Kielce
Collage of views of Kielce
Coat of arms
Kielce
Coordinates: 50°53′N 20°37′E / 50.883°N 20.617°E / 50.883; 20.617
Country	Poland
Voivodeship	Świętokrzyskie
County	city county
Established	11th century
Town rights	1364
Government
• Mayor	Wojciech Lubawski
Area
• City	109.65 km2 (42.34 sq mi)
Highest elevation	408 m (1,339 ft)
Lowest elevation	260 m (850 ft)
Population (2009)
• City	204,891
• Density	1,900/km2 (4,800/sq mi)
• Metro	327,862
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
Postal code	25-001 to 25-900
Area code(s)	+48 41
Car plates	TK
Website	http://www.um.kielce.pl

Kielce [ˈkʲɛlt​͡sɛ] ( listen) is a city in central Poland with 204,891 inhabitants (June 2009). It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939, 1945–1998). The city is located in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), at the banks of Silnica river, in northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland. Once an important centre of limestone mining, Kielce is now a centre of trade and commerce, with Kielce Trade Fairs (Targi Kieleckie) ranking third among Central and Eastern Europe trade fairs centres.^[1]

History[link]

The area of Kielce has been inhabited since at least the 5th century BC. Until the 6th or 7th century the banks of the Silnica were inhabited by Kelts. They were driven out by a Slavic tribe of Vistulans who started hunting in the nearby huge forests and had settled most of the area now known as Małopolska and present-day Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The lands of Wiślanie were at first subdued by Bohemia, however they soon came under the control of the Piast dynasty and became a part of Poland. According to a local legend, Mieszko, son of Boleslaus II of Poland dreamt he was attacked by a band of brigands in a forest. In the dream he saw a vision of Saint Adalbert who drew a winding line which turned into a stream. When Mieszko woke up, he found the Silnica River whose waters helped him regain strength. He also discovered huge white tusks of an unknown animal. Mieszko announced he would build a town and a church to St. Adalbert at that site. According to this legend, the town's name Kielce commemorates the mysterious tusks (kieł in Polish).^[2]

Various other legends exist to explain the name's origin. One states that the town was named after its founder who belonged to the noble family of Kiełcz, while another claims that it stems from the Kelts who may have lived in the area in previous centuries. Other theories connect the town's name to occupational names relating to mud huts, iron tips for arrows and spears, or the production of tar (pkielce, a settlement of tar makers).^[2] The earliest extant document referring to the settlement by the name of Kielce dates to 1213.^[3]

Jakub Zadzik, Bishop and Chancellor of the Crown, detail of a ceiling painting in the Bishops' Palace depicting the trial of the Arians in 1641.

The area of the Holy Cross Mountains was almost unpopulated until the 11th century when the first hunters established permanent settlements at the outskirts of the mountains. They needed a place to trade furs and meat for grain and other necessary products, and so the market of Kielce was formed. In the early 12th century the new settlement became a property of the Bishops of Kraków, who built a wooden church and a manor. In 1171 a stone church was erected by bishop Gedeon Gryf. During the times of Wincenty Kadłubek a parochial school in Kielce was opened in 1229. By 1295 the town was granted city rights. In the mid-13th century the town was destroyed by the Mongol invasion of Ögedei Khan, but it quickly recovered.

The area around Kielce was rich in minerals such as copper ore, lead ore, and iron, as well as limestone. In the 15th century Kielce became a significant centre of metallurgy. There were also several glass factories and armourer shops in the town. In 1527 bishop Piotr Tomicki founded a bell for the church and between 1637 and 1642 Manierist palace was erected near the market place by Bishop Jakub Zadzik. It is one of the very few examples of French Renaissance architecture in Poland and the only example of a magnate's manor from the times of Vasa dynasty to survive World War II.

During The Deluge the town was pillaged and burnt by the Swedes. Only the palace and the church survived, but the town managed to recover under the rule of bishop Andrzej Załuski. By 1761 Kielce had more than 4,000 inhabitants. In 1789 Kielce were nationalised and the burgers were granted the right to elect their own representatives in Sejm. Until the end of the century the city's economy entered a period of fast growth. A brewery was founded as well as several brick factories, a horse breeder, hospital, school and a religious college.

