Orange (colour)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the colour. For the fruit, see Orange (fruit). For the word, see Orange (word).
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The colour orange occurs between red and yellow in the visible spectrum at a wavelength of about 585–620 nm, and has a hue of 30° in HSV colour space. It is numerically halfway between red and yellow in a gamma-compressed RGB colour space, the expression of which is the RGB colour wheel. The complementary colour of orange is azure. Orange pigments are largely in the ochre or cadmium families, and absorb mostly blue light.
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[edit] Etymology
Main article: Orange (word)
The colour orange is named after the appearance of the ripe orange fruit.[2] Before this word was introduced to the English-speaking world, the colour was referred to as ġeolurēad (yellow-red).
The first recorded use of orange as a colour name in English was in 1512,[3][4] in a will now filed with the Public Records Office.
[edit] Computer web colour oranges
[edit] Orange (web colour)
| Orange (web colour) | |
|---|---|
 Colour coordinates |
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| Hex triplet | #FFA500 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (255, 165, 0) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (0, 40, 100, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (39°, 100%, 100[5]%) |
| Source | Source:CSS/X11/SVG[6] |
| B:Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H:Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
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Web colour orange, defined as FFA500, is the only named colour defined in CSS that is not also defined in HTML 4.01.
[edit] Dark orange (web colour)
| Dark orange (web colour) | |
|---|---|
| Colour coordinates |
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| Hex triplet | #FF8C00 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (255, 140, 0) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (0, 62, 100, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (34°, 100%, 100[7]%) |
| Source | Source:X11/SVG[6] |
| B:Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H:Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
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The web colour called dark orange is displayed at right.
[edit] Other variations of orange
Main article: Variations of orange
[edit] Orange peel
| Orange Peel | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
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| Hex triplet | #FF9F00 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (255, 159, 0) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (0, 35, 100, 0) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (37°, 100%, 100[8]%) |
| Source | Source:Maerz and Paul |
| B:Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H:Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
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Displayed to the left is the actual colour of the outer skin of a typical orange. This colour is called orange peel. It is the same colour as the fruit for which it was named.
A discussion of the difference between the colour orange (the colour halfway between red and yellow, i.e. colour wheel orange, RGB #FF7F00, shown at the top of this article) and the colour orange peel (the actual colour of the outer skin of an orange), may be found in Maerz and Paul.[9]
The first recorded use of orange peel as a colour name in English was in 1839.[10]
[edit] Burnt orange
| Burnt orange | |
|---|---|
| Colour coordinates |
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| Hex triplet | #CC5500 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (204, 85, 0) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (0, 65, 100, 9) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (25°, 100%, 80[11]%) |
| Source | Source:University of Texas at Austin[12] |
| B:Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H:Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
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Burnt orange has been in use as a colour name for this deep medium shade of orange since 1915.[13]
This colour is one variation that is used as a school colour of the University of Texas at Austin, Clemson University, Virginia Tech, and Auburn University.
This variation of orange is one of the primary colours for the American Football team the Cleveland Browns. Burnt orange was popular in interior design during the 1970s, and is often associated with this period. Red headed people usually have hair that is more accurately a burnt orange colour than a bright orange.[citation needed]
[edit] Brown
Main article: Brown
| Brown | |
|---|---|
| Color coordinates |
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| Hex triplet | #964B00 |
| sRGBB (r, g, b) | (150, 75, 0) |
| CMYKH (c, m, y, k) | (0, 50, 100, 41) |
| HSV (h, s, v) | (30°, 100%, 59[14]%) |
| Source | Source:[1] |
| B:Normalized to [0–255] (byte) H:Normalized to [0–100] (hundred) |
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Brown is actually derived from the orange part (orange + grey) of the colour spectrum. It can be described as an especially dark orange.
