Action

Tuesday, 31 July 2012

action \Ac"tion\, n. [OF. action, L. actio, fr. agere to do. See Act.] 1. A process or condition of acting or moving, as opposed to rest; the doing of something; exertion of power or force, as when one body acts on another; the effect of power exerted on one body by another; agency; activity; operation; as, the action of heat; a man of action. [1913 Webster]
One wise in council, one in action brave. --Pope. [1913 Webster]
2. An act; a thing done; a deed; an enterprise. (pl.): Habitual deeds; hence, conduct; behavior; demeanor. [1913 Webster]
The Lord is a Good of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. --1 Sam. ii. 3. [1913 Webster]
3. The event or connected series of events, either real or imaginary, forming the subject of a play, poem, or other composition; the unfolding of the drama of events. [1913 Webster]
4. Movement; as, the horse has a spirited action. [1913 Webster]
5. (Mech.) Effective motion; also, mechanism; as, the breech action of a gun. [1913 Webster]
6. (Physiol.) Any one of the active processes going on in an organism; the performance of a function; as, the action of the heart, the muscles, or the gastric juice. [1913 Webster]
7. (Orat.) Gesticulation; the external deportment of the speaker, or the suiting of his attitude, voice, gestures, and countenance, to the subject, or to the feelings. [1913 Webster]
8. (Paint. & Sculp.) The attitude or position of the several parts of the body as expressive of the sentiment or passion depicted. [1913 Webster]
9. (Law) (a) A suit or process, by which a demand is made of a right in a court of justice; in a broad sense, a judicial proceeding for the enforcement or protection of a right, the redress or prevention of a wrong, or the punishment of a public offense. (b) A right of action; as, the law gives an action for every claim. [1913 Webster]
10. (Com.) A share in the capital stock of a joint-stock company, or in the public funds; hence, in the plural, equivalent to stocks. [A Gallicism] [Obs.] [1913 Webster]
The Euripus of funds and actions. --Burke. [1913 Webster]
11. An engagement between troops in war, whether on land or water; a battle; a fight; as, a general action, a partial action. [1913 Webster]
12. (Music) The mechanical contrivance by means of which the impulse of the player's finger is transmitted to the strings of a pianoforte or to the valve of an organ pipe. --Grove. [1913 Webster]
Chose in action. (Law) See Chose.
Quantity of action (Physics), the product of the mass of a body by the space it runs through, and its velocity. [1913 Webster]
Syn: action, Act.
Usage: In many cases action and act are synonymous; but some distinction is observable. action involves the mode or process of acting, and is usually viewed as occupying some time in doing. Act has more reference to the effect, or the operation as complete.
To poke the fire is an act, to reconcile friends who have quarreled is a praiseworthy action. --C. J. Smith. [1913 Webster]
action n 1: something done (usually as opposed to something said); "there were stories of murders and other unnatural actions" 2: the state of being active; "his sphere of activity"; "he is out of action" [syn: action, activity, activeness] [ant: inaction, inactiveness, inactivity] 3: a military engagement; "he saw action in Korea" [syn: military action, action] 4: a process existing in or produced by nature (rather than by the intent of human beings); "the action of natural forces"; "volcanic activity" [syn: natural process, natural action, action, activity] 5: the series of events that form a plot; "his novels always have a lot of action" 6: the trait of being active and energetic and forceful; "a man of action" 7: the operating part that transmits power to a mechanism; "the piano had a very stiff action" [syn: action, action mechanism] 8: a judicial proceeding brought by one party against another; one party prosecutes another for a wrong done or for protection of a right or for prevention of a wrong [syn: legal action, action, action at law] 9: an act by a government body or supranational organization; "recent federal action undermined the segregationist position"; "the United Nations must have the power to propose and organize action without being hobbled by irrelevant issues"; "the Union action of emancipating Southern slaves" 10: the most important or interesting work or activity in a specific area or field; "the action is no longer in technology stocks but in municipal bonds"; "gawkers always try to get as close to the action as possible" v 1: institute legal proceedings against; file a suit against; "He was warned that the district attorney would process him"; "She actioned the company for discrimination" [syn: action, sue, litigate, process] 2: put in effect; "carry out a task"; "execute the decision of the people"; "He actioned the operation" [syn: carry through, accomplish, execute, carry out, action, fulfill, fulfil]
action, PROHIBITORY, civil law. An action instituted to avoid a sale on account of some Vice or defect in the thing sold which readers it either absolutely useless, or its use so inconvenient and, imperfect, that it must be, supposed the buyer would not have purchased it, had he known of the vice. Civ. Code of Louis. art. 2496.
action, French com. law. Stock in a company, shares in a corporation.
action, in practice. Actio nihil aliud est, quam jus persequendi in judicio quod sibi debetur. Just. Inst. Lib. 4, tit. 6; Vinnius, Com. Actions are divided into criminal and civil. Bac. Abr. Actions, A. 2.-1. A criminal action is a prosecution in a court of justice in the name of the government, against one or more individuals accused of a crime. See 1 Chitly's Cr. Law. 3.-2. A civil action is a legal demand of one's right, or it is the form given by law for the recovery of that which is due. Co. Litt. 285; 3 Bl. Com. 116; 9 Bouv. Inst. n. 2639; Domat. Supp. des Lois Civiles, liv. 4, tit. 1, No. 1; Poth. Introd. generale aux Coutumes, 109; 1 Sell. Pr. Introd. s. 4, p. 73. Ersk. Princ. of Scot. Law, B. 41 t. 1. Sec. 1. Till judgment the writ is properly called an action, but not after, and therefore, a release of all actions is regularly no bar of all execution. Co. Litt. 289 a; Roll. Ab. 291. They are real, personal and mixed. An action is real or personal, according as realty or personalty is recovered; not according to the nature of the defence. Willes' Rep. 134. 4.-1. Real actions are those brought for the specific recovery of lands, tenements, or hereditaments. Steph. Pl. 3. They are either procedural, when the demandant seeks to recover the property; or possessory when he endeavors to obtain the possession. Finch's Law, 257, 8. See Bac. Abr. Actions, A, contra. Real Actions are, 1st. Writs of right; 2dly, Writs of entry, which lie in the per, the per et cui, or the post, upon disseisin, intrusion, or alienation. 3dly. Writs ancestral possessory, as Mort d' ancester, aid, vbesaiel[?], cosinage, or Nuper obiit. Com. Dig. Actions, D 2. By these actions formerly all disputes concerning real estate, were decided; but now they are pretty generally laid aside in practice, upon account of the great nicety required in their management, and the inconvenient length of their process; a much more expeditious, method of trying titles being since introduced by other actions, personal and mixed. 