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- yale n 1: a university in Connecticut [syn: yale University, yale] 2: English philanthropist who made contributions to a college in Connecticut that was renamed in his honor (1649-1721) [syn: yale, Elihu yale]
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Achilles Rink
The Frank L. Messa Rink at Achilles Center is a 2,225-seat multi-purpose arena in Schenectady, New York. It is home to the Union College Dutchmen ice hockey and Dutchwomen ice hockey teams, members of the ECAC Hockey League. In 2004, it was renovated and renamed Frank L. Messa Rink at Achilles Center. It is named for Frank L. Messa, class of 1973, who is a member of the board of trustees and co-chair of one of the school's main fundraising programs. The building was originally named for the Rev. H. Laurence Achilles, Sr., who was the original benefactor of the arena.
http://wn.com/Achilles_Rink -
Appleton Arena
Appleton Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Canton, New York. It is home to the St. Lawrence University Skating Saints ice hockey team. It was named for Judge Charles W. Appleton, class of 1897, the main benefactor of the arena as well as the riding center, which is named for his wife Elsa.
http://wn.com/Appleton_Arena -
Battell Chapel
Battell Chapel at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut was built in 1874-76 as a Civil War memorial, with funds donated by Joseph Battell (April 17, 1806 - July 8, 1874) and others of his family. The chapel was designed by Russell Sturgis, Jr. in High Victorian Gothic style of rough brown sandstone. It was the third of Yale's chapels and is the largest on-campus house of worship. The Apse Memorial Windows were designed by the architect Russell Sturgis and installed by Slack, Booth & Co. of Orange, New Jersey in 1876. At the top of the center window appears the name of an early benefactor of Yale University, Elihu Yale.
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Beinecke Library
http://wn.com/Beinecke_Library -
Boston University
Boston University (BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church, but describes itself as nonsectarian. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers.
http://wn.com/Boston_University -
Brandeis University
Brandeis University () is an American private research university with a liberal arts focus. It is located in the southwestern corner of Waltham, Massachusetts, nine miles (14 km) west of Boston. The University has an enrollment of approximately 3,200 undergraduate and 2,100 graduate students. In 2010, it was ranked by the U.S. News and World Report as the number 34 national university in the United States. Forbes listed Brandeis University as number 57 among all national universities and liberal arts colleges combined in 2010.
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Branford College
Branford College is the second oldest of the 12 residential colleges at Yale University.
http://wn.com/Branford_College -
Briarwood College
Lincoln College of New England, known until early 2010 as Briarwood College, is a private, for-profit associates' college. A co-educational residential school with an enrollment of 637, Lincoln College is located in Southington, Connecticut.
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Bright Hockey Center
The Alexander C. Bright Hockey Center is a 2,850-seat ice-hockey arena in Boston, Massachusetts, United States. It is home to the Harvard University Crimson men's and women's ice hockey teams. It is named for Alec Bright '19, a former hockey player.
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Brown University
http://wn.com/Brown_University -
Calhoun College
Calhoun College is a residential college of Yale University.
http://wn.com/Calhoun_College -
CBS Building
The CBS Building in New York City, also known as Black Rock, is the 38-story headquarters of the CBS Corporation. The building, opened in 1965, was designed by Eero Saarinen. It is located at 51 West 52nd Street, at the corner of Sixth Avenue (Avenue of the Americas). The 38 story building is tall and measures approximately 872,000 rentable square feet.
http://wn.com/CBS_Building -
Cheel Arena
Cheel Arena is a 3,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Potsdam, New York. Cheel Arena was opened in on October 26th, 1991, and is named after Helen Snell Cheel, a long-time benefactor of Clarkson University, who provided a major gift towards the project.
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Clinton, Connecticut
Clinton is a town located on Long Island Sound in Middlesex County, Connecticut, United States. The population was 13,094 at the 2000 census. The town center along the shore line was listed as a census-designated place (CDP) by the U.S. Census Bureau in the 2000 census.
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Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York (Columbia University) is a private research university in New York City and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. It was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, and is one of only three United States universities to have been founded under such authority.
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Connecticut
Connecticut () (state code CT) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and New York to the west and south (because various islands of New York span Connecticut's entire coast).
http://wn.com/Connecticut -
Connecticut College
Connecticut College (Conn College or Conn) is a private liberal arts college located in New London, Connecticut.
http://wn.com/Connecticut_College -
Connecticut Wildcats
The Connecticut Wildcats is an American amateur rugby league football team based in Norwalk, Connecticut. The team competes in the American National Rugby League (AMNRL).
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Cornell University
Cornell University (, {{respell|kor-) is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York. It is a private land-grant university which receives funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions.
http://wn.com/Cornell_University -
Davenport College
http://wn.com/Davenport_College -
Downtown New Haven
Downtown New Haven is the neighborhood located in the heart of the city of New Haven, Connecticut. It is made up of the original nine squares laid out in 1638 to form New Haven, including the New Haven Green, and the immediate surrounding central business district, as well as a significant portion of the Yale University campus. The area includes many restaurants, cafes, theaters and stores. Downtown is bordered by Wooster Square to the east, Long Wharf to the southeast, the Hill neighborhood to the south, the Dwight neighborhood to the west, the Dixwell neighborhood to the northwest, the Prospect Hill area to the north, and East Rock to the northeast.
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Durham University
The University of Durham, commonly known as Durham University, is a university in Durham, England. It was founded by Act of Parliament in 1832 and granted a Royal Charter in 1837. It was one of the first universities to open in England for more than 600 years and has a claim towards being the third oldest university in England, although there are other institutions that also claim this distinction.
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Ezra Stiles College
Ezra Stiles College is a residential college at Yale University, built in 1961 by Eero Saarinen. Architecturally, it is known for its lack of right angles. It is adjacent to Morse College.
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Fourah Bay College
Fourah Bay College (founded in 1827 as the first western-style university in West Africa) is the oldest university college in West Africa. It is located atop Mount Aureol in Freetown, Sierra Leone. It existed as a constituent college of the University of Sierra Leone (from 1966 to 2005) and was formerly affiliated with Durham University (from 1876-1967).
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Harkness Tower
Harkness Tower is a prominent Collegiate Gothic structure at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States.
http://wn.com/Harkness_Tower -
Hartford Seminary
Hartford Seminary is a theological college in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.
http://wn.com/Hartford_Seminary -
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation (officially The President and Fellows of Harvard College) chartered in the country.
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Houston Field House
Houston Field House is the name of the multi-purpose arena/venue on the campus of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) in Troy, New York. It is the second oldest arena in the ECAC Hockey League behind Princeton University's Hobey Baker Memorial Rink. Until the opening of the Times Union Center in Albany in 1990, it was the largest arena in the Capital Region.
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Ingalls Rink
David S. Ingalls Rink is a hockey rink in New Haven, CT designed by architect Eero Saarinen and built between 1953 and 1958 for Yale University. It is commonly referred to as The Whale, due to its appearance. The rink stands at the intersection of Prospect and Sachem Streets. The building was constructed for $1.5 million, which was double its original cost estimate. It seats 3,486 people and has a maximum ceiling height of 23 meters. The building is named for David S. Ingalls, Yale class of 1920, and David S. Ingalls, Jr., Yale class of 1956, both of whom were hockey captains. Members of the Ingalls family were the primary benefactors of the arena. The building was included on the America's Favorite Architecture list, created in 2007 by the American Institute of Architects.
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Library of Congress
The Library of Congress is the research library of the United States Congress, de facto national library of the United States, and the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States. Located in three buildings in Washington, D.C., it is the largest library in the world by shelf space and number of books. The head of the Library is the Librarian of Congress, currently James H. Billington.
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Machu Picchu
http://wn.com/Machu_Picchu -
McGill University
http://wn.com/McGill_University -
Mitchell College
For the North Carolina college formerly known as Mitchell College, see Mitchell Community College.
http://wn.com/Mitchell_College -
Morse College
http://wn.com/Morse_College -
New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan. Founded in 1831, NYU is the largest private, nonprofit institution of higher education in the United States.
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Paier College of Art
The Paier College of Art is a private 4-year art school in Hamden, Connecticut, on the outskirts of the greater New Haven area. Formerly the Paier School of Art, the institution's current name and form date from 1982 when it received a charter and accreditation for offering a 4-year Bachelor of Fine Arts degree. It was originally founded by Edward T. and Adele K. Paier as the Paier School of Applied Arts in 1946.
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Peking University
http://wn.com/Peking_University -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia () is the largest city in Pennsylvania, sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the fifty-first most populous city in the world.
http://wn.com/Philadelphia -
Post University
http://wn.com/Post_University -
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution.
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Purdue University
Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S., is the flagship university of the six-campus Purdue University System. Purdue was founded on May 6, 1869, as a land-grant university when the Indiana General Assembly, taking advantage of the Morrill Act, accepted a donation of land and money from Lafayette businessman John Purdue to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in his name. The first classes were held on September 16, 1874, with three buildings, six instructors, and 39 students. Today, Purdue enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana as well as the second largest international student population of any public university in the United States. This is a result of its aggressive recruiting policies abroad, particularly in Latin America and Asia.
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Rice University
William Marsh Rice University (commonly known as Rice University) opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art is a private coeducational research university located in Houston, Texas, United States. Its campus is located near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.
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Rutgers University
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (usually referred to as Rutgers University or just Rutgers), is the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey. It was originally chartered as ''Queen's College'' in 1766 and is the eighth-oldest college in the United States. Rutgers was originally a private university affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church and admitted only male students, but evolved into a coeducational public research university. Rutgers is one of only two colonial colleges that later became public universities, the other being The College of William and Mary.
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San Gimignano
San Gimignano is a small walled medieval hill town in the province of Siena, Tuscany, north-central Italy. It is mainly famous for its medieval architecture, especially its towers, which may be seen from several kilometres outside the town.
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Saybrook College
Saybrook College is one of the 12 residential colleges at Yale University. It was founded in 1933 by partitioning the Memorial Quadrangle (built in 1917-1921) into two parts: Saybrook and Branford.
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Silliman College
Silliman College is a residential college at Yale University. It opened in September 1940 as the last of the original ten residential colleges, and includes buildings that were constructed as early as 1901. It is the largest college in terms of area, consisting of a full city block in New Haven, Connecticut, bordered by College, Wall, Grove and Temple Streets.
http://wn.com/Silliman_College -
Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university located in Stanford, California, United States. The university is located on an campus in northwestern Santa Clara Valley approximately southeast of San Francisco and approximately northwest of San Jose.
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Starr Arena
Starr Hockey Rink is a 2,600-seat multi-purpose arena in Hamilton, New York. It is home to the Colgate University Raiders men's and women's ice hockey teams. It is named for John Howard Starr, the coach of the hockey team from 1936 to 1950. It takes up the western half of the William A. Reid Athletic Center, which it shares with Cotterell Court, the home of the basketball and volleyball teams. The athletic center is located in the southwestern part of campus, near Andy Kerr Stadium, the school's major outdoor venue. Portions of the Paul Newman hockey classic, Slap Shot were filmed in Starr Rink.
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Syracuse University
Syracuse University (also referred to as SU, Syracuse, or 'Cuse) is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States. Its roots can be traced back to Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832, which also later founded Genesee College. Following several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was founded independent of the college in 1870. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it still maintains an affiliation with the United Methodist Church. Syracuse was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1966.
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Texas A&M; University
Texas A&M; University, often referred to as A&M; or TAMU, is a coeducational public research university located in College Station, Texas. It is the flagship institution of the Texas A&M; University System. The seventh-largest university in the United States, A&M; enrolls over 49,000 students in ten academic colleges. Texas A&M;'s designation as a land, sea, and space grant institution reflects a broad range of research with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. The school ranks in the top 20 American research institutes in terms of funding and has made notable contributions to such fields as animal cloning and petroleum engineering.
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Thompson Arena
Rupert C. Thompson Arena is a 3,500-seat hockey arena in Hanover, New Hampshire. It is home to the Dartmouth College Big Green men's and women's ice hockey teams. The barrel-vaulted, reinforced concrete arena was designed by renowned architect Pier Luigi Nervi. It was named for Rupert C. Thompson '28, the major benefactor of the project, and replaced Davis Rink, the original "indoor" home of Dartmouth hockey from 1929 to 1975. (Davis Rink, which was located next to old Alumni Gym, was demolished in 1985 to make way for the Berry Sports Center.)
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Trumbull College
Trumbull College is one of twelve undergraduate residential colleges of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut.
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Tufts University
Tufts University is a private research university in Medford/Somerville, near Boston, Massachusetts. The university is home to the nation's oldest graduate school of international relations, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
http://wn.com/Tufts_University -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
University of Iowa
The University of Iowa (also known as U of I, or simply Iowa) is a public flagship state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa. The University of Iowa is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. UI is categorized as RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. The university is a group member of the prestigious American Association of Universities, the Big Ten Conference, Committee on Institutional Cooperation, and the Universities Research Association. The student newspaper, The Daily Iowan, has received numerous collegiate journalism awards over the years and is widely considered one of the finest college newspapers in the country.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University, or simply Oxford) is a university located in Oxford, United Kingdom. It is the third oldest surviving university and the oldest university in the English-speaking world. Although the exact date of foundation remains unclear, there is evidence of teaching there as far back as the 11th century. The University grew rapidly from 1167 when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.
http://wn.com/University_of_Oxford -
University of Pisa
http://wn.com/University_of_Pisa -
University of Utah
The University of Utah, also known as the U or the U of U, is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900. It is one of ten institutions that make up the Utah System of Higher Education.
http://wn.com/University_of_Utah -
Vassar College
http://wn.com/Vassar_College -
Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
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Wesleyan University
:This article is about Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, USA. For a list of other colleges and universities with names including "Wesleyan," see Wesleyan University (disambiguation).
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Woolsey Hall
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Wrexham
Wrexham ( ; ) is a town in Wales. It is the administrative centre of the wider Wrexham County Borough, and the largest town in North Wales, located to the east of the region. It is situated between the Welsh mountains and the lower Dee Valley close to the border with Cheshire, England. As North Wales' largest town, it is a major centre of the region's commercial, retail and educational infrastructure.
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Yale Divinity School
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Yale Law School
Yale Law School, or YLS, is the law school of Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Established in 1824, it offers the J.D., LL.M., J.S.D. and M.S.L. degrees in law. It also hosts visiting scholars, visiting researchers and a number of legal research centers. The school's prestige and small size make its admissions process the most selective of any United States law school. Yale has been ranked number one in the country by U.S. News and World Report in every year in which the magazine has published law school rankings.
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Yale Medical School
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Yale School of Drama
The Yale School of Drama is a graduate professional school of Yale University providing training in every discipline of the theatre: acting, design (set design, costume design, lighting design, projection design), directing, dramaturgy and dramatic criticism, playwriting, stage management, sound design, technical design and production, and theater management.
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Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
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Abraham Pierson
Reverend Abraham Pierson (1646 – March 5, 1707) was the first rector, from 1701 to 1707, and one of the founders of the Collegiate School — which later became Yale University. He was born in Southampton, Long Island, where his father, the Rev. Abraham Pierson (Sr.), was the pastor of the Puritan (Congregational) church. At that time, Southampton and much of eastern Long Island were administered as part of the Connecticut Colony.
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Alexandra Robbins
Alexandra Robbins (born in 1976) is a journalist, lecturer, and author. Her books focus on young adults, education, and modern college life and its aspects that are often overlooked or ignored by college administrators . Three of her five books have been New York Times Best Sellers.
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Alison Richard
Dame Alison Fettes Richard, DBE, DL (born 1 March 1948 in Kent, England) was the 344th Vice-Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. She was the first female Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge since the post became full-time. She is also the president of the Cambridge Network.
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Allen Forte
Allen Forte (born December 23, 1926) is a music theorist and musicologist. He was born in Portland, Oregon and fought in the Navy at the close of World War II before moving to the East Coast. He is now Battell Professor of Music, Emeritus at Yale University. Forte is arguably best known for his book [http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300021202 The Structure of Atonal Music], in which he extrapolates from the serial theory of Milton Babbitt, proposing a musical "set theory" of pitch-class-set analysis analogous to mathematical set theory with the avowed intention of providing a method for the analysis of non-serial atonal music. The musicologist Richard Taruskin and the composer and music theorist George Perle are among the most vocal critics of this method. Forte was also the editor of the Journal of Music Theory during an important period in its development, from volume 4/2 (1960) through 11/1 (1967). His involvement with the journal, including many biographical details, is addressed in David Carson Berry, "Journal of Music Theory under Allen Forte's Editorship," Journal of Music Theory 50/1 (2006): 7-23.
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Angela Bassett
Angela Evelyn Bassett (born August 16, 1958) is an American actress. She has become well-known for her biographical film roles portraying real life women in African American culture, perhaps most prominently as singer Tina Turner in the motion picture ''What's Love Got to Do with It, as well as her portrayal of Betty Shabazz in the films Malcolm X and Panther, Rosa Parks in the The Rosa Parks Story, Katherine Jackson in the miniseries and Voletta Wallace in the film Notorious''.
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Anna Harkness
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Benedict Arnold
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Benjamin Silliman
Benjamin Silliman (8 August 1779 – 24 November 1864) was an American chemist, one of the first American professors of science (at Yale University), and the first to distill petroleum.
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Benjamin Spock
Benjamin McLane Spock (May 2, 1903 – March 15, 1998) was an American pediatrician whose book Baby and Child Care, published in 1946, is one of the biggest best-sellers of all time. Its revolutionary message to mothers was that "you know more than you think you do."
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
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Bing Gordon
William "Bing" Gordon is a executive in the video game industry. He served ten years as Chief Creative Officer of video game publisher and developer Electronic Arts (EA) prior to his current partnership with Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers (KPCB). He was a founding director of Audible.com and is currently a board member of Amazon, Ngmoco, and Zynga.
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C. Vann Woodward
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Camille Paglia
Camille Anna Paglia (born April 2, 1947) is an US author, teacher, and social critic. A self-described dissident feminist Paglia has been a Professor at The University of the Arts in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania since 1984. She also writes articles on art, popular culture, feminism, and politics for mainstream newspapers and magazines.
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Cary Nelson
Cary Nelson (1946), professor of English and Jubilee Professor of Liberal Arts and Sciences at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is the current president of the American Association of University Professors and a prominent scholar-activist. He received his Ph.D in English from University of Rochester 1970 and is a 1967 graduate of Antioch College. His scholarship of the 1970s and 80s worked to expand the canon of modern American poetry, and since the 1990s he has increasingly focused on issues in higher education. In the words of Alan Wald, "With the appearance of Manifesto of a Tenured Radical in 1997, Cary became the national exemplar of the committed scholar who conceived of the advance of his own career in the context of the amelioration of the rank-and-file of the academic community; more specifically, graduate students, part-time employees, and campus workers." [http://www.cary-nelson.org/nelson/aboutcarynelson.html] Nelson has also played an important role in promoting cultural studies in the American academy, and in 1981 he founded the Unit for Criticism and Interpretive Theory.
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Charles C. Haight
Charles Coolidge Haight (1841 – February 9, 1917) was an American architect who practiced in New York City. A number of his buildings survive including at Yale University[http://eng.archinform.net/arch/8921.htm] and Trinity College (Hartford, CT). He also designed most of the campus of the Episcopal General Theological Seminary in Chelsea Square, New York. The original brick buildings he designed for Columbia College, at the college's former location on Madison Avenue, no longer survive.
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Charles Dickens
Charles John Huffam Dickens (; 7 February 1812 – 9 June 1870) was the most popular British novelist of the Victorian era, and he remains popular, responsible for some of English literature's most iconic characters.
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Charles Ives
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Cleanth Brooks
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Cole Porter
Cole Albert Porter (June 9, 1891 – October 15, 1964) was an American composer and songwriter. His works include the musical comedies Kiss Me, Kate, Fifty Million Frenchmen, DuBarry Was a Lady and Anything Goes, as well as songs like "Night and Day", "I Get a Kick out of You", "Well, Did You Evah!" and "I've Got You Under My Skin". He was noted for his sophisticated, bawdy lyrics, clever rhymes and complex forms. Porter was one of the greatest contributors to the Great American Songbook. Cole Porter is one of the few Tin Pan Alley composers to have written both the lyrics and the music for his songs.
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David Brion Davis
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David Graeber
David Rolfe Graeber (born 12 February 1961) is an American anthropologist and anarchist who currently holds the position of Reader in Social Anthropology at Goldsmiths, University of London He was an associate professor of anthropology at Yale University, although Yale controversially declined to rehire him, and his term there ended in June 2007. Graeber has a history of social and political activism, including his role in protests against the World Economic Forum in New York City (2002) and membership in the labor union Industrial Workers of the World. His father, Kenneth Graeber, participated in the Spanish Revolution in Barcelona and fought in the Spanish Civil War and his mother, then Ruth Rubinstein, was part of the original cast of the 1930s labor stage review Pins&Needles;, performed entirely by garment workers. Graeber's father ultimately found work as a plate stripper and Graeber has sometimes suggested his working class upbringing might have played at least as large a role in the problems he later encountered in academic life as his political activities.
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David Lewin
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Dean Acheson
Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer. As United States Secretary of State in the administration of President Harry S. Truman from 1949 to 1953, he played a central role in defining American foreign policy during the Cold War. Acheson helped design the Marshall Plan and played a central role in the development of the Truman Doctrine and creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
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Dick Cavett
Richard Alva "Dick" Cavett (born November 19, 1936) is a former American television talk show host known for his conversational style and in-depth discussion of issues. Cavett appeared regularly on nationally broadcast television in the United States in five consecutive decades, the 1960s through the 2000s.
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Edward S. Harkness
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Eero Saarinen
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Eli Whitney
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Elia Kazan
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Elihu Yale
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Elisabeth Bumiller
Elisabeth Bumiller (born May 15, 1956) is an American author and journalist who is currently a national affairs correspondent for the New York Times.
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Ernest Lawrence
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Ernesto Zedillo
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Ezra Stiles
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Fareed Zakaria
Fareed Rafiq Zakaria (; born January 20, 1964) is an Indian-American journalist and author. After a long career as a columnist for Newsweek and editor of Newsweek International, he has recently announced a move to Editor-At-Large of Time. He is also the host of CNN's Fareed Zakaria GPS, and a frequent commentator and author about issues related to international relations, trade and American foreign policy.
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Frances McDormand
Frances Louise McDormand (born June 23, 1957) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1996 for her role as Marge Gunderson in Fargo.
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Francis S. Collins
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Frederic Remington
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Frederick W. Smith
Frederick Wallace Smith (born August 11, 1944), or Fred Smith, is the founder, chairman, president, and CEO of FedEx, originally known as Federal Express, the first overnight express delivery company in the world, and the largest in the United States. The company is headquartered in Memphis, Tennessee.
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G. Evelyn Hutchinson
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Gaddis Smith
George Gaddis Smith is the Larned professor emeritus of history at Yale University and an expert on American foreign relations and maritime history.
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Gary Hart
Gary Hart (born Gary Warren Hartpence; November 28, 1936) is an American politician, lawyer, author, professor and commentator. He formerly served as a Democratic Senator representing Colorado (1975–1987), and ran in the U.S. presidential elections in 1984 and again in 1988, when he was considered a frontrunner for the Democratic nomination until various news organizations reported that he was having an extramarital affair. Since retiring from the Senate, he has emerged as a consultant on national security, and continues to speak on a wide range of issues, including the environment and homeland security. In 2001, he earned a doctorate in politics from Oxford. In 2006, Hart accepted an endowed professorship at the University of Colorado at Denver. He also serves as Chairman for Council for a Livable World. He has written or co-authored numerous books and articles, including four novels, two under the pen name John Blackthorn.
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Gene Siskel
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Geoffrey Hartman
Geoffrey H. Hartman (born 1929) is a German-born American literary theorist, sometimes identified with the Yale School of deconstruction, but also has written on a wide range of subjects, and cannot be categorized by a single school or method.
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George Berkeley
George Berkeley ( ) (12 March 1685 14 January 1753), also known as Bishop Berkeley (Bishop of Cloyne), was an Irish philosopher whose primary achievement was the advancement of a theory he called "immaterialism" (later referred to as "subjective idealism" by others). This theory contends that individuals can only know directly sensations and ideas of objects, not abstractions such as "matter". The theory also contends that ideas are dependent upon being perceived by minds for their very existence, a belief that became immortalized in the dictum, "esse est percipi" ("to be is to be perceived"). He published his chief philosophical work A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge in 1710.
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George H. W. Bush
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George H.W. Bush
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George Pataki
George Elmer Pataki (; born June 24, 1945) is an American politician who was the 53rd Governor of New York. A member of the Republican Party, Pataki served three consecutive four-year terms from January 1, 1995 until December 31, 2006.
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he also became the only President of the United States who was elected neither President nor Vice-President.
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Gifford Pinchot
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Gordon Bunshaft
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Hanna Holborn Gray
Hanna Holborn Gray (born October 25, 1930), is an historian of political thought in the area of the Renaissance and Reformation, and an emerita professor and former President of the University of Chicago.
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Harold Bloom
Harold Bloom (born July 11, 1930) is an American writer and literary critic, currently Sterling Professor of the Humanities at Yale University. He is known for his defense of 19th-century Romantic poets, his construction of unique but controversial theories of poetic influence, and for advocating an aesthetic approach to literature against feminist, Marxist, New Historicist, poststructuralist (deconstructive and semiotic) literary criticism. Bloom is a 1985 recipient of a MacArthur Fellowship.
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Harold Stanley
Harold Stanley (October 2, 1885 – May 14, 1963) was an American businessman and one of the founders of Morgan Stanley in 1935. He ran Morgan Stanley until 1955.
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Herbert Spencer
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Hiram Bingham III
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Howard Dean
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American politician and physician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He served six terms as the 79th Governor of Vermont and ran unsuccessfully for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009.
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Increase Mather
Increase Mather (June 21, 1639 – August 23, 1723) was a major figure in the early history of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and Province of Massachusetts Bay (now the Commonwealth of Massachusetts). He was a Puritan minister who was involved with the government of the colony, the administration of Harvard College, and most notoriously, the Salem witch trials. He was the son of Richard Mather, an influential Puritan minister.
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Irving Fischer
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Isamu Noguchi
was a prominent Japanese American artist and landscape architect whose artistic career spanned six decades, from the 1920s onward. Known for his sculpture and public works, Noguchi also designed stage sets for various Martha Graham productions, and several mass-produced lamps and furniture pieces, some of which are still manufactured and sold.
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Jacques Derrida
Jacques Derrida () (15 July 1930 – 8 October 2004) was a French philosopher born in Algeria. He developed the critical technique known as deconstruction, and his work has been associated both with post-structuralism and postmodern philosophy. His prolific output of more than 40 published books, together with essays and public speaking, has had a significant impact upon the humanities, particularly on literary theory and continental philosophy. His best known assertion with regard to his methodology is that "there is no outside-the-text."
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James Fallows
James Fallows is an American print and radio journalist. He has been a national correspondent for The Atlantic Monthly for many years. His work has also appeared in Slate, The New York Times Magazine, The New York Review of Books, The New Yorker and The American Prospect, among others. He is a former editor of U.S. News & World Report, and was President Jimmy Carter's chief speechwriter for two years, the youngest person ever to hold that job.
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James Gamble Rogers
James Gamble Rogers (March 3, 1867 — October 1, 1947) was an American architect best known for his academic commissions at Yale University, Columbia University, Northwestern University, and elsewhere.
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James McNerney
Walter James "Jim" McNerney, Jr., (born 22 August 1949 in Providence, RI) is an American businessman.
