the first quarter of 2011 when the country starts producing oil in commercial quantities. The oil is expected to account for 6% of the revenue for 2011.[70]
Ghana is believed to have up to 5 billion barrels (790,000,000 m3) of oil in reserves,[71] which is the 6th largest in Africa and the 25th largest proven reserves in the world.
Seaport[link]
Main articles: Tema Harbour and Takoradi Harbour
.jpg)
Tema Port, officially opened in 1962, is the biggest of the two seaports in Ghana, and is Africa's largest manmade harbour. It has a water-enclosed area of 1.7 square kilometres (0.66 sq mi) and a total land area of 3.9 square kilometres (1.5 sq mi). Apart from handling goods for Ghana, it is also a traffic junction, where goods are transhipped, and transit cargo destined for the landlocked countries of Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger.[72]
The port of Tema handles 80% of the nation’s import and export cargo. Most of the country’s chief export, cacao, is shipped from Tema.
The port has 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) of breakwaters, 12 deepwater berths, an outsize oil tanker berth, a dockyard, warehouses, and transit sheds. The port has open and covered areas for the storage of cargo, including a 77,200-m² (7.72-hectare) paved area for the storage of containers, steel products and other conventional cargo. The port's container yard is capable of holding over 8,000 TEUs at any given time. The closed storage area, which is about 25,049 m² (2.51 hectares) in area, consists of six sheds with a total storage capacity of 50,000 tonnes of cargo. The port also includes a 100,000 dwt dry dock and slipway facility.[73] The Tema and Takoradi harbours are operated by the Ghana Ports and Harbours Authority.
Geography[link]
Main article: Geography of Ghana
Elephants at Mole National Park
Ghana is a country located on the Gulf of Guinea, only a few degrees north of the Equator, therefore giving it a warm climate. The country spans an area of 238,500 km2 (92,085 sq mi). It is surrounded by Togo to the east, Côte d'Ivoire to the west, Burkina Faso to the north and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south.
Ghana lies between latitudes 4° and 12°N, and longitudes 4°W and 2°E. The Prime Meridian passes through the country, specifically through the industrial city of Tema. Ghana is geographically closer to the "centre" of the world than any other country even though the notional centre, (0°, 0°) is located in the Atlantic Ocean approximately 614 km (382 mi) south of Accra, Ghana, in the Gulf of Guinea.[74]
The country encompasses flat plains, low hills and a few rivers. Ghana can be divided into five different geographical regions. The coastline is mostly a low, sandy shore backed by plains and scrub and intersected by several rivers and streams while the northern part of the country features high plains. Southwest and south central Ghana is made up of a forested plateau region consisting of the Ashanti uplands and the Kwahu Plateau; the hilly Akuapim-Togo ranges are found along the country's eastern border.
The Volta Basin also takes up most of central Ghana. Ghana's highest point is Mount Afadjato which is 885 m (2,904 ft) and is found in the Akwapim-Togo Ranges. The climate is tropical. The eastern coastal belt is warm and comparatively dry, the southwest corner is hot and humid, and the north is hot and dry. Lake Volta, the world's largest artificial lake, extends through large portions of eastern Ghana and many tributary rivers such as the Oti and Afram rivers flow into it.
There are two main seasons in Ghana: the wet and the dry seasons. Northern Ghana experiences its rainy season from March to November while the south, including the capital Accra, experiences the season from April to mid-November. Southern Ghana contains evergreen and semi deciduous forests consisting of trees such as mahogany, odum and ebony. It also contains much of Ghana's oil palms and mangroves. Shea trees, baobabs and acacias are usually found in the Volta region and the northern part of the country.
Demographics[link]
Main article: Demographics of Ghana
See also: Immigration to Ghana
| Ethnicity in the Republic of Ghana[75] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethnicity | Percentage | |||
| Akan[76] |
|
45.3% | ||
| Moré–Dagbani[77] |
|
15.2% | ||
| Ewe |
|
11.7% | ||
| Ga–Adangbe |
|
7.3% | ||
| Guan[78] |
|
4.0% | ||
| Gurma |
|
3.6% | ||
| Others |
|
10.2% | ||
Ghana has a population of about 24 million people.Ghana's first post-independence population census, in 1960, counted about 6.7 million inhabitants.[79] The native and largest ethnic group is Akan. 45% of the population are Akan (which includes the Fante, Akyem, Ashanti, Kwahu, Akuapem, Nzema, Bono, Akwamu, Ahanta and others). About 28 million ethnic and Akan descendants are living outside of Ghana.[80]
Ghana is currently inhabited by 52 ethnic groups.[81] Ghana has not seen the kind of ethnic conflict that has created civil wars in many other African countries.[82] The official language is English; however, most Ghanaians also speak at least one local language.
