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Aretha Franklin
![Aretha Franklin - Think [1968] (Original Version)](http://web.archive.org./web/20120828041209im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/hsL9UL9qbv8/0.jpg "Aretha Franklin - Think / Song written by Aretha Franklin & Ted White / Album: Aretha Now (1968)")
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Fillmore West
The Fillmore West was an historic music venue in San Francisco, California made famous by concert promoter Bill Graham. Named after Graham's original "Fillmore" location at the intersection of Fillmore Street and Geary Boulevard, it stood at Market Street and South Van Ness Avenue and was formerly known as both The Carousel Ballroom and El Patio.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
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Memphis, Tennessee
Memphis is a city in the southwest corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers.
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New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
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Shelby, Mississippi
Shelby is a city in Bolivar County, Mississippi, United States. The population was 2,926 at the 2000 census.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
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Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
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Adolph Green
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Albertina Walker
Albertina Walker ( – ) was an American gospel singer.
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André Previn
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Aretha Franklin
Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American singer, songwriter and pianist commonly referred to as The Queen of Soul. Although renowned for her soul recordings, Franklin is also adept at jazz, blues, R&B; and gospel music. Rolling Stone magazine ranked Franklin No. 1 on its list of The Greatest Singers of All Time.
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Arif Mardin
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Ashford & Simpson
Nickolas Ashford (born May 4, 1942, in Fairfield County, South Carolina) and Valerie Simpson (born August 26, 1946 in The Bronx, New York) are a husband and wife songwriting/production team and recording artists. They met at Harlem's White Rock Baptist Church in 1963. After having recorded unsuccessfully as a duo, they joined aspiring solo artist and former member of the Ikettes, Josie Jo Armstead, at the Scepter/Wand label where their compositions were recorded by Ronnie Milsap ("Never Had It So Good"), Maxine Brown ("One Step At A Time"), as well as the Shirelles and Chuck Jackson. Another of the trio's songs "Let's Go Get Stoned" gave Ray Charles a number one U.S. R&B; hit in 1966. That same year Ashford & Simpson joined Motown where their best-known songs included "Ain't No Mountain High Enough", "You're All I Need To Get By", "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing", and "Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)". As performers, Ashford and Simpson's best-known song is "Solid" (1984 US and 1985 UK). The duo was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2002.
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Audra McDonald
Audra Ann McDonald (born July 3, 1970) is an American actress and singer. She currently stars in the ABC television drama Private Practice as Dr. Naomi Bennett. She has appeared on the stage in both musicals and dramas, such as Ragtime (musical) and A Raisin in the Sun. She maintains an active concert and recording career, performing song cycles and operas as well as performing in concert throughout the US. She has won the Tony Award four times and Grammy Award twice.
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B.B. King
Riley B. King (born September 16, 1925), known by the stage name B.B. King, is an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter acclaimed for his expressive singing and guitar playing.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
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Benny Carter
Bennett Lester Carter (August 8, 1907 – July 12, 2003) was an American jazz alto saxophonist, clarinetist, trumpeter, composer, arranger, and bandleader. He was a major figure in jazz from the 1930s to the 1990s, and was recognized as such by other jazz musicians who called him King. In 1958, he performed with Billie Holiday at the legendary Monterey Jazz Festival.
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Berry Gordy
Berry Gordy, Jr. (born November 28, 1929) is an American record producer, and the founder of the Motown record label, as well as its many subsidiaries.
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Betty Comden
Betty Comden (May 3, 1917 November 23, 2006) was one-half of the musical-comedy duo Comden and Green, who provided lyrics, libretti, and screenplays to some of the most beloved and successful Hollywood musicals and Broadway shows of the mid-20th century. Her writing partnership with Adolph Green lasted for six decades, during which time they collaborated with other leading entertainment figures such as the famed "Freed Unit" at MGM, Jule Styne and Leonard Bernstein.
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Billie Holiday
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Billy Wilder
Billy Wilder (22 June 190627 March 2002) was an Austrian-born American filmmaker, screenwriter, producer, artist, and journalist, whose career spanned more than 50 years and 60 films. He is regarded as one of the most brilliant and versatile filmmakers of Hollywood's golden age. Wilder is one of only five people who have won three Academy Awards for producing, directing and writing the same film (The Apartment).
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Bob Dylan
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C. L. Franklin
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Carolyn Franklin
Carolyn Ann Franklin (May 13, 1943 – April 25, 1988) was an American Gospel and Rhythm & Blues singer and songwriter.
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Charlton Heston
Charlton Heston (October 4, 1923 – April 5, 2008) was an American actor of film, theatre and television.
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Christina Aguilera
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Cissy Houston
Emily "Cissy" Drinkard Houston (born September 30, 1933) is a Grammy Award winning American soul and gospel singer. She led a very successful career as a backup singer for such artists as Elvis Presley, Mahalia Jackson, and Aretha Franklin, and is now primarily a solo artist. She is the mother of singer and actress Whitney Houston and aunt of Dionne Warwick and the late Dee Dee Warwick.
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Clara Ward
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Dan Aykroyd
Daniel Edward "Dan" Aykroyd, CM (born July 1, 1952) is a Canadian-American comedian, actor, screenwriter, musician, winemaker and ufologist. He was an original cast member of Saturday Night Live, an originator of The Blues Brothers (with John Belushi) and Ghostbusters and has had a long career as a film actor and screenwriter.
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Dennis Edwards
Dennis Edwards (born February 3, 1943) is a soul and R&B; singer, most noted for being one of Motown act The Temptations' lead singers replacing David Ruffin. He is the father of Issa Pointer, whose mother is Ruth Pointer of The Pointer Sisters.
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Dizzy Gillespie
John Birks "Dizzy" Gillespie (; October 21, 1917 – January 6, 1993) was an American jazz trumpet player, bandleader, singer, and composer.
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Edward Albee
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Edward Villella
Edward Villella (born October 1, 1936, Bayside, New York) is an American ballet dancer and choreographer, frequently cited as America's most celebrated male dancer.
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Elton John
Sir Elton Hercules John, CBE (born Reginald Kenneth Dwight; 25 March 1947) is an English singer-songwriter, composer and pianist. He has worked with his songwriting partner Bernie Taupin since 1967; they have collaborated on more than 30 albums to date.
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Erma Franklin
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Fayard Nicholas
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Fred Ebb
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George Benson
George Benson (born March 22, 1943) is a multi Grammy Award winning American musician, whose recording career began at the age of twenty-one as a jazz guitarist. He is also known as a pop, R&B;, and scat singer. This one-time child prodigy topped the Billboard 200 in 1976 with the triple-platinum album, Breezin'. He was also a major live attraction in the UK during the 1980s. Benson uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt.
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George Michael
George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (); June 25, 1963) is an English singer-songwriter who rose to fame in the 1980s when he formed the pop duo Wham! along with his school friend Andrew Ridgeley. His first solo single, "Careless Whisper" was released when he was still in the duo and sold about six million copies worldwide.
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Ginger Rogers
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Glynn Turman
Glynn Russell Turman (born January 31, 1947) is an American stage, television, and film actor as well as a writer, director, and producer. He is perhaps best known for his roles as high school student Leroy "Preach" Jackson in the 1975 coming-of-age film Cooley High, math professor and retired Army colonel Bradford Taylor on the NBC sitcom A Different World, and fictional Baltimore mayor Clarence Royce on the HBO drama series The Wire.
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Gregory Peck
Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an American actor.
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Halle Berry
Halle Berry (; born August 14, 1966) is an American actress, former fashion model, and beauty queen. Berry received an Emmy, Golden Globe, SAG, and an NAACP Image Award for Introducing Dorothy Dandridge and won an Academy Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for a BAFTA Award in 2001 for her performance in ''Monster's Ball'', becoming the first and, as of 2009, only woman of African American descent to have won the award for Best Actress. She is one of the most highly paid actresses in Hollywood and also a Revlon spokeswoman. She has also been involved in the production side of several of her films.
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Harold Nicholas
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Harold Prince
Harold Smith Prince (born January 30, 1928) is an American theatrical producer and director associated with many of the best-known Broadway musical productions of the past half-century. He has garnered twenty-one Tony Awards, more than any other individual, including eight for directing, eight for producing the year's Best Musical, two as Best Producer of a Musical, and three special awards. His shows are known for their political context, new approach to romance, and characters who sing and dance with thematic import.
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Ike Turner
Isaac Wister (Ike) Turner (November 5, 1931 – December 12, 2007) was an American musician, bandleader, talent scout, and record producer. Considered to be one of the fathers of rock and roll, his first recording, "Rocket 88" by "Jackie Brenston and his Delta Cats," in 1951, is considered by some to be the "first rock and roll song" ever. However, he is best known for his work with his then wife Tina Turner as one half of the Ike & Tina Turner revue. Spanning a career that lasted half a century, Ike's repertoire included blues, soul, rock, and funk. Alongside his former wife, he was inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1991 and in 2001 was inducted into the St. Louis Walk of Fame. Turner won two Grammy Awards. On August 5, 2010, Ike Turner got recognition in his Mississippi hometown nearly three years after his death. Clarksdale, officials and music fans gathered to unveil two markers honoring Turner and his musical legacy. The unveilings coincided with the 23rd annual Sunflower River Blues and Gospel Festival, dedicated this year to "Rocket 88," the 1951 Turner tune often cited as the first rock 'n' roll song.
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Jack Lemmon
John Uhler "Jack" Lemmon III (February 8, 1925 – June 27, 2001) was an American actor. He starred in more than 60 films including Some Like It Hot, The Apartment, Mister Roberts (for which he won the 1955 Best Supporting Actor Academy Award), Days of Wine and Roses, The Great Race, Irma la Douce, The Odd Couple, Save the Tiger (for which he won the 1973 Best Actor Academy Award), The Out-of-Towners, The China Syndrome, Missing, Glengarry Glen Ross, Grumpy Old Men and Grumpier Old Men.
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Jackie Wilson
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Jacques d'Amboise
'''Jacques d'Amboise''' (born July 28, 1934) is a well-known American ballet dancer, choreographer, and film actor.
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Jason Robards
Jason Nelson Robards, Jr. (July 26, 1922 – December 26, 2000) was an American actor on stage and in film and television and a winner of the Tony Award (theatre), two Academy Awards (film) and the Emmy Award (television). He was also a United States Navy combat veteran of World War II.
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Jennifer Hudson
Jennifer Kate Hudson (born September 12, 1981) is an American recording artist, actress and spokesperson. She came to prominence in 2004 as one of the finalists on the third season of American Idol coming in seventh place. She made her film debut in the 2006 film Dreamgirls which won her an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, a Golden Globe Award, a BAFTA Award, an NAACP Image Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
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Jerry Wexler
Gerald "Jerry" Wexler (January 10, 1917 – August 15, 2008) was a music journalist turned music producer, and was regarded as one of the major record industry players behind music from the 1950s through the 1980s. He coined the term "rhythm and blues", and was integral in signing and/or producing many of the biggest acts of the last 50 years, including Ray Charles, the Allman Brothers, Chris Connor, Aretha Franklin, Led Zeppelin, Wilson Pickett, Dusty Springfield and Bob Dylan. Wexler was inducted in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. Jerry Wexler was one of the most highly-regarded A&R; men in popular music history, a status bolstered by his accomplishments with Aretha Franklin.
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Jessye Norman
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Joanne Woodward
Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward (born February 27, 1930) is an Academy Award-winning American actress, television and theatrical producer, and widow of Paul Newman.
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John Belushi
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John Gilliland
[[Image:Ksfojohn.gif|frame|"John Gilliland at KSFO, c. 1971" Courtesy of [http://www.library.unt.edu/resolveuid/2778cba10090c91e58ce2854519b940a The John Gilliland Collection].]]
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John H. Hammond
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John Kander
John Harold Kander (born March 18, 1927) is the American composer of a number of musicals as part of the songwriting team of Kander and Ebb.
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Johnny Carson
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Johnny Cash
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Judith Jamison
Judith Anna Jamison (born May 10, 1943, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American dancer and choreographer, best known as the Artistic Director of Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater.
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Jule Styne
Jule Styne (December 31, 1905 – September 20, 1994) was a British-born American songwriter especially famous for a series of Broadway musicals, which included several very well known and frequently revived shows.
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Katharine Hepburn
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Kirk Douglas
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Lamont Dozier
Lamont Dozier (born Lamont Herbert Dozier June 16, 1941) is an American songwriter and record producer. He was born in Detroit, Michigan.
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Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske September 16, 1924) is an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.
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Lionel Hampton
Lionel Leo Hampton (April 20, 1908 – August 31, 2002) was an American jazz vibraphonist, pianist, percussionist, bandleader and actor. Like Red Norvo, he was one of the first jazz vibraphone players. Hampton ranks among the great names in jazz history, having worked with a who's who of jazz musicians, from Benny Goodman and Buddy Rich to Charlie Parker and Quincy Jones. In 1992, he was inducted into the Alabama Jazz Hall of Fame.
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Luciano Pavarotti
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Luther Vandross
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Maria Tallchief
Maria Tallchief (born January 24, 1925) was the first American prima ballerina. From 1942 to 1947 she danced with the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, but she is best known for her time with the New York City Ballet from 1947 to 1965.
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Marilyn Horne
Marilyn Horne (born January 16, 1934, Bradford, Pennsylvania) is an American mezzo-soprano opera singer. She specialized in roles requiring a large sound, beauty of tone, excellent breath support, and the ability to execute difficult coloratura passages.
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Marion Williams
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Martina McBride
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Marvin Gaye
Marvin Pentz Gaye, Jr. (April 2, 1939April 1, 1984), better known by his stage name Marvin Gaye, was an American singer-songwriter and instrumentalist with a three-octave vocal range. Starting as a member of the doo-wop group The Moonglows in the late fifties, he ventured into a solo career after the group disbanded in 1960 signing with the Tamla subsidiary of Motown Records. After starting off as a session drummer, Gaye ranked as the label's top-selling solo artist during the sixties.
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Mary J. Blige
Mary Jane Blige (surname ; born January 11, 1971), also known as Mary J. Blige, is an American singer, producer, songwriter, actress, and rapper. A recipient of nine Grammy Awards and many other honors, Blige has recorded eight multi-platinum albums. Blige has received the World Music Legends Award for combining hip hop and soul in the early 1990s. She was ranked number 100 in the list of 100 greatest singers of all time by Rolling Stone magazine. As of 2010, Blige has sold over 50 million albums and 15 million singles. Blige has cited Anita Baker, Chaka Khan and Aretha Franklin as influences.
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Matt "Guitar" Murphy
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Morton Gould
Morton Gould (December 10, 1913 – February 21, 1996) was an American composer, conductor, arranger, and pianist.
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Natalie Cole
Natalie Maria Cole (born February 6, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter and performer. She achieved success in her early career as an R&B; star, but smoothly changed her repertoire toward a more pop and jazz oriented musical style in the early 1990s. She has won nine Grammy Awards. Cole has been singing since she was 5 years old.
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Neil Simon
Neil Simon (born July 4, 1927) is an American playwright and screenwriter. His numerous Broadway successes have led to his work being among the most regularly performed in the world.
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Otis Redding
Otis Ray Redding, Jr. (September 9, 1941 December 10, 1967) was an American soul singer. Often called the "King of Soul", he is renowned for an ability to convey strong emotion through his voice. According to the website of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (where he was inducted in 1989), Redding's name is "synonymous with the term soul, music that arose out of the black experience in America through the transmutation of gospel and rhythm and blues into a form of funky, secular testifying." In addition, rock critic Jon Landau said in 1967, "Otis Redding is rock & roll". Redding died in a plane crash at the age of 26, one month before his biggest hit, "(Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay", was released.
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Patti LaBelle
Patti LaBelle (born Patricia Louise Holte; May 24, 1944) is an American singer and actress. She fronted two groups, Patti LaBelle and the Bluebelles, which received minor success on the pop charts in the 1960s, and Labelle, which received acclaim and a mainstream breakthrough in 1974 with their song "Lady Marmalade". She went on to have a solo recording career, earning another U.S. #1 single in 1986 with "On My Own", a duet with Michael McDonald.
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Paul Newman
http://wn.com/Paul_Newman -
Pete Seeger
Peter "Pete" Seeger (born May 3, 1919) is an American folk singer and an iconic figure in the mid-twentieth century American folk music revival:See Richard Silverstein,
http://wn.com/Pete_Seeger -
Quincy Jones
http://wn.com/Quincy_Jones -
Ray Bryant
Ray Bryant (Raphael Homer Bryant) (born December 24, 1931 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is an American Jazz pianist and composer.
http://wn.com/Ray_Bryant -
Risë Stevens
http://wn.com/Risë_Stevens -
Robert Conquest
George Robert Ackworth Conquest (born July 15, 1917) is a British historian who became a well-known writer and researcher on the Soviet Union with the publication in 1968 of The Great Terror, an account of Stalin's purges of the 1930s.
http://wn.com/Robert_Conquest -
Ronald Isley
Ronald Isley (; born May 21, 1941 in Cincinnati, Ohio, United States) is an American singer and is known as the lead singer and founding member of the family music group The Isley Brothers.
http://wn.com/Ronald_Isley -
Roy Acuff
Roy Claxton Acuff (September 15, 1903 – November 23, 1992) was an American country music singer, fiddler, and promoter. Known as the King of Country Music, Acuff is often credited with moving the genre from its early string band and "hoedown" format to the star singer-based format that helped make it internationally successful.
http://wn.com/Roy_Acuff -
Sam Cooke
Samuel Cook (January 22, 1931 – December 11, 1964), known professionally as Sam Cooke, was an American gospel, R&B;, soul, and pop singer, songwriter, and entrepreneur. He is considered to be one of the pioneers and founders of soul music. He is commonly known as The King of Soul for his unmatched vocal abilities and impact and influence on the modern world of music. His contribution in pioneering Soul music led to the rise of Aretha Franklin, Bobby Womack, Curtis Mayfield, Stevie Wonder, Marvin Gaye, and popularizing the likes of Otis Redding and James Brown.
http://wn.com/Sam_Cooke -
Sean Connery
Sir Thomas Sean Connery KBE (born 25 August 1930), more commonly known as Sean Connery, is a Scottish actor and producer who has won an Academy Award, two BAFTA Awards and three Golden Globes.
http://wn.com/Sean_Connery -
Shirley Temple
http://wn.com/Shirley_Temple -
Sidney Poitier
Sir Sidney Poitier, KBE ( or ; born February 20, 1927) is a Bahamian American actor, film director, author, and diplomat. He broke through as a star in acclaimed performances in American films and plays, which, by consciously defying racial stereotyping, gave a new dramatic credibility for black actors to mainstream film audiences in the Western world.
http://wn.com/Sidney_Poitier -
Smokey Robinson
William "Smokey" Robinson, Jr. (born February 19, 1940) is an American R&B; and soul singer-songwriter, record producer, and former record executive. Robinson is one of the primary figures associated with Motown, second only to the company's founder, Berry Gordy. Robinson's consistent commercial success and creative contributions to the label have earned him the title "King of Motown."
http://wn.com/Smokey_Robinson -
Spirit in the Dark
Spirit in the Dark is an album by Aretha Franklin, released in 1970. It received mostly positive reviews but was met with middling sales. Despite having two hit singles "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)" which peaked at #1 R&B;, #11 on the Hot 100, and "Spirit in the Dark" peaking at #3 R&B; and #23 Hot 100 in Billboard magazine. It was Aretha's first Atlantic album to fall short of Billboard's Top 20. The album is considered one of Aretha's classic Atlantic Records Lp's. In the 1990s Rhino Records reissued this recording on compact disc.
http://wn.com/Spirit_in_the_Dark -
Stephen Sondheim
Stephen Joshua Sondheim (born March 22, 1930) is an American composer and lyricist for stage and film. He is the winner of an Academy Award, multiple Tony Awards (eight, more than any other composer) including the Special Tony Award for Lifetime Achievement in the Theatre, multiple Grammy Awards, and a Pulitzer Prize. His most famous scores include (as composer/lyricist) A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Company, Follies, A Little Night Music, Sweeney Todd, Sunday in the Park with George, Into the Woods, and Assassins, as well as the lyrics for West Side Story and . He was president of the Dramatists Guild from 1973 to 1981.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Sondheim -
Stevie Wonder
Stevland Hardaway Judkins (born May 13, 1950), name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris, known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and activist. Blind from shortly after birth, Wonder signed with Motown Records' Tamla label at the age of eleven, and continues to perform and record for Motown to this day.
http://wn.com/Stevie_Wonder -
Tina Turner
Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American singer and actress whose career has spanned more than 50 years. She has won numerous awards and her achievements in the rock music genre have earned her the title '''The Queen of Rock 'n' Roll'''.
http://wn.com/Tina_Turner -
Tony Bennett
Tony Bennett (born Anthony Dominick Benedetto; August 3, 1926) is an American singer of popular music, standards, show tunes, and jazz.
http://wn.com/Tony_Bennett -
Victor Borge
http://wn.com/Victor_Borge -
Whitney Houston
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (born August 9, 1963) is an American R&B;/Pop singer, actress, and former fashion model. A relative of several soul singers, including her mother Cissy Houston, cousins Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, and close family friend Aretha Franklin, Houston began singing at her New Jersey church as a member of a junior gospel choir at age eleven. After she began performing alongside her mother at night clubs in the New York City area, she was discovered by Arista Records label head Clive Davis. Houston has released studio albums and movie soundtrack albums throughout her career, all of which have had diamond, multi-platinum, platinum, or gold certification.
http://wn.com/Whitney_Houston -
Willie Nelson
Willie Hugh Nelson (born April 30, 1933) is an American country singer-songwriter, author, poet, actor and activist. He reached his greatest fame during the outlaw country movement of the 1970s, and remains iconic, especially in American popular culture.
http://wn.com/Willie_Nelson -
Yolanda Adams
Yolanda Adams (born Yolanda Yvette Adams on ) is an American Grammy- and Dove-award winning Gospel music singer and radio show host. As of September 2009, she had sold 4.5 million albums since 1991, according to SoundScan.
http://wn.com/Yolanda_Adams
Franklin, Aretha Filmography
- Tony Bennett: Duets II (2012)
- 10th Annual TV Land Awards (2012)
- 20th Annual Trumpet Awards (2012)
- The BET Honors (2012)
- My Music: Aretha Franklin Presents Soul Rewind (2010)
- A Capitol Fourth (2009)
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Live: I'll Take You There (2009)
- Christmas in Rockefeller Center (2009)
- The 25th Anniversary Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Concert (2009)
- President Obama: The Inauguration (2009)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (2009)
- The 80th Annual Academy Awards (2008)
- The 50th Annual Grammy Awards (2008)
- 39th NAACP Image Awards (2008)
- WrestleMania 23 (2007)
- An Evening of Stars: Tribute to Aretha Franklin (2007)
- Impact: Songs That Changed the World (2007)
- 21st Annual Stellar Gospel Music Awards (2006)
- 2006 Trumpet Awards (2006)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (2006)
- Super Bowl XL (2006)
- Soul Deep: The Story of Black Popular Music (2005)
- From the Heart: The Four Tops 50th Anniversary & Celebration (2005)
- The 59th Annual Tony Awards (2005)
- The 10th Annual Soul Train Lady of Soul Awards (2005)
- Out of Africa: Heroes and Icons (2005)
- The 32nd Annual Daytime Emmy Awards (2005)
- Macy's 4th of July Fireworks Spectacular (2004)
- Tom Dowd & the Language of Music (2003)
- American Soundtrack: Rhythm, Love and Soul (2003)
- The 9th Annual Walk of Fame Honoring Aretha Franklin (2003)
- The 45th Annual Grammy Awards (2003)
- Singing in the Shadow: The Children of Rock Royalty (2003)
- Sam Cooke: Legend (2003)
- American Bandstand's 50th Anniversary Celebration (2002)
- It's Black Entertainment (2002)
- Say It Loud: A Celebration of Black Music in America (2001)
- An Evening of Stars: A Celebration of Educational Excellence (2001)
- VH1 Divas Live: The One and Only Aretha Franklin (2001)
- 100 Greatest Dance Songs of Rock & Roll (2000)
- Immaculate Funk (2000)
- ABC 2000: The Millennium (1999)
- SNL: 25 Years of Music (1999)
- Home for the Holidays: The Family Tree (1999)
- Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael (1999)
- Arista Records' 25th Anniversary Celebration (1999)
- The Stories Behind the Making of 'The Blues Brothers' (1998)
- A Celebration of America's Music (1998)
- Blues Brothers 2000 (1998)
- Divas Live: An Honors Concert for VH1 Save the Music (1998)
- Motown 40: The Music Is Forever (1998)
- The 40th Annual Grammy Awards (1998)
- The Making of 'Blues Brothers 2000' (1998)
- 28th NAACP Image Awards (1997)
- The 39th Annual Grammy Awards (1997)
- Tapestry Revisited: A Tribute to Carole King (1995)
- The Concert for the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame (1995)
- The History of Rock 'N' Roll, Vol. 5 (1995)
- Rock & Roll (1995)
- The Essence Awards (1994)
- The 36th Annual Grammy Awards (1994)
- Sinatra Duets (1994)
- The Atlantic Records Story (1994)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (1994)
- Christmas at Home with the Stars (1994)
- An American Reunion: The People's Inaugural Celebration (1993)
- Aretha Franklin: Duets (1993)
- 1993 Essence Awards (1993)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (1993)
- Oscar's Greatest Moments (1992)
- The 34th Annual Grammy Awards (1992)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (1992)
- Shindig! Presents Soul (1991)
- Golden Age of Rock'n'Roll (1991)
- 60 Minutes: The Entertainers (1991)
- Shindig! Presents Groovy Gals (1991)
- Eurythmics: Greatest Hits (1991)
- The 5th Annual Stellar Gospel Music Awards (1990)
- Grammy Legends (1990)
- Night of 100 Stars III (1990)
- Listen Up: The Lives of Quincy Jones (1990)
- 5th Annual Soap Opera Awards (1989)
- The 3rd Annual Soul Train Music Awards (1989)
- James Brown & Friends: Set Fire to the Soul (1988)
- Living the Dream: A Tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. (1988)
- Cissy Houston: Sweet Inspiration (1988)
- WrestleMania III (1987)
- Rolling Stone Presents Twenty Years of Rock & Roll (1987)
- Brown Sugar (1986)
- Motown on Showtime: Temptations and Four Tops (1986)
- Women in Rock (1986)
- The 10th Annual American Music Awards (1983)
- The Rodney Dangerfield Show: It's Not Easy Bein' Me (1982)
- The 23rd Annual Grammy Awards (1981)
- The Blues Brothers (1980)
- The 22nd Annual Grammy Awards (1980)
- The 5th Annual American Music Awards (1978)
- The 50th Annual Academy Awards (1978)
- A Salute to American Imagination (1978)
- Jimmy Carter's Inaugural Gala (1977)
- The 4th Annual American Music Awards (1977)
- The All-Star Gong Show Special (1977)
- Bob Hope on Campus (1975)
- The 47th Annual Academy Awards (1975)
- The 17th Annual Grammy Awards (1975)
- Duke Ellington... We Love You Madly (1973)
- Black Rodeo (1972)
- The 14th Annual Grammy Awards (1972)
- The 41st Annual Academy Awards (1969)
RELEASE
ALBUMS
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Knew You Were Waiting: The Best of Aretha Franklin 1980-1998
Released 2012
Released 2012
- United Together (single version)
- Love All the Hurt Away
- Jump to It (original radio mix)
- Get It Right
- Freeway of Love (single version)
- Who's Zoomin' Who (single version)
- Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves
- Another Night (single mix)
- Jumpin' Jack Flash (single version)
- Jimmy Lee (single version)
- I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)
- Through the Storm
- It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be (feat. Whitney Houston) (single version)
- Ever Changing Times (feat. Michael McDonald) (single edit)
- Willing to Forgive
- A Rose Is Still a Rose (original radio edit)
- Come to Me
- Can't Turn You Loose
- United Together
- Take Me With You
- Whatever It Is
- What a Fool Believes
- Together Again
- Love Me Forever
- School Days
- What a Fool Believes (single version)
- United Together (single version)
- What a Fool Believes (12" version)
- Get It Right
- Pretender
- Every Girl (Wants My Guy)
- When You Love Me Like That
- I Wish It Would Rain
- Better Friends Than Lovers
- I Got Your Love
- Giving In
- Get It Right (single version)
- Every Girl (Wants My Guy) (single version)
- Get It Right (instrumental version)
- How Long I've Been Waiting
- Sweet Sixteen
- This You Should Know
- U Can't See Me
- A Summer Place
- The Way We Were
- New Day
- Put It Back Together Again
- Faithful
- His Eyes Is on the Sparrow
- When 2 Become One
- My Country 'Tis of Thee
- Don't Cry Baby
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I Apologize
- Without the One You Love
- Look for the Silver Lining
- I'm Sitting on Top of the World
- Just for a Thrill
- God Bless the Child
- I'm Wandering
- How Deep Is the Ocean
- I Don't Know You Anymore
- Lover Come Back to Me
- Trouble in Mind (Mono)
- Without the One You Love (mono)
- Don't Cry, Baby (mono)
- I'm Wandering (mono)
- Try a Little Tenderness (mono)
- I Apologize (mono)
- Lover Come Back to Me (mono)
- I Don't Know You Anymore (mono)
- My Little Brown Book
- Trouble in Mind
- Try a Little Tenderness
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- How Deep Is the Ocean
- Cold, Cold Heart
- Love for Sale
- How Glad I Am
- Sklylark
- This Bitter Earth
- AC-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive
- What a Diff'Rence a Day Made
- Only the Lonely
- Rock-A-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody
- God Bless the Child
- Say It Isn't So
- Are You Sure
- That Lucky Old Son (Just Rolls Around Heaven All Day)
- Respect
- Baby, I Love You
- Chain of Fools
- Rock Steady
- Spanish Harlem
- Don't Play That Song
- Dr. Feelgood
- Day Dreaming
- I Say a Little Prayer
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Call Me
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Respect
- Chain of Fools
- Good Times
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Baby, I Love You
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- A Change Is Gonna Come
- Don't Let Me Lose This Dream
- Drown In My Own Tears
- Ain't Nobody (Gonna Turn Me Around)
- 96 Tears
- Save Me
- Baby, Baby, Baby
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Night Life
- Going Down Slow
- Never Let Me Go
- Prove It
- I Wonder
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Respect
- Love the One You're With
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Eleanor Rigby
- Make It With You
- Don't Play That Song
- Dr. Feelgood
- Spirit in the Dark
- Spirit in the Dark (reprise feat. Ray Charles)
- Reach Out and Touch (Somebody's Hand)
- Don't Play That Song
- The Thrill Is Gone (From Yesterday's Kiss)
- Pullin'
- You and Me
- Honest I Do
- Spirit in the Dark
- When the Battle Is Over
- One Way Ticket
- Try Matty's
- That's All I Want From You
- Oh No Not My Baby
- Why I Sing the Blues
- Chain of Fools
- Money Won't Change You
- People Get Ready
- Niki Hoeky
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- Good to Me as I Am to You
- Come Back Baby
- Groovin'
- Ain't No Way
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- See Saw
- Night Time Is the Right Time
- You Send Me
- You're a Sweet Sweet Man
- I Take What I Want
- Hello Sunshine
- A Change
- I Can't See Myself Leaving You
- Respect
- Drown in My Own Tears
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Soul Serenade
- Don't Let Me Lose This Dream
- Baby, Baby, Baby
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- Good Times
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Save Me
- A Change Is Gonna Come
- Unforgettable
- God Bless the Child
- Jump to It
- Every Little Bit Hurts
- Here We Go Again
- You'll Lose a Good Thing
- A Rose Is Still a Rose
- Love for Sale
- Misty
- Walk on By
- Blue Holiday
- Cold, Cold Heart
- Walk on By
- Just for a Thrill
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Muddy Water
- God Bless the Child
- Once in a While
- You'll Lose a Good Thing
- Runnin' Out of Fools
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- Don't Say You're Sorry Again
- If Ever I Would Leave You
- Looking Through a Tear
- Unforgettable
- Ac-cent-tchu-ate the Positive
- (It's Just) Your Love
- Love Pang
- I Got Your Love
- You Are My Joy
- Misty
- Freeway of Love
- This Is for Real
- Love Me Right
- Every Girl (Wants My Guy)
- When You Love Me Like That
- Unforgettable
- Gimme Your Love
- Rose Is Still a Rose
- Never Leave You Again
- Until You Say You Love Me
- Giving In
- Angels We Have Heard on High
- This Christmas
- My Grown-Up Christmas List
- The Lord Will Make a Way
- Silent Night
- Ave Maria
- Christmas Ain't Christmas (Without the One You Love)
- 14 Angels
- One Night With the King
- Hark! The Herald Angels Sing
- 'Twas the Night Before Christmas
- Think
- Angel
- Day Dreaming
- Call Me
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Baby Baby)
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Don't Play That Song
- See Saw
- I'm in Love
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Think
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- Baby, I Love You
- Chain of Fools
- Respect
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- I'm in Love
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Don't Let Me Lose This Dream
- (You Make Me Feel Like a) Natural Woman
- Oh Me Oh My (I'm a Fool for You Baby)
- See Saw
- Rock Steady
- Baby, Baby, Baby
- Spirit in the Dark
- Jumpin' Jack Flash
- Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves
- I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) (feat. George Michael)
- What Now My Love (feat. Frank Sinatra)
- Put You Up on Game (feat. Fantasia)
- What Y'all Came to Do (feat. John Legend)
- Never Gonna Break My Faith (feat. Mary J. Blige and the Harlem Boys Choir)
- Through the Storm (feat. Elton John)
- It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be (feat. Whitney Houston)
- (You Make Me Feel) Like a Natural Woman (feat. Bonnie Raitt and Gloria Estefan)
- Doctor's Orders (feat. Luther Vandross)
- Ever Changing Times (feat. Michael McDonald)
- Chain of Fools (feat. Mariah Carey)
- Don't Waste Your Time (feat. Mary J. Blige)
- Love All the Hurt Away (feat. George Benson)
- Nessun Dorma
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Rare & Unreleased Recordings From the Golden Reign of the Queen of Soul
Released 2007
Released 2007
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You) (demo)
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business) (demo)
- Sweet Bitter Love (demo)
- It Was You (Aretha Arrives outtake)
- The Letter (Aretha Arrives outtake)
- So Soon (Aretha Arrives outtake)
- Mr. Big (Aretha Now outtake)
- Talk to Me, Talk to Me (Soul '69 outtake)
- The Fool on the Hill (This Girl's in Love With You outtake)
- Pledging My Love/The Clock (single B-Side)*
- You're Taking Up Another Man's Place (Spirit in the Dark outtake)*
- You Keep Me Hangin' On (This Girl's in Love With You/Spirit in the Dark outtake)
- I'm Trying to Overcome (This Girl's in Love With You/Spirit in the Dark outtake)
- My Way (Spirit in the Dark outtake)
- My Cup Runneth Over (Young, Gifted and Black outtake)
- You're All I Need to Get By (take 1)
- You're All I Need to Get By (take 2)
- Lean on Me (single B-Side)
- Respect
- Think
- Spanish Harlem
- A Natural Woman
- I Say a Little Prayer
- I Never Loved a Man
- Save Me
- Chain of Fools
- See Saw
- Rock Steady
- Don't Play That Song
- Angel
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Baby I Love You
- Until You Come Back to Me
- On No Not My Baby
- The House That Jack Built
- Since You've Been Gone
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Call Me
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Eleanor Rigby
- Do Right Woman Do Right Man
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- The House That Jack Built
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Spirit in the Dark
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Without Love
- Eleanor Rigby
- Rock Steady
- Precious Lord
- While the Blood Runs Warm
- Yield Not to Temptation
- There Is a Fountain Filled With Blood
- He Will Wash You White as Snow
- The Day Is Past and Gone
- Never Grow Oldn
- You Grow Close
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Respect
- Chain of Fools
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- Share Your Love With Me
- Good Times
- Angel
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is Serious Business)
- What a Friend We Have in Jesus (live)
- See Saw
- Sparkle
- Baby I Love You
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Going to Do)
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Respect
- You Send Me
- The Weight
- Baby, I Love You
- Do Right Woman - Do Right Man
- Chain of Fools
- Ain't No Way
- My Song
- Tracks of My Tears
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Night Time Is the Right Time
- Young, Gifted and Black
- I've Been Loving You Too Long
- The Long and Winding Road
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Dark End of the Street
- Eleanor Rigby
- Chain of Fools
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Respect
- Spanish Harlem
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is Serious Business)
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Legends of Soul: The Very Best of Aretha Franklin & Otis Redding
Released 2005
Released 2005
- Respect
- Shake
- Chain of Fools
- I Can't Turn You Loose
- Rock Steady
- Spanish Harlem
- My Girl
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Son of a Preacher Man
- I've Been Loving You Too Long (To Stop Now)
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- A Change Is Gonna Come
- Something He Can Feel
- That's How Strong My Love Is
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Mr. Pitiful
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Try a Little Tenderness
- Drown in My Own Tears
- Ain't No Way
- Only Thing Missin'
- Wonderful
- Holdin' On
- No Matter What
- Everybody's Somebody's Fool
- So Damn Happy
- You Are My Joy
- Falling Out of Love
- Ain't No Way
- Good News
- You Are My Joy (reprise)
- Freeway of Love
- Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves
- A Rose Is Still a Rose
- Jumpin' Jack Flash
- Love All the Hurt Away
- Who's Zoomin' Who?