3 Bl. Com. 118. See Booth on Real Actions. 5.-2. Personal actions are those brought for the specific recovery of goods and chattels; or for damages or other redress for breach of contract, or other injuries, of whatever description; the specific recovery of lands, tenements, and hereditaments only excepted. Steph. Pl. 3; Com. Dig. Actions, D 3; 3 Bouv. Inst. n. 2641. Personal actions arise either upon contracts, or for wrongs independently of contracts. The former are account, assumpsit, covenant, debt, and detinue; see these words. In Connecticut and Vermont there is, an action used which is peculiar to those states, called the action of book debt. 2 Swift's Syst. Ch. 15. The actions for wrongs, injuries, or torts, are trespass on the case, replevin, trespass, trover. See these words, and see Actio personalis moritur cum persona. 6.-3. Mixed actions are such as appertain, in some degree, to both the former classes, and, therefore, are properly reducible to neither of them, being brought for the specific recovery of lands, tenements, or hereditaments, and for damages for injury sustained in respect of such property. Steph. Pl. 3; Co. Litt. 284, b; Com. Dig. Actions, D 4. Every mixed action, properly so called, is also a real action. The action of ejectment is a personal action, and formerly, a count for an assault and battery might be joined with a count for the recovery of a term of Years in land. 7. Actions are also divided into those which are local and such as are transitory. 1. A local action is one in which the venue must still be laid in the county, in which the cause of action actually arose. The locality of actions is founded in some cases, on common law principles, in others on the statute law. 8. Of those which continue local, by the common law, are, 1st, all actions in which the subject or thing to be recovered is in its nature local. Of this class are real actions, actions of waste, when brought on the statute of Gloucester, (6 Edw. I.) to recover with the damages, the locus in quo or place wasted; and actions of ejectment. Bac. Abr. Actions Local, &c. A, a; Com. Dig. Actions, N 1; 7 Co. 2 b; 2 Bl. Rep. 1070. All these are local, because they are brought to recover the seisin or possession of lands or tenements, which are local subjects. 9.-2dly. Various actions which do not seek the direct recovery of lands or tenements, are also local, by the common law; because they arise out of some local subject, or the violation of some local right or interest.
For example, the action of quare impedit is local, inasmuch as the benefice, in the right of presentation to which the plaintiff complains of being obstructed, is so. 7 Co. 3 a; 1 Chit. Pl. 271; Com. Dig. Actions, N 4. Within this class of cases are also many actions in which only pecuniary damages are recoverable. Such are the common law action of waste, and trespass quare clausum fregit; as likewise trespass on the case for injuries affecting things real, as for nuisances to houses or lands; disturbance of rights of way or of common; obstruction or diversion of ancient water courses, &c. 1 Chit. Pl. 271; Gould on Pl. ch. 3, Sec. 105, 106, 107. The action of replevin, also, though it lies for damages only, and does not arise out of the violation of any local right, is nevertheless local. 1 Saund. 347, n. 1. The reason of its locality appears to be the necessity of giving a local description of the taking complained of. Gould on Pl. ch. 3, Sec. 111. A scire facias upon a record, (which is an action, 2 Term Rep. 46,) although to some intents, a continuation of the original suit, 1 Term Rep. 388, is also local. 10.-2. Personal actions which seek nothing more than the recovery of money or personal chattels of any kind, are in most cases transitory, whether they sound in tort or in contract; Com. Dig. Actions, N 12; 1 Chit. Pl. 273; because actions of this class are, in most instances, founded on the violation of rights which, in contemplation of law, have no locality. 1 Saund. 241, b, note 6. And it will be found true, as a general position, that actions ex delicto, in which a mere personalty is recoverable, are, by the common law, transitory; except when founded upon, or arising out of some local subject. Gould on Pl. ch. 3, Sec. 112. The venue in a transitory action may be laid in any county which the plaintiff may prefer. Bac. Abr. Actions Local, &c. A. (a.) 11. In the civil law actions are divided into real, personal, and mixed.
A real action, according to the civil law, is that which he who is the owner of a thing, or, has a right in it, has against him who is in possession of it, to compel him to give up the plaintiff, or to permit him to enjoy the right he has in it. It is a right which a person has in a thing, follows the thing, and may be instituted against him who possesses it; and this whether the thing be movable or immovable and, in the sense of the common law, whether the thing be real or personal. See Domat, Supp. des Lois Civiles, Liv. 4, tit. 1, n. 5; Pothier, Introd. Generales aux Coutumes 110; Ersk. Pr. Scot. Law, B. 4, t. 1, Sec. 2. 12. A personal action is that which a creditor has against his debtor, to compel him to fulfill his engagement. Pothier, lb. Personal actions are divided into civil actions and criminal actions. The former are those which are instituted to compel the payment or to do some other thing purely civil the latter are those by which the plaintiff asks the reparation of a tort or injury which he or those who belong to him have sustained. Sometimes these two kinds of actions are united when they assume the name of mixed personal actions. Domat, Supp. des Lois Civiles, Liv. 4, tit. 1, n. 4; 1 Brown's Civ. Law, 440. 13. Mixed actions participate both of personal and real actions. Such are the actions of partition, and to compel the parties to put down landmarks or boundaries. Domat, ubi supra.
action. Conduct, behaviour, something done. Nomen actionis latissime patere vulgo notum est ac comprehenders omnem omnino viventis operationem quae passioni opponitur. Vinnius, Com. lib. 4, tit. 6. De actionibus. 2. Human actions have been divided into necessary actions, or those over which man has no control; and into free actions, or such as he can control at his pleasure. As man is responsible only when he exerts his will, it is clear lie can be punished only for the latter. 3. Actions are also divided into positives and negative the former is called an act of commission the latter is the omission of something which ought to be done, and is called an act of omission. A man may be responsible as well for acts of omission, as for acts of commission. 4. Actions are voluntary and involuntary. The former are performed freely and without constraint - the latter are performed not by choice, against one's will or in a manner independent of the will. In general a man is not responsible for his involuntary actions. Yet it has been ruled that if a lunatic hurt a man, he shall be answerable in trespass, although, if he kill a man, it is not felony. See Hob. Rep. 134; Popham, 162; Pam. N. P. 68. See also Duress; Will.