The major minority ethnic groups in Ghana are: Ewe (Population: 2,200,000),[83] Ga-Adangbe (comprising the Ga, Adangbe, Ada, Krobo, and others) (Population: 1,022,144),[84][85] Gurma (Population: 702,000),[86] Dagaaba (Population: 657,973),[87] Frafra (Population: 635,866),[88] Dagomba (Population: 618,101),[89] Guang (Population: 354,567),[90] Mossi (Population: 341,000),[91] Hausa (Population: 172,000),[92] Gurunsi (Population: 154,000),[93] Bissa (Population: 126,000),[94] Fulani (Population: 12,000), Whites (of mostly Scottish, English, Scandinavian descent, and others), Lebanese, and Sindhi-Indian. All other ethnic groups currently residing in Ghana account for approximately 3.6% of the population.
According to the US Department of State (2007), religious division is 69% Christian, 16% Muslim, and 15% traditional and other religious groups.[95] The 2000 census listed 69% Christian, 16% Muslim, 8.5% traditional, 6% no religion, and 0.7% other.[75]
Cities[link]
See also: List of cities in Ghana
This is a list of the largest cities, each region may include several cities, which are in very close proximity to each other.
|
Largest cities or towns of Ghana (2012 Department of Census and Statistics estimate)[96] |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | Region | Pop. | Rank | City name | Region | Pop. | ||
 Accra |
1 | Accra | Greater Accra | 2,291,352 | 11 | Madina | Greater Accra | 137,162 | |
| 2 | Kumasi | Ashanti | 1,989,062 | 12 | Koforidua | Eastern | 127,334 | ||
| 3 | Tamale | Northern | 537,986 | 13 | Wa | Upper West | 102,446 | ||
| 4 | Ashiaman | Greater Accra | 284,518 | 14 | Techiman | Brong-Ahafo | 99,721 | ||
| 5 | Takoradi | Western | 260,635 | 15 | Ho | Volta | 96,213 | ||
| 6 | Cape Coast | Central | 217,032 | 16 | Sunyani | Brong-Ahafo | 87,642 | ||
| 7 | Obuasi | Ashanti | 175,043 | 17 | Nungua | Greater Accra | 84,119 | ||
| 8 | Teshie | Greater Accra | 171,875 | 18 | Tema New Town | Greater Accra | 81,480 | ||
| 9 | Tema | Greater Accra | 160,939 | 19 | Dome | Greater Accra | 78,785 | ||
| 10 | Sekondi | Western | 144,570 | 20 | Lashibi | Greater Accra | 78,539 | ||
Health[link]
Main article: Health in Ghana
As of 2009, life expectancy at birth is about 63 years for males and females [48][97] with infant mortality at 51 per 1000 live births.[97] The total fertility rate is about 4 children per woman. There are about 15 physicians and 93 nurses per 100,000 persons.[98] 4.5% of the country's GDP was spent on health in 2003.[98] Attempts to improve the healthcare system in Ghana are believed to have been hampered by a high rate of corruption within the Ghana Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service and National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).[99] The European Commission donated €52 million (GH¢ 110 million) in January 2012 to reduce maternal mortality and achieve the MDG 5 targets.[61]
Languages[link]
Main article: Languages of Ghana
Ethnologue lists a total of 79 languages[100] for Ghana. English is the country's official language and predominates in government and business affairs. It is also the standard language used for educational instruction. Native Ghanaian languages are divided into six families of the Niger–Congo languages. The Kwa family, which is spoken by about 70% of the country's population, includes Akan and Ga–Dangme. They are spoken primarily in the southern half of the country and along the Volta river. The Gbe languages, once included in Kwa, are represented by Ewe, spoken in the south east of the Volta. The Gur family includes Dagbani, Dagaare, and Frafra, and are found predominantly in the north. Two Kulango languages, previously thought to be Gur, are spoken in the central west border region. Senufo, in the north, is represented by Nafaanra. There are also two Mande languages, Bissa, in the northeast corner, and Ligbi, spoken near Kulango.
Nine languages have the status of government-sponsored languages: Akan, Ewe, Dagomba (Dagbane), Dangme, Dagaare, Ga, Gonja, Kasem, and Nzema.[101] Though not an official language, Hausa is the lingua-franca among Ghana's Muslims.
Since 2007, all university and college institutions in Ghana provided Chinese language courses. This initiative reflected the People's Republic of China's growing role as a superpower and Ghana's close ties with China.[102] In addition, as an OIF associated-member, French is increasingly taught in Ghana's high schools.[103]
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in Ghana
| Religion in Ghana (2000 census)[95][75] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Religion | Percent | |||
| Christianity |
|
69.1% | ||
| Islam |
|
15.6% | ||
| Traditional |
|
8.5% | ||
| None |
|
6.1% | ||
| Other religions |
|
0.7% | ||
Christianity is the country's largest religion, and predominates in southern areas and parts of the northern regions, while Islam is more populous in parts of the northern regions.