- Come to Me
- I Knew You Were Waiting
- United Together
- He's the Boy
- There's a Star for Everyone
- Another Night
- He'll Come Along
- It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be
- Through the Storm
- A Deeper Love
- If Ever a Love There Was
- Nobody Like You
- Once in a While
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- Muddy Water
- Bill Bailey, Won't You Please Come Home (alternate version)
- Hard Times (No One Knows Better Than I)
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Won't Be Long
- Nobody Knows the Way I Feel This Morning
- Evil Gal Blues
- Lee Cross
- Walk on By
- I Wonder (Where You Are Tonight)
- God Bless the Child
- Blue Holiday
- Looking Through a Tear
- Tiny Sparrow
- Here Today and Gone Tomorrow
- Little Brown Book
- Without the One You Love
- Respect
- Think
- Spanish Harlem
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Son of a Preacher Man
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Chain of Fools
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Angel
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- Rock Steady
- See Saw
- The House That Jack Built
- Oh No Not My Baby
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Good Times
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Do Right Woman - Do Right Man
- Share Your Love With Me
- Something He Can Feel
- Ain't No Way
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Baby, I Love You
- Soul Serenade
- Ain't No Way
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Spirit in the Dark
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- A Brand New Me
- Rock Steady
- Day Dreaming
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- (Sittin' On) The Dock of the Bay
- Wonderful World
- Try a Little Tenderness
- My Girl
- I've Been Loving You Too Long (To Stop Now)
- I Can't Turn You Loose
- Satisfaction
- Shake
- These Arms of Mine
- The Happy Song (Dum-Dum)
- Amen
- Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa-Fa (Sad Song)
- I've Got Dreams to Remember
- Papa's Got a Brand New Bag (live)
- I Wonder (Where Are You Tonight)
- Skylark
- Laughing on the Outside
- Without the One You Love
- This Bitter Earth
- Drinking Again
- Muddy Water
- Trouble in Mind
- Just for a Thrill
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I Wish I Didn't Love You So
- Only the Lonely
- But Beautiful
- What a Diff'rence a Day Makes
- If Ever I Would Leave You
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- People Get Ready
- Day Dreaming
- Border Song (Holly Moses)
- Oh No Not My Baby
- Call Me
- Ain't No Way
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- Baby I Love You
- The Long and Winding Road
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Respect (One Rascal mix)
- Rocksteady (Arif's Classic mix)
- Organ Introduction (On Our Way)
- Opening Remarks
- On Our Way
- Aretha's Introduction
- Wholly Holy
- You'll Never Walk Alone
- What a Friend We Have in Jesus
- Precious Memories
- How I Got Over
- Precious Lord, Take My Hand / You've Got a Friend
- Climbing Higher Mountains
- Amazing Grace
- My Sweet Lord (instrumental)
- Give Yourself to Jesus
- Precious Memories
- Climbing Higher Mountains
- God Will Take Care of You
- Mary Don't You Weep
- Precious Lord (Take My Hand) / You've Got a Friend
- What a Friend We Have in Jesus
- Give Yourself to Jesus
- Never Grow Old
- You'll Never Walk Alone
- Amazing Grace
- Spanish Harlem
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Angel
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- Share Your Love With Me
- See Saw
- Something He Can Feel
- Gentle on My Mind
- Jump
- Day Dreaming
- Unforgettable
- My Guy
- Sweet Lover
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- All Night Long
- Nobody Like You
- If Ever I Would Leave You
- Soulville
- The Shoop Shoop Song (It's in His Kiss)
- Lee Cross
- Operation Heartbreak
- Misty
- Trouble in Mind
- God Bless the Child
- Runnin' Out of Fools
- Muddy Water
- What a Diff'rence a Day Made
- Walk On By
- Try a Little Tenderness
- Every Little Bit Hurts
- Mockingbird
- People
- Love All the Hurt Away
- Hold On I'm Comin'
- Living in the Streets
- There's a Star for Everyone
- You Can't Always Get What You Want
- It's My Turn
- Truth and Honesty
- Search On
- Whole Lot of Me
- Kind of Man
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Ramblin'
- Pitiful
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You) (live)
- Night Life
- I Wonder
- Takin' Another Man's Place
- Night Time Is the Right Time
- River's Invitation
- Good to Me as I Am to You
- It Ain't Fair
- Going Down Slow
- Drown in My Own Tears
- You Are My Sunshine
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- The Thrill Is Gone (From Yesterday's Kiss)
- A Rose Is Still a Rose
- Never Leave You Again
- In Case You Forgot
- Here We Go Again
- Every Lil' Bit Hurts
- In the Morning
- I'll Dip
- How Many Times
- Watch My Back
- Love Pang
- The Woman
- Freeway of Love
- I Knew You Were Waiting (for Me)
- Jump to It
- Willing to Forgive
- Doctor's Orders
- United Together
- Who's Zoomin' Who
- A Deeper Love
- Honey
- Get It Right
- Another Night
- Ever Changing Times
- Jimmy Lee
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- I Dreamed a Dream
- Jumpin' Jack Flash
- Chain of Fools
- Money Won't Change You
- People Get Ready
- Niki Hoeky
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- Good to Me as I Am to You
- Come Back Baby
- Groovin'
- Ain't No Way
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- See Saw
- Night Time Is the Right Time
- You Send Me
- You're a Sweet Sweet Man
- I Take What I Want
- Hello Sunshine
- A Change
- I Can't See Myself Leaving You
- Unforgettable
- Cold, Cold Heart
- What a Diff'rence a Day Makes
- Drinking Again
- Nobody Knows the Way I Feel
- Evil Gal Blues
- Don't Say You're Sorry Again
- This Bitter Earth
- If I Should Lose You
- Soulville
- Lee Cross
- Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky)
- Somewhere
- So Swell When You're Well
- Angel
- Sister From Texas
- Mister Spain
- That's the Way I Feel About Cha
- Moody's Mood
- Just Right Tonight
- Master of Eyes (The Deepness of Your Eyes)
- Respect
- Baby I Love You
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Chain of Fools
- Do Right Woman-Do Right Man
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- (Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone
- Ain't No Way
- Think
- See Saw
- The House That Jack Built
- I Say a Little Prayer
- The Weight
- Eleanor Rigby
- Share Your Love with Me
- Call Me
- (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
- Don't Let Me Lose This Dream
- Soul Serenade
- Night Life
- Baby, I Love You
- Groovin'
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Come Back Baby
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Chain of Fools
- Respect
- Freeway of Love
- I Knew You Were Waiting (for Me)
- Jump to It
- Willing to Forgive
- Doctor's Orders (feat. Luther Vandross)
- United Together
- Who's Zoomin' Who
- A Deeper Love
- Honey
- Get It Right
- Another Night
- Ever Changing Times (feat. Michael McDonald)
- Jimmy Lee
- You Make Me Feel (Like a Natural Woman) (feat. Bonnie Raitt & Gloria Estefan)
- I Dreamed a Dream
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Share Your Love With Me
- Dark End of the Street
- Let It Be
- Eleanor Rigby
- This Girl's in Love With You
- It Ain't Fair
- The Weight
- Call Me
- Sit Down and Cry
- Respect
- Chain of Fools
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- The Weight
- Baby, I Love You
- Ain't No Way
- My Song
- You Send Me
- Tracks of My Tears
- Ramblin'
- Today I Sing the Blues
- River's Invitation
- Pitiful
- Crazy He Calls Me
- Bring It on Home to Me
- Tracks of My Tears
- If You Gotta Make a Fool of Somebody
- Gentle on My Mind
- So Long
- I'll Never Be Free
- Elusive Butterfly
- Oh Me Oh My (I'm a Fool for You Baby)
- Day Dreaming
- Rock Steady
- Young, Gifted and Black
- All the King's Horses
- A Brand New Me
- April Fools
- I've Been Loving You Too Long
- First Snow in Kokomo
- The Long and Winding Road
- Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- Satisfaction
- You Are My Sunshine
- Never Let Me Go
- 96 Tears
- Prove It
- Night Life
- That's Life
- I Wonder
- Ain't Nobody (Gonna Turn Me Around)
- Going Down Slow
- Baby, I Love You
- Sparkle
- Something He Can Feel
- Hooked on Your Love
- Look Into Your Heart
- I Get High
- Jump
- Loving You Baby
- Rock With Me
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Save Me
- Respect
- Baby, Baby, Baby
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Soul Serenade
- Drown in My Own Tears
- Chain of Fools
- Baby, I Love You
- Ain't Nobody (Gonna Turn Me Around)
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- You Are My Sunshine
- Going Down Slow
- Never Let Me Go
- I Wonder
- Prove It
- Good Times
- Come Back Baby
- A Change
- You're a Sweet Sweet Man
- Good to Me as I Am to You
- People Get Ready
- Ain't No Way
- Everyday People
- Ever Changing Times (feat. Michael McDonald)
- What You See Is What You Sweat
- Mary Goes Round
- I Dreamed a Dream
- Someone Else's Eyes
- Doctor's Orders (feat. Luther Vandross)
- You Can't Take Me for Granted
- What Did You Give
- Everyday People (remix)
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Do Right Woman-Do Right Man
- Respect
- Dr. Feelgood
- Baby, I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- Ain't No Way
- Think
- You Send Me
- The House That Jack Built
- I Say a Little Prayer
- See Saw
- Freeway of Love
- Another Night
- Sweet Bitter Love
- Who's Zoomin' Who?
- Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves
- Until You Say You Love Me
- Ain't Nobody Ever Loved You
- Push
- Integrity
- Gimme Your Love
- Mercy
- He's the Boy
- It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be (feat. Whitney Houston)
- Through the Storm
- Think (1989)
- Come to Me
- If Ever a Love There Was
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Respect
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Dr. Feelgood
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- See Saw
- Day Dreaming
- Call Me
- Don't Play That Song
- You're All I Need to Get By
- I'm in Love
- Spanish Harlem
- Rock Steady
- Angel
- Until You Come Back to Me
- Drinking Again
- Today I Sing the Blues
- What a Difference a Day Makes
- Without the One You Love
- Trouble in Mind
- Muddy Water
- Only the Lonely
- I Wonder (Where Are You Tonight)
- Laughing on the Outside (Crying on the Inside)
- Take a Look
- Nobody Knows the Way I Feel This Morning
- Evil Gal Blues
- This Bitter Earth
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- Jimmy Lee
- I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) (feat. George Michael)
- Do You Still Remember
- Jumpin' Jack Flash
- Rock-A-Lott
- An Angel Cries
- He'll Come Along
- If You Need My Love Tonight (feat. Larry Graham)
- Look to the Rainbow
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Respect
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Dr. Feelgood
- Save Me
- Baby I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- Since You've Been Gone
- Ain't No Way
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- The House That Jack Built
- See Saw
- The Weight
- Share Your Love With Me
- Eleanor Rigby
- Ramblin'
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Pitiful
- Crazy He Calls Me
- Bring It on Home to Me
- Somewhere
- Moody's Mood
- Just Right Tonight
- Chain of Fools
- I Say a Little Prayer
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Think
- Rock Steady
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Respect
- Spanish Harlem
- Dr. Feelgood
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Save Me
- Mr. DJ (5 for the D.J.)
- It Only Happens (When I Look at You)
- I'm Not Strong Enough to Love You Again
- Walk Softly
- You Make My Life
- Without You
- The Sha-La Bandit
- You
- You Got All the Aces
- As Long as You Are There
- Without Love
- Don't Go Breaking My Heart
- When You Get Right Down to It
- You'll Never Get to Heaven
- With Everything I Feel in Me
- I Love Every Little Thing About You
- Sing It Again, Say It Again
- All of These Things
- You Move Me
- Let Me In Your Life
- Every Natural Thing
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- I'm In Love
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- The Masquerade Is Over
- With Pen in Hand
- Oh Baby
- Eight Days on the Road
- If You Don't Think
- A Song for You
- Spanish Harlem
- Chain of Fools
- Don’t Play That Song
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Dr. Feelgood
- Let It Be
- Do Right Woman - Do Right Man
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Respect
- Baby I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- You’re All I Need to Get By
- Call Me
- Mary Don't You Weep
- Precious Lord (Take My Hand) / You've Got a Friend
- Old Landmark
- Give Yourself to Jesus
- How I Got Over
- What a Friend We Have in Jesus
- Amazing Grace
- Won't Be Long
- Over the Rainbow
- Love Is the Only Thing
- Sweet Lover
- All Night Long
- Who Needs You?
- Right Now
- Are You Sure
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- (Blue) By Myself
- Today I Sing the Blues
- All Night Long
- Ac-cen-tchu-ate the Positive
- Nobody Like You
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Sweet Bitter Love
- Try a Little Tenderness
- Skylark
- Johnny
- God Bless the Child
- If Ever I Would Leave You
- Until You Were Gone
- You Made Me Love You
- Follow Your Heart
- Ol' Man River
- Sweet Bitter Love
- A Mother's Love
- Swanee
- I'm Losing You
- Take a Look
- Can't You Just See Me
- Cry Like a Baby
- Don't Cry Baby
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I Apologise
- Without the One You Love
- Look for the Silver Lining
- I'm Sitting on Top of the World
- Just for a Thrill
- God Bless the Child
- I'm Wandering
- How Deep Is the Ocean
- I Don't Know You Anymore
- Lover Come Back to Me
- You Made Me Love You
- I Told You So
- Rock-A-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody
- Nobody Like You
- Exactly Like You
- It's So Heartbreakin
- Rough Lover
- Blue Holiday
- Just for You
- That Lucky Old Sun
- I Surrender, Dear
- AC-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive
- Today I Sing the Blues
- (Blue) By Myself
- All Night Long
- Nobody Like You
- Sweet Lover
- Once in a While
- God Bless the Child
- Muddy Water
- Won't Be Long
- Soulville
- Runnin' Out of Fools
- Walk on By
- Mockingbird
- You'll Lose a Good Thing
- Bit of Soul
- The Shoop Shoop Song
- Walk on By
- Try a Little Tenderness
- Every Little Bit Hurts
- Mockingbird
- God Bless the Child
- Soulville
- Jump to It
- Who's Zoomin' Who
- Better Friends Than Lovers
- Freeway of Love
- I Got Your Love
- Get It Right
- Until You Say You Love Me
- Jumpin' Jack Flash
- You Made Me Love You
- I Told You So
- Rock-A-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody
- Nobody Like You
- Exactly Like You
- It's So Heartbreakin
- Rough Lover
- Blue Holiday
- Just for You
- That Lucky Old Sun
- I Surrender, Dear
- AC-Cent-Tchu-Ate the Positive
- Introduction to Hard Times
- Hard Times (No One Knows Better Than I) (take 2)
- When They Ask About You
- Operation Heartbreak
- I Surrender, Dear
- Rough Lover
- Kissin' by the Misteltoe
- Respect
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Baby I Love You
- Chains of Fools
- Satisfaction
- Since You've Been Gone
- Don't Play That Song
- Spanish Harlem
- Angel
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Spirit in the Dark
- Respect
- Think
- I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) (with George Michael)
- Who's Zoomin' Who
- It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be (with Whitney Houston)
- Freeway Of Love
- Jump To It
- Jimmy Lee
- A Rose Is Still A Rose
- Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves (with the Eurythmics)
- Get It Right
- Jumpin' Jack Flash
- Chain of Fools
- Save Me
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Dr. Feelgood
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- A Natural Woman
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- See Saw
- I Apologise
- Think
- My Guy
- The House
- I Never Loved a Man
- I'm Sitting on the Top of the World
- Respect
- Think
- Respect
- I Will Survive
- It's Raining Men
- Knocking on Heaven Doors
- Rescue Me
- Chain of Fools
- Baby I Love You
- You Make Me
- Satisfaction
- It's in His Kiss
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Freeway of Love
- Killing Me Softly
- Spanish Harlem
- A Rose Is Still a Rose
- Everyday People (remix)
- Respect (Ultimix remix)
- Go for Deeper Love / A. Franklin vs. Moby
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Two Classic Albums From Aretha Franklin: The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging / Soft and Beautiful
- Don't Cry, Baby
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I Apologise
- Without the One You Love
- Look for the Silver Lining
- I'm Sitting on Top of the World
- Just for a Thrill
- God Bless the Child
- I'm Wandering
- How Deep Is the Ocean
- I Don't Know You Anymore
- Lover Come Back to Me
- Only the Lonely
- I Wish I Didn't Love You So
- (Ah, the Apple Trees) When the World Was Young
- Shangri-La
- A Mother's Love
- My Coloring Book
- Jim
- Friendly Persuasion (Thee I Love)
- But Beautiful
- People
- One Step Ahead
- Sweet Bitter Love
- If I Ever Would You Leave
- Won't Be Long
- Love Is the Only Thing
- Sweet Lover
- All Night Long
- Who Needs You
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- (Blue) By Myself
- Just for a Thrill
- Take It Like You Give It
- Unforgettable
- Love for Sale
- Misty
- Sisters Are Doing It for Themselves
- Chain of Fools
- Respect
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- See Saw
- Think
- Since You've Been Gone
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Dr. Feelgood
- Baby, I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Don't Play That Song
- Rock Steady
- Spanish Harlem
- Day Dreaming
- I'm in Love
- Until You Come Back to Me
- Angel
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Respect
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- Baby, I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet, Sweet Baby)
- Ain't No Way
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- See Saw
- Day Dreaming
- Call Me
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- You're All I Need to Get By
- I'm in Love
- Spanish Harlem
- Rock Steady
- Angel
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- How Deep is the Ocean
- Until the Real Thing Comes Along
- Look for the Silver Lining
- Exactly Like You
- Where Are You
- Say Isn't So
- That Lucky Old Sun
- I Apologize
- For All We Know
- Moon River
- There is a Fountain Filled With Blood
- Precious Lord, Part 1
- Precious Lord, Part 2
- You Grow Closer
- Never Grow Old
- The Day Is Past and Gone
- He Will Wash You White as Snow
- While the Blood Runs Warm
- Yield Not to Temptation
- Respect
- Think
- Chain of Fools
- I Say a Little Prayer
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Loved You)
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Call Me
- Share Your Love With Me
- Jesus on the Main Line
- He's All Right
- He Will Wash You White as Snow
- Power
- While the Blood Runs Warm
- Yield Not to Temptation
- This Little Light of Mine
- The Day Is Past and Gone
- Ave Maria
- Introduction by Rev Jasper Williams
- Higher Ground
- Prayer Invocation by Rev Donald Parsons
- I've Been in the Storm Too Long
- Packing Up, Getting Ready to Go
- Be Grateful
- Beams of Heaven (Some Day)
- Father, I Stretch My Hands to Thee
- Packing Up, Getting Ready to Go (alternate version)
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Do Right Woman - Do Right Man
- Young Gifted and Black
- I've Been Loving You Too Long
- The Long and Winding Road
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Dark End of the Street
- Eleanor Rigby
- Chain of Fools
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Respect
- Spanish Harlem
- Dr Feelgood
- Respect
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Do Right Woman - Do Right Man
- Chain of Fools
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Baby I Love You
- Think
- Let It Be
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Eleanor Rigby
- This Girl's in Love With You
- The Weight
- Oh Me Oh My (I'm a Fool for You Baby)
- Rock Steady
- A Brand New Me
- I've Been Loving You Too Long
- So Swell When You're Well
- The Long and Winding Road
- Angel
- Didn't I (Blow Your Mind This Time)
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- All of These Things
- Angel
- Mr. Spain
- Call Me
- I Apologize
- Love Is the Only Thing
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Chain of Fools
- Don't Be Breaking My Heart
- I Say a Little Prayer
- I'm Sitting on the Top of the World
- Think
- Respect
- Moody's Mood
- Love for Sale (live)
- Respect
- Think
- Chain of Fools
- I Say a Little Prayer
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- I Never Loved Man (The Way I Love You)
- Save Me
- Baby I Love You
- Don't Play That Song
- Rock Steady
- See Saw
- Call Me
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet Sweet Baby)
- The House That Jack Built
- Let It Be
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- Spanish Harlem
- The Weight
- Spirit in the Dark
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- I Knew You Were Waiting for Me
- Through the Storm (feat. Elton John)
- Willing to Forgive
- Let It Be
- Never Let Me Go
- Night Time Is the Right Time
- Call Me
- Drown in My Tears
- People Get Ready
- My Song
- Dark End of the Street
- Today I Sing the Blues
- A Rose Is Still a Rose
- Who's Zoomin' Who?
- Freeway of Love
- Day Dreaming
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Pink Cadillac
- Summertime
- Walk on By
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I'm Sitting on Top of the World
- Skylark
- Solitude
- What a Difference a Day Makes (live)
- Once in a Lifetime (live)
- Love for Sale (live)
- Over the Rainbow
- You Made Me Love You
- Lover, Come Back to Me
- Make Someone Happy
- Say It Isn't So
- Unforgettable
- My Guy
- Misty
- Ol'Man River
- I Apologise
- Respect
- Think
- Spanish Harlem
- You Make Me Feel Like a Natural Women
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Son of a Preacher Man
- I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Love You)
- Chain of Fools
- Don't Play That Song
- Angel
- Rocksteady
- See Saw
- The House That Jack Built
- Oh No Not My Baby
- Until You Come Back to Me
- Good Times
- Since You've Been Gone
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Do Right Woman - Do Right Man
- Share Your Love With Me
- Something He Can Feel
- Ain't No Way
- Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves
- I Wonder (Where You Are Tonight)
- Skylark
- Laughing on the Outside
- Without the One You Love
- This Bitter Earth
- Drinking Again
- Muddy Water
- Trouble in Mind
- Just for a Thrill
- Try a Little Tenderness
- I Wish I Didn't Love You So
- Only the Lonely
- But Beautiful
- What a Diff'rence a Day Makes
- If Ever I Would Leave You
- Unforgettable
- Walk on By
- Over the Rainbow
- This Bitter Earh
- Without the One You Love
- Cry Like a Baby
- Trouble in Mind
- Muddy Water
- Walk on by
- Skylark
- Drinking Again
- Evil Gal Blues
- Laughing on the Outside
- God Bless the Child
- Take a Look
- Nobody Knows the Way I Feel This Morning
- I Wonder (Where Are You Tonight)
- Evil Gal Blues
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Skylark
- Nobody Knows the Way I Feel This Morning
- Unforgettable
- Love for Sale
- Only the Lonely
- Muddy Water
- God Bless the Child
- All Night Long
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- What a Difference a Day Makes
- Over the Rainbow
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- Drinking Again
- Trouble in Mind
- This Bitter Earth
- Rock Steady
- Spanish Harlem
- Don't Play That Song
- Spirit in the Dark
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Brand New Me
- Day Dreaming
- All the King's Horses
- Angel
- Master of Eyes (The Deepnes of Your Eyes)
- Oh Me Oh My (I'm a Fool for You Baby)
- Until You Come Back to Me
- I'm in Love
- Something He Can Feel
- Without Love
- Don't Go Breaking My Heart
- When You Get Right Down to It
- You'll Never Get to Heaven
- With Everything I Feel in Me
- Love Everything About You
- Sing It Again, Say It Again
- All of These Things
- Stay
- He Will Wash You White as Snow
- I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You
- Respect
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Share Your Love With Me
- Call Me (Come Back Home)
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Sister From Texas
- Today I Sing the Blues
- (Blue) By Myself
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- All Night Long
- Blue Holiday
- Nobody Like You
- Sweet Lover
- Just for a Thrill
- If Ever I Would Leave You
- Once in a While
- This Bitter Earth
- God Bless the Child
- Skylark
- Muddy Water
- Drinking Again
- What a Difference a Day Makes
- Unforgettable
- Love for Sale
- Misty
- Impossible
- This Could Be the Start of Something
- Jump to It
- Love Me Right
- If She Don't Want Your Lovin'
- This Is for Real
- (It's Just) Your Love
- I Wanna Make It Up to You
- It's Your Thing
- Just My Daydream
- A Rose Is Still a Rose
- Willing to Forgive
- United Together
- Honey
- Another Night
- If Ever a Love There Was
- He'll Come Along
- Love All the Hurt Away
- There's a Star for Everyone
- It's My Turn
- Kind of Man
- He's the Boy
- Come to Me
- Someone Else's Eyes
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
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1 heure avec Aretha Franklin (Yeah !!! In person with her quartet The first 12 sides)
- This Could Be the Start of Something
- Once in a Lifetime
- Misty
- More
- There Is No Greater Love
- Muddy Water
- If I Had a Hammer
- Impossible
- Today I Love Ev'rybody
- Without the One You Love
- Trouble in Mind
- Love for Sale
- Won't Be Long
- Over the Rainbow
- Love Is the Only Thing
- Sweet Lover
- All Night Long
- Who Needs You ?
- Right Now
- Are You Sure
- Maybe I'm a Fool
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- (Blue) By Myself
- Today I Sing the Blues
- I Knew You Were Waiting
- Respect
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Think
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- You're All I Need to Get By
- Chain of Fools
- Spanish Harlem
- Angel
- Let It Be
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Rock Steady
- See Saw
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- People Get Ready
- Day Dreaming
- Respect
- Think
- Freeway of Love
- Baby, I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Day Dreaming
- I Say a Little Prayer
- The House that Jack Built
- (Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone
- Spanish Harlem
- Jump to It
- I Knew You Were Waiting (for Me)
- Chain of Fools
- Rock Steady
- Who's Zoomin' Who
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Call Me
- Do Right Woman-Do Right Man
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- The House That Jack Built
- Son of a Preacher Man
- Spirit in the Dark
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Without Love
- Eleanor Rigby
- Rock Steady
- Walk on By
- You Made Me Love You
- What a Diff'rence a Day Made
- Bit of Soul
- Only the Lonely
- Ac-cent-tchu-ate the Positive
- Today I Sing the Blues
- Mockingbird
- Misty
- Unforgettable
- Respect
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Think
- Chain of Fools
- See Saw
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- I Never Loved a Man
- Dr.Feelgood
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- My Guy
- Try a Little Tenderness
- It Ain't Necessarily So
- I'm Sitting on Top of the World
- I Apologise
- Chain of Fools
- Respect
- Spanish Harlem
- I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- Rock Steady
- Bridge Over Troubled Water
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Baby I Love You
- (Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone
- The House That Jack Built
- Day Dreaming
- Freeway of Love
- Eleanor Rigby
- The Weight
- Mocking Bird
- Soulville
- Lee Cross
- Skylark
- Take It Like You Give It
- Try a Little Ternderness
- Take a Look
- Runnin' Out of Fools
- Sweet Bitter Love
- Rock-A-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody
- Cry Like a Baby
- God Bless the Child
- Baby I Love You
- I Say a Little Prayer
- You Send Me
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Day Dreaming
- This Girl's in Love With You
- You and Me
- Call Me
- A Brand New Me
- Oh Me Oh My (I'm a Fool for You Baby)
- I'm in Love
- Look Into Your Heart
- If You Don't Think
- Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing
- Crazy He Calls Me
- Something He Can Feel
- I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Love You)
- Respect
- Do Right Woman, Do Right Man
- Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business)
- Baby, I Love You
- (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman
- Chain of Fools
- Since You've Been Gone (Sweet, Sweet Baby)
- Ain't No Way
- Save Me
- The House That Jack Built
- Think
- I Say a Little Prayer
- See Saw
- Day Dreaming
- Call Me
- Don't Play That Song (You Lied)
- Border Song (Holy Moses)
- You're All I Need to Get By
- I'm in Love
- Spanish Harlem
- Rock Steady
- Angel
- Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)
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Aretha Franklin - I Say A Little Prayer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:05
- Published: 16 Apr 2007
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
"The Cliff Richard Show" 1970.
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_I_Say_A_Little_Prayer
Aretha Franklin - Natural Woman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:36
- Published: 09 Jul 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - Natural Woman
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Natural_Woman
Aretha Franklin - Think [1968] (Original Version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Published: 19 Jan 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - Think / Song written by Aretha Franklin & Ted White / Album: Aretha Now (1968)
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Think_1968_Original_Version
Aretha Franklin - I say a little prayer ( Official song ) HQ version , Photos / Photoshoots
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 30 Oct 2010
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Lyrics: The moment I wake up Before I put on my makeup I say a little pray for you While combing my hair now, And wondering what dress to wear now, I say a little prayer for you Forever, and ever, you'll stay in my heart and I will love you Forever, and ever, we never will part Oh, how I love you Together, forever, that's how it must be To live without you Would only meen heartbreak for me. I run for the bus, dear, While riding I think of us, dear, I say a little prayer for you. At work I just take time And all through my coffee break-time, I say a little prayer for you. Forever, and ever, you'll stay in my heart and I will love you Forever, and ever we never will part Oh, how I'll love you Together, forever, that's how it must be To live without you Would only mean heartbreak for me. I say a little prayer for you I say a little prayer for you My darling believe me, ( beleive me) For me there is no one but you! Please love me too (answer his pray) And I'm in love with you (answer his pray) Answer my prayer now babe (answer his pray) Forever, and ever, you'll stay in my heart and I will love you Forever, and ever we never will part Oh, how I'll love you Together, forever, that's how it must be To live without you Would only mean heartbreak for me (oooooooooh)
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_I_say_a_little_prayer_Official_song_HQ_version_,_Photos_Photoshoots
Aretha Franklin - (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:45
- Published: 10 Oct 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
1967.
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_I_Can't_Get_No_Satisfaction
Aretha Franklin - Bridge Over Troubled Water
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Published: 01 May 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - Bridge Over Troubled Water
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Bridge_Over_Troubled_Water
The Weight - Aretha Franklin (1969)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:55
- Published: 01 Sep 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - I Say A Little Prayer (Rare)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:43
- Published: 17 May 2007
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
"Aretha has been called for many years "The Queen Of Soul", but many also call her "Lady Soul," as well as the more affectionate "Sista Re." She is renowned for her soul and R&B recordings but is also adept at jazz, rock, blues, pop, and gospel. She is generally regarded as one of the top vocalists ever, due to her ability to inject whatever she may be singing about with passion, soul and sheer conviction." Wikipedia
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_I_Say_A_Little_Prayer_Rare
mariah carey and aretha franklin-duet-divas live.avi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Published: 15 Jan 2012
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
is a duet of the queen of soul Ms Aretha franklin
http://wn.com/mariah_carey_and_aretha_franklin-duet-divas_liveavi
Aretha Franklin - People Get Ready
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:45
- Published: 11 Dec 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - Chain of Fools
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:51
- Published: 22 Jan 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - Chain of Fools (1967)
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Chain_of_Fools
Aretha Franklin performs Mary Don't You Weep on Soul Train.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 14 Dec 2010
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin performs "Mary Don't You Weep" on a classic episode of Soul Train from 1979. Watch more videos like this at soultrain.com
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_performs_Mary_Don't_You_Weep_on_Soul_Train
![Aretha Franklin & George Michael - I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) [Official Video]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120828041209im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/KBCWLhlJV0Y/0.jpg "Aretha Franklin & George Michael - I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) [Official Video]")
Aretha Franklin & George Michael - I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) [Official Video]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 16 May 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
From the album, Aretha. No copyright infringement Intended. Copyright Disclaimer Under Section 107 of the Copyright Act 1976, allowance is made for "fair use" for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, and research. Fair use is a use permitted by copyright statute that might otherwise be infringing. Non-profit, educational or personal use tips the balance in favour of fair use."
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_George_Michael_I_Knew_You_Were_Waiting_For_Me_Official_Video_
Aretha Franklin - Respect (Live in Stockholm, 1968)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 13 Mar 2010
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
PLEASE NOTE: I divided my uploads between multiple channels, Bookmark this link in your browser for instant access to an index with links to all of John1948's oldies classics. LINK: tinyurl.com Aretha Franklin is one of the giants of soul music, and indeed of American pop as a whole. More than any other performer, she epitomized soul at its most gospel-charged. Her astonishing run of late-'60s hits with Atlantic Records -- "Respect," "I Never Loved a Man," "Chain of Fools," "Baby I Love You," "I Say a Little Prayer," "Think," "The House That Jack Built," and several others -- earned her the title "Lady Soul," which she has worn uncontested ever since. Yet as much of an international institution as she's become, much of her work -- outside of her recordings for Atlantic in the late '60s and early '70s -- is erratic and only fitfully inspired, making discretion a necessity when collecting her records. Franklin's roots in gospel ran extremely deep. With her sisters Carolyn and Erma (both of whom would also have recording careers), she sang at the Detroit church of her father, Reverend CL Franklin, while growing up in the 1950s. In fact, she made her first recordings as a gospel artist at the age of 14. It has also been reported that Motown was interested in signing Aretha back in the days when it was a tiny start-up. Ultimately, however, Franklin ended up with Columbia, to which she was signed by the renowned talent scout John Hammond. Franklin would record for Columbia <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Respect_Live_in_Stockholm,_1968
Aretha Franklin on Mariah Carey
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 26 Jul 2012
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin tells Showbiz Tonight what she thinks about Mariah Carey becoming a judge on 'American Idol.'
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_on_Mariah_Carey
Aretha Franklin "Lady Soul" TV-Special 1968 Pt. 7
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:18
- Published: 12 Dec 2007
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
"Respect" Swedish TV broadcast of an awesome Aretha Franklin concert in Stockholm, 1968.
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Lady_Soul_TV-Special_1968_Pt_7
Aretha Franklin- Ac-cent-tchu-ate The Positive
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:19
- Published: 29 Sep 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
From Aretha's sophomore Columbia LP- 'The Electrifying Aretha Franklin' (1962)
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Ac-cent-tchu-ate_The_Positive
Bridge Over Troubled Water - Aretha Franklin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:34
- Published: 08 Aug 2012
- Updated: 09 Aug 2012
Greatest Hits 1971
http://wn.com/Bridge_Over_Troubled_Water_Aretha_Franklin
Aretha Franklin tribute to Whitney Houston, Charlotte, NC 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:17
- Published: 14 Feb 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin singing at a private concert at the McGlohon Theatre, Charlotte, NC, 2/13/12
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_tribute_to_Whitney_Houston,_Charlotte,_NC_2
Aretha Franklin's tribute Whitney: "I will always love you/Giving him something he can feel"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:20
- Published: 18 Feb 2012
- Updated: 15 Aug 2012
RADIO CITY Feb 17 2012
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin's_tribute_Whitney_I_will_always_love_you_Giving_him_something_he_can_feel
Aretha Franklin In WTA's Strong Is Beautiful Celebrity Campaign
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:16
- Published: 21 Aug 2012
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
The Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin stars in WTA's Strong Is Beautiful Celebrity Campaign. This campaign features celebrities from the fields of entertainment, music, business, film and sport, offering their personal time to speak about their love of women's tennis and its stars. Subscribe to the Official WTA YouTube channel - www.youtube.com The WTA is the global leader in women's professional sport with more than 2500 players representing 92 nations competing for a record $96 million in prize money at the WTA's 52 events and four Grand Slams in 32 countries. More than 5.2 million people attended women's tennis events in 2011 with millions more watching on television and digital channels around the world. Further information on the WTA can be found on: www.facebook.com twitter.com www.wtatennis.com
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_In_WTA's_Strong_Is_Beautiful_Celebrity_Campaign
Aretha Franklin - Respect / Dr. Feelgood / Think / Save Me - 7" EP Israel - 1968
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:27
- Published: 19 Jan 2012
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
No infringement of copyright is intended in any way under DMCA, under the terms of fair use for education. Title: Respect / Dr. Feelgood / Think / Save Me Label: Hispavox - Atlantic Catalogue #: ATL 901 Format: 7" EP -- 45 RPM Year: 1968 Country: Israel A1: Respect [Otis Redding] A2: Dr. Feelgood [Aretha Franklin, Ted White] B1: Think [Aretha Franklin, Ted White] B2: Save Me [Curtis Ousley, Aretha Franklin, Carolyn Franklin] allaretha.wordpress.com
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_Respect_Dr_Feelgood_Think_Save_Me_7_EP_Israel_1968
![Aretha Franklin - (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman [1967]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120828041209im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/dEWuAcMWDLY/0.jpg "Aretha Franklin - (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman [1967]")
Aretha Franklin - (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman [1967]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:50
- Published: 20 Jan 2011
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Aretha Franklin - (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman / Song written by Gerry Goffin, Carole King & Jerry Wexler / Album: Lady Soul (1967)
http://wn.com/Aretha_Franklin_You_Make_Me_Feel_Like_A_Natural_Woman_1967_
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By Associated Press Comments Hendersonville, Tenn. â For one night, Aretha Franklin was the Queen of Gospel â not just Soul. Franklin has been inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame along with country and bluegrass star Ricky Skaggs, singer-songwriter Dallas Holm, family group The...(size: 8.5Kb)
Raising their voices: Aretha Franklin, Ricky Skaggs among GMA Gospel Hall of Fame inductees
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HENDERSONVILLE, Tenn. - For one night, Aretha Franklin was the Queen of Gospel — not just Soul. Franklin has been inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame...(size: 1.1Kb)
Detroit Free Press
NASHVILLE, Tenn. -- Artists from all corners of the Christian music community gathered in Hendersonville on Tuesday to welcome the latest group of inductees into the Gospel Music Association's Gospel Music Hall of Fame. That group's impressive range was reflected in its two best-known inductees:...(size: 3.4Kb)
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By Susan Whitall The Detroit News Comments Aretha Franklin will appear tonight on NBC's "The Tonight Show with Jay Leno," airing on WDIV Channel 4 at 11:30 p.m. The Queen of Soul is set to perform Wednesday at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles, so she's out there with her band anyway. But there's no...(size: 7.6Kb)
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| Aretha Franklin | |
|---|---|
 Franklin performing at President Barack Obama's inauguration in 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Aretha Louise Franklin |
| Born | (1942-03-25) March 25, 1942 (age 70) Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Origin | Detroit, Michigan, U.S. |
| Genres | Soul, jazz, blues, R&B, gospel, funk, rock |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter, pianist |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1956–present |
| Labels | Columbia (1960–1966) Atlantic (1967–1979) Arista (1980–2003) Aretha Records (2004–) |
| Associated acts | Sweet Inspirations, Carolyn Franklin, Erma Franklin, Cissy Houston, Whitney Houston, George Benson, George Michael, Michael McDonald, Eurythmics, Luther Vandross |
Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American musician, singer, songwriter, and pianist. In a recording career that has spanned over half a century, Franklin's repertoire has included gospel, jazz, blues, R&B, pop, rock and funk. Franklin is known as one of the most important popularizers of the soul music genre and is referred to as the Queen of Soul, a title she was given early in her career. Franklin, the daughter of prominent Baptist minister and activist C. L. Franklin, began her singing career singing in her father's church at the age of ten and started recording four years later. After several years in the gospel circuit and with her father's blessing, she formed a secular pop music career at the age of eighteen, signing with Columbia Records, where she was branded by its CEO John Hammond as his most important act since Billie Holiday. Franklin's Columbia period wasn't as successful as hoped and in late 1966, Franklin switched over to Atlantic Records, where she began recording a string of popular hits including "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman", "Think", "Chain of Fools" and what later became her signature song, "Respect".
After a brief lull in 1969, Franklin continued to record a string of popular singles throughout the early 1970s, reaching her peak as an albums artist with 1970's Spirit in the Dark, 1971's Young, Gifted & Black and the 1972 gospel record, Amazing Grace, which later became one of the best-selling gospel albums of all time and was the biggest-selling album in gospel music for over 25 years. Franklin's success in Atlantic peaked after the release of the singles, "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)", "I'm in Love" and "Giving Him Something He Can Feel" and the 1976 soundtrack to the movie, Sparkle and Franklin left the label in 1980 to sign with Clive Davis' Arista Records label where she switched over from soul and funk music to a more conservative urban adult contemporary sound in the albums, Aretha and Love All the Hurt Away, before regaining commercial success with the 1982 album, Jump to It, produced by R&B hitmaker Luther Vandross. In 1984, Franklin added modern day pop rock and dance elements to her sound, which was integral to the success of her 1985 album, Who's Zoomin' Who?, which spawned the hits "Freeway of Love", "Who's Zoomin' Who" and the Eurythmics featured "Sisters Are Doin' It For Themselves". The 1986 release of Aretha featured her last number-one hit single with the George Michael duet "I Knew You Were Waiting for Me". Afterwards Franklin returned to a lull in her career until the release of 1998's A Rose Is Still a Rose, which incorporated modern day contemporary R&B and which the title track returned Franklin to the top 40 of the pop charts.
Rolling Stone magazine ranked her atop its "100 Greatest Singers of All Time" list,[1] as well as the ninth greatest artist of all time.[2] She has won 18 Grammys and received two honorary Grammys. In 1987, Franklin became the first female artist to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Franklin is planned to be inducted to the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame in August 2012.