The first recorded use of brown as a colour name in English was in about 1000 AD in the Metres of Boethius.[15][16]
[edit] Orange in culture
[edit] Academia
[edit] Cultural meanings
- In English heraldry, orange is considered synonymous with the tincture tenne. However, its use as a heraldic tincture is relatively rare, as it is considered a "stain" (a deprecated tincture) by some. In continental heraldry, tenne is more often deemed to denote a burnt orange colour.
- The colours orange and black represent the secular holiday Halloween (31 October) because orange is the colour of pumpkins and black is the colour of night and is associated with doom, despair and darkness.
- The colours orange and brown represent the United States holiday Thanksgiving.
- Orange is the contrasting colour of blue and is highly visible against a clear sky. Therefore, shades of orange such as safety orange are often used in high visibility clothing and other safety equipment and objects.
- Due to its brightness, orange is used in the construction industry on road signs and safety jackets to warn passers-by of the pending dangers ahead.
- Orange is used to promote awareness and prevention of self-injury.
- Prisoners are often dressed in orange clothing to make them easier to see if they try to escape.
[edit] Geography and history
- Historically and culturally, saffron, red and white have always been the most prominent colours of Hinduism and have been regularly worn, particularly in religious ceremonies, in India for more than 2000 years.
- Orange is the national colour of the Netherlands. The royal family, the House of Orange-Nassau, derives its name in part from its former holding, the principality of Orange. (The title Prince of Orange is still used for the Dutch heir apparent.)
- The Republic of the Orange Free State (Dutch: Oranje-Vrijstaat) was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, and later a British colony and a province of the Union of South Africa. It is the historical precursor to the present-day Free State province. Extending between the Orange and Vaal rivers, its borders were determined by the United Kingdom in 1848 when the region was proclaimed as the Orange River Sovereignty, with a seat of a British Resident in Bloemfontein.
- Oranjemund (German for: "Mouth of Orange") is a town situated in the extreme southwest of Namibia, on the northern bank of the Orange River mouth.
[edit] Politics
- The saffron stripe in the flag of India signifies courage, sacrifice and the spirit of renunciation.
- Orange is the national colour of the Netherlands (See above at: Geography and history). Orange was seen on its original flag until the middle of the 17th century.
- Orange, white, and green are the national colours of India, the Republic of Ireland, Niger and Côte d'Ivoire.
- The Orange Institution is a pro-British Protestant association based in Northern Ireland.
- In the United States Army, orange is the colour of the United States Army Signal Corps.
- The US Department of Homeland Security's code orange on its terror threat scale represents a high risk, second highest to severe.
- Prisoners incarcerated in many American jails and prisons are made to wear orange jumpsuits so they will be easy to see if they try to escape.
- Deluxe International orange is the colour of the paint on San Francisco's Golden Gate Bridge.
- The US Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices specifies orange for use in temporary and construction signage.
- Orange was the rallying colour of the 2004 – 2005 Orange Revolution in Ukraine.
- Orange is sometimes associated with various Christian democratic and populist parties.
- Orange was the colour used by the historical Liberal Party of the United Kingdom
- Orange was used as a rallying colour by Israelis (such as Jewish settlers) who opposed Israel's unilateral disengagement plan in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank in 2005.
- Orange is the party colour of:
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[edit] Religion
- Orange, or more specifically deep saffron, is the most sacred colour of Hinduism.
- Orange is used to symbolically represent the second (Swadhisthana) chakra.[18]
- Hindu and Sikh flags atop mandirs and gurdwaras, respectively, are typically a saffron coloured pennant.[19]
- Saffron robes are often worn by Hindu swamis and Buddhist monks in the Theravada tradition.
- Orange represents the sin of gluttony.
- In Thailand, orange is associated with Thursday on the Thai solar calendar. Anyone may wear orange on Thursday and anyone born on a Thursday may adopt orange as their colour.