Christian–Muslim relations in Ghana are peaceful, tolerant and bilateral, without the sectarian violence of neighboring countries with similar regional divides such as Ivory Coast.[104] A declining percentage of the population practice traditional African religions.[105]
Christianity is the largest religion in Ghana, practiced by some 69 percent of the population, according to the 2000 census.[106] Christianity was introduced by Europeans on the coast of Ghana in the fourteenth century, and spread with them. Christian denominations include Catholicism, Methodism, Anglicanism, Presbyterianism, Lutheranism, Seventh-Day Adventism, Pentecostalism, and Baptists.[107]
Islam is the faith of 16% of the population. It was introduced northern Ghana by the Soninke and Dyula in the 15th century. There are four primary branches of Islam in the country: the largest group are Sunnis of the traditional Maliki school, followed by the Ahmadiyya (Ghana has the largest percentage of Ahmadis by single country in the world), and then by the Sufi Tijani-brotherhood, who are also Sunni Malikis, and a small number of Shia in urban areas in the south. Ghana has a unique syncretistic faith, Zetahil, which combines elements of Christianity and Islam.[106]
Traditional religion is practiced by 8.5%. There are also syncretistic groups which combine elements of Christianity or Islam with traditional beliefs.[106]
Hinduism is administered by Ghana's Hindu Monastery headed by Swami Ghananand Saraswati. Hindu denominations include Hare Krishna, Sat Sang, and Sri Sathya Sai Baba Sera. There are about 2,000 African Hindus in Ghana.[108]
There are small numbers of other religions in Ghana, including Buddhism,Ninchiren Shoshu Sōka Gakkai, Shintoism, Bahá'í Faith, Jehovah's Witnesses, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Eckankar, the Divine Light Mission, the Rastafari movement, and Judaism–House of Israel (Ghana) which is practiced by among the Sekwi, a subgroup of the Akan.[106]
Culture and media[link]
Main article: Culture of Ghana
Ghana is an ethnically diverse country that is predominantly influenced by the ancient Kingdoms of the Akan. Ghanaian culture is a mixture of the cultures of its peoples, predominantly Akan, Ewe, Ga-Adangbe, and Dagomba, with the Akan being dominant. Ghana's cultural diversity is most evident in cuisine, arts, and clothing.[109]
Sports[link]
See also: Sports in Ghana
Football is the most popular sport. The national men's football team is known as the Black Stars, with the under-20 team known as the Black Satellites. Ghana has participated in many championships including the African Cup of Nations, the FIFA World Cup and the FIFA U-20 World Cup. In the 2010 FIFA World Cup, Ghana became the third African country to reach the quarter final stage of the World Cup after Cameroon in 1990 and Senegal in 2002.[110] There are several club football teams in Ghana, which play in the Ghana Premier League and Division One League, both managed by the Ghana Football Association.
The country has also produced quite a few quality boxers such as Azumah Nelson a three time world champion, Nana Yaw Konadu also a three time world champion, Ike Quartey, and Joshua Clottey.[109]
Arts[link]
File:Kent wove.jpg
AkanKente cloth
Textiles are very important in Ghanaian culture. These cloths are used to make traditional and modern attire. Different symbols and different colours mean different things. Kente is probably the most famous of all the Ghanaian cloths. Kente is an Akan ceremonial cloth hand-woven on a horizontal treadle loom. Strips measuring about 4 inches wide are sewn together into larger pieces of cloths. Cloths come in various colours, sizes and designs and are worn during very important social and religious occasions. In a cultural context, kente is more important than just a cloth. It is a visual representation of history and also a form of written language through weaving. The term kente has its roots in the Twi word kɛntɛn which means a basket. The first kente weavers used raffia fibres to weave cloths that looked like kenten (a basket); and thus were referred to as kenten ntoma; meaning basket cloth. The original Asante name of the cloth was nsaduaso or nwontoma, meaning "a cloth hand-woven on a loom"; however, "kente" is the most frequently used term today. Variations of narrow-strip cloths similar to kente are also woven by the ethnic group Ga. It is also popular among the African diaspora.
Ghana has been recognized on the international level through several artists, including the Kane Kwei Carpentry Workshop and Eric Adjetey Anang who are creating the famous design coffins.
Music[link]
Main article: Music of Ghana
The music of Ghana is diverse and varies between different ethnic groups and regions. Ghanaian music incorporates several distinct types of musical instruments such as the talking drum ensembles, goje fiddle and koloko lute, court music, including the Akan atumpan, the Ga kpanlogo styles, and log xylophones used in asonko music. The most well known genres to have come from Ghana are Afro-jazz which was created by Ghanaian artist Kofi Ghanaba.[111] and its earliest form of secular music is called highlife. Highlife originated in the late 19th century and early 20th century and spread throughout West Africa. In the 1990s a new genre of music was created by the youth incorporating the influences of Highlife Afro-reggae, dancehall and hiphop. This hybrid was called Hiplife. Ghanaian artists such as R&B and soul singer Rhian Benson and highlife singer Kojo Antwi have had international success.
Dance[link]
Further information: Kpanlogo and Azonto Dance
Ghana Cultural Dance Group performing.
Dancers performing in Ghana.
Ghanaian dance is as diverse as its music. Each ethnic group has their own traditional dances and there are different dances for different occasions.