As a result of the 3rd Partition the town was annexed by Austria. During the Polish-Austrian War of 1809 it was captured by prince Józef Poniatowski and joined with the Duchy of Warsaw, but after the fall of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1815 it was joined with the Kingdom of Poland. For a brief period when Kraków was an independent city-state (Republic of Kraków), Kielce became the capital of the Kraków Voivodeship. Thanks to the efforts by Stanisław Staszic Kielce became the centre of the newly-established Old-Polish Industrial Zone (Staropolski Okręg Przemysłowy). The town grew quickly as new mines, quarries and factories were constructed. In 1816 the first Polish technical university was founded in Kielce. However, after Staszic's death the Industrial Zone declined and in 1826 the school was moved to Warsaw and became the Warsaw University of Technology.

In 1830 many of the inhabitants of Kielce took part in the November Uprising against Russia. In 1844 a priest Piotr Ściegienny intended a local uprising to liberate Kielce from Russian rule, for which he was sent to Siberia. In 1863 Kielce took part in the January Uprising. As a reprisal for insubordination the tsarist authorities closed all Polish schools and turned Kielce into a military garrison city. Polish language was banned. Because of these actions many gymnasium students took part in the 1905 Revolution and were joined by factory workers.

After the outbreak of World War I, Kielce was the first Polish city to be liberated from Russian rule by the Polish Legions under Józef Piłsudski. After the war when Poland regained its independence after 123 years of Partitions, Kielce became the capital of Kielce Voivodeship. The plans to strengthen Polish heavy and war industries resulted in Kielce becoming one of the main nodes of the Central Industrial Area (Centralny Okręg Przemysłowy). The town housed several big factories, among them the munitions factory "Granat" and the food processing plant Społem.

Józef Piłsudski and his staff in Kielce, in front of the Gubernator' Palace, 1914

During the Polish Defensive War of 1939, the main portion of the defenders of Westerplatte as well as the armoured brigade of General Stanisław Maczek were either from Kielce or from its close suburbs. During the occupation that lasted for most of World War II, the town was an important centre of resistance. There were several resistance groups active in the town (among them the Armia Krajowa (AK) and the Gwardia Ludowa (GL)).

Notable acts of resistance:^[4]

• Theft of 2 tons of TNT from the "Społem" factory, which were then used by the partisans to make hand grenades.
• The daring escape from jail in Kielce of a dozen or so AK members, organised in November 1942 by Stanisław Depczyński.
• A grenade attack by a unit of the GL on the Smoleński coffee shop, killing 6 Germans including a major in the SS (February 1943).
• Assassination of the noted Gestapo officer Franz Wittek on 15 June 1944, by a unit under Second Lt. Kazimierz Smolak on the corner of Solna and Paderewskiego Streets. One of the attackers died during the attack and a further four lost their lives not long afterwards. This was not the first assassination attempt against Wittek. In 1942, Henryk Pawelec fired at him in the market square, but his pistol misfired. In February 1943, a unit under the command of Stanisław Fąfar shot at Wittek by the Seminarium building. Wittek, though wounded by 14 bullets, survived.
• Successful assassinations of local collaborators, including the shooting of Jan Bocian in broad daylight in a shop in Bodzentyńska Street.
• An attack on the factory of C. Wawrzyniak in March 1943, terrorizing and disarming the volksdeutscher workers and destroying the machinery.
• An attack on the HASAG factory in May 1943 and the takeover of the Kielce Herbskie railway station.

Moreover, the hills and forests of Holy Cross Mountains became a scene of heavy partisan activity. A small town of Pińczów located some 30 kilometres from Kielce became the capital of the so-called Pinczów Republic, a piece of Polish land controlled by the partisans. The Swietokrzyskie Mountains Home Army District fought against the Germans long before Operation Tempest inflicted heavy casualties on the occupying forces and later took part in the final liberation of their towns and cities in January 1945. During the war, many of inhabitants of Kielce lost their lives. Today, Kielce is a rapidly developing city of growing regional importance.