Contents |
Early life (1942-1960)[link]
Franklin was born in Memphis, Tennessee to Barbara (née Siggers) and Clarence LaVaughn Franklin. Franklin's father, Clarence, otherwise known as "C. L." Franklin, was a rising itinerant preacher, who moved to Memphis from Shelby, Mississippi. Within two years after Aretha's birth, however, Franklin's father again moved, this time up north to Buffalo, New York. The initial reasoning behind Franklin's move to Buffalo was because Franklin sought to find better opportunities and reach a bigger church audience as compared to the South. However, it was debated Franklin moved after word reached about him impregnating a teenage member of his Memphis church and he moved north to avoid the scandal and a possible court case.
Franklin wasn't six yet when her father moved to and eventually settled in Detroit where he built his own church, the New Bethel Baptist Church. Following the move, Franklin's parents separated after a contentious marriage, with Barbara Franklin settling in Buffalo, New York where she became a nurse. Aretha would later recall spending time with her mother at her house in Buffalo during summertime visits though it had been debated Franklin's mother had abandoned her, a charge Franklin has constantly denied. Franklin wasn't yet ten when her mother died suddenly in Buffalo. While she and her siblings attended her funeral, it was said their father either couldn't or refuse to attend. Shortly after her mother was buried, Aretha started singing solos at her father's church.[4] Her father's local celebrity in Detroit helped to attract attention to Franklin's home. Franklin remembered seeing several celebrities and prominent public figures at her house. Among those that would later influenced her music and vocal style included gospel musicians Mahalia Jackson, Clara Ward and The Caravans founder Albertina Walker, while other musicians such as Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson and fellow preacher Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. also became prominent visitors. Franklin began playing the piano at a young age and knew much of how to play by ear. Franklin recalled that when it came to musical taste, her father wasn't strict, allowing Franklin to listen to a variety of genres including blues, jazz and R&B.
By the mid-fifties, Franklin's father was recording for JVB Records, becoming one of the few preachers to record an album full of sermons, which also included musical performances by the minister along with his choir. In 1956, Franklin started bringing his daughter with him to perform on the gospel circuit. That year, Franklin's father recorded his 14-year-old daughter's gospel performances at a local church and helped Franklin reach a deal with JVB Records where she recorded the album, Songs of Faith, and also released her first single, "Never Grow Old", which would later be reissued by Checker Records numerous times. Franklin's performances on the gospel circuit continued until she reached 17, by then Franklin had a desire to record pop music, something always frowned upon in the ministry. However, her father C. L. approved of her decision, and did the same with his eldest daughter Erma, and helped both daughters reach deals with several record labels outside of Detroit. Prior to signing her first deal, Motown CEO Berry Gordy pursued both Erma and Aretha to sign with Motown. C. L. Franklin, however, passed on the offer thinking the label was too local to promote their talents. Eventually, Aretha settled for Columbia Records.
Music career[link]
Early recordings (1960-1966)[link]
Franklin's first Columbia single, "Today I Sung the Blues", was released in September 1960, becoming her first charted success, it eventually reached #10 on Billboard's R&B chart. Her debut album Aretha followed in January of the following year, recorded with the Ray Bryant Combo. Franklin's second single, "Operation Heartbreak", repeated the R&B chart success of Franklin's debut single, reaching #7, followed by another R&B top ten single, "Won't Be Long". Franklin's recordings were often compared to that of Dinah Washington and Billie Holiday, singers Franklin admired. Columbia CEO and founder John Hammond, upon hearing Franklin, felt she had what it took to be the next Billie Holiday and recorded Franklin strictly in jazz-influenced pop.
Later Hammond acknowledged that he felt the label didn't understand Franklin's background in gospel music and failed to bring that aspect out in her first secular recordings.[5] Later in 1961, Franklin had her first top 40 single on the pop chart with a ballad rendition of "Rock-A-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody". While Franklin would later say she enjoyed her tenure on Columbia Records, most of the records were considered to be not artistically satisfying to Aretha's style and would later be forgotten about following Franklin's rise to stardom with her earthier R&B recordings with Atlantic. Franklin was placed on the list of jazz magazine Downbeat's top ten best jazz vocalists in 1961, 1962 and 1963. One of her most significant recordings during her early Columbia period was the ballad, "Skylark", recorded in 1962. The song previewed what was to come of Franklin as parts of her gospel singing was showcased in the song.
After a well received tribute album to Dinah Washington, Columbia Records switched paths from their early hopes of jazz stardom to more commercial pop music for Franklin as well as some blues music. The latter music showed up in Franklin's 1964 hit, "Runnin' Out of Fools". Afterwards, Franklin was given covers of Motown hits and other girl group sounding hit singles to record as well as original songs such as "One Step Ahead" and "Cry Like a Baby", which was a top 30 R&B recording and was one of the first hits written by the team of Ashford & Simpson. Following this, Franklin and Columbia opted not to renew their contract. Under the advice of her then-husband and manager, Ted White, Franklin decided to sign with top R&B label, Atlantic Records, signing with them in December 1966. Following her success with Atlantic, Columbia began reissuing Franklin's Columbia material and releasing Columbia recordings that Franklin hadn't released before she left the label in an attempt to capitalize on her success.
Success with Atlantic (1967-1976)[link]
After signing with Atlantic, Franklin was sent to the FAME Studios in Muscle Shoals, Alabama to record her first songs with the label alongside the respected Muscle Shoals Rhythm Section. It was in Muscle Shoals that Franklin cut her first Atlantic recording, the blues ballad "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)".[5] While busy recording another song at the studio, Franklin's husband and one of the musicians got into a drunken argument over Franklin, leading to the couple returning to their house in New York, where they hid for several weeks. Eventually, Franklin returned to record at New York's Atlantic Studios to finish her vocals on the song, "Do Right Woman, Do Right Man". "I Never Loved a Man" would be released in February 1967 and become Franklin's first significant hit single, reaching #9 on the pop chart and #1 on the R&B chart. The b-side, "Do Right Woman", helped Aretha's first Atlantic single to become a double-sided hit on the R&B chart, where it peaked at #37.
In April, Atlantic issued her second single, the Otis Redding song, "Respect"[5], which was re-arranged by the song's producers Jerry Wexler and Arif Mardin and Aretha into a gospel-sounding shouter with Franklin later incorporating call and response vocals with her two sisters, Erma and Carolyn present. With Wexler's allowance, Franklin added in the ad-lib, "r-e-s-p-e-c-t, find out what it means to me, r-e-s-p-e-c-t, take care, TCB", which led to her sisters afterwards shouting out, "sock it to me" repeatedly. Franklin would later insist the song's alleged sexual overtones were not what people insisted saying it was simply a female's response to her lover to show her respect. The song became a simultaneous #1 hit on the pop and R&B charts. Both songs helped its parent album, I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You, to reach the top ten of the pop albums chart. Franklin's version of "Respect" later was hailed as a 1960s anthem. Franklin's hit streak continued throughout 1967 and 1968 with songs such as "Baby I Love You", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Chain of Fools".[5] "Respect" later won Franklin her first two Grammys. She eventually won eight consecutive Grammys under the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance category.[6]
During a 1967 performance in a Chicago dance, deejay Pervis Spann crowned Franklin a tiara and announced her as "Lady Soul". Franklin's hit streak continued with songs such as "Think" (also referred sometimes as "Freedom" due to Franklin's repeats of the word), "Ain't No Way", "(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone", "The House That Jack Built" and "I Say a Little Prayer". Due to Franklin's earthier hits, her rendition of the latter song generated mild controversy due to her recording what had been strictly a sweet pop song recorded by Franklin's friend Dionne Warwick, however, the song turned out to be a huge success, eventually becoming a bigger hit in the UK where it reached #4. Franklin's albums such as Lady Soul (taken from the title she was given to in 1967) and Aretha Now became successful albums with Lady Soul boasting three top ten singles. Though she wouldn't take part in the civil rights movement of that time period, Franklin's songs, including "Respect" and "Think", were often used as a means of protest. Franklin insists however that she recorded the songs for fun as she was allowed to freely experiment with vocal styles in the studio. Around this time, Franklin used other background singers, including New Jersey backing group The Sweet Inspirations, to help her on recordings.
Franklin's hit streak was more modest throughout 1969 while Aretha battled personal problems including her filing for divorce from Ted White after eight years of an acrimonious marriage. After a break from the studio, she returned in mid-1969 and recorded "Share Your Love with Me" and the self-penned composition "Call Me", which was released in late 1969 and early 1970 respectively and returned Franklin to #1 on the R&B chart. Franklin also reinvented her style of dress and, as was the trend at the time, she wore an Afro hairstyle and adapted traditional African garb, influenced by the black nationalist movement that had started in the late 1960s. Franklin's success continued with her hit renditions of rock songs such as "The Weight", "Let It Be" and "Eleanor Rigby". Franklin's next album, Spirit in the Dark, included the hits "Spirit in the Dark" and "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)", which became a hit in the UK where Franklin promoted the single. The following year, Franklin became the first black artist to perform at Bill Graham's Fillmore West[7] where she later released a live album from the performance. Following these triumphs, Franklin was beginning to be referred to as "The Queen of Soul", a title which she's kept since.
Following the release of the 1971 hits, "Spanish Harlem" and the self-penned number "Rock Steady", Franklin issued the acclaimed Young, Gifted and Black album in early 1972 and had a follow-up hit with the ballad, "Day Dreaming". The album was also noted for Franklin recording the first cover of an Elton John song with Elton's song, "Border Song". Later in 1972, Franklin released her first gospel album in sixteen years with the Amazing Grace album, which became her most successful album in Atlantic Records, later reportedly selling over two million copies making it at that time the best-selling gospel album of all time. That record has since passed but Franklin's album still remains a huge seller. Franklin's success continued the following year with the release of the ballad, "Angel", which was co-penned by her sister Carolyn. The song was co-produced by Franklin and Quincy Jones, who together produced the concept album, Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky), which had initially started off as a jazz album. Though some noted the album for its risky experimentation of different styles, it wasn't totally received well by the Atlantic staff and some fans didn't know what to make of its direction. Following its release, Franklin began producing her own Atlantic albums after a renegotiation of her contract with the label. One of the first albums she released following her new deal was Let Me In Your Life, in 1974. The album returned Franklin, who was now adapting a more glamorous figure, to the top 40 thanks to the hits, "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" and "I'm in Love" and a sensual cover of the Marvin Gaye single, "Ain't Nothing Like the Real Thing".
By the release of 1974's With Everything I Feel in Me and 1975's You, however, Franklin's success had started to peak. Having relocated to Los Angeles, Franklin's recordings suffered from dismal promotion and changing musical tastes as soul music started to lose its popularity with pop fans in the emergence of different genres such as hard rock, heavy metal, funk and disco. The albums weren't hits and no song from any of those albums were huge hits, leading to a fallout between Franklin and Atlantic Records, which had started with the label's embrace of British hard rock group Led Zeppelin and softer R&B vocalist Roberta Flack, no longer making Franklin the top priority artist she had been since signing with the label. To make matters worse, in 1976, her eight-year streak of winning a Grammy for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance, was broken by Natalie Cole. However, that year, Franklin found renewed success with the Curtis Mayfield production, Sparkle, which spawned the #1 R&B hit, "Giving Him Something He Can Feel" and going gold.
Fallout with Atlantic and first Arista recordings (1977-1984)[link]
However, the success wouldn't last long. Franklin's next three albums, the Lamont Dozier and Carole Bayer Sager-produced Sweet Passion, the Mayfield produced Almighty Fire and the Van McCoy-produced La Diva tanked on the charts and no single released from those albums charted on the Hot 100 during this tumultuous period. Franklin continued performing in the US and worldwide but was now building a reputation on living comfortably off royalties so that she only performed on occasion rather than as normal procedure. Aretha would later win the masters off her post-1974 Atlantic recordings. Following the release of La Diva in 1979, Atlantic decided not to renew her contract.
In 1980, Franklin gained something of a new audience after a cameo appearance in The Blues Brothers film where she appeared as the wife of Matt "Guitar" Murphy and engages in a brief war of words with Dan Aykroyd's and John Belushi's characters Elwood and Jake Blues, over Murphy leaving his restaurant to perform with them again in which Franklin afterwards performed "Think". Afterwards, Franklin signed a contract with Clive Davis' Arista Records label. Later in 1980, she issued the Aretha album, which featured a minor hit, "United Together", which became a #3 R&B hit. The music on Aretha and its 1981 follow-up, Love All the Hurt Away, furthered Franklin away from earthy soul and into a more glossier and conservative form of R&B music labeled as urban contemporary. The title track off her 1981 album produced another R&B hit with duet vocals provided by George Benson.
In 1982, Franklin returned to the top of the R&B charts with the Jump to It album boasted by the success of the title track, which became her first number-one R&B single in five years. The album also became her first to go gold after her first two Arista albums had failed to reach that position. The album was produced by then R&B hitmaker Luther Vandross, who was then called in to produce Franklin's follow-up, 1983's Get It Right. However, that record failed, selling less than 200,000 copies, despite the title track becoming another number-one R&B hit for Franklin.
Success with Arista (1985-1998)[link]
Following its release and the subsequent death of her minister father, C. L., in 1984, Franklin laid low for a few months before returning to the studio in her native Detroit to record her next Arista album which was later titled, Who's Zoomin' Who? The inspiration behind the making of the album was due to Aretha listening to the radio and liking what she heard and opted for "a younger sound".[8] This album was produced by rising producer Narada Michael Walden. The album included dance, pop and modern rock elements and would return Franklin to the top ten of the pop charts. "Freeway of Love" became her biggest hit in years reaching #3 on the pop chart and #1 R&B while the follow-up, "Who's Zoomin' Who" reached #7 pop and #2 R&B and was co-penned by Franklin, partly because she inspired the song title. A third single, "Sisters Are Doin' It For Themselves", featuring the Eurythmics, peaked at #18 on the pop charts. The videos for "Freeway of Love" and "Sisters" made Franklin popular with music video audiences and her success was compared to another sixties R&B contemporary, Tina Turner's own groundbreaking success years after leaving Ike Turner.
Franklin followed up this success with the Aretha album in 1986. The album spawned another series of hits including "Jimmy Lee", a cover of the Rolling Stones hit "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and the #1 George Michael duet, "I Knew You Were Waiting for Me" later going gold. To help promote the album, Franklin filmed a Showtime concert TV special. Around this time, Franklin also contributed her voice to several TV networks including a theme song for ABC TV titled "Together" in 1986[9] and the hit series, "A Different World", where her rendition of the theme song remained part of the show from its second season in 1988 through its fifth season in 1992. However, Franklin's success was not as long lasting. Due to an accident in a plane she suffered in 1983, Franklin missed schedule for performances overseas which caused a pain for Arista promoters overseas. Also a problem was Franklin's vocals, which was starting to hamper after years of cigarette smoking. Franklin started adapting to a raspier, low tone starting with performances in 1982 and 1983. In spite of this, she remained a popular concert draw. In 1987, Franklin recorded her first gospel album in fifteen years, One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism, in hopes of having similar success with that record as she had had with Amazing Grace. However, the album failed to find an audience. Franklin returned to the pop charts in 1989 with the release of the Elton John duet, "Through the Storm" and the subsequent release of the album of the same name. However, the album failed to become a success and a much publicized duet with fellow label mate and chart-topping singer Whitney Houston titled "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Never Gonna Be" failed to bring much notice peaking below the top 40.
Franklin's attempt at revamping her sound with new jack swing productions in the 1991 album, What You See Is What You Sweat was badly received and was another commercial failure. Following this, Franklin quit chain smoking and spent the next several years reviving parts of her vocal style. In 1994, she contributed to the Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit soundtrack recording the dance song, "A Deeper Love", which became Franklin's biggest single in years reaching #5 in the UK. Later that year, following the release of an Arista best-of, Franklin recorded the Babyface compositions, "Honey" and "Willing to Forgive", with the latter single becoming her first top 40 single in five years. Franklin later contributed vocals to the Waiting to Exhale soundtrack recording the song "It Hurts Like Hell" and following a couple years on the road, recorded the hit album, A Rose Is Still a Rose, which success was mainly due to the success of its title track, which became her last top 40 single on the Billboard Hot 100 nearly 40 years after recording her first one. Throughout 1998, Franklin had success with TV performances including the 1998 Grammys when she performed Luciano Pavarotti's rendition of the opera ballad, "Nessun Dorma", generating a standing ovation at the end of her performance, and a show-stopping performance at VH-1's Divas Live.
Later work (1999-present)[link]
In 1999, Franklin issued her autobiography, Aretha: From These Roots. Franklin would not release her next album until 2003 when she issued the album, So Damn Happy. In between then, she contributed to albums and songs by several artists including K-Ci and JoJo on a song titled "Angel", and Mary J. Blige on the song, "Don't Waste Your Time", featured on Blige's 1999 album, Mary. The So Damn Happy album featured a minor R&B hit with "Wonderful", which later nabbed Franklin another Grammy. After the release of So Damn Happy, Franklin decided to not renew her contract with Arista after 23 years with the label. In 2004, she began work on her album, A Woman Falling Out of Love, due to be the first release off her dormant Aretha's Records, in 2005. In the meantime, Arista released a duets compilation, 2007's Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen, which featured another minor R&B hit with the Fantasia duet, "Put You Up on Game". That same year, Franklin issued her first Christmas album, This Christmas, Aretha, which was initially released as a Borders Group exclusive and was later issued on the DMI label.
In 2008, she won her 18th career Grammy in the gospel category on the song "Never Break My Faith" with Mary J. Blige. A year after, she received news for performing at the inauguration for then newly elected President Barack Obama performing the song "My Country 'Tis of Thee", with her attire, including her church hat, becoming a popular item online and the subject of several internet memes. The following year, Franklin received an honorary music degree from Yale.[10] By 2010, Franklin announced that she had sold her rights to movie producers to produce a biopic on her in which would be loosely based off Franklin's 1999 memoirs, Aretha: From These Roots. Franklin had initially planned for Halle Berry to play her in the featured role but Berry turned down her offer in January 2011. Franklin has since picked singer Audra McDonald to play her.
In May 2011, commemorating on her 50th anniversary since the release of her first non-gospel recording, Franklin issued her 38th studio release, A Woman Falling Out of Love through WalMart. Franklin recorded two duets with longtime friend, Ronald Isley of The Isley Brothers, recording "The Way We Were" on Aretha's album, while recording "You've Got a Friend" on Isley's record, Mr. I. Later in September, Franklin contributed duet vocals to the Tony Bennett rendition of "How Do You Keep The Music Playing" off his Duets II album.
Personal life[link]
Children[link]
Aretha, by her own admission grew up fast as a child and discovered boys at the age of thirteen, getting pregnant just three months after becoming a teenager. A relationship with one boy led to the birth of her first son, Clarence, named after her father, on March 28, 1956, just three days after she turned 14. In January 1957, before reaching 15, Franklin had another son, Edward, with another boy.[11] She never identified by name the father of either child. Her grandmother, Rachel, raised the boys while Aretha pursued her singing career. Rachel lived in a guest house behind C.L. Franklin's LaSalle Street home. (The Franklin family moved from their home on Boston Street in Detroit's North End section to LaSalle Street during the late 1950s.)
Franklin had a third son, Ted White, Jr. (sometimes referred to as Teddy Richards), with her manager and former family friend Ted White, Sr., born in 1964. Teddy is the musical director and guitarist of his mother's touring band.[12] A relationship with road manager Ken Cunningham produced a fourth son, Kecalf, who was named after the first initials of their parents' names.[13] Kecalf, her youngest-born child, was born three days after his mother's 28th birthday. In 2010, Aretha's son Edward was attacked by three people at a Detroit gas station near Plymouth Road and Evergreen.[14][15] Kecalf Franklin, Aretha's youngest son, is currently a rapper and produces gospel recordings.[16]
Marriages[link]
Against her father's wishes, Aretha married her first husband, Ted White, in front of a justice of the peace in Ohio in 1961 when she was nineteen. White later replaced Aretha's father as her manager in 1967. According to close friends, White was physically abusive and it's suggested White's physical abuse and philandering were the cause of Franklin's heart-wrenching vocals on her best-known recordings during the Atlantic years. Her producer, Jerry Wexler once called Franklin "the lady of mysterious sorrows" since Aretha didn't tell anyone her personal story. Following a 1968 cover article in Time magazine in which her abusive marriage and a claim that her mother abandoned her at a young age led Franklin to not give any interviews to media groups and increasing her privacy.
After ending her affair with Ken Cunningham after a seven-year on-again, off-again relationship, Franklin married actor Glynn Turman on April 11, 1978 at her father's New Bethel Baptist Church with her father presiding over the ceremony. Aretha became a surrogate stepmother to Turman's three children from a previous marriage. Due to their schedules, however, it wasn't long before their marriage fell apart despite living together in Franklin's mansion in Encino. In late 1982, Franklin and Turman separated after only four years, eventually divorcing in early 1984. In early 2012, it was reported that Franklin was set to walk down the aisle a third time with her longtime companion Willie Wilkerson.[17][18] Franklin and Wilkerson had plans to marry in 1987 but later nixed those plans. Within a month after Aretha had announced the wedding this year, she nixed the plans again.
Relatives, other romances and friends[link]
Franklin's sisters Erma Franklin and Carolyn Franklin were professional singers and sang as backup for Aretha during her initial success at Atlantic. Her brother, the Reverend Cecil Franklin, took over as her manager after her divorce from Ted White was finalized. Cecil remained her manager until his death from cancer on December 26, 1989. Younger sister Carolyn preceded Cecil in death in early 1988 from breast cancer while Erma Franklin later died from throat cancer in 2002. Franklin's eldest half-brother, Vaughn (born December 24, 1934) and elder half-sister Carl Kelley (née Jennings; born 1940) are still alive. Kelley is C.L. Franklin's daughter by Mildred Jennings, a then 12-year-old congregant of New Salem Baptist Church of Memphis, Tennessee, where C.L. was pastor in the late 1930s and early 1940s.[19] Franklin was close to her minister father, C. L. Franklin. C. L. served as Franklin's first manager, a position he gave up to Ted White around 1967. Aretha was performing in Las Vegas on June 10, 1979 when her father was shot by attempted robbers at his LaSalle Street home in Detroit. Aretha and her family returned their father back to his home six months after the shooting left him in a coma. Aretha moved back to Detroit at the end of 1982 to assist with the care of her father, who died in a nursing home on July 27, 1984.
Aretha's relationship with road manager Ken Cunningham was on and off from 1969 until a final breakup in 1976. During one breakup in 1971, Franklin, living back in northwest Detroit, had a brief liaison with Temptations star Dennis Edwards. The relationship inspired Franklin's hit, "Day Dreaming". Franklin and Edwards' romance cooled quickly but they've remained friends. Aretha is also friendly with many of her Detroit peers that went on to be music superstars including Smokey Robinson and Stevie Wonder. She was friendly with members of the Four Tops as well, later singing with them on several records in the 1980s. Franklin also had a close friendship with Sam Cooke after meeting as gospel performers. Following Cooke's death, Franklin recorded his songs "A Change Is Gonna Come" and "You Send Me".
Franklin grew close with Sweet Inspirations founder Cissy Houston, who sang background on Franklin's "Ain't No Way".[20] Due to this friendship, she was later made honorary aunt of Cissy's daughter, Whitney Houston, who often referred to Franklin as "Auntie Ree".[21] Franklin recalled meeting Whitney at either 8 or 9 years old when Whitney's mother brought her to a recording studio.[22] Sometime in the 1980s, a PR mistake listed Franklin as Houston's godmother. On February 11, 2012, Whitney Houston died in Beverly Hills from unknown causes.[23] Aretha was devastated by her death and said it was "so stunning and unbelievable".[23] She planned to perform at the memorial service on February 18, but her representative claimed that Aretha was "ill" and was "not performing at the memorial service", though she later performed at New York's Radio City Music Hall on the same night.[24][25]
Weight issues, health problems, surgery and rumors of cancer[link]
Franklin acknowledged her issues with her weight in the past even telling an interviewer from Jet magazine that she was always trying to lose weight. Before undergoing surgery for an undisclosed ailment that halted her schedule in 2010, Franklin had begun losing weight. According to the singer in 2011, she said she had lost up to 85 lbs in weight following her surgery. In the past, Franklin had went through periods of yo-yo dieting, at one time, losing over 100 pounds showing off her weight loss on the cover of Ebony magazine in 1974. Franklin managed to keep the weight off until after 1982. After another slim period in the early '90s, and after quitting cigarettes cold turkey in 1991, Franklin's weight started to balloon up. In 2010, Franklin suffered a pain in her side which she said, "was so hard it almost brought me to my knees." After continuing a concert tour, the pain recurred, and she subsequently underwent surgery for an undisclosed ailment in October 2010, ending several engagements with Condoleeza Rice. At this time, rumors surfaced that she was suffering from pancreatic cancer. In discussing the events in 2011, she has said that this was not the case and that her doctor told her, "the surgery that you just had is going to add 15 to 20 more years to your life."[26]
Connection to the Civil Rights Movement[link]
Franklin’s music and civil rights involvement cannot be separated for it was through music, which Franklin was able to reach out to so many and empower those who had felt so long oppressed.
Aretha Franklin first became connected with the civil rights movement through her father, Reverend C.L. Franklin. Rev. Franklin was an influential preacher who traveled the country as well as recorded a weekly sermon for the radio station, WLAC, which reached 65 percent of the African-American population. It was these same tours that Aretha would begin her singing career.[27] Rev. Franklin would also introduce Aretha to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. starting a life long friendship between the two.
It was Franklin's soulful sound, which would become the driving anthem of the civil rights movement or as poet Nikki Giovanni put it “the voice of the civil rights movement, the voice of the black America”.[28]
Through Franklin’s album ‘I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You’, hit ‘Respect’ rose to the top. Her strong voice asking for something as simple as respect reflects the cries of the civil rights movement. Her lyrics mirror that of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s ‘I Have A Dream’ speech. Most notably the lines “Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children”.[29] While the civil rights movement was already in motion before Franklin became a prominent figure she had now lent it a soundtrack.
Franklin did not have to do much to help propel the civil rights movement. “Her own sense of pride and her dignified stance, she represented the new black woman of the late 1960s”.[13] Franklin’s own sound and presence were enough to reflect the ideas of the movement and were what caused her to become a notable figure in the cause.
Franklin was not actively heading demonstrations or participating in sit-ins, but she was able to do her part and use her talent to help the movement. She would numerous times perform at rallies with King, lending her voice and fame to pull in crowds. Franklin is a registered Democrat.[30]
Awards and achievements[link]
- On June 28, 1968 she became the second African-American woman to appear on the cover of TIME magazine.[31]
- On August 1, 1968, she sang the National Anthem at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago, IL.
- In 1985, then-Gov. James Blanchard of Michigan declared her voice “a natural resource” during a ceremony that marked her 25 years in show business.
- Aretha Franklin is one of three musicians, along with Madonna & Marvin Gaye, to have singles peak at each of the top 10 positions on the US Billboard Hot 100.
- On January 20, 1987, she became the first woman to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[32]
- On March 29, 1987, Franklin sang "America the Beautiful" at WrestleMania III.
- In September 1999, she was awarded The National Medal of Arts by President Clinton.
- In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked her ninth on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[33]
- In 2005, she was awarded The Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George W. Bush.
- In 2005, she became the second woman (Madonna being the first) to be inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame.
- In 2005, Franklin was inducted into the Michigan Rock and Roll Legends Hall of Fame.[34]
- On February 6, 2006, she performed, along with Aaron Neville, "The Star-Spangled Banner" at Super Bowl XL.
- On May 13, 2006, she was presented with an honorary Doctor of Music degree by the Berklee College of Music.
- On April 1, 2007 Aretha sang "America the Beautiful" at WrestleMania 23.
- On May 14, 2007, she was presented with an honorary Doctor of Music degree from the University of Pennsylvania.
- In 2007, Aretha Franklin's recording of "Respect" was voted a Legendary Michigan Song.[35]
- Is an honorary member of Delta Sigma Theta sorority
- On February 8, 2008, Franklin was honored as MusiCares "Person of the Year".
- On February 14, 2008, Franklin was given the Vanguard award at the NAACP Image awards.
- On May 4, 2008, Franklin was given the Key to the City of Memphis at the 2008 "Memphis in May International Music Festival" by Mayor Dr. Willie Herenton during her performance onstage.
- On September 13, 2008, Franklin was ranked No. 19 on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists list by Billboard.[36]
- November 2008, Franklin was named by Rolling Stone as the No. 1 all-time best singer of the rock era, according to the magazine's survey of 179 musicians, producers, Rolling Stone editors, and other music industry insiders.[37]
- On January 20, 2009, Franklin performed "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" during the inauguration ceremony of Barack Obama.
- On May 23, 2010, Franklin received an Honorary Doctorate in Music from Yale University.[38]
- On June 1, 2010, Aretha Franklin's recording of "Chain Of Fools" was voted a Legendary Michigan Song.[35]
- On February 13, 2011, the Grammy Awards paid tribute to Franklin with a medley of her classics by fellow singers Christina Aguilera, Florence Welch, Jennifer Hudson, Martina McBride and Yolanda Adams[39]
- On October 16, 2011, Franklin sang "Precious Lord (Take My Hand)" for Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s memorial dedication ceremony in Washington, D.C.
- On August 14, 2012, Franklin will be inducted to the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame.
Grammy Awards[link]
Franklin has won 18[40] performance Grammy Awards,[41] and two honorary Grammys: the Grammy Legend Award (1991) and the Recording Academy Lifetime Achievement Award (1994).[42]
She holds the record[citation needed] for most Best Female R&B Vocal Performance awards, with eleven to her name (including eight consecutive awards from 1968 to 1975 – the first eight awarded in that category).
| Aretha Franklin's 18 Grammy Award Wins | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| # | Year | Category | Genre | Title |
| 1 | 1968 | Best Rhythm & Blues Recording | R&B | Respect |
| 2 | 1968 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Respect |
| 3 | 1969 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Chain Of Fools |
| 4 | 1970 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Share Your Love With Me |
| 5 | 1971 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Don't Play That Song For Me |
| 6 | 1972 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Bridge Over Troubled Water |
| 7 | 1973 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Young, Gifted and Black (album) |
| 8 | 1973 | Best Soul Gospel Performance | Gospel | Amazing Grace (album) |
| 9 | 1974 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Master Of Eyes |
| 10 | 1975 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Ain't Nothing Like The Real Thing |
| 11 | 1982 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Hold On...I'm Comin' (album track) |
| 12 | 1986 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Freeway Of Love |
| 13 | 1988 | Best Female R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Aretha (album) |
| 14 | 1988 | Best R&B Performance – Duo Or Group with Vocals | R&B | I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me) (with George Michael) |
| 15 | 1989 | Best Soul Gospel Performance – Female | Gospel | One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism (album) |
| * | 1991 | Living Legend Award | Special | |
| * | 1994 | Lifetime Achievement Award | Special | |
| 16 | 2004 | Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | Wonderful |
| 17 | 2006 | Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance | R&B | A House Is Not A Home |
| 18 | 2008 | Best Gospel-Soul Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group | Gospel | Never Gonna Break My Faith (with Mary J. Blige) |
Discography[link]
Further information: Aretha Franklin discography
LPs[link]
- Songs of Faith (1956)
- Aretha (1961)
- The Electrifying Aretha Franklin ' (1962)
- The Tender, the Moving, the Swinging Aretha Franklin' (1962)
- Laughing on the Outside (1963)
- Unforgettable: A Tribute to Dinah Washington (1964)
- Runnin' Out of Fools (1964)
- Yeah!!! In Person (1965)
- Soul Sister (1966)
- Take It Like You Give It (1967)
- I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You (1967)
- Aretha Arrives (1967)
- Lady Soul (1968)
- Aretha Now (1968)
- Soul '69 (1969)
- This Girl's in Love with You (1970)
- Spirit in the Dark (1970)
- Young, Gifted and Black (1972)
- Amazing Grace (1972)
- Hey Now Hey (The Other Side of the Sky) (1973)
- Let Me in Your Life (1974)
- With Everything I Feel in Me (1974)
- You (1975)
- Sparkle (1976)
- Sweet Passion (1977)
- Almighty Fire (1978)
- La Diva (1979)
- Aretha (1980)
- Love All the Hurt Away (1981)
- Jump to It (1982)
- Get It Right (1983)
- Who's Zoomin' Who? (1985)
- Aretha (1986)
- One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism (1987)
- Through the Storm (1989)
- What You See Is What You Sweat (1991)
- A Rose Is Still a Rose (1998)
- So Damn Happy (2003)
- This Christmas, Aretha (2008)
- A Woman Falling Out of Love (2011)
Top 10 US Hot 100 singles[link]
| Year | Title | Peak |
|---|---|---|
| 1967 | "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" | 9 |
| 1967 | "Respect" | 1 |
| 1967 | "Baby I Love You" | 4 |
| 1967 | "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" | 8 |
| 1967 | "Chain of Fools" | 2 |
| 1968 | "(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone" | 5 |
| 1968 | "Think" | 7 |
| 1968 | "The House That Jack Built" | 6 |
| 1968 | "I Say a Little Prayer" | 10 |
| 1971 | "Bridge Over Troubled Water" / "Brand New Me" | 6 |
| 1971 | "Spanish Harlem" | 2 |
| 1971 | "Rock Steady" | 9 |
| 1972 | "Day Dreaming" | 5 |
| 1973 | "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" | 3 |
| 1985 | "Freeway of Love" | 3 |
| 1985 | "Who's Zoomin' Who" | 7 |
| 1987 | "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" (with George Michael) | 1 |
Source:[43]
All no. 1 hits in US R&B 100 singles[link]
| Year | Title |
|---|---|
| 1967 | "I Never Loved a Man (The Way I Love You)" |
| 1967 | "Respect" |
| 1967 | "Baby I Love You" |
| 1967 | "Chain of Fools" |
| 1968 | "(Sweet Sweet Baby) Since You've Been Gone" |
| 1968 | "Think" |
| 1969 | "Share Your Love with Me" |
| 1970 | "Call Me" |
| 1970 | "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)" |
| 1971 | "Bridge Over Troubled Water" / "Brand New Me" |
| 1971 | "Spanish Harlem" |
| 1972 | "Day Dreaming" |
| 1973 | "Angel" |
| 1973 | "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)" |
| 1974 | "I'm in Love" |
| 1976 | "Something He Can Feel" |
| 1977 | "Break It to Me Gently" |
| 1982 | "Jump to It" |
| 1983 | "Get It Right" |
| 1985 | "Freeway of Love" |
Source:[43]
Filmography[link]
Movies / Concerts / Documentaries[link]
- The Blues Brothers (1980)
- Motown 40: The Music Is Forever (1998) (ABC-TV documentary)
- Blues Brothers 2000 (1998)
- DIVAS LIVE (1998)
- Immaculate Funk (2000) (documentary)
- Rhythm, Love and Soul (2002)
- Tom Dowd & the Language of Music (2003) (documentary)
- Singing in the Shadow: The Children of Rock Royalty (2003) (documentary)
- From The Heart / The Four Tops 50th Anniversary and Celebration (2004)
- Atlantic Records: The House that Ahmet Built (2007) (documentary)
Television[link]
- The Tonight Show / Johnny Carson
- The Mike Douglas Show
- In 1972, she had a role in the TV show Room 222
- Solid Gold (numerous appearances with the last in 1982 performing "Jump To It")
- Kelly & Company (Marilyn Turner and John Kelly, Detroit)
- Dayna (Dayna Eubanks, fomer Detroit newscaster)
- Rolonda Show (Rolonda Watts)
- The Oprah Winfrey Show (numerous appearances including Oprah's 40th birthday, with Patti LaBelle and Gladys Knight)
- Live with Regis and Kelly (numerous appearances)
- The View
References[link]
- ^ "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Rolling Stone (1066): 73. November 27, 2008. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/6027/32782/32784. Retrieved October 6, 2010.
- ^ Waxler, Jerry. "100 Greatest Artists of All Time". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/100-greatest-artists-of-all-time-19691231/aretha-franklin-19691231. Retrieved April 19, 2012.
- ^ "Sister Ree's Scrapbook, An Aretha Franklin Photo Gallery 13". http://www.morethings.com/music/aretha_franklin/photo_gallery13.htm. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ Dave Hoekstra (12 May 2011). "Aretha Franklin’s roots of soul". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/entertainment/music/5151565-421/roots--of-soul.html. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ a b c d Gilliland, John (1969). "Show 52 – The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. [Part 8] : UNT Digital Library" (audio). Pop Chronicles. Digital.library.unt.edu. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc19834/m1.
- ^ Natalie Cole broke Franklin's "Best Female R&B Vocal Performance" winning streak with her 1975 single "This Will Be (An Everlasting Love)" (which, ironically, was originally offered to Franklin).
- ^ "Aretha Franklin songs". http://www.wolfgangsvault.com/aretha-franklin/songs. – from the Bill Graham archives; requires free login.
- ^ Rolling Stone magazine, "Aretha Franklin's New Wave of Pop" by Eliza Graham, page 11.
- ^ Patrick Goldstein (18 July 1986). "Writer`s Ballad Tapped For Abc-tv Fall Theme". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/1986-07-18/features/8602120160_1_abc-tv-aretha-franklin-brock-walsh. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ Rosenthal, Lauren (May 24, 2010). "Univ. confers 3,243 degrees at 309th Commencement". Yale Daily News. http://www.yaledailynews.com/news/2010/may/24/univ-confers-3243-degrees-at-309th-commencement. Retrieved November 30, 2010.
- ^ Nick Salvatore (2005). Singing in a Strange Land: C.L. Franklin, the Black Church, and the Transformation of America. Little Brown. pp. 203–204, 224. ISBN 0-316-16037-7. OCLC 56104283. http://books.google.com/books?id=bRDAQSK9DlkC&pg=PA203.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin gets engaged". NDTV. 3 January 2012. http://www.ndtv.com/article/music/aretha-franklin-gets-engaged-163296. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ a b Bego, Mark (1989). Aretha Franklin: The Queen Of Soul. New York: St.Martin's Press. p. page #s?. ISBN 0-306-8093-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=ErKigdCXUwoC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Bego,+Mark.+Aretha+Franklin:+the+queen+of+soul&hl=en&ei=s3nhToWzL-je2QXPqYjMBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDYQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Bego%2C%20Mark.%20Aretha%20Franklin%3A%20the%20queen%20of%20soul&f=false.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin's 52-year-old son hospitalised after brutal attack at Detroit gas station". Daily Mail. 22 September 2010. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-1314055/Aretha-Franklins-son-Eddie-hospitalised-Detroit-gas-station-attack.html. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin's son has been released from hospital after being beaten in Detroit". Action News. September 21, 2010. http://www.wxyz.com/dpp/homepage_showcase/aretha-franklin%27s-son-severely-beaten-in-detroit.