There are dances for funerals, celebrations, storytelling, praise and worship etc. Some of these dances include adowa, kpanlogo (azonto), klama, and bamaya.
Media[link]
Main article: Media of Ghana
The media of Ghana is one of the most free in Africa. Chapter 12 of the 1992 Constitution of Ghana guarantees freedom of the press and independence of the media, while Chapter 2 prohibits censorship.[112] Post independence, the government and media often had a tense relationship, with private outlets closed during the military coups and strict media laws that prevent criticism of government.[113] The media freedoms were restored in 1992, and after the election in 2000 of John Agyekum Kufuor the tensions between the private media and government decreased. Kufuor was a supporter of press freedom and repealed a libel law, though maintained that the media had to act responsibly.[114] The Ghanaian media has been described as "one of the most unfettered" in Africa, operating with little restriction on private media. The private press often carries criticism of government policy.[115] The media were vigorous in their coverage of the 2008 Ghanaian presidential election, and the Ghanaian Journalists Association (GJA) praised John Atta Mills on his election, hoping to foster a good media-government relationship.[116]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in Ghana
Ghanaian Elementary school children, March 2007
Ghanaian High school students in a classroom, March 2008
Ghanaian College students, November 2011
The adult literacy rate in Ghana was 65% in 2007, with males at 71.7% and females at 58.3%.[117] Ghana has a 6-year primary education system beginning at age six, and, under the educational reforms implemented in 1987 and reformed in 2007, they pass on to a 3-year junior high school system. At the end of the 3rd year of junior high, there is a mandatory "Basic Education Certificate Examination". Those continuing must complete the 3-year senior high school program and take an admission exam to enter any university or tertiary programme.
Presently, Ghana has 21,530 primary schools, 8,850 junior secondary schools, 900 senior secondary schools, 52 public training colleges, 5 private training colleges, 5 polytechnical institutions, 4 non-university public tertiary institutions, 8 public universities and over 45 private tertiary institutions.[118] Most Ghanaians have relatively easy access to primary and secondary education. These numbers can be contrasted with the single university and handful of secondary and primary schools that existed at the time of independence in 1957. Ghana's spending on education has varied between 28–40% of its annual budget in the past decade. All teaching is done in English, mostly by qualified Ghanaian educators.
The courses taught at the primary or basic school level include English, Ghanaian language and culture, mathematics, environmental studies, social studies and French as a third language are added, integrated or general science, pre-vocational skills and pre-technical skills, religious and moral education, and physical activities such as music, dance and physical education. The senior high level school curriculum has core subjects and elective subjects of which students must take four the core subjects of English language, mathematics, integrated science (including science, agriculture and environmental studies) and social studies (economics, geography, history and government).[117]
The high school students also choose 3 elective subjects from 5 available programmes: agriculture programme, general programme (arts or science option), business programme, vocational programme and technical programme.[119] Apart from most primary and secondary schools which choose the Ghanaian system of schooling, there are also international schools such as the Ghana International School, Takoradi International School, Tema International School, Galaxy International School, The Roman Ridge School, Lincoln Community School, Faith Montessori School, American International School, SOS Hermann Gmeiner International College and International Community School, which offer the International Baccalaureat, Advanced Level General Certificate of Education and the International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE).
Main entrance to the University of Ghana's Balme Library in Accra
Side view of the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) College of Architecture and Planning in Kumasi
With over 95% of its children in school, Ghana currently has one of the highest school enrollment rates in all of Africa.[120][121] The ratio of girls to boys in the total education system is 1:0.96, which for a West African country is a considerable achievement.[122] That said, some 470,000 children still remain out of school because of corruption, which has led to resource constraints in building schools, providing adequate textbooks and training new teachers.[123]
There are six national public universities in Ghana, the University of Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, University of Cape Coast, University of Education, University for Development Studies and University of Mines and Technology.[124] Ghana also has a growing number of accredited private universities including Ashesi University College, Central University College, Catholic University College and Valley View University.[125]
The oldest university in Ghana, The University of Ghana, was founded in 1948. It had a total of about 29,754 students in 2008. Its programmes in the Arts, Humanities, Business, and the Social Sciences, as well as Medicine are the best in the country. The University has produced the bulk of lawyers and politicians in the country.
Unfortunately, the university's stiff opposition to the standard of a new senior secondary school system have seen a shift of its traditionally best students to the Kwame Nkrumah University.[126] Since Ghana's independence, the country has been one of the most educational in sub-Saharan Africa. Former UN Secretary General Kofi Annan has been chancellor of the University of Ghana since 2008.