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Club performance	League	Cup	Continental	Total
Season	Club	League	Apps	Goals	Apps	Goals	Apps	Goals	Apps	Goals
Germany	League	DFB-Pokal	Europe	Total
1987–88	Karlsruher SC	Bundesliga	2	0	0	0	–	2	0
1988–89	2	0	0	0	–	2	0
1989–90	0	0	0	0	–	0	0
1990–91	22	0	0	0	–	22	0
1991–92	37	0	2	0	–	39	0
1992–93	34	0	5	0	–	39	0
1993–94	31	0	3	0	10	0	44	0
1994–95	Bayern Munich	Bundesliga	23	0	2¹	0	5	0	30	0
1995–96	32	0	2	0	12	0	46	0
1996–97	32	0	4	0	2	0	38	0
1997–98	34	0	8	0	8	0	50	0
1998–99	30	0	8	0	13	0	51	0
1999–00	27	0	5	0	13	0	45	0
2000–01	32	0	4	0	16	0	52	0
2001–02	32	0	5	0	14	0	51	0
2002–03	33	0	6	0	6	0	45	0
2003–04	33	0	5	0	8	0	46	0
2004–05	32	0	7	0	10	0	49	0
2005–06	31	0	6	0	7	0	44	0
2006–07	32	0	2	0	9	0	44	0
2007–08	26	0	7	0	9	0	42	0
Total	Germany	557	0	81	0	142	0	780	0
Career total	557	0	81	0	142	0	780	0