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James R. Angell
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Jeffrey Bewkes
Jeffrey Lawrence Bewkes (born 25 May 1952) is an American media executive. He has served as CEO of Time Warner since January 1, 2008 and as President since December 2005. On January 1, 2009 he became Chairman of the Board in addition to his other duties.
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Jeremiah Dummer
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Jodie Foster
Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress, film director and producer.
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John C. Calhoun
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John Kerry
John Forbes Kerry (born December 11, 1943) is the senior United States Senator from Massachusetts, and is chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.
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Johns Hopkins
:This article is about the Quaker philanthropist. For the institutions named after him, see Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital.
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Jonathan Trumbull
Jonathan Trumbull, Sr. (October 12, 1710 August 17, 1785) (Originally spelled: Jonathan Trumble, was changed for an unknown reason) was one of the few Americans who served as governor in both a pre-Revolutionary colony and a post-Revolutionary state. During the American Revolution he was the only colonial governor who supported the American side.
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Josef Albers
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Joseph E. Sheffield
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Joseph Lieberman
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Josiah Willard Gibbs
Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American theoretical physicist, chemist, and mathematician. He devised much of the theoretical foundation for chemical thermodynamics as well as physical chemistry. As a mathematician, he invented vector analysis (independently of Oliver Heaviside). Yale University awarded Gibbs the first American Ph.D. in engineering in 1863, and he spent his entire career at Yale. His thesis was entitled: On the Form of the Teeth of Wheels in Spur Gearing.
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José Paciano Laurel
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Judith Rodin
Judith Rodin (born Judith Seitz; September 9, 1944) and became the first woman to hold the position of permanent President of an Ivy League university when she assumed the head of the University of Pennsylvania in 1994. She served as that university's seventh President from 1994-2004. In 2005 Rodin was named president of the Rockefeller Foundation. A University of Pennsylvania alumna, she received her Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1970.
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Karl Carstens
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Kingman Brewster
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Louis Kahn
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Maureen Dowd
Maureen Bridgid Dowd (born January 14, 1952) is a Washington D.C.-based columnist for The New York Times and best-selling author. During the 1970s and the early 1980s, she worked for Time magazine and the Washington Star, where she covered news as well as sports and wrote feature articles. Dowd joined the Times in 1983 as a metropolitan reporter and eventually became an Op-Ed writer for the newspaper in 1995. In 1999, she was awarded a Pulitzer Prize for her series of columns on the Monica Lewinsky scandal in the Clinton administration.
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Maya Lin
Maya Ying Lin (; born October 5, 1959) is an American artist and architect who is known for her work in sculpture and landscape art. Her best-known work is the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D.C.
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Meryl Streep
Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented and respected actors of the modern era.
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Michael Cimino
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Michael Dukakis
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Nathan Hale
Nathan Hale (June 6, 1755 – September 22, 1776) was a soldier for the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War. A spy for the Continental Army, he volunteered for an intelligence-gathering mission in New York City but was captured by the British. He is probably best remembered for his purported last words before being hanged: "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."
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Noah Porter
Noah Porter, Jr. (December 14, 1811 – March 4, 1892) was an American academic, philosopher, author, lexicographer and President of Yale College (1871-1886).
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Noah Webster
Noah Webster (October 16, 1758 – May 28, 1843) was an American lexicographer, textbook pioneer, English spelling reformer, political writer, editor, and prolific author. He has been called the "Father of American Scholarship and Education." His blue-backed speller books taught five generations of children in the United States how to spell and read, and made elementary education more secular and less religious. In the U.S. his name became synonymous with "dictionary," especially the modern Merriam-Webster dictionary that was first published in 1828 as An American Dictionary of the English Language.
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Owen Johnson
Owen McMahon Johnson (August 27, 1878 - January 27, 1952) was an American writer best remembered for his stories and novels cataloguing the educational and personal growth of the fictional character Dink Stover.
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Pat Robertson
Marion Gordon "Pat" Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a media mogul, television evangelist, ex-Baptist minister and business man who espouses American Christian Right political views.
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Paul de Man
Paul de Man (December 6, 1919 – December 21, 1983) was a Belgian-born deconstructionist literary critic and theorist.
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Paul Krugman
Paul Robin Krugman (; born February 28, 1953) is an American economist, Professor of Economics and International Affairs at the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs at Princeton University, Centenary Professor at the London School of Economics, and an op-ed columnist for The New York Times. In 2008, Krugman won the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics for his contributions to New Trade Theory and New Economic Geography. He was voted sixth in a 2005 global poll of the world's top 100 intellectuals by Prospect.
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Paul Newman
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Paul Tsongas
Paul Efthemios Tsongas (; February 14, 1941 – January 18, 1997) was a United States Senator from Massachusetts and a one-time candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination. Previously, he also served as a U.S. Representative from Massachusetts and held local political office as well.
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Peking University
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Puritan
The Puritans were a significant grouping of English Protestants in the 16th and 17th centuries. Puritanism in this sense was founded by some Marian exiles from the clergy shortly after the accession of Elizabeth I of England in 1559, as an activist movement within the Church of England. The designation "Puritan" is often incorrectly used, notably based on the assumption that hedonism and puritanism are antonyms: historically, the word was used to characterize the Protestant group as extremists similar to the Cathari of France, and according to Thomas Fuller in his Church History dated back to 1564. Archbishop Matthew Parker of that time used it and "precisian" with the sense of . T. D. Bozeman therefore uses instead the term precisianist in regard to the historical groups of England and New England.
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Richard Gilder
Richard Gilder, co-founder of the Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History, heads the brokerage firm Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co. that specializes in an aggressive trading strategy of leveraged stocks and shortselling. After working at the brokerage firm of A.G. Becker & Co., Gilder founded the firm now known as Gilder, Gagnon, Howe & Co. in 1968. He is Chairman of the Executive Committee at the New-York Historical Society and serves on the Executive Board of the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture. He is a trustee of the Morgan Library & Museum, the American Museum of Natural History, the Central Park Conservancy, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation. He is Chairman Emeritus of both, the conservative think-tank, the Manhattan Institute and the conservative political action committee, the Club for Growth. In 2005, Richard Gilder and Lewis Lehrman received the National Humanities Medal for their work promoting the study of American history. He has now set up a PhD. program at the American Museum of Natural History in his own name, the Richard Gilder Graduate School at AMNH.
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Richard H. Brodhead
Richard Halleck Brodhead (born 1947) currently serves as the ninth president of Duke University and is a scholar of 19th-century American literature.
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Richard Serra
Richard Serra (born November 2, 1939) is an American minimalist sculptor and video artist known for working with large-scale assemblies of sheet metal. Serra was involved in the Process Art Movement.
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Rick Levin
Richard Charles Levin (born April 7, 1947) is a professor and American economist who has served as president of Yale University since 1993. He is currently the longest-tenured Ivy League president.
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Robert M. Yerkes
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Robert Penn Warren
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Samuel Alito
Samuel Anthony Alito, Jr. (; born April 1, 1950) is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. He was nominated by President George W. Bush and has served on the court since January 31, 2006.
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Samuel Andrew
Samuel Andrew (January 29, 1656 – January 24, 1738) was an American Congregational clergyman and educator. He was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. He served as the rector of Yale University between 1707 and 1719.
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Samuel F. B. Morse
http://wn.com/Samuel_F_B_Morse -
Samuel F.B. Morse
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Sargent Shriver
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Sinclair Lewis
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Susan Hockfield
Susan Hockfield (born March 24, 1951) is the sixteenth and current president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Hockfield's appointment was publicly announced on August 26, 2004, and she formally took office December 6, 2004, succeeding Charles M. Vest. Hockfield's official inauguration celebrations took place during the week of May 2, 2005. Her title is "President and Professor of Neuroscience," and she is the first woman and the first life scientist to hold the title of president of MIT.
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Tansu Çiller
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Thomas Clap
Thomas Clap, also spelled Thomas Clapp (June 26, 1703 – January 7, 1767), was an American academic and educator, a Congregational Minister, and college administrator. He was both the fifth rector and the earliest to be called "president" of Yale College (1740-1766).
http://wn.com/Thomas_Clap -
Timothy Dwight IV
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Timothy Dwight V
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Tony Blair
Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a former British Labour Party politician who served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 2 May 1997 to 27 June 2007. He was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Sedgefield from 1983 to 2007 and Leader of the Labour Party from 1994 to 2007; he resigned from all these positions in June 2007.
http://wn.com/Tony_Blair -
Traugott Lawler
Traugott Lawler (born 8 March 1937) is a medievalist scholar, expert on William Langland, and an emeritus professor of English at Yale University, where he served as master of Ezra Stiles College.
http://wn.com/Traugott_Lawler -
Vietnam War
http://wn.com/Vietnam_War -
Vincent Price
Vincent Leonard Price II (May 27, 1911 – October 25, 1993) was an American actor, well known for his distinctive voice and serio-comic attitude in a series of horror films made in the latter part of his career.
http://wn.com/Vincent_Price -
Vincent Scully
Vincent Joseph Scully, Jr. (born August 21, 1920) is Sterling Professor Emeritus of the History of Art in Architecture at Yale University, and the author of several books on the subject. Architect Philip Johnson once described Scully as "the most influential architectural teacher ever." His lectures at Yale were known to attract casual visitors and packed houses, and regularly received standing ovations.
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W.K. Wimsatt
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William Harkness
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William Howard Taft
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William K. Lanman
Colonel William Kelsey Lanman Jr., (October 9, 1904 - March 27, 2001) was a notable benefactor of Yale University. He served as an aviator in the United States Marine Corps from 1935 to 1955, and later took up real estate and investment management.
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That's Why I Chose Yale
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 16:49
- Published: 14 Jan 2010
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
An introduction to undergraduate life at Yale College. The project was an independent collaboration between Yale undergraduates and recent alumni working in the admissions office. All filming, editing, and vocal recording was done on Yale's campus exclusively by Yale students. www.yale.edu/admit
http://wn.com/That's_Why_I_Chose_Yale
Why Did I Choose Yale?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Published: 18 Nov 2010
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Interested in applying to Yale? Make sure you check out this video before you make the wrong decision! And don't forget to check out the original video: www.youtube.com Brought to you by On Harvard Time! Want more? Check out www.onharvardtime.com DIRECTED BY Sean Goller '12 ...
http://wn.com/Why_Did_I_Choose_Yale?
Yale Admissions Responds To Viral Video Application - CONAN on TBS
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Published: 02 Mar 2012
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
An ambitious young lady begged Yale to accept her via YouTube and Yale responded... via YouTube.
http://wn.com/Yale_Admissions_Responds_To_Viral_Video_Application_CONAN_on_TBS
Tom Hanks Addresses the Yale Class of 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:12
- Published: 22 May 2011
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
Tom Hanks, Academy Award-winning actor, writer and director, addresses the Yale College Class of 2011 during the traditional Class Day speech and offers the graduates insight and encouragement.
http://wn.com/Tom_Hanks_Addresses_the_Yale_Class_of_2011
Shah Rukh Khan at Yale University as Chubb Fellow (official video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 69:35
- Published: 15 Apr 2012
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Shah Rukh Khan came to Yale on April 12, 2012 as a Chubb Fellow in his first visit to an American university. The Chubb Fellowship is one of Yale's most distinguished honors, bringing leaders to campus to encourage students interested in public service and the public good. This official video features his full lecture; a conversation by SRK with Master Jeffrey Brenzel of Timothy Dwight College, Yale Law School student Nikhil Sud '10, Law'13, and Sarika Arya '11; and a performance of his trademark "Chammak Challo" with Yale sophomore Natalia Khosla '14. Shah Rukh Khan is introduced by Isha Ambani '13, president of the Yale South Asian Society, a co-sponsor of the event along with the Chubb Fellowship of Timothy Dwight College.
http://wn.com/Shah_Rukh_Khan_at_Yale_University_as_Chubb_Fellow_official_video
A Deferred Student's Appeal to Yale: White and Blue for You by Jackie Milestone
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:58
- Published: 21 Feb 2012
- Updated: 27 May 2012
My name is Jackie Milestone and I was deferred from Yale University after applying to the early action pool in the fall of 2011. My hope is that this song and video will help to show that Yale is more than just my first choice school, it is a school I know well and have dreamed of attending ever since I discovered that colleges existed. I was heartbroken when I found out I was deferred and I hope that this video will encourage the admissions officers to give me another chance. Music and Lyrics by Jackie Milestone Acoustic Guitar and Vocals by Jackie Milestone Additional Guitar, Bass, and Percussion by Stefan Richter and Jake Goodman of Bam Bam Studios (soundcloud.com/bambamstudios) Recording by Bam Bam Studios Video filming and editing by Jessi Milestone Lyrics: You've got to know me by now As the one who dreams of you And being in your stonewall embrace. I hope you've seen my by now, Relishing the summer time When we lived together Things were never better, And these high school years Will bring me to tears When I've only got one thing on my mind And it's... Yale You've made me white and blue for you. Yale If you let me in I'll show you just what I can do (for you). I want to be there this fall In those brisk autumn winds, Sitting on the swing in Branford, The buttery by night, Like this past July In the Davenport library, Studying altogether, I stop and say it can't get better. And when I think of my bright college years I think of you my dear I think of... Yale You've <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/A_Deferred_Student's_Appeal_to_Yale_White_and_Blue_for_You_by_Jackie_Milestone
Moon Yale (Yale 2012 Class Day Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 17:57
- Published: 25 May 2012
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
With disaster on the horizon, President Levin tries to create the ideal Yale experience. The Yale 2012 Class Day Video Directed by Hunter Wolk & Chloe Sarbib Written by Mark Sonnenblick & Brendan Ternus and Hunter Wolk Produced by Carina Sposato
http://wn.com/Moon_Yale_Yale_2012_Class_Day_Video
I Just Got In -- Yale Med (I Just had Sex Spoof)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Published: 16 Apr 2011
- Updated: 23 Mar 2012
Created by students of the 2014 class of Yale School of Medicine for 2nd Look Weekend 2011
http://wn.com/I_Just_Got_In_-_Yale_Med_I_Just_had_Sex_Spoof
The Haven Games - Official Trailer - Yale Medical School
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 19 Apr 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
The Haven Games, based on The Hunger Games trailer, was shown for accepted applicants at Yale School of Medicine's Second Look Weekend 2012. Obviously this is a parody so don't take anything TOO seriously. Congratulations accepted students! **Be sure to watch it in HD! Written and Produced by: Michael Chang & Pierre Martin Made by the Yale School of Medicine Class of 2015
http://wn.com/The_Haven_Games_Official_Trailer_Yale_Medical_School
@Yale Live with Professor Shelly Kagan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 26:33
- Published: 12 Jun 2012
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Lively interview with Yale University philosopher Shelly Kagan about death, the subject of his popular Yale course and new book. Join the discussion -- post a comment or question to Facebook: on.fb.me
http://wn.com/@Yale_Live_with_Professor_Shelly_Kagan
Yale and the World (English)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:17
- Published: 26 Apr 2012
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
This video describes the history of Yale University, outlines the academic offerings and campus life, and highlights some of the Yale graduates and faculty who have made significant contributions to their fields or society.
http://wn.com/Yale_and_the_World_English
Yale Commencement Ceremony 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:23
- Published: 22 May 2012
- Updated: 04 Jul 2012
Yale University celebrates the 311th Commencement ceremonies on May 21st, 2012. Yale President Richard C. Levin conferred a total of 3021 degrees, in addition to 251 that were awarded provisionally to students of the Yale Law School and 34 students in the Physician Assistant program, who complete their programs a bit later. He saluted all of the graduates for their "extraordinary accomplishments" and for their "effort, diligence, talent, and intellect."
http://wn.com/Yale_Commencement_Ceremony_2012
It Gets Better - Yale College
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:05
- Published: 15 May 2012
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
The students and staff of Yale College lend their voices and stories to the It Gets Better Project. yaleigb@gmail.com www.itgetsbetter.org www.facebook.com/itgetsbetterproject www.youtube.com/itgetsbetterproject
http://wn.com/It_Gets_Better_Yale_College
Travis Porter Invades Yale University!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:13
- Published: 27 Feb 2012
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
LOST IT AT YALE UNIVERSITY! TRAVIS PORTER LIVE PERFORMANCE
http://wn.com/Travis_Porter_Invades_Yale_University!
Barbara Walters Addresses the Class of 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 24:46
- Published: 21 May 2012
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Barbara Walters, ABC News Correspondent, reporter, producer and author, addresses the Yale Class of 2012 during the traditional Class Day speech on May 20th 2012.
http://wn.com/Barbara_Walters_Addresses_the_Class_of_2012
She wants to go to Yale
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:17
- Published: 29 Feb 2012
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
(WTNH) -- Good Morning Connecticut spoke with Jackie Milstone, who posted a video on YouTube to try and get accepted into Yale.
http://wn.com/She_wants_to_go_to_Yale
MOZART - YALE GLEE CLUB
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Published: 13 Jul 2012
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
Yale Glee Club, Yale University's principal undergraduate mixed chorus, performs Hostias from Mozart's Requiem. March 31, 2012 -Jeffrey Douma, Director - yalegleeclub.org
http://wn.com/MOZART_YALE_GLEE_CLUB
Yale Graduate Marina Keegan's Tragic Car Accident and 'Embracing Life' Essay Moves Millions
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:41
- Published: 02 Jun 2012
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Kevin Keegan and his wife, Tracy Keegan, were preparing to celebrate his 55th birthday and eagerly awaiting the homecoming of their daughter Marina and a college boyfriend they hoped to get to know better, just days after the two graduated from Yale University. But instead a state trooper arrived at the Keegan's door to deliver devastating news: There had been a car crash and Marina Keegan, who had a promising position as an editorial assistant at The New Yorker magazine ahead of her, was dead. "I was waiting with my lobster and birthday cake, which she loved," said Kevin Keegan. "I couldn't understand why after a week she wasn't home. Why can't she just be back?" Marina Keegan and Michael Gocksch were en route to the Keegans' summer house in Wellfleet, Mass., when Gocksch lost control of the car. The Lexus hit a guard rail, spun across the road to hit the opposite guard rail, then rolled over twice, according to the Cape Cod Times. Gocksch was uninjured, but Keegan died at the scene. This week her prophetic and inspirational essay, "The Opposite of Loneliness," with its heart-wrenching lines "We're so young. We're so young. We're 22 years old. We have so much time" has gone viral. For more on this story: abcnews.go.com
http://wn.com/Yale_Graduate_Marina_Keegan's_Tragic_Car_Accident_and_'Embracing_Life'_Essay_Moves_Millions
Sterling Library - Yale University
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Published: 11 Jul 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
A few test shots running the Kessler CineSlider.
http://wn.com/Sterling_Library_Yale_University
TEDxIB @ York - Yale Fox - Nightclubs as Research Labs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:32
- Published: 24 Jan 2012
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Yale researches social nightclub behaviour with a particular emphasis on music and how it affects people at an implicit level. With a background in biology, psychology, and sociology, Yale investigates such topics as how music can affect bar sales and people's ability to multitask, how it determines listening patterns, and how the stock market can affect mood, which in turn predicts the characteristics of popular music. His research has been published in international publications, documentaries, and textbooks. Additionally, Yale's position in the nightclub industry gives him access to a vast quantity of unique data, which has already led to some remarkable conclusions. More of Yales work can be found online at www.darwinvsthemachine.com TEDxIB@York is an event for International Baccalaureate Diploma students from all over the world to come together to experience TED talks and share ideas with peers and professionals. This event is held annually at The York School, a coeducational, non-denominational, IB, independent day school in Toronto, Canada. This event gives students a chance to see amazing speakers, musicians, artwork, poetry, videos and to connect with people from all walks of life in the spirit of "ideas worth spreading".
http://wn.com/TEDxIB_@_York_Yale_Fox_Nightclubs_as_Research_Labs
Yale Class of 2012 Baccalaureate Ceremony
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 44:21
- Published: 20 May 2012
- Updated: 26 May 2012
Yale President, Richard Levin, and Yale College Dean, Mary Miller, address the graduating seniors at the Yale College Class of 2012 Baccalaureate Ceremony on May 20th, 2012.
http://wn.com/Yale_Class_of_2012_Baccalaureate_Ceremony
Shah Rukh Khan charms Yale crowd PART 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:11
- Published: 13 Apr 2012
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Bollywood star Shah Rukh Khan enthralled the students of Yale University as he came to the Ivy League institution as a Chubb Fellow, one of its top honours. A crowd gathered outside the Shubert Theatre early in the afternoon and as the day went on the line snaked around the corner. Fans travelled from as far as Alabama and California to join with members of the New Haven and Yale community to hear Khan speak to a capacity audience of about 1700. Khan charmed the crowd as he spoke to them about success and failure and how to live life to the fullest. He encouraged young people to find fulfilment in creativity, to learn to laugh at themselves and to never become cynical about their lives. "Failure is a fiendish friend that can lead to success by teaching one to be pragmatic, to work harder, and to be true to oneself," he said, adding that the true strength of one's friendships is tested in the face of strong adversity. Khan emphasised the importance of young people appreciating and cherishing their parents' love. "Whatever you do, whichever mistakes you make, your parents are your best friends," he said. The lecture took a light-hearted turn when Khan danced his signature 'Chammak Challo' moves with Yale student Natalia Khosla. "This is the most fun I have had in months!" Khan said. Khan was introduced by Yale student Isha Ambani, who is president of the South Asian Society at Yale and participated in a conversation onstage with Jeffrey Brenzel, Yale dean of undergraduate <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Shah_Rukh_Khan_charms_Yale_crowd_PART_1
SRK@Yale Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:15
- Published: 13 Apr 2012
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Shah Rukh Khan visited Yale University today as a Chubb Fellow. Here is the recording of his speech. I must say, he was phenomenal! Sorry for the poor video quality, though.
http://wn.com/SRK@Yale_Part_1
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photo: WN / Denise Yong
18 Jul 2012
Until recently Neanderthals, who disappeared between 30,000 and 24,000 years ago, were thought to be predominantly meat-eaters. However, evidence of dietary breadth is growing as more sophisticated...
photo: AP / Barry Gutierrez
20 Jul 2012
By Ryan Parker and Kurtis Lee The Denver Postdenverpost.com Posted: 07/20/2012 01:42:27 AM PDT July 20, 2012 9:33 AM GMTUpdated: 07/20/2012 02:33:00 AM PDT Aurora Police responded to a...
photo: AP / Ed Andrieski
20 Jul 2012
DENVER, Colorado (Reuters) - A masked gunman killed 12 people at a midnight showing of the new Batman movie in a suburb of Denver early on Friday, sparking pandemonium when he hurled a gas canister...
photo: AP
18 Jul 2012
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on Wednesday mourned the death of yesteryear Bollywood superstar Rajesh Khanna....
photo: UN / Eskinder Debebe
18 Jul 2012
The Age of Disruptive Climate Change, and its impact on the supply of food, is a major source of modern-day uprisings, toppling governments around the world. The United States is “the breadbasket of...
photo: WN / Aruna Mirasdar
10 Jul 2012
Just because you've been using the same shampoo day in, day out for however-many years doesn't make it right. Ann Shoket and the editors of Seventeen magazine know this, as well as other beauty...
photo: WN / Denise Yong
01 Jul 2012
Home prices are beginning to rise after a six-year slump in cities from San Francisco and Seattle to Miami with jobs and lifestyles that appeal to younger and affluent buyers. "A number of the cities...
Yale defends plans for new college in Singapore
21 Jul 2012
PhysOrg
A human rights group has accused the university of betraying its own principles by accepting the constraints imposed by Singaporean law. Members of the university's arts and science faculty have also criticized the plans. Yale is based in New Haven, Connecticut. It is establishing the college with...(size: 3.0Kb)
Huffington Post
In 2004 Ruth DeGolia traveled to Guatemala to conduct research for her Yale thesis on the effects of globalization in a country torn apart by civil war. While DeGolia had traveled to Guatemala in the past, this time, she met women whose stories of courage and determination changed her life in a...(size: 5.2Kb)
Yale defends curbs on Singapore campus
21 Jul 2012
The Star
Yale University, one of the leading centres of liberal education in the United States, has defended a controversial ban on demonstrations and political parties at its new Singapore campus. Yale-NUS College, a partnership with the National University of...(size: 1.6Kb)
Star Tribune
WASHINGTON - Yale University says students at its new liberal arts college in Singapore will have academic freedom but won't be able to stage protests on...(size: 1.0Kb)
>Yale defends plans for new college in Singapore
20 Jul 2012
Seattle Post
WASHINGTON (AP) — Yale University says students at its new liberal arts college in Singapore will have academic freedom but won't be...(size: 0.9Kb)
Yale defends political curbs on Singapore campus
20 Jul 2012
Yahoo Daily News
Yale University, one of the leading centres of liberal education in the United States, on Friday defended controversial restrictions on protests and political parties at its new Singapore campus. Yale-NUS College, a partnership with the National University of Singapore, was launched with "full...(size: 3.4Kb)
Yale's Singapore campus 'a betrayal'
20 Jul 2012
The Australian
YALE University, one of the leading centres of liberal education in the United States, on Friday defended controversial restrictions on protests and political parties at its new Singapore campus. Yale-NUS College, a partnership with the National University of Singapore, was launched with "full...(size: 3.7Kb)
Foreign Policy
In a press release issued this morning, Human Rights Watch slammed Yale University, criticizing the administration for "betraying the spirit of the university as a center of open debate and protest by giving away the rights of its students." The statement indicts Yale's agreement to...(size: 2.2Kb)
Business Journal
A study conducted by professors at the Yale School of Management and Aalborg...(size: 0.5Kb)
"Yale" redirects here. For other uses, see Yale (disambiguation).
| Yale University | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Latin: Universitas Yalensis | |
| Motto | אורים ותמים (Hebrew) (Urim V'Tumim) Lux et veritas (Latin) |
| Motto in English | Light and truth |
| Established | 1701 |
| Type | Private |
| Endowment | US$ 19.4 billion (2011)[1] |
| President | Richard C. Levin |
| Academic staff | 3,619[2] |
| Students | 11,593 |
| Undergraduates | 5,275 |
| Postgraduates | 6,318 |
| Location | New Haven, Connecticut, United States |
| Campus | Urban, 837 acres (339 ha) including Yale Golf Course |
| Former names | Collegiate School (1701–1718) Yale College (1718–1887) |
| Colors | Yale Blue[3] |
| Athletics | NCAA Division I (FCS Football) Ivy League |
| Nickname | Bulldogs, Elis, Yalies[4][5][6] |
| Mascot | Handsome Dan |
| Affiliations | Ivy League AAU IARU |
| Website | yale.edu |
 |
|
Yale University is an American private Ivy League research university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
Incorporated as the "Collegiate School," the institution traces its roots to 17th-century clergymen who sought to establish a college to train clergy and political leaders for the colony. In 1718, the College was renamed "Yale College" to honor a gift from Elihu Yale, a governor of the British East India Company. In 1861, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences became the first U.S. school to award the PhD.[7] Yale became a founding member of the Association of American Universities in 1900. Yale College was transformed, beginning in the 1930s, through the establishment of residential colleges: 12 now exist and two more are planned. Yale employs over 1,100 faculty to teach and advise about 5,300 undergraduate and 6,100 graduate and professional students. Almost all tenured professors teach undergraduate courses, more than 2,000 of which are offered annually.[8][9]
The University's assets include a US $19.4 billion endowment,[10] the second-largest of any academic institution. Yale libraries hold 12.5 million volumes in more than two dozen libraries.[11] 49 Nobel Laureates have been affiliated with the University as students, faculty, and staff. Yale has produced many notable alumni, including five U.S. Presidents, 19 U.S. Supreme Court Justices, and several foreign heads of state. Yale Law School is particularly well-regarded and the most selective law school in the United States.[12]
Yalies compete intercollegiately as the Yale Bulldogs in the NCAA Division I Ivy League. Yale and Harvard University share a strong athletic rivalry, which traditionally culminates in The Game and the Harvard-Yale Regatta. The official color of the university and its athletic teams is Yale Blue.