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, the second university to be established in Ghana, is the university of science and technology in Ghana and West Africa.[117]
See also[link]
- Outline of Ghana
- Bibliography of Ghana
- Index of Ghana-related articles
- Commonwealth of Nations
- Transport in Ghana
- List of Ghanaians
Further reading[link]
- Arhin, Kwame, The Life and Work of Kwame Nkrumah, (Africa Research & Publications, 1995)
- Babatope, Ebenezer, The Ghana Revolution: From Nkrumah to Jerry Rawlings, (Fourth Dimension Publishing, 1982)
- Birmingham, David, Kwame Nkrumah: Father Of African Nationalism, (Ohio University Press, 1998)
- Boafo-Arthur, Kwame, Ghana: One Decade of the Liberal State, (Zed Books Ltd, 2007)
- Briggs, Philip, Ghana (Bradt Travel Guide), (Bradt Travel Guides, 2010)
- Clark, Gracia, African Market Women: Seven Life Stories from Ghana, (Indiana University Press, 2010)
- Cottrell, Anna, Once upon a Time in Ghana: Traditional Ewe Stories Retold in English, (Troubador Publishing Ltd, 2007)
- Davidson, Basil, Black Star: A View of the Life and Times of Kwame Nkrumah, (James Currey, 2007)
- Falola, Toyin and Salm, Stephen J, Culture and Customs of Ghana, (Greenwood, 2002)
- Gocking, Roger S, The History of Ghana, (Greenwood, 2005)
- Grant, Richard, Globalizing City: The Urban and Economic Transformation of Accra, Ghana, (Syracuse University Press, 2008)
- Hadjor, Kofi Buenor, Nkrumah and Ghana (Africa Research & Publications, 2003)
- Hasty, Jennifer, The Press and Political Culture in Ghana, (Indiana University Press, 2005)
- Kuada, John and Chachah Yao, Ghana. Understanding the People and their Culture, (Woeli Publishing Services, 1999)
- Miescher, Stephan F, Making Men in Ghana, (Indiana University Press, 2005)
- Milne, June, Kwame Nkrumah, A Biography, (Panaf Books, 2006)
- Nkrumah, Kwame, Ghana : The Autobiography of Kwame Nkrumah, (International Publishers, 1971)
- Utley, Ian, Ghana – Culture Smart!: the essential guide to customs & culture, (Kuperard, 2009)
- Various, Ghana: An African Portrait Revisited, (Peter E. Randall Publisher, 2007)
- Younge, Paschal Yao, Music and Dance Traditions of Ghana: History, Performance and Teaching, (Mcfarland & Co Inc., 2011)
Footnotes and references[link]
Footnotes[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Emefa.myserver.org". http://www.emefa.myserver.org/Ghana.mp3. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
- ^ Bartlett, Duncan (10 November 2010). "Korea uses G20 to nurture African links". BBC News. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-11730513. Retrieved 20 March 2011.
- ^ 2010 Provisional Census Results Out. 4 February 2011. Ghana Government. 2010. http://www.ghana.gov.gh/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4712:2010-provisional-census-results-out&catid=88:daily-news-summary&Itemid=236. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Ghana". International Monetary Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2012/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?pr.x=67&pr.y=13&sy=2009&ey=2012&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=652&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=. Retrieved 2012-April-18.
- ^ "Human Development Report 2010". United Nations. 2010. http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2010_EN_Complete_reprint.pdf. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
- ^ Jackson, John G. Introduction to African Civilizations, 2001. Page 201.
- ^ MacLean, Iain. Rational Choice and British Politics: An Analysis of Rhetoric and Manipulation from Peel to Blair, 2001. Page 76.
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External links[link]
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- The African Activist Archive Project website has photographs of the All Africa People's Conference held in Accra, Ghana, 5–13 December 1958 including Kwame Nkrumah, Prime Minister of Ghana, addressing the conference, the American Committee on Africa delegation meeting with Nkrumah, and of Patrick Duncan and Alfred Hutchinson of South Africa at the conference.
- Key Development Forecasts for Ghana from International Futures
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| War of the Golden Stool | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 United Kingdom |
 Ashanti Empire |
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| Frederick Mitchell Hodgson Major James Willcocks |
Yaa Asantewaa | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| 1,007 casualties | 2,000 casualties | ||||||
The War of the Golden Stool, also known as the Yaa Asantewaa War, the Third Ashanti Expedition, the Ashanti Uprising, or variations thereof, was the final war in a series of conflicts between the British Imperial government of the Gold Coast (later Ghana) and the Empire of Ashanti, a powerful, semi-autonomous African state that fractiously co-existed with the British and its vassal coastal tribes.
When the Ashanti began rebelling against British rule, the British attempted to put down the unrest. Furthermore, the British governor, Sir Frederick Mitchell Hodgson, demanded that the Asante turn over to the British the Golden Stool, i.e. the throne and a symbol of Asante sovereignty.
The war ended with the Ashanti maintaining its de facto independence. Even though the Ashanti were annexed into the British Empire, they ruled themselves with little reference to the colonial power. However, when the British colony of the Gold Coast became the first independent, sub-Saharan African country in 1957, Ashanti was subsumed into the newly created Ghana. This war was the last conflict in Africa in which one of the sides was commanded by a woman.