Jews[link]

Kielce Synagogue, built 1903-1909

Up to the Second World War, like many other cities in Europe, Kielce had a significant Jewish population: according to the Russian census of 1897, out of the total population of 23,200, Jews constituted 6,400,(around 27% percent).^[5] On the eve of the Second World War there were 24,000 Jewish inhabitants in Kielce, around one-third of the population at the time. Immediately after the German occupation in September 1939 action was taken against the Jews in the form of fines, confiscation of property, forced labour, and the like. In April 1941, the Jewish ghetto was established, and the Jews were forced to move into it. During this time, many of them were forced to work at a nearby German ammunition plant. In August 1942, the extermination of the Jewish ghetto began and in 5 days only 2,000 were left. Those who survived the massacre were sent to another forced labour camp before going to the Treblinka extermination camp.

Kielce pogrom[link]

On July 4, 1946, local Polish anti semites attacked the Jewish community of some 200 Holocaust survivors, killing 42. This has been theorized as a cause of outward Jewish migration (displaced persons) from Poland immediately following the end of the war.^[6][7]

Tourists attractions[link]

Map of the centre of Kielce

• Palace of Kraków Bishops (1637–1641): summer residence of Bishops of Kraków, built in early baroque style by Giovanni Battista Trevano and Tomasz Poncino; houses a museum with an important gallery of Polish paintings
• Baroque Cathedral (12th century, rebuilt 1632–1635 and again in 19th century)
• Holy Trinity Church (1640–1644)
• Tomasz Zieliński romantic manor (1846–1858)
• Old Town market (18th century)
• Sienkiewicza Street
• Stefan Żeromski museum
• Synagogue (renaissance)
• 5 geological nature reserves in town area
• Kadzielnia Gorge (a former quarry where many of the East German westerns were filmed)
• Holy Cross Mountains Article with photo gallery about Holy Cross
• Monastery of Karczówka-An interesting article and photo gallery of the Monastery on Karczówka

Education[link]

• Politechnika Świętokrzyska (Kielce University of Technology) [1]
• Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego (Jan Kochanowski University) [2]
• Swietokrzyska Szkola Wyzsza
• Wszechnica Swietokrzyska
• Wyzsza Szkola Administracji Publicznej www
• Wyzsza Szkola Ekonomii i Prawa im. prof. Edwarda Lipinskiego www
• Wyzsza Szkola Handlowa im. Boleslawa Markowskiego
• Wyzsza Szkola Umiejetnosci
• Wyzsza Szkola Technik Komputerowych i Telekomunikacji
• Wyzsza Szkola Zarzadzania Gospodarka Regionalna i Turystyka
• Wyzsza Szkola Telekomunikacji i Informatyki www
• Towarzystwo Wiedzy Powszechnej OR Kielce
• Juliusz Słowacki High School www
• Stefan Żeromski High School www
• Jan Śniadecki High School [3]
• Hanka Sawicka High School
• św. Jadwiga Królowa High School

Building of Stefan Żeromski Theatre

Culture[link]

Cinemas[link]

• "Helios" www
• "Moskwa" www

Theatres[link]

• Stefan Żeromski Theatre www
• Kieleckie Centrum Kultury - KCK www
• "Kubuś" - The puppet and actor Theatre www

Sports[link]

Football stadium in Kielce

• Korona Kielce - men's football team, currently plays in Poland's top football league, Ekstraklasa.
• Vive Targi Kielce (Iskra Kielce) men's Handball team playing in Polish Ekstraklasa Men's Handball League, few times Champions and medalist of Poland (winner in 1993 1994 1996 1998 1999 2003 and 2009, second places in 1995 2004, third places in 1980 1997 2001 2005 ) .
• KKL Kielce (athletics) - Official website of KKL Kielce
• Oficina da Capoeira Kielce - Capoeira Club in Kielce
• Muay Thai Kielce
• Żak Kielce (judo club)
• Kielecki Klub Karate Kyokushin
• Rushh Kielce (boxing club)
• Gwardia Kielce (boxing club)
• KS FART Kielce (volleyball club)
• Orlęta Kielce (football club, IV league)
• Polonia Białogon Kielce (football club)
• Czarnovia Kielce (football club)
• AZS Politechnika Kielce (football club)
• AZS WSU Kielce (football club)
• Jokers Kielce (American football)
• Tęcza Kielce
• Mountain biking in Kielce
• Contact Kielce billiards club from Kielce, Champion of Poland and medalist of Polish League