Contents |
History[link]
Origins[link]
Yale traces its beginnings to "An Act for Liberty to Erect a Collegiate School", passed by the General Court of the Colony of Connecticut on October 9, 1701 in an effort to create an institution to train ministers and lay leadership for Connecticut. Soon thereafter, a group of ten Congregationalist ministers: Samuel Andrew, Thomas Buckingham, Israel Chauncy, Samuel Mather, James Noyes, James Pierpont, Abraham Pierson, Noadiah Russell, Joseph Webb and Timothy Woodbridge, all of whom were alumni of Harvard, met in the study of Reverend Samuel Russell in Branford, Connecticut, to pool their books to form the school's first library.[13] The group, led by James Pierpont, is now known as "The Founders".
Originally called the Collegiate School, the institution opened in the home of its first rector, Abraham Pierson,[14] in Killingworth (now Clinton). The school moved to Saybrook, and then Wethersfield. In 1718, the college moved to New Haven, Connecticut.
Meanwhile, a rift was forming at Harvard between its sixth president Increase Mather and the rest of the Harvard clergy, whom Mather viewed as increasingly liberal, ecclesiastically lax, and overly broad in Church polity. The feud caused the Mathers to champion the success of the Collegiate School in the hope that it would maintain the Puritan religious orthodoxy in a way that Harvard had not.[15]
In 1718, at the behest of either Rector Samuel Andrew or the colony's Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, Cotton Mather contacted a successful businessman in Wales named Elihu Yale to ask him for financial help in constructing a new building for the college. Through the persuasion of Jeremiah Dummer, Yale, who had made a fortune through trade while living in India as a representative of the East India Company, donated nine bales of goods, which were sold for more than £560, a substantial sum at the time. Yale also donated 417 books and a portrait of King George I. Cotton Mather suggested that the school change its name to Yale College in gratitude to its benefactor, and to increase the chances that he would give the college another large donation or bequest. Elihu Yale was away in India when the news of the school's name change reached his home in Wrexham, Wales, a trip from which he never returned. While he did ultimately leave his fortunes to the "Collegiate School within His Majesties Colony of Connecticot", the institution was never able to successfully lay claim to it.
Curriculum[link]
Yale was swept up by the great intellectual movements of the period—the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment—thanks to the religious and scientific interests of presidents Thomas Clap and Ezra Stiles. They were both instrumental in developing the scientific curriculum at Yale, while dealing with wars, student tumults, graffiti, "irrelevance" of curricula, desperate need for endowment, and fights with the Connecticut legislature.[16]
Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew words "Urim" and "Thummim" on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. Fortunately, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803,[17] for his efforts.
The Directed Studies program was founded for 125 first-year students as an interdisciplinary course encompassing great works of Western thought.
Students[link]
As the only college in Connecticut, Yale educated the sons of the elite.[18] Offenses for which students were punished included cardplaying, tavern-going, destruction of college property, and acts of disobedience to college authorities. During the period, Harvard was distinctive for the stability and maturity of its tutor corps, while Yale had youth and zeal on its side.[19]
The emphasis on classics gave rise to a number of private student societies, open only by invitation, which arose primarily as forums for discussions of modern scholarship, literature and politics. The first such organizations were debating societies: Crotonia in 1738, Linonia in 1753, and Brothers in Unity in 1768.[20]
19th century[link]
The Yale Report of 1828 was a dogmatic defense of the Latin and Greek curriculum against critics who wanted more courses in modern languages, mathematics, and science. Unlike higher education in Europe, there was no national curriculum for colleges and universities in the United States. In the competition for students and financial support, college leaders strove to keep current with demands for innovation. At the same time, they realized that a significant portion of their students and prospective students demanded a classical background. The Yale report meant the classics would not be abandoned. At the same time, all institutions experimented with changes in the curriculum, often resulting in a dual track. In the decentralized environment of higher education in the United States, balancing change with tradition was a common challenge because no one could afford to be completely modern or completely classical.[21] At the same time a group of professors at Yale and New Haven Congregationalist ministers articulated a conservative response to the changes brought about by the Victorian culture. They concentrated on developing a whole man possessed of religious values sufficiently strong to resist temptations from within, yet flexible enough to adjust to the 'isms' (professionalism, materialism, individualism, and consumerism) tempting him from without.[22] Perhaps the most well-remembered teacher was William Graham Sumner, professor from 1872 to 1909. He taught in the emerging disciplines of economics and sociology to overflowing classrooms. He bested President Noah Porter, who disliked social science and wanted Yale to lock into its traditions of classical education, 1879–81. Porter objected to Sumner's use of a textbook by Herbert Spencer that espoused agnostic materialism because it might intellectually, morally, and religiously harm students.[23]
Sports and debate[link]
The Revolutionary War hero Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who regretted he had but one life to lose for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1900) was an artist whose heroes gloried in combat and tests of strength in the Wild West. The fictional, turn-of-the-20th-century Yale man Frank Merriwell embodied the heroic ideal without racial prejudice, and his fictional successor Frank Stover in the novel Stover at Yale (1911) questioned the business mentality that had become prevalent at the school. Increasingly the students turned to athletic stars as their heroes, especially since winning the big game became the goal of the student body, and the alumni, as well as the team itself.[24]
Along with Harvard and Princeton, Yale students rejected elite British concepts about 'amateurism' in sports and constructed athletic programs that were uniquely American, such as football.[25] The Harvard–Yale football rivalry began in 1875.
Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in the first intercollegiate debate, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.[26]
In 1909–10, football faced a crisis resulting from the failure of the previous reforms of 1905–06 to solve the problem of serious injuries. There was a mood of alarm and mistrust, and, while the crisis was developing, the presidents of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton developed a project to reform the sport and forestall possible radical changes forced by government upon the sport. President Arthur Hadley of Yale, A. Lawrence Lowell of Harvard, and Woodrow Wilson of Princeton worked to develop moderate changes to reduce injuries. Their attempts, however, were reduced by rebellion against the rules committee and formation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association. The big three had tried to operate independently of the majority, but changes did reduce injuries.[27]
Expansion[link]
Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847),[28] and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency of Timothy Dwight V, Yale College was renamed Yale University. The university would later add the Yale School of Music (1894), Yale School of Forestry & Environmental Studies (founded by Gifford Pinchot in 1901), Yale School of Public Health (1915), Yale School of Nursing (1923), Yale School of Drama (1955), Yale Physician Associate Program (1973), and Yale School of Management (1976). It would also reorganize its relationship with the Sheffield Scientific School.
Expansion caused controversy about Yale's new roles. Noah Porter, moral philosopher, was president from 1871 to 1886. During an age of tremendous expansion in higher education, Porter resisted the rise of the new research university, claiming that an eager embrace of its ideals would corrupt undergraduate education. Many of Porter's contemporaries criticized his administration, and historians since have disparaged his leadership. Levesque[29] argues Porter was not a simple-minded reactionary, uncritically committed to tradition, but a principled and selective conservative. He did not endorse everything old or reject everything new; rather, he sought to apply long-established ethical and pedagogical principles to a rapidly changing culture. He may have misunderstood some of the challenges of his time, but he correctly anticipated the enduring tensions that have accompanied the emergence and growth of the modern university.
File:PostcardNewHavenCTYaleUBirdsEye1911.jpg
Aerial view from the south, 1906
20th century[link]
Behavioral sciences[link]
Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology. The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation officers who aimed to "improve mankind" under an informal, loosely defined human engineering effort. The behavioral scientists at Yale, led by President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes, tapped into foundation largesse by crafting research programs aimed to investigate, then suggest, ways to control, sexual and social behavior. For example, Yerkes analyzed chimpanzee sexual behavior in hopes of illuminating the evolutionary underpinnings of human development and providing information that could ameliorate dysfunction. Ultimately, the behavioral-science results disappointed foundation officers, who shifted their human-engineering funds toward biological sciences.[30]
Biology[link]
Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research.[31]
Medicine[link]
Milton Winternitz led Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935. An innovative, even maverick, leader, he not only kept the school from going under but also turned it into a first-class research institution. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer exams, and strengthened the full-time faculty system; he also created the graduate-level Yale School of Nursing and the Psychiatry Department, built numerous new buildings, and accomplished much more. Progress toward his plans for an Institute of Human Relations, envisioned as a refuge where social scientists would collaborate with biological scientists in a holistic study of humankind, unfortunately lasted for only a few years before the opposition of resentful anti-Semitic colleagues drove him to resign.[32]
Faculty[link]
Before World War II, most elite university faculties counted among their numbers few, if any, Jews, blacks, women, or other minorities; Yale was no exception. By 1980, this condition had been altered dramatically, as numerous members of those groups held faculty positions.[33]
History and American Studies[link]
The American studies program reflected the worldwide anti-Communist ideological struggle. Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty. Popular among undergraduates, the program sought to instruct them in the fundamentals of American civilization and thereby instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose.[34] Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William R. Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming. Coe was concerned to celebrate the 'values' of the Western United States in order to meet the "threat of communism."[35]
Women[link]
Women studied at Yale University as early as 1876, in graduate-level programs at the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences.
In 1966, Yale began discussions with its sister school Vassar College about merging to foster coeducation at the undergraduate level. Vassar, then all-female, declined the invitation. Both schools introduced coeducation independently in 1969.[36] Amy Solomon was the first woman to register as a Yale undergraduate;[37] she was also the first woman at Yale to join an undergraduate society, St. Anthony Hall.
A decade into co-education, rampant student assault and harassment by faculty became the impetus for the trailblazing lawsuit Alexander v. Yale. While unsuccessful in the courts, the legal reasoning behind the case changed the landscape of sex discrimination law and resulted in the establishment of Yale's Grievance Board and the Yale Women's Center.[38] In March 2011 a Title IX complaint was filed against Yale.[39]
Class[link]
Yale, like other Ivy League schools, instituted policies in the early 20th century designed artificially to increase the proportion of white Protestants of notable families in the student body (see numerus clausus), and was one of the last of the Ivies to eliminate such preferences, beginning with the class of 1970.[40]
Town-gown relations[link]
Yale has a complicated relationship with its home city; for example, thousands of students volunteer every year in a myriad of community organizations, but city officials, who decry Yale's exemption from local property taxes, have long pressed the university to do more to help. Under President Levin, Yale has financially supported many of New Haven's efforts to reinvigorate the city. Evidence suggests that the town and gown relationships are mutually beneficial. Still, the economic power of the university increased dramatically with its financial success amid a decline in the local economy.[41]
Yale in the 21st century[link]
In 2007, Yale President Rick Levin characterized Yale's institutional priorities: "First, among the nation's finest research universities, Yale is distinctively committed to excellence in undergraduate education. Second, in our graduate and professional schools, as well as in Yale College, we are committed to the education of leaders."[42]
The Boston Globe wrote that "if there's one school that can lay claim to educating the nation's top national leaders over the past three decades, it's Yale."[43] Yale alumni were represented on the Democratic or Republican ticket in every U.S. Presidential election between 1972 and 2004. Yale-educated Presidents since the end of the Vietnam War include Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton, and George W. Bush, and major-party nominees during this period include John Kerry (2004), Joseph Lieberman (Vice President, 2000), and Sargent Shriver (Vice President, 1972). Other Yale alumni who made serious bids for the Presidency during this period include Hillary Rodham Clinton (2008), Howard Dean (2004), Gary Hart (1984 and 1988), Paul Tsongas (1992), Pat Robertson (1988) and Jerry Brown (1976, 1980, 1992).
Several explanations have been offered for Yale’s representation in national elections since the end of the Vietnam War. Various sources note the spirit of campus activism that has existed at Yale since the 1960s, and the intellectual influence of Reverend William Sloane Coffin on many of the future candidates.[44] Yale President Richard Levin attributes the run to Yale’s focus on creating "a laboratory for future leaders," an institutional priority that began during the tenure of Yale Presidents Alfred Whitney Griswold and Kingman Brewster.[44] Richard H. Brodhead, former dean of Yale College and now president of Duke University, stated: "We do give very significant attention to orientation to the community in our admissions, and there is a very strong tradition of volunteerism at Yale."[43] Yale historian Gaddis Smith notes "an ethos of organized activity" at Yale during the 20th century that led John Kerry to lead the Yale Political Union's Liberal Party, George Pataki the Conservative Party, and Joseph Lieberman to manage the Yale Daily News.[45] Camille Paglia points to a history of networking and elitism: "It has to do with a web of friendships and affiliations built up in school."[46] CNN suggests that George W. Bush benefited from preferential admissions policies for the "son and grandson of alumni," and for a "member of a politically influential family."[47] New York Times correspondent Elisabeth Bumiller and The Atlantic Monthly correspondent James Fallows credit the culture of community and cooperation that exists between students, faculty, and administration, which downplays self-interest and reinforces commitment to others.[48]
During the 1988 presidential election, George H. W. Bush (Yale '48) derided Michael Dukakis for having "foreign-policy views born in Harvard Yard's boutique." When challenged on the distinction between Dukakis's Harvard connection and his own Yale background, he said that, unlike Harvard, Yale's reputation was "so diffuse, there isn't a symbol, I don't think, in the Yale situation, any symbolism in it" and said Yale did not share Harvard's reputation for "liberalism and elitism".[49][50] In 2004, Howard Dean stated, "In some ways, I consider myself separate from the other three (Yale) candidates of 2004. Yale changed so much between the class of '68 and the class of '71. My class was the first class to have women in it; it was the first class to have a significant effort to recruit African Americans. It was an extraordinary time, and in that span of time is the change of an entire generation".[51]
In 2009, former British Prime Minister Tony Blair picked Yale as one location – the others are Britain's Durham University and Universiti Teknologi Mara – for the Tony Blair Faith Foundation's United States Faith and Globalization Initiative.[52] As of 2009, former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo is the director of the Yale Center for the Study of Globalization and teaches an undergraduate seminar, "Debating Globalization".[53] As of 2009, former presidential candidate and DNC chair Howard Dean teaches a residential college seminar, "Understanding Politics and Politicians."[54] Also, in 2009, an alliance was formed between Yale, University College London and both schools’ affiliated hospital complexes to conduct research focused on the direct improvement of patient care—a growing field known as translational medicine. President Richard Levin noted that Yale has hundreds of other partnerships across the world, but "no existing collaboration matches the scale of the new partnership with UCL."[55]
Administration and organization[link]
The President and Fellows of Yale College, also known as the Yale Corporation, is the governing board of the University.
Yale's president Richard C. Levin is one of the highest paid university presidents in the United States with a 2008 salary of $1.5 million.[56]
The Yale Provost's Office has launched several women into prominent university presidencies. In 1977, Hanna Holborn Gray was appointed acting President of Yale from this position, and went on to become President of the University of Chicago, the first woman to be full president of a major university. In 1994, Yale Provost Judith Rodin became the first female president of an Ivy League institution at the University of Pennsylvania. In 2002, Provost Alison Richard became the Vice Chancellor of the University of Cambridge. In 2004, Provost Susan Hockfield became the President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 2007, Deputy Provost Kim Bottomly was named President of Wellesley College.
In 2008, Provost Andrew Hamilton was confirmed to be the Vice Chancellor of the University of Oxford.[57] Former Dean of Yale College Richard H. Brodhead serves as the President of Duke University.
Staff and labor unions[link]
Main article: Federation of Hospital and University Employees
Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of Unite Here and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU.[58] In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees.[59] Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.[60]
Yale has a history of difficult and prolonged labor negotiations, often culminating in strikes.[61] There have been at least eight strikes since 1968, and The New York Times wrote that Yale has a reputation as having the worst record of labor tension of any university in the U.S.[62] Yale's unusually large endowment exacerbates the tension over wages. Moreover, Yale has been accused of failing to treat workers with respect.[63] In a 2003 strike, however, the university claimed that more union employees were working than striking.[64] Professor David Graeber was 'retired' after he came to the defense of a student who was involved in campus labor issues.[65]
Campus[link]
File:Yale law school.JPG
Yale Law School
Yale's central campus in downtown New Haven covers 260 acres (1.1 km2). An additional 500 acres (2.0 km2) includes the Yale golf course and nature preserves in rural Connecticut and Horse Island.[66]
Yale is noted for its largely Collegiate Gothic campus[67] as well as for several iconic modern buildings commonly discussed in architectural history survey courses: Louis Kahn's Yale Art Gallery[68] and Center for British Art, Eero Saarinen's Ingalls Rink and Ezra Stiles and Morse Colleges, and Paul Rudolph's Art & Architecture Building. Yale also owns and has restored many noteworthy 19th-century mansions along Hillhouse Avenue, which was considered the most beautiful street in America by Charles Dickens when he visited the United States in the 1840s.
Many of Yale's buildings were constructed in the Collegiate Gothic architecture style from 1917 to 1931, financed largely by Edward S. Harkness[69] Stone sculpture built into the walls of the buildings portray contemporary college personalities such as a writer, an athlete, a tea-drinking socialite, and a student who has fallen asleep while reading. Similarly, the decorative friezes on the buildings depict contemporary scenes such as policemen chasing a robber and arresting a prostitute (on the wall of the Law School), or a student relaxing with a mug of beer and a cigarette. The architect, James Gamble Rogers, faux-aged these buildings by splashing the walls with acid,[70] deliberately breaking their leaded glass windows and repairing them in the style of the Middle Ages, and creating niches for decorative statuary but leaving them empty to simulate loss or theft over the ages. In fact, the buildings merely simulate Middle Ages architecture, for though they appear to be constructed of solid stone blocks in the authentic manner, most actually have steel framing as was commonly used in 1930. One exception is Harkness Tower, 216 feet (66 m) tall, which was originally a free-standing stone structure. It was reinforced in 1964 to allow the installation of the Yale Memorial Carillon.
Other examples of the Gothic (also called neo-Gothic and collegiate Gothic) style are on Old Campus by such architects as Henry Austin, Charles C. Haight and Russell Sturgis. Several are associated with members of the Vanderbilt family, including Vanderbilt Hall,[71] Phelps Hall,[72] St. Anthony Hall (a commission for member Frederick William Vanderbilt), the Mason, Sloane and Osborn laboratories, dormitories for the Sheffield Scientific School (the engineering and sciences school at Yale until 1956) and elements of Silliman College, the largest residential college.[73]
File:NathanHaleStatue.jpg
Statue of Nathan Hale in front of Connecticut Hall
The oldest building on campus, Connecticut Hall (built in 1750), is in the Georgian style. Georgian-style buildings erected from 1929 to 1933 include Timothy Dwight College, Pierson College, and Davenport College, except the latter's east, York Street façade, which was constructed in the Gothic style.
The Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, designed by Gordon Bunshaft of Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill, is one of the largest buildings in the world reserved exclusively for the preservation of rare books and manuscripts.[74] It is located near the center of the University in Hewitt Quadrangle, which is now more commonly referred to as "Beinecke Plaza".
The library's six-story above-ground tower of book stacks is surrounded by a windowless rectangular building with walls made of translucent Vermont marble, which transmit subdued lighting to the interior and provide protection from direct light, while glowing from within after dark.
The sculptures in the sunken courtyard by Isamu Noguchi are said to represent time (the pyramid), the sun (the circle), and chance (the cube).
Alumnus Eero Saarinen, Finnish-American architect of such notable structures as the Gateway Arch in St. Louis, Washington Dulles International Airport main terminal, Bell Labs Holmdel Complex and the CBS Building in Manhattan, designed Ingalls Rink at Yale and the newest residential colleges of Ezra Stiles and Morse. These latter were modelled after the medieval Italian hilltown of San Gimignano – a prototype chosen for the town's pedestrian-friendly milieu and fortress-like stone towers. These tower forms at Yale act in counterpoint to the college's many Gothic spires and Georgian cupolas.[75]
Yale's Office of Sustainability develops and implements sustainability practices at Yale.[76] Yale is committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions 10% below 1990 levels by the year 2020. As part of this commitment, the university allocates renewable energy credits to offset some of the energy used by residential colleges.[77] Eleven campus buildings are candidates for LEED design and certification.[78] Yale Sustainable Food Project initiated the introduction of local, organic vegetables, fruits, and beef to all residential college dining halls.[79] Yale was listed as a Campus Sustainability Leader on the Sustainable Endowments Institute’s College Sustainability Report Card 2008, and received a “B+” grade overall.[80]
Notable nonresidential campus buildings[link]
Notable nonresidential campus buildings and landmarks include Battell Chapel, Beinecke Rare Book Library, Harkness Tower, Ingalls Rink, Kline Biology Tower, Osborne Memorial Laboratories, Payne Whitney Gymnasium, Peabody Museum of Natural History, Sterling Hall of Medicine, Sterling Law Buildings, Sterling Memorial Library, Woolsey Hall, Yale Center for British Art, Yale University Art Gallery, and Yale Art & Architecture Building.
Yale's secret society buildings (some of which are called "tombs") were built both to be private yet unmistakable. A diversity of architectural styles is represented: Berzelius, Donn Barber in an austere cube with classical detailing (erected in 1908 or 1910); Book and Snake, Louis R. Metcalfe in a Greek Ionic style (erected in 1901); Elihu, architect unknown but built in a Colonial style (constructed on an early 17th century foundation although the building is from the 18th century); Mace and Chain, in a late colonial, early Victorian style (built in 1823). Interior moulding is said to have belonged to Benedict Arnold; Manuscript Society, King Lui-Wu with Dan Kniley responsible for landscaping and Josef Albers for the brickwork intaglio mural. Building constructed in a mid-century modern style; Scroll and Key, Richard Morris Hunt in a Moorish- or Islamic-inspired Beaux-Arts style (erected 1869–70); Skull and Bones, possibly Alexander Jackson Davis or Henry Austin in an Egypto-Doric style utilizing Brownstone (in 1856 the first wing was completed, in 1903 the second wing, 1911 the Neo-Gothic towers in rear garden were completed); St. Elmo, (former tomb) Kenneth M. Murchison, 1912, designs inspired by Elizabethan manor. Current location, brick colonial; and Wolf's Head, Bertram Grosvenor Goodhue (erected 1923-4).
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The Starr Reading Room
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Harkness Tower
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The Library Circulation Desk
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Memorial Chapel on Yale's Old Campus
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The Yale School of Management
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Yale School of Architecture
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Yale School of Forestry
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Old campus2.jpg
Connecticut Hall
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Yale Peabody Museum
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The Yale Bowl
Campus safety[link]
In addition to the Yale University Police Department, founded in 1894,[81] a variety of safety services are available including blue phones, a safety escort, and a shuttle service.[82]
In the 1970s and 1980s, poverty and violent crime rose in New Haven, dampening Yale's student and faculty recruiting efforts.[83] Between 1990 and 2006, New Haven's crime rate fell by half, helped by a community policing strategy by the New Haven police and Yale's campus became the safest among the Ivy League and other peer schools.[84] Nonetheless, across the board, the city of New Haven has retained the highest levels of crime of any Ivy League city for more than a decade.[85]
In 2002–04, Yale reported 14 violent crimes (homicide, aggravated assault, or sex offenses), when Harvard reported 83 such incidents, Princeton 24, and Stanford 54. The incidence of nonviolent crime (burglary, arson, and motor vehicle theft) was also lower than most of its peer schools.
In 2004, a national non-profit watchdog group called Security on Campus filed a complaint with the Department of Education, accusing Yale of under-reporting rape and sexual assaults.[86][87]
Academics[link]
Admissions[link]
For the Class of 2016, Yale accepted 1,975 students out of a record 28,975 total applications, hitting a record-low acceptance of 6.8%.[88]
The university is one of only seven institutions of higher education in the world that is need blind and full-need to all of its applicants, including international students.[89] Through its program of need-based financial aid, Yale commits to meet the full demonstrated financial need of all applicants, and more than 50% of Yale students receive financial assistance. Most financial aid is in the form of grants and scholarships that do not need to be paid back to the university, and the average scholarship for the 2011–2012 school year was $35,400. More than 750 students in Yale College are expected to have $0 parental contribution.
Half of all Yale undergraduates are women, more than 30% are minorities, and 8% are international students. Fifty-five percent attended public schools and 45% attended private, religious, or international schools.[90] In addition, Yale College admits a small group of nontraditional students each year, through the Eli Whitney Students Program.
Collections[link]
_by_Vincent_van_Gogh.jpeg)
Yale University Library, which holds over 12 million volumes, is the second-largest university collection in the United States.[91] The main library, Sterling Memorial Library, contains about four million volumes, and other holdings are dispersed at subject libraries.
Rare books are found in a number of Yale collections. The Beinecke Rare Book Library has a large collection of rare books and manuscripts. The Harvey Cushing/John Hay Whitney Medical Library includes important historical medical texts, including an impressive collection of rare books, as well as historical medical instruments. The Lewis Walpole Library contains the largest collection of 18th-century British literary works. The Elizabethan Club, technically a private organization, makes its Elizabethan folios and first editions available to qualified researchers through Yale.
Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery is the country's first university-affiliated art museum. It contains more than 180,000 works, including old masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-scale American work (1953), was renovated and reopened in December 2006. The Yale Center for British Art, the largest collection of British art outside of the UK, grew from a gift of Paul Mellon and is housed in another Kahn-designed building.
The Peabody Museum of Natural History in New Haven is used by school children and contains research collections in anthropology, archaeology, and the natural environment. The Yale University Collection of Musical Instruments, affiliated with the Yale School of Music, is perhaps the least well-known of Yale's collections, because its hours of opening are restricted.
The museums also house the artifacts brought to the United States from Peru by Yale history professor Hiram Bingham in his expedition to Machu Picchu in 1912 – when the removal of such artifacts was legal. Peru would now like to have the items returned; Yale has so far declined.[92] In November 2010, a Yale University representative agreed to return the artifacts to a Peruvian university.[93]
University rankings[link]
| University rankings (overall) | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| ARWU[94] | 9 |
| Forbes[95] | 14 |
| U.S. News & World Report[96] | 3 |
| Washington Monthly[97] | 23 |
| Global | |
| ARWU[98] | 11 |
| QS[99] | 4 |
| Times[100] | 10 |
The 'U.S. News & World Report' ranked Yale third among national universities in 2012, as it has for each of the past fifteen years, in every case behind, in either order or tied, Princeton and Harvard.[101] It was ranked fourth in the 2011 QS World University Rankings and tenth in the 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[102][103] (In 2010 Times Higher Education World University Rankings and QS World University Rankings parted ways to produce separate rankings.) Yale had featured in the top five for each of the past four years. The same ranking also named Yale as the fifth best university in the world for arts and humanities. Shanghai Jiao Tong University’s Academic Ranking of World Universities, placed Yale at 11 in 2010. ARWU also ranked Yale 25th in Natural Sciences and Mathematics, 76–100th in Engineering/Technology and Computer Sciences, 9th in Life and Agriculture Sciences, 21st in Clinical Medicine and Pharmacy and 8th in Social Sciences worldwide.[104]
Faculty, research, and intellectual traditions[link]
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This article is missing information about research expenditures, government support, physical research plant, notable faculty, notable research programs or groups. This concern has been noted on the talk page where whether or not to include such information may be discussed. (May 2009) |
The college is, after normalization for institution size, the tenth-largest baccalaureate source of doctoral degree recipients in the United States, and the largest such source within the Ivy League.[105]
Yale's English and Comparative Literature departments were part of the New Criticism movement. Of the New Critics, Robert Penn Warren, W.K. Wimsatt, and Cleanth Brooks were all Yale faculty. Later, the Yale Comparative literature department became a center of American deconstruction. Jacques Derrida, the father of deconstruction, taught at the Department of Comparative Literature from the late seventies to mid-1980s. Several other Yale faculty members were also associated with deconstruction, forming the so-called "Yale School". These included Paul de Man who taught in the Departments of Comparative Literature and French, J. Hillis Miller, Geoffrey Hartman (both taught in the Departments of English and Comparative Literature), and Harold Bloom (English), whose theoretical position was always somewhat specific, and who ultimately took a very different path from the rest of this group. Yale's history department has also originated important intellectual trends. Historians C. Vann Woodward and David Brion Davis are credited with beginning in the 1960s and 1970s an important stream of southern historians; likewise, David Montgomery, a labor historian, advised many of the current generation of labor historians in the country. Yale's Music School and Department fostered the growth of Music Theory in the latter half of the 20th century. The Journal of Music Theory was founded there in 1957; Allen Forte and David Lewin were influential teachers and scholars.