- ^ "Franklin previews new album at Detroit restaurant". Journal Register Company. 27 February 2010. http://www.themorningsun.com/articles/2010/02/27/entertainment/srv0000007709849.txt. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ "Soul singer Aretha Franklin is engaged". CNN. January 2, 2012. http://www.cnn.com/2012/01/02/showbiz/aretha-franklin-engaged/?hpt=hp_c2.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin to get married this summer | Celebrity Buzz | a Chron.com blog". Blog.chron.com. 2012-01-02. http://blog.chron.com/celebritybuzz/2012/01/aretha-franklin-to-get-married-this-summer/. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
- ^ Salvatore, Nick, Singing in a Strange Land: C. L. Franklin, the Black Church, and the Transformation of America, Little Brown, 2005, Hardcover ISBN 0-316-16037-7, pp. 61–62
- ^ Roger Friedman (17 February 2012). "Who Is Cissy Houston? A Primer". Showbiz411. http://www.showbiz411.com/2012/02/17/who-is-cissy-houston-a-primer. Retrieved 18 April 2012.
- ^ Whitall, Susan. "Aretha Franklin recalls meeting a young Whitney Houston". The Queen of Soul corrected one thing about her relationship to Houston. She says she wasn't Houston's godmother, but a sort of honorary aunt.. The Detroit News. http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120217/ENT09/202170397/1361/Aretha-Franklin-recalls-meeting-a-young-Whitney-Houston. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ Whitall, Susan. "Aretha Franklin recalls meeting a young Whitney Houston". Aretha Franklin, who will sing at Whitney Houston's funeral Saturday, spoke to Al Roker on the "Today" show Friday morning about the first time she met Houston, as a wide-eyed 8- or 9-year-old.. The Detroit News. http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120217/ENT09/202170397/1361/Aretha-Franklin-recalls-meeting-a-young-Whitney-Houston. Retrieved 18 February 2012.
- ^ a b "Singer Whitney Houston dies at 48 - CNN.com". CNN. February 12, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/11/showbiz/whitney-houston-dead/?hpt=hp_t1.
- ^ "At Houston funeral, stories of faith, courage and love - CNN.com". CNN. February 19, 2012. http://edition.cnn.com/2012/02/18/showbiz/whitney-houston-funeral/index.html?hpt=hp_c1.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin - Calls in Sick to Whitney Houston's Funeral, But Performs in NYC That Night". TMZ.com. 2012-02-19. http://www.tmz.com/2012/02/19/whitney-houston-funeral-aretha-frranklin/#.T0HXQnJSSkU. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin Sets The Record Straight On Her Health". Access Hollywood. January 13, 2011. http://www.accesshollywood.com/aretha-franklin-sets-the-record-straight-on-her-health-i-dont-know-where-pancreatic-cancer-came-from_article_42228.
- ^ Carroll, Jillian (2004). Aretha Franklin. Chicago: Raintree. ISBN 0-7398-7029-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=7nhDFoq_iQEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=Carroll,+Jillian.+Aretha+Franklin.&hl=en&ei=xXbhTui5Ks-msQLMyt32BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDAQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Carroll%2C%20Jillian.%20Aretha%20Franklin.&f=false.
- ^ Dobkin, Matt (2006). I Never Loved A Man The Way I Love You: Aretha Franklin, Respect, and the Making Of A Soul Music Masterpiece. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0-312-31828-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=lHJC0ne4zbAC&printsec=frontcover&dq=I+Never+Loved+A+Man+The+Way+I+Love+You:+Aretha+Franklin,+Respect,+and+the+Making+Of+A+Soul+Music+Masterpiece&hl=en&ei=03jhTtbkCeK3sQKRvKGLBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=I%20Never%20Loved%20A%20Man%20The%20Way%20I%20Love%20You%3A%20Aretha%20Franklin%2C%20Respect%2C%20and%20the%20Making%20Of%20A%20Soul%20Music%20Masterpiece&f=false.
- ^ Luther King, Jr., Martin. "I Have A Dream". I Have A Dream. http://www.news.wisc.edu/releases/3504.html. Retrieved December 9, 2011.
- ^ On an ABC promo aired on July 27, 2010 announcing Franklin and Rice's appearing together in concert there was a segment in which Franklin was being interviewed and she said herself, "I am a Democrat".
- ^ "TIME Magazine Cover: Aretha Franklin". Time. June 28, 1968. http://www.time.com/time/covers/0,16641,19680628,00.html. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ^ "Aretha Franklin Biography". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. undated. Archived from the original on November 27, 2010. http://rockhall.com/inductees/aretha-franklin/bio/.
- ^ "The Immortals: The First Fifty". Rolling Stone Issue 946. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/5939214/the_immortals_the_first_fifty.
- ^ Category: Inductees. "Aretha Franklin". Michigan Rock and Roll Legends. http://www.michiganrockandrolllegends.com/mrrl-hall-of-fame/70-aretha-franklin. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
- ^ a b Category: Uncategorised. "Legendary Michigan Songs". Michigan Rock and Roll Legends. http://www.michiganrockandrolllegends.com/legendary-michigan-songs-inductees. Retrieved 2012-05-13.
- ^ The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists. Billboard.com. Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Aretha Franklin greatest singer in rock era: poll. Music.yahoo.com (2008-11-11). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Franklin receives honorary doctorate from Yale. Newsone.com (2010-05-24). Retrieved on July 8, 2011.
- ^ Grammay Awards tribute to Aretha Franklin
- ^ According to NARAS rules,[where?] Special Grammy Awards (such as Lifetime Achievement) are not counted in a performer's tally.
- ^ "Past Winners Search: Aretha Franklin". Grammy.com. http://www.grammy.com/nominees/search?artist=Aretha+Franklin&title=&year=All&genre=All. Retrieved January 2, 2011.
- ^ Nechvatal, Zack (February 10, 2011). "Grammy Awards To Honor Aretha Franklin". Chicago, Illinois: WXRT/CBS Radio. Archived from the original on January 2, 2012. http://wxrt.radio.com/2011/02/10/grammy-awards-to-honor-aretha-franklin/. Retrieved January 2, 2012.
- ^ a b "Aretha Franklin: Biography". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on May 3, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090503075231/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/arethafranklin/biography. Retrieved March 21, 2010.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Aretha Franklin |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Aretha Franklin |
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Book: Aretha Franklin |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Aretha Franklin at Legacy Recordings
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Aretha Franklin at the Internet Movie Database
- Aretha Franklin at NPR Music
- Aretha Franklin collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Works by or about Aretha Franklin in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Aretha Franklin at Answers.com
- Aretha Franklin discography at Discogs
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Franklin, Aretha Louise |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American singer |
| Date of birth | March 25, 1942 |
| Place of birth | Memphis, Tennessee, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the singer. For her self-titled album, see Mariah Carey (album).
| Mariah Carey | |
|---|---|
 Carey at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1970-03-27) March 27, 1970 (age 42) Huntington, New York, United States |
| Genres | R&B, pop, hip hop, soul, dance |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, record producer, actress |
| Years active | 1988–present |
| Labels | Columbia (1990—2000) Virgin (2001) Island (2002—present) |
| Website | mariahcarey.com |
Mariah Carey[1] (born March 27, 1970) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She made her recording debut in 1990 under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola, and released her self-titled debut studio album, Mariah Carey. The album went multi-platinum and spawned four consecutive number one singles, on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to Mottola in 1993, a series of hit records, including Emotions (1991), Music Box (1993) and Merry Christmas (1994), established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. Daydream (1995), made music history when the second single, "One Sweet Day" a duet with Boyz II Men, spent a record sixteen weeks on top of the Billboard Hot 100, and remains the longest running number one song in US chart history. During the recording of the album Carey began to deviate from her pop background, and slowly traversed into R&B and Hip-hop. After her separation from Mottola, this musical change was evident with the release of Butterfly (1997).
Carey left Columbia in 2000, and signed a record-breaking $100 million recording contract with Virgin Records. In 2001, Carey ventured into film with Glitter (2001). Before the film's release she suffered a physical and emotional breakdown and was hospitalized for severe exhaustion. Following the film's poor reception, she was bought out of her recording contract for $50 million, which led to a decline in her career. She signed a multi-million dollar contract deal with Island Records in 2002, and after an unsuccessful period, returned to the top of music charts with The Emancipation of Mimi (2005). Its second single "We Belong Together", which became her most successful single of the 2000's, and was later named "Song of the Decade" by Billboard. Carey once again ventured into film, and starred in Precious (2009). Her role in the film was well-received, and she was awarded the "Breakthrough Performance Award" at the Palm Springs International Film Festival, and a NAACP Image Award nomination.
In a career spanning over two decades, Carey has sold more than 200 million records worldwide, making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. In 1998, she was honored as the world's best-selling recording artist of the 1990s at the World Music Awards. Carey was also named the best-selling female artist of the millennium in 2000. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is the third best-selling female artist in the United States, with 63 million certified albums. With the release of "Touch My Body" (2008), Carey gained her eighteenth number one single in the United States, more than any other solo artist. Aside from her commercial accomplishments, Carey has won five Grammy Awards, and is famed for her five-octave vocal range, power, melismatic style and signature use of the whistle register.
Contents
|
Biography[link]
1970–87: Early life and struggles[link]
Mariah Carey was born in Huntington, New York, on March 27, 1970.[2] The singer's father, Alfred Roy, was of African American and Venezuelan descent, while her mother, Patricia (née Hickey), is an Irish American.[3] Patricia's father had died while she was young; however, she inherited his passion for music.[3] She developed a career as an occasional opera singer and vocal coach, and met Alfred in 1960.[2] As he began earning a living as an aeronautical engineer, the couple wed later that year, and moved into a small suburb in New York.[3] After the pair's elopement, Patricia's family disowned her, due to marrying a man of color. Carey later explained that growing up, she felt a notion of neglect from her maternal family, a mark that affected her greatly: "So later I was like, 'Well, where does this leave me? Am I a bad person?' You know. It's still not that common to be a multi-racial person, but I'm happy with the combination of things that I am."[3] During the interval of years in between Carey's older sister Allison and the singer's birth, the Carey family experienced personal struggles within the community due to their ethnicity.[3] Carey's name was derived from the song "They Call the Wind Mariah", originally from the 1951 Broadway musical Paint Your Wagon.[4][5] When Carey was three years old, her parents divorced due to the increasingly strenuous nature of their marriage.[6]
"It's been difficult for me, moving around so much, having to grow up by myself... my parents divorced. And I always felt kind of different from everybody else in my neighborhoods. I was a different person ethnically. And sometimes, that can be a problem. If you look a certain way, everybody goes 'White girl', and I'd go, 'No, that's not what I am'."
—Carey, on the difficulty of her childhood[7]
After their separation, Allison moved in with her father, while the other two children remained with Patricia.[6] As the years passed, Carey would grow apart from her father, and would later stop seeing him altogether.[6][8] By the age of four, Carey recalled that she had begun to sneak the radio under her covers at night, and just sing from her heart, and try and find peace within the music.[8] During elementary school, she would excel in subjects that she enjoyed, such as literature, art and music, while not finding interest in others.[9] After several years of financial struggling, Patricia earned enough money to move her family into a stable and more affluent sector in New York.[9] Carey had begun writing poems and adding melodies to them, thus starting as a singer-songwriter while attending Harborfields High School in Greenlawn, New York.[10][10] Even from a young age, Carey excelled in her music, and demonstrated usage of the whistle register, though only beginning to master and control it through her training with her mother.[10] Though opening her daughter to the world of classical opera, Patricia never pressured Carey to pursue a career in that type of genre, as she never seemed interested in that world of music.[10] Carey recalled that she kept her singer-songwriter works a secret and noted that Patricia had "never been a pushy mom. She never said, 'Give it more of an operatic feel'. I respect opera like crazy, but it didn't influence me."[10][11]
Towards the end of her high school Carey developed a relationship with Gavin Christopher, with whom she shared musical aspirations. The song-writing duo, however, needed an assistant who could play the keyboard; "We called someone and he couldn't come, so by accident we stumbled upon Ben [Margulies]. Ben came to the studio, and he really couldn't play the keyboards very well - her was really more of a drummer - but after that day, we kept in touch, and we sort of clicked as writers."[11] The two began writing and composing songs in his father's store basement, during Carey's senior year. After composing their first song together, "Here We Go Round Again", which Carey described as having a Motown-vibe, they continued writing material for a full length demo.[12] After Carey's graduation her mother wed once more, which ultimately prompted her to move out from Patricia's apartment, and into a one bedroom studio in Manhattan, which she shared with four other female students.[13][14] During this period, Carey worked several jobs as a waitress, usually getting fired after two week intervals.[15] While requiring work to pay for her rent, Carey's mind and effort still remained with her musical ambitions, as she continued working late into the night with Margulies, in hopes of completing a demo take that could be passed on to record executives.[15] After completing her four song demo tape, Carey tried to pass it to music labels, but was met with failure each time.[16] It was then she was introduced to rising pop singer of Puerto Rican descent, Brenda K. Starr.[16][17]
1988–92: Recording debut and career beginnings[link]
As Carey's friendship with Starr grew, so did her interest in helping Carey succeed in the industry.[18] On a Friday night in November 1987, Carey accompanied Starr to a record executives gala, where she handed her demo tape to Tommy Mottola, head of Columbia Records, who listened to it on his way back home.[18][19] After the first two songs, he became so enamored at the sound and quality of Carey's voice that he turned around returned to the event, only to find that she had left.[19] In what has been widely described by critics as a modern day Cinderella-like tale,[20][21] after searching Carey for two weeks, and eventually contacting her through Starr's management, he immediately signed her and began mapping out her debut into mainstream music.[18] While she maintained that she wanted to continue working with Margulies, Mottola enlisted top producers of the time, including Ric Wake, Narada Michael Walden and Rhett Lawrence.[18] Mottola and the staff at Columbia had planned to market Carey as the main female pop artist on their roster, competing with the likes of Whitney Houston and Madonna, who were signed to Arista and Sire Records respectively.[22] After the completion of the album, titled Mariah Carey, Columbia spent an upward of $1 million to promote it.[23] Though opening with weak sales, the album eventually reached the top of the Billboard 200, after Carey's exposure at the 33rd annual Grammy Awards.[24] Mariah Carey stayed atop the charts for eleven consecutive weeks,[25] and she won the Best New Artist, and Best Female Pop Vocal Performance trophies for her single "Vision of Love".[26] The album yielded an additional three number one singles on the Billboard Hot 100, following the four week number-one run of "Vision of Love". Carey became the first artist since The Jackson 5 to have their first four singles reach number one.[27] Mariah Carey finished as the best-selling album in the United States of 1991,[28] while totaling sales of over 15 million copies.[29]
Only months after the Mariah Carey began its descent on the charts, Carey already began working on her second studio effort, eventually titled Emotions (1991).[30][31] The album, as Carey described it, paid homage to Motown soul music, as she felt the need to pay tribute to the type of music and genre that truly influenced her as a struggling child.[31] For the project, Carey worked with Walter Afanasieff, who only had a small role on her debut, as well as Clivillés and Cole, from the dance group C+C Music Factory.[32] However, Carey's relationship with Margulies deteriorated[31] over a contract Carey had signed prior to her signing with Columbia, agreeing to split not only the songwriting royalties from the songs, but half of her earnings as well.[31] However, when the time came to write music for Emotions, Sony officials made it clear he would only be paid the fair amount given to co-writers on an album.[31] Subsequently, Margulies filed a lawsuit against Sony which ultimately led to their parting of ways.[31] On September 17, 1991, Emotions was released around the world, and was accepted by critics as a more mature album than its predecessor.[33] While praised for Carey's improved songwriting, production and new sound, the album was criticized for its material, which many felt was noticeably weaker than her debut.[34] Though the album managed sales of over eight million copies globally, Emotions failed to reach the commercial and critical heights of its predecessor.[35]
As they had done after the release of her debut, critics once again questioned whether Carey would embark on a world tour, in promotion for her material.[36] Although Carey explained that due to her stage fright, and the general strenuous nature of her songs, a tour sounded very daunting, speculation grew that Carey was a "studio worm", and that she wasn't capable of producing the perfect pitch and 5-octave vocal range for which she was known.[20][37] In hopes of putting any claims of her being a manufactured artist to rest, Carey and Walter Afanasieff decided to book an appearance on MTV Unplugged, a television program aired by MTV.[38] The show's purpose was to present name artists, and feature them "unplugged" or stripped of studio equipment.[38][39] While Carey felt strongly of her more soulful and powerful songs, it was decided that her most popular content to that point would be included.[39] Days prior to the show's taping, Carey and Afanasieff thought of adding a cover version of an older song, in order to provide something different and unexpected.[39] They chose "I'll Be There", a song made popular by The Jackson 5 in 1970, rehearsing it few times before the night of the show. On March 16, 1992, Carey recorded a seven-piece set-list at Kaufman Astoria Studios in Queens, New York.[40] The revue was met with critical acclaim, leading to it being aired over three times as often as an average episode would.[41] The revue's success tempted Sony officials to use it as some form of an album.[42] Sony decided to release it as an EP, selling for a reduced price due to its shorter length.[43] The EP proved to be a success, shunning critics and speculations that Carey was just a studio artist,[43] and was given a triple-Platinum certification by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA),[44] and managed Gold and Platinum certifications in several European markets.[42]
[edit] 1993–96: First marriage, Music Box and Daydream
"The writing partnership that her and I had and I can't speak for her other songwriting partners, but if you could see us in the room I would hit a chord and play a little melody on the piano and she would say, 'Oh, that's nice,' and she would sing that melody and then she adds a little bit to it. I would then play it back and then she would say, 'Yea, that's good' so it instantly becomes this partnership where eventually she'll have a melody and then the melody would prompt her to start thinking about this feeling she wants to put into words. This would eventually become the theme of the song."
—Afanasieff, on his song-writing partnership with Carey.[45]
During early 1993, Carey began working on her third studio album, Music Box.[46] After Emotions failed to achieve the commercial heights of her debut album, Carey and Columbia came to the agreement that the next album would contain a more pop influenced sound, in order to appeal to a wider audience.[46] During Carey's writing sessions, she began working mostly with Afanasieff, with whom she co-wrote and produced most of Music Box.[45] During the album's recording, Carey and Mottola became romantically involved.[47] They wed in a lavish ceremony on June 5, 1993, with several high profile guests including Barbra Streisand, Billy Joel, Gloria Estefan and Ozzy Osbourne.[48] One month later, on August 31, Music Box was released around the world, debuting at number-one on the Billboard 200.[49] The album was met with mixed reception from music critics; while many praised the album's pop influence and strong content, others felt that Carey made less usage of her acclaimed vocal range.[50] Ron Wynn from Allmusic described Carey's different form of singing on the album: "It was wise for Carey to display other elements of her approach, but sometimes excessive spirit is preferable to an absence of passion."[51] The album's second single, "Hero", would eventually come to be one of Carey's most popular and inspirational songs of her career.[52] The song became Carey's eighth chart topper in the United States,[52] and began expanding Carey's popularity throughout Europe. With the release of the album's third single, Carey achieved several career milestones. Her cover of Badfinger's "Without You" became her first number one single in several European countries, including Austria, Germany,[53] the Netherlands, Ireland,[54] Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.[55] Due to the song's success, Music Box spent prolonged periods at number one on the album charts of several countries,[56] and eventually became one of the best-selling albums of all time, with worldwide sales of over 32 million copies.[45] After declining to tour for her past two albums, Carey agreed to embark on a short stateside string of concerts, titled the Music Box Tour.[57] Spanning only six dates across North America,[57] the short but successful tour was a large step for Carey, who dreaded the hassle of touring.[58]
Following Music Box, Carey took a relatively large period of time away from the public eye, and began working on an unknown project throughout 1994.[59] The project was kept very secretive until Billboard announced on their October issue, that Carey would release a holiday album later that year.[59] In late 1994, Carey recorded a duet with Luther Vandross; a cover of Lionel Richie and Diana Ross's "Endless Love".[60] By that point, Columbia felt Carey had already established herself as a pop singer, and vocalist, but wanted to try and feature her as more of an entertainer.[61] Through the release of Merry Christmas, Columbia hoped that audiences would buy Carey's material solely for her name and reputation, and squash fears of her being a typical pop singer.[61] The album was released on November 1, 1994, on the same day that the album's first single, "All I Want for Christmas Is You", was released.[61] The album eventually became the best-selling Christmas album of all time, with global sales reaching over 15 million copies.[62][63][64] Additionally, "All I Want for Christmas Is You" was critically lauded, and is considered "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon."[62] Rolling Stone described it as a "holiday standard", and ranked it fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list.[65] Commercially, it became the best-selling holiday ringtone of all time,[66] and the best-selling single by a non-Asian artist in Japan,[67] selling over 2.1 million units (both ringtone and digital download).[68][69] By the end of the holiday season of 1994, Carey and Afanasieff had already begun writing material for her next studio album, which would be released in the fall of the following year.[70]
Released on October 3, 1995, Daydream combined the pop sensibilities of Music Box with downbeat R&B and hip hop influences.[71] The album's second single, "One Sweet Day" was inspired by the death of Cole, as well as her sister Allison, who had contracted AIDS.[72] The song remained atop the Hot 100 for a record-breaking sixteen weeks, and became the longest running number one song in history.[73] Daydream became her biggest-selling album in the United States,[74] and became her second album to be certified Diamond by the RIAA, following Music Box.[44] The album again was the best-seller by an international artist in Japan, shifting over 2.2 million copies,[75] and eventually reaching global sales of over 25 million units.[29] Critically, the album was heralded as Carey's best to date; The New York Times named it as one of 1995's best albums, and wrote, "best cuts bring R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement [...] Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward and become more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés."[76] Carey once again opted to embark on a short world tour titled Daydream World Tour. It had seven dates, three in Japan and four throughout Europe.[77] When tickets went on sale, Carey set records when all 150,000 tickets for her three shows at Japan's largest stadium, Tokyo Dome sold out in under three hours, breaking the previous record help by The Rolling Stones.[77] Due to the album's success, Carey won two awards at the American Music Awards for her solo efforts: Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist and Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist.[78] Daydream and its singles were respectively nominated in six categories at the 38th Grammy Awards.[79] Carey, along with Boyz II Men, opened the event with a performance of "One Sweet Day".[80] However, Carey did not receive any award, prompting her to comment "What can you do? I will never be disappointed again. After I sat through the whole show and didn't win once, I can handle anything."[80] In 1995, due to Daydream's enormous Japanese sales, Billboard declared Carey the "Overseas Artist of the Year" in Japan.[81]
[edit] 1997–2000: New image and independence, Butterfly and Rainbow
"It was '97 and I was leaving my marriage [to Tommy Mottola], which encompassed my life. I was writing the song 'Butterfly' wishing that that's what he would say to me. There's a part that goes, 'I have learned that beauty/has to flourish in the light/wild horses run unbridled/or their spirit dies/you have given me the courage/to be all that I can/and I truly feel ...[sings] and I truly feel your heart will lead you back to me when you're ready to land.' At that point I really believed that I was going to go back to the marriage – I didn't think I was going to leave forever. But then the things that happened to me during that time caused me to not go back. Had it been, 'Go be yourself, you've been with me since you were a kid, let's separate for a while,' I probably would've."
After the release of Daydream and the success that followed, Carey began focusing on her personal life, which was a constant struggle at the time.[83] Carey's relationship with Mottola began to deteriorate, due to their growing creative differences in terms of her albums, as well as his controlling nature.[83] With each following album, and her continual established fame and popularity, Carey began to take more initiative and control with her music, and started infusing more genres into her work.[84] During mid-1997, Carey was well underway, writing and recording material for her next album, Butterfly (1997).[85] She sought to work with other producers and writers other than Afansieff, such as Sean Combs, Kamaal Fareed, Missy Elliott and Jean Claude Oliver and Samuel Barnes from Trackmasters.[85] During the album's recording, Carey and Mottola separated, with Carey citing is as her way of achieving freedom, and a new lease on life.[86] Aside from the album's different approach, critics took notice of Carey's altered style of singing, which she describe as breathy vocals.[87] Her new-found style of singing was met with mixed reception; some critics felt is was a sign of maturity, that she didn't feel the need to always show off her upper range,[88] while others felt it was a sign of her weakening and waning voice.[89][90] The album's lead single, "Honey", and its accompanying music video, introduced a more overtly sexual image than Carey had ever demonstrated, and furthered reports of her freedom from Mottola.[91] Carey stated that Butterfly marked the point when she attained full creative control over her music.[92] However, she added, "I don't think that it's that much of a departure from what I've done in the past [...] It's not like I went psycho and thought I would be a rapper. Personally, this album is about doing whatever the hell I wanted to do."[91] Growing creative differences with producer Afanasieff continued, and eventually ended their working relationship, after collaborating on most of Carey's material.[93] Reviews for Butterfly were generally positive: Rolling Stone wrote, "It's not as if Carey has totally dispensed with her old saccharine, Houston-style balladry [...] but the predominant mood of 'Butterfly' is one of coolly erotic reverie. [... Except "Outside" the album sounds] very 1997. [...] Carey has spread her wings and she's ready to fly",[94] Allmusic editor, Stephen Thomas Erlewine described Carey's vocals as "sultrier and more controlled than ever", and heralded Butterfly as her "best record and illustrates that Carey continues to improve and refine her music, which makes her a rarity among her '90s peers."[95] The album was a commercial success, although not to the degree of her previous three albums.[93]
Toward the turn of the millennium, Carey began developing other projects, many of which she wasn't able to during her marriage.[96] On April 14, 1998, Carey partook in the VH1 Divas benefit concert, where she sang alongside Aretha Franklin, Celine Dion, Shania Twain, Gloria Estefan and Carole King.[97] Carey had begun developing a film project All That Glitters, later re-titled to simply Glitter,[98] and intended her songwriting to other projects, such as Men in Black (1997) and How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000).[96] After Glitter fell into developmental hell, Carey postponed the project, and began writing material for a new album.[96] The executives at Sony Music, the parent company of Carey's label Columbia, wanted her to prepare a greatest hits collection in time for the commercially favorable holiday season.[99] However, they disagreed as to what content and singles should constitute the album.[100] Sony wanted to release an album that featured her number one singles in the United States, and her international chart toppers on the European versions, void of any new material, while Carey felt that a compilation album should reflect on her most personal songs, not just her most commercial.[100] She felt that not including any new material would result in cheating her fans, therefore including four new songs that she had recorded.[100] While compromised, Carey often expressed distaste towards the album's song selection, expressing her disappointment in the omission of her "favorite songs".[101] The album titled, #1's (1998), featured a duet with Whitney Houston, "When You Believe", and was included on the soundtrack for The Prince of Egypt (1998).[100] During the development of All That Glitters, Carey had been introduced to DreamWorks producer Jeffrey Katzenberg, who asked her if she would record the song "When You Believe" for the soundtrack to the animated film The Prince of Egypt.[102] In an interview with Ebony, Houston described working with Carey, as well as their growing friendship: "Mariah and I got along very great. We had never talked and never sang together before. We just had a chance for camaraderie, singer-to-singer, artist-to-artist, that kind of thing. We just laughed and talked and laughed and talked and sang in between that ... It's good to know that two ladies of soul and music can still be friends."[103] #1's became a phenomenon in Japan, selling over one million copies in its opening week, and placing as the only international artist to accomplish this feat.[104] When describing Carey's popularity in Japan throughout the 1990s, author Chris Nickson compared it to Beatlemania in the 1960s.[77] The album sold over 3.25 million copies in Japan after only the first three months, and holds the record as the best-selling album by a non-Asian artist,[104] while amassing global sales of over 17 million copies.[105]
During the spring of 1999, Carey began working on the final album of her record contract with Sony, her ex-husband's label.[106] During this time, Carey's strained relationship with Sony affected her work with writing partner Afanasieff, who had worked extensively with Carey throughout the first half of her career.[106] She felt Mottola was trying to separate her from Afanasieff, in hopes of keeping their relationship permanently strained.[107] Due to the pressure and the awkward relationship Carey had now developed with Sony, she completed the album in a period of three months in the summer of 1999, quicker than any of her other albums.[48] The album, titled Rainbow (1999), found Carey once again working with a new array of music producers and songwriters, such as Jay-Z and DJ Clue.[108] Carey also wrote two ballads with David Foster and Diane Warren, whom she seemingly used to replace Afanasieff.[108] Rainbow was released on November 2, 1999, to the highest first week sales of her career at the time, however debuting at number two on the Billboard 200.[109] Throughout early-2000, Carey's troubled relationship with Columbia grew, as they halted promotion after the album's first two singles.[109] They felt Rainbow didn't have any strong single to be released, whereas Carey wanted a ballad regarding personal and inner strength released.[109] The difference in opinion led to a very public feud, as Carey began posting messages on her webpage in early and mid-2000, telling fans inside information on the dispute, as well as instructing them to request "Can't Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)" on radio stations.[110] One of the messages Carey left on her page read: "Basically, a lot of you know the political situation in my professional career is not positive. It's been really, really hard. I don't even know if this message is going to get to you because I don't know if they want you to hear this. I'm getting a lot of negative feedback from certain corporate people. But I am not willing to give up."[111] Fearing to lose their label's highest seller, Sony chose to release the song.[111] Carey, initially content with the agreement, soon found out that the song had only been given a very limited and low-promotion release, which made charting extremely difficult and unlikely.[111] Critical reception of Rainbow was generally enthusiastic, with the Sunday Herald saying that the album "sees her impressively tottering between soul ballads and collaborations with R&B heavyweights like Snoop Doggy Dogg and Usher [...] It's a polished collection of pop-soul."[112] Vibe magazine expressed similar sentiments, writing, "She pulls out all stops [...] Rainbow will garner even more adoration".[113] Though a commercial success, Rainbow became Carey's lowest selling album to that point in her career.[92]
[edit] 2001–04: Glitter, Charmbracelet; personal and professional struggles
After she received Billboard's Artist of the Decade Award and the World Music Award for Best-Selling Female Artist of the Millennium,[114] Carey parted from Columbia and signed a record-breaking $100 million five-album recording contract with Virgin Records (EMI Records), Carey was given full conceptual and creative control over the project.[115] She opted to record an album partly mixed with 1980s influenced disco and other similar genres, in order to go hand-in-hand with the film's setting.[116] She often stated that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Just a few months later, in July 2001, it was widely reported that Carey had suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She had left messages on her website that complained of being overworked,[117] and her relationship with the Latin icon Luis Miguel ended.[118] In an interview the following year, she said, "I was with people who didn't really know me and I had no personal assistant. I'd do interviews all day long and get two hours of sleep a night, if that."[119] Due to the pressure from the media, her heavy work schedule and the split from Miguel, Carey began posting a series of disturbing messages on her official website, and displayed erratic behavior on several live promotional outings.[120] On July 19, 2001, Carey made a surprise appearance on the MTV program Total Request Live (TRL).[121] As the show's host Carson Daly began taping following a commercial break, Carey came out pushing an ice cream cart while wearing a large men's shirt, and began a striptease, in which she shed her shirt to reveal a tight yellow and green ensemble.[121] While she later revealed that Daly was aware of her presence in the building prior to her appearance, Carey's appearance on TRL garnered strong media attention.[120] Only days later, Carey began posting irregular voice notes and messages on her official website: "I'm trying to understand things in life right now and so I really don't feel that I should be doing music right now. What I'd like to do is just a take a little break or at least get one night of sleep without someone popping up about a video. All I really want is [to] just be me and that's what I should have done in the first place ... I don't say this much but guess what, I don't take care of myself."[121] Following the quick removal of the messages, Berger commented that Carey had been "obviously exhausted and not thinking clearly" when she posted the letters.[122]
On July 26, she was suddenly hospitalized, citing "extreme exhaustion" and a "physical and emotional breakdown".[123] Carey was inducted at an un-disclosed hospital in Connecticut, and remained hospitalized and under doctor's care for two weeks, followed by an extended absence from the public.[123] Following the heavy media coverage surrounding Carey's publicized breakdown and hospitalization, Virgin Records and 20th Century Fox delayed the release of both Glitter, as well as its soundtrack of the same name.[124] Consequently, critics suggested that in delaying Glitter, hype for the project would have largely subsided, and would possibly hurt both ticket and album sales.[125] When discussing the project's weak commercial reaction, Carey blamed both her frame of mind during the time of its release, its postponement, as well as the soundtrack having been released on September 11.[126] Critics panned Glitter, as well as its accompanying soundtrack; both were unsuccessful commercially.[127] The accompanying soundtrack album, Glitter, became Carey's lowest-selling album to that point. The St. Louis Post-Dispatch dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on a career that, while not always critically heralded, was at least nearly consistently successful."[128] Following the negative cloud that was ensuing Carey's personal life at the time, as well as the project's poor reception, her unprecedented $100 million five-album record deal with Virgin Records (EMI Records) was bought out for $50 million.[115][129] Soon after, Carey flew to Capri, Italy for a period of five months, in which she began writing material for her new album, stemming from all the personal experiences she had endured throughout the past year.[120] Carey later said that her time at Virgin was "a complete and total stress-fest [...] I made a total snap decision which was based on money and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from that."[130] Later that year, she signed a contract with Island Records, valued at more than $24 million,[131] and launched the record label MonarC. To add further to Carey's emotional burdens, her father, with whom she had little contact since childhood, died of cancer that year.[132]
In 2002, Carey was cast in the independent film, WiseGirls, alongside Mira Sorvino and Melora Walters, who co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant. It premiered at the Sundance Film Festival, and received generally negative critical response, though Carey's portrayal of the character was praised; Roger Friedman of Fox News referred to her as "a Thelma Ritter for the new millennium", and wrote, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right laughs".[133] Later that year, Carey performed the American national anthem to rave reviews at the Super Bowl XXXVI at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana.[134] Towards the end of 2002, Carey released her next studio album Charmbracelet, which she said marked "a new lease on life" for her.[119] Though released in the wake of Glitter and Carey's return to the music scene, sales of Charmbracelet were moderate and the quality of Carey's vocals came under criticism. Joan Anderson from The Boston Globe declared the album "the worst of her career, and revealed a voice [that is] no longer capable of either gravity-defying gymnastics or soft coos",[135] while Allmusic editor Stephen Thomas Erlewine expressed similar sentiments and wrote, "What is a greater problem is that Mariah's voice is shot, sounding in tatters throughout the record. She can no longer coo or softly croon nor can she perform her trademark gravity-defying vocal runs."[136] In an attempt to "relaunch" her career following the poor reception to Glitter, as well as her breakdown, Carey announced a world tour in April 2003.[137] Lasting over eight months, the Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey, became her most extensive tour to date, spanning sixty-nine shows around the world.[138] Throughout the United States, the shows were done in smaller theaters, and something more Broadway-influenced, "It's much more intimate so you'll feel like you had an experience. You experience a night with me."[137] However, while smaller productions were booked throughout the tour's stateside leg, Carey performed at stadiums in Asia and Europe, performing for a crowd of over 35,000 in Manila, 50,000 in Malaysia, and to over 70,000 people in China.[139] In the United Kingdom, it became Carey's first tour to feature shows outside of London, booking arena stops in Glasgow, Birmingham and Manchester.[140] Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey garnered generally positive reviews from music critics and concert goers, with many complimenting the quality of Carey's live vocals, as well as the production as a whole.[141]
[edit] 2005–07: Return to prominence with The Emancipation of Mimi
Throughout 2004, Carey focused on composing material for her tenth studio album, The Emancipation of Mimi (2005). The album found Carey working predominantly with Jermaine Dupri, as well as Bryan-Michael Cox, Manuel Seal, The Neptunes, Kanye West and Carey's longtime collaborator, Jermaine Dupri.[142] The album debuted atop the charts in several countries, and was warmly accepted by critics. Caroline Sullivan of The Guardian defined it as "cool, focused and urban [... some of] the first Mariah Carey tunes in years which I wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again",[143] while USA Today's Elysa Gardner wrote, "The ballads and midtempo numbers that truly reflect the renewed confidence of a songbird who has taken her shots and kept on flying."[144] The album's second single, "We Belong Together", became a "career re-defining"[145] song for Carey, at a point when many critics had considered her career over.[146] music critics heralded the song as her "return to form",[147] as well as the "return of The Voice",[147] while many felt it would revive "faith" in Carey's potential as a balladeer.[142] "We Belong Together" broke several records in the United States and became Carey's sixteenth chart topper on the Billboard Hot 100.[148] After staying at number one for fourteen non-consecutive weeks, the song became the second longest running number one song in US chart history, behind Carey's 1996 collaboration with Boyz II Men, "One Sweet Day".[148] Billboard listed it as the "song of the decade" and the ninth most popular song of all time.[149] Besides its chart success, the song broke several airplay records, and according to Nielsen BDS, gathered both the largest one-day and one-week audiences in history.[150]
During the week of September 25, 2005, Carey set another record, becoming the first female to occupy the first two spots atop the Hot 100, as "We Belong Together" remained at number one, and her next single, "Shake It Off" moved into the number two spot.[148] (Ashanti had topped the chart in 2002 while being a "featured" signer on the #2 single.) On the Billboard Hot 100 Year-end Chart of 2005, the song was declared the number one song, a career first for Carey.[151] Billboard listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs and was declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by Billboard.[152] The album earned ten Grammy Award nominations in 2006–07: eight in 2006 for the original release (the most received by Carey in a single year),[153] and two in 2007 for the Ultra Platinum Edition. In 2006 Carey won Best Contemporary R&B Album for The Emancipation of Mimi, as well as Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and Best R&B Song for "We Belong Together".[153] The Emancipation of Mimi was the best-selling album in the United States in 2005, with nearly five million units sold. It was the first album by a solo female artist to become the year's best-selling album since Alanis Morissette's Jagged Little Pill in 1996.[154] At the end of 2005, the IFPI reported that The Emancipation of Mimi had sold more than 7.7 million copies globally, and was the second best-selling album of the year after Coldplay's X&Y. It was the best-selling album worldwide by a solo and female artist.[155][156][157] To date, The Emancipation of Mimi has sold over 12 million copies worldwide.[158] At the 48th Grammy Awards, Carey performed a medley of "We Belong Together" and "Fly Like a Bird".[159] The performance earned the night's only standing ovation, prompting Teri Hatcher, who was presenting the next award, to exclaim, "It's like we've all just been saved!"[159]
In support of the album, Carey embarked on her first headlining tour in three years, named The Adventures of Mimi: The Voice, The Hits, The Tour after a "Carey-centric fan's" music diary.[160] The tour spanned forty stops, with thirty-two in the United States and Canada, two in Africa, and six in Japan.[161] Tickets for the tour went on sale on June 2, 2006, with prices ranging from $95 to $150 USD, and featured Carey's long-time friend Randy Jackson as the tour's musical director.[162][163] Carey's performances consisted of old songs from her catalog as well as her newest singles.[164] The tour received warm critical reaction from music critics and concert goers, many of which celebrated the quality of Carey's live vocals, as well as the show as a whole.[165][166] However, critics felt the show's excesses, such as Carey's often costume changes and pre-filmed clips, were unnecessary distractions.[165] The tour proved successful, with Carey playing to over 60,000 fans in the two stop in Tunis alone.[167] Midway through the tour, Carey booked a two-night concert engagement in Hong Kong, which was scheduled to take place following her Japanese shows.[168] The shows were cancelled, however, after tickets went on sale. According to Carey's then-manager Benny Medina, the cancellation was due to the concert promoter's refusal to pay Carey her agreed-upon compensation.[168] The promoter instead blamed poor ticket sales (allegedly, only 4,000 tickets had sold) and "Carey's outrageous demands".[169] Carey ultimately sued the promoter, claiming $1 million in damages due to the concert's abrupt cancellation.[170]
[edit] 2007–09: E=MC², second marriage, Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel and acting breakthrough
By spring 2007, Carey had begun to work on her eleventh studio album, E=MC², in a private villa in Anguilla.[171] When asked regarding the album title's meaning, Carey said "Einstein's theory? Physics? Me? Hello! ...Of course I'm poking fun."[172] She characterized it as "Emancipation of Mimi to the second power", and said that she was "freer" on this album than any other.[172] Although E=MC² was well received by most critics,[173] some of them criticized it for being very similar to the formula used on The Emancipation of Mimi.[174] Two weeks before the album's release, "Touch My Body", the record's lead single reached the top position on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming Carey's eighteenth number one and making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history, pushing her past Elvis Presley into second place according to the magazine's revised methodology.[175] Carey is now second only to The Beatles, who have twenty number-one singles. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the most weeks at number one in the Billboard chart history."[176] Carey has also had notable success on international charts, though not to the same degree as in the United States. Thus far, she has had two #1 singles in Britain, two in Australia, and six in Canada. Her highest-charting single in Japan peaked at number two.