Contents |
The Golden Stool speech[link]
Thus Hodgson advanced toward Kumasi with a small force of British soldiers and local levies, arriving on the 25 March 1900. Hodgson, as representative of a powerful nation himself, was accorded traditional honours upon entering the city and after ascending a platform, he made a speech to the assembled Ashanti leaders. The speech, or the closest surviving account that comes through an African translator, reportedly read:
| “ | Your King Prempeh I is in exile and will not return to Ashanti. His power and authority will be taken over by the Representative of the Queen of Britain. The terms of the 1874 Peace Treaty of Formena, which required you to pay the costs of the 1874 war, have not been forgotten. You have to pay with interest the sum of £160,000 a year. Then there is the matter of the Golden Stool of Ashanti. The Queen is entitled to the stool; she must receive it. | ” |
| “ | Where is the Golden Stool? I am the representative of the Paramount Power. Why have you relegated me to this ordinary chair? Why did you not take the opportunity of my coming to Kumasi to bring the Golden Stool for me to sit upon? However, you may be quite sure that though the Government has not received the Golden Stool at his hands it will rule over you with the same impartiality and fairness as if you had produced it. | ” |
Not understanding the significance of the stool, Hodgson clearly had no inkling of the storm his words would produce; the suggestion that he, a foreigner, should sit on the Golden Stool, the very embodiment of The Ashanti state, and very symbol of the Ashanti peoples, living, dead, and yet to be born, was far too disrespectful for the crowd. Almost immediately, the queen mother of the Ejisu dominion within the Ashanti kingdom, Yaa Asantewaa, was collecting men to form a force with which to attack the British and retrieve their exiled king. The enraged populace produced a large number of volunteers and as Hodgson's deputy, Captain Cecil Armitage, searched for the stool in nearby brush his force was surrounded and ambushed, only a sudden rainstorm allowing the survivors to retreat to the British offices in Kumasi. The offices were then fortified into a small stockade that housed 18 Europeans, dozens of mixed race colonial administrators and 500 Nigerian Hausas with six small field guns and four Maxim guns. The Ashanti, aware that they were unprepared for storming the fort settled into a long siege, only making one assault on the position on 29 April that was unsuccessful. The Ashanti then continued to snipe at the defenders, cut the telegraph wires, blockaded food supplies, and attack relief columns.
As supplies ran low and disease took its toll on the defenders, another rescue party of 700 arrived in June. Recognising that it was necessary to escape from the trap and to preserve the remaining food for the wounded and sick, some of the healthier men were evacuated along with Hodgson, his wife and over a hundred of the Hausas. 12,000 Ashanti abrade (Warriors) were summoned to attack the escapees, who gained a lead on the long road back to the Crown Colony and avoided the main body of the Abrade. Days later the few survivors of the Abrade attack, took a ship for Accra, receiving all available medical attention.
The rescue column[link]
As Hodgson arrived at the coast, a rescue force of 1,000 men assembled from various British units and police forces stationed across West Africa and under the command of Major James Willcocks had set out from Accra. On the march Willcocks's men had been repulsed from several well-defended forts belonging to groups allied with the Ashanti, most notably the stockade at Kokofu where they had suffered heavy casualties. During the march Willcocks was faced with constant trials of skirmishing with an enemy in his own element and maintaining his supply route in the face of effective guerilla opposition. In early July, his force arrived at Beckwai and prepared for the final assault on Kumasi, which began on the morning of 14 July 1900. Using a force led by Yoroba warriors from Nigeria serving in the Frontier Force, Willcocks drove in four heavily guarded stockades, finally relieving the fort on the evening of the fifteenth, when the inhabitants were just two days from surrender.
In September, after spending the summer recuperating and tending to the sick and wounded in captured Kumasi, Willcocks sent out flying columns to the neighbouring regions that had supported the uprising. His troops defeated an Ashanti force in a skirmish at Obassa on the 30 September and also succeeded in destroying the fort and town at Kokofu where he had been previously repulsed, using Nigerian levies to hunt Ashanti fugitives into the forests once the defenders fled after a stiff engagement. Following the storming of the town, Captain Charles John Melliss was awarded the Victoria Cross for his bravery in the attack, the only such award of the campaign although a number of other officers received the Distinguished Service Order.
Yaa Asantewaa[link]
Yaa Asantewaa was the queen mother of Ejisu in what is now modern day Ghana. At that time, the Gold Coast, as it was then known, was a British protectorate. The British supported their campaigns against the Ashanti using taxes they levied upon the local population. Additionally, they also took over the state-owned gold mines thus removing considerable revenue from the Ashanti State government. As missionaries established schools and began interfering in local affairs, the Ashanti began to deeply resent the British.
In a speech, Yaa Asantewaa rallied resistance to the colonialists:
Now I have seen that some of you fear to go forward to fight for our king. If it were in the brave days, the days of Osei Tutu, Okomfo Anokye, and Opoku Ware, chiefs would not sit down to see their king taken away without firing a shot. No white man could have dared to speak to a chief of the Ashanti in the way the Governor spoke to you chiefs this morning. Is it true that the bravery of the Ashanti is no more? I cannot believe it. It cannot be! I must say this, if you, the men of Ashanti, will not go forward, then we will. We, the women, will. I shall call upon my fellow women.