Since summer 2010, Yale has also been host to Yale Publishing Course.
Campus life[link]
Yale is a medium-sized research university, most of whose students are in the graduate and professional schools. Undergraduates, or Yale College students, come from a variety of ethnic, national, and socio-economic backgrounds. Of the 2010–2011 freshman class, 10% are non-U.S. citizens, while 54% went to public high schools.[106] Yale is also an open campus for the gay community.[107][108] Its active LGBT community first received wide publicity in the late 1980s, when Yale obtained a reputation as the "gay Ivy," due largely to a 1987 Wall Street Journal article written by Julie V. Iovine, an alumna and the spouse of a Yale faculty member. During the same year, the University hosted a national conference on gay and lesbian studies and established the Lesbian and Gay Studies Center.[109] The slogan "One in Four, Maybe More" was coined by the campus gay community. While the community in the 1980s and early 1990s was very activist, today most LGBT events have become part of the general campus social scene.[110] For example, the annual LGBT Co-op Dance attracts straight as well as gay students.
Residential colleges[link]
Main article: Residential colleges of Yale University
Yale has a system of 12 residential colleges, instituted in 1933 through a grant by Yale graduate Edward S. Harkness, who admired the college systems at Oxford and Cambridge. Each college has a Dean, Master, affiliated faculty, and resident Fellows. Each college also features distinctive architecture, secluded courtyards, a commons room, meeting rooms/classrooms, and a dining hall; in addition some have chapels, libraries, squash courts, pool tables, short order dining counters, cafes, or darkrooms. Each college at Yale offers its own seminars, social events, and Master's Teas, and most of them are open to students from other residential colleges. However, Yale remains a unitary university, while Oxford and Cambridge colleges are self-governed charitable institutions in their own right.
All of Yale's 2,000 undergraduate courses are open to members of any college.
The dominant architecture of the residential colleges is Neo-Gothic, in line with the characteristic architecture of the university. Several colleges have other period architecture, such as Georgian and Federal, and the two most recent (Morse and Ezra Stiles) have modernist concrete exteriors.
Students are assigned to a residential college in their freshman year. Only two residential colleges (Silliman and Timothy Dwight) house freshmen. The majority of on-campus freshmen live on the "Old Campus", an extensive quadrangle formed by older buildings. Each residential college has its own dining hall, but students are permitted to eat in any residential college dining hall or the large dining facility called "Commons."
Residential colleges are named for important figures or places in university history or notable alumni.
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Berkeley College
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Branford College
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Calhoun College
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Davenport College
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Jonathan Edwards College Winter 2004.jpg
Jonathan Edwards College
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MainCourtyard.jpg
Trumbull College
_at_Yale.jpg)
List of residential colleges[link]
This is a list of residential colleges at Yale.[111]
- Berkeley College, named for the Rt. Rev. George Berkeley (1685–1753), early benefactor of Yale.[112]
- Branford College, named for Branford, Connecticut, where Yale was briefly located.[113]
- Calhoun College, named for John C. Calhoun, vice-president and influential member of Congress of the United States.[114]
- Davenport College, named for Rev. John Davenport, the founder of New Haven. Often called "D'port".[115]
- Ezra Stiles College, named for the Rev. Ezra Stiles, a president of Yale. Generally called "Stiles," despite an early-1990s crusade by then-master Traugott Lawler to preserve the use of the full name in everyday speech. Its buildings were designed by Eero Saarinen.[116]
- Jonathan Edwards College, named for theologian, Yale alumnus, and Princeton co-founder Jonathan Edwards. Generally called "J.E." The oldest of the residential colleges, J.E. is the only college with an independent endowment, the Jonathan Edwards Trust.[117]
- Morse College, named for Samuel F. B. Morse, inventor of Morse code and the telegraph. Also designed by Eero Saarinen.[118]
- Pierson College, named for Yale's first rector, Abraham Pierson.[119] A statue of Abraham Pierson stands on Yale's Old Campus.[120]
- Saybrook College, named for Old Saybrook, Connecticut, the town in which Yale was founded.[121]
- Silliman College, named for noted scientist and Yale professor Benjamin Silliman. About half of its structures were originally part of the Sheffield Scientific School.[122]
- Timothy Dwight College, named for the two Yale presidents of that name, Timothy Dwight IV and Timothy Dwight V. Often abbreviated "T.D."[123]
- Trumbull College, named for Jonathan Trumbull, first Governor of Connecticut.[124]
In 1998, Yale launched a series of extensive renovations to the older residential buildings, which in many decades of existence had seen only routine maintenance and incremental improvements to plumbing, heating, and electrical and network wiring. Many of these renovations have now been completed, and among other improvements, renovated colleges feature newly built basement facilities including snack bars called "butteries," game rooms, theaters, athletic facilities, fine arts studios, and music practice rooms.
In June 2008, President Levin announced that the Yale Corporation had authorized the construction of two new residential colleges, scheduled to open in 2013. The additional colleges, to be built in the northern part of the campus, will allow for expanded admission and a reduction of crowding in the existing residential colleges.[125] Designs have been released, and some public controversy has surfaced over Yale's decision to demolish a number of historic buildings on the site, including a recently constructed library, in order to clear it for the $600 million new structures.[126]
Student organizations[link]
Main article: List of Yale University student organizations
The university hosts a variety of student journals, magazines, and newspapers. The latter categories include the Yale Daily News, which was first published in 1878, the weekly Yale Herald, published since 1986, and The Yale Record, which was established in 1872 and is America's oldest college humor magazine. Dwight Hall, an independent, non-profit community service organization, oversees more than 2,000 Yale undergraduates working on more than 70 community service initiatives in New Haven. The Yale College Council runs several agencies that oversee campus wide activities and student services. The Yale Dramatic Association and Bulldog Productions cater to the theater and film communities, respectively. In addition, the Yale Drama Coalition serves to coordinate between and provide resources for the various Sudler Fund sponsored theater productions which run each weekend.
The Yale Political Union is advised by alumni political leaders such as John Kerry and George Pataki. The Yale International Relations Association functions as the umbrella organization for the top-ranked Model UN team.
The campus also includes several fraternities and sororities. The campus features at least 18 a cappella groups, the most famous of which is The Whiffenpoofs, who are unusual among college singing groups in being made up solely of senior men.
Yale's secret societies include Skull and Bones, Scroll and Key, Wolf's Head, Book and Snake, Elihu, Berzelius, St. Elmo, Manuscript, and Mace and Chain. The two oldest existing honor societies are the Aurelian (1910) and the Torch Honor Society (1916).[127]
The Elizabethan Club, a social club, has a membership of undergraduates, graduates, faculty and staff with literary or artistic interests. Membership is by invitation. Members and their guests may enter the "Lizzie's" premises for conversation and tea. The club owns first editions of a Shakespeare Folio, several Shakespeare Quartos, a first edition of Milton's Paradise Lost, among other important literary texts.
Traditions[link]
Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years".[128] ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rhein.) Yale's student tour guides tell visitors that students consider it good luck to rub the toe of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey on Old Campus. Actual students rarely do so.[129] In the second half of the twentieth century Bladderball, a campus-wide game played with a large inflatable ball, became a popular tradition but was banned by administration due to safety concerns. In spite of administration opposition, students revived the game in 2009 and 2011, but its future remains uncertain.[130]
Athletics[link]
Main article: Yale Bulldogs
Yale supports 35 varsity athletic teams that compete in the Ivy League Conference, the Eastern College Athletic Conference, the New England Intercollegiate Sailing Association. Yale athletic teams compete intercollegiately at the NCAA Division I level. Like other members of the Ivy League, Yale does not offer athletic scholarships.
Yale has numerous athletic facilities, including the Yale Bowl (the nation's first natural "bowl" stadium, and prototype for such stadiums as the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl), located at The Walter Camp Field athletic complex, and the Payne Whitney Gymnasium, the second-largest indoor athletic complex in the world.[131] October 21, 2000 marked the dedication of Yale's fourth new boathouse in 157 years of collegiate rowing. The Richard Gilder Boathouse is named to honor former Olympic rower Virginia Gilder '79 and her father Richard Gilder '54, who gave $4 million towards the $7.5 million project. Yale also maintains the Gales Ferry site where the heavyweight men's team trains for the Yale-Harvard Boat Race.
Yale crew is the oldest collegiate athletic team in America, and won Olympic Games Gold Medal for men's eights in 1924 and 1956. The Yale Corinthian Yacht Club, founded in 1881, is the oldest collegiate sailing club in the world.
In 1896, Yale and Johns Hopkins played the first known ice hockey game in the United States. Since 2006, the school's ice hockey clubs have played a commemorative game.[132]
For kicks, between 1954 and 1982, residential college teams and student organizations played bladderball.[133]
Yale students claim to have invented Frisbee, by tossing empty Frisbie Pie Company tins.[134][135]
Song[link]
Notable among the songs commonly played and sung at events such as commencement, convocation, alumni gatherings, and athletic games are the alma mater, "Bright College Years", and the Yale fight song, "Down the Field."
Two other fight songs, "Bulldog, Bulldog" and "Bingo Eli Yale", written by Cole Porter during his undergraduate days, are still sung at football games. Another fight song sung at games is "Boola Boola". According to “College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology” published in 1998, “Down the Field” ranks as the fourth-greatest fight song of all time.[136]
Mascot[link]
The school mascot is "Handsome Dan", the known Yale bulldog, and the Yale fight song (written by Cole Porter while he was a student at Yale) contains the refrain, "Bulldog, bulldog, bow wow wow." The school color, since 1894, is Yale Blue[137]. Yale's Handsome Dan is believed to be the first college mascot in America, having been established in 1889.[138]
Yale athletics are supported by the Yale Precision Marching Band. Precision is used here ironically; the band is a scatter-style band that runs wildly between formations rather than actually marching.[139] The band attends every home football game and many away, as well as most hockey and basketball games throughout the winter.
Yale intramural sports are also a significant aspect of student life. Students compete for their respective residential colleges, fostering a friendly rivalry. The year is divided into fall, winter, and spring seasons, each of which includes about ten different sports. About half the sports are coeducational. At the end of the year, the residential college with the most points (not all sports count equally) wins the Tyng Cup.
Notable people[link]
Benefactors[link]
Yale has had many financial supporters, but some stand out by the magnitude or timeliness of their contributions. Among those who have made large donations commemorated at the university are: Elihu Yale; Jeremiah Dummer; the Harkness family (Edward, Anna, and William); the Beinecke family (Edwin, Frederick, and Walter); John William Sterling; Payne Whitney; Joseph E. Sheffield, Paul Mellon, Charles B. G. Murphy and William K. Lanman. The Yale Class of 1954, led by Richard Gilder, donated $70 million in commemoration of their 50th reunion.[140]
Notable alumni and faculty[link]
Main article: List of Yale University people
Yale has produced alumni distinguished in their respective fields. Among the best-known are U.S. Presidents William Howard Taft, Gerald Ford, George H.W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; Italian premier Mario Monti; Supreme Court Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Samuel Alito and Clarence Thomas; U.S. Secretaries of State Hillary Rodham Clinton, Cyrus Vance, and Dean Acheson; Democratic Presidential nominee John Kerry; authors Sinclair Lewis, Stephen Vincent Benét, and Tom Wolfe; lexicographer Noah Webster; inventors Samuel F.B. Morse and Eli Whitney; patriot and "first spy" Nathan Hale; theologian Jonathan Edwards; Academy Award winning actors and directors Paul Newman, Vincent Price, Meryl Streep, Jodie Foster, Frances McDormand, Angela Bassett, Elia Kazan, George Roy Hill, Oliver Stone, and Michael Cimino; "Father of American football" Walter Camp; composers Charles Ives and Cole Porter; Peace Corps founder Sargent Shriver; child psychologist Benjamin Spock; sculptor Richard Serra; film critic Gene Siskel; television commentators Dick Cavett and Anderson Cooper; pundits William F. Buckley, Jr., and Fareed Zakaria; Time Magazine co-founder Henry Luce; President of Mexico Ernesto Zedillo; President of the Federal Republic of Germany Karl Carstens; Philippines President José Paciano Laurel; Nobel Laureate in Economics and popular book author Paul Krugman; inventor of the cyclotron and Nobel Laureate in Physics, Ernest Lawrence; director of the Human Genome Project, Francis S. Collins; economist Irving Fischer, "The Father of Monetarism"; mathematician and chemist Josiah Willard Gibbs; Morgan Stanley founder Harold Stanley; Boeing CEO James McNerney; FedEx founder Frederick W. Smith; Turkish prime minister Tansu Çiller; Time Warner president Jeffrey Bewkes; Electronic Arts co-founder Bing Gordon; architects Eero Saarinen and Norman Foster.
Yale in fiction and popular culture[link]
Further information: List of Yale University people and Yale in popular culture
Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society[141] and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Yale, follows the college career of Dink Stover[142] and Frank Merriwell, the model for all later juvenile sports fiction, plays football, baseball, crew, and track at Yale while solving mysteries and righting wrongs.[143][144]
Notes and references[link]
- ^ "Investment Return of 21.9% Brings Yale Endowment Value to $19.4 Billion". Yale Daily Bulletin. September 28, 2011. http://dailybulletin.yale.edu/article.aspx?id=8925. Retrieved September 28, 2011.
- ^ "Yale Facts | Yale". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/about/facts.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Yale University – Identity Guidelines". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/printer/identity/yaleblue.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Fitzgerald, F. Scott (1920), This Side of Paradise, chapter 2: "half-a-dozen seats were kept from sale and occupied by six of the worst-looking vagabonds that could be hired from the streets... At the moment in the show where Firebrand, the Pirate Chief, pointed at his black flag and said, "I am a Yale graduate – note my Skull and Bones!" – at this very moment the six vagabonds were instructed to rise conspicuously and leave the theatre with looks of deep melancholy and an injured dignity. It was claimed though never proved that on one occasion the hired Elis were swelled by one of the real thing."
- ^ Kanya Balakrishna (November 20, 2006). "Five Elis win Rhodes". Yale Daily News. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012002502/http://yaledailynews.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=34429. Retrieved December 31, 2006. , "Four Yale undergraduates and one student from the Graduate School are among the 32 students around the country to receive Rhodes scholarships this year.
- ^ Mark Alden Branch (February 2003). "The Ten Greatest Yalies Who Never Were". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/03_02/fictional.html. Retrieved February 26, 2006.
- ^ "Academic programs | Yale". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/schools/index.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Lu, Carmen (October 15, 2009). "Undergraduate teaching requirement a myth". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/university-news/2009/10/15/undergraduate-teaching-requirement-myth/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Yale.edu[dead link]
- ^ Conroy, Tom (September 28, 2011). "YaleNews | Investment Return of 21.9% Brings Yale Endowment Value to $19.4 Billion". Dailybulletin.yale.edu. http://dailybulletin.yale.edu/article.aspx?id=8925. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Yale University Library: Libraries & Collections A-Z". Library.yale.edu. July 10, 2006. http://www.library.yale.edu/libraries/libraries.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "2009 Raw Data Law School Rankings: Acceptance Rate (Ascending)". Internet Legal Research Group. http://www.ilrg.com/rankings/law/index.php/1/asc/Accept/avg. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
- ^ The Harvard Crimson: "I'm Gonna Git Yoy Sukka: Classic Stories of Revenge at Harvard.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Although Pierson was "rector" in his own time, he is today considered the first president of Yale.
- ^ "Increase Mather". http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_057300_matherincrea.htm. , Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, Encyclopædia Britannica
- ^ Louis Leonard Tucker, Puritan Protagonist: President Thomas Clap of Yale College (1970); Edmund S. Morgan, The Gentle Puritan: A Life of Ezra Stiles, 1727–1795 (1970).
- ^ "Edmund Fanning (1739–1818)". http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~jwickham/edmund.htm. Retrieved June 30, 2009.
- ^ Historian Bruce Daniels has used biographical dictionaries of the college graduates of Yale University, presents statistics on Yale graduates from the classes of 1702 to 1780, focusing on the graduates' career choices, their success in life, religious affiliation, vital statistics, the percentage of those who supported the American Revolution, and geographic mobility. See Bruce C. Daniels, "College Students and Puritan Society: a Quantitative Profile of Yale Graduates in Colonial America," Connecticut History 1982 (23): 1–23
- ^ Kathryn McDaniel. Moore, "The War with the Tutors: Student-faculty Conflict at Harvard and Yale, 1745–1771," History of Education Quarterly 1978 18(2): 115–127,
- ^ None of these continue to exist today. They are commemorated in names given to campus structures, such as Brothers in Unity Courtyard in Branford College.
- ^ Michael S. Pak, "The Yale Report of 1828: A New Reading and New Implications," History of Education Quarterly 2008 48(1): 30–57; Melvin I. Urofsky, "Reforms and Response: The Yale Report of 1828," History of Education Quarterly, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Mar., 1965), pp. 53–67 in JSTOR
- ^ Louise L. Stevenson, Scholarly Means to Evangelical Ends: The New Haven Scholars and the Transformation of Higher Learning in America, 1830–1890 (1986)
- ^ Alfred McClung Lee, "The Forgotten Sumner," Journal of the History of Sociology 1980–1981 3(1): 87–106
- ^ Robert Higgs, "'Götterdämmerung' and Palingenesis: Yale and the Heroic Ideal, 1865–1914," Proteus 1986 3(1): 18–24
- ^ Ronald A. Smith, Sports and Freedom: The Rise of Big Time College Athletics (1988)
- ^ Roberta J. Park, "Muscle, Mind, and 'Agon:' Intercollegiate Debating and Athletics at Harvard and Yale, 1892–1909," Journal of Sport History 1987 14(3): 263–285
- ^ John S., Watterson III, "The Football Crisis of 1909–1910: the Response of the Eastern 'Big Three'," Journal of Sport History 1981 8(1): 33–49
- ^ Sheffield was originally named Yale Scientific School; it was renamed in 1861 after a major donation from Joseph E. Sheffield.
- ^ George Levesque, "Noah Porter Revisited," Perspectives on the History of Higher Education 2007 26: 29–66,
- ^ Kersten Jacobson Biehn, "Psychobiology, Sex Research and Chimpanzees: Philanthropic Foundation Support for the Behavioral Sciences at Yale University, 1923–41," History of the Human Sciences 2008 21(2): 21–43,
- ^ Nancy G. Slack, "Are Research Schools Necessary? Contrasting Models of 20th Century Research at Yale Led by Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford and G. Evelyn Hutchinson," Journal of the History of Biology 2003 36(3): 501–529,
- ^ Howard Spiro and Priscilla Waters Norton, "Dean Milton C. Winternitz at Yale," Perspectives in Biology & Medicine 2003 46(3): 403–412,
- ^ William Palmer, "On or about 1950 or 1955 History Departments Changed: A Step in the Creation of the Modern History Department," Journal of the Historical Society (1529921x); 2007 7(3): 385–405
- ^ Michael Holzman, "The Ideological Origins of American Studies at Yale," American Studies 40:2 (Summer 1999): 71–99
- ^ Liza Nicholas, "Wyoming as America: Celebrations, a Museum, and Yale," American Quarterly, Vol. 54, No. 3 (Sep., 2002), pp. 437–465 in JSTOR
- ^ "A History of the Curriculum 1865-1970s – Vassar College Encyclopedia". Vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu. http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/index.php/A_History_of_the_Curriculum_1865-1970s. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Yale Bulletin and Calendar: "Transformations brought about by Yale women.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ "To Break the Silence" (PDF). http://www.mcolaw.com/docs/ao_tobreakthesilence_speech.pdf. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Huffington Post: "Yale Students File Title IX Suit Against the University". Retrieved April 29, 2011.
- ^ Yale Alumni Magazine: "The Birth of a New Institution.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Gordon Lafer, "Land and Labor in the Post-Industrial University Town: Remaking Social Geography," Political Geography 2003 22(1): 89–117, focuses on Yale.
- ^ "Preparing for Yale's Fourth Century". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/96_12/levin.html. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ a b Boston Globe November 17, 2002, Magazine, p. 6
- ^ a b Los Angeles Times October 4, 2000, p. E1
- ^ New York Times: p. 14. August 13, 2000
- ^ Boston Globe: p. F1. August 13, 2000
- ^ Kinsley, Michael (January 20, 2003). "How affirmative action helped George W.". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2003/ALLPOLITICS/01/20/timep.affirm.action.tm/.
- ^ Yale Alumni Magazine: 45. May/June 2004.
- ^ Tarpley, Webster G.; Chaitkin, Anton. "George Bush: The Unauthorized Biography: Chapter XXII Bush Takes The Presidency". Webster G. Tarpley. http://www.tarpley.net/bush22.htm. Retrieved December 17, 2006.
- ^ Dowd, Maureen (June 11, 1998). "Bush Traces How Yale Differs From Harvard". The New York Times: p. 10.
- ^ "For Country: The (Second) Great All-Blue Presidential Race". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/2004_05/presidents.html. Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Seeking to Understand Faith and Globalisation". The Tony Blair Faith Foundation. http://www.tonyblairfaithfoundation.org/projects/faith-and-globalisation/. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Ernesto Zedillo Biography". Yale Center for the Study of Globalization. http://www.ycsg.yale.edu/center/zedillo.html. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Shim, Eileen. "Howard Dean, professor?". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2009/jan/26/howard-dean-professor/. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Drew Henderson. "Yale joins research alliance". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2009/oct/09/yale-joins-research-alliance.
- ^ de Vise, Daniel (November 15, 2010). "Million-dollar college presidents on the rise". Washington Post: p. B1.
- ^ Yale Daily News: "Bottomly to Leave for Wellesley Presidency."
- ^ "YaleUnions.org". YaleUnions.org. http://www.yaleunions.org/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Kahn, Sam (April 1, 2005). "Yale Police union to join COPS". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2005/apr/01/yale-police-union-to-join-cops/.
- ^ Rosenfeld, Everett (October 14, 2010). "Yale Security votes to unionize Thursday". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2010/oct/14/yale-security-votes-to-unionize-thursday/. Rosenfeld, Everett (October 15, 2010). "Union Vote Contested by Yale". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2010/oct/15/union-vote-contested-by-yale/.
- ^ See, e.g., Toni Gilpin, Gary Isaac, Dan Letwin, and Jack McKivigan, On Strike for Respect: The Clerical and Technical Workers' Strike at Yale University, 1984–85 (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1995).
- ^ Greenhouse, Steven (March 4, 2003). "Yale's Labor Troubles Deepen as Thousands Go on Strike". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9501E2DE173FF937A35750C0A9659C8B63.
- ^ "Solidarity Strong as Yale Strike Ends". Aflcio.org. March 6, 2003. http://www.aflcio.org/aboutus/ns03062003.cfm. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Office of Public Affairs at Yale – News Release". Yale.edu. September 12, 2003. http://www.yale.edu/opa/newsr/03-09-12-02.all.html. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Charlie Rose Show, Interview with David Graeber, 2006, PBS
- ^ Yale University: "A Framework for Campus Planning.". Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ Assorted pictures of Yale's campus.. Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ About the Yale Art Gallery., Retrieved April 10, 2007. Archived April 8, 2007 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Synnott, Marcia Graham. The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900 – 1970, Greenwood Press, 1979. Westport, Connecticut, London, England
- ^ Yale Herald: "Donor steps up to fund CCL renovations.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Vanderbilt Hall
- ^ Phelps Hall[dead link]
- ^ Silliman College[dead link]
- ^ Beinecke Rare Book Library: "About the Library Building.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ Assorted pictures of Ezra Stiles College, Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ "Yale Sustainability Strategy". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/sustainability/strategy.htm. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale commits to long-term Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Renewable Energy Strategy". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/sustainability/yaleCommits.htm. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale’s Greenhouse Gas Reduction Strategy". Yale University. http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:9V9KQM2ibk4J:www.yale.edu/environ/docs/greenhouse_fin1.pdf+yale+LEED+eleven&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=us&client=firefox-a. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale Sustainable Food Project". Yale University. http://www.yale.edu/sustainablefood/. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "College Sustainability Report Card 2008". Sustainable Endowments Institute. http://www.endowmentinstitute.org/. Retrieved June 3, 2008.
- ^ "Yale University Police Department". http://www.yale.edu/police/. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
- ^ "Yale University Department of Security". http://www.yalesecurity.yale.edu/services.html. Retrieved January 5, 2010.
- ^ AJ Giannini. Life, love, death and prestige in New Haven. Neon. 27:113–116, 1984.
- ^ Office of Post-Secondary Education: "Security search.", Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ City-Data.com:[1], Retrieved December 4, 2010.
- ^ Yale Daily News: "Panel questions way University handles sex crimes", Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ Yale Daily News: " Yale may not report all crimes", Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Yale University Class of 2016 Admission Rate". http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2012/mar/29/yale-offers-admission-1975-applicants/?cross-campus. Retrieved March 29, 2012.
- ^ Yale University Financial Aid Policies[dead link]
- ^ Yale Daily News: "Diverse class of 2010 arrives in Elm City.". Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "ALA Library Fact Sheet Number 22 – The Nation's Largest Libraries". American Library Association. Archived from the original on February 18, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080218115521/http://www.ala.org/ala/alalibrary/libraryfactsheet/alalibraryfactsheet22.cfm. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- ^ "Machu Picchu in a Box" (PDF). http://opa.yale.edu/opa/mpi/MP-EnCaja-English-20080626.pdf. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "CNN: "Peru's president: Yale agrees to return Incan artifacts"". November 20, 2010. http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/11/20/peru.yale.artifacts/index.html?hpt=T2.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities: National". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2011. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2011.html. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ "America's Best Colleges". Forbes. 2011. http://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/list/. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
- ^ "National Universities Rankings". America's Best Colleges 2012. U.S. News & World Report. September 13, 2011. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ "The Washington Monthly National University Rankings". The Washington Monthly. 2011. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/college_guide/rankings_2011/national_university_rank.php. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ "Academic Ranking of World Universities: Global". Institute of Higher Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University. 2011. http://www.shanghairanking.com/ARWU2011.html. Retrieved August 30, 2011.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings". QS Quacquarelli Symonds Limited. 2011. http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ^ "Top 400 – The Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2011–2012". The Times Higher Education. 2011. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2011-2012/top-400.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011.
- ^ "National University Rankings – Best Colleges 2011". US News and World Report. http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/national-universities-rankings. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
- ^ "QS World University Rankings". Topuniversities. http://www.topuniversities.com/university-rankings/world-university-rankings/2011. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "World University Rankings". The Times Higher Educational Supplement. 2010. http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/world-university-rankings/2010-2011/top-200.html. Retrieved September 16, 2010.