E=MC² debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 463,000 copies sold, the biggest opening week sales of her career.[177] With six number one albums, Carey is now tied with Britney Spears and Janet Jackson in the United States for the third most number one albums for a female artist, behind Madonna with seven and Barbra Streisand's nine chart toppers.[35] In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked her at number six on the "Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists", making Carey the second most successful female artist in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[178] Carey and actor/comedian Nick Cannon met while they shot her music video for her second single, "Bye Bye", on an island off the coast of Antigua.[179] On April 30, 2008, Carey married Cannon at her private estate on Windermere Island in The Bahamas.[180][181] Carey had a cameo appearance in Adam Sandler's 2008 film You Don't Mess with the Zohan, playing herself.[182] On January 20, 2009, Carey performed "Hero" at the Neighborhood Inaugural Ball after Barack Obama was sworn as America's first African-American president.[183] On July 7, 2009, Carey – alongside Trey Lorenz – performed her version of The Jackson 5 song "I'll Be There" at the memorial service for Michael Jackson.[184] At the sight of Jackson's casket, Carey's voice, overwhelmed with emotion, cracked in the opening line of the song.[185] She later apologized on The Today Show, explaining how she did her best effort despite the circumstances.[185]
In 2009, she appeared as a social worker in Precious, the movie adaptation of the 1996 novel Push by Sapphire. The film garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, as has Carey's performance.[186] Variety described her acting as "pitch-perfect".[187] Precious won awards at both the Sundance Film Festival and the Toronto Film Festival, receiving top honors there.[188][189] In January 2010, Carey won the Breakthrough Actress Performance Award for her role in Precious at the Palm Springs International Film Festival.[190] September 25, 2009, Carey's twelfth studio album, Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel, was released. Reception for the album was generally positive, but mixed in certain aspects; Stephen Thomas Erlewine of Allmusic called it "her most interesting album in a decade",[191] while Jon Caramanica from The New York Times criticized Carey's vocal performances, decrying her overuse of her softer vocal registers at the expense of her more powerful lower and upper registers.[192] Commercially, the album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200, and became the lowest-selling studio album of her career.[193] The album's lead single, "Obsessed", became her 40th entry on the Billboard Hot 100 and her highest debut on the chart since "My All" in 1998.[194] The song debuted at number eleven and peaked at number seven on the chart, and became Carey's 27th US top-ten hit, tying her with Elton John and Janet Jackson as the fifth most top-ten hits.[194] Within hours after the song's release, various outlets speculated that its target was rapper Eminem, in response to his song "Bagpipes from Baghdad", in which he taunted Carey's husband, Nick Cannon.[195] According to MTV, Carey alludes to drug problems in "Obsessed", which Eminem opened up about on his sixth studio album, Relapse.[196] The album's follow-up single, a cover of Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is", failed to achieve any significant chart success in the United States, or much throughout Europe, but managed to break airplay records in Brazil. The song spent 27 weeks atop the Brasil Hot 100 Airplay, making it the longest running song in the chart's history.[197] On December 31, 2009, Carey embarked her seventh concert tour, Angels Advocate Tour, which visited the United States and Canada.[198] Though stateside, the tour spanned few international dates, such as in Brazil and Singapore, where Carey played to over 100,000 spectators.[199] On January 30, 2010, it was announced that Carey would release a remix album of Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel; titled Angels Advocate (an R&B remix album featuring a collection of newly remixed duets with some of Carey's favorite artists).[200] The album was slated for a March 30, 2010 release, but was eventually cancelled.[201]
[edit] 2010–present: Merry Christmas II You, motherhood and fourteenth studio album
Following the cancellation of the Angels Advocate, it was announced that Carey would return to the studio to start work on her thirteenth studio album.[202] It was later revealed that it would be her second Christmas album, the follow-up to Merry Christmas (1994), which became the best-selling Holiday album of all time.[63] Long time collaborators for the project include Jermaine Dupri, Johntá Austin, Bryan-Michael Cox and Randy Jackson, as well as new collaborators such as Marc Shaiman.[203] Dupri stated that a single would be released alongside the album before the year's end.[203] During a press conference in Seoul, South Korea, in August 2010, Island Def Jam executive Matt Voss announced that the album would be out on November 2, 2010.[204] and would include six new songs and a remix of her classic hit "All I Want for Christmas Is You".[205] The album, titled Merry Christmas II You, was released alongside an accompanying DVD, and was sent to retailers on November 2, 2010.[206] Merry Christmas II You debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 with sales of 56,000 copies, surpassing the opening week sales of Carey's previous holiday album of 45,000 copies 16 years prior.[207] It also became Carey's 16th top ten album in the United States.[207] The album debuted at number one on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top this chart.[208]
In May 2010, Carey dropped out of her planned appearance in For Colored Girls, the film adaptation of the play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf, citing medical reasons.[209] After much media speculation, Carey confirmed on October 28, 2010, that she and Cannon were expecting their first child.[210] Carey also revealed that she had been pregnant shortly after her wedding with Cannon, but she miscarried.[211] On April 30, 2011, the couple's third wedding anniversary, Carey gave birth to fraternal twins via C-section.[212] The twins were named Monroe, after Marilyn Monroe, and Moroccan Scott, after Cannon proposed to Carey in her Moroccan-style room; Scott is Cannon's middle name and his grandmother's maiden name.[213] On February 11, 2011, Carey announced on HSN, that she recorded a duet with Tony Bennett for his upcoming "Duets" album, titled "When Do The Bells Ring For Me".[214] Following the birth of their children, Cannon revealed during an interview with Billboard that Carey had already begun working on a new record.[215] Cannon said "She's been working away, and we have a studio in the crib, and [the pregnancy] has totally inspired her on so many different levels. You're definitely gonna see some new phenomenal music from Mariah" and assured Carey would plan on releasing it by the end of the year.[216] In October 2011, Carey announced that she re-recorded her song "All I Want for Christmas Is You" with Justin Bieber as a duet for his Christmas album, Under the Mistletoe.[217][218] On November 5, 2011, Carey and Bieber filmed a music video for the duet at the Macy's in New York City.[219] On October 21, 2011, a pre-taped interview with Barbara Walters aired on ABC's 20/20, during the interview Carey and Cannon allowed the cameras to photograph/film twins Moroccan and Monroe for the first time ever.[220] In November 2011, Carey was included in the remix to the mixtape single "Warning" by Uncle Murda, the remix also features 50 Cent and Young Jeezy.[221] That same month, Carey announced that she and John Legend collaborated on a duet, "When Christmas Comes", which was originally part of Carey's 2010 holiday album Merry Christmas II You.[222] On March 1, 2012, Carey took the stage at New York City's Gotham Hall for a show, where only 50 tickets were made available to the public, as part of the Plot Your Escape concert series.[223] The 40-minute set included many of Carey's hits such as "Always Be My Baby", "Hero", "Obsessed", "We Belong Together", and a cover of Michael Jackson's "I'll Be There".[224]
Artistry[link]
Musical style[link]
Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as racism, social alienation, death, world hunger, and spirituality. She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but Time magazine wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and artificial—NutraSweet soul. But her life has passion and conflict," applying it to the first stages of her career. He commented that as her album's progressed, so too her songwriting and music blossomed into more mature and meaningful material.[225] Jim Faber of the New York Daily News, made similar comments, "For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening."[226] While reviewing Music Box, Stephen Holden from Rolling Stone commented that Carey sang with "sustained passion", while Entertainment Weekly's Arion Berger wrote that during some vocal moments, Carey becomes "too overwhelmed to put her passion into words."[227] In 2001, The Village Voice wrote in regards to what they considered Carey's "centerless ballads", writing, "Carey's Strawberry Shortcake soul still provides the template with which teen-pop cuties draw curlicues around those centerless [Diane] Warren ballads [...] it's largely because of [Blige] that the new R&B demands a greater range of emotional expression, smarter poetry, more from-the-gut testifying, and less unnecessary notes than the squeaky-clean and just plain squeaky Mariah era. Nowadays it's the Christina Aguileras and Jessica Simpsons who awkwardly oversing, while the women with roof-raising lung power keep it in check when tune or lyric demands."[228]
Carey's output makes use of electronic instruments such as drum machines,[142] keyboards and synthesizers.[229] Many of her songs contain piano-driven melodies,[230] as she was given piano lessons when she was six years old.[6] Carey said that she cannot read sheet music and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to experiment with faster and less conventional melodies and chord progressions using this technique.[6] While Carey learned to play the piano at a young age, and incorporates several ranges of production and instrumentation into her music, she has maintained that her voice has always been her most important asset: "My voice is my instrument; it always has been."[93] Carey began commissioning remixes of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of recording entirely new vocals for remixes.[231] Disc jockey David Morales has collaborated with Carey on several occasions, starting with "Dreamlover" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing R&B songs into house records, and which Slant magazine named one of the greatest dance songs of all time.[232] From "Fantasy" (1995) onward, Carey enlisted both hip-hop and house producers to re-structure her album compositions.[80] Entertainment Weekly included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005: a National Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a Sean Combs production featuring rapper Ol' Dirty Bastard.[233] The latter has been credited with popularizing the R&B/hip-hop collaboration trend that has continued into the 2000s, through artists such as Ashanti and Beyoncé.[231] Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with something with you".[234]
Voice and timbre[link]
"I have nodules on my vocal cords. My mother says I've had them since I was a kid. That's why I have the high register and the belting register and I can still be husky. A lot of people couldn't sing through the nodules the way I do; I've learned to sing through my vocal cords. The only thing that really affects my voice is sleep. Sometimes if I'm exhausted, I can't hit the really high notes. My doctors showed me my vocal cords and why I can hit those high notes. It's a certain part of the cord that not many people use—the very top. My natural voice is low. I have a raspy voice. I'm really more of an alto. But my airy voice can be high if I'm rested. [...] When I was little, I'd talk in this really high whisper, and my mom would be like, 'You're being ridiculous'. I thought if I can talk like that I can sing like that. So I started [she goes higher and higher and higher] just messing around with it. I'd practice and practice, and she'd be like, "You're gonna hurt yourself." I'd tell her, It doesn't hurt. If I were to try and belt two octaves lower than that, that would be a strain."
Mariah Carey possesses a five-octave vocal range,[236][237][238] and has the ability to reach notes beyond the 7th octave.[239][240] She was ranked first in a 2003 MTV and Blender magazine countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, as voted by fans and readers in an online poll. Carey said of the poll, "What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that way about myself."[241] She also placed second in Cove magazine's list of "The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists".[242]
Regarding her voice type, Carey said that she is an alto. However, within contemporary forms of music, singers are classified by the style of music they sing. There is currently no authoritative voice classification system within non-classical music.[243] Attempts have been made to adopt classical voice type terms to other forms of singing, but they are controversial,[243] because the development of classic voice categorizations were made with the understanding that the singer would amplify his or her voice with their natural resonators, without a microphone.[244]
Jon Pareles of The New York Times describes Carey's lower register as a "rich, husky alto" that extends to "dog-whistle high notes"[245]. Carey also possesses a "whisper register". In an interview with the singer, Ron Givens of Entertainment Weekly described it this way, "In one brief swoop, she seems to squeal and roar at the same time: whisper register."[246] Additionally, towards the late 1990s, Carey began incorporating breathy vocals into her material, usually beginning the song and then building up to a "full throated" climax.[247] Tim Levell from the BBC News described her vocals as "sultry close-to-the-mic breathiness",[247] while USA Today's Elysa Gardner wrote "it's impossible to deny the impact her vocal style, a florid blend of breathy riffing and resonant belting, has had on today's young pop and R&B stars."[248]
Her sense of pitch is admired[245] and Jon Pareles adds "she can linger over sensual turns, growl with playful confidence, syncopate like a scat singer... with startlingly exact pitch."[245]
Influences[link]
Carey has said that from childhood she has been influenced by R&B and soul musicians such as Billie Holiday and Sarah Vaughan.[249] Her music contains strong influences of gospel music, and she credits The Clark Sisters, Shirley Caesar and Edwin Hawkins as the most influential in her early years.[249] When Carey incorporated hip-hop into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told Newsweek, "People just don't understand. I grew up with this music".[250] She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as The Sugarhill Gang, Eric B. & Rakim, the Wu-Tang Clan, The Notorious B.I.G. and Mobb Deep, with whom she collaborated on the single "The Roof (Back in Time)" (1998).[101] Carey was heavily influenced by Minnie Riperton, and began experimenting with the whistle register due to her original practice of the range.[101]
During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to Whitney Houston, who she has also cited as an influence,[251] and Celine Dion. Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails [...] virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature MOR torch song".[252] Author and writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of Barbra Streisand's "old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and overblown to perfection".[252] Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was "schmaltzy MOR".[252] Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey co-writes her own songs, and the Guinness Rockopedia (1998) classified her as the "songbird supreme".[253]
Legacy[link]
Carey's vocal style and singing ability have significantly impacted popular and contemporary music. As music critic G. Brown from The Denver Post wrote, "For better or worse, Mariah Carey's five-octave range and melismatic style have influenced a generation of pop singers."[254] According to Rolling Stone, "Her mastery of melisma, the fluttering strings of notes that decorate songs like "Vision of Love", inspired the entire American Idol vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female R&B singer since the Nineties."[255] Jody Rosen of Slate Magazine wrote of Carey's influence in modern music, calling her the most influential vocal stylist of the last two decades, the person who made rococo melismatic singing.[256] Rosen further exemplified Carey's influence by drawing parallel with American Idol, which to her, "often played out as a clash of melisma-mad Mariah wannabes. And, today, nearly 20 years after Carey's debut, major labels continue to bet the farm on young stars such as the winner of Britain's X Factor show, Leona Lewis, with her Generation Next gloss on Mariah's big voice and big hair."[256] Sean Daly of St. Petersburg Times wrote, "Depending on how you feel about public humiliation, the best/worst parts of American Idol are the audition shows, which normally break down into three distinct parts:(1) The Talented Kids.(2) The Weird Kids.(3) The Mariahs." Daly further commented, "The Mariahs are the hardest ones to watch, mainly because most of them think they're reeeaaally good. The poor, disillusioned hopefuls plant themselves in front of judges Simon Cowell, Paula Abdul and Randy Jackson – then proceed to stretch, break and mutilate every note of a song, often Mariah's Hero, a tune that has ruined more throats than smoker's cough."[257] New York Magazine's editor Roger Deckker said that in regarding Carey as an influential artist in music, he commented that "Whitney Houston may have introduced melisma (the vocally acrobatic style of lending a word an extra syllable or twenty) to the charts, but it was Mariah—with her jaw-dropping range—who made it into America's default sound."[258] Deckker also added that "Every time you turn on American Idol, you are watching her children".[258] Despite her vocal prowess, Carey's vocal technique particularly with the use of melisma and belting, has been subject to public scrutiny mainly because of young singers such as from talent shows have been overly imitating her singing technique in which critics commented "Mariah Carey is, without a doubt, the worst thing to happen to amateur singing since the karaoke machine".[257] As Professor Katherine L. Meizel noted in her book, The Mediation of Identity Politics in American Idol, "Carey's influence not just stops in the emulation of melisma or her singing amongst the wannabe's, it's also her persona, her diva, her stardom which inspires them.... a pre-fame conic look."[259]
The problem, however, is that for all her talent, the 36-year-old is first and foremost a STAR, the very epitome of pop opulence in today's celebrity-dependent culture. And thus, millions of young women and men wake up every morning and figure that, simply by imitating Carey's vocal derring-do, they too can wind up on the cover of People or on MTV Cribs or on the arm of record mogul Tommy Mottola.
—Sean Daly from St. Petersburg Times commenting on Carey's popularity and influence on aspiring singers and on worldwide talent shows.[260]
Carey's influence is notable in numerous hip hop, pop and R&B artists, including Beyoncé,[62] Christina Aguilera,[261] Jessica Simpson,[248] Rihanna,[262] Kelly Clarkson,[263] Nelly Furtado,[264] Leona Lewis,[265] Brandy Norwood,[255] Pink,[266] Mary J. Blige,[267] and Missy Elliott, among others.[62] Knowles credits Carey's singing and her song "Vision of Love" as influencing her to begin practicing vocal "runs" as a child, as well as helping her pursue a career as a musician.[62] Rihanna has stated that Carey is one of her major influences and idol.[262] Christina Aguilera has cited in her early stages of her career that Carey is a big influence in her singing career and being one of her idols.[261] According to Pier Dominguez, author of Christina Aguilera: a star is made : the unauthorized biography, Aguilera has stated how she loved listening to Whitney Houston, but it was Carey who had the biggest influence on her vocal styling. Carey's carefully choreographed image of a grown woman struck a chord on Aguilera. Her influence on Aguilera also grew from the fact that both were of mixed heritage.[268] Philip Brasor, editor of The Japan Times, expressed how Carey's vocal and melismatic style even influenced Asian singers. He wrote regarding Japanese superstar Utada Hikaru, "Utada sang what she heard, from the diaphragm and with her own take on the kind of melisma that became de rigueur in American pop after the ascendance of Mariah Carey."[269] In an article called "Out With Mariah's Melisma, In With Kesha's Kick", writer David Browne of The New York Times discusses how the ubiquitous melisma pop style has suddenly fallen down from pop culture in favor of young stars who uses the now ubiquitous autotune in which the first mentioned was heavily popularized into mainstream pop culture with the likes of Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston.[270] Browne had commented "But beginning two decades ago, melisma overtook pop in a way it hadn't before. Mariah Carey's debut hit from 1990, "Vision of Love," followed two years later by Whitney Houston's version of "I Will Always Love You," set the bar insanely high for notes stretched louder, longer and knottier than most pop fans had ever heard."[270] Browne further added "A subsequent generation of singers, including Ms. Aguilera, Jennifer Hudson and Beyoncé, built their careers around melisma. (Men like Brian McKnight and Tyrese also indulged in it, but women tended to dominate the form.)"[270]
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Carey's usage of Melisma throughout the song was credited with inspiring several vocalists and performers throughout the turn or the century, and is considered to have brought the usage of the vocal technique to modern day singers and talent competitions around the world to date.
Since its release in 1994, the song has re-entered the charts around the world, and is the best-selling holiday ringtone and song in the United States. Additionally, it was listed as the number one Christmas standard in the United Kingdom, while being branded the "last addition to the holiday collection of classics." The song has been covered by several artists, attesting to its continued popularity.[271][272]
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Carey is also credited for introducing R&B and hip hop into mainstream pop culture, and for popularizing rap as a featuring act through her post-1995 songs.[62] Sasha Frere-Jones, editor of The New Yorker commented, "It became standard for R&B/hip-hop stars like Missy Elliott and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses. And young white pop stars—including Britney Spears, Jessica Simpson, Christina Aguilera, and 'N Sync—have spent much of the past ten years making pop music that is unmistakably R&B."[62] Moreover Jones concludes that "[Carey's] idea of pairing a female songbird with the leading male MCs of hip-hop changed R&B and, eventually, all of pop. Although now anyone is free to use this idea, the success of "The Emancipation of Mimi" suggests that it still belongs to Carey."[62] Judnick Mayard, writer of The Fader, wrote that in regarding of R&B and hip hop collaboration, "The champion of this movement is Mariah Carey."[273] Mayard also expressed that "To this day ODB and Mariah may still be the best and most random hip hop collaboration of all time", citing that due to the record "Fantasy", "R&B and Hip Hop were the best of step siblings."[273] Kelfa Sanneh of The New York Times wrote, "In the mid-1990s Ms. Carey pioneered a subgenre that some people call the thug-love duet. Nowadays clean-cut pop stars are expected to collaborate with roughneck rappers, but when Ms. Carey teamed up with Ol' Dirty Bastard, of the Wu-Tang Clan, for the 1995 hit "Fantasy (Remix)", it was a surprise, and a smash."[274] Aside from her pop culture and musical influence, Carey is credited for releasing a classic Christmas song called "All I Want For Christmas Is You".[272] In a retrospective look at Carey's career, Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker said, the "charming" song was one of Carey's biggest accomplishments, calling it "one of the few worthy modern additions to the holiday canon".[62] Rolling Stone ranked "All I Want for Christmas Is You" fourth on its Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs list, calling it a "holiday standard."[275] Following the release of her Greatest Hits album, Devon Powers of Popmatters has said in his review that "She has influenced countless female vocalists after her. At 32, she is already a living legend—even if she never sings another note."[276] Carey's business ventures include the launch of her perfumes, her clothing line, and books.[277] She has portrayed the true nature of being a superstar, according to sociologist Naomi Hirahara, and is a classic example of the word "diva". Carey is never seen without her large entourage, whether it be award shows, performances or as guests on late night specials. Hirahara says, "her demands are sporadic, her looks are glamorous, she is hardly of her age, but she is still ruling. Nowadays people emulate the idea of being a diva, but Carey was the original one in true sense of the term."[277]
Honors and awards[link]
See also: List of awards received by Mariah Carey
Throughout Carey's career, she has collected many honors and awards, including the World Music Awards' Best Selling Female Artist of the Millennium, the Grammy's Best New Artist in 1991, Billboard's Special Achievement Award for the Artist of the Decade during the 1990s.[278] In a career spanning over 20 years, Carey has sold over 200 million albums, singles, and videos worldwide, making her one of the biggest-selling artists in music history. Carey is ranked as the best-selling female artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era, with over 52 million copies sold.[279][280][281][282] Possessing a five-octave vocal range, Carey was ranked first in MTV and Blender magazine's 2003 countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, and was placed second in Cove magazine's list of "The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists".[242][283] Aside from her voice, she has become known for her songwriting. Yahoo Music editor Jason Ankeny wrote, "She earned frequent comparison to rivals Whitney Houston and Celine Dion, but did them both one better by composing all of her own material."[284] According to Billboard magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.[285] At the 2000 World Music Awards, Carey was given a Legend Award for being the "best-selling female pop artist of the millennium", as well as the "Best-selling artist of the 90s" in the United States, after releasing a series of albums of multi-platinum status in Asia and Europe, such as Music Box and Number 1's.[283][286] She is also a recipient of the Chopard Diamond Award in 2003, recognizing sales of over 100 million albums worldwide.[287] Additionally, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists Carey as the third-best-selling female artist, with shipments of over 63 million units in the US.[288][289] In Japan, Carey has the top four highest-selling albums of all time by a non-Asian artist.[290][291]
Carey has spent a record 79 weeks at the number-one position on Billboard Hot 100, becoming the artist with the most weeks at number-one in US chart history.[292] On that same chart, she has accumulated 18 number-one singles, which ties her with Elvis Presley for the second most number-one singles in the chart's history (after only The Beatles).[293] In 1994, Carey released her holiday album Merry Christmas has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and is the best-selling Christmas album of all time.[63][64][294][295] It also produced the successful single "All I Want for Christmas Is You", which became the only holiday song and ringtone to reach multi-platinum status in the US.[296] In Japan, Number 1's has sold over 3,250,000 copies and is the best-selling album of all time in Japan by a non-Asian artist.[297] Her hit single "One Sweet Day", which featured Boyz II Men, spent sixteen consecutive weeks at the top of Billboard's Hot 100 chart in 1996, setting the record for the most weeks atop the Hot 100 chart in history.[282] After Carey's success in Asia with Merry Christmas, Billboard estimated Carey as the all-time best-selling international artist in Japan.[298] In 2008, Billboard listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Songs[299] and second on Top Billboard Hot 100 R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.[300] The song was also declared the most popular song of the 2000s decade by Billboard.[152] In 2009, Carey's cover of Foreigner's song "I Want to Know What Love Is" became the longest-running number-one song in Brazilian singles chart history, spending 27 consecutive weeks at number-one.[301] Additionally, Carey has had three songs debut at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100: "Fantasy", "One Sweet Day" and "Honey", making her the artist with the most number-one debuts in the chart's 52-year history.[302] Also, she is the first female artist to debut at number 1 in the U.S. with "Fantasy".[283] In 2010, Carey's 13th album and second Christmas album, Merry Christmas II You, debuted at No.1 on the R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, making it only the second Christmas album to top that chart. On November 19, 2010, Billboard magazine named Carey in their "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" chart at number four.[303]
Philanthropy and other activities[link]
Carey is a philanthropist who has donated time and money to organizations such as the Fresh Air Fund.[304] She became associated with the Fund in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in Fishkill, New York, that enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities.[304] The camp was called Camp Mariah "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children", and she received a Congressional Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.[305] She is well-known nationally for her work with the Make-A-Wish Foundation in granting the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses, and in November 2006 she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting achievements".[306][307] Carey has volunteered for the New York City Police Athletic League and contributed to the obstetrics department of New York Presbyterian Hospital Cornell Medical Center.[308] A percentage of the sales of MTV Unplugged was donated to various other charities.[308] In 2008, Carey was named Hunger Ambassador of the World Hunger Relief Movement.[309] In February 2010, the song, "100%", which was originally written and recorded for the film, Precious,[310] was used as one of the theme songs for the 2010 Winter Olympics, with all money proceeds going to Team USA.[311]
One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 Divas Live special, during which she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation.[97] The concert was a ratings success, and Carey participated in the Divas 2000 special.[97] In 2007, the Save the Music Foundation honored Carey at their tenth gala event for her support towards the foundation since its inception.[312][313] She appeared at the America: A Tribute to Heroes nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, and in December 2001, she performed before peacekeeping troops in Kosovo.[314] Carey hosted the CBS television special At Home for the Holidays, which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families, from the Wayback Machine on October 22, 2001.[315] In 2005, Carey performed for Live 8 in London[316] and at the Hurricane Katrina relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm".[317] In August 2008, Carey and other singers recorded the charity single, "Just Stand Up" produced by Babyface and L. A. Reid, to support "Stand Up to Cancer".[318]
Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for Intel Centrino personal computers and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American Claire's and Icing stores.[319] During this period, as part of a partnership with Pepsi and Motorola, Carey recorded and promoted a series of exclusive ringtones, including "Time of Your Life".[320] She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company Elizabeth Arden, and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "M".[321] In 2007, Forbes named her as the fifth richest woman in entertainment, with an estimated net worth of US $270 million.[322][323] In November 2011, it was reported that Carey's net worth was valued at more than $500 million.[324] On November 29, 2010, she debuted a collection on HSN, the collection range included jewelry, shoes and fragrances.[325] In November 2011, Carey was announced as the new global ambassador for Jenny Craig, following her weight loss with the program after giving birth to fraternal twins in April. Carey claims she lost 70-pound (32 kg) on the program.[326]
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1999 | The Bachelor | Ilana | |
| 2001 | Glitter | Billie Frank | 2001 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress |
| 2002 | WiseGirls | Raychel | |
| 2003 | Death of a Dynasty | Herself | Cameo appearance |
| 2005 | State Property 2 | Dame's Wifey | |
| 2008 | You Don't Mess with the Zohan | Herself | Cameo appearance |
| 2009 | Tennessee | Krystal | |
| 2009 | Precious | Mrs. Weiss |
Palm Springs International Film Festival Breakthrough Performance Award |
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002 | Ally McBeal | Candy Cushnip | "Playing with Matches" (Season 5, episode 8) |
| 2003 | The Proud Family | Herself | Voice role |
Discography[link]
Main articles: Mariah Carey albums discography, Mariah Carey singles discography, Mariah Carey videography, and List of Mariah Carey songs
- Mariah Carey (1990)
- Emotions (1991)
- Music Box (1993)
- Merry Christmas (1994)
- Daydream (1995)
- Butterfly (1997)
- Rainbow (1999)
- Glitter (2001)
- Charmbracelet (2002)
- The Emancipation of Mimi (2005)
- E=MC² (2008)
- Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel (2009)
- Merry Christmas II You (2010)
See also[link]
|
Book: Mariah Carey |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
- List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart
- List of awards received by Mariah Carey
- List of best-selling music artists
- List of best selling music artists in U.S.
- List of Mariah Carey tours
Notes[link]
- ^ "News". Mariah Carey. http://mariahcarey.com/news/32701. Retrieved 2012-01-02.
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 8
- ^ a b c d e Nickson 1998, pp. 7
- ^ "Mariah Carey Biography". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://movies.nytimes.com/person/10883/Mariah-Carey. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ^ "Celebrity Central: Top 25 Celebrities: Mariah Carey". People (Time Warner). http://www.people.com/people/mariah_carey. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ^ a b c d e Nickson 1998, pp. 9
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 14
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 10–11
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 13
- ^ a b c d e Nickson 1998, pp. 16
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 17
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 18
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 19
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 20
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 21
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 22
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 61
- ^ a b c d Nickson 1998, pp. 25
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 26
- ^ a b Goodman, Fred (1991-04-14). "Pop Music; The Marketing Muscle Behind Mariah Carey". http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/14/arts/pop-music-the-marketing-muscle-behind-mariah-carey.html. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ^ Italie, Hillel (1990-08-18). "Vocal Range lets Carey Soar to the Top". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (John Robinson Block). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ivFRAAAAIBAJ&sjid=1m4DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6885,6109094&dq=mariah+carey+cinderella&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 28–29
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 33
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 45
- ^ Landis, David (1991-05-13). "'Bathgate' Wait". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/56149786.html?dids=56149786:56149786&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=May+13%2C+1991&author=David+Landis&pub=USA+TODAY+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=`BATHGATE'+WAIT&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ^ Bartha, Agatha (1991-02-12). "Major Grammy Winners". Toronto Star (Torstar). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/thestar/access/461628961.html?FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Feb+21%2C+1991&author=AP&pub=Toronto+Star&desc=Major+Grammy+winners&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-18.
- ^ "Year Ends Well for Countries Hottest Stars". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company). 1991-12-27. http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24482822.html?dids=24482822:24482822&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Dec+27%2C+1991&author=Jan+DeKnock.&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=Year+ends+well+for+country%27s+hottest+stars&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Harrington, Richard (1992-01-01). "1991's Chart-Toppers: Garth, Mariah & CC". The Washington Post (The Washington Post Company). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/washingtonpost/access/73919427.html?dids=73919427:73919427&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jan+01%2C+1992&author=Richard+Harrington&pub=The+Washington+Post+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=1991%27s+Chart-Toppers%3A+Garth%2C+Mariah+%26+CC&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ a b Cane, Clay (2010-06-12). "Mariah Celebrates Twenty Years". Black Entertainment Television. Viacom. http://www.bet.com/news/celebrities/2010/06/11/mariahtwenty.html. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 50–51
- ^ a b c d e f Nickson 1998, pp. 52
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 53
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 58
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 59
- ^ a b "Mariah Carey: Emotions" (in Japanese). Sony Music Entertainment Japan. Sony. http://www.sonymusic.co.jp/Music/International/Arch/SR/MariahCarey/SICP-8076/index.html. Retrieved 2011-03-19.
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 68
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 69
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, pp. 71
- ^ a b c Shapiro 2001, pp. 70
- ^ Nickson 1998, p. 72
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 77–78
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, p. 79
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, p. 80
- ^ a b "RIAA Gold & Platinum > Mariah Carey". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=2&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=mariah%20carey&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved 2011-01-14.
- ^ a b c Williams, Chris (2011-07-03). "Mariah Carey's Music Box LP (1993) Revisited With Co-Writer Walter Afanasieff". Soul Culture. Soul Culture Media. http://www.soulculture.co.uk/features/interviews/mariah-careys-music-box-lp-1993-revisited-with-co-writer-walter-afanasieff-return-to-the-classics/. Retrieved 2011-07-14.
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 72–73
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 74
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 75
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 77
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 78
- ^ Wynn, Ron. "Music Box > Overview". Allmusic. All Media Guide. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r186574. Retrieved 2010-08-17.
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, p. 102
- ^ "Chartverfolgung/Carey, Mariah/Single" (in German). musicline.de PhonoNet. http://musicline.de/de/chartverfolgung_summary/artist/Carey%2CMariah/single?sort=entry. Retrieved 2010-01-21.
- ^ "Search The Charts". The Irish Charts. Irish Recorded Music Association. http://www.irishcharts.ie/search/placement. Retrieved 2010-10-23.
- ^ "Mariah Carey – Without You" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40. Hung Medien. http://austriancharts.at/showitem.asp?interpret=Mariah+Carey&titel=Without+You&cat=s. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Nickson 1998, p. 112
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 81
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 82
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 86–87
- ^ Nickson 1998, p. 132
- ^ a b c Nickson 1998, p. 133
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Frere-Jones, Sasha (2006-04-06). "Mariah Carey's Record-Breaking Career". The New Yorker (Condé Nast Publications). http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/04/03/060403crmu_music. Retrieved 2011-11-10.
- ^ a b c Thompson, Tom (2008-04-19). "Let the Yuel Duel Begin". The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/rockandjazzmusic/3648757/Let-the-yule-duel-begin.html. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
- ^ a b Hancox, Dan (2010-11-26). "Sounds of the Season". The National (Mubadala Development Company). http://www.thenational.ae/arts-culture/music/sounds-of-the-season?pageCount=0. Retrieved 2010-12-10.
- ^ Greene, Andy. "The Greatest Rock and Roll Christmas Songs". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/photos/the-greatest-rock-and-roll-christmas-songs-20101216/mariah-carey-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-0150435. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
- ^ "Mariah Carey's 'All I Want For Christmas Is You' Is World's First Double Platinum Holiday Ringtone". Legacy Recordings. PR Newswire. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mariah-careys-all-i-want-for-christmas-is-you-is-worlds-first-double-platinum-holiday-ringtone-79488972.html. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
- ^ McClure, Steve (1995-08-05). The World's Number-Two Music Market Is No Afterthought. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=xwsEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA57&dq=mariah+carey+japanese&hl=en&ei=IvVbTOTmBcH48AbW69zlAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20japanese&f=false. Retrieved 2010-08-15.
- ^ "RIAJ - Statistics - Other Data - List of Million-Certified Compact Discs by Year - 1994" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/million_list/1994.html. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ "RIAJ - Statistics - Certification of Music Download - December 2008" (in Japanese). Recording Industry Association of Japan. http://www.riaj.or.jp/data/others/chart/w090120_3.html. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 136–137
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 91
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 89
- ^ Nickson 1998, p. 145
- ^ Trust, Gary (2010-06-02). "'20/20': Mariah Marks Milestone". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/column-chartbeat/20-20-vision-mariah-marks-milestone-1004094895.story#/column-chartbeat/20-20-vision-mariah-marks-milestone-1004094895.story. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ McClure, Steve (1996-01-27). "Carey's Ubiquitous Japanese Success". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=7g4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68&dq=mariah+carey+japanese&hl=en&ei=GvtbTIz9MsH-8Aazw4XYAg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=5&ved=0CDUQ6wEwBA#. Retrieved 2010-10-20.
- ^ Sanneh, Kalefa (2005-08-10). "The Summer Buzz: Cicadas and Mariah Carey". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/arts/music/04note.html. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ^ a b c Nickson 1998, p. 153
- ^ Speare, Aiden (1996-01-30). "Garth Brooks Refuses Trophy at American Music Awards". The Post and Courier (Evening Post Publishing Company). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=_JFSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=7DYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1353,4731300&dq=mariah+carey+american+music+awards&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 95
- ^ a b c Shapiro 2001, pp. 96
- ^ McClure, Steve (1996-12-28). "The Year in Japan". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.com/books?id=sQkEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PA1&pg=PA62#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Sischy, Ingrid (2007-09-20). "Mariah Carey: The Naked Truth From The World's Biggest Diva". Interview. pp. 156–165.
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, p. 156
- ^ Nickson 1998, p. 164
- ^ a b Nickson 1998, p. 157
- ^ Nickson 1998, pp. 158–159
- ^ Tainen, Dave (1997-09-16). "Carey' 'Butterfly' Shows but Thin". Milwaukee Journal Sentinel (Journal Communications). http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=YzkdAAAAIBAJ&sjid=MC4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6616,590422&dq=mariah+carey+breathy+voice&hl=en. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Demone, Larry (1997-03-07). "In Brief". The Buffalo News (Berkshire Hathaway). http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=BN&p_theme=bn&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=0EAF9A6859F16A45&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-08-05.
- ^ Juzwiak, Rich (2005-04-15). "Mariah Carey - Butterly". Slant Magazine. http://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review/mariah-carey-butterfly/330. Retrieved 2010-12-20.
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 104
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 101
- ^ a b Friedman, Roger (2008-04-03). "Mariah Carey's Biography". Fox News. News Corporation. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,205054,00.html. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
- ^ a b c Shapiro 2001, pp. 102
- ^ Hoskyns, Barney (1997-12-12). "Mariah Carey - Butterfly". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/albumreviews/butterfly-19971030. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2008-04-12). "((( Butterfly > Overview )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r314312/review. Retrieved 2011-08-09.