Transportation[link]

Road[link]

Kielce is an important transport hub, a city run by international and domestic routes:

• 7 S7 Gdańsk – Elbląg – Warszawa – Radom – Kielce – Kraków – Chyżne
• 73 Wiśniówka – Kielce – Tarnów – Pilzno – Jasło
• 74 S74 Sulejów – Kielce – Opatów – Szczebrzeszyn – Zamość – granica polsko-ukraińska (przejście graniczne w Zosinie)

Provincial roads:

• 745 Dąbrowa – Masłów – Radlin
• 761 Kielce – Piekoszów
• 762 Kielce – Chęciny – Małogoszcz
• 764 Kielce – Suków – Raków – Staszów – Połaniec
• 786 Kielce – Ruda Strawczyńska – Łopuszno – Włoszczowa – Koniecpol – Święta Anna – Częstochowa

In addition, Kielce has a network of district roads, covering 109 streets with a total length of 114.9 km (71.4 mi) and a network of roads covering 446 streets with a total length of 220.9 km (137.3 mi). 57.5% of roads in the city has improved hard surface, 8.4% of hard surface is not improved, while 34.1% - a dirt surface.

Railway transport[link]

Central railway station

Rail transport came to Kielce in 1885, when construction of the line linking Iwanogród (Dęblin) and Dąbrowa Górnicza was completed. Currently, Kielce is an important intersection of railway lines, running to Częstochowa and Lubliniec, Warsaw, Kraków and Sandomierz. Within administrative boundaries of the city there are the following railway stations: Kielce Czarnów, Kielce Piaski, Kielce Białogon, Kielce Herbskie.

Air transport[link]

At present, residents of Kielce are only available to the Airport the Kielce-Maslow, as a civilian airport located in the sports Maslow. It is not able to accommodate large passenger planes, because its runway is only 900 m. Its reconstruction is also not viable. In June 2006 the decision was made about the location of a new airport near the village of the municipality Obice Morawica, able to handle regular airlines. The present purchase of land for investment. The nearest international airports are located in Kraków-Balice, Warsaw-Okecie and Rzeszów-Jasionka.

Local transport[link]

Bus station with a distinctive saucer-shaped

Municipal Communications was founded in Kielce, July 22, 1951, when the Faculty was created, and then Department of Urban Transport in the City of Municipal Enterprises in Kielce.

After many changes today, the city operates 54 regular bus lines (1-54), 13 new low-decked bus lines with text&audio passenger-information system (102-114), four lines of special constants (C, F, Z, 100 (formerly TK)) and one night line (101). The lines are operated by Municipal Transport Company, and Kielce Bus Company Workers under an agreement signed with the Management of Urban Transport. In Kielce, there are two depots. The rolling stock is composed of about 165 buses, of which the movement is about 145 cars.

During the 2009/2010 Transport Authority in Kielce realize the Polish Operational Programme Development of Eastern 2007 - 2013 project "Development of public transport system in Kielce Metropolitan Area." At the beginning of the year went to Kielce 20 new buses - MAZ 203 and Solaris Urbino 12, another 20 reached in 2010. These buses will support new lines, which ensure the transport of the inhabitants of Kielce and the Metropolitan Area shall carry out the contract completely independent from that which currently carries MPK Kielce. Part of the project, which is responsible for ZTM also envisages installation of 24 electronic boards at bus departure time and 20 stationary ticket vending machines.

Long-distance transport[link]

The history of communication dates back to coach in Kielce in 1945, when the District was set up base station. Already in 1946, were regularly organized courses in Kraków, Warsaw, Jelenia Gora, Teplice and the neighboring towns.

In 1984 he was put to use the bus station in Kielce, then one of the most modern of its kind in Europe. Its unusual architecture and innovative communications solutions qualify him among the most interesting sights of the city.^{[citation needed]}

After 1990, the Kielce Bus Station was renamed the State Motor Transport Company SA in Kielce, has since maintained a regular passenger long-distance communications and international.