- ^ "|Yale University". Arwu.org. http://www.arwu.org/Institution.jsp?param=Yale%20University. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Centre.edu "Baccalaureate Origins Peer Analysis 2000, Center College."
- ^ "Yale Factsheet". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/oir/factsheet.html#Yale%20College%20Student%20Body%20Characteristics. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Editors, The (July/August 2009). "Why they call Yale the "Gay Ivy"". Yale Alumni Magazine: p. 33
- ^ Chauncey, George (July/August 2009). "Gay at Yale: How things changed". Yale Alumni Magazine: pp. 32–43
- ^ "After Dispute, Yale Planning A Conference on Gay Studies". The New York Times. Associated Press. October 21, 1987. http://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/21/nyregion/after-dispute-yale-planning-a-conference-on-gay-studies.html.
- ^ "To Be Gay at Yale". Rolling Stone. http://jaydixit.com/writing/gayatyale.htm. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ Yale University: "Undergraduate Residential Life.". Retrieved April 10, 2007.
- ^ "Berkeley College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/berkeley/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Branford College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/branford/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Calhoun College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/calhoun/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Davenport College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/davenport/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Ezra Stiles College Home Page". Ezrastilescollege.org. http://www.ezrastilescollege.org/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Jonathan Edwards College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/je/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Morse College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/morse/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Pierson College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/pierson/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Pierson History. http://pierson.yalecollege.yale.edu/history. Retrieved on Nov 7, 2011
- ^ "Saybrook College Home Page". Yale.edu. November 30, 2011. http://www.yale.edu/saybrook/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Silliman College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/sm/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Timothy Dwight College Home Page". Yale.edu. October 6, 2009. http://www.yale.edu/td/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Trumbull College Home Page". Yale.edu. http://www.yale.edu/trumbull/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ Yale University Office of Public Affairs: "Yale to Establish Two New Residential Colleges.". Retrieved June 7, 2008.
- ^ "Design New Haven: Demolition Date Approaches for New Residential College Site: Preservation Issues Spark Appeals to Yale". Downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com. August 29, 2009. http://downtownnewhaven.blogspot.com/2009/08/demolition-date-approaches-for-new.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ http://www.library.yale.edu/mssa/YHO/ExtracurricularandSocialOrganizations.pdf
- ^ Toch, Thomas (June 8, 1992). "Singing the Blues at Yale". US News & World Report.
- ^ Branch, Mark Alden (March 1998). "Yale's Tallest Tales". Yale Alumni Magazine. http://www.yalealumnimagazine.com/issues/98_03/talltales.html.
- ^ Prawdzik, Ben (October 10, 2011). "THE NEWS WINS BLADDERBALL". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2011/oct/10/bladderball-reemerges-brief-game/.
- ^ Yale Herald: "House of Payne gets ready for the new millennium." Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ "Yale Club Ice Hockey". Yale.edu. October 19, 2007. http://www.yale.edu/clubhockey/teamhistory.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Muller, Eli (February 28, 2001). "Bladderball: 30 years of zany antics, dangerous fun". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/university-news/2001/02/28/bladderball-30-years-of-zany-antics-dangerous-fun/. Retrieved December 4, 2011.
- ^ "Local pie tin first Frisbee, legend holds". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2007/nov/05/local-pie-tin-first-frisbee-legend-holds/. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ "About Connecticut: General Description and Facts". Connecticut State Government. http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ "'Victory March' rated No. 1 college fight song". University of Notre Dame News. http://newsinfo.nd.edu/news/6427-victory-march-rated-no-1-college-fight-song/. Retrieved September 1, 2010.
- ^ (prior to 1894, Yale's color was green) (see: Thompson, Ellen (October 1, 2002). "True Blue". The New Journal. http://www.thenewjournalatyale.com/2002/10/true-blue/. Retrieved January 4, 2012. )
- ^ "History of the Yale Bulldog "Handsome Dan"". Yale Bulldogs. Archived from the original on June 5, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070605212605/http://yalebulldogs.cstv.com/trads/mascot.html. Retrieved June 8, 2007.
- ^ "Yale Precision Marching Band Frequently Asked Questions". http://www.yale.edu/yaleband/ypmb/faq.html. Retrieved December 14, 2009. ""The YPMB is one of twelve scatter-style marching bands in the country....Between formations we run around wildly."
- ^ Strom, Stephanie (June 1, 2004). "$75,000 a Record Gift for Yale? Here's How". The New York Times (New York). http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D05E7D81631F932A35755C0A9629C8B63&scp=1&sq=Yale%20class%20of%201954%20%24110%20million&st=cse. Retrieved November 22, 2008.
- ^ Thalmann, William G. (1998). The swineherd and the bow: representations of class in the Odyssey. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3479-3.
- ^ Baddeley, Jenna. "Memoir demonstrates Yalies have always been crazy". New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Herald. http://www.yaleherald.com/archive/xxv/2.20.98/ae/book.html. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
- ^ University of Georgia: "The Rise of Intercollegiate Football and Its Portrayal in American Popular Literature.". Retrieved April 9, 2007.
- ^ The text of Frank Merriwell at Yale is published online by Project Gutenberg, Gutenberg.org
Further reading[link]
- Bagg, Lyman H. Four Years at Yale, New Haven, 1891.
- Blum, John Morton. A life with history (2004) 283pp, memoir of history professor and advisor to the president
- Brown, Chandos Michael. Benjamin Silliman: A Life in the Young Republic. (1989). 377 pp.
- Buckley, William F., Jr. God and Man at Yale, 1951.
- Dana, Arnold G. Yale Old and New, 78 vols. personal scrapbook, 1942.
- Deming, Clarence. Yale Yesterdays, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1915.
- Dexter, Franklin Bowditch. Biographical Sketches of Graduates of Yale: Yale College with Annals of the College History, 6 vols. New York, 1885–1912.
- __________. (1901). Documentary History of Yale University: Under the Original Charter of the Collegiate School of Connecticut, 1701–1745. New Haven: Yale University Press
- Fitzmier, John R. New England's Moral Legislator: Timothy Dwight, 1752–1817 (1998). 261 pp.
- French, Robert Dudley. The Memorial Quadrangle, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1929.
- Furniss, Edgar S. The Graduate School of Yale, New Haven, 1965.
- Gilpen, Toni, et al. On Strike For Respect, (updated edition: University of Illinois Press, 1995,)
- Holden, Reuben A. Yale: A Pictorial History, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1967.
- Kabaservice, Geoffrey. The Guardians: Kingman Brewster, His Circle, and the Rise of the Liberal Establishment, (2004). 573 pp.
- Kalman, Laura. Legal Realism at Yale, 1927–1960 (1986). 314pp.
- Kelley, Brooks Mather. Yale: A History. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1999. 10-ISBN 0-300-07843-9: 13-ISBN 978-0-300-07843-5; OCLC 810552
- Kingsley, William L. Yale College. A Sketch of its History, 2 vols. New York, 1879.
- Mendenhall, Thomas C. The Harvard-Yale Boat Race, 1852–1924, and the Coming of Sport to the American College. (1993). 371 pp.
- Nelson, Cary. Will Teach for Food: Academic Labor in Crisis, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1997.
- Nissenbaum, Stephen, ed. The Great Awakening at Yale College (1972). 263 pp.
- Oren, Dan A. Joining the Club: A History of Jews and Yale, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1985.* Oviatt, Edwin. The Beginnings of Yale (1701–1726), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1916.
- Pierson, George Wilson. Yale College, An Educational History (1871–1921), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1952.
- __________, The Founding of Yale: The Legend of the Forty Folios, New Haven, Yale University Press, 1988.
- Pinnell, Patrick L. The Campus Guide: Yale University, Princeton Architectural Press, New York, 1999.
- Stevenson, Louise L. Scholarly Means to Evangelical Ends: The New Haven Scholars and the Transformation of Higher Learning in America, 1830–1890 (1986). 221 pp.
- Scully, Vincent et al., eds. Yale in New Haven: Architecture and Urbanism. New Haven: Yale University, 2004.
- Stokes, Anson Phelps. Memorials of Eminent Yale Men, 2 vols. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1914.
- Synnott, Marcia Graham. The Half-Opened Door: Discrimination and Admissions at Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, 1900–1970 (1979). 310 pp.
- Tucker, Louis Leonard. Connecticut's Seminary of Sedition: Yale College. Chester, Conn.: Pequot, 1973. 78 pp.
- Warch, Richard. School of the Prophets: Yale College, 1701–1740. (1973). 339 pp.
- Welch, Lewis Sheldon, and Walter Camp. Yale, her campus, class-rooms, and athletics (1900). online
- Whitehead, John S. The Separation of College and State: Columbia, Dartmouth, Harvard, and Yale, 1776–1876 (1973). 262 pp.
- Wilson, Leonard G., ed. Benjamin Silliman and His Circle: Studies on the Influence of Benjamin Silliman on Science in America (1979). 228 pp.
- Yale, The University College (1921–1937), New Haven, Yale University Press, 1955.
Secret societies[link]
- Robbins, Alexandra, Secrets of the Tomb: Skull and Bones, the Ivy League, and the Hidden Paths of Power, Little Brown & Co., 2002; ISBN 0-316-73561-2 (paper edition).
- Millegan, Kris (ed.), Fleshing Out Skull & Bones, TrineDay, 2003. ISBN 0-9752906-0-6 (paper edition).
External links[link]
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Coordinates: 41°18′40″N 72°55′36″W / 41.31111°N 72.92667°W / 41.31111; -72.92667
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This article is about the American actor. For the seismologist, see Thomas C. Hanks.
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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2010) |
| Tom Hanks | |
|---|---|
 Hanks at President Obama's 2009 inauguration. |
|
| Born | Thomas Jeffrey Hanks (1956-07-09) July 9, 1956 (age 55) Concord, California, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actor, producer, director, voice over artist, writer, speaker |
| Years active | 1979–present |
| Spouse | Samantha Lewes (m. 1978–1987; divorced) Rita Wilson (m. 1988–present) |
| Children | Colin, Elizabeth, Chester, Truman |
Thomas Jeffrey "Tom" Hanks (born July 9, 1956) is an American actor, producer, writer, and director. Hanks is known for his roles in Philadelphia and as the title character in Forrest Gump, roles which won him two consecutive Academy Awards for Best Actor. Hanks is also known for his Oscar nominated roles in Big, Saving Private Ryan and Cast Away.
Hanks' other acting roles include Apollo 13 as Jim Lovell, The Green Mile as Paul Edgecomb, Toy Story as Woody and Charlie Wilson's War as Charlie Wilson.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Hanks was born in Concord, California. His father, Amos Mefford Hanks (born in Glenn County, California, on March 9, 1924 – died in Alameda, California, on January 31, 1992), was an itinerant cook.[1] His mother, Janet Marylyn (née Frager; born in Alameda County, California, on January 18, 1932), was a hospital worker. Hanks' mother is of Portuguese ancestry, while two of his paternal great-grandparents immigrated from Britain.[2][3] Hanks's parents divorced in 1960. The family's three oldest children, Sandra (now Sandra Hanks Benoiton, a writer)[citation needed], Larry (now Lawrence M. Hanks, PhD, an entomology professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign)[4] and Tom, went with their father, while the youngest, Jim, now an actor and film maker, remained with his mother in Red Bluff, California.[citation needed]
In addition to having a family history of Catholicism and Mormonism, Hanks was a "Bible-toting evangelical teenager" for several years.[5] In school, Hanks was unpopular with students and teachers alike, later telling Rolling Stone magazine: "I was a geek, a spaz. I was horribly, painfully, terribly shy. At the same time, I was the guy who'd yell out funny captions during filmstrips. But I didn't get into trouble. I was always a real good kid and pretty responsible." In 1965, Amos Hanks married Frances Wong, a San Francisco native of Chinese descent. Frances had three children, two of whom lived with Tom during his high school years. Hanks acted in school plays, including South Pacific, while attending Skyline High School in Oakland, California.
Hanks studied theater at Chabot College in Hayward, California, and after two years, transferred to California State University, Sacramento. Hanks told New York magazine in 1986: "Acting classes looked like the best place for a guy who liked to make a lot of noise and be rather flamboyant ...I spent a lot of time going to plays. I wouldn't take dates with me. I'd just drive to a theater, buy myself a ticket, sit in the seat and read the program, and then get into the play completely. I spent a lot of time like that, seeing Brecht, Tennessee Williams, Ibsen, and all that."[6]
During his years studying theater, Hanks met Vincent Dowling, head of the Great Lakes Theater Festival in Cleveland, Ohio.[1] At Dowling's suggestion, Hanks became an intern at the Festival. His internship stretched into a three-year experience that covered most aspects of theater production, including lighting, set design, and stage management, all of which caused Hanks to drop out of college. During the same time, Hanks won the Cleveland Critics Circle Award for Best Actor for his 1978 performance as Proteus in Shakespeare's The Two Gentlemen of Verona, one of the few times he played a villain.[7]
Career[link]
Early career[link]
In 1979, Hanks moved to New York City, where he made his film debut in the low-budget slasher film He Knows You're Alone (1980)[1] and got a part in the television movie Mazes and Monsters. Early in 1979, Hanks was cast in the lead role of Callimaco in the Riverside Shakespeare Company's production of Niccolò Machiavelli's The Mandrake, directed by Daniel Southern. This remains Hanks's only New York stage performance to date; as a high profile Off Off Broadway showcase, the production helped Tom land an agent, Joe Ohla with the J. Michael Bloom Agency. The next year, Hanks landed a lead role on the ABC television pilot of Bosom Buddies, playing the role of Kip Wilson. Hanks moved to Los Angeles, where he and Peter Scolari played a pair of young advertising men forced to dress as women so they could live in an inexpensive all-female hotel.[1] Hanks had previously partnered with Scolari in the 1970s game show Make Me Laugh. Bosom Buddies ran for two seasons, and, although the ratings were never strong, television critics gave the program high marks. "The first day I saw him on the set," co-producer Ian Praiser told Rolling Stone, "I thought, 'Too bad he won't be in television for long.' I knew he'd be a movie star in two years." But if Praiser knew it, he was not able to convince Hanks. "The television show had come out of nowhere," best friend Tom Lizzio told Rolling Stone. "Then out of nowhere it got canceled. He figured he'd be back to pulling ropes and hanging lights in a theater."
Bosom Buddies and a guest appearance on a 1982 episode of Happy Days ("A Case of Revenge," where he played a disgruntled former classmate of The Fonz) prompted director Ron Howard to contact Hanks. Howard was working on Splash (1984), a romantic comedy fantasy about a mermaid who falls in love with a human. At first, Howard considered Hanks for the role of the main character's wisecracking brother, a role that eventually went to John Candy. Instead, Hanks got the lead role and a career boost from Splash, which went on to become a box office hit, grossing more than US$69 million. He also had a sizable hit with the sex comedy Bachelor Party, also in 1984.
In 1983–84, Hanks made three guest appearances on Family Ties as Elyse Keaton's alcoholic brother, Ned Donnelly.[8][9]
Period of successes and failures[link]
With Nothing in Common (1986) – about a young man alienated from his parents who must re-establish a relationship with his father, played by Jackie Gleason – Hanks began to establish the credentials of not only a comic actor but of someone who could carry a serious role. "It changed my desires about working in movies," Hanks told Rolling Stone. "Part of it was the nature of the material, what we were trying to say. But besides that, it focused on people's relationships. The story was about a guy and his father, unlike, say, The Money Pit, where the story is really about a guy and his house."[citation needed]
After a few more flops and a moderate success with Dragnet, Hanks succeeded with the film Big (1988), both at the box office and within the industry.[1] The film established Hanks as a major Hollywood talent. It was followed later that year by Punchline, in which he and Sally Field co-starred as struggling comedians. Hanks's character, Steven Gold, a failing medical student trying to break into stand-up, was somewhat edgy and complex. Hanks' portrayal of Gold offered a glimpse of the far more dramatic roles Hanks would master in films to come. Hanks then suffered a pile of box-office failures: The 'Burbs (1989), Joe Versus the Volcano (1990), and The Bonfire of the Vanities (1990),[1] as a greedy Wall Street type who gets enmeshed in a hit-and-run accident. Only the 1989 movie Turner & Hooch brought success for Hanks during this time. In a 1993 issue of Disney Adventures, Hanks said, "I saw Turner & Hooch the other day in the SAC store and couldn't help but be reminiscent. I cried like a baby." He did admit to making a couple of "bum tickers," however, and blamed his "...deductive reasoning and decision making skills."
Progression into dramatic roles[link]
Hanks climbed back to the top again with his portrayal of a washed-up baseball star turned manager in A League of Their Own (1992).[1] Hanks has admitted that his acting in earlier roles was not great and that he has improved. In an interview with Vanity Fair, Hanks noted his "modern era of moviemaking ... because enough self-discovery has gone on.... My work has become less pretentiously fake and over the top". This "modern era" began in 1993 for Hanks, first with Sleepless in Seattle and then with Philadelphia. The former was a blockbuster success about a widower who finds true love over the airwaves. Richard Schickel of TIME called his performance "charming," and most critics agreed that Hanks' portrayal ensured him a place among the premier romantic-comedy stars of his generation.[citation needed]
In Philadelphia, he played a gay lawyer with AIDS who sues his firm for discrimination.[1] Hanks lost thirty-five pounds and thinned his hair in order to appear sickly for the role. In a review for People, Leah Rozen stated "Above all, credit for Philadelphia's success belongs to Hanks, who makes sure that he plays a character, not a saint. He is flat-out terrific, giving a deeply felt, carefully nuanced performance that deserves an Oscar." Hanks won the 1993 Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Philadelphia.[1] During his acceptance speech he revealed that his high school drama teacher Rawley Farnsworth and former classmate John Gilkerson, two people with whom he was close, were gay.[10]
Hanks followed Philadelphia with the 1994 summer hit Forrest Gump. Of the film, Hanks has remarked: "When I read the script for Gump, I saw it as one of those kind of grand, hopeful movies that the audience can go to and feel ... some hope for their lot and their position in life... I got that from the movies a hundred million times when I was a kid. I still do." Hanks won his second Best Actor Academy Award for his role in Forrest Gump, becoming only the second actor to have accomplished the feat of winning consecutive Best Actor Oscars. (Spencer Tracy was the first, winning in 1937–38. Hanks and Tracy were the same age at the time they received their Academy Awards: 37 for the first and 38 for the second.)
Hanks' next role—astronaut and commander Jim Lovell, in the 1995 movie Apollo 13--reunited him with Ron Howard.[1] Critics generally applauded the film and the performances of the entire cast, which included actors Kevin Bacon, Bill Paxton, Gary Sinise, Ed Harris, and Kathleen Quinlan. The movie also earned nine Academy Award nominations, winning two. The same year, Hanks starred in the animated blockbuster Toy Story as the voice of the toy Sheriff Woody.
1996 – present: Directing, producing and acting[link]
Hanks turned to directing with his 1996 film That Thing You Do! about a 1960s pop group, also playing the role of a music producer. Hanks and producer Gary Goetzman went on to create Playtone, a record and film production company named for the record company in the film.
Hanks executive produced, co-wrote, and co-directed the HBO docudrama From the Earth to the Moon. The twelve-part series chronicles the space program from its inception, through the familiar flights of Neil Armstrong and Jim Lovell, to the personal feelings surrounding the reality of moon landings. The Emmy Award-winning project was, at US$68 million, one of the most expensive ventures taken for television.
Hanks's next project was no less expensive. For Saving Private Ryan he teamed up with Steven Spielberg to make a film about a search through war-torn France after D-Day to bring back a soldier. It earned the praise and respect of the film community, critics, and the general public. It was labeled one of the finest war films ever made and earned Spielberg his second Academy Award for direction, and Hanks another Best Actor nomination. Later in 1998, Hanks re-teamed with his Sleepless in Seattle co-star Meg Ryan for You've Got Mail, a remake of 1940's The Shop Around the Corner.
In 1999, Hanks starred in an adaptation of the Stephen King novel The Green Mile. He also returned as the voice of Woody in Toy Story 2. The following year he won a Golden Globe for Best Actor and an Academy Award nomination for his portrayal of a marooned FedEx systems analyst in Robert Zemeckis's Cast Away. In 2001, Hanks helped direct and produce the acclaimed HBO mini-series Band of Brothers. He also appeared in the September 11 television special America: A Tribute to Heroes and the documentary Rescued From the Closet.
Next he teamed up with American Beauty director Sam Mendes for the adaptation of Max Allan Collins's and Richard Piers Rayner's graphic novel Road to Perdition, in which he played an anti-hero role as a hitman on the run with his son. That same year, Hanks collaborated with director Spielberg again, starring opposite Leonardo DiCaprio in the hit crime comedy Catch Me if You Can, based on the true story of Frank Abagnale, Jr. The same year, Hanks and his wife Rita Wilson produced the hit movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding. In August 2007, he along with co-producers Rita Wilson and Gary Goetzman, and writer and star Nia Vardalos, initiated a legal action against the production company Gold Circle Films for their share of profits from the movie.[11][12][13] At the age of 45, he became the youngest ever recipient of the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award on June 12, 2002.
In 2004, he appeared in three films: The Coen Brothers' The Ladykillers, another Spielberg film, The Terminal, and The Polar Express, a family film from Robert Zemeckis. In a USA Weekend interview, Hanks talked about how he chooses projects: "[Since] A League of Their Own, it can't be just another movie for me. It has to get me going somehow.... There has to be some all-encompassing desire or feeling about wanting to do that particular movie. I'd like to assume that I'm willing to go down any avenue in order to do it right". In August 2005, Hanks was voted in as vice president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[14]
Hanks next starred in the highly anticipated film The Da Vinci Code, based on the bestselling novel by Dan Brown. The film was released May 19, 2006 in the US and grossed over US$750 million worldwide. He followed the film with Ken Burns's 2007 documentary The War. For the documentary, Hanks did voice work, reading excerpts from World War II-era columns by Al McIntosh. In 2006, Hanks topped a 1,500-strong list of 'most trusted celebrities' compiled by Forbes magazine.[15] Hanks next appeared in a cameo role as himself in The Simpsons Movie, in which he appeared in an advertisement claiming that the US government has lost its credibility and is hence buying some of his. He also made an appearance in the credits, expressing a desire to be left alone when he is out in public. Later in 2006, Hanks produced the British film Starter for Ten, a comedy based on working class students attempting to win University Challenge.[16]
In 2007, Hanks starred in Mike Nichols's film Charlie Wilson's War (written by screenwriter Aaron Sorkin) in which he plays Democratic Texas Congressman Charles Wilson. The film opened on December 21, 2007, and Hanks received a Golden Globe nomination.
In 2008's The Great Buck Howard, Hanks played the on-screen father of a young man (Hanks' real-life son, Colin Hanks) who chooses to follow in the footsteps of a fading magician (John Malkovich). Tom Hanks's character was less than thrilled about his son's career decision.
Hanks's next endeavor, released on May 15, 2009, was a film adaptation of Angels & Demons, based on the novel of the same name by Dan Brown. Its April 11, 2007, announcement revealed that Hanks would reprise his role as Robert Langdon, and that he would reportedly receive the highest salary ever for an actor.[17][18] The following day he made his 10th appearance on NBC's Saturday Night Live, impersonating himself for the Celebrity Jeopardy sketch.
Hanks is producer of the Spike Jonze film Where The Wild Things Are, based on the children's book by Maurice Sendak.[19]
In 2010, Hanks reprised his role as Sheriff Woody in the third film in the Toy Story franchise, Toy Story 3, after he, Tim Allen, and John Ratzenberger were invited to a movie theater to see a complete story reel of the movie.[20]
In 2011, he directed and starred opposite Julia Roberts in the title role in the romantic comedy Larry Crowne.[21] The movie has received generally bad reviews with only 35% of the 175 Rotten Tomatoes reviews giving it high ratings.[22] Also in 2011, he starred in the drama film Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close.
Hanks is slated to play Walt Disney in the film Saving Mr. Banks co-starring Emma Thompson and directed by John Lee Hancock. Hanks will be the first actor to portray Disney in film. The film is scheduled to be released in 2014.[23] He has also been cast in a film based on the Maersk Alabama hijacking as Captain Richard Phillips. The film will be written by Billy Ray, and produced by the team behind The Social Network.[24]
Hanks is ranked the highest all time box office star with over $3.639 billion total box office gross, an average of $107 million per film.[25] He has been involved with seventeen films that grossed over $100 million at the worldwide box office, the highest grossing of which was 2010's Toy Story 3.[26]
Personal life[link]
Hanks was married to American actress Samantha Lewes[27] (née Susan Jane Dillingham) from 1978 to 1987. The couple had two children, son Colin Hanks (also an actor) and daughter Elizabeth Ann.[28][29]
In 1988, Hanks married actress Rita Wilson. The two first met on the set of Hanks's television show Bosom Buddies but later developed a romantic interest while working on the film Volunteers. They have two sons: Chester, or "Chet" (who has a small part as a student in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull and released a rap single in 2011),[30] and Truman.
Hanks became a grandfather when his son Colin and daughter-in-law Samantha gave birth to granddaughter Olivia Jane Hanks on February 1, 2011.[31]
Regarding his religious views, Hanks has said, "I must say that when I go to church – and I do go to church – I ponder the mystery. I meditate on the 'why?' of 'Why people are as they are' and 'Why bad things happen to good people,' and 'Why good things happen to bad people'... The mystery is what I think it is, almost, the grand unifying theory of mankind."[5]
Politics[link]
Hanks has made donations to many Democratic politicians and has been open about his support for same-sex marriage, environmental causes and alternative fuels. Hanks made public his presidential candidate choice in the 2008 election when he uploaded a video to his MySpace account in which he announced his endorsement of Barack Obama.[32]
A proponent of environmentalism, Hanks is an investor in electric vehicles and owns both a Toyota RAV4 EV and the first production AC Propulsion eBox. Hanks was a lessee of an EV1 before it was recalled, as chronicled in the documentary Who Killed the Electric Car?[33][34] He is on the waiting list for an Aptera 2 Series.[35]
Hanks was extremely outspoken about his opposition to Proposition 8, an amendment to the California constitution that defined marriage as a union only between a man and a woman. Hanks and others who were in opposition to the proposition raised over US$44 million in contrast to the supporters' $39 million,[36] but Proposition 8 passed with 52% of the vote.[37]
While premiering a TV series in January 2009, Hanks called supporters of Proposition 8 "un-American" and criticized the LDS (Mormon) church members, who were major proponents of the bill, for their views on marriage and their role in supporting the bill.[38][39] About a week later, Hanks apologized for the remark, saying that nothing is more American than voting one's conscience.[40]
Hanks narrated a video created by Obama for America, entitled The Road We've Traveled.[41]
Other activities[link]
A supporter of NASA's manned space program, Hanks has said that he originally wanted to be an astronaut but "didn't have the math." Hanks is a member of the National Space Society, serving on the Board of Governors of the nonprofit educational space advocacy organization founded by Dr. Wernher Von Braun. He also produced the HBO miniseries From the Earth to the Moon about the Apollo program to send astronauts to the moon. In addition, Hanks co-wrote and co-produced Magnificent Desolation: Walking on the Moon 3D, an IMAX film about the moon landings. Hanks also provided the voice over for the premiere of the show Passport to the Universe at the Rose Center for Earth and Space in the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
In 2006, the Space Foundation awarded Hanks the Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award.[42] The award is given annually to an individual or organization that has made significant contributions to public awareness of space programs.