- ^ a b c Shapiro 2001, pp. 114
- ^ a b c Haring, Bruce (1998-04-16). "VH! Display of Divas Makes Me Feel 'Natural'". USA Today (Gannet Company). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/USAToday/access/28692993.html?dids=28692993:28692993&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Apr+16%2C+1998&author=Bruce+Haring&pub=USA+TODAY&desc=VH1+display+of+'Divas'+makes+all+feel+'Natural'&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Rodman, Sarah (2001-09-11). "All That Litters, 'Glitter'". Boston Herald (Herald Media Inc.). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/80313960.html?dids=80313960:80313960&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+11%2C+2001&author=SARAH+RODMAN&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=Music%3B+All+that+litters+`Glitter'%3B+Carey+displays+newfound+maturity+-+when+you+can+hear+her+among+the+guest+stars&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 115
- ^ a b c d Shapiro 2001, pp. 116
- ^ a b c d Willis, Andrew (1998-11-18). "Higher and Higher". Vibe. InterMedia Partners. http://books.google.com/books?id=jisEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=Everybody+swung+it+like+I+didn't+want+to+put+something+out+because+I+wouldn't+accept+less+than+a+number+1+pop+single.+That's+not+even+true.+Like+I+didn't+want+to+'break+a+streak'&source=bl&ots=MLJyxyQfpM&sig=pQyEle8DiX5QDTlw1SE1g4GjpxY&hl=en&ei=LbqiTLO2NYGB8gaRqJzZCg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CBcQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Everybody%20swung%20it%20like%20I%20didn't%20want%20to%20put%20something%20out%20because%20I%20wouldn't%20accept%20less%20than%20a%20number%201%20pop%20single.%20That's%20not%20even%20true.%20Like%20I%20didn't%20want%20to%20'break%20a%20streak'&f=false. Retrieved 2011-08-14.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (1998-08-31). "Mariah Talks About Whitney Duet, Takes Stage With Jermaine Dupri And Da Brat". MTV. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1426947/19980831/carey_mariah.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-09-29.
- ^ Doughrey (1998-12-14). "Mariah and Whitney Team Up!". Ebony. Johnson Publishing Company. http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=GcQDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA60&dq=Mariah+and+I+got+along+very+great.+We+had+never+talked+and+never+sang+together+before.+We+just+had+a+chance+for+camaraderie,+singer-to-singer,+artist-to-artist,+that+kind+of+thing.+We+just+laughed+and+talked+and+laughed+and+talked+and+sang+in+between+that+...+It's+good+to+know+that+two+ladies+of+soul+can+still+be+friends.%22&hl=ko&ei=NIZNTsfZJ8acgQeLvczyBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Mariah%20and%20I%20got%20along%20very%20great.%20We%20had%20never%20talked%20and%20never%20sang%20together%20before.%20We%20just%20had%20a%20chance%20for%20camaraderie%2C%20singer-to-singer%2C%20artist-to-artist%2C%20that%20kind%20of%20thing.%20We%20just%20laughed%20and%20talked%20and%20laughed%20and%20talked%20and%20sang%20in%20between%20that%20...%20It's%20good%20to%20know%20that%20two%20ladies%20of%20soul%20can%20still%20be%20friends.%22&f=false. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ a b McClure, Steve (1999-01-23). "International News". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://books.google.co.kr/books?id=yg0EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA49&dq=bodyguard+top+foreign+album&lr=&as_brr=0&as_pt=MAGAZINES&cd=5#v=onepage&q=bodyguard%20top%20foreign%20album&f=false. Retrieved 2010-10-03.
- ^ "Live Nation – Mariah Carey: #1's". Live Nation. Live Nation Entertainment. http://www.store.livenation.com/Product.aspx?cp=13281_25619_25593_25883_29557&pc=MUDD548. Retrieved 2010-08-24.
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 121
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 122
- ^ a b Shapiro 2001, pp. 123
- ^ a b c Shapiro 2001, pp. 133
- ^ Shapiro 2001, pp. 134
- ^ a b c Shapiro 2001, pp. 135
- ^ Graeme, Virtue (1999-11-07). "Rainbow: Mariah Carey (Columbia)". Sunday Herald (Newsquest). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/access/70150818.html?dids=70150818:70150818&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Nov+07%2C+1999&author=Graeme+Virtue&pub=Sunday+Herald&desc=Rainbow+Mariah+Carey+(Columbia)+HHH&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Linden, Amy (1999-12-12). "Mariah Carey 'Rainbow'". Vibe. InterMedia Partners. http://books.google.com/books?id=YCgEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA260-IA6&dq=mariah+carey+rainbow&hl=en&ei=qyduTabsD8G4tgfdvezwDg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEQQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=mariah%20carey%20rainbow&f=false. Retrieved 2011-03-06.
- ^ "Winners of the World Music Awards". World Music Awards. Société des bains de mer de Monaco. http://web.archive.org/web/20001015144058/www.montecarloresort.com/awards/00/w00res00.htm. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ a b "EMI Drops Mariah Carey". BBC News Online. 2002-01-31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1777172.stm. Retrieved 2011-02-03.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "((( Glitter > Overview )))". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. http://allmusic.com/album/glitter-r544381. Retrieved 2011-02-21.
- ^ Friedman, Roger (2001-07-26). "Mariah Melts Down; Madonna Disappoints". Fox News. Fox News Channel. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,30577,00.html. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Davies, Hugh (2001-07-28). "Let Me Sort Myself Out, Singer Carey Tells Fans". The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2001/07/28/wcarey28.xml. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ a b Gardner, Elysa (2002-11-28). "Mariah Carey, 'Standing Again'". USA Today (Gannett Company). http://www.usatoday.com/life/dcovfri.htm. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ a b c Pareles, Jon (2002-01-22). "Record Label Pays Dearly To Dismiss Mariah Carey". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). http://www.nytimes.com/2002/01/24/us/record-label-pays-dearly-to-dismiss-mariah-carey.html. Retrieved 2011-02-05.
- ^ a b c Vineyard, Jennifer (2005-10-13). "Mariah Carey Hospitalized For 'Extreme Exhaustion'". MTV News. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445424/mariah-carey-hospitalized.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (2005-10-13). "Mariah Carey Had 'Breakdown,' Her Publicist Says". MTV News. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1445918/mariah-carey-had-breakdown.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-03-29.
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- ^ Pennington, Gail (2008-04-12). "Critic's Picks". St. Louis Post-Dispatch (Lee Enterprises). http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SL&p_theme=sl&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10B0D48CAD9B00C8&p_field_direct-0=document_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Schumacher-Rasmussen, Eric (2001-09-22). "Mariah Carey, Springsteen, Other Stars Sing For America On Telethon". MTV News. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1449077/carey-others-sing-on-telethon.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-04-13.
- ^ Bianculli, David (2001-12-20). "Flawed Gala On Adoption". Daily News. Mortimer Zuckerman. http://articles.nydailynews.com/2001-12-20/entertainment/18370230_1_adoption-sings-performers. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
- ^ "Live 8 attracts 9.6m UK viewers". BBC News Online. 2005-07-04. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/4648051.stm. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Rodman, Sarah (2005-09-10). "Stars Shine Spotlight on Needy During Katrina Relief Telethon". Boston Herald (Herald Media). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/bostonherald/access/894426211.html?dids=894426211:894426211&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Sep+10%2C+2005&author=Sarah+Rodman&pub=Boston+Herald&desc=TELEVISION%3B+Stars+shine+spotlight+on+needy+during+Katrina+relief+telethon&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Serena (2008-05-03). "Mariah, Beyoncé Top Fifth Annual Fashion Rocks". People. Time Warner. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1077026,00.html. Retrieved 2011-08-07.
- ^ Paoletta, Michael. "The Branding of Mimi". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.azcentral.com/ent/music/articles/0711mimi.html. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Serpe, Gina (2006-08-29). "Mariah Rings Up Pepsi". E!. NBCUniversal. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b52141_mariah_rings_up_pepsi.html. Retrieved 2011-08-10.
- ^ Vineyard, Jennifer (2006-04-06). "Mariah Wants All Fans To See Her — And Even Smell Like Her". MTV News. Viacom. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1528037/mariah-wants-fans-see-her-smell-like-her.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
- ^ Thompson, Tom (2008-04-19). "The Diva has Landed". The Daily Telegraph (Telegraph Media Group). http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/music/the-diva-has-landed/story-e6frexl9-1111115979296. Retrieved 2011-05-10.
- ^ "The Richest 20 Women In Entertainment". Forbes. Forbes Publishing. 2007-01-07. http://www.forbes.com/2007/01/17/richest-women-entertainment-tech-media-cz_lg_richwomen07_0118womenstars_slide_7.html?thisSpeed=30000. Retrieved 2011-07-10.
- ^ Anderson, Kyle (2011-11-02). "Mariah Carey and Nick Cannon Let Barbara Walters Ogle Their Babies on '20/20'". Entertainment Weekly. Time Warner. http://popwatch.ew.com/2011/10/22/mariah-carey-nick-cannon-babies-2020/. Retrieved 2011-11-11.
- ^ "Mariah Carey; Mariah Carey Jewelry, Shoes and Fragrances". HSN. HSN Inc.. 2011-03-03. http://www.hsn.com/mariah-carey/mariah-carey_c-mc_a-7718_xc.aspx?rid=1831&prev=hp. Retrieved 2011-08-19.
- ^ Danner, Sarah (2008-03-30). "Snug as a Bug In a Rug! Mariah's 'Dembabies' Moroccan and Monroe Look Comfy and Cosy in Their Carriers". Daily Mail (Daily Mail and General Trust). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2059911/Mariah-Carey-twins-Moroccan-Monroe-look-comfy-cosy-carriers.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved 2011-08-06.
References[link]
- Appleman, Chris (1986). The Science of Vocal Pedagogy: Theory and Application. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. ISBN -0253351103.
- James, Harold (1998). Guinness Rockopedia. Los Angeles: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-072-5.
- Nickson, Chris (1995). Mariah Carey: her story. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-13121-0.
- Nickson, Chris (1998). Mariah Carey revisited. New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-19512-0.
- Peckham, Anne (2005). Vocal Workouts for the Contemporary Singer. Boston: Berklee Press. ISBN 0-87639-047-5.
- Shapiro, Marc (2001). Mariah Carey: the unauthorized biography. Toronto: ECW Press. ISBN 978-1-55022-444-3.
- Viros, Alexandre (2009). Casser les Voix. Paris: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 978-0-312-19512-0.
- Hardy, Phil. The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music: Fully Revised Third Edition (2001). pg. 156–157. UK: Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN 0-571-19608-X.
- Mulholland, Garry. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN 1-904041-70-1.
- Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition (ISBN 0-8230-7677-6)
- Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties (ISBN 0-89820-074-1)
- Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties (ISBN 0-89820-137-3)
- Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.
External links[link]
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Mariah Carey |
Media related to Mariah Carey at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website
- Mariah Carey at Allmusic
- Mariah Carey at the Internet Movie Database
- Mariah Carey at LAUNCHcast
- Mariah Carey collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Mariah Carey collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Mariah Carey on Charlie Rose
- Works by or about Mariah Carey in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Carey, Mariah |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American singer |
| Date of birth | March 27, 1969 or 1970 |
| Place of birth | Huntington, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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For other people named George Michael, see George Michael (disambiguation).
| George Michael | |
|---|---|
.jpg) George Michael in concert in Belgium, on 14 November 2006 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou |
| Born | (1963-06-25) 25 June 1963 (age 49) East Finchley, North London, England |
| Genres | Pop rock, New Wave, synthpop, blue-eyed soul |
| Occupations | Musician, singer-songwriter, record producer |
| Instruments | vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass guitar, piano, keyboards, drums, percussion, horns |
| Years active | 1977–present |
| Labels | Aegean, Columbia, Sony |
| Associated acts | Wham!, Band Aid, Elton John, Aretha Franklin, Mary J. Blige, Mutya Buena, Whitney Houston, Jody Watley |
| Website | Official website |
| Notable instruments | |
| Piano John Lennon model "Z" Steinway[1] |
|
George Michael (born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou (Greek: Γεώργιος Κυριάκος Παναγιώτου); 25 June 1963) is an English musician, singer, songwriter, multi-instrumentalist and record producer.[2] Michael rose to fame in the 1980s when he formed the pop duo Wham! with his school friend, Andrew Ridgeley. His first solo single, "Careless Whisper", was released when he was still in the duo and sold about six million copies worldwide.[3]
As one of the world's best-selling music artists, Michael has sold more than 100 million records worldwide as of 2010.[4] His 1987 debut solo album, Faith, has sold more than 20 million copies worldwide and made several records and achievements in the United States.[5] Michael has garnered seven number one singles in the UK and eight number one hits on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US. In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked Michael the 40th most successful artist on the Billboard Hot 100 Top All-Time Artists list.[6]
Michael has won numerous music awards throughout his 30-year career, including three Brit Awards—winning Best British Male twice, four MTV Video Music Awards, four Ivor Novello Awards, three American Music Awards, and two Grammy Awards from eight nominations.[7][8]
In 2004, the Radio Academy named Michael as the most played artist on British radio between the period of 1984–2004.[9] The documentary A Different Story was released in 2005; it covered his personal life and professional career.[10] In 2006, George Michael announced his first tour in 15 years. The 25 Live tour was a massive, worldwide undertaking by Michael, spanning three individual tours over the course of three years (2006, 2007 and 2008).[11]
Contents
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Early life[link]
Michael was born Georgios Kyriacos Panayiotou in East Finchley, North London.[12][13] His father, Kyriacos Panayiotou, a Greek Cypriot restaurateur, moved to England in the 1950s and changed his name to Jack Panos.[14] Michael's mother, Lesley Angold (née Harrison, 1937–1997),[15] was an English dancer who died from cancer in Fulham.[15][16][17] His maternal grandmother was Jewish, but hid that fact from her children during World War II for fear of persecution.[18] Michael spent the majority of his childhood in North London, in the home his parents bought soon after his birth. While in his early teens, the family moved to Radlett. There Michael attended the Bushey Meads School, where he met Andrew Ridgeley. The two had the same career ambition of being musicians.[19]
His involvement in the music business began with his working as a DJ, playing at clubs and local schools around Bushey, Stanmore and Watford. This was followed by the formation of a short-lived ska band called The Executive with Ridgeley, Ridgeley's brother Paul, Andrew Leaver, and David Mortimer (aka David Austin).[20]
Musical career[link]
1981–1986: Wham![link]
Main article: Wham!
Michael first found success after forming the duo Wham! with Andrew Ridgeley in 1981. The band's first album Fantastic reached no. 1 in the UK and produced a series of top 10 singles including "Young Guns (Go For It!)", "Wham Rap! (Enjoy What You Do)" and "Club Tropicana". Their second album, Make It Big, was the breakthrough that made the duo international superstars, reaching No. 1 on the charts in the US Singles from that album included "Wake Me Up Before You Go-Go", "Freedom", "Everything She Wants", and "Careless Whisper", the latter of which was Michael's first solo effort as a single.
Michael sang on the original Band Aid recording of "Do They Know It's Christmas?" and donated the profits from "Last Christmas/Everything She Wants" to charity. In addition, he contributed background vocals to David Cassidy's 1985 hit "The Last Kiss", as well as Elton John's 1985 successes "Nikita" and "Wrap Her Up". Michael cited Cassidy as a major career influence and interviewed Cassidy for David Litchfield's prestigious Ritz Newspaper.[21]
Wham!'s tour of China in April 1985, the first visit to China by a Western popular music act, generated enormous worldwide media coverage, much of it centred on Michael. The tour was documented by celebrated film director Lindsay Anderson and producer Martin Lewis in their film Foreign Skies: Wham! In China and contributed to Michael's ever-increasing fame.[22]
With the success of Michael's solo singles, "Careless Whisper" (1984) and "A Different Corner" (1986), rumours of an impending break up of Wham! intensified. The duo officially separated during the summer of 1986, after releasing a farewell single, "The Edge of Heaven" and a singles compilation, The Final, plus a sell-out concert at Wembley Stadium that included the world premiere of the China film. The Wham! partnership ended officially with the commercially successful single "The Edge of Heaven", which reached no.1 on the UK chart in June 1986.[23]
Solo career[link]
The beginning of his solo career, during early 1987, was a duet with soul music icon Aretha Franklin. "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" was a one-off project that helped Michael achieve an ambition by singing with one of his favourite artists, and it scored number one on both the UK Singles Chart and the Billboard Hot 100 upon its release.[24][25]
For Michael, it became his third consecutive solo number one in the UK from three releases, after 1984's "Careless Whisper" (though the single was actually from the Wham! album Make It Big) and 1986's "A Different Corner". The single was also the first Michael had recorded as a solo artist which he had not written himself. The co-writer, Simon Climie, was unknown at the time, although he would have success as a performer with the band Climie Fisher in 1988. Michael and Aretha Franklin won a Grammy Award in 1988 for Best R&B Performance – Duo or Group with Vocal for the song.[26]
[edit] 1987–1989: Faith
Main article: Faith (George Michael album)
During the autumn of 1987, Michael released his first solo album, Faith. In addition to playing a large number of instruments on the album, he wrote and produced every track on the recording, except for one, which he co-wrote.[27]
The first single released from the album was "I Want Your Sex", during the summer of 1987. The song was banned by many radio stations in the UK and US, due to its sexually suggestive lyrics.[28] MTV would broadcast the video, featuring celebrity make-up artist Kathy Jeung in a basque and suspenders, only during the late night hours.[28] Michael argued that the act was beautiful if the sex was monogamous. Michael even recorded a brief prologue for the video in which he said: "This song is not about casual sex."[29] One of the racier scenes involved Michael writing the words "explore monogamy" on his partner's back in lipstick.[30] Some radio stations played a toned-down version of the song, "I Want Your Love," which was mainly the word "love" replacing "sex."[31] When the tune reached the US charts, American Top 40 host Casey Kasem refused to say the song's title, referring to it only as "the new single by George Michael."[31] In the US, the song was also sometimes listed as "I Want Your Sex (from Beverly Hills Cop II)", since the song was featured on the soundtrack of the movie.[32]
Despite censorship and radio play problems, "I Want Your Sex" reached No.2 on the US Billboard Hot 100 singles chart[33] and at No.3 in Britain.[34]
The second single, "Faith", was released during October 1987, just a few weeks before the album. "Faith" would become one of his most popular songs. The song hit No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US and maintained that position for four consecutive weeks.[35] It also reached no.2 in the UK Singles Chart.[34] The famous video provided some definitive images of the 1980s music industry in the process—Michael in shades, leather jacket, cowboy boots, and Levi's jeans, playing a guitar near a classic-design jukebox.[36] On 30 October, Faith was released in the UK and in several markets worldwide.[32] In the United States, the album had 51 non-consecutive weeks in the Top 10 of Billboard 200, including 12 weeks at no.1. "Faith" had many successes, four of which ("Faith", "Father Figure", "One More Try", and "Monkey") reached no. 1.[37] Eventually, "Faith" received Diamond certification by the RIAA for sales of 10 million copies in the US.[38] To date, global sales of Faith are more than 25 million units.[39]
In 1988, Michael embarked on a world tour.[40] The nightly set list included from the Wham! era "Everything She Wants" and "I'm Your Man", as well as covers of "Lady Marmalade" or "Play That Funky Music". In Los Angeles, California, Michael was joined on stage by Aretha Franklin for "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)". It was the second highest grossing event of 1988, earning $17.7 million.[41] According to Michael in his film, A Different Story, success did not make him happy and he started to think there was something wrong in being an idol for millions of teenage girls. The whole Faith process (promotion, videos, tour, awards) left him exhausted, lonely and frustrated, and far from his friends and family.[42] At the 1989 MTV Video Music Awards in Los Angeles, Michael received the Video Vanguard Award.[43] In 1990, he told his record company Sony that, for his second album, he did not want to do promotions like the one for Faith.[32]
[edit] 1990–1992: Listen Without Prejudice
Main article: Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 was released in September 1990. For this album, Michael tried to create a new reputation as a serious-minded artist; the title is an indication of his desire to be taken more seriously as a songwriter.[44] Michael refused to make any kind of promotion for this album, including no music videos for the singles released.[32] The first single, "Praying for Time", was released in August 1990. It concerned social ills and injustice; the song was an instant success, reaching No. 6 in the UK and No. 1 on the US Billboard Hot 100, despite the absence of a video.[35] A video was released shortly thereafter, consisting of the lyrics on a dark background. Michael did not appear in this video or any subsequent videos for the album.[44]
The second single "Waiting for That Day" was an acoustic-heavy single, released as an immediate follow-up to "Praying For Time". It reached No. 27 in the US[35] and No. 23 in the UK[34] in October 1990. The album was released in Europe on 3 September 1990 (and one week later in the United States). It reached No. 1 in the UK Albums Chart[34] and peaked at No. 2 on the U.S. Billboard 200.[35] It spent a total of 88 weeks on the UK Albums Chart and was certified 4 times Platinum by the BPI.[45] The album produced 5 UK singles, which were released quickly, within an at eight-month period: "Praying for Time", "Waiting for That Day", "Freedom! '90", "Heal the Pain", and "Cowboys and Angels" (the latter being his only single not to chart in the UK top 40).[34]
"Freedom '90" was the second of only two of its singles to be supported by a music video (the other being the Michael-less "Praying for Time").[46] The song alludes to his struggles with his artistic identity, and prophesied his efforts shortly thereafter to end his recording contract with Sony Music. As if to prove the song's sentiment, Michael refused to appear in the video (directed by David Fincher), and instead recruited supermodels Naomi Campbell, Linda Evangelista, Christy Turlington, Tatjana Patitz, and Cindy Crawford to appear in and lip sync in his stead.[46] It also featured the reduction of his sex symbol status.[47] It had contrasting fortunes on each side of the Atlantic—a No.8 success on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US,[35] but only No.28 on the UK Singles Chart.[34] "Mother's Pride" gained significant radio play in the United States during the first Persian Gulf War during 1991, often with radio stations mixing in callers' tributes to soldiers with the music.[48] It reached No.46 on Billboard Hot 100 with only airplay.[35] In the end, Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1 sold approximately 8 million copies.[49]
In 1991, George Michael embarked on the "Cover to Cover Tour" in Japan, England, the US, and Brazil, where he performed at the "Rock in Rio" event.[50] In the audience in Rio, he saw and later met Anselmo Feleppa, the man who would become his partner.[48] The tour was not a proper promotion for Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1. Rather, it was more about Michael singing his favourite cover songs.[50] Among his favourites was "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", a 1974 song by Elton John; Michael and John had performed the song together at the Live Aid concert in 1985, and again for Michael's concert at London's Wembley Arena on 25 March 1991, where the duet was recorded. The single was released at the end of 1991 and became a success on both sides of the Atlantic.[51]
In the meantime, the expected follow-up album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 2, was scrapped due to Michael's lawsuit with Sony.[52] Among Michael's complaints was that Sony had not completely supported the release of his second album, resulting in its poor performance in the US as compared to Faith. Sony responded that Michael's refusal to appear in promotional videos had caused the bad response.[53] Michael ended the idea for Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 2 and donated three songs to the charity project Red Hot + Dance, for the Red Hot Organization which raised money for AIDS awareness,[54] while a fourth track "Crazyman Dance" was the B-side of 1992's "Too Funky". Michael donated the royalties from "Too Funky" to the same cause.[55] The song did not appear on any George Michael studio album, although later it was included on his solo collections Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael in 1998 and Twenty Five in 2006. The video featured Michael (sporadically) as a director filming supermodels Linda Evangelista, Beverly Peele, Estelle Lefébure and Nadja Auermann at a fashion show.[56] "Too Funky" was a success, reaching number 4 in the UK singles chart[34] and number 10 in the US Billboard Hot 100.[35]
[edit] 1993: Five Live
Main article: Five Live (EP)
George Michael performed at The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert on 20 April 1992 at London's Wembley Stadium.[57] The concert was a tribute to the life of the late Queen frontman, Freddie Mercury, with some proceeds going to AIDS research.[58] Michael performed "'39" and "Somebody to Love". The performance of the latter was released on the "Five Live" EP.
Five Live, released in 1993 for Parlophone in the UK and Hollywood Records in the US, features five—and in some countries, six—tracks performed by George Michael, Queen, and Lisa Stansfield."Somebody to Love" and "These Are the Days of Our Lives" were recorded at the Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert. "Killer", "Papa Was a Rollin' Stone", and "Calling You" were all live performances recorded during his "Cover to Cover Tour" from 1991. Michael's performances of "Somebody to Love" was hailed as "one of best performances of the tribute concert".[59][60] The idea of having George Michael take over as full-time lead singer of Queen was even given serious consideration.[61]
All proceeds from the sale of the EP benefited the Mercury Phoenix Trust.[62] Sales of the EP were very strong through Europe, where it debuted at number 1 in the UK and several European countries.[34] Chart success in the United States was less spectacular, where it peaked at number 40 on the Billboard 200 ("Somebody to Love" reached No.30 on the US Billboard Hot 100).[35]
[edit] 1994–1997: Older
Main article: Older (album)
During November 1994, after a long period of seclusion, George Michael appeared at the first MTV Europe Music Awards show, where he gave a touching performance of a brand-new song, "Jesus to a Child".[63] The song was a melancholy tribute to his lover, Anselmo Feleppa, who had died in March 1993.[64]
The song was Michael's first self-penned success in his homeland in almost four years; it entered the UK singles chart at No. 1[34] and No. 7 on Billboard in the same month of release.[35] It was also Michael's longest UK Top 40 single, at almost seven minutes long. The exact identity of the song's subject—and the nature of Michael's relationship with Feleppa—was shrouded in innuendo and speculation, as Michael had not confirmed he was homosexual and did not do so until 1998. The video for "Jesus to a Child" was a picture of images recalling loss, pain and suffering. Michael consistently dedicates the song to Feleppa before performing it live.[65]
The second single, released in April 1996, was "Fastlove", an energetic tune about wanting gratification and fulfilment without commitment. The song was somewhat unusual for a popular song, in that it did not have a defined chorus and that the single version was nearly five minutes long. "Fastlove" was supported by a futuristic virtual reality-related video. It scored No. 1 in the UK singles chart, spending three weeks at the top spot.[34] In the US, "Fastlove" peaked at No. 8, his most recent single to reach the top 10 on the US charts.[35] Following "Fastlove", Michael finally released Older, his first studio album in six years and only the third in his ten year solo career. The album's US and Canada release was particularly notable as it was the first album released by David Geffen's (now-defunct) DreamWorks Records.[66] Older was particularly notable for the release of its six singles. Each of them reached the UK Top 3, a record for the most singles in the British Top 3 released from a single album.[67] At the time of release of the album's fifth single, "Star People '97", chart specialist James Masterton noted George Michael's success on the singles charts, writing: "George Michael nonetheless makes an impressive Top 3 entry with this single. The Older album has now proved itself to be far and away his most commercially successful recording ever. Five singles now lifted and every single one has been a Top 3 hit. Compare this with the two Top 3 hits produced by Faith and Listen Without Prejudice's scant total of one Top Tenner and one single which missed the Top 40 altogether. This sustained single success has, of course, been achieved with a little help from marketing tricks such as remixes – or in this case a new recording of the album track which gives it a much-needed transformation into a deserved commercial smash."[68]
In 1996, Michael was voted 'Best British Male', at the MTV Europe Music Awards[69] and the Brit Awards;[70] and at The Ivor Novello Awards, he was awarded the prestigious title of 'Songwriter of The Year' for the third time.[14] Michael performed a concert at Three Mills Studios, London, for MTV Unplugged.[71] It was his first long performance in years, and in the audience was Michael's mother. The next year, she died of cancer.[72]
[edit] 1998: Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
Main article: Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael
Ladies & Gentlemen: The Best of George Michael was Michael's first solo greatest hits collection released in 1998. The collection of 28 songs (29 songs are included on the European and Australian release) are separated into two halves, with each containing a particular theme and mood. The first CD, titled "For the Heart", predominantly contains Michael's successful ballads, while the second CD, "For the Feet", consists mainly of his popular dance tunes.[73] It was released through Sony Music Entertainment as a condition of severing contractual ties with the label.[74]
The album is notable for containing a large number of compilation tracks and duets that had not previously appeared on his albums, including his duet with Aretha Franklin, "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)"; "Desafinado", a duet in Portuguese with Brazilian legendary singer Astrud Gilberto; and the Elton John duet "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me".
Ladies & Gentlemen was an instant success, peaking at number one on the UK Albums Chart for 8 weeks.[34] It has spent over 200 weeks in the UK Charts, and it is the 38 best-selling album of all time in the UK.[75] It is certified 7 times platinum in the United Kingdom and Multi-Platinum in the United States, and it's George Michael's most commercially successful album in his homeland having sold more than 2.8 million copies.[45] To date, the album has reached worldwide sales of approximately 15 million copies.[76]
The first single of the album, "Outside" was a humorous song about his arrest for soliciting a policeman in a public restroom. "As", his duet with Mary J. Blige, was released as the second single in many territories around the world. Both singles reached the top 5 in the UK Singles Chart.[34]
[edit] 1999: Songs from the Last Century
Main article: Songs from the Last Century
Songs from the Last Century is a studio album of cover tracks. It was released in 1999 and was the final George Michael album to be released through Virgin Records. To date, the album has peaked the lowest of his solo effort. The album debuted at number 157 on the American Billboard 200 albums chart, which was also the album's peak position.[35] It was also his lowest-charting album in the UK, becoming his only solo effort not to reach number 1. It peaked at number 2 in the UK Albums Chart.[34] It consists of old standards, plus new interpretations of more recent popular songs such as "Roxanne", "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face"; and the Frank Sinatra classic "Where or When". Each of the 11 tracks was co-produced by Phil Ramone and George Michael.[77]
[edit] 2000–2005: Patience
Main article: Patience (George Michael album)
Michael began working on what would be his fifth studio album, spending two years in the recording studio. His first single "Freeek!", taken from the new album, was successful in Europe going to number one in Italy, Portugal, Spain and Denmark in 2002 and reaching the top 10 in the UK and the top 5 in Australia.[78] It made 22 charts around the world. However, his next single "Shoot the Dog" proved to be highly controversial when released in July 2002. It was highly critical of George W. Bush and Tony Blair in the leadup to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.[79] It reached number one in Denmark and made the top 5 in most European charts.[80] However, in Britain it peaked at only number 12 in the UK Singles Chart.[34]
On 17 November 2003, George Michael re-signed with Sony Music after a legal battle with the company led to his contract being sold to rival record companies Virgin Records and DreamWorks Records.[74] When Michael's fifth studio album, Patience, was released in 2004, it went straight to number 1 on the UK Albums Chart,[34] and became one of the fastest selling albums in the UK, selling over 200,000 copies in the first week alone.[81] In Australia it reached number 2 on 22 March.[82] It reached the Top 5 on most European charts, and peaked at number 12 in the United States, selling over 500,000 copies to earn a Gold certification from the RIAA.[35] Critically acclaimed, it is considered the album of George Michael's comeback to the spotlight in the new millennium, selling around 7 million copies worldwide and spawning four (of six) new hit singles.[83]
"Amazing", the first single from the album, became a number one hit in Europe.[84] When Michael appeared on the Oprah Winfrey Show on 26 May 2004, to promote the album, he performed "Amazing", along with his classic songs "Father Figure" and "Faith".[85] On the show Michael spoke of his arrest, revealing his homosexuality, and his resumption of public performances. He allowed Oprah's crew inside his home outside of London.[86] The second single taken off the album was "Flawless (Go to the City)", It was a dance hit in Europe as well as North America, reaching no.1 on the Billboard Hot Dance Club Play and became Michael's last number one single on the United States Dance chart.[34] In November, Sony released another single – "Round Here". It was the least successful single taken from Patience when it stalled the UK charts at no. 32.[34] In 2005, "John and Elvis Are Dead" was released as the final single from the album; it was released as a download single and was therefore unable to chart in the United Kingdom.[87]
George Michael announced that Patience will be the last record on sale to the public.[88] He told BBC Radio 1 on 10 March 2004 that future music that he puts out will be available for download, with fans encouraged to make a donation to charity.[89]
[edit] 2005–2008: Twenty Five and concert tours
Main article: Twenty Five (album)
Twenty Five was George Michael's second greatest hits album, celebrating the 25th anniversary of his music career.[90] Released in November 2006 by Sony BMG, it debuted at no.1 in the UK.[91]
The album contains songs chiefly from George Michael's solo career but also from his earlier days in Wham! It comes in two formats: two CDs or a limited edition three-CD set. The 2-CD set contained 26 tracks, including four recorded with Wham! and three new songs: "An Easier Affair"; "This Is Not Real Love" (a duet with Mutya Buena, formerly of Sugababes, which peaked at No.15 in the UK Charts); and a new version of "Heal the Pain" recorded with Paul McCartney. The limited edition three-CD version contains an additional 14 lesser known tracks, including one from Wham! and another completely new song, "Understand".[92]
Twenty Five was released in North America on 1 April 2008 as a 29-song, two-CD set featuring several new songs (including duets with Paul McCartney and Mary J. Blige and a song from the short-lived TV series Eli Stone)[93] in addition to many of Michael's successful songs from both his solo and Wham! career. To commemorate the Twenty Five album, George Michael toured North America for the first time in 17 years, playing large venues in major cities including New York, Los Angeles, St. Paul/Minneapolis, Chicago and Dallas.[94]
The DVD version of Twenty Five contains 40 videos on two discs, including seven with Wham!.[95]
During the 2005 Live 8 concert, Michael joined Paul McCartney on stage, harmonising on The Beatles classic "Drive My Car". Michael was one of several remixers commissioned in 1990 to work on dance mixes for Bananarama's "Tripping on Your Love". Bananarama covered "Careless Whisper" for their Exotica album in 2001, and the track was also released as a single in France.
In 2006, Michael started his first tour in 15 years, 25 Live. The tour began in Barcelona, Spain, on 23 September and finished in December at Wembley Arena in England. According to his website, the 80-show tour was seen by 1.3 million fans. On 12 May 2007 in Coimbra, Portugal, he began the European "25 Live Stadium Tour 2007", including London and Athens, and ending on 4 August 2007 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. There were 29 tour dates (as of 21 April 2007) across Europe. On 9 June 2007 Michael became the first artist to perform live at the newly renovated Wembley Stadium in London, where he was later fined £130,000 for overrunning the programme for 13 minutes.
On 25 March 2008 a third part of the 25 Live Tour was announced for North America. This part included 21 dates in the United States and Canada. This was Michael's first tour of North America in 17 years. Following news of Michael's North American tour, Twenty Five was released in North America on 1 April 2008 as a 29-song, 2-CD set featuring several new songs (including duets with Paul McCartney and Mary J. Blige and a song from the short-lived TV series, Eli Stone) in addition to many of Michael's successful songs from both his solo and Wham! career. In addition, a companion 2-disc DVD of 40 videos was also made available.
Michael made his American acting debut by playing a guardian angel to Jonny Lee Miller's character on Eli Stone, a TV series that was broadcast in the United States. In addition to performing on the show as himself and as "visions", each episode of the show's first season was named after a song of his. Michael appeared on the 2008 finale show of American Idol on 21 May singing "Praying for Time". When asked what he thought Simon will say of his performance, he replied "I think he'll probably tell me I shouldn't have done a George Michael song. He's told plenty of people that in the past, so I think that'd be quite funny."[96][97][98]
On 1 December, Michael played a last concert in Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates, as part of the 37th National Day Celebrations.
2008–present: Latest projects[link]
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On 25 December 2008, Michael released a new track "December Song" on his website for free. It was hoped that fans who download the song would donate money to charity. Though the song is not available any more on his website, it remains available on file sharing networks[99] and on 29 October 2009 the BBC said that George Michael was to join the race for the UK Christmas number one as a remastered version of "December Song" would go on sale on 13 December. The popularity of the single was boosted by a promotional appearance that Michael made on The X Factor, where he performed the song with David Austin playing piano.
At the end of 2009, Michael announced, after months of speculation, that he would be performing shows in the Australian cities of Melbourne, Perth and Sydney, his first concerts in Australia since 1988.[100] On 20 February 2010, Michael performed his first show in Perth at the Burswood dome to an audience of 15,000.[101]
On 5 March 2010, Michael confirmed that he would be a guest performer at the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras After Party, where he performed at 1 am, followed by Kelly Rowland at 3 am.[102]
On 2 March 2011 Michael announced the release of his cover version of New Order's 1987 hit "True Faith" in aid of the charity Comic Relief.[103] The Guardian called his version a "dreary run through a song that now sounds like it's being performed by a depressed Dalek" and questioned whether it was "the worst 'non-comedy' charity single of all time".[104] Michael released a cover of Stevie Wonder's 1972 song, "You and I" on 15 April 2011, as an MP3 gift to Prince William and Catherine Middleton on the occasion of their wedding on 29 April 2011.
Although the MP3 was released for free download,[105] Michael appealed that those who do download the special track that make a contribution to "The Prince William & Miss Catherine Middleton Charitable Gift Fund".[106]
On 11 May 2011, the Symphonica Tour was announced. Only European dates were released. The first show on the tour was performed at the Prague State Opera House on 22 August.[107] In November, he had to cancel the remainder of the tour though, as he became severely ill in Vienna, Austria.[108]
In October 2011, Michael was announced as one of the final nominees for the Songwriter's Hall of Fame.[109]
Michael told fans over Twitter in January 2012 that he did not think his vocal cords would be ready for performance "till the summer", and that the tour will probably take place in September of that year, and may include previously unheard songs.[110] Michael also announced in an interview with OK! magazine in October 2011 that he is working on a dance influenced album.[citation needed]
Personal life[link]
Sexuality[link]
In a 2007 interview, Michael admitted that he had hidden the fact he was gay because of worries over what effect it might have on his mother.[111]
Relationships[link]
Michael established a relationship with Anselmo Feleppa, whom he had met at the 1991 concert Rock in Rio. Feleppa died of a brain haemorrhage in 1993.[112] Michael's single "Jesus to a Child" is a tribute to Feleppa (he consistently dedicates it to him before performing it live), as is his 1996 album Older.[112]
In 1996, Michael entered into a long-term relationship with Kenny Goss, a former cheerleader coach[113] and sportswear executive from Dallas.[114] They had homes in London and Dallas.[115] In late November 2005, it was reported that Michael and Goss would register their relationship as a civil partnership in the UK,[116] but because of negative publicity and his upcoming tour, they postponed it to a later date.[117][118] On 22 August 2011, the opening night of his Symphonica world tour, Michael announced that he and Goss had split two years earlier.[119] Goss was present at Michael's British sentencing for driving under the influence of marijuana on 14 September 2010.[120]
Anonymous sex[link]
Questions of Michael's sexual orientation persisted in public until 7 April 1998, when he was arrested for "engaging in a lewd act" in a public toilet in a park in Beverly Hills, California. He was arrested by an undercover policeman named Marcelo Rodríguez, in a sting operation using so-called "pretty police."
In an MTV interview, Michael stated: "I got followed into the restroom and then this cop—I didn't know it was a cop, obviously—he started playing this game, which I think is called, 'I'll show you mine, you show me yours, and then when you show me yours, I'm going to nick you!"[121]
After pleading "no contest" to the charge, Michael was fined US$810 and sentenced to 80 hours of community service. Soon afterwards, Michael made a video for his single "Outside" which was obviously based on the public toilet incident and which featured men dressed as policemen kissing. Rodríguez claimed that this video "mocked" him, and that Michael had slandered him in interviews. In 1999, he brought a US$10 million court case in California against the singer. The court dismissed the case, but an Appellate court reinstated the case on 3 December 2002.[122] The court then ruled Rodríguez, as a public official, could not legally recover damages for emotional distress.[123]
After the incident, Michael became explicit about his sexuality and his relationship with Kenny Goss which began in June 1996.