Politics[link]

Exbud headquarters, symbol of today's Kielce City

Kielce constituency[link]

Members of Parliament (Sejm) elected from Kielce constituency in 2005:

• Przemysław Gosiewski, PiS (votes: 31253)
• Konstanty Miodowicz, PO (14505)
• Włodzimierz Stępień, SLD (12655)
• Małgorzata Olejnik, Samoobrona (12398)
• Józef Cepil, Samoobrona (10526)
• Krzysztof Grzegorek, PO (8730)
• Radosław Parda, LPR (7856)
• Leszek Sułek, Samoobrona (7590)
• Mirosław Pawlak, PSL (6684)
• Halina Olendzka, PiS (5386)
• Henryk Milcarz, SLD (5251)
• Andrzej Pałys, PSL (5055)
• Krzysztof Lipiec, PiS (4697)
• Jarosław Rusiecki, PiS (4009)
• Zbigniew Pacelt, PO (3982)
• Maria Zuba, PiS (3397)

Famous people[link]

• Thomas Buergenthal, lived in Kielce ghetto and author of "A Lucky Child"
• Czeslaw Biezanko, Polish entomologist
• Gustaw Herling-Grudzinski, writer
• Stefan Żeromski, writer
• Adolf Dygasiński, writer
• Jan Czarnocki, geologist
• Edmund Niziurski, writer
• Rafał Olbiński,Polish graphic artist, stage designer and surrealist painter
• Stanisław Staszic, Polish priest, philosopher, statesman, poet and writer, a leader of the Polish Enlightenment
• Krzysztof Klicki, president of Kolporter Holding, former owner of Korona Kielce
• Michał Sołowow, businessman, shareholder of: Cersanit S.A., Echo Investment, Barlinek, Życie Warszawy, one of the richest Polish people
• Leszek Drogosz, boxer, 3 times European Champion, Olympic medalist
• Wincenty z Kielc

• Krzysztof "K.A.S.A" Kasowski vocalist
• Piotr Marzec better known as Liroy (Leeroy), rapper
• Andrzej Piaseczny vocalist
• Leszek Kumański writer, journalist, stage manager
• Wiesław Gołas actor
• Dagmara Dominczyk
• Marika Dominczyk
• Gershon Iskowitz

Sportsmen[link]

• Paweł Brożek footballer (Polonia Białogon, GKS Katowice, Wisła Kraków)
• Leszek Drogosz boxer
• Zbigniew Piątek cyclist
• Piotr Stokowiec (Orlęta Kielce, Polonia Warszawa, Wigry Suwałki)
• Michał Sołowow rally driver

Twin Towns - Sister Cities[link]

Kielce is twinned with:

Gallery[link]

Architectural monuments[link]

• 

  Bishops' Palace, 1637–1641

• 

  Cathedral, rebuilt 1632–1635

• 

  St. Adalbert Church dating back to 10th century

• 

  St. cross Cathedral‎

• 

  Piotrkowska Street (Old Market)

• 

  The Market Square in Kielce

• 

  The Monument of The Legion Five

• 

  City Park

• 

  Fountain in the City Park

• 

  Holy Trinity Church, built 1640–1644

• 

  Karczówka Monastery, built 1624–1631

• 

  Garrison Church, built 1902–1904

• 

  Statue of Miles Davis in Kielce

References[link]

Notes

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kielce

• Kielce Classifieds
• Website of Korona Kielce
• Municipal website
• WICI Portal of Culture in Kielce - Polish language only
• Kielce travel guide from Wikitravel
• Website about new constructions in Kielce - Polish language only
• Historic gallery of Kielce - Old Kielce on photos (Pl, En)
• Trade Fair Kielce
• Kielce Travel Guide
• XVII century historical re-enactment group: Kompania Wolontarska
• Our Kielce - Information and Entertainment site
• http://www.kielcecity.pl/ (Polish)