We will fight the white men. We will fight till the last of us falls in the battlefields.
Return of the King Prempeh I to Ashanti[link]
"Thousands of people, white and black, flocked down to the beach to welcome him. They were sorely disappointed when the news flashed through that Nana Prempeh was not to be seen by anyone, and that he was to land at 5:30 pm and proceed straight away to Kumasi by a special train. Twenty minutes after the arrival of the train, a beautiful car brought Nana Prempeh into the midst of the assembly. It was difficult for us to realise even yet that he had arrived. A charming aristocratic-looking person in a black long suit with a fashionable black hat held up his hand to the cheers of the crowd. That noble figure was Nana Prempeh." Extract from the Gold Coast Leader newspaper, 27 Dec 1924.
Aftermath[link]
Even though Kumasi was supposedly annexed into the British empire, the Ashanti still largely governed themselves. The Ashanti goal of protecting the Golden Stool from the British was successful. However the following year, numerous chiefs, including the Queen Mother of Ejisu, Yaa Asantewaa, were arrested and exiled to the Seychelles, not being allowed to return for twenty five years — by which time many, including Yaa Asantewaa, had died. Kumasi City still retains a war memorial and several large colonial residences, although it, with the rest of the former Gold Coast, eventually became part of Ghana.
The war cost the British and their allies 1,007 fatal casualties in total. The Ashanti casualties are estimated to be around 2,000. The British never did capture the Golden Stool; it was hidden deep in the forests for the duration of the war, although efforts by the British to find it continued until 1920. Shortly after this, it was accidentally uncovered by some labourers, who took the golden ornaments that adorned the stool — rendering it powerless in the eyes of the Ashanti people. The labourers were sentenced to death by an Ashanti court, but the British intervened, and the accused were exiled instead.
See also[link]
Bibliography[link]
- http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/people/pop-up.php?ID=175
- http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/CollegePark/Classroom/9912/asantewa.html&date=2009-10-25+06:57:23
- http://www.uiowa.edu/~africart/toc/history/giblinstate.html
- http://www.africanconservancy.org/member/furniture/stools2.html
- http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/africa/features/storyofafrica/4chapter6.shtml
- Hernon, Ian Britain's Forgotten Wars (ISBN 0-7509-3162-0, 2002)
- Lewin, J Asante before the British: The Prempean Years 1875-1900
http://wn.com/War_of_the_Golden_Stool
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Война Золотого Трона
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Golden_Stool
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Yaa Asantewaa in batakarikese (ceremonial war dress) in an undated photograph.
Yaa Asantewaa (c. 1840 – 17 October 1921) (pronounced YAA A-san-TE-WAA) was appointed queen mother of Ejisu of the Ashanti Empire—now part of modern-day Ghana—by her brother Nana Akwasi Afrane Okpese, the Ejisuhene "ruler of Ejisu". In 1900 she led the Ashanti rebellion known as the War of the Golden Stool against British colonialism.
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Prelude to rebellion[link]
During her brother's reign, Yaa Asantewaa saw the Asante Confederacy go through a series of events that threatened its future, including civil war from 1883 to 1888. When her brother died in 1894, Yaa Asantewaa used her right as Queen Mother to nominate her own grandson as Ejisuhene. When the British exiled him in the Seychelles in 1896, along with the King of Asante Prempeh I and other members of the Asante government, Yaa Asantewaa became regent of the Ejisu-Juaben District. After the deportation of Prempeh I, the British governor-general of the Gold Coast, Frederick Hodgson, demanded the Golden Stool, the symbol of the Asante nation. This request led to a secret meeting of the remaining members of the Asante government at Kumasi, to discuss how to secure the return of their king. There was a disagreement among those present on how to go about this. Yaa Asantewaa, who was present at this meeting, stood and addressed the members of the council with these now-famous words:
| “ | Now I see that some of you fear to go forward to fight for our king. If it [was] in the brave days of Osei Tutu, Okomfo Anokye, and Opoku Ware, chiefs would not sit down to see their king to be taken away without firing a shot. No European could have dared speak to chiefs of Asante in the way the governor spoke to you this morning. Is it true that the bravery of Asante is no more? I cannot believe it. It cannot be! I must say this: if you, the men of Asante, will not go forward, then we will. We, the women, will. I shall call upon my fellow women. We will fight! We will fight till the last of us falls in the battlefields.[1] | ” |
With this, she took on leadership of the Asante Uprising of 1900, gaining the support of some of the other Asante nobility.