On 23 July 2006. Michael was again accused of engaging in anonymous public sex, this time at London's Hampstead Heath.[124] The anonymous partner was stated (wrongly, as it turned out) to be 58-year-old Norman Kirtland,[125] an unemployed van driver.[126] Despite stating that he intended to sue both the News of the World tabloid who supposedly photographed the incident and Norman Kirtland for slander, Michael stated that he cruises for anonymous sex[127] and that this was not an issue in his relationship with partner Kenny Goss.[128]
Drugs[link]
On 26 February 2006, Michael was arrested for possession of Class C drugs, an incident that he described as "my own stupid fault, as usual." He was cautioned by the police and released.[129]
Michael was arrested in Cricklewood, North-West London, after motorists reported a car obstructing the road at traffic lights. He pleaded guilty on 8 May 2007 to driving while unfit through drugs.[130] He was banned from driving for two years, and sentenced to community service.
During September 2007, on Desert Island Discs, he said that his cannabis use was a problem; he wished he could smoke less of it and was constantly trying to do so.[131]
On 19 September 2008, Michael was arrested in a public toilet in the Hampstead Heath area of London for possession of Class A and C drugs. He was taken to the police station and cautioned for controlled substance possession.[132]
On 5 December 2009, in an interview with The Guardian, Michael explained he had cut back on cannabis and now smokes only 'seven or eight' spliffs per day instead of the 25 he used to smoke.[133]
In the early hours of Sunday 4 July 2010 Michael was returning from the Gay Pride parade. The singer was spotted on CCTV driving into the front of a Snappy Snaps store in Hampstead, North London and was arrested on suspicion of being unfit to drive.[134][135] On 12 August, London's Metropolitan Police said he was "charged with possession of cannabis and with driving while unfit through drink or drugs".[136] Michael had also been taking the prescription medication Amitriptyline.[137][138]
On 24 August 2010 the singer pleaded guilty at Highbury Corner Magistrates' Court in London after admitting driving under the influence of drugs[139] and on 14 September 2010 at the same court, was sentenced to eight weeks in prison, a fine, and a five year ban from driving.[140][141] Michael was released from Highpoint Prison in Suffolk on 11 October 2010, after serving four weeks.[142] It was reported that Michael had also been taking the prescription medication, Amitriptyline,[143][144] a sleeping pill.
Politics[link]
Michael wrote "Shoot the Dog", a song critical about the friendly relationship between the American and British governments and their involvement in the Iraq War.
During 2000, Michael joined Melissa Etheridge, Garth Brooks, Queen Latifah, the Pet Shop Boys, and k.d. lang, to perform in Washington, D.C. as part of 'Equality Rocks' – a concert to benefit the Human Rights Campaign.[145]
During 2007, he sent the £1.45 million piano that John Lennon used to write "Imagine" around the United States on a "peace tour," having it on display at places where violence had taken place, such as Dallas' Dealey Plaza, where US President John. F. Kennedy was shot.[1]
He devoted his concert in Sofia, Bulgaria, from his "Twenty Five Tour" to the Bulgarian nurses prosecuted in the HIV trial in Libya.[146]
On 17 June 2008, Michael said he was thrilled by California's legalisation of same-sex marriage, calling the move "way overdue."[147]
Charity[link]
During 1984, he sang as part of Band Aid on the charity song "Do They Know It's Christmas?" for famine relief in Ethiopia. This single scored No.1 on the UK music charts over Christmas 1984, holding Michael's own song, "Last Christmas" by Wham!, at #2. Michael donated the royalties from "Last Christmas" to Band Aid and subsequently sang with Elton John at Live Aid (the Band Aid charity concert) in 1985.
In 2003 he paired up with Ronan Keating on the Who Wants to be a Millionaire? and won £32,000, after having their original £64,000 winnings halved after missing the £125,000 question.
The proceeds from the single "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me" were divided among 10 different charities for children, AIDS and education.
Michael is supporting a campaign to help raise US$32 million (GBP15 million) for terminally ill children.
Assets[link]
According to reports, between the years 2006 and 2008, Michael earned £48.5 million ($97 million)[148] from the 25 Live tour alone, as well as earning millions more for private concerts that he periodically does, such as for Billionaire Vladimir Potanin and super rich fashion shop owner Sir Philip Green.[148] According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2011, George Michael is worth £90 million in currency alone.[149]
Memoirs[link]
In 1991 Michael released an autobiography titled "Bare" through Penguin Books, which he co-wrote with writer Tony Parsons. The over 200 page book covers various aspects of his life, including details of his relationship with a former girlfriend.[150] On 16 January 2008, Michael signed a contract with HarperCollins for an autobiography which he is to write "entirely himself".[151]
Health troubles[link]
On 26 October 2011, Michael had to cancel a performance at London's Royal Albert Hall due to viral infection. On 21 November 2011, Michael was admitted to hospital in Vienna after complaining of chest pains at a hotel two hours prior to him performing at a venue there for his Symphonica Tour. Michael was later confirmed to have suffered from pneumonia and until 1 December was in an intensive-care unit. While Michael appeared to be "in good spirits" and was responding well to treatment following his admittance, hospital officials said on 25 November, that Michael's condition had "worsened overnight". This development led to Michael's remaining 2011 dates, most of them in the United Kingdom, being cancelled and postponed.[152] Michael's partner, celebrity hairstylist Fadi Fawaz, told press that Michael's health was improving "by the hour". On 1 December, doctors in the hospital Michael stayed in, announced that the singer was "steadily improving" and had moved out of the intensive care unit. On 21 December 2011, Michael was discharged from the hospital. On 23 December 2011, Michael made a public speech in London about how the staff at the Vienna General Hospital had saved his life and how he was so grateful that he was going to perform a concert for the staff. Whilst making the speech, he became emotional and became breathless.[153] During the speech, he also mentioned he had undergone a tracheotomy.[154]
Discography[link]
Main article: George Michael discography
See also: Wham! discography
Studio albums[link]
- 1987: Faith
- 1990: Listen Without Prejudice Vol. 1
- 1996: Older
- 1999: Songs from the Last Century
- 2004: Patience
Awards[link]
Tours[link]
- Faith World Tour (1988–1989)
- Cover to Cover (1991)
- 25 Live (2006–2008)
- George Michael Live in Australia (2010)
- Symphonica Tour (2011–2012)
See also[link]
|
Book: George Michael |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
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- ^ "George Michael's condition worsened overnight say doctors - General News - Vienna Times Online News - English Newspaper". Viennatimes.at. http://viennatimes.at/news/General_News/2011-11-25/27779/George_Michael%27s_condition_worsened_overnight_say_doctors. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "Songwriters Hall Of Fame 2012 Nominees For Induction Announced". 18 October 2011. http://songhall.org/news/entry/1281. Retrieved 18 October 2011.
- ^ "George Michael to re-schedule UK tour following illness". BBC News. 31 January 2012. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16810169.
- ^ Andrew Johnson (30 September 2007). "George Michael: Why I had to keep my homosexuality secret". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/george-michael-why-i-had-to-keep-my-homosexuality-secret-403989.html. Retrieved 15 February 2008.
- ^ a b "Latest news and profile of George Michael". Hello!. http://www.hellomagazine.com/profiles/georgemichael/. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ^ "Cheerleader feedback". University of North Texas. Fall 2003. http://www.unt.edu/northtexan/archives/f03/cheerextrafb.htm. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ "Kenny". Chez Nobby. http://www.home.no/cheznobby/id50.htm. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ "Goss Gallery to Open in Dallas Featuring International Contemporary Art". PR News Wire. http://www.prnewswire.co.uk/cgi/news/release?id=146309. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ "George Michael to 'marry' partner". BBC News. 29 November 2005. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/4483552.stm. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ "Michael issues 'marriage' denial". BBC News. 26 July 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/5216598.stm.
- ^ Updated, Last (6 May 2004). "Club Stroppycana". The Sun (London: News International). http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/article88053.ece. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ >Ward, Kate (23 August 2011). "George Michael announces break-up with Kenny Goss during emotional performance". EW.com. http://music-mix.ew.com/2011/08/23/george-michael-kenny-goss-break-up/. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ^ "George Michael gets 8 weeks jail for drug driving". Yahoo! Music. Associated Press. 14 September 2010. http://new.music.yahoo.com/george-michael/news/george-michael-gets-8-weeks-jail-for-drug-driving--61992822. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
- ^ Rex Wockner George Michael's Tearoom Tale Gay Today, 9 November 1998
- ^ A. Wallace Tashima (3 December 2002) (PDF). Marcelo Rodriguez v Georgios Kyriacos Panagiotou. United States Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit. Archived from the original on 22 December 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20051222154503/http://www.ca9.uscourts.gov/ca9/newopinions.nsf/6BEA0A1BA36F0D2A88256C84000643EA/$file/0056923.pdf?openelement. Retrieved 15 February 2008.
- ^ "George Bust 'Bad Karma' Says US Cop", Sunday Star, 5 March 2006
- ^ Star to sue over 'cruising' claim BBC News, 28 July 2006; Retrieved 28 October 2009
- ^ George Michael speaks on BBC News The Advocate, 29 July 2006; Retrieved 28 October 2009
- ^ George Michael – Michael Blasts Tabloid 'Cruising' Claims Contact Music, 23 July 2006; Retrieved 28 October 2009
- ^ Quote UnQuote Gay and Lesbian Times, 10 August 2006; Retrieved 28 October 2009
- ^ George Michael not ashamed after sex sting China Daily, 31 July 2006; Retrieved 28 October 2009
- ^ Cohen, Benjamin (27 February 2006). "George Michael: "arrest my own stupid fault"". Pink News. http://www.pinknews.co.uk/news/articles/2005-626.html. Retrieved 20 November 2009.
- ^ "Pop Star Pleads Guilty To Drug-Drive Charge". Sky News. 8 May 2007. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/Sky-News-Archive/Article/20080641264521. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ "Drug is a problem, Michael admits". BBC News. 30 September 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7018682.stm. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ "George Michael arrest over drugs". BBC News. 20 September 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7627636.stm. Retrieved 20 September 2008.
- ^ Hattenstone, Simon (5 December 2009). "George Michael: 'I'm surprised I've survived my own dysfunction'". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2009/dec/05/george-michael-interview-music-sex-drugs. Retrieved 15 January 2010.
- ^ "George Michael Arrested". Sky Living HD. http://skyliving.sky.com/celebrity/george-michael-arrested. Retrieved 6 July 2010.
- ^ Andre Paine (6 July 2010). "George Michael Arrested After London Car Crash". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/george-michael-arrested-after-london-car-1004102234.story#/news/george-michael-arrested-after-london-car-1004102234.story. Retrieved 12 August 2010.
- ^ George Michael Charged With Drug, Driving Offenses Billboard, 12 August 2010
- ^ Paul Cheston (14 September 2010). "George Michael gets eight weeks in jail for drug driving crash". Evening Standard. UK. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23877664-george-michael-faces-jail-over-drug-driving-crash.do. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
- ^ "Michael jailed for cannabis crash". The Sun (UK). 14 September 2010. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3138060/George-Michael-jailed-for-cannabis-crash.html. Retrieved 10 October 2010.
- ^ "George Michael pleads guilty to driving under the influence of drugs". BBC News. 24 August 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11070361. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ^ "George Michael jailed for eight weeks for drug driving". BBC News. 14 September 2010. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-11299938. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "George Michael jailed for eight weeks". The Telegraph (UK). 14 September 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/8002310/George-Michael-jailed-for-eight-weeks.html. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ "George Michael released from prison". The Telegraph (UK). 11 October 2010. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/celebritynews/8055522/George-Michael-released-from-prison.html. Retrieved 11 October 2010.
- ^ "George Michael jailed for cannabis crash". London: The Sun. 14 September 2010. http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3138060/George-Michael-jailed-for-cannabis-crash.html.
- ^ "George Michael gets eight weeks in jail for drug driving crash". London Evening Standard (UK). 14 September 2010. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23877664-george-michael-faces-jail-over-drug-driving-crash.do.
- ^ Basham, David (28 February 2000). "George Michael, Queen Latifah To Rock For "Equality"". MTV Networks. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1432143/george-michael-queen-latifah-rock-equality.jhtml. Retrieved 12 June 2011.
- ^ "Bulgaria: George Michael: Free Bulgaria's Nurses in Libya!". Novinite.com. 29 May 2007. http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=81212. Retrieved 27 April 2009.
- ^ Rodman, Natalie (18 June 2008). "George Michael sounds off on gay marriage". USA Today. Associated Press. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2008-06-18-georgemichael_N.htm. Retrieved 12 September 2011.
- ^ a b George Michael's tour fortune Monsters and Critics, 18 March 2009
- ^ "The top 50 richest people in music: Sunday Times Rich List" This is Money, 4 May 2011
- ^ Bare: George Michael, His Own Story Amazon.com
- ^ "George Michael to reveal all in autobiography", The Telegraph, 16 January 2008
- ^ "George Michael shelves all 2011 tour dates due to illness | News". NME. UK. 15 September 2011. http://www.nme.com/news/george-michael/60622. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ "Good Tidings! George Michael Out of Hospital and Homeward Bound". E! Online. 22 December 2011. http://www.eonline.com/news/good_tidings_george_michael_out_of/282464?cmpid=rss-000000-rssfeed-365-topstories&utm_source=eonline&utm_medium=rssfeeds&utm_campaign=rss_topstories. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "George Michael: 'It was the worst month of my life'". BBC Mobile. 23 December 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-16316592. Retrieved 23 December 2011.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: George Michael |
- Official website
- George Michael at the Open Directory Project
- George Michael on Twitter
- George Michael's channel on YouTube
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Michael, George |
| Alternative names | Panagiotou, Georgios Kyriakos |
| Short description | English singer-songwriter, musician, producer |
| Date of birth | 25 June 1963 |
| Place of birth | Bushey, Hertfordshire, England |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the person. For her 1985 eponymous album, see Whitney Houston (album).
| Whitney Houston | |
|---|---|
 Whitney Houston performing at Good Morning America in Central Park on September 1, 2009 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Whitney Elizabeth Houston |
| Born | (1963-08-09)August 9, 1963 Newark, New Jersey, U.S. |
| Died | February 11, 2012(2012-02-11) (aged 48) Beverly Hills, California, U.S. |
| Genres | R&B, soul, pop, dance, gospel |
| Occupations | Singer, actress, model, film producer, record producer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano |
| Years active | 1977–2012 |
| Labels | Arista, RCA |
| Associated acts | Cissy Houston, Dionne Warwick, Dee Dee Warwick, Aretha Franklin, Jermaine Jackson, Mariah Carey, Enrique Iglesias, Bobby Brown |
| Website |
 Whitney Houston's autograph |
Whitney Elizabeth Houston (August 9, 1963 – February 11, 2012) was an American recording artist, actress, producer, and model. In 2009, the Guinness World Records cited her as the most-awarded female act of all-time.[1] Houston was one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 170 million albums, singles and videos worldwide.[2][3] She released seven studio albums and three movie soundtrack albums, all of which have diamond, multi-platinum, platinum or gold certification. Houston's crossover appeal on the popular music charts, as well as her prominence on MTV, starting with her video for "How Will I Know",[4] influenced several African American female artists to follow in her footsteps.[5][6]
Houston is the only artist to chart seven consecutive No. 1 Billboard Hot 100 hits.[7] She is the second artist behind Elton John and the only female artist to have two number-one Billboard 200 Album awards (formerly "Top Pop Album") on the Billboard magazine year-end charts.[8] Houston's 1985 debut album Whitney Houston became the best-selling debut album by a female act at the time of its release. The album was named Rolling Stone's best album of 1986, and was ranked at number 254 on Rolling Stone's list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[9] Her second studio album Whitney (1987) became the first album by a female artist to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart.[9]
Houston's first acting role was as the star of the feature film The Bodyguard (1992). The film's original soundtrack won the 1994 Grammy Award for Album of the Year. Its lead single "I Will Always Love You", became the best-selling single by a female artist in music history. With the album, Houston became the first act (solo or group, male or female) to sell more than a million copies of an album within a single week period under Nielsen SoundScan system.[9] The album makes her the top female act in the top 10 list of the best-selling albums of all time, at number four. Houston continued to star in movies and contribute to their soundtracks, including the films Waiting to Exhale (1995) and The Preacher's Wife (1996). The Preacher's Wife soundtrack became the best-selling gospel album in history.[10]
Contents
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Life and career[link]
1963–1976: Early life[link]
Whitney Houston was born in what was then a middle-income neighborhood in Newark, New Jersey, the second child of Army serviceman and entertainment executive John Russell Houston, Jr. (September 13, 1920 – February 2, 2003), and gospel singer Cissy Houston (née Emily Drinkard).[11] She was of African American, Native American and Dutch descent.[12] Her mother, along with cousins Dionne Warwick and Dee Dee Warwick, godmother Darlene Love[13] and honorary aunt Aretha Franklin[14] were all notable figures in the gospel, rhythm and blues, pop, and soul genres.[15] She met her honorary aunt at age 8, or 9, when her mother took her to a recording studio.[16] Houston was raised a Baptist, but was also exposed to the Pentecostal church. After the 1967 Newark riots, the family moved to a middle-class area in East Orange, New Jersey, when she was four.[17]
At the age of 11, Houston began to follow in her mother's footsteps and started performing as a soloist in the junior gospel choir at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, where she also learned to play the piano.[18] Her first solo performance in the church was "Guide Me, O Thou Great Jehovah".[19] When Houston was a teenager, she attended Mount Saint Dominic Academy, a Catholic girls' high school in Caldwell, New Jersey, where she met her best friend Robyn Crawford, whom she described as the "sister she never had".[20] While Houston was still in school, her mother continued to teach her how to sing.[5] In addition to her mother, Franklin, and Warwick, Houston was also exposed to the music of Chaka Khan, Gladys Knight, and Roberta Flack, most of whom would have an impact on her as a singer and performer.[21]
1977–1984: Early career[link]
Houston spent some of her teenage years touring nightclubs where her mother Cissy was performing, and she would occasionally get on stage and perform with her. In 1977, at age 14, she became a backup singer on the Michael Zager Band's single "Life's a Party".[22] In 1978, at age 15, Houston sang background vocals on Chaka Khan's hit single "I'm Every Woman", a song she would later turn into a larger hit for herself on her monster-selling The Bodyguard soundtrack album.[23][24] She also sang back-up on albums by Lou Rawls and Jermaine Jackson.[23]
In the early 1980s, Houston started working as a fashion model after a photographer saw her at Carnegie Hall singing with her mother. She appeared in Seventeen[25] and became one of the first women of color to grace the cover of the magazine.[26] She was also featured in layouts in the pages of Glamour, Cosmopolitan, Young Miss, and appeared in a Canada Dry soft drink TV commercial.[27] Her striking looks and girl-next-door charm made her one of the most sought after teen models of that time.[27] While modeling, she continued her burgeoning recording career by working with producers Michael Beinhorn, Bill Laswell and Martin Bisi on an album they were spearheading called One Down, which was credited to the group Material. For that project, Houston contributed the ballad "Memories", a cover of a song by Hugh Hopper of Soft Machine. Robert Christgau of The Village Voice called her contribution "one of the most gorgeous ballads you've ever heard".[28] She also appeared as a lead vocalist on one track on a Paul Jabara album, entitled Paul Jabara and Friends, released by Columbia Records in 1983.[29]
Houston had previously been offered several recording agencies (Michael Zager in 1980, and Elektra Records in 1981), however her mother declined the offers stating her daughter must first complete high school.[22][30] In 1983, Gerry Griffith, an A&R representative from Arista Records, saw her performing with her mother in a New York City nightclub and was impressed. He convinced Arista's head Clive Davis to make time to see Houston perform. Davis too was impressed and offered a worldwide recording contract which Houston signed. Later that year, she made her national televised debut alongside Davis on The Merv Griffin Show.[31]
Houston signed with Arista in 1983, but did not begin work on her album immediately.[1] The label wanted to make sure no other label signed the singer away. Davis wanted to ensure he had the right material and producers for Houston's debut album. Some producers had to pass on the project due to prior commitments.[32] Houston first recorded a duet with Teddy Pendergrass entitled "Hold Me" which appeared on his album, Love Language.[33] The single was released in 1984 and gave Houston her first taste of success, becoming a Top 5 R&B hit.[34] It would also appear on her debut album in 1985.
1985–1986: Rise to international prominence[link]
With production from Michael Masser, Kashif, Jermaine Jackson, and Narada Michael Walden, Houston's debut album Whitney Houston was released in February 1985. Rolling Stone magazine praised Houston, calling her "one of the most exciting new voices in years" while The New York Times called the album "an impressive, musically conservative showcase for an exceptional vocal talent".[35][36] Arista Records promoted Houston's album with three different singles from the album in the US, UK and other European countries. In the UK, the dance-funk "Someone for Me", which failed to chart in the country, was the first single while "All at Once" was in such European countries as the Netherlands and Belgium, where the song reached the top 5 on the singles charts, respectively.[37]
In the US, the soulful ballad "You Give Good Love" was chosen as the lead single from Houston's debut to establish her in the black marketplace first.[38] Outside the US, the song failed to get enough attention to become a hit, but in the US, it gave the album its first major hit as it peaked at No. 3 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart, and No. 1 on the Hot R&B chart.[32] As a result, the album began to sell strongly, and Houston continued promotion by touring nightclubs in the US. She also began performing on late-night television talk shows, which were not usually accessible to unestablished black acts. The jazzy ballad "Saving All My Love for You" was released next and it would become Houston's first No. 1 single in both the US and the UK. She was then an opening act for singer Jeffrey Osborne on his nationwide tour. "Thinking About You" was released as the promo single only to R&B-oriented radio stations, which peaked at number ten on the US R&B Chart. At the time, MTV had received harsh criticism for not playing enough videos by black, Latino, and other racial minorities while favoring white acts.[39] The third US single, "How Will I Know", peaked at No. 1 and introduced Houston to the MTV audience thanks to its video. Houston's subsequent singles from this, and future albums, would make her the first African-American female artist to receive consistent heavy rotation on MTV.[26]
By 1986, a year after its initial release, Whitney Houston topped the Billboard 200 albums chart and stayed there for 14 non-consecutive weeks.[40] The final single, "Greatest Love of All", became Houston's biggest hit at the time after peaking No. 1 and remaining there for three weeks on the Hot 100 chart, which made her debut the first album by a female artist to yield three No. 1 hits. Houston was No. 1 artist of the year and Whitney Houston was the No. 1 album of the year on the 1986 Billboard year-end charts, making her the first female artist to earn that distinction.[40] At the time, Houston released the best-selling debut album by a solo artist.[41] Houston then embarked on her world tour, Greatest Love Tour. The album had become an international success, and was certified 13× platinum (diamond) in the United States alone, and has sold a total of 25 million copies worldwide.[42]
At the 1986 Grammy Awards, Houston was nominated for three awards including Album of the Year.[43] She was not eligible for the Best New Artist category due to her previous hit R&B duet recording with Teddy Pendergrass in 1984.[44] She won her first Grammy award for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Female for "Saving All My Love for You".[45] Houston's performance of the song during the Grammy telecast later earned her an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Performance in a Variety or Music Program.[46]
Houston won seven American Music Awards in total in 1986 and 1987, and an MTV Video Music Award.[47][48] The album's popularity would also carry over to the 1987 Grammy Awards when "Greatest Love of All" would receive a Record of the Year nomination. Houston's debut album is listed as one of Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time and on The Rock & Roll Hall of Fame's Definitive 200 list.[49][50] Houston's grand entrance into the music industry is considered one of the 25 musical milestones of the last 25 years, according to USA Today.[51] Following Houston's breakthrough, doors were opened for other African-American female artists such as Janet Jackson and Anita Baker to find notable success in popular music and on MTV.[52][53]
[edit] 1987–1991: Whitney, I'm Your Baby Tonight and "The Star Spangled Banner"
With many expectations, Houston's second album, Whitney, was released in June 1987. The album again featured production from Masser, Kashif and Walden as well as Jellybean Benitez. Many critics complained that the material was too similar to her previous album. Rolling Stone said, "the narrow channel through which this talent has been directed is frustrating".[54] Still, the album enjoyed commercial success. Houston became the first female artist in music history to debut at number one on the Billboard 200 albums chart, and the first artist to enter the albums chart at number one in both the US and UK, while also hitting number one or top ten in dozens of other countries around the world. The album's first single, "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)", was also a massive hit worldwide, peaking at No. 1 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and topping the singles chart in many countries such as Australia, Germany and the UK. The next three singles, "Didn't We Almost Have It All", "So Emotional", and "Where Do Broken Hearts Go" all peaked at number one on the US Hot 100 chart, which gave her a total of seven consecutive number one hits, breaking the record of six previously shared by The Beatles and The Bee Gees.[55][56] Houston became the first female artist to generate four number-one singles from one album. Whitney has been certified 9× Platinum in the US for shipments of over 9 million copies, and has sold a total of 20 million copies worldwide.[57]
At the 30th Grammy Awards in 1988, Houston was nominated for three awards, including Album of the Year, winning her second Grammy for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance for "I Wanna Dance With Somebody (Who Loves Me)".[58][59] Houston also won two American Music Awards in 1988 and 1989, respectively, and a Soul Train Music Award.[60][61][62] Following the release of the album, Houston embarked on the Moment of Truth World Tour, which was one of the ten highest grossing concert tours of 1987.[63] The success of the tours during 1986–87 and her two studio albums ranked Houston No. 8 for the highest earning entertainers list according to Forbes magazine.[64] She was the highest earning African-American woman overall and the third highest entertainer after Bill Cosby and Eddie Murphy.[64]
Houston was a supporter of Nelson Mandela and the anti-apartheid movement. During her modeling days, the singer refused to work with any agencies who did business with the then-apartheid South Africa.[65][66] On June 11, 1988, during the European leg of her tour, Houston joined other musicians to perform a set at Wembley Stadium in London to celebrate a then-imprisoned Nelson Mandela's 70th birthday.[65] Over 72,000 people attended Wembley Stadium, and over a billion people tuned in worldwide as the rock concert raised over $1 million for charities while bringing awareness to apartheid.[67] Houston then flew back to the US for a concert at Madison Square Garden in New York City in August. The show was a benefit concert that raised a quarter of a million dollars for the United Negro College Fund.[68] In the same year, she recorded a song for NBC's coverage of the 1988 Summer Olympics, "One Moment in Time", which became a Top 5 hit in the US, while reaching number one in the UK and Germany.[69][70][71] With her world tour continuing overseas, Houston was still one of the top 20 highest earning entertainers for 1987–88 according to Forbes magazine.[72][73]
In 1989, Houston formed The Whitney Houston Foundation For Children, a non-profit organization that has raised funds for the needs of children around the world. The organization cares for homelessness, children with cancer or AIDS, and other issues of self-empowerment.[74] With the success of her first two albums, Houston was undoubtedly an international crossover superstar, the most prominent since Michael Jackson, appealing to all demographics. However, some black critics believed she was "selling out".[6] They felt her singing on record lacked the soul that was present during her live concerts.[25]
At the 1989 Soul Train Music Awards, when Houston's name was called out for a nomination, a few in the audience jeered.[75][76] Houston defended herself against the criticism, stating, "If you're gonna have a long career, there's a certain way to do it, and I did it that way. I'm not ashamed of it".[25] Houston took a more urban direction with her third studio album, I'm Your Baby Tonight, released in November 1990. She produced and chose producers for this album and as a result, it featured production and collaborations with L.A. Reid and Babyface, Luther Vandross, and Stevie Wonder. The album showed Houston's versatility on a new batch of tough rhythmic grooves, soulful ballads and up-tempo dance tracks. Reviews were mixed. Rolling Stone felt it was her "best and most integrated album".[77] while Entertainment Weekly, at the time thought Houston's shift towards an urban direction was "superficial".[78]
The album contained several hits: the first two singles, "I'm Your Baby Tonight" and "All the Man That I Need" peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart; "Miracle" peaked at number nine; "My Name Is Not Susan" peaked in the top twenty; "I Belong to You" reached the top ten of the US R&B chart and garnered Houston a Grammy nomination; and the sixth single, the Stevie Wonder duet "We Didn't Know", reached the R&B top twenty. The album peaked at number three on the Billboard 200 and went on to be certified 4× platinum in the US while selling twelve million total worldwide.
File:W. Houston & G. Bush at White house.jpg
Houston met with President George H. W. Bush in the Oval Office in 1990, while in Washington, D.C., to participate in the Youth Leadership Forum
In 1990, Houston was the spokesperson for a youth leadership conference hosted in Washington, D.C. She had a private audience with President George H. W. Bush in the Oval Office to discuss the associated challenges.
With America entangled in the Persian Gulf War, Houston performed "The Star Spangled Banner" at Super Bowl XXV at Tampa Stadium on January 27, 1991.[79] Due to overwhelming response to her rendition, it was released as a commercial single and video of her performance, and reached the Top 20 on the US Hot 100, making her the only act to turn the national anthem into a pop hit of that magnitude (Jose Feliciano's version reached No. 50 in November 1968).[80][81] Houston donated all her share of the proceeds to the American Red Cross Gulf Crisis Fund. As a result, the singer was named to the Red Cross Board of Governors.[79][82][83]
Her rendition was considered the benchmark for singers and critically acclaimed.[84] Rolling Stone commented that "her singing stirs such strong patriotism. Unforgettable", and the performance ranked No. 1 on the 25 most memorable music moments in NFL history list. VH1 listed the performance as one of the greatest moments that rocked TV.[85][86] Following the attacks on 9/11, it was released again by Arista Records, all profits going towards the firefighters and victims of the attacks. This time it peaked at No. 6 in the Hot 100 and was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[87]
Later in 1991, Houston put together her Welcome Home Heroes concert with HBO for the soldiers fighting in the Persian Gulf War and their families. The free concert took place at Naval Station Norfolk in Norfolk, Virginia in front of 3,500 servicemen and women. HBO descrambled the concert so that it was free for everyone to watch.[88] Houston's concert gave HBO its highest ratings ever.[89] She then embarked on the I'm Your Baby Tonight World Tour.
[edit] 1992–1994: Marriage to Bobby Brown and The Bodyguard
Throughout the 1980s, Houston was romantically linked to American football star Randall Cunningham and actor Eddie Murphy, whom she dated.[90] She then met R&B singer Bobby Brown at the 1989 Soul Train Music Awards. After a three-year courtship, the two were married on July 18, 1992.[91] On March 4, 1993, Houston gave birth to their daughter Bobbi Kristina Houston Brown, her only child, and his fourth. Brown would go on to have several run-ins with the law, including some jail time.[91]
With the commercial success of her albums, movie offers poured in, including offers to work with Robert De Niro, Quincy Jones, and Spike Lee; but Houston felt the time wasn't right.[90] Houston's first film role was in The Bodyguard, released in 1992 and co-starring Kevin Costner. Houston played Rachel Marron, a star who is stalked by a crazed fan and hires a bodyguard to protect her. USA Today listed it as one of the 25 most memorable movie moments of the last 25 years in 2007.[92] Houston's mainstream appeal allowed people to look at the movie color-blind.[93]
Still, controversy arose as some felt the film's advertising intentionally hid Houston's face to hide the film's interracial relationship. In an interview with Rolling Stone in 1993, the singer commented that "people know who Whitney Houston is – I'm black. You can't hide that fact."[21] Houston received a Razzie Award nomination for Worst Actress. The Washington Post said Houston is "doing nothing more than playing Houston, comes out largely unscathed if that is possible in so cockamamie an undertaking",[94] and The New York Times commented that she lacked passion with her co-star.[95] Despite the film's mixed reviews, it was hugely successful at the box office, grossing more than $121 million in the U.S. and $410 million worldwide, making it one of the top 100 grossing films in film history at its time of release, though it is no longer in the top 100 due to rising ticket prices since the time the film was released.[96]
The film's soundtrack also enjoyed big success. Houston executive produced and contributed six songs for the motion picture's adjoining soundtrack album. Rolling Stone said it is "nothing more than pleasant, tasteful and urbane".[97] The soundtrack's lead single was "I Will Always Love You", written and originally recorded by Dolly Parton in 1974. Houston's version of the song was acclaimed by many critics, regarding it as her "signature song" or "iconic performance". Rolling Stone and USA Today called her rendition "the tour-de-force".[98][99] The single peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for a then-record-breaking 14 weeks, number one on the R&B chart for a then-record-breaking 11 weeks, and number one on the Adult Contemporary charts for five weeks, thus becoming the first single to top those three charts simultaneously for five weeks.[100]
The single was certified 4× platinum by the RIAA, making Houston the first female artist with a single to reach that level in the RIAA history and becoming the best-selling single by a female artist in the US.[101][102][103] The song also became a global success, hitting number-one in almost all countries, and one of the best-selling singles of all time with 12 million copies sold.[104] The soundtrack topped the Billboard 200 chart and remained there for 20 non-consecutive weeks, the longest tenure by any album on the chart in the Nielsen SoundScan era, and became one of the fastest selling albums ever.[105] During Christmas week of 1992, the soundtrack sold over a million copies within a week, becoming the first album to achieve that feat under Nielsen SoundScan system.[106][107] With the follow-up singles "I'm Every Woman", a Chaka Khan cover, and "I Have Nothing" both reaching the top five, Houston became the first female artist to ever have three singles in the Top 11 simultaneously.[108][109][110] The album was certified 17× platinum in the US alone,[111] with worldwide sales of 44 million,[112] making The Bodyguard the biggest-selling album by a female act on the list of the world's Top 10 best-selling albums, topping Shania Twain's 40 million sold for Come On Over.[113]
Houston won three Grammys for the album in 1994, including two of the Academy's highest honors, Album of the Year and Record of the Year. In addition, she won a record 8 American Music Awards at that year's ceremony including the Award of Merit,[114] 11 Billboard Music Awards, 3 Soul Train Music Awards in 1993–94 including Sammy Davis, Jr. Award as Entertainer of the Year,[115] 5 NAACP Image Awards including Entertainer of the Year,[116][117][118] a record 5 World Music Awards,[119] and a BRIT award.[120] Following the success of the project, Houston embarked on another expansive global tour, The Bodyguard World Tour, in 1993–94. Her concerts, movie, and recording grosses made her the third highest earning female entertainer of 1993–94, just behind Oprah Winfrey and Barbra Streisand according to Forbes magazine.[121] Houston placed in the top five of Entertainment Weekly's annual "Entertainer of the Year" ranking[122] and was labeled by Premiere magazine as one of the 100 most powerful people in Hollywood.[123]
In October 1994, Houston attended and performed at a state dinner in the White House honoring newly elected South African president Nelson Mandela.[124][125] At the end of her world tour, Houston performed three concerts in South Africa to honor President Mandela, playing to over 200,000 people. This would make the singer the first major musician to visit the newly unified and apartheid free nation following Mandela's winning election.[126] The concert was broadcast live on HBO with funds of the concerts being donated to various charities in South Africa. The event was considered the nation's "biggest media event since the inauguration of Nelson Mandela".[127]
[edit] 1995–1997: Waiting to Exhale, The Preacher's Wife, and Cinderella
In 1995, Houston starred alongside Angela Bassett, Loretta Devine, and Lela Rochon in her second film Waiting to Exhale, a motion picture about four African-American women struggling with relationships. Houston played the lead character Savannah Jackson, a TV producer in love with a married man. She chose the role because she saw the film as "a breakthrough for the image of black women because it presents them both as professionals and as caring mothers".[128] After opening at number one and grossing $67 million in the US at the box office and $81 million worldwide,[129] it proved that a movie primarily targeting a black audience can cross over to success, while paving the way for other all-black movies such as How Stella Got Her Groove Back and the Tyler Perry movies that have become popular in the 2000s.[130][131][132] The film is also notable for its portrayal of black women as strong middle class citizens as opposed to stereotypes.[133] The reviews were mainly positive for the ensemble cast. The New York Times said "Ms. Houston has shed the defensive hauteur that made her portrayal of a pop star in 'The Bodyguard' seem so distant."[134] Houston was nominated for an NAACP Image Award for "Outstanding Actress In A Motion Picture", but lost to her co-star Bassett.
The film's accompanying soundtrack, Waiting to Exhale: Original Soundtrack Album, was produced by Houston and Babyface. Though Babyface originally wanted Houston to record the entire album, she declined. Instead, she "wanted it to be an album of women with vocal distinction", and thus gathered several African-American female artists for the soundtrack, to go along with the film's strong women message.[128] As a result, the album featured a range of contemporary R&B female recording artists along with Houston, such as Mary J Blige, Aretha Franklin, Toni Braxton, Patti Labelle, and Brandy. Houston's "Exhale (Shoop Shoop)" peaked at No. 1, and then spent a record eleven weeks at the No. 2 spot and eight weeks on top of the R&B Charts. "Count On Me", a duet with CeCe Winans, hit the US Top 10; and Houston's third contribution, "Why Does It Hurt So Bad", made the Top 30. The album debuted at No. 1, and was certified 7× Platinum in the United States, denoting shipments of seven million copies.[57] The soundtrack received strong reviews as Entertainment Weekly said "the album goes down easy, just as you'd expect from a package framed by Whitney Houston tracks.... the soundtrack waits to exhale, hovering in sensuous suspense"[135] and has since ranked it as one of the 100 Best Movie Soundtracks.[136] Later that year, Houston's children's charity organization was awarded a VH1 Honor for all the charitable work.[137]
In 1996, Houston starred in the holiday comedy The Preacher's Wife, with Denzel Washington. She plays a gospel-singing wife of a pastor (Courtney B. Vance). It was largely an updated remake of the 1948 film "The Bishop's Wife" which starred Loretta Young, David Niven and Cary Grant. Houston earned $10 million for the role, making her one of the highest-paid actresses in Hollywood at the time and the highest earning African American actress in Hollywood.[138] The movie, with its all African-American cast, was a moderate success, earning approximately $50 million at the U.S. box offices.[139] The movie gave Houston her strongest reviews so far. The San Francisco Chronicle said Houston "is rather angelic herself, displaying a divine talent for being virtuous and flirtatious at the same time" and that she "exudes gentle yet spirited warmth, especially when praising the Lord in her gorgeous singing voice".[140] Houston was again nominated for an NAACP Image Award and won for Outstanding Actress In A Motion Picture.