Coordinates: 50°52′21″N 20°37′55″E / 50.8725°N 20.63194°E / 50.8725; 20.63194

v t e Principal cities of Poland Warsaw Kraków Łódź Wrocław Poznań Gdańsk Szczecin Bydgoszcz Lublin Katowice Białystok Częstochowa Radom Kielce Toruń Olsztyn Rzeszów

v t e Counties of Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship City counties Kielce (capital) Land counties Busko Jędrzejów Kazimierza Kielce Końskie Opatów Ostrowiec Pińczów Sandomierz Skarżysko Starachowice Staszów Włoszczowa

v t e Kielce County Seat (not part of the county): Kielce Urban-rural gminas Gmina Bodzentyn Gmina Chęciny Gmina Chmielnik Gmina Daleszyce Rural gminas Gmina Bieliny Gmina Górno Gmina Łagów Gmina Łopuszno Gmina Masłów Gmina Miedziana Góra Gmina Mniów Gmina Morawica Gmina Nowa Słupia Gmina Piekoszów Gmina Pierzchnica Gmina Raków Gmina Sitkówka-Nowiny Gmina Strawczyn Gmina Zagnańsk

vep:Kel'ce

Bronisław Komorowski
5th President of Poland
Incumbent
Assumed office 6 August 2010
Prime Minister	Donald Tusk
Preceded by	Grzegorz Schetyna (Acting)
In office 10 April 2010 – 8 July 2010 Acting
Prime Minister	Donald Tusk
Preceded by	Lech Kaczyński
Succeeded by	Bogdan Borusewicz (Acting)
Marshal of the Sejm
In office 5 November 2007 – 8 July 2010
President	Lech Kaczyński
Prime Minister	Jarosław Kaczyński Donald Tusk
Preceded by	Ludwik Dorn
Succeeded by	Grzegorz Schetyna
Minister of National Defence
In office 16 June 2000 – 19 October 2001
Prime Minister	Jerzy Buzek
Preceded by	Janusz Onyszkiewicz
Succeeded by	Jerzy Szmajdziński
Personal details
Born	Bronisław Maria Komorowski (1952-06-04) 4 June 1952 (age 60) Oborniki Śląskie, Poland
Political party	Independent (2010–present)
Other political affiliations	Civic Platform (2001–2010) Conservative People's Party (Before 2001)
Spouse(s)	Anna Dziadzia
Children	5
Residence	Belweder
Alma mater	University of Warsaw
Religion	Roman Catholicism
Signature

Bronisław Maria Komorowski [brɔˈɲiswaf kɔmɔˈrɔfskʲi] ( listen) (born 4 June 1952) is Polish politician and historian. He current serving as President of Poland. As Marshal of the Sejm (Speaker of Parliament), Komorowski exercised powers and duties of head of state following the death of President Lech Kaczyński in a plane crash on 10 April 2010.^[1] Komorowski was the governing Civic Platform party's candidate in the resulting 2010 presidential election, which he won in the second round of voting on 4 July 2010. He was sworn in as fulltime President on 6 August 2010. Komorowski is thus the second person to serve on two occasions as the Polish head of state since 1918 after Maciej Rataj. Rataj, however, was twice Acting President, while Komorowski first acted as President, and then became elected President.

Komorowski was the Minister of Defence from 2000 to 2001.

Youth[link]

Bronisław Maria Komorowski was born in Oborniki Śląskie. Komorowski is the son of Count Zygmunt Leon Komorowski (1925–1992)^[2] and Jadwiga Komorowska (née Szalkowska) (1921–).^[3]

The Komorowski family, which held the Korczak coat of arms,^[3][4] owned land in the Żywiec region of southern Poland,^[5] as well as properties in northern Lithuania in Aukštaitija, the ancestral home of Bronisław Komorowski's paternal branch.^[2] Its residence was in Kavoliškis manor (Rokiškis district).^[2] The family received the title of count from Matthias Corvinus, a 15th century King of Hungary.^[5] The title was later confirmed by the Austrian emperor.^[5]

From 1957 to 1959 he lived in Józefów near Otwock. From 1959 to 1966 he also attended elementary school in Pruszków. In 1966 he transferred to Warsaw and graduated from Cyprian Kamil Norwid High School no. 24.

For many years he was affiliated with the Scout Movement. He belonged to the 75th Mazovian Scout Team in Pruszków. During his studies he was a Scout instructor in 208 WDHiZ "Parasol" Battalion in Mokotów. He met his future wife through Scouting.^[6]

In 1977 he finished his studies in history at the University of Warsaw. From 1977 to 1980 was an editor at the journal "Słowo Powszechne."