The rebellion and its aftermath[link]
Beginning in March 1900, the rebellion laid siege to the fort at Kumasi where the British had sought refuge. The fort still stands today as the Kumasi Fort and Military Museum. After several months, the Gold Coast governor eventually sent a force of 1,400 to quell the rebellion. During the course of this, Queen Yaa Asantewaa and 15 of her closest advisers were captured, and they too were sent into exile to the Seychelles.[2] The rebellion represented the final war in the Anglo-Asante series of wars that lasted throughout the 19th century. On 1 January 1902, the British were finally able to accomplish what the Asante army had denied them for almost a century, and the Asante empire was made a protectorate of the British crown. Yaa Asantewaa died in exile on 17 October 1921. Three years after her death, on 27 December 1924, Prempeh I and the other remaining members of the exiled Asante court were allowed to return to Asante. Prempeh I made sure that the remains of Yaa Asantewaa and the other exiled Asantes were returned for a proper royal burial. Yaa Asantewaa's dream for an Asante free of British rule was realized on 6 March 1957, when the Asante protectorate gained independence as part of Ghana, the first African nation to achieve this feat.
Place in history and cultural legacy[link]
Yaa Asantewaa remains a much-loved figure in Asante history and the history of Ghana as a whole for the courage she showed in confronting injustice during the colonialism of the British. To highlight the importance of encouraging more female leaders in Ghanaian society, the Yaa Asantewaa Girls' Secondary School was established at Kumasi in 1960 with funds from the Ghana Educational Trust.
In 2000, week-long centenary celebrations were held in Ghana to acknowledge Yaa Asantewaa's accomplishments. As part of these celebrations, a museum was dedicated to her at Kwaso in the Ejisu-Juaben District on 3 August 2000. Unfortunately, a fire there on 23 July 2004, destroyed several historical items, including her sandals and battle dress (batakarikese) seen in the photograph above.[3] The current Queen-mother of Ejisu is Yaa Asantewaa II. A second Yaa Asantewaa festival was held 1–5 August 2006, in Ejisu.[4]
The Yaa Asantewaa Centre in Maida Vale, west London, is African-Caribbean arts and community centre.[5]
A stage show written by Margaret Busby, Yaa Asantewaa: Warrior Queen, featuring master drummer Kofi Ghanaba and with a pan-African cast, toured the UK and Ghana in 2001-2001.[6]
Notes[link]
- ^ Addy E.A., Ghana: A History for Primary Schools.
- ^ Berry L.V., Ghana: a Country Study.
- ^ General News of Sunday, 25 July 2004
- ^ Public Agenda: (16 January 2006)
- ^ Carnival Village website.
- ^ Margaret Busby, Obituary of Geraldine Connor, Guardian, 31 October 2011.
External links[link]
- Works by or about Yaa Asantewaa in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- A Video clip of Yaa Asantewaa's effigy at the Manhyia Palace Museum in Kumasi.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Asantewaa, Yaa |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1840 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | 1921 |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Yaa_Asantewaa
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Яаа Асантева
http://de.wn.com/Yaa Asantewaa
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaa_Asantewaa
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
68:30
INDEPENDENCE DAY GHANAIAN MOVIE 1
kingrich2412
INDEPENDENCE DAY GHANAIAN MOVIE 1
It is 6th March, Independence Day in Ghana, Jackie Appiah and her Boyfriend Omar Sherif Captan go out with friends for a picnic. What sets out to be fun later become a nightmare as a monster starts to chase them and try to kill them.
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Thank God We're Not Ghanaians
Saharatv
Thank God We're Not Ghanaians
This is a song by an unknown Nigerian, in response to the FOKN BOIZ of Ghana who released a track titled: Thank God We're Not A Nigerians! The artist intends that a dialogue using music, humour, historical and philosophical tones will melt the simmering tension/ envy/ jealousy between Ghanians and Nigerians. Increase the PEACE! See Lyrics below: Thank God We're Not Ghanaians Can you imagine Ghanaians abusing Nigeria, the giant of Africa, the sunshine, the mountain, and the golf of oil of Africa? Ghana, let us teach you some English, for there's going to be some diplomatic brouhaha o, if President Atta Mills doesn't call the Foka Sibe Boys to order Which country in the world calls their friends "Charlie" and names all their men after weekdays and weekends, Kwado (Monday) Kwabena (Tuesday) Kwaku (Wednesday) Yau (Thursday) Kofi (Friday), Kwame (Saturday), Kwesi (Sunday)? Una too much o And you are so laid back, you don't even know, look at every bank around you, it is UBA, ECO-Bank and Zenith bank. Your mobile phones are routed through Lagos, MTN, Vodafone, Tigo and whatever! Charlie, Thank God we are not Ghanaians o See your president worships in Lagos, pays tithes to Synagogue, even your under-something football team relies on Pastor TB Joshua to win the world cup because there is no God in Ghana. Charlie, thank God I'm not a Ghanaian o When was the last time Ghana had a national team after Abedi Pele and Tony Yeboah started hawking spicy Rob and puff-puff. Charlie, thank <b>...</b>
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INDEPENDENCE DAY (GHANAIAN MOVIE) 2
kingrich2412
INDEPENDENCE DAY (GHANAIAN MOVIE) 2
It is 6th March, Independence Day in Ghana, Jackie Appiah and her Boyfriend Omar Sherif Captan go out with friends for a picnic. What sets out to be fun later become a nightmare as a monster starts to chase them and try to kill them.
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