Houston recorded and co-produced, with Mervyn Warren, the film's accompanying gospel soundtrack. The Preacher's Wife: Original Soundtrack Album included six gospel songs with Georgia Mass Choir that were recorded at the Great Star Rising Baptist Church in Atlanta. Houston also duetted with gospel legend Shirley Caesar. The album sold six million copies worldwide and scored hit singles with "I Believe in You and Me" and "Step by Step", becoming the largest selling gospel album of all time. The album received mainly positive reviews. Some critics, such as that of USA Today, noted the presence of her emotional depth,[141] while The Times said "To hear Houston going at full throttle with the 35 piece Georgia Mass Choir struggling to keep up is to realise what her phenomenal voice was made for".[142]
In 1997, Houston's production company changed its name to BrownHouse Productions and was joined by Debra Martin Chase. Their goal was "to show aspects of the lives of African-Americans that have not been brought to the screen before" while improving how African-Americans are portrayed in film and television.[143] Their first project was a made-for-television remake of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella. In addition to co-producing, Houston starred in the movie as the Fairy Godmother along with Brandy, Jason Alexander, Whoopi Goldberg, and Bernadette Peters. Houston was initially offered the role of Cinderella in 1993, but other projects intervened.[144] The film is notable for its multi-racial cast and nonstereotypical message.[145] An estimated 60 million viewers tuned into the special giving ABC its highest TV ratings in 16 years.[146] The movie received seven Emmy nominations including Outstanding Variety, Musical or Comedy, while winning Outstanding Art Direction in a Variety, Musical or Comedy Special.[147]
Houston and Chase then obtained the rights to the story of Dorothy Dandridge. Houston was to play Dandridge, who was the first African American actress to be nominated for an Oscar. She wanted the story told with dignity and honor.[143] However, Halle Berry also had rights to the project and she got her version going first.[148] Later that year, Houston paid tribute to her idols such as Aretha Franklin, Diana Ross, and Dionne Warwick by performing their hits during the three-night HBO Concert Classic Whitney, live from Washington, D.C. The special raised over $300,000 for the Children's Defense Fund.[149] Houston received The Quincy Jones Award for outstanding career achievements in the field of entertainment at the 12th Soul Train Music Awards.[150][151]
[edit] 1998–2000: My Love Is Your Love and Whitney: The Greatest Hits
After spending much of the early and mid 1990s working on motion pictures and their soundtrack albums, Houston's first studio album in eight years, the critically acclaimed My Love Is Your Love, was released in November 1998. Though originally slated to be a greatest hits album with a handful of new songs, recording sessions were so fruitful that a new full-length studio album was released. Recorded and mixed in only six weeks, it featured production from Rodney Jerkins, Wyclef Jean and Missy Elliott. The album debuted at number thirteen, its peak position, on the Billboard 200 chart.[152] It had a funkier and edgier sound than past releases and saw Houston handling urban dance, hip hop, mid-tempo R&B, reggae, torch songs, and ballads all with great dexterity.[153]
From late 1998 to early 2000, the album spawned several hit singles: "When You Believe" (US No. 15, UK No. 4), a duet with Mariah Carey for 1998's The Prince of Egypt soundtrack, which also became an international hit as it peaked in the Top 10 in several countries and won an Academy Award for Best Original Song;[154] "Heartbreak Hotel" (US No. 2, UK No. 25) featured Faith Evans and Kelly Price, received a 1999 MTV VMA nomination for Best R&B Video,[155] and number one on the US R&B chart for seven weeks; "It's Not Right But It's Okay" (US No. 4, UK No. 3) won Houston her sixth Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance;[156] "My Love Is Your Love" (US No. 4, UK No. 2) with 3 million copies sold worldwide;[157] and "I Learned from the Best" (US No. 27, UK No. 19).[158][159] These singles became international hits as well, and all the singles, except "When You Believe", became number one hits on the Billboard Hot Dance/Club Play chart. The album sold four million copies in America, making it certified 4× platinum, and a total of eleven million copies worldwide.[42]
The album gave Houston some of her strongest reviews ever. Rolling Stone said Houston was singing "with a bite in her voice"[160] and The Village Voice called it "Whitney's sharpest and most satisfying so far".[161] In 1999, Houston participated in VH-1's Divas Live '99, alongside Brandy, Mary J. Blige, Tina Turner, and Cher. The same year, Houston hit the road with her 70 date My Love Is Your Love World Tour. The European leg of the tour was Europe's highest grossing arena tour of the year.[162] In November 1999, Houston was named Top-selling R&B Female Artist of the Century with certified US sales of 51 million copies at the time and The Bodyguard Soundtrack was named the Top-selling Soundtrack Album of the Century by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).[163] She also won The Artist of the Decade, Female award for extraordinary artistic contributions during the 1990s at the 14th Soul Train Music Awards, and an MTV Europe Music Award for Best R&B.[164][165][166][167][168]
In May 2000, Whitney: The Greatest Hits was released worldwide. The double disc set peaked at number five in the United States, reaching number one in the United Kingdom.[159][169] In addition, the album reached the Top 10 in many other countries.[170] While ballad songs were left unchanged, the album features house/club remixes of many of Houston's up-tempo hits. Included on the album were four new songs: "Could I Have This Kiss Forever" (a duet with Enrique Iglesias), "Same Script, Different Cast" (a duet with Deborah Cox), "If I Told You That" (a duet with George Michael), and "Fine", and three hits that had never appeared on a Houston album: "One Moment in Time", "The Star Spangled Banner", and "If You Say My Eyes Are Beautiful", a duet with Jermaine Jackson from his 1986 Precious Moments album.[171] Along with the album, an accompanying VHS and DVD was released featuring the music videos to Houston's greatest hits, as well as several hard-to-find live performances including her 1983 debut on The Merv Griffin Show, and interviews.[172] The greatest hits album was certified 3× platinum in the US, with worldwide sales of 10 million.[173][174]
[edit] 2000–2005: Just Whitney, and personal struggles
Though Houston was seen as a "good girl" with a perfect image in the 1980s and early 1990s, by the late 1990s, her behavior changed. She was often hours late for interviews, photo shoots and rehearsals, and canceling concerts and talk-show appearances.[175][176] With the missed performances and weight loss, rumors about Houston using drugs with her husband circulated. On January 11, 2000, airport security guards discovered marijuana in both Houston's and husband Bobby Brown's luggage at a Hawaii airport, but the two boarded the plane and departed before authorities could arrive. Charges were later dropped against them,[177] but rumors of drug usage between the couple would continue to surface. Two months later, Clive Davis was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame. Houston had been scheduled to perform at the event, but failed to show up.[178]
Shortly thereafter, Houston was scheduled to perform at the Academy Awards but was fired from the event by musical director and longtime friend Burt Bacharach. Her publicist cited throat problems as the reason for the cancellation. In his book The Big Show: High Times and Dirty Dealings Backstage at the Academy Awards, author Steve Pond revealed that "Houston's voice was shaky, she seemed distracted and jittery, and her attitude was casual, almost defiant", and that while Houston was to sing "Over the Rainbow", she would start singing a different song.[179] Houston later admitted to having been fired.[180] Later that year, Houston's long-time executive assistant and friend, Robyn Crawford, resigned from Houston's management company.[178]
In August 2001, Houston signed the biggest record deal in music history with Arista/BMG. She renewed her contract for $100 million to deliver six new albums, on which she would also earn royalties.[181][182][183] She later made an appearance on Michael Jackson: 30th Anniversary Special. Her extremely thin frame further spurred rumors of drug use. Houston's publicist said, "Whitney has been under stress due to family matters, and when she is under stress she doesn't eat."[184] The singer was scheduled for a second performance the following night but canceled.[185] Within weeks, Houston's rendition of "The Star Spangled Banner" would be re-released after the September 11 attacks, with the proceeds donated to the New York Firefighters 9/11 Disaster Relief Fund and the New York Fraternal Order of Police.[186] The song peaked at No. 6 this time on the US Hot 100, topping its previous position.[158]
In 2002, Houston became involved in a legal dispute with John Houston Enterprise. Although the company was started by her father to manage her career, it was actually run by company president Kevin Skinner. Skinner filed a breach-of-contract lawsuit and sued for $100 million (but lost), stating that Houston owed the company previously unpaid compensation for helping to negotiate her $100 million contract with Arista Records and for sorting out legal matters.[187] Houston stated that her 81-year-old father had nothing to do with the lawsuit. Although Skinner tried to claim otherwise, John Houston never appeared in court.[188] Houston's father later died in February 2003.[189] The lawsuit was dismissed on April 5, 2004, and Skinner was awarded nothing.[190]
Also in 2002, Houston did an interview with Diane Sawyer to promote her then-upcoming album. The interview was the highest-rated television interview in history.[citation needed] During the prime-time special, Houston spoke on topics including rumored drug use and marriage. She was asked about the ongoing drug rumors and replied, "First of all, let's get one thing straight. Crack is cheap. I make too much money to ever smoke crack. Let's get that straight. Okay? We don't do crack. We don't do that. Crack is wack."[180] The line was from Keith Haring's mural which was painted in 1986 on the handball court at 128th Street and 2nd Avenue.[191] Houston did, however, admit to using other substances at times, including cocaine.[180]
In December 2002, Houston released her fifth studio album, Just Whitney.... The album included productions from then-husband Bobby Brown, as well as Missy Elliott and Babyface, and marked the first time that Houston did not produce with Clive Davis as Davis had been released by top management at BMG. Upon its release, Just Whitney... received mixed reviews.[192] The album debuted at number 9 on the Billboard 200 chart and it had the highest first week sales of any album Houston had ever released.[193] The four singles released from the album, didn't fare well on the Billboard Hot 100, but became Hot Dance Club Play hits. Just Whitney... was certified platinum in the United States, and sold approximately three million worldwide.[194]
On a June 2003 trip to Israel, Houston said of her visit, "I've never felt like this in any other country. I feel at home, I feel wonderful."[195]
In late 2003, Houston released her first Christmas album One Wish: The Holiday Album, with a collection of traditional holiday songs. Houston produced the album with Mervyn Warren and Gordon Chambers. A single titled "One Wish (for Christmas)" reached the Top 20 on the Adult Contemporary chart, and the album was certified gold in the US. Having always been a touring artist, Houston spent most of 2004 touring and performing in Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Russia. In September 2004, she gave a surprise performance at the World Music Awards in a tribute to long time friend Clive Davis. After the show, Davis and Houston announced plans to go into studio to work on her new album.[196]
In early 2004, husband Bobby Brown starred in his own reality TV program, Being Bobby Brown (on the Bravo network), which provided a view into the domestic goings-on in the Brown household. Though it was Brown's vehicle, Houston was a prominent figure throughout the show, receiving as much screen time as Brown. The series aired in 2005 and featured Houston in, what some would say, not her most flattering moments. The Hollywood Reporter said it was "undoubtedly the most disgusting and execrable series ever to ooze its way onto television."[197] Despite the perceived train-wreck nature of the show, the series gave Bravo its highest ratings in its time slot and continued Houston's successful forays into film and television.[198] The show was not renewed for a second season after Houston stated that she would no longer appear in it, and Brown and Bravo could not come to an agreement for another season.[199]
[edit] 2006–2012: Return to music, I Look to You, tour and film comeback
After years of controversy and turmoil, Houston separated from Bobby Brown in September 2006, filing for divorce the following month.[200] On February 1, 2007, Houston asked the court to fast track their divorce.[201] The divorce was finalized on April 24, 2007, with Houston granted custody of the couple's daughter.[202] On May 4, Houston sold the suburban Atlanta home featured in Being Bobby Brown for $1.19 million.[203] A few days later, Brown sued Houston in Orange County, California court in an attempt to change the terms of their custody agreement. Brown also sought child and spousal support from Houston. In the lawsuit, Brown claimed that financial and emotional problems prevented him from properly responding to Houston's divorce petition.[204] Brown lost at his court hearing as the judge dismissed his appeal to overrule the custody terms, leaving Houston with full custody and Brown with no spousal support.[205] In March 2007, Clive Davis of Arista Records announced that Houston would begin recording a new album.[206] In October 2007, Arista released another compilation The Ultimate Collection outside the United States.[207]
Houston gave her first interview in seven years in September 2009, appearing on Oprah Winfrey's season premiere. The interview was billed as "the most anticipated music interview of the decade".[208] Whitney admitted on the show to using drugs with former husband Bobby Brown, who "laced marijuana with rock cocaine".[209] By 1996, she told Oprah, "[doing drugs] was an everyday thing... I wasn't happy by that point in time. I was losing myself."[210]
Houston released her new album, I Look to You, in August 2009.[211] The album's first two singles are "I Look to You" and "Million Dollar Bill". The album entered the Billboard 200 at No. 1, with Houston's best opening-week sales of 305,000 copies, marking Houston's first number one album since The Bodyguard, and Houston's first studio album to reach number one since 1987's Whitney. Houston also appeared on European television programs to promote the album. She performed the song "I Look to You" on the German television show Wetten, dass..?. Three days later, she performed the worldwide first single from I Look To You, Million Dollar Bill, on the French television show Le Grand Journal. Houston appeared as guest mentor on The X Factor in the United Kingdom. She performed "Million Dollar Bill" on the following day's results show, completing the song even as a strap in the back of her dress popped open two minutes into the performance. She later commented that she "sang [herself] out of [her] clothes".
The performance was poorly received by the British media, and was variously described as "weird" and "ungracious",[212] "shambolic"[213] and a "flop". Despite this reception, "Million Dollar Bill" jumped to its peak from 14 to number 5 (her first UK top 5 for over a decade), and three weeks after release "I Look to You" went gold. Houston appeared on the Italian version of The X Factor, performing the same song "Million Dollar Bill" to excellent reviews.[214] She was awarded the Gold Certificate for achieving over 50,000 CD sales of "I Look To You" in Italy.[215] In November, Houston performed "I Didn't Know My Own Strength" at the 2009 American Music Awards in Los Angeles, California. Two days later, Houston performed both songs on the Dancing With The Stars season 9 finale. As of December 2009, "I Look to You" has been certified platinum by the RIAA for sales of more than one million copies in the United States.[216] On January 26, 2010, her debut album was re-released in a special edition entitled Whitney Houston – The Deluxe Anniversary Edition.[217]
Houston later embarked on a world tour, entitled the Nothing but Love World Tour. It was her first world tour in over ten years and was announced as a triumphant comeback. However, some poor reviews and rescheduled concerts brought some negative media attention.[218][219] Houston canceled some concerts due to illness and received widespread negative reviews from fans who were disappointed in the quality of her voice and performance. Some fans reportedly walked out of her concerts.[220]
In January 2010, Houston was nominated for two NAACP Image Awards, one for Best Female Artist and one for Best Music Video. She won the award for Best Music Video for her single "I Look to You". On January 16, she received The BET Honors Award for Entertainer citing her lifetime achievements spanning over 25 years in the industry. The 2010 BET Honors award was held at the Warner Theatre in Washington, D.C. and aired on February 1, 2010. Jennifer Hudson and Kim Burrell performed in honor of her, garnering positive reviews. Houston also received a nomination from the Echo Awards, Germany's version of the Grammys, for Best International Artist. In April 2010, the UK newspaper The Mirror reported that Houston was thinking about recording her eighth studio album and wanted to collaborate with will.i.am (of The Black Eyed Peas), her first choice for a collaboration.[221]
Houston also performed the song "I Look to You" on the 2011 BET Celebration of Gospel, with gospel–jazz singer Kim Burrell, held at the Staples Center, Los Angeles. The performance aired on January 30, 2011. Early in 2011, she gave an uneven performance in tribute to cousin Dionne Warwick at music mogul Clive Davis' annual pre-Grammy gala. In May 2011, Houston enrolled in a rehabilitation center again, as an out-patient, citing drug and alcohol problems. A representative for Houston said that it was a part of Houston's "longstanding recovery process".[222]
In September 2011, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Houston would produce and star alongside Jordin Sparks and Mike Epps in the remake of the 1976 film Sparkle. In the film, Houston portrays Sparks' "not-so encouraging mother". Houston would have executive producer credits on top of acting credits according to Debra Martin Chase, producer of Sparkle. She stated that Houston deserved the title considering she had been there from the beginning in 2001, when Houston obtained Sparkle production rights. R&B singer Aaliyah – originally tapped to star as Sparkle – died in a 2001 plane crash. Her death derailed production, which would have begun in 2002.[223][224][225] Houston's remake of Sparkle was filmed in the fall of 2011,[226] and is set for release by TriStar Pictures in August 2012.[227]
Death[link]
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Wikinews has related news: American pop star Whitney Houston dies at 48 |
On February 9, 2012, Houston visited singers Brandy and Monica, together with Clive Davis, at their rehearsals for Davis' pre-Grammy Awards party at the Beverly Hilton Hotel in Beverly Hills.[228][229] That same day, she made her last public performance, when she joined Kelly Price on stage in Hollywood, California, and sang "Jesus Loves Me".[230][231]
On February 11, 2012, Houston was found dead in suite 434 at the Beverly Hilton Hotel, submerged in the bathtub.[232][233] The cause of death was not immediately known.[234][235] It was later ruled by the coroner to have been an "accidental drowning".[236] Beverly Hills paramedics arrived at approximately 3:30 p.m. and found the singer unresponsive and performed CPR. Houston was pronounced dead at 3:55 p.m. PST.[234][237] Local police said there were "no obvious signs of criminal intent."[238] On March 22, 2012, the Los Angeles County coroner's office reported the cause of Houston's death was drowning and the "effects of atherosclerotic heart disease and cocaine use".[239] The office stated the amount of cocaine found in Houston's body indicated that she used the substance shortly before her death.[240] Toxicology results revealed additional drugs in her system: Benadryl, Xanax, marijuana and Flexiril.[241] The manner of death was listed as an "accident".[242]
Houston had an invitation-only memorial on Saturday, February 18, 2012, at the New Hope Baptist Church in Newark, New Jersey. The service was scheduled for two hours, but lasted for four hours.[243] Among those who performed at the funeral were Stevie Wonder (rewritten version of "Ribbon in the Sky," and "Love's in Need of Love Today"), CeCe Winans ("Don't Cry" and "Jesus Loves Me"), Alicia Keys ("Send Me an Angel"), Kim Burrell (rewritten version of "A Change Is Gonna Come") and R. Kelly ("I Look to You"), interspersed with hymns by the church choir and remarks by Clive Davis, Houston’s record producer; Kevin Costner; Ricky Minor her music director; her cousin Dionne Warwick and Ray Watson, her security guard for the past 11 years. Aretha Franklin was listed on the program and was expected to sing, but was unable to attend the service.[244][245] Bobby Brown, Houston's ex-husband, was also invited to the funeral but he left before the service began.[246] Houston was buried on Sunday, February 19, 2012, in Fairview Cemetery, in Westfield, New Jersey next to her father, John Russell Houston, who died in 2003.[247]
Reaction[link]
The Clive Davis' pre-Grammy party that Houston was expected to attend, and that featured many of the biggest names in music and movies, went on as scheduled although it was quickly turned into a tribute to Houston. Davis spoke about Houston's death at the evening's start: "By now you have all learned of the unspeakably tragic news of our beloved Whitney's passing. I don't have to mask my emotion in front of a room full of so many dear friends. I am personally devastated by the loss of someone who has meant so much to me for so many years. Whitney was so full of life. She was so looking forward to tonight even though she wasn't scheduled to perform. Whitney was a beautiful person and a talent beyond compare. She graced this stage with her regal presence and gave so many memorable performances here over the years. Simply put, Whitney would have wanted the music to go on and her family asked that we carry on."[248]
Tony Bennett spoke of Houston's death before performing at Davis' party. He said, "First, it was Michael Jackson, then Amy Winehouse, now, the magnificent Whitney Houston". Bennett sang "How Do You Keep the Music Playing?" and said of Houston, "When I first heard her, I called Clive Davis and said, 'You finally found the greatest singer I've ever heard in my life.'"[249]
Some celebrities opposed Davis' decision to continue on the party while a police investigation was being conducted in Houston's hotel room and her body was still in the building. Chaka Khan, in an interview with CNN's Piers Morgan on February 13, 2012, shared that she felt the party should have been canceled, saying "I thought that was complete insanity. And knowing Whitney I don't believe that she would have said 'the show must go on.' She's the kind of woman that would've said 'Stop everything! Un-unh. I'm not going to be there.' [...] I don't know what could motivate a person to have a party in a building where the person whose life he had influenced so enormously and whose life had been affected by hers. They were like... I don't understand how that party went on."[250] Sharon Osbourne condemned the Davis party, declaring "I think it was disgraceful that the party went on. I don't want to be in a hotel room when there's someone you admire who's tragically lost their life four floors up. I'm not interested in being in that environment and I think when you grieve someone, you do it privately, you do it with people who understand you. I thought it was so wrong."[251]
Several other celebrities released statements responding to Houston's death. Dolly Parton, whose song "I Will Always Love You" was covered by Houston, said, "I will always be grateful and in awe of the wonderful performance she did on my song and I can truly say from the bottom of my heart, 'Whitney, I will always love you. You will be missed'." Aretha Franklin said, "It's so stunning and unbelievable. I couldn't believe what I was reading coming across the TV screen."[252] Mariah Carey said, "Heartbroken and in tears over the shocking death of my friend ... She will never be forgotten as one of the greatest voices to ever grace the earth."[253] Oprah Winfrey, who did an in-depth interview with Houston in 2009, wrote on Twitter "To me Whitney was THE VOICE. We got to hear a part of God every time she sang. Heart is heavy, spirit grateful for the GIFT of her."[254] Quincy Jones said, "I am absolutely heartbroken at the news of Whitney’s passing. Ashford & Simpson first made me aware of Whitney when she was just sixteen, and I always regretted not having had the opportunity to work with her. She was a true original and a talent beyond compare. I will miss her terribly."[253]
Moments after news of her death emerged, CNN, MSNBC and Fox News all broke from their regularly scheduled programming to dedicate time to non-stop coverage of Houston's death. All three featured live interviews with people who knew Houston including those that have worked with her, interviewed her along with some of her peers in the music industry. Saturday Night Live displayed a photo of a smiling Houston, alongside Molly Shannon, from her 1996 appearance.[255][256] MTV and VH-1 interrupted their regularly scheduled programming on Sunday February 12 to air many of Houston's classic videos with MTV often airing news segments in between and featuring various reactions from fans and celebrities.
Houston's former husband, Bobby Brown, was reported to be "in and out of crying fits" since receiving the news. He did not cancel a scheduled performance and within hours of his ex-wife's sudden death, an audience in Mississippi observed as Brown blew kisses skyward, tearfully saying: "I love you, Whitney".[257]
Ken Ehrlich, executive producer of the 54th Grammy Awards, announced that Jennifer Hudson would perform a tribute to Houston at the February 12, 2012, awards. He said "event organizers believed Hudson – an Academy Award-winning actress and Grammy Award-winning artist – could perform a respectful musical tribute to Houston". Ehrlich went on to say: "It's too fresh in everyone's memory to do more at this time, but we would be remiss if we didn't recognize Whitney's remarkable contribution to music fans in general, and in particular her close ties with the Grammy telecast and her Grammy wins and nominations over the years".[258] At the start of the awards ceremony, a footage of Houston performing "I Will Always Love You" from 1994 Grammys was shown following a prayer read by host, LL Cool J. Later in the program following a montage of photos of musicians who died in 2011 with Houston singing "Saving All My Love for You" at the 1986 Grammys, Hudson paid tribute to Houston and the other artists by performing "I Will Always Love You".[259][260]
Houston was honored in the form of various tributes at the 43rd NAACP Image Awards, held on February 17. A image montage of Houston and important black figures who died in 2011 was followed by video footage from the 1994 ceremony, which depicted her accepting two Image Awards for outstanding female artist and entertainer of the year. Following the video tribute, Yolanda Adams delivered a rendition of "I Love the Lord" from The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack. In the finale of the ceremony, Kirk Franklin and The Family started their performance with "Greatest Love of All."[261] The 2012 BRIT Awards, which took place at London's O2 Arena on February 21, also paid tribute to Houston by playing a 30-second-video montage of her music videos with a snippet of "One Moment in Time" as the background music in the ceremony's first segment.[262] New Jersey Governor Chris Christie said that all New Jersey state flags would be flown at half-staff on Tuesday, February 21 to honor Houston.[263] Accompanied by Esperanza Spalding belting out "What a Wonderful World" along with the Southern California Children's Choir, Houston was featured in the In Memoriam montage alongside other cinema greats at the 84th Academy Awards, held at the Hollywood and Highland Center on February 26, 2012.[264][265]
Artistry and legacy[link]
Voice[link]
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One of Houston's best selling singles worldwide and recognized songs, "I Will Always Love You" prominently uses melismas.
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Houston was a mezzo-soprano,[266][267] and was commonly referred to as "The Voice" in reference to her exceptional vocal talent.[268] Her vocal range extended from G below middle C (G3) to high B-flat (B♭5); she could belt out to treble F (F5).[269] She was third in MTV's list of 22 Greatest Voices,[270] and sixth on Online Magazine COVE's list of the 100 Best Pop Vocalists with a score of 48.5/50.[271] In 2008, Rolling Stone listed Houston as the thirty-fourth of the 100 greatest singers of all time, stating, "Her voice is a mammoth, coruscating cry: Few vocalists could get away with opening a song with 45 unaccompanied seconds of singing, but Houston's powerhouse version of Dolly Parton's 'I Will Always Love You' is a tour de force."[98] Matthew Perpetua from Rolling Stone also eulogized Houston's vocal, enumerating ten performances, including "How Will I Know" from the 1986 MTV VMAs and "The Star Spangled Banner" at the 1991 Super Bowl. "Whitney Houston was blessed with an astonishing vocal range and extraordinary technical skill, but what truly made her a great singer was her ability to connect with a song and drive home its drama and emotion with incredible precision," he stated. "She was a brilliant performer, and her live shows often eclipsed her studio recordings."[272]
Jon Caramanica of The New York Times commented, "Her voice was clean and strong, with barely any grit, well suited to the songs of love and aspiration. [...] Hers was a voice of triumph and achievement, and it made for any number of stunning, time-stopping vocal performances."[273] Mariah Carey stated, "She [Whitney] has a really rich, strong mid-belt that very few people have. She sounds really good, really strong."[274] While in her review of I Look to You, music critic Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times writes, "[Houston's voice] stands like monuments upon the landscape of 20th century pop, defining the architecture of their times, sheltering the dreams of millions and inspiring the climbing careers of countless imitators", adding "When she was at her best, nothing could match her huge, clean, cool mezzo-soprano".[267]
Lauren Everitt from BBC News Magazine commented on melisma used in Houston's recording and its influence. "An early 'I' in Whitney Houston's 'I Will Always Love You' takes nearly six seconds to sing. In those seconds the former gospel singer-turned-pop star packs a series of different notes into the single syllable," stated Everitt. "The technique is repeated throughout the song, most pronouncedly on every 'I' and 'you'. The vocal technique is called melisma, and it has inspired a host of imitators. Other artists may have used it before Houston, but it was her rendition of Dolly Parton's love song that pushed the technique into the mainstream in the 90s. [...] But perhaps what Houston nailed best was moderation." Everitt said that "[i]n a climate of reality shows ripe with 'oversinging', it's easy to appreciate Houston's ability to save melisma for just the right moment".[275]
Houston's vocal stylings have had a significant impact on the music industry. She has been called the "Queen of Pop" for her influence during the 1990s, commercially rivaling Mariah Carey and Celine Dion.[276] Stephen Holden from The New York Times, in his review of Houston's Radio City Music Hall concert on July 20, 1993, praised her attitude as a singer, writing, "Whitney Houston is one of the few contemporary pop stars of whom it might be said: the voice suffices. While almost every performer whose albums sell in the millions calls upon an entertainer's bag of tricks, from telling jokes to dancing to circus pyrotechnics, Ms. Houston would rather just stand there and sing." With regard to her singing style, he added: "Her [Houston's] stylistic trademarks – shivery melismas that ripple up in the middle of a song, twirling embellishments at the ends of phrases that suggest an almost breathless exhilaration – infuse her interpretations with flashes of musical and emotional lightning."[277]
Elysa Gardner of the Los Angeles Times in her review for The Preacher's Wife Soundtrack praised Houston's vocal ability highly, commenting, "She is first and foremost a pop diva – at that, the best one we have. No other female pop star – not Mariah Carey, not Celine Dion, not Barbra Streisand – quite rivals Houston in her exquisite vocal fluidity and purity of tone, and her ability to infuse a lyric with mesmerizing melodrama."[278]
Influence[link]
During the 1980s, MTV was coming into its own and received criticism for not playing enough videos by black artists. With Michael Jackson breaking down the color barrier for black male artists, Houston did the same for black female artists. She became the first black female artist to receive heavy rotation on the network following the success of the "How Will I Know" video.[279] Following Houston's breakthrough, other African-American female artists, such as Janet Jackson and Anita Baker, were successful in popular music.[52][53] Baker commented that "Because of what Whitney and Sade did, there was an opening for me... For radio stations, black women singers aren't taboo anymore."[280]
Allmusic noted her contribution to the success of black artists on the pop scene, commenting, "Houston was able to handle big adult contemporary ballads, effervescent, stylish dance-pop, and slick urban contemporary soul with equal dexterity" and that "the result was an across-the-board appeal that was matched by scant few artists of her era, and helped her become one of the first black artists to find success on MTV in Michael Jackson's wake".[281] The New York Times stated that "Houston was a major catalyst for a movement within black music that recognized the continuity of soul, pop, jazz and gospel vocal traditions".[282] Richard Corliss of Time magazine commented on her initial success breaking various barriers:
Of her first album's ten cuts, six were ballads. This chanteuse [Houston] had to fight for air play with hard rockers. The young lady had to stand uncowed in the locker room of macho rock. The soul strutter had to seduce a music audience that anointed few black artists with superstardom. [...] She was a phenomenon waiting to happen, a canny tapping of the listener's yen for a return to the musical middle. And because every new star creates her own genre, her success has helped other blacks, other women, other smooth singers find an avid reception in the pop marketplace.[283]
Stephen Holden of The New York Times said that Houston "revitalized the tradition of strong gospel-oriented pop-soul singing".[284] Ann Powers of the Los Angeles Times referred to the singer as a "national treasure".[267] Jon Caramanica, other music critic of The New York Times, called Houston "R&B's great modernizer," adding "slowly but surely reconciling the ambition and praise of the church with the movements and needs of the body and the glow of the mainstream".[273] He also drew comparisons between Houston's influence and other big names' on 1980s pop:
She was, alongside Michael Jackson and Madonna, one of the crucial figures to hybridize pop in the 1980s, though her strategy was far less radical than that of her peers. Jackson and Madonna were by turns lascivious and brutish and, crucially, willing to let their production speak more loudly than their voices, an option Ms. Houston never went for. Also, she was less prolific than either of them, achieving most of her renown on the strength of her first three solo albums and one soundtrack, released from 1985 to 1992. If she was less influential than they were in the years since, it was only because her gift was so rare, so impossible to mimic. Jackson and Madonna built worldviews around their voices; Ms. Houston’s voice was the worldview. She was someone more to be admired, like a museum piece, than to be emulated.[273]
The Independent's music critic Andy Gill also wrote about Houston's influence on modern R&B and singing competitions, comparing it to Michael Jackson's. "Because Whitney, more than any other single artist ― Michael Jackson included ― effectively mapped out the course of modern R&B, setting the bar for standards of soul vocalese, and creating the original template for what we now routinely refer to as the 'soul diva'," stated Gill. "Jackson was a hugely talented icon, certainly, but he will be as well remembered (probably more so) for his presentational skills, his dazzling dance moves, as for his musical innovations. Whitney, on the other hand, just sang, and the ripples from her voice continue to dominate the pop landscape." Gill said that there "are few, if any, Jackson imitators on today's TV talent shows, but every other contestant is a Whitney wannabe, desperately attempting to emulate that wondrous combination of vocal effects – the flowing melisma, the soaring mezzo-soprano confidence, the tremulous fluttering that carried the ends of lines into realms of higher yearning".[285]
Houston was considered by many to be a "singer's singer", who had an influence on countless other vocalists, both female and male.[98][286] Similarly, Steve Huey from Allmusic wrote that the shadow of Houston's prodigious technique still looms large over nearly every pop diva and smooth urban soul singer – male or female – in her wake, and spawned a legion of imitators.[281] Rolling Stone, on her biography, stated that Houston "redefined the image of a female soul icon and inspired singers ranging from Mariah Carey to Rihanna".[287] Essence ranked Houston the fifth on their list of 50 Most Influential R&B Stars of all time, calling her "the diva to end all divas".[288]
A number of artists have acknowledged Houston as an influence, including Celine Dion,[289] Mariah Carey,[98] Toni Braxton,[290] Christina Aguilera,[291] LeAnn Rimes,[292] Jessica Simpson,[293] Nelly Furtado,[294][295] Kelly Clarkson, Britney Spears,[296] Ciara,[297] P!nk,[296] Ashanti,[298] Robin Thicke,[299] Jennifer Hudson, Stacie Orrico, Amerie,[300] and Destiny's Child.[296][301] Mariah Carey, who was often compared to Houston, said, "She [Houston] has been a big influence on me."[302] She later told USA Today that "none of us would sound the same if Aretha Franklin hadn't ever put out a record, or Whitney Houston hadn't."[303] Celine Dion who was the third member of the troika that dominated female pop singing in the 1990s, did a telephone interview with Good Morning America on February 13, 2012, telling "Whitney's been an amazing inspiration for me. I've been singing with her my whole career, actually. I wanted to have a career like hers, sing like her, look beautiful like her."[304] Beyoncé told the Globe and Mail that Houston "inspired [her] to get up there and do what [she] did".[305] She also wrote on her website on the day after Houston's death, "I, like every singer, always wanted to be just like [Houston]. Her voice was perfect. Strong but soothing. Soulful and classic. Her vibrato, her cadence, her control. So many of my life's memories are attached to a Whitney Houston song. She is our queen and she opened doors and provided a blueprint for all of us."[306]
Mary J. Blige said that Houston inviting her onstage during VH1's Divas Live show in 1999 "opened doors for [her] all over the world".[307] Brandy stated, "The first Whitney Houston CD was genius. That CD introduced the world to her angelic yet powerful voice. Without Whitney, half of this generation of singers wouldn't be singing."[308] Kelly Rowland, in an Ebony's feature article celebrating black music in June 2006, recalled that "[I] wanted to be a singer after I saw Whitney Houston on TV singing 'Greatest Love of All'. I wanted to sing like Whitney Houston in that red dress." She added that "And I have never, ever forgotten that song [Greatest Love of All]. I learned it backward, forward, sideways. The video still brings chills to me. When you wish and pray for something as a kid, you never know what blessings God will give you."[309]
Alicia Keys said "Whitney is an artist who inspired me from [the time I was] a little girl".[310] Oscar winner Jennifer Hudson cites Houston as her biggest musical influence. She told Newsday that she learned from Houston the "difference between being able to sing and knowing how to sing".[311] Leona Lewis, who has been called "the new Whitney Houston", also cites her as an influence. Lewis stated that she idolized her as a little girl.[312][313]
Awards and achievements[link]
Further information: List of awards and nominations received by Whitney Houston and Whitney Houston chart records and achievements
Houston was the most awarded female artist of all time, according to Guinness World Records,[1] with two Emmy Awards, six Grammy Awards, 30 Billboard Music Awards, 22 American Music Awards, among a total of 415 career awards as of 2010. She held the all-time record for the most American Music Awards of any female solo artist and shared the record with Michael Jackson for the most AMAs ever won in a single year with eight wins in 1994.[314] Houston won a record 11 Billboard Music Awards at its fourth ceremony in 1993.[315] She also had the record for the most WMAs won in a single year, winning five awards at the 6th World Music Awards in 1994.[316]
In May 2003, Houston placed at number three on VH1's list of "50 Greatest Women of the Video Era", behind Madonna and Janet Jackson.[317] She was also ranked at number 116 on their list of the "200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons of All Time".[318] In 2008, Billboard magazine released a list of the Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists to celebrate the US singles chart's 50th anniversary, ranking Houston at number nine.[319][320] Similarly, she was ranked as one of the "Top 100 Greatest Artists of All Time" by VH1 in September 2010.[321] In November 2010, Billboard released its "Top 50 R&B/Hip-Hop Artists of the Past 25 Years" list and ranked Houston at number three whom not only went on to earn eight number one singles on the R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, but also landed five number ones on R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.[322]
Houston's debut album is listed as one of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time by Rolling Stone magazine[49] and is on Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's Definitive 200 list.[50] In 2004, Billboard picked the success of her first release on the charts as one of 110 Musical Milestones in its history.[323] Houston's entrance into the music industry is considered one of the 25 musical milestones of the last 25 years, according to USA Today in 2007. It stated that she paved the way for Mariah Carey's chart-topping vocal gymnastics.[51] In 1997, the Franklin School in East Orange, New Jersey was renamed to The Whitney E. Houston Academy School of Creative and Performing Arts. In 2001, Houston was the first artist to be given a BET Lifetime Achievement Award.[324]
Houston was one of the world's best-selling music artists, having sold over 200 million albums and singles worldwide.[2][3] She was ranked as the fourth best-selling female artist in the United States by the Recording Industry Association of America, with 55 million certified albums sold in the US.[216][325]
She held an Honorary Doctorate in Humanities from Grambling State University, Louisiana.[326]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Whitney Houston discography and Whitney Houston videography
- Studio Albums
- 1985: Whitney Houston
- 1987: Whitney
- 1990: I'm Your Baby Tonight
- 1998: My Love Is Your Love
- 2002: Just Whitney
- 2009: I Look to You
- Holiday Albums
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes and awards |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1992 | The Bodyguard | Rachel Marron | Feature film
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| 1995 | Waiting to Exhale | Savannah Jackson | Feature film
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| 1996 | The Preacher's Wife | Julia Biggs | Feature film
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| 1997 | Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella | Fairy Godmother | Made-for-television film, part of a revival of the Wonderful World of Disney.[335]
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| 2012 | Sparkle | Emma | Posthumous release |
| Year | Title | Network | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1984 | Gimme a Break! | NBC | Rita | "Katie's College" (Season 3, Episode 20, air date: March 15, 1984)[338] |
| As the World Turns | CBS | Herself | Houston appeared on the soap on August 1–2, 1984, with Jermaine Jackson singing two duets off a new album he was releasing at the time: "Take Good Care of My Heart" and "Nobody Loves Me Like You Do." They taped their appearance on July 25 at CBS Studios in New York City. | |
| 1985 | Silver Spoons | NBC | Herself | "Head Over Heels" (Season 4, Episode 1, air date: September 15, 1985)[338] She performed the edited version of "Saving All My Love for You", changing some of the words. |
| 2002 | Boston Public | Fox | Herself | She performed "Try It On My Own" from the 2002 studio album Just Whitney. |
| Year | Company | Promoting | Country | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1983 | Dr Pepper/Seven Up | Canada Dry (soft drink beverage) |
United States |
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| 1986 | Coca-Cola | Diet Coke (soft drink beverage) |
United States | |
| 1988 | Coca-Cola | Diet Coke (soft drink beverage) |
United States |
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| 1989 | Sanyo | Electronics (the stereo, TV) |
Japan |
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| 1994/ 1995 |
AT&T | Telephone services | United States | |
| 1999 | Nissin | Consumer credit business | Japan |
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| Year | Title | Director | Notes and awards |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella | Robert Iscove | Executive producer[350]
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| 2001 | The Princess Diaries | Garry Marshall | Producer[351]
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| 2003 | The Cheetah Girls | Oz Scott | Producer[356] |
| 2004 | The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement | Garry Marshall | Producer[357] |
| 2006 | The Cheetah Girls 2: When in Spain | Kenny Ortega | Co-executive producer[358] |
Tours[link]
Main article: List of Whitney Houston tours and concerts
See also[link]
References[link]
Further reading[link]
External links[link]
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