Dissident activity[link]

In the People's Republic of Poland he took part in the democratic movement as an underground publisher and co-operated with Antoni Macierewicz^[4] on the monthly Głos.^[4] In 1980 he was sentenced along with activists of the Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights to one month in prison for organizing a demonstration on 11 November 1979^[7] (the judge who presided the trial was Andrzej Kryże).^[7] From 1980 to 1981 he worked in the Centre of Social Investigation of NSZZ "Solidarity".^[7] On 27 September 1981 he was one of the signatories of the founding declaration of the Clubs in the Service of Independence.^[7] He was interned while Poland was under martial law.^[7] From 1981 to 1989 he taught at the Lower Seminary in Niepokalanów.^[7]

Third Republic[link]

Bronisław Komorowski as Deputy Marshal in Sejm, September 2007

From 1989 to 1990 he was the manager minister Aleksander Hall's office, and from 1990 to 1993, the civil vice minister of national defence in the governments of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Jan Krzysztof Bielecki and Hanna Suchocka. In the early 1990s he was involved with the Democratic Union and Freedom Union (Unia Wolności). From 1993 to 1995 he was the general secretary of these parties.

As the candidate of the Democratic Union he was elected to parliament in 1991 and 1993. In 1997, during the 2nd Sejm, together with a group of Warsaw University activists under the management of Jan Rokita he created Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe. In the same year Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe joined the newly created Stronnictwo Konserwatywno-Ludowe, which joined Akcja Wyborcza Solidarność (AWS). In 1997 Komorowski was elected as a candidate of AWS. From 1997 to 2000 he presided over the Parliamentary National Defence Committee,

Bronisław Komorowski with Lech Kaczyński and Nicolas Sarkozy

and from 2000 to 2001 served as the minister of national defence in the government of Jerzy Buzek. In 2001, while still a minister in the minority AWS government, Komorowski, along with some activists from SKL, became a member of Civic Platform (abbreviated PO). He stood for election to the 4th Sejm as a candidate of PO. Again he was elected, this time for the Warsaw constituency. After the inauguration of the new parliament he resigned from SKL. Since 2001 he has been a member of the National Civic Platform Board. In the 4th Sejm he was the deputy chairman of the Parliamentary National Defence Committee and a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs.

He won election to the 5th Sejm in a district outside Warsaw. On 26 October 2005 he was elected Vice Speaker of the Sejm. 398 MPs voted in favour of his candidacy. His party had earlier recommended him as a candidate for Speaker. His candidacy, in defiance of precedent, was rejected by Law and Justice (PiS) which voted for Marek Jurek. This created an unfavourable climate further discussions regarding a PO-PiS coalition.

After the resignation of Marek Jurek as Speaker of the Sejm on 25 April 2007 Civic Platform announced Komorowski's candidacy for Speaker. On 27 April 2007 the Sejm rejected his nomination, and Ludwik Dorn from PiS became a new marshal. 189 MPs voted for Komorowski. Komorowski became Vice Speaker.

Komorowski took first place on the PO list for the Warsaw constituency in the 2007 parliamentary election and received 139,320 votes.

On 27 March 2010 he was chosen by PO members to be their candidate in 2010 presidential election.

Marshal of Lower House[link]

On 5 November 2007 in the first session of the 4th Sejm of the Polish Republic Bronisław Komorowski was elected Speaker by 292 votes. He stood against Krzysztof Putra from PiS who received 160 votes. Stefan Niesiołowski, Krzysztof Putra, Jarosław Kalinowski, Jerzy Szmajdziński were elected Vice Speakers.

Acting President and President-elect[link]

President Bronisław Komorowski with two former Presidents, Lech Wałęsa and Aleksander Kwaśniewski

Komorowski became Acting President on 10 April 2010 following the death of President Lech Kaczyński. His first decision was to announce seven days of national mourning beginning on 10 April.^[8] According to the Constitution of Poland, Komorowski was required to set a date for the next presidential election within 14 days of assuming the position, the election date coming within 60 days of that announcement. On 21 April, his office announced that the election would be held on 20 June.^[9] In the election, he got 41.54% of votes in the first round and then faced Jarosław Kaczyński, who got 36.46% of votes in the first round.

In the runoff Komorowski was elected President (8 933 887 valid votes, 53,01%) and formally took office on 6 August 2010.