In June 2006 Hanks was inducted as an honorary member of the United States Army Rangers Hall of Fame for his accurate portrayal of a Captain in the movie Saving Private Ryan; Hanks, who was unable to attend the induction ceremony, was the first actor to receive such an honor.[43] In addition to his role in Saving Private Ryan, Hanks was cited for serving as the national spokesperson for the World War II Memorial Campaign, for being the honorary chairperson of the D-Day Museum Capital Campaign, and for his role in writing and helping to produce the Emmy Award-winning miniseries, Band of Brothers.[citation needed]
Hanks is one of several celebrities who frequently participates in planned comedy bits on Conan O'Brien's talk shows, including Late Night, The Tonight Show, and Conan while a guest. On one visit, Hanks asked Conan to join his run for president on the "Bad Haircut Party" ticket, with confetti and balloons and a hand held sign with the slogan "You'd be stupid to vote for us". On another episode, O'Brien, noting that Hanks was missing Christmas on his promotional tour, brought the season to him, including a gift (the skeleton of Hooch), and a mass of snow burying them both. On yet another episode, Conan gave Hanks a painting he had commissioned reflecting two of his interests: Astronauts landing on the beach at Normandy. On March 10, 2008, Hanks was on hand at the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame to induct sixties band The Dave Clark Five.[44] Asteroid 12818 Tomhanks is named for him.[45]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | He Knows You're Alone | Elliot | |
| 1982 | Mazes and Monsters | Robbie Wheeling | Made for television |
| 1984 | Splash | Allen Bauer | |
| 1984 | Bachelor Party | Rick Gassko | |
| 1985 | Man with One Red Shoe, TheThe Man with One Red Shoe | Richard Harlan Drew | |
| 1985 | Volunteers | Lawrence Whatley Bourne III | |
| 1986 | Money Pit, TheThe Money Pit | Walter Fielding, Jr. | |
| 1986 | Nothing in Common | David Basner | |
| 1986 | Every Time We Say Goodbye | David Bradley | |
| 1987 | Dragnet | Pep Streebeck | |
| 1988 | Big | Adult Josh Baskin | |
| 1988 | Punchline | Steven Gold | |
| 1989 | Turner & Hooch | Detective Scott Turner | |
| 1989 | BurbsThe 'Burbs | Ray Peterson | |
| 1990 | Joe Versus the Volcano | Joe Banks | |
| 1990 | Bonfire of the Vanities, TheThe Bonfire of the Vanities | Sherman McCoy | |
| 1992 | League of Their Own, AA League of Their Own | Jimmy Dugan | |
| 1992 | Radio Flyer | Older Mike | (uncredited) |
| 1993 | Sleepless in Seattle | Sam Baldwin |
|
| 1993 | Philadelphia | Andrew Beckett | |
| 1994 | Forrest Gump | Forrest Gump |
|
| 1995 | Apollo 13 | Jim Lovell | |
| 1995 | Toy Story | Woody | (voice) |
| 1996 | That Thing You Do! | Mr. White | (writer and director) |
| 1998 | Saving Private Ryan | Captain John H. Miller |
|
| 1998 | You've Got Mail | Joe Fox | |
| 1999 | Toy Story 2 | Woody | (voice) |
| 1999 | Green Mile, TheThe Green Mile | Paul Edgecomb | |
| 2000 | Cast Away | Chuck Noland |
|
| 2002 | Road to Perdition | Michael Sullivan, Sr. | |
| 2002 | Catch Me If You Can | FBI Agent Carl Hanratty | |
| 2004 | Terminal, TheThe Terminal | Viktor Navorski | |
| 2004 | Ladykillers, TheThe Ladykillers | Professor G.H. Dorr | |
| 2004 | Elvis Has Left the Building | Mailbox Elvis | (cameo) |
| 2004 | Polar Express, TheThe Polar Express |
|
|
| 2006 | Da Vinci Code, TheThe Da Vinci Code | Professor Robert Langdon | |
| 2006 | Cars | Woody Car | (voice) |
| 2007 | Simpsons Movie, TheThe Simpsons Movie | Himself | (voice) |
| 2007 | Charlie Wilson's War | Charlie Wilson | Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy |
| 2008 | Great Buck Howard, TheThe Great Buck Howard | Mr. Gable | |
| 2008 | Mamma Mia! | (producer) | |
| 2009 | Angels & Demons | Professor Robert Langdon | |
| 2009 | National Parks: America's Best Idea, TheThe National Parks: America's Best Idea | Various historical figures | (voice) |
| 2009 | Where the Wild Things Are | (producer) | |
| 2010 | Toy Story 3 | Woody |
|
| 2011 | Larry Crowne | Larry Crowne | (director, producer, writer) |
| 2011 | Hawaiian Vacation | Woody | (voice) |
| 2011 | Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close | Thomas Schell Jr. | |
| 2012 | Cloud Atlas | Dr. Henry Goose | filming |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | Love Boat, TheThe Love Boat | Rick Martin | TV series, episode: "Friends and Lovers/Sergeant Bull/Miss Mother" |
| 1980–1982 | Bosom Buddies | Kip Wilson | |
| 1982 | Taxi | Gordon | |
| 1982 | Mazes and Monsters | Robbie Wheeling | |
| 1982 | Happy Days | Dr. Dwayne Twitchell | TV series, episode: "A Case of Revenge" |
| 1983 | Family Ties | Ned | Elyse Keaton's brother |
| 1994 | Vault of Horror I | Director | |
| 1998 | From the Earth to the Moon | Narrator (also executive producer/director/writer) | Miniseries |
| 2001 | Band of Brothers | Producer, director, writer | Miniseries |
| 2002 | Rutles 2: Can't Buy Me Lunch, TheThe Rutles 2: Can't Buy Me Lunch | Interviewee | |
| 2006–2011 | Big Love | Executive producer | TV series |
| 2008 | John Adams | Executive producer | Miniseries |
| 2010 | Pacific, TheThe Pacific | Executive producer/Narrator | Miniseries |
| 2011 | Saturday Night Live | Guest cast member | |
| 2011 | 30 Rock | Himself | Guest star in the show's 100th episode |
Other accolades[link]
| Organization | Year | Award |
|---|---|---|
| Hollywood Women's Press Club | 1988 | Golden Apple Award |
| Hasty Pudding Theatricals | 1995 | Man of the Year |
| American Film Institute | 2002 | AFI Life Achievement Award[49] |
| Hollywood Film Festival | 2002 | Actor of the Year |
| BAFTA/LA Britannia Awards | 2004 | Britannia Award for Excellence in Film |
| Bambi Awards | 2004 | Bambi for Film – International |
| Film Society of Lincoln Center | 2009 | Gala Tribute |
References[link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 1999
- ^ Friday Night with Jonathan Ross, January 2008 on YouTube
- ^ "The all-American icons with British roots - Showbiz - Evening Standard". Thisislondon.co.uk. 2006-11-08. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/article-23373847-the-all-american-icons-with-british-roots.do. Retrieved 2012-03-12.
- ^ Lawrence M. Hanks, Associate Professor – University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
- ^ a b Terry Mattingly (April 12, 2009). "Actor Tom Hanks talks about religion". The Mercury. http://www.pottsmerc.com/articles/2009/04/12/opinion/srv0000005095974.txt. Retrieved October 19, 2010.
- ^ Blum, David (July 28, 1986). "Tom Hanks's Real Splash: A Funny Guy Grows Up in 'Nothing in Common'". New York (New York Media) 19 (29): 39. ISSN 0028-7369. http://books.google.com/books?id=9OYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA39.
- ^ Mytnick, Colleen (October 2009). "Life According to Tom Hanks". Cleveland Magazine. http://www.clevelandmagazine.com/ME2/dirmod.asp?sid=E73ABD6180B44874871A91F6BA5C249C&nm=&type=Publishing&mod=Publications%3A%3AArticle&mid=1578600D80804596A222593669321019&tier=4&id=516286375F5F4B71A3896EF13FF6915D. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ Television listings. November 27, 2003. http://books.google.com/?id=Uek4AAAAIAAJ&q=Tom+Hanks+Family+Ties&dq=Tom+Hanks+Family+Ties. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ^ Riggs, Thomas (2002). Contemporary Theatre, Film, and Television. Gale Research. p. 117. ISBN 0-7876-5116-8.
- ^ Winner Speeches.
- ^ "Hanks files big fat 'Greek' lawsuit"[dead link] – United Press International – (c/o NewsDaily.com) – August 8, 2007.
- ^ http://web.archive.org/web/20080208234100/http://www.newsdaily.com/index.php?feed=Entertainment&article=UPI-1-20070808-11481500-bc-us-hanks.xml Archive of UPS article at Archive.org |Retrieved 2011-10-21
- ^ "Hanks sues over unpaid 'My big fat Greek wedding' profits", Irish Examiner, August 8, 2007.
- ^ "Actor Hanks voted in by Academy", BBC, August 25, 2005.
- ^ "Hanks tops 'most trusted' index", BBC, September 27, 2006.
- ^ "A real Movie challenge". BBC. November 9, 2006.
- ^ Tyler, Joshua. "Tom Hanks Confirmed For Da Vinci Code Sequel", Cinema Blend, April 10, 2007.
- ^ Fleming, Michael. "Howard moves fast with 'Code' sequel", Variety, October 24, 2007.
- ^ "Where the Wild Things Are". Box Office Mojo. Accessed October 19, 2009.
- ^ Tom Hanks on Toy Story 3 from firstshowing.net.
- ^ Holden, Stephen (2011-06-30). "Stymied in Middle Age, Reaching for a New Life". The New York Times. http://movies.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/movies/tom-hanks-and-julia-roberts-in-larry-crowne-review.html. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Larry Crowne (2011)". Rotten Tomatoes. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/larry_crowne/. Retrieved 2011-07-23.
- ^ "Tom Hanks to play Walt Disney in Saving Mr Banks". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2012/apr/11/tom-hanks-walt-disney-mary-poppins. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ "Tom Hanks to Play Capt. Richard Phillips in Somali Pirate Hostage Story". Hollywood Reporter. 15th March, 2011. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/tom-hanks-play-capt-richard-167846. Retrieved 2012-04-13.
- ^ "People Index." Box Office Mojo.
- ^ "Tom Hanks profile at Box Office Mojo". Boxofficemojo.com. http://www.boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?id=tomhanks.htm. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
- ^ Danny Leigh (January 12, 2001). "Desert island risks". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2001/jan/12/culture.awardsandprizes. Retrieved October 9, 2010.
- ^ http://www.usmagazine.com/fe_dev.php/celebrities/tom-hanks,[dead link] Us Magazine.
- ^ Tom Hanks, E! Entertainment Television.
- ^ Jennifer Suh (January 13, 2011). "Frat star to rap star: Chet Hanks". The Northwestern Daily. http://www.dailynorthwestern.com/the-current/frat-star-to-rap-star-chet-hanks-1.2431525. Retrieved January 13, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ Jordan, Julie (February 3, 2011). "Tom Hanks's Son Colin Hanks Welcomes Daughter Olivia Jane". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20463405,00.html. Retrieved February 22, 2011.
- ^ Beware: Celebrity Endorsement par Tom Hanks from Vidéos MySpaceTV
- ^ "Hollywood Loves Hybrid Cars", Washington Post
- ^ Video on YouTube[dead link]
- ^ "Bird-like electric car to make Palo Alto debut". Retrieved February 1, 2010
- ^ "Tracking the Money: The Final Numbers", Los Angeles Times
- ^ California propositions: Proposition 8, county-by-county map, margin of victory, Los Angeles Times
- ^ "Tom Hanks Get Payback for Prop 8" from Lonsberry.com.
- ^ "Tom Hanks Says Mormon Supporters of Proposition 8 'Un-American'", Fox News.
- ^ "Tom Hanks Apologizes for Calling Mormon Supporters of Proposition 8 'Un-American'", Fox News
- ^ Memoli, Michael (March 16, 2012). "Grassroots reactions to Obama's "The Road We've Traveled" Video". Las Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-grassroots-reactions-to-obamas-the-road-weve-traveled-video-20120316,0,6154612.story?track=rss&utm_source=dlvr.it&utm_medium=twitter&dlvrit=56325. Retrieved March 17, 2012.
- ^ Douglas S. Morrow Public Outreach Award. Retrieved February 1, 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Army honors Tom Hanks",[dead link] Associated Press
- ^ "The Dave Clark Five". Captainerniesshowboat.com. http://www.captainerniesshowboat.com/marshalj. Retrieved March 15, 2011.
- ^ "12818 Tomhanks (1996 GU8)". NASA.gov. http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=12818+Tomhanks. Retrieved 2011-08-03.
- ^ "Berlinale: 1994 Prize Winners". berlinale.de. http://www.berlinale.de/en/archiv/jahresarchive/1994/03_preistr_ger_1994/03_Preistraeger_1994.html. Retrieved 2011-12-29.
- ^ "2010 IGN Award for Favorite Hero". IGN. http://uk.movies.ign.com/summer-awards/2010/favorite-hero.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ "2010 IGN Award for Best Ensemble Cast". IGN. http://uk.movies.ign.com/summer-awards/2010/best-ensemble-cast.html. Retrieved November 13, 2011.
- ^ AFI Life Achievement Award
Further reading[link]
- Gardner, David, Tom Hanks: The Unauthorized Biography, London, England 1999
- Gardner, David, Tom Hanks: Enigma 2007
- Pfeiffer, Lee, The Films of Tom Hanks, Secaucus, New Jersey, 1996
- Salamon, Julie, The Devil's Candy: The Bonfire of the Vanities Goes to Hollywood, Boston, 1991
- Trakin, Roy, Tom Hanks: Journey to Stardom, 1987; rev. ed.1995
- Wallner, Rosemary, Tom Hanks: Academy Award-Winning Actor, Edina, Minnesota, 1994
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tom Hanks |
- Tom Hanks at the Internet Movie Database
- Tom Hanks on Twitter
- Tom Hanks' Facebook Page
- Tom Hanks's channel on YouTube
- Tom Hanks at Yahoo! Movies
- Tom Hanks's thoughts on Earth Day 2006
- Interview from 1989 issue of Film Comment
- Tom Hanks's films of the 1980s
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hanks, Tom |
| Alternative names | Hanks, Thomas Jeffrey |
| Short description | Actor |
| Date of birth | July 9, 1956 |
| Place of birth | Concord, California, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Tom_Hanks
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Хэнкс, Том
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Hanks
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Shahrukh" redirects here. For the Timurid dynasty ruler, see Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty).
"King of Bollywood" redirects here. For the film, see King of Bollywood (film).
| Shahrukh Khan | |
|---|---|
 Shahrukh Khan at TAG Heuer Press Conference. |
|
| Born | (1965-11-02) 2 November 1965 (age 46) New Delhi, India |
| Residence | Mumbai, Maharashtra, India[1] |
| Other names | King Khan, SRK, King of Bollywood, The Baadshah of Bollywood[2] |
| Occupation | Actor, producer, television presenter |
| Years active | 1988—present |
| Spouse | Gauri Khan (1991—present) |
| Children | 2 |
Shahrukh Khan (pronounced [‘ʃaːɦrəx ˈxaːn]; born 2 November 1965), often credited as Shah Rukh Khan and informally referred to as SRK, is an Indian film actor. Known as "The King of Bollywood", Khan has acted in over 70 Hindi films.[3][4][5] He has won fourteen Filmfare Awards from thirty nominations for his work in Indian films and shares the record for the highest number of Best Actor awards with Dilip Kumar, eight wins. In 2005, the Government of India honoured him with the Padma Shri for his contributions towards Indian cinema.
After graduating with a Bachelor's degree in economics, he started his career appearing in theatre and several television serials in the late 1980s and later made his Hindi film debut in 1992 with Deewana. Early in his career he was recognised for his unconventional choice of negative roles in films such as Darr (1993), Baazigar (1993) and Anjaam (1994). Since then he has played leading roles in a wide variety of film genres, including romantic films, comedies, thrillers, action films, sport films, and historical dramas among others.
Eleven of the films he has acted in have accumulated gross earnings of over 
1 billion (US$19.95 million).[6] Khan's films such as Dilwale Dulhaniya Le Jayenge (1995), Kuch Kuch Hota Hai (1998), Devdas (2002), Chak De! India (2007), Om Shanti Om (2007), Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi (2008), and Ra.One (2011) remain some of Bollywood's biggest hits, while films like Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... (2001), Kal Ho Naa Ho (2003), Veer-Zaara (2004), Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna (2006), My Name Is Khan (2010), and Don 2 (2011) have been top-grossing Indian productions in the overseas markets thus making him one of the most successful leading actors of Hindi cinema.[7]
In addition to movie acting, Khan is a television presenter, a regular stage performer, and a social activist. He is the founder/owner of two production companies: Dreamz Unlimited and Red Chillies Entertainment and, along with actress Juhi Chawla and her husband Jay Mehta, the owner of the Indian Premier League cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders. Khan is considered to be one of the biggest movie stars in history, with a fan following claimed to number in the billions.[3][8] He has an estimated net worth of over 25 billion (US$540 million).[9][10] In 2008, Newsweek named Khan one of the 50 most powerful people in the world.[3]
Contents |
Early life and background[link]
Khan was born on 2 November 1965 to Muslim parents of Pathan descent in New Delhi, India.[11][12] His father, Taj Mohammed Khan, was an Indian independence activist from Peshawar, British India. According to Khan, his paternal grandfather was originally from Afghanistan.[13] His mother, Lateef Fatima, was the adopted daughter of Major General Shah Nawaz Khan of the Janjua Rajput clan, who served in the Indian National Army.[14] Khan's father came to New Delhi from Qissa Khawani Bazaar in Peshawar before the partition of India,[15] Ethnically, he describes himself as being half-Pathan through his father and half-Hyderabadi through his mother, with his paternal grandmother being Kashmiri.[16] His father died from cancer when Khan was 15 years old, and his mother died in 1990 after prolonged illness.[17][18] Khan was very attached to his parents as a child and describes their early deaths as a turning point in his life and as his biggest motivation for hard work. Khan explained his ideology in life was "... to make movies so damn bloody big...that my parents somewhere sit down on a star and from there also can look at their son and say 'I can see his movies from here better than I can see the Wall of China or anything. We see his movies covering the face of this earth'."[19] Khan has an elder sister named Shehnaz.[20]
Growing up in Rajendra Nagar neighbourhood of Delhi,[21] Khan attended St. Columba's School where he was accomplished in sports, drama, and academics. He won the Sword of Honour, an annual award given to the student who best represents the spirit of the school. Khan later attended the Hansraj College (1985–1988) and earned his Bachelors degree in Economics. When Hansraj College celebrated its 50th anniversary, it gave away 17 shields to its alumni who had excelled in their lives and professions. Khan was one of them. Though he pursued a Masters Degree in Mass Communications at Jamia Millia Islamia, he later opted out to pursue a career in Bollywood.[22] He also attended the National School of Drama in Delhi.[23]
After the death of his mother, Khan moved to Mumbai in 1991.[24] He married Gauri Chibber, a Hindu, in a traditional Hindu wedding ceremony on 25 October 1991.[17] They have two children, son Aryan (b. 1997) and daughter Suhana (b. 2000). According to Khan, while he strongly believes in Allah, he also values his wife's religion. At home, his children follow both religions, with the Qur'an being situated next to the Hindu deities.[25]
Khan studied acting under celebrated theatre director Barry John at Delhi's "Theatre Action Group" (TAG). In 2007, John commented on his former pupil, "The credit for the phenomenally successful development and management of Shahrukh's career goes to the superstar himself."[26] Khan started shooting for Lekh Tandon's television series Dil Dariya, but its delay meant that he made his acting debut with the 1988 television series, Fauji, playing the leading role of Commando Abhimanyu Rai.[24][27] He went on to appear in other television serials, such as Aziz Mirza's Circus in 1989, which depicted the life of circus performers.[28] The same year, Khan also had a minor role in the made-for-television English-language film, In Which Annie Gives it Those Ones, which was based on life at Delhi University, written by Arundhati Roy. When he appeared in those teleserials, people found in him some resemblance with actor Dilip Kumar and also compared his acting style with the latter's.[29]
Acting career[link]
1990s[link]
Khan received his first break upon moving from New Delhi to Mumbai when Hema Malini offered him a role in her directorial debut Dil Aashna Hai.[24] However, the delay in the release of the film meant that his first release was Deewana opposite Rishi Kapoor and Divya Bharti.[23][30] The movie became a box office hit, and launched his career in Bollywood.[31] His performance won him a Filmfare Best Male Debut Award. In a 2001 interview with Rediff, Khan recalled: "Actually, June 26 marks exactly 11 years since I faced the cameras for my first shot for Dil Aashna Hai, in 1990. I knew it would be a tough field, a very demanding profession."[23] He went on to star in Maya Memsaab, which generated some controversy because of his appearance in an "explicit" sex scene in the movie.[32]
In 1993, Khan won acclaim for his performances in villainous roles as an obsessive lover and a murderer, respectively, in the box office hits, Darr and Baazigar.[33] In Khan's entry in Encyclopædia Britannica's "Encyclopedia of Hindi Cinema" it was stated that "he defied the image of the conventional hero in both these films and created his own version of the revisionist hero."[34] Darr marked his first collaboration with renowned film-maker Yash Chopra and his banner Yash Raj Films, the largest production company in Bollywood. Khan's scene in the film, in which he makes obsessive phone calls to Chawla's character stammering "i love you, kkkiran," attained great popularity.[35] Baazigar, which saw Khan portraying an ambiguous avenger who murders his girlfriend, shocked its Indian audience with an unexpected violation of the standard Bollywood formula.[36] His performance won him his first Filmfare Best Actor Award. In that same year, Khan played the role of a young musician in Kundan Shah's Kabhi Haan Kabhi Naa, a performance that earned him a Filmfare Critics Award for Best Performance. In a 2004 retrospective review by Rediff, Sukanya Verma called it Khan's best performance and added:"He was spontaneous, vulnerable, boyish, mischievous and acting straight from the heart."[37] Khan maintains that this is his all-time favourite among the movies he has acted in.[38] In 1994, Khan once again played an obsessive lover/psycho's role in Anjaam, co-starring alongside Madhuri Dixit. Though the movie was not a box office success, Khan's performance earned him the Filmfare Best Villain Award.[39]
In 1995, Khan starred in the two biggest hits of the year in India. His first release was Rakesh Roshan's Karan Arjun, Khan was part of an ensemble cast including Salman Khan, Kajol, Mamta Kulkarni, Raakhee and Amrish Puri. The film, which dealt with reincarnation, became the second-highest grossing film of the year in India.[40] He followed it with Aditya Chopra's directorial debut, the romance Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge. A major critical and commercial success, the movie became the year's top-grossing production in India and abroad.[41] The film was declared an all time blockbuster and it remains the longest-running film in the history of Indian cinema. Dilwale Dulhania Le Jayenge grossed over 1.2 billion. The film won ten Filmfare Awards, and Khan's performance as a young NRI who falls for Kajol's character while on a college vacation won him much critical acclaim and his second Best Actor Award. In 2005, Indiatimes Movies ranked the movie amongst the 25 Must See Bollywood Films, citing it as a "trendsetter of sorts".[42] In that same year's retrospective review by Rediff, Raja Sen stated, "Khan gives a fabulous performance, redefining the Lover for the 1990s with great panache. He's cool and flippant, but sincere enough to appeal to the junta. The performance itself is, like the best in the business, played well enough to come across as effortless, as non-acting."[43]
1996 proved a disappointing year for Khan, he appeared in two films—English Babu Desi Mem and Mahesh Bhatt' Chaahat both of which proved critically and commercially unsuccessful in India.[44] This was, however, followed by a comeback in 1997. He saw success with Subhash Ghai's social drama Pardes opposite newcomer Mahima Chaudhry. The film brought to light the culture shock and difficulties that may be involved in the cases of young Indian women immigrating to foreign countries after their marriage to Non Resident Indian men. It was one of the biggest hits of the year and earned him a nomination for the Best Actor Award at the Filmfare ceremony. He then appeared in Aziz Mirza's comedy Yes Boss which paired him with Juhi Chawla for the fourth time. The film was a moderately successful feature.[45] His second project with Yash Chopra as a director, Dil to Pagal Hai became that year's second highest-grossing movie, and he won his third Filmfare Best Actor Award for his role as a stage director who falls in love with one of his new actresses.[45]
In 1998, Khan starred in Karan Johar's directorial debut, Kuch Kuch Hota Hai, which paired him with Kajol and Rani Mukerji. The movie was declared an all time blockbuster, with a worldwide gross of over 1.03 billion.[46] Khan played the role of Rahul Khanna, a young college student who falls in love with his best friend after the death of his wife, years after breaking contact with her. His performance won him the Best Actor award at the Filmfare Awards for the second consecutive year. He won critical praise for his performance in Mani Ratnam's critically acclaimed Dil Se.., in which he played the part of Amar Varma, an All India Radio correspondent who falls deeply in love with a mysterious woman terrorist, played by Manisha Koirala.[47] Rediff wrote: "Khan delivers a compelling performance. He plays the part with taut restraint, and expresses exasperation superbly."[48] The movie failed financially in India, however, it was a commercial success overseas.[49] becoming the first Indian film to enter the top 10 in the United Kingdom box office charts.[50][51] Khan's only release in 1999, Baadshah opposite Twinkle Khanna, was an average grosser, for which he earned a Filmfare Award nomination for Best Performance in a Comic Role.[52]
2000s[link]
Khan's success continued with Aditya Chopra's 2000 film, Mohabbatein, co-starring Amitabh Bachchan. The film was a major financial success, and Khan's performance as a college teacher was acclaimed by critics; Taran Adarsh of Bollywood Hungama wrote that he "is outstanding as Raj Aryan." He was awarded his second Filmfare Critics Award for Best Actor for the role. He also starred in Mansoor Khan's action film Josh. The film starred Khan as the tough leader of a Christian gang in Goa and Aishwarya Rai as his twin sister, and was also a box office success.[53] In a positive review, Vinayak Chakravorty of Hindustan Times wrote that Khan "basks in his tailormade role, donning with panache the garb of a streetsmart tough."[54] He further played the role of an archaeologist Muslim beaten to death by Hindu fanatics during the unrest following the partition of India in Hey Ram. Directed by and co-starring Kamal Hassan, the film was critically acclaimed and was selected as India's entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the Oscars that year.[55] Khan also dubbed his own voice in Tamil for the film.[56] In that same year, Khan set up his own production house, Dreamz Unlimited with Juhi Chawla and director Aziz Mirza (see below). The three collaborated on the first film of their production house, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani.[53]
In 2001, His collaboration with Karan Johar continued with the family drama Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham in which he featured as part of an ensemble cast that included Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bachchan, Kareena Kapoor, Kajol and Hrithik Roshan. the movie was a major financial success and became India's second highest-grossing film of the year and one of the biggest Bollywood success of all time in the overseas market, earning over 1,000 million (US$19.95 million) worldwide.[57] Khan's portrayal of Rahul Raichand, an adopted young man who's disowned by his rich and powerful father, played by Bachchan, for marrying a middle-class girl Anjali, played by Kajol was well received by critics. Taran Adarsh commented, "Khan sparkles yet again", noting that he performed the part "with amazing poise, class, honesty and maturity".[58] It garnered him a nomination for the Filmfare Best Actor Award. This was his last collaboration with Kajol until they would be cast again by Johar as a lead pair in early 2010.