- The "New Age Prophetess", Alice Bailey, in her system called the Seven Rays which classifies humans into seven different metaphysical psychological types, the "fifth ray" of "Concrete Science" is represented by the colour orange. People who have this metaphysical psychological type are said to be "on the Orange Ray".[20]
[edit] Use in educational establishments
Orange can also be associated with colleges. Among notable colleges with orange as a colour include:
- Art Center College of Design
- Auburn University
- Boise State University
- Bowling Green State University
- Caltech
- Clemson University
- Cork Institute of Technology
- Florida A&M University
- University of Florida
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- University of Miami
- Oklahoma State University
- Oregon State University
- Princeton University
- Rochester Institute of Technology
- Sam Houston State University
- Susquehanna University
- Syracuse University, whose sports teams are nicknamed Orange
- University of Tennessee
- University of Texas at Austin
- University of Texas at Dallas
- University of Texas at El Paso
- University of Virginia
- Virginia Tech
- Wartburg College
[edit] Sports
- In the sport of baseball some foul poles are orange, but only one in Major League Baseball, belonging to the New York Mets at their home ballpark Citi Field (and previously, Shea Stadium).
Orange is a team colour for a number of professional sports teams.
National Basketball Association
Bulgarian A Professional Football Group
[edit] Transportation planning
- Orange is the colour of a subway line in Boston. It goes from Oak Grove in Malden, Massachusetts to Forest Hills in Jamaica Plain, Boston, Massachusetts. The line is named after Orange Street in Boston where the elevated tracks used to run over during the 1940s, 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s.
- The Orange Line of the Washington Metro rapid transit system in the Washington DC area has been in service since 1978. It runs east-west, with the western terminus in Fairfax County, Virginia, and the eastern terminus in Prince George's County, Maryland.
[edit] See also
[edit] Notes
- ^ hex code #ff7f00 information
- ^ Paterson, Ian (2003), A Dictionary of Colour: A Lexicon of the Language of Colour (1st paperback ed.), London: Thorogood (published 2004), p. 280, ISBN 1-85418-375-3, OCLC 60411025
- ^ "orange colour | orange color, n. (and adj.)". Oxford English Dictionary. OED. http://www.oed.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/Entry/132168. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ^ Maerz, Aloys John; Morris Rea Paul (1930), A Dictionary of Color, New York: McGraw-Hill, p. 200
- ^ hex code #FFA500 information
- ^ a b "W3C TR CSS3 Color Module, HTML4 color keywords". W3.org. http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-color/. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ hex code #FF8C00 information
- ^ hex code #FF9F00 information
- ^ Maerz and Paul, Page 170
- ^ Maerz and Paul, Page 43 Plate 10 Color Sample L10.
- ^ hex code #CC5500 information
- ^ "Visual Guidelines - Graphics - Colors". University of Texas at Austin. 2007-06-06. http://www.utexas.edu/visualguidelines/vg_colors.html. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
- ^ Maerz and Paul, Page 191; Color sample of Burnt Orange: Page 29 Plate 3 Color Sample E12
- ^ hex code #964b00 information
- ^ "brown, adj.". Oxford English Dictionary. OUP. http://www.oed.com.libezproxy.open.ac.uk/Entry/23849. Retrieved 20 April 2011.
- ^ Maerz and Paul, Page 191
- ^ Sullivan, Eugene (1997). "An Academic Costume Code and An Academic Ceremony Guide". American Council on Education. http://www.acenet.edu/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Search&template=/CM/HTMLDisplay.cfm&ContentID=10625. Retrieved 2010-06-26.
- ^ Stevens, Samantha (2004). The Seven Rays: a Universal Guide to the Archangels. Insomniac Press. p. 24. ISBN 1-894663-49-7.
- ^ "Hinduism". Fotw.net. http://www.fotw.net/flags/hindu.html#saffron. Retrieved 2009-04-15.
- ^ Bailey, Alice A. (1995). The Seven Rays of Life. New York: Lucis Publishing Company. ISBN 0-85330-142-5.
[edit] External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Orange |
- Orange Spectrum Color Chart Listing
- All Things Orange - slideshow by Life magazine
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