Following the death of the chief of the Office of the President of the Republic of Poland

President Bronisław Komorowski during the speech in front of the National Assembly with Sejm Marshal Grzegorz Schetyna and Senate Marshal Bogdan Borusewicz behind him

Władysław Stasiak, Komorowski appointed Jacek Michałowski to succeed him on an acting basis.^[10] A high number of vacancies following the Smolensk crash necessitated numerous other appointments. On 12 April, he appointed retired General Stanisław Koziej head of the National Security Bureau in place of the late Aleksander Szczygło.^[11]

On 29 April 2010, Komorowski signed into law a parliamentary act that reformed the Institute of National Remembrance.^[12]

On 27 May 2010, Komorowski nominated Marek Belka, former Finance Minister and Prime Minister (2004–2005) of a then-leftist government, to be the President of the National Bank of Poland in place of the late Sławomir Skrzypek.^[13]

Following his election, Komorowski announced that he would resign from the Sejm on 8 July 2010, and thus cease to be Marshal and Acting President (his successor as Acting President was the next Marshal of the Sejm Grzegorz Schetyna, who held the position for about a month before Komorowski's formal inauguration).^[14]

Komorowski currently resides and works in the Belweder Palace instead of the Presidential Palace.

Family[link]

He has been married to Anna Dembowska since 1977. He has five children: Zofia Aleksandra (b. 1979), Tadeusz Jan (b. 1981), Maria Anna (b. 1983), Piotr Zygmunt (b. 1986) and Elżbieta Jadwiga (b. 1989).

He is a descendent of Polish nobility. He is distantly related to Princess Mathilde of Belgium, Duchess of Brabant, via her mother Anna Countess d'Udekem d'Acoz born Countess Komorowska.^[15][16]

Honours and awards[link]

• Order of the White Eagle
• Grand Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
• Honorary doctorate from the Mykolas Romeris University in Vilnius, Lithuania (14 January 2008)

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Barack Obama (Washington)

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Dmitry Medvedev

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Angela Merkel and Nicolas Sarkozy

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Dalia Grybauskaitė

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Christian Wulff

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Victor Yanukovych

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Mykola Azarov

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Pope Benedict XVI

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Petr Nečas

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Barack Obama (Warsaw)

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  President Bronisław Komorowski with Abdullah Gül

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bronisław Komorowski

	Poland portal
	Biography portal

• The only Official Biography of Bronisław Komorowski(in English)
• The official website of the President of the Republic of Poland
• Polish Lower House (in English – Polish version)
• Civic Platform (Polish)
• Wprost 24 (Polish)

v t e Heads of state of Poland Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918) Provisional Council Regency Council Republic of Poland (1918–1939) Józef Piłsudski Gabriel Narutowicz Maciej Rataj (acting) Stanisław Wojciechowski Maciej Rataj (acting) Ignacy Mościcki Government of the Republic of Poland in Exile (1939–1990) Władysław Raczkiewicz August Zaleski Stanisław Ostrowski Edward Raczyński Kazimierz Sabbat Ryszard Kaczorowski People's Republic of Poland (1944–1989) Bolesław Bierut Aleksander Zawadzki Edward Ochab Marian Spychalski Józef Cyrankiewicz Henryk Jabłoński Wojciech Jaruzelski Republic of Poland (1990–Present) Wojciech Jaruzelski Lech Wałęsa Aleksander Kwaśniewski Lech Kaczyński Bronisław Komorowski (acting) Bogdan Borusewicz (acting) Grzegorz Schetyna (acting) Bronisław Komorowski

v t e previous ←   Candidates in the Polish presidential election, 2010 Winner Bronisław Komorowski Lost in runoff Jarosław Kaczyński Other candidates Marek Jurek · Janusz Korwin-Mikke · Andrzej Lepper · Kornel Morawiecki · Grzegorz Napieralski · Andrzej Olechowski · Waldemar Pawlak · Bogusław Ziętek Rejected from race Zdzisław Jankowski · Gabriel Janowski · Dariusz Kosiur · Bartłomiej Kurzeja · Krzysztof Mazurski · Paweł Pietrzyk · Roman Sklepowicz · Paweł Soroka · Bogdan Szpryngiel · Ludwik Wasiak · Józef Wójcik · Waldemar Urbanowski