The same year, Khan essayed the role of Emperor Asoka in Santosh Sivan's historical epic, Asoka, a partly fictionalised account of the life of Ashoka the Great.[59] It was widely screened across the United Kingdom and North America, and was also selected for screening at the Venice Film Festival and the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival, where it got positive response.[60] While promoting the film in New York City, Khan along with the film director, Sivan were stuck in the city due to the 11 September terrorist attack on the World Trade Center.[60] The film received generally positive reviews and Khan received favourable reactions for his performance, Rediff concluded that "He puts in a strong performance, in this well defined role."[61]
In 2002, Khan played the title role in Sanjay Leela Bhansali's award-winning period romance, Devdas which was the most expensive Bollywood film ever made at the time.[62] This was the third Hindi movie adaptation of Sharat Chandra Chattopadhyay's well-known novel of the same name. Featured opposite Aishwarya Rai and Madhuri Dixit, Khan's performance as a rebellious alcoholic is often considered one of his best performances, and won him a Filmfare Best Actor Award. The film surfaced as the highest-grossing film of the year in India and overseas, earning a revenue of 39 million (US$778,050) domestically.[63][64] Devdas won numerous awards, including 10 Filmfare Awards and received a special screening at the 2002 Cannes Film Festival.[65][66] It received a BAFTA nomination for Best Foreign Language Film as well and was India's entry for Best Foreign Language Film at the Oscars. After the release of the film, Khan took a six months break from acting, he explained that during that period he "Just enjoyed the feeling of being sad". In an interview with Rediff, Khan commented: "For an entire year, that is what I did. I was sad. " and added, "We stars live in this bubble where everyone is smiling at you, where everyone loves you. Somehow, you lose touch with real, deep down sadness. Working on this film put us in touch with that emotion."[23] Khan also starred opposite Madhuri Dixit and Salman Khan in the family-drama Hum Tumhare Hain Sanam. The film took six years to make, with huge sabbaticals in between shoots due to unending production problems,[67] and was an average grosser at the box office.[63]
In 2003, Khan starred in Aziz Mirza's romantic drama, Chalte Chalte opposite Rani Mukerji. The film was moderately successful in India but fared much better in the overseas.[68][69] Khan played the role of Raj Mathur, a middle class man who falls in love and marries Priya Chopra, a successful fashion designer whose family is quite wealthy. But after the marriage, differences arise between the couple, leading to an irreversible separation. Manish Gajjar of BBC mentioned that he is "a sheer natural which explains why he is a great asset to Bollywood." Several critics were not as positive, including Vivek Fernandes from Rediff, who noted: "Shah Rukh hams and haws his way through the film – biting his lip, crinkling his eyebrows – it is oh-so-familiar. He is over the top, especially as the inebriated Raj who confronts the estranged wife."[70]
That same year, he starred in Kal Ho Naa Ho a drama set in New York City, written by Karan Johar and directed by Nikhil Advani co-starring Jaya Bachchan, Preity Zinta and Saif Ali Khan. Khan's performance as a man with a fatal heart disease was met with positive response from critics. The Hindu noted, "His enthusiasm unbounded, his energy unbridled, Shah Rukh is in form here. And as a guy with a few days to live and a life to spend in a moment, he looks for your sympathy. He reduces many to tears. And with each tear he rises a rank higher in the echelons of actors".[71] while rediff concluded, "Shah Rukh excels as the supercool Aman (...) He steals the show with a designer-made role."[72] The film was a critical and commercial success, becoming the second top-grossing movie domestically and the top-grossing Bollywood film in the overseas market that year.[68] When adjusted for inflation its total gross worldwide is 1.3 billion.[73] The film earned him another Filmfare Best Actor Award nomination.
2004 was a particularly good year for Khan, both commercially and critically. He produced and starred in Farah Khan's directorial debut, the action comedy Main Hoon Na. The movie did well at the box office. He then played the role of an Indian officer, Veer Pratap Singh in Yash Chopra's love saga Veer-Zaara, which was the biggest hit of 2004 in both India and overseas, with a worldwide gross of over 960 million.[57][74] It was also screened at the Berlin Film Festival.[75] The film relates the love story of Veer and a Pakistani woman Zaara Haayat Khan, played by Preity Zinta. Khan's performance in the film was praised by critics and won him awards at several award ceremonies. Rama Sharma from The Tribune wrote:"Shah Rukh Khan here scales the heights of sensitivity, rising above the mundane. His expressions are mature and reach out to touch the heart of the common man. As a prisoner lodged in a Pakistani jail, he breathes life into the story. His trauma becomes a saga and speaks about the untold sufferings of innocent prisoners."[76]
In that same year, he received critical acclaim for his performance in Ashutosh Gowariker's drama Swades which most of the critics deemed as one of his best performance till date.[77] Jitesh Pillai said of his role, "Ultimately your heart leaps out to the magical Shah Rukh Khan, who unarguably gives his career's finest performance. Shorn of any artifice or nervous energy, his anguish is tangible. He inhabits Mohan Bharghava with consummate ease, you can feel the earnestness of his intentions, the wetness of his tears".[78] His performance was later included in the 2010 issue of the "Top 80 Iconic Performances" by Filmfare.[79] He was nominated for the Filmfare Best Actor Award for all three of his releases in 2004, winning it for Swades.[74] The film itself was featured on Rediff's list of the 10 Best Bollywood Movies of the Decade.[80]
His only release in 2005, Paheli opposite Rani Mukerji, was screened at the Sundance Film Festival and was chosen as India’s official entry to the Oscars for the 79th Academy Awards.[81] The film was critically acclaimed, as was Khan's performance, which Raja Sen called " A top-notch performance, [That] justifies his supremacy in the film world".[82] In 2006, Khan collaborated with Karan Johar for the third time with the melodrama Kabhi Alvida Na Kehna, with an ensemble cast including Amitabh Bachchan, Preity Zinta, Abhishek Bachchan, Rani Mukerji and Kirron Kher. The film told the story of two unhappily married couples in New York, which later results in an extramarital affair. Khan played the role of Dev Saran, a bitter and cynical former football player who is jealous of his wife Rhea's successful career as a fashion magazine editor, played by Zinta. The film opened to mixed reviews but emerged as a major commercial success; becoming the biggest Bollywood hit in the overseas market of all-time. It grossed over 1.13 billion worldwide[57][83]
File:SRK and Farah on OSO set.jpg
Khan with director Farah Khan on the sets of Om Shanti Om (2007).
His second release that year saw him playing the title role in the action film Don, a remake of the 1978 hit film of the same name. He played the character of Don, a role which was played by Amitabh Bachchan in the original movie. While the film was generally well received, Khan's performance received mixed critical reactions. His performance was extensively compared to that of Bachchan. Taran Adarsh noted that Khan "carries a massive responsibility on his shoulders since direct comparisons with Bachchan are foreseeable" adding that "He does very well as Don. He enacts the evil character with flourish. But he fails to carry off the other role [Vijay] with conviction. It looks made up, it doesn't come natural to him at all."[84] While Derek Elley of Variety argued that "it's hard to accept him (Khan) as the title character" and that "Khan is far more convincing as Vijay, playing up to his rom-com fanbase with plenty of boyish humor."[85] The film became the fifth-highest grossing film of the year in India.[83] and the highest grossing film of the year in the overseas market. It grossed a total of 1.04 billion worldwide.[57] Both the films earned him Filmfare Best Actor Award nominations while his role as Don earned him a nomination for the Asian Film Awards.
Khan's success continued with a few more highly popular films. One of his most successful works was the multiple award-winning 2007 film, Chak De! India, about the Indian women's national hockey team. The film was a major critical and commercial success in India and abroad.[86] Earning over 1.03 billion worldwide.[57] Chak De! India became the third-highest grossing movie of 2007 in India and won yet another Filmfare Award for Best Actor for Khan. Rajeev Masand from CNN-IBN wrote about his performance, "For the first time since Swades, Shah Rukh plays a role without any of his typical trappings, without any of his trademark quirks. He sinks his teeth into the part of the determined coach and comes up with such a terrific performance. He's hopeful at times and despondent at others, he's humorous at times, and stern at others. He plays Kabir Khan like a real flesh-and-blood human being."[87] Filmfare also included his performance in the 2010 issue of the "Top 80 Iconic Performances" and commented:
| “ | It´s hard for an actor who is on the top of the heap to let go and reconstruct himself. It´s like asking a style icon to wear drab everyday clothes. Shah Rukh Khan does all that and more and reiterates the fact that beneath the nation´s sweetheart avatar lies a brilliant actor. His heartbreak at missing the goal at the film´s beginning is heartfelt, his frustration at not making his team work together is something any coach will identify with and his jubilation when he waves the Indian flag makes us proud to be Indians. The scene where he goes back home and is accepted by his neighbors once again – the satisfaction in his eyes, the half-hesitant smile – the relief of acceptance is mixed with the bitter-sweet realisation that in the end, nothing succeeds like success.[88] | ” |
In the same year Khan also starred in Farah Khan's 2007 film, Om Shanti Om. A re-incarnation melodrama. Khan essayed the role of Om Prakash Makhija, a junior artiste from the 70s who is reborn thirty years later as a superstar named Om Kapoor, he then attempts to discover the mystery of his demise and avenge the death of his lost love. His performance was generally well received by critics; Khalid Mohammed from Hindustan Times wrote, "Above all the enterprise belongs to Shah Rukh Khan, who tackles comedy, high drama and action with his signature style – spontaneous and intuitively intelligent."[89] The film emerged as the year's highest grossing film in India and the overseas market, and became India's highest grossing production ever up to that point with a worldwide gross of over 1.48 billion.[90] It earned him another nomination for Best Actor at the Filmfare ceremony.
In 2008, Khan collaborated with Aditya Chopra for the third time with the romantic drama Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi opposite newcomer Anushka Sharma where he played a double role, one of Surinder Sahni, a shy self-described geek who works for Punjab Power in Amritsar whose love for beautiful, vivacious Taani, played by Sharma, causes him to transform himself into the loud and fun-loving Raj to win her love. The film received positive reviews and was declared a blockbuster, and had been concluded as the second-highest grossing film of all-time to that point by the end of the year.[91] His performance was appreciated by critics. Rachel Saltz of New York Times stated: "The Surinder/Raj dual role seems tailor-made (probably was) for Mr. Khan, who gets to show off his twin talents: he suffers nobly and entertains with panache."[92] It earned him yet again another nomination for Best Actor at the Filmfare ceremony.
In December of the same year, Khan suffered a serious shoulder injury while filming a special appearance in Mudassar Aziz's Dulha Mil Gaya. He went through extensive physiotherapy sessions while shooting for My Name Is Khan at the time, but due to immense pain that left him almost immobile, he had to undergo an arthroscopic surgery in February 2009 after the shooting schedule for the film in the United States was over.[93][94]
2010s[link]
Khan's next film was My Name Is Khan, his fourth collaboration with director Karan Johar and the sixth movie in which he is paired with Kajol. Filming commenced in December 2008 in Los Angeles and ended in October 2009. While in Los Angeles, along with his wife Gauri and director Karan Johar, he took a break from filming to attend the 66th Golden Globe Awards, held in Los Angeles, on 11 January 2009,[95][96] where he was introduced as the King of Bollywood.[97] Khan introduced Slumdog Millionaire, a movie he had previously turned down, along with a star from the film, Freida Pinto.
My Name Is Khan was released on 12 February 2010.[98] Based on a true story, and set against the backdrop of perceptions on Islam post 11 September attacks, My Name Is Khan stars Khan as Rizwan Khan, a Muslim man suffering from Asperger syndrome who sets out on a journey across America on a mission to meet the country's President and clear his name. Khan admitted that it was a very difficult role to play and that he had to spent several months of research including reading books, watching videos and talking to people affected with the disorder in an effort to get into the skin of the character.[99] In an interview with Hindustan Times he said, "Whenever you're dealing with a disorder or a near atypical situation, the first thought is that the sort of parameters you have to set that in no which way you are derogatory or deriding the disorder. The second part is you have to come as close to reality in depicting that characterization and so one had to study a lot and one does get worried"[100] During a promotional visit to the United States, Khan was detained at Newark Airport, New Jersey because of the similarity of his last name to known terrorists.[101] Upon release, the film received positive reviews from critics and became the highest-grossing Bollywood film of all-time in the overseas market up until then. Khan's performance in the film was appreciated by most critics and earned him his eighth Filmfare Award for Best Actor, thereby joining Dilip Kumar as the record holder in this category. Jay Wesissberg from Variety wrote, "Khan uses the mannerisms associated with Asperger's – averted eyes, springy steps, stuttered repetitions of memorized texts – yet captures the personality beneath the condition in a standout performance sure to receive the Autism Society's gold seal of approval."[102]
His first release in 2011 was Anubhav Sinha's science fiction superhero film Ra.One opposite Kareena Kapoor. The film, which follows the story of a London-based videogame designer who creates the strongest villain that escaped to the real world was billed as Bollywood's most expensive film.[103] With an estimated budget of 125 crore (US$24.94 million),[104] it witnessed massive campaigning and the use of several technology equipments not used in Bollywood before.[105] The film was a box office success, grossing 2.4 billion worldwide.[106][107] Khan was involved in other aspects of the making of Ra.One—he volunteered to write the film's console game script, dubbed for it, and oversaw its technical development; he also authored the digital comics based on the film's characters.[108][109] Upon release, the film which saw Khan playing a double role, received mixed reactions from critics in India and Khan himself received mixed reviews. While most critics praised his performance as the robotic superhero G.one, they panned the one of Shekhar, the videogame designer. Rajeev Masand concluded: "The only real standout performance is by Shah Rukh Khan. His Aiyyo-speaking Shekhar Subramaniam is caricaturish but charming, while as G.One, he gives even his robotic video-game character a charismatic edge." while DNA India added: "Another half attempt comes from the lead actor: Khan is in his element and endearing as superhero G.One, but annoyingly over the top as video game creator Shekhar".[110][111]
His second release of the year was Don 2, a sequel to his 2006 film Don. The film marked Khan's return to playing villainous characters since his earlier films like Darr and Baazigar.[112] Khan experimented with a variety of looks, including long unkempt hair and stubble.[113] He also bulked up for the film by developing a six pack and decided to perform all of his own stunts.[114][115] His performance fetched him critical praise, Nikhat Kazmi of The Times of India noted, "Shah Rukh remains in command and never loses his foothold, neither through the dramatic sequences nor through the action cuts."[116] The film was a major success in India and it went on to become the year's highest-grossing Bollywood production abroad with a worldwide gross of more than 2.1 billion.[117][118] It earned him another nomination for Best Actor at the Filmfare ceremony .[119]
In January 2012, he has started filming for Yash Chopra's Untitled project, opposite Katrina Kaif and Anushka Sharma.[120]
Producer[link]
Khan turned producer when he set up a production company called Dreamz Unlimited with Juhi Chawla and director Aziz Mirza in 1999.[121] The first film he produced and starred in, Phir Bhi Dil Hai Hindustani (2000), co-starring Chawla herself and directed by Mirza was a critical and commercial failure. The following year, he produced Asoka which was a box office failure.[59] However, it was well received by critics, and was nominated for the Filmfare Best Movie Award. The film was also selected for screening at the Venice Film Festival and the 2001 Toronto International Film Festival. His third film as a producer and star, Chalte Chalte, proved a box office hit.[122]
In 2004, Khan took over his old production company Dreamz Unlimited and transformed it into Red Chillies Entertainment with his wife Gauri also serving as a producer.[123] In the same year he produced and starred in Main Hoon Na, another hit, which was directed by his friend and well-known choreographer Farah Khan.[74] The film earned a nomination for the Filmfare Best Actor Award. The following year, he produced and starred in the fantasy film Paheli, which did poorly.[124] It was, however, critically acclaimed and was selected as India's official entry to the Academy Awards for consideration for Best Foreign Language Film, but it did not pass the final selection. Also in 2005, Khan co-produced the supernatural horror film Kaal with Karan Johar, and performed an item number for the film with Malaika Arora Khan. Kaal was moderately successful at the box office.[124]
In 2007, Khan produced Om Shanti Om also directed by Farah Khan. The film was a major commercial success, and was declared India's highest grossing production ever up to that point. The film received generally positive reviews from critics, and went on to win several awards for special effects and Art Direction. It was also nominated for the Filmfare Best Movie Award. His company has further gone on to produce Billu (2009), and Always Kabhi Kabhi (2011). During the filming of My Name Is Khan, Karan Johar producer of the film and head of Dharma Productions, asked Khan to co-produce the film under his production company.[125] The both will further collaborate in Johar's next directorial venture Student Of The Year.
Since the creation of his company, Khan was keen on making a VFX-loaded film.[126] The company continued working on other projects and seeking for the right film until they finally decided on Ra.One (2011). The pre-production work began in 2007 after the release of Om Shanti Om.[126] The film's crew consisted of more than 5,000 members from India, Italy and the US, and was pieced together by more than 1,000 people, working in shifts, in around 15 studios across the world.[127] It saw the inclusion of several visual effects techniques being incorporated in the production which were carried out by Red Chillies VFX.[126] With an estimated budget of 125 crore (US$23.75 million), Ra.One was the second-most expensive film ever produced in Indian cinema, and the most expensive Bollywood film[103][109] The film witnessed a level of publicity campaigning previously unseen in India films, with marketing taking place over a period of nine months and involving major brand tie-ups of a 52 crore (US$9.88 million) which set the record for the largest marketing budget in India.[128] Khan is also one of the producers of Don 2 (2011), but not through his production company. The movie was a major success in India and abroad.
Apart from film production, the company also has a visual effects studio known as Red Chillies VFX which had been involved with many major movies like Chak De India, Om Shanti Om, Dostana, and Kurbaan. As well as studios for TV commercials known as Red Chillies TVC and TV shows/serials known as Red Chillies Idiot Box, which conceived popular shows like Up Close & Personal with PZ and Ishaan. The company also has a little over 50% stake in the Cricket team Kolkata Knight Riders often abbreviated as KKR, in the BCCI-backed IPL cricket competition.[129]
Philanthropy[link]
Khan is known for keeping a low profile and secrecy on his social commitments and Humanitarian work.[130][131] In an interview with The Guardian he stated that his reason for keeping his charity work guarded was because "it's not out of guilt. Somewhere in the Qur'an it says that if you do charity for a reason, it's not charity."[132] Apart from regular donations to organisations and individuals, especially in the case of AIDS and cancer patients, he is behind the creation of a children's ward at the Nanavati hospital in Mumbai, in memory of his late mother.[131][133] Khan is also active with relief funds when the Indian nation faces a natural calamity.[131] He also lent his name to various government campaigns throughout the years, notably those of Pulse Polio immunisation campaign which was established in 1995 to eradicate poliomyelitis in India by vaccinating all children under the age of five years against the polio virus, the National AIDS Control Organisation and the National Rural Health Mission of India which aims to provide accessible, affordable, effective and reliable health care service to the people of India residing in villages.[134] Khan is a member of the board of directors of Make-A-Wish Foundation in India.[135]
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In March 2004, Khan visited the border post at the Attari-Wagah section of the Indo-Pak border, near Amritsar (the only one where people can cross over to the other side) to boost the morale of the jawans. It was for a TV show called Jai Jawan where entertainers and stars visit Indian troops in far-flung regions to encourage them along with the NDTV team.[136] In February 2005, Khan performed at the HELP! Telethon Concert to help raise money for the victims of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake in company with other Bollywood stars and also donated 2.5 million for the Prime Minister Manmohan Singh's Tsunami Relief Fund for the tsunami-affected areas in India.[137][138] He organised and participated in the Temptations 2005 show in New Delhi which helped to raise funds for the National Centre For Promotional of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP), a leading disabled rights group.[139] In 2007, he collaborated with veteran artist M.F. Husain to create a canvas in celebration of 60 years of Indian independence at a charity auction in Bonhams, London. The painting was sold for over 12 million.[140]
During his 2009 appearance at the NDTV Greenathon, Khan adopted five villages in Bhitarkanika National Park in Kendrapara, to provide them with electricity under the solar energy harnessing project in its title initiative 'Light A Billion Lives'.[141] The following year, he adopted eight more villages, and again adopted eleven during his appearance in in the third edition of the event. In the 2012 edition of of the initiative, he again adopted twelve villages.[142][143][144] In 2009, Khan committed to bear all the expenses for the treatment of two Kashmiri orphan children who suffered severe burns during a terrorist grenade attack in Srinagar. He also visited the two orphans at the hospital.[145]
In 2011, Khan teamed up with Amitabh Bachchan and English actress Judi Dench to promote Resul Pookutty's foundation that works to better the living conditions of the underprivileged in India. The campaign aims to spread awareness on the cause of education among the impoverished, in India and also discourages child labour in the low income bracket of society and focus on providing opportunities to let children have a proper childhood.[146] the same year, he was honoured with the UNESCO's Pyramide con Marni award for his charity engagements and social commitment towards providing education for kids thus becoming the first Indian to win the accolade.[147] Later that year, Khan was appointed by The UNOPS to be the first global ambassador of The Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council that works to improve the lives of poor people by enhancing collaboration among sector agencies and professionals around sanitation and water supply.[148] During Ra.One's premiere in Dubai in October 2011, Khan along with co-stars Kareena Kapoor and Arjun Rampal held a high-profile dinner and charity auction, which raised AED 30,000 for building a workshop for children with special needs.[149]
Non-film work[link]
Television presenting[link]
In 2007, Khan replaced Amitabh Bachchan as the host of the third season of the game show Kaun Banega Crorepati popularly known as KBC, the Indian version of Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?.[150] The previous had hosted the show for two previous seasons in 2000 and 2005. On 22 January 2007, Kaun Banega Crorepati aired with Khan as the new host. The grand prize amount of 2 crore rupees (approx. $430,000 USD) was still used in KBC3.[151] and later ended on 19 April 2007 with a special finale.[152] In an interview with The Times Of India, Khan explained that he was offered to host the second season of the show as well but he turned it down because Bachchan wanted to do it then.[153] For his work at KBC 3, Khan won the best anchor at various awards ceremonies including The Global Indian Film and Television Honours and Indian Telly Awards.
A year later, Khan began hosting the game show Kya Aap Paanchvi Pass Se Tez Hain?, the Indian version of Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?,[154] The show premiered on 25 April 2008 and the last episode was telecast on 27 July 2008 with Lalu Prasad Yadav as the special guest.[155] On 1 February 2011, he began hosting Zor Ka Jhatka: Total Wipeout, the Indian version of the American game show Wipeout, on Imagine TV. The show ended on 25 February 2011 with Kushal Punjabi as the winner.[156]
Stage performances[link]
Khan is a stage performer and has participated in several world tours and concerts. In 1997, he preformed in the Asha Bhosle's: Moments In Time in Malaysia. He returned to another concert there the following year with Shahrukh—Karisma: Live in Malaysia concert. In 1999, he was part of The Awesome Foursome, which included Salman Khan, Juhi Chawla and Twinkle Khanna.[157] In November 2002, Khan took part in the Fire & Flames concert in Malaysia, alongside Rani Mukerji, Saif Ali Khan and BPL-Oye VJ Raageshwari with a 40-member troupe of singers and dancers.[157] In the same year, he participated in the show From India With Love in the UK, along with Amitabh Bachchan, Aamir Khan, Preity Zinta and Aishwarya Rai. It took place at two outdoor venues, Manchester's Old Trafford and London's Hyde Park, with over 100,000 spectators.[158]
Khan participated in a concert tour titled Temptations 2004 which was the most successful Bollywood concert at the time. Khan performed alongside Saif Ali Khan, Rani Mukerji, Preity Zinta, Arjun Rampal and Priyanka Chopra in nineteen stage shows across the globe. He sang, danced and performed in skits.[159] In 2008, Khan set up Temptation Reloaded 2008, a series of concerts showcased across several different countries. The show, which also featured Kareena Kapoor, Arjun Rampal, Katrina Kaif, Ganesh Hegde, Javed Ali and Anusha Dandekar, took place at the Ahoy Rotterdam venue in Rotterdam, Netherlands.[160] Several months later, he again joined Kapoor, Rampal and Kaif to perform for 15,000 spectators at Dubai's Festival City Arena.[161] In 2010, Khan performed alongside Rani Mukerji, Arjun Rampal, Neeraj Shridhar and Ishaa Koppikar for a concert at the Army Stadium, Dhaka, Bangladesh to a packed audience.[162] And in 2011, he joined Shahid Kapoor and Priyanka Chopra in the Friendship Concert, celebrating 150 years of India-South Africa friendship in Durban, South Africa.[163]
Ownership of IPL cricket team[link]
In 2008, Khan in partnership with actress Juhi Chawla Mehta and her husband Jay Mehta acquired ownership rights for the franchise representing Kolkata in the Twenty20 cricket tournament Indian Premier League, for a price of USD 75.09 million (Rs 357 crores), and have since named the team Kolkata Knight Riders. KKR is the richest team in the IPL and it has been ranked as the most valued with a brand value of $42.1 million.[164] Financially, the KKR are the most profitable and successful franchise in the IPL as well.[165][166] The team was surrounded with controversy and poor on-field performance through the first three years of the tournament.[167] It's performance, however, improved from the fourth season and they eventually became the IPL champions for the first time in 2012.[168]
In 9 April 2012, Khan was served a notice by the Rajasthan Police for smoking in public after he was caught smoking on camera during a match between the Kolkata Knight Riders and the Rajasthan Royals on April 8.[169] and in 16 May of the same year he received a five-year ban from the Wankhede Stadium for arguing with security at the ground after a match between his team and The Mumbai Indians.[170] Khan later apologised to the children and his fans after his team won the final match at Chennai on May 27.[171] The Mumbai Cricket Association in return stated that it had taken note of the apology but had not withdrawn the ban.[172]
In the media[link]
Khan was given the birth name "Shahrukh" (meaning "Face of the King"), but prefers his name to be written as "Shah Rukh Khan", and is also commonly referred to as SRK.[173] Khan has various homes in India and abroad. His house in Mumbai called Mannat is a well-known tourist spot and is considered a heritage building, deemed important to the townscape and hence exempt from demolition.[1] In addition, he also had a house in New Delhi.[174] Khan also owns a £20 million apartment in London and a villa on the Palm Jumeirah. He said in a television interview that "I bought the house, because one can see the island from the moon."[175][176] Khan's net worth is estimated at over 25 billion (US$540 million)[177][178]
Khan has been noted for having several trademark mannerisms, gestures and ways of delivering dialogues.[37][87] As it has been cited by CNN-IBN: "The mannerisms that have earned him both brickbats and endeared him to his fans over the years – that half nod, raised brow gesture, a deep dimpled smile and a deliberate stammer – were absent when he debuted. If he picked them up later to addapt to the big screen, they stayed for the rest of his acting career."[179] Due to his appearance in numerous romantic films, Khan has developed a "romantic lover boy" image and is referred to as the "King of Romance" by media outlets.[180][181][182] He has been accused of repeating himself through the type of characters that he played, referred to as the "Rajs and Rahuls", or him not being able to shed the superstar persona on screen and often playing himself.[183] In 2011, Rediff listed him in the top 10 "Readers Choice: The Greatest Actors of all time".[184]
Globally, Khan is considered to be one of the biggest movie stars, with a fan following claimed to number in the billions. He is also of one the most watched movie stars in the world, and one of the most recognisable faces of Indian cinema.[185][186][187][132] In 2008, Newsweek named him one of the 50 most powerful people in the world.[3] In 2011, The Los Angeles Times noted: "He is the biggest movie star you’ve never heard of. And perhaps the world’s biggest movie star, period."[188] His success and popularity has been attributed as the result of his emergence in the era of liberalisation and changing economic scenario in the 1990s. He was often described as the face and catalyst of a new consumerist urban society, and that he has managed to personify "the restless spirit of post-liberalization, ambitious, assertive and yet feel-good India."[189][190][191]
In 2004, Khan was awarded the Filmfare Power Award (shared with Amitabh Bachachan) for topping the Filmfare list of the "Ten Most Powerful Names of Bollywood", and again in 2005. In 2006 he was ranked as second overall behind Yash Chopra and his son Aditya and the most powerful actor, an achievement he would go on to repeat till 2009.[192][193] He occupied the top slot of Box Office India's Top Actors list for the first time in 1994 for two consecutive years, then again in 1998 and for the majority of the 2000s (from 2002 till 2008).[194] He was voted the sexiest Asian man in the world by Eastern Eye in 2007, and was ranked third in 2008 and 2011.[195][196] In a 2009 poll conducted by the newspaper DNA, he was voted as India's second most popular icon behind Sachin Tendulkar.[197] In a 2012 Hindustan Times Youth Survey, Khan was declared as the biggest role model for youth in India.[198]
Khan is often labelled by the Media as "Brand SRK" due to his various brand endorsement and entrepreneurship ventures. The Times Of India noted “Khan has established himself as a brand on the map of the film industry. Hailing from a non-filmi background with no pedigree to boast of and no godfather to pull strings, the St. Columba's alumnus has become a muse. ”[199] In 2005, he launched his own perfume, labelled "Tiger Eyes by SRK" by the French perfume brand Jeanne Arthes.[200] In 2009, Khan was crowned as the "Brand Ambassador of the Year" at the CNBC Awaaz consumer awards and in 2010 won the ‘Brand Ambassador of the Year’ award at NDTV Profit Car & Bike Awards.[201][202] He is also is one of the top paid Bollywood actors in this respect.[203] While in 2003, he endorsed eight brands, his endorsement rose up to a total of thirteen brands in 2004 and in 2005, he endorsed twenty one brands, thirty four brands in 2009 and twenty five in 2011.[204][205] Some of the brands that he has endorsed over the years are Pepsi, Nokia, Hyundai, Sunfeast, Videocon, Airtel, Himani, Nerolac Paints, Dish TV, D'decor and Tag Heuer.[204][205] In 2011, Khan was appointed the brand ambassador of the Champions League Twenty20.[206]
In 2005, Nasreen Munni Kabir produced a two-part documentary on Khan, titled The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan. Featuring his 2004 Temptations concert tour, the film contrasted Khan's inner world of family and daily life with the outer world of his work. The book Still Reading Khan by Mushtaq Sheikh, which details his family life, was released in 2006. Another book by Anupama Chopra, King of Bollywood: Shahrukh Khan and the seductive world of Indian cinema, was released in 2007. It describes the world of Bollywood through Khan's life.[207][208] In 2010, Discovery Travel & Living channel produced a ten-part series titled Living with a Superstar-Shah Rukh Khan. The series was the biggest Indian show on television, with a budget of nearly 20 million, highlighting Khan’s daily living, film-making, IPL venture and global lifestyle.[203][209] Khan is also the first actor and the second Indian after Sachin Tandulkar to have an official Opus dedicated to him.[210]
Awards and honours[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Shahrukh Khan
Filmography[link]
Main article: Shahrukh Khan: Filmography
See also[link]
Notes[link]
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- ^ "i am half hyderabadi( mom ) half pathan( Dad)some kashmiri (grandmom) born in delhi life in mumbai punjabi wife kolkata team.indian at heart". 27 August 2010. http://twitter.com/#!/iamsrk/status/21639346475.