Germany national team
Year	Apps	Goals
1995	2	0
1996	3	0
1997	3	0
1998	7	0
1999	6	0
2000	10	0
2001	10	0
2002	15	0
2003	9	0
2004	11	0
2005	7	0
2006	3	0
Total	86	0

Persondata
Name	Kahn, Oliver Rolf
Alternative names
Short description	German footballer
Date of birth	15 June 1969
Place of birth	Karlsruhe, West Germany
Date of death
Place of death

Simon Sinek
Sinek, TEDx Maastricht 2011
Born	(1973-10-09) October 9, 1973 (age 38) Wimbledon, England
Occupation	Author, motivational speaker
Notable work(s)	Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action

Persondata
Name	Sinek, Simon
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	October 9, 1973
Place of birth	Wimbledon, England
Date of death
Place of death

Tim Armstrong

Background information
Birth name	Timothy Lockwood Armstrong
Also known as	Lint, Tim Timebomb
Born	(1965-11-25) November 25, 1965 (age 46) Berkeley, California, United States
Origin	Albany, California, U.S.
Genres	Punk rock, ska punk, street punk, hardcore punk
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, producer
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, bass, drums, keyboards, synthesizer, harmonica
Years active	1980–present
Labels	Lookout!, Hellcat, Epitaph
Associated acts	Rancid, Devils Brigade, Transplants, Operation Ivy, Dance Hall Crashers, Downfall, Basic Radio, Shaken 69, Box Car Racer, The Silencers, The LJs, Generator, Danny Diablo
Website	www.ratsinthehallway.com^{[dead link]}
Notable instruments
Hagström Viking Gretsch Country Club Gibson SG

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Persondata
Name	Armstrong, Tim
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	November 25, 1965
Place of birth	Berkeley, California, United States
Date of death
Place of death

Branches of Mathematics

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Contents

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Contents

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1. Personal Information Collection and Use

2. E-mail addresses

3. Third Party Advertisers

4. Business Transfers