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Bibliography[link]
- Nasreen Munni Kabir. The Inner and Outer World of Shah Rukh Khan (Documentary, 2005).
- Chopra, Anupama. King of Bollywood : Shah Rukh Khan and the seductive world of Indian cinema (English). New York: Warner Books, 2007. ISBN 978-0-446-57858-5.
- Shahrukh Khan – Still Reading Khan. A1Books Distributor 2007. ISBN 978-81-87107-79-8.
- Gahlot, Deepa; Singh, Dipali and Agarwal, Amit. King Khan SRK. Augsburg Weltbild 2007. ISBN 978-3-8289-8869-9.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Shahrukh Khan |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Shahrukh Khan |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Khan, Shahrukh |
| Alternative names | Shah Rukh Khan, SRK |
| Short description | Film actor |
| Date of birth | 2 November 1965 |
| Place of birth | New Delhi, India |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
Shelly Kagan is the Clark Professor of Philosophy at Yale University and the former Henry R. Luce Professor of Social Thought and Ethics. Originally a native of Skokie, Illinois, he received his B.A. from Wesleyan University and his Ph.D. from Princeton University under the supervision of Thomas Nagel in 1982. He taught at the University of Pittsburgh and at the University of Illinois at Chicago before arriving at Yale.[1]
Contents |
Philosophy[link]
According to his Yale web page, his main research interests "lie in moral philosophy, in particular normative ethics. Indeed, his second book is a systematic survey of the field of normative ethics, considered analytically (rather than historically, as is more typical of textbooks in ethics). More particularly still, much of his work centers on the debate between consequentialist and deontological moral theories."[2]
An article in the Yale Bulletin and Calendar says that his book The Limits of Morality "critiques so-called ordinary morality; the view that there are limits to what morality can impose on humans; and defends the doctrine of classical utilitarianism, which holds that people are morally obliged, without limit, to do as much good as they can." His Normative Ethics "examines how to judge the rightness or wrongness of actions, exploring such factors as consequences, harm and consent."[1]
Kagan's Yale course "Death" was recorded for Open Yale Courses in Spring 2007 <http://oyc.yale.edu/philosophy/phil-176> and the book Death is based on these lectures. [2] Kagan also explores the concept of desert, which is a philosophical concept of what individuals do or do not deserve, in his forthcoming book The Geometry of Desert. [2]
Kagan is a member of the editorial board of the journal Ethics.[1]
Bibliography[link]
- Normative Ethics, Westview Press, 1997. ISBN 0-8133-0846-1.
- The Limits of Morality, Oxford University Press, 1989. ISBN 0-19-823916-5.
- Death, Yale University Press, 2012. ISBN 978-0-300-18084-8.
- The Geometry of Desert, Oxford University Press, August 2012.ISBN 0199895597.
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c "Shelly Kagan named Clark Professor of Philosophy", Yale Bulletin and Calendar, July 23, 2004, Volume 32, Number 33 retrieved November 19, 2008.
- ^ a b c Kagan's Yale web page retrieved April 26, 2012.
External links[link]
- Kagan's course "Death" at Open Yale Courses. Includes audio and video files of course lectures.
| Persondata | |
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| Name | Kagan, Shelly |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Shelly_Kagan
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelly_Kagan
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Barbara Walters | |
|---|---|
 Barbara Walters in New York City, June 2011 |
|
| Born | Barbara Jill Walters (1929-09-25) September 25, 1929 (age 82) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Occupation | Journalist |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Notable credit(s) | Co-anchor and contributor of ABC Evening News and ABC World News Today show anchor (1961–1976) Not For Women Only host (1971–1976) ABC Evening News anchor (1976–1978) 20/20 host (1984–2004) The View creator/co-host (1997–present) |
| Salary | $12 million (2007)[1] |
| Spouse | Robert Henry Katz (m.1955–1958; annulled) Lee Guber (m.1963–1976; divorced) Merv Adelson (m.1981–1984; divorced) Merv Adelson (m.1986–1992; divorced) |
| Children | 1 |
Barbara Jill Walters[2] (born September 25, 1929) is an American broadcast journalist, author, and television personality. She has hosted morning television shows (Today and The View), the television news magazine (20/20), former co-anchor of the ABC World News, and current contributor to ABC News.
Walters was first known as a popular TV morning news anchor for over 10 years on NBC's Today, where she worked with Hugh Downs and later hosts Frank McGee and Jim Hartz. Walters later spent 25 years as co-host of ABC's news magazine 20/20. She was the first female co-anchor of network evening news, working with Harry Reasoner on the ABC Evening News, and continuing as a contributor to the network news division and its flagship program, ABC World News.
In 1996, Walters was ranked #34 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.[3]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Walters was born in 1929 in Boston, the daughter of Dena (née Seletsky) and Louis "Lou" Walters (born Louis Warmwater).[4] Her parents were both Jewish[5] and descendants of refugees from the former Russian Empire, now Eastern Europe.[6] Walters' paternal grandfather, Abraham Isaac, was from what is now Łódź, Poland, and first immigrated to England, changing his name first to Warmwater and later to Abraham Walters (the original family surname was Waremwasser).[6][7][8] Walters' father was born there c. 1894, and moved to the United States with his family in 1900.[9] In 1937, her father opened the New York version of the Latin Quarter; he also worked as a Broadway producer (he produced the Ziegfeld Follies of 1943).[10][11] He also was the Entertainment Director for the Tropicana Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, where he imported the "Folies Bergere" stage show from Paris to the resort's main showroom.[12] Walters' brother, Burton, died in 1932 of pneumonia.[13] Walters' elder sister, Jacqueline, was born mentally disabled[14] and died of ovarian cancer in 1985. She has another half sister, Walda Walters Anderson, born to a different mother.[citation needed]
According to Walters, being surrounded by celebrities when she was young kept her from being "in awe" of them.[14] When she was a young woman, Walters' father lost his nightclubs and the family's penthouse on Central Park West. As Walters recalled, "He had a breakdown. He went down to live in our house in Florida, and then the Government took the house, and they took the car, and they took the furniture." Of her mother, she said, "My mother should have married the way her friends did, to a man who was a doctor or who was in the dress business."[15]
After attending Ethical Culture Fieldston School and Birch Wathen Lenox School[16][17] private schools in New York City,[13] Walters graduated from Miami Beach High School in 1947. In 1951 she received a B.A. in English from Sarah Lawrence College.[18]
Career and accolades[link]
After a brief period as a publicist with Tex McCrary Inc. and a job as a writer at CBS News, Walters joined NBC's The Today Show as a writer and researcher in 1961.[14] She moved up to become that show's regular "Today Girl", handling lighter assignments and the weather. In her autobiography, she describes this era before the Women's Movement as a time when it was believed that nobody would take a woman seriously reporting "hard news". Previous "Today Girls" (whom Walters called "tea pourers") included Florence Henderson, Helen O'Connell, Estelle Parsons and Lee Meriwether.[19] Within a year she had become a reporter-at-large developing, writing, and editing her own reports and interviews.[14] When Frank McGee was named host, he refused to do joint interviews with Walters unless he was given the first four questions. She was not named co-host of the show until McGee's death in 1974, when NBC officially designated Walters as the program's first female co-host.
Walters has seldom minced words when describing the visible, on-the-air disdain her co-anchor, Harry Reasoner, displayed for her when she was teamed up with him on the ABC Evening News in 1976–78. Reasoner had a difficult relationship with Walters because he disliked having a co-anchor, even though he worked with former CBS colleague Howard K. Smith nightly on ABC for several years. In 1981, five years after the start of their short-lived ABC partnership and well after Reasoner returned to CBS News, Walters and her former co-anchor had a memorable (and cordial) 20/20 interview on the occasion of Reasoner's new book release.[citation needed]
Walters is also known for her years on the ABC newsmagazine 20/20 where she joined host Hugh Downs in 1979.[14] Throughout her career at ABC, Walters has appeared on ABC news specials as a commentator, including presidential inaugurations and the coverage of 9/11. She was also chosen to be the moderator for the third and final debate between candidates Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford, held on the campus of the College of William and Mary at Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall in Williamsburg, Virginia, during the 1976 Presidential Election.[20] In 1984, she moderated a Presidential debate held at the Dana Center for the Humanities at Saint Anselm College in Goffstown, New Hampshire.[21] Many of her regular and special programs are syndicated around the world. As of 2004, she is in semi-retirement as a broadcast journalist, but remains a correspondent for ABC News as well as a host of ABC's special programs.
Awards[link]
On June 14, 2007, Walters received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. She has won Daytime and Prime Time Emmy Awards, a Women in Film Lucy Award, and a GLAAD Excellence in Media award. Her impact on the popular culture is illustrated by Gilda Radner's "Baba Wawa" impersonation of her on Saturday Night Live,[14] featuring her idiosyncratic speech with its rounded "R". In 2008, she was honored with the Disney Legends award, an award given to those who made an outstanding contribution to The Walt Disney Company, which owns the network ABC. That same year, she received the Lifetime Achievement Award from the New York Women's Agenda. On September 21, 2009, Walters was honored with a Lifetime Achievement Award at the 30th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards at New York City's Lincoln Center.
Interviews[link]
On March 7, 2010, Barbara Walters announced she would no longer hold Oscar interviews, but will still be working with ABC and on her show, The View.[22]
In a November 2010 episode of The View, while interviewing Larry King on his retirement from CNN, Walters alluded to her impending retirement, stating, "I know when my time's coming."
Walters is known for "personality journalism" and her "scoop" interviews.[14] In November 1977, she achieved a joint interview with Egypt's President, Anwar Al Sadat, and Israel's Prime Minister, Menachem Begin. Her interviews with world leaders from all walks of life are a chronicle of the latter part of the 20th century.[14] They include the Shah of Iran Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and his wife the Empress Farah Pahlavi; Russia's Boris Yeltsin; China's Jiang Zemin; the UK's Margaret Thatcher; Cuba's Fidel Castro, as well as India's Indira Gandhi, Václav Havel, Muammar al-Gaddafi, King Hussein of Jordan, King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, Bashar al-Assad president of Syria among many others. Other interviews with influential people include pop icon Michael Jackson, Katharine Hepburn, Anna Wintour, and in 1980 Laurence Olivier. Walters considered Dr. Robert Smithdas, a deaf-blind man who spent his life improving the life of other individuals who are deaf-blind, as her most inspirational interview.
Walters was widely lampooned in 1981 (and often since) for having posed the question, during an interview with actress Katharine Hepburn: "If you were a tree, what kind would you be?" But as she has often pointed out (and the video clips confirm) Hepburn initiated the discussion by saying that she would like to be a tree, and Walters merely followed up with the question, "What kind of a tree?"[14][23]
During a story about Cuban leader Fidel Castro, Walters claimed that "for Castro, freedom begins with education." Some critics[who?] point to her characterization of Castro as freedom-loving and argue that it painted an inaccurate picture of his government.[citation needed]
On March 3, 1999, her interview of Monica Lewinsky was seen by a record 74 million viewers, the highest rating ever for a journalist's interview. Walters asked Lewinsky, "What will you tell your children about this matter?" and Lewinsky replied, "I guess Mommy made some mistakes," at which point Walters brought the program to a dramatic conclusion, turning to the viewers, saying, "And that is the understatement of the year."
[edit] The View
Main article: The View (U.S. TV series)
Walters is a part-time host of the daytime talk show The View, of which she is also co-creator and co-executive producer with her business partner Bill Geddie.[14] Walters described the show in its original opening credits as a forum for women of "different generations, backgrounds, and views." She added, "Be careful what you wish for..." The show's current co-hosts are Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Sherri Shepherd. Previous co-hosts include Meredith Vieira, Lisa Ling, Rosie O'Donnell, Star Jones, and Debbie Matenopoulos.
In 2007 Barbara defended co-host O'Donnell about remarks the latter made against Donald Trump and the winner of the Miss USA pageant. Trump firmly responded by saying, "Barbara is off the list..."[24]
Personal life[link]
Walters has been married four times to three different men. "I'm convinced that you stay married when the sex is bad, only because you really want to be," she told The New York Times in 1996. "But I always had an out. I had this job, and this life and enough money. I didn't have to fight the bad days."[15] Her husbands were:
- Robert Henry Katz, a business executive and former Navy lieutenant. They married on June 20, 1955, at The Plaza Hotel in New York City. The marriage was reportedly annulled in 1958.[2][25]
- Lee Guber, theatrical producer and theater owner. They married on December 8, 1963, and divorced in 1976. They have one daughter, Jacqueline Dena Guber (born 1968, adopted the same year).
- Merv Adelson, the CEO of Lorimar Television. They married in 1981 and divorced in 1984 and were married again on May 10, 1986, and divorced in 1992.
She dated gay lawyer[26][27] Roy Cohn in college, and the lawyer said that he proposed marriage to Walters the night before her wedding to Lee Guber, but Walters denied this.[13] She explained her lifelong devotion to Cohn as gratitude for his help in her adoption of her daughter, Jacqueline.[28] In her autobiography, Walters says that Cohn got her father's warrant for "failure to appear" dismissed.[29]
Walters dated future U.S. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan in the 1970s,[30] and was linked romantically to United States Senator John Warner in the 1990s.[31]
In Walters's autobiography, Audition, she claimed that she had an affair in the 1970s with Edward Brooke, then a married United States Senator from Massachusetts. It is not clear whether Walters also was married at the time. Walters said that the affair ended to protect their careers from scandal.[32]
She announced on the May 10, 2010 episode of The View, that she would be undergoing open heart surgery to replace a faulty aortic valve. Walters added that she knew for quite a while that she was suffering from aortic valve stenosis, even though she was symptom-free. The procedure to fix the faulty heart valve "went well, and the doctors are very pleased with the outcome," Walters' spokeswoman, Cindi Berger, said in a statement on May 14, 2010.[33]
On July 9, 2010, it was announced that Walters would return to The View and her Sirius XM satellite show Here's Barbara in September 2010.[34][35]
Walters has been close friends with Fox News head Roger Ailes since the late 1960s.[36]
Books[link]
In the late 1960s, Walters wrote a magazine article, How to Talk to Practically Anyone About Practically Anything, which drew upon the kinds of things people said to her, which were often mistakes.[37] Shortly after the article appeared, she received a letter from Doubleday expressing interest in expanding it into a book. Walters felt that it would help "tongue-tied, socially awkward people — the many people who worry that they can't think of the right thing to say to start a conversation."[37] She published the book in 1970, with the assistance of ghostwriter June Callwood.[38] To Walters' great surprise, the book was a phenomenon. As of 2008, it had gone through eight printings, sold hundreds of thousands of copies worldwide, and had been translated into at least 6 different languages.[37]
In 2008, she published her autobiography, Audition: A Memoir.
Awards and nominations[link]
- 1975 Award for Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host (Today)
- 1998 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 1998 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 1999 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 1999 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2000 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2000 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2001 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2001 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2002 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2002 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2003 Award for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2003 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2004 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2004 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2005 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2005 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2006 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2006 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2007 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2007 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2008 Nomination for Best Talk Show (The View)
- 2008 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2009 Award for Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host (The View) (with Whoopi Goldberg, Joy Behar, Elisabeth Hasselbeck and Sherri Shepherd)
- 2010 Nomination for Best Talk Show Host (The View)
- 2009 Award for Best Talk Series (The View)
- 2010 Nomination for Best Talk Series
Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Award
- 1998 Lucy Award in recognition of her excellence and innovation in her creative works that have enhanced the perception of women through the medium of television.[39]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Barbara Walters". Forbes.com. 2007. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/53/07celebrities_Barbara-Walters_O4HQ.html. Retrieved 2008-05-08.
- ^ a b "Miss Walters engaged". The New York Times: p. 96. 1955-05-01.
- ^ "Special Collectors' Issue: 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time". TV Guide (December 14–20). 1996.
- ^ Stated on Finding Your Roots, PBS, April 1, 2012
- ^ Quinn, Sally (2006-12-22). "Television Personality Looks Anew At Religion". Washington Post/Newsweek. http://newsweek.washingtonpost.com/onfaith/guestvoices/2006/12/television_personality_looks_a.html. Retrieved 2006-12-22.
- ^ a b Walters, Barbara (2008). Audition: A Memoir. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 7–13. ISBN 978-0-307-26646-0.
- ^ http://www.npr.org/2012/03/23/149222907/helping-celebrities-find-their-roots
- ^ http://sfluxe.com/2012/03/21/owen-tv-celebrities-trace-their-genealogy-on-finding-your-roots/
- ^ Ancestry of Barbara Walters. Genealogy.com (2002-03-22). Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ "Lou Walters, Nightclub Impresario and Founder of Latin Quarter, Dies". The New York Times. 1977-08-16. p. 36.
- ^ Lou Walters at Internet Broadway Database
- ^ Tropicana – Las Vegas Strip. A2zlasvegas.com. Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ a b c James Conaway, "How to talk with Barbara Walters about practically anything," The New York Times, 10 September 1972, page SM40, 43–44
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Stated in interview at Inside the Actors Studio
- ^ a b Elisabeth Bumiller, "So Famous, Such Clout, She Could Interview Herself", The New York Times, April 21, 1996, page H1
- ^ Can Barbara Walters's Career Survive Rosie and Donald's War?- New York Magazine. Nymag.com (2007-03-05). Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
- ^ Dowd, Maureen (1990-03-25). "And Now Back To You, Barbara". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C0CE2D71531F936A15750C0A966958260&sec=&spon=&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink. Retrieved 2010-04-26.
- ^ "WALTERS, BARBARA: U.S. Broadcast Journalist". museum.tv. http://www.museum.tv/archives/etv/W/htmlW/waltersbarb/waltersbarb.htm. Retrieved 2008-05-09.
- ^ Audition, pp. 107–114
- ^ CNN: 1976 Presidential Debates. Retrieved on June 14, 2008.
- ^ [1]
- ^ Allen, Nick (2010-03-07). "Barbara Walters to host last Oscars special amid 'overexposure' of stars". Telegraph (London: Telegraph Media Group Limited 2010). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/oscars/7393741/Barbara-Walters-to-host-last-Oscars-special-amid-overexposure-of-stars.html. Retrieved 2010-03-08.
- ^ Kate the Great, The Katharine Hepburn Forum – The Barbara Walters Interview Retrieved 2008-05-10[unreliable source?]
- ^ "Trump Says Barbara's Off "The List"". CBS News. 2007-03-27.
- ^ "Katz—Walters", The New York Times, June 21, 1955, page 36
- ^ Miller, Neil (2005). Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present. Advocate Books. pp. Ch. 18. ISBN 1-55583-870-7. http://www2.english.uiuc.edu/finnegan/English%20256/Miller.htm.
- ^ Wolfe, Tom (April 3, 1988). "Dangerous Obsessions". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE6D9163BF930A35757C0A96E948260&sec=&pagewanted=print.
- ^ Jerry Oppenheimer (1990), Barbara Walters: An Unauthorized Biography, St. Martin's Press
- ^ Wiegand, David (2008-05-05). "Barbara Walters gets personal. This time, she's candid about her own life.". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/05/DDTU10H1P9.DTL.
- ^ Terry Keenan (2007-09-23). "LISTEN TO SHILLER, NOT THE TV SHILLS". The New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/seven/09232007/business/listen_to_shiller__not_the_tv_.htm. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Barbara Walters". NNDb. 2007. http://www.nndb.com/people/440/000023371. Retrieved 2007-10-13.
- ^ "Barbara Walters: I had affair with U.S. senator", Associated Press, May 1, 2008
- ^ Associated Press (14 May 2010). "Barbara Walters' heart valve surgery 'went well'". The Boston Globe. http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2010/05/14/barbara_walters_heart_valve_surgery_went_well/. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
- ^ "Making Moves: Thursday, July 8, 2010". Radio-Info.com. July 8, 2010. http://www.radio-info.com/news/making-moves-thursday-july-8-2010.
- ^ "Barbara Walters Returns to Media Hosting Her Weekly SIRIUS XM Radio Show on July 12". Yahoo! Finance. http://finance.yahoo.com/news/Barbara-Walters-Returns-to-prnews-1477182584.html?x=0&.v=1.
- ^ Fehrman, Craig (2011-01-21) When Roger Ailes was honest about what he does, Salon.com
- ^ a b c Audition: A Memoir, pp. 186–9
- ^ June Callwood interview by Patrick Watson, September 21, 1979 Retrieved 18 October 2009.
- ^ Past Recipients. Wif.org. Retrieved on 2011-10-27.
External links[link]
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- Barbara Walters at the Internet Movie Database
- ABC News' "Time Tunnel" page containing clips of numerous newscasts on which Walters appeared
- Excerpts from 2008 autobiography, Audition: A Memoir
- Barbara Walters Archive of American Television Interview
| Media offices | ||
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| Preceded by Maureen O'Sullivan |
Today Girl 1964 |
Succeeded by Position abolished Female co-host precedent set by Barbara Walters |
| Preceded by John Chancellor |
Today Show Host June 13, 1966 – June 4, 1976 Hugh Downs and herself 1966–1971 Frank McGee and herself 1971–1974 Jim Hartz and herself 1974–1976 |
Succeeded by Tom Brokaw and Jane Pauley |
| Preceded by Harry Reasoner |
ABC Evening News Anchor Co-anchor with Harry Reasoner 1976–1978 |
Succeeded by Frank Reynolds, Max Robinson, and Peter Jennings |
| Preceded by Hugh Downs As sole host |
20/20 Host 1979–2004 Hugh Downs and herself 1979–1999 Solo 1999–2002 John Miller and herself 1/2002–1/2003 John Stossel and herself 2002–2004 |
Succeeded by Elizabeth Vargas and John Stossel |
| Preceded by None |
The View co-host 1997–present |
Incumbent |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Walters, Barbara Jill |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Journalist, television news anchor and talk show host |
| Date of birth | 1929-09-25 |
| Place of birth | Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Barbara_Walters
Related pages:
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http://es.wn.com/Barbara Walters
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Walters
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
2:41
Yale Graduate Marina Keegan's Tragic Car Accident and 'Embracing Life' Essay Moves Millions
ABCNews
Yale Graduate Marina Keegan's Tragic Car Accident and 'Embracing Life' Essay Moves Millions
Kevin Keegan and his wife, Tracy Keegan, were preparing to celebrate his 55th birthday and eagerly awaiting the homecoming of their daughter Marina and a college boyfriend they hoped to get to know better, just days after the two graduated from Yale University. But instead a state trooper arrived at the Keegan's door to deliver devastating news: There had been a car crash and Marina Keegan, who had a promising position as an editorial assistant at The New Yorker magazine ahead of her, was dead. "I was waiting with my lobster and birthday cake, which she loved," said Kevin Keegan. "I couldn't understand why after a week she wasn't home. Why can't she just be back?" Marina Keegan and Michael Gocksch were en route to the Keegans' summer house in Wellfleet, Mass., when Gocksch lost control of the car. The Lexus hit a guard rail, spun across the road to hit the opposite guard rail, then rolled over twice, according to the Cape Cod Times. Gocksch was uninjured, but Keegan died at the scene. This week her prophetic and inspirational essay, "The Opposite of Loneliness," with its heart-wrenching lines "We're so young. We're so young. We're 22 years old. We have so much time" has gone viral. For more on this story: abcnews.go.com
12:32
TEDxIB @ York - Yale Fox - Nightclubs as Research Labs
TEDxTalks
TEDxIB @ York - Yale Fox - Nightclubs as Research Labs
Yale researches social nightclub behaviour with a particular emphasis on music and how it affects people at an implicit level. With a background in biology, psychology, and sociology, Yale investigates such topics as how music can affect bar sales and people's ability to multitask, how it determines listening patterns, and how the stock market can affect mood, which in turn predicts the characteristics of popular music. His research has been published in international publications, documentaries, and textbooks. Additionally, Yale's position in the nightclub industry gives him access to a vast quantity of unique data, which has already led to some remarkable conclusions. More of Yales work can be found online at www.darwinvsthemachine.com TEDxIB@York is an event for International Baccalaureate Diploma students from all over the world to come together to experience TED talks and share ideas with peers and professionals. This event is held annually at The York School, a coeducational, non-denominational, IB, independent day school in Toronto, Canada. This event gives students a chance to see amazing speakers, musicians, artwork, poetry, videos and to connect with people from all walks of life in the spirit of "ideas worth spreading".
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