Debbie Harry
Debbie Harry at the premiere of SqueezeBox! at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival
Background information
Birth name	Deborah Ann Harry
Born	(1945-07-01) July 1, 1945 (age 66) Miami, Florida, U.S.
Genres	New Wave, pop, rock, punk rock, power pop, disco, hip hop
Occupations	Vocalist, musician, actress
Instruments	Vocals, percussion, tambourine, tambura, finger cymbals, clarinet
Years active	1965–present
Labels	Capitol Records Chrysalis Records Geffen/Warner Bros. Sire/Warner Bros.
Associated acts	Blondie
Website	www.deborah-harry.com

Deborah Ann "Debbie" Harry (born July 1, 1945) is an American singer-songwriter and actress, best known for being the lead singer of the punk rock and new wave band Blondie. She has also had success as a solo artist, and in the mid-1990s she performed and recorded as part of The Jazz Passengers. Her acting career spans over thirty film roles and numerous television appearances.

Life and early career[link]

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Harry was born in Miami, Florida, and adopted by Catherine Harry and Richard Smith, gift shop proprietors in Hawthorne, New Jersey.^[1] She attended Hawthorne High School, where she graduated in 1963.^[2] She graduated from Centenary College in Hackettstown, New Jersey, with an Associate of Arts degree in 1965.^{[citation needed]} Before starting her singing career she moved to New York City in the late 1960s and worked as a secretary at BBC Radio's office there for one year.^[3] Later, she was a waitress at Max's Kansas City,^[4] a go-go dancer in Union City, New Jersey, discothèque,^{[citation needed]} and a Playboy Bunny.^[5]

Deborah Harry began her musical career in the late '60s with the folk rock group The Wind in the Willows,^[6] that recorded one album for Capitol Records. Harry then joined The Stilettos, with Elda Gentile and Amanda Jones, in 1974. The Stilettos included her eventual boyfriend and Blondie guitarist Chris Stein.^[7] When Harry and Stein left the Stilettos, they formed Angel and the Snake, with Tish and Snooky Bellomo. Shortly thereafter, Harry and Stein formed Blondie, naming it for the term of address men often yelled at Harry when she bleached her hair.^[8] Blondie quickly became regulars at Max's Kansas City and CBGB in New York City.^[4] After a debut album in 1976, commercial success followed in the late 1970s to the early 1980s, first in Australia and Europe, then in the United States.

While leading Blondie, Harry and Stein became life as well as musical partners, although they never married; Harry has no children.^[9] In the mid-1980s, she took a few years off to care for Stein while he suffered with Pemphigus, a rare autoimmune disease that affects the skin and mucous membranes. Stein and Harry broke up in the 1990s, but continued to work together. In 1999, Harry was deemed the 12th greatest woman of rock and roll by VH1's 100 Greatest Women of Rock & Roll^[10] and in 2002, she was called the 18th sexiest artist of all time by VH1's 100 Sexiest Artists.^[11]

Blondie[link]

Debbie Harry performing in Toronto in 1977

With her two-tone bleached-blonde hair, Harry quickly became a punk icon.^[12] Her look was further popularized by the band's early presence in the music video revolution of the era. She was a regular at Studio 54. In June 1979, Blondie was featured on the cover of Rolling Stone. Harry's persona, combining cool sexuality with streetwise style, became so closely associated with the group's name that many came to believe "Blondie" was the singer's name. The difference between the individual Harry and the band Blondie was famously highlighted with a "Blondie is a Group" button campaign by the band in 1979.^[13] In 1981 Harry issued a press release to clarify that her name was not "Debbie Blondie" or "Debbie Harry", but Deborah Harry, though Harry later described her character in the band as being named "Blondie", as in this quote from the No Exit tour book:

Hi, it's Deb. You know, when I woke up this morning I had a realization about myself. I was always Blondie. People always called me Blondie, ever since I was a little kid. What I realized is that at some point I became Dirty Harry. I couldn't be Blondie anymore, so I became Dirty Harry.^[14]

During 1976 and 1977, Blondie released their first two albums. The second experienced some marginal success outside the United States. However, 1978's Parallel Lines (US #6, UK #1) shot the group to international success and included the global smash hit single "Heart of Glass." Riding the crest of Disco's domination, the infectious track hit #1 in the US and sold nearly two million copies. The follow-up single "One Way Or Another" reached #24 on Billboard's Hot 100. The album was the band's biggest success, a platinum-selling top ten success in the US and was also the biggest selling album of 1979 in the UK.

The release of the platinum-selling Eat to the Beat album (US #17, UK #1) in 1979 and Autoamerican (US #7, UK #3) in 1980 continued the band's run of hits, including "Dreaming", "Atomic" and three more US #1 singles: "The Tide Is High", "Rapture" and "Call Me" from the soundtrack to the film American Gigolo, which became Billboard's #1 song of 1980.

After a year-long hiatus in 1981, during which Harry released her first solo album (see below), Blondie regrouped and released their sixth studio album The Hunter (US #33, UK #9). The album met with a disastrous reception, peaking at #33 in the US and falling rapidly off the charts. The single "Island of Lost Souls" briefly cracked the US Top 40 though narrowly missed the top ten in the UK, where the album had been a top ten entry but sold far less than their previous albums. Blondie launched a worldwide tour to support the release, but it was cut short due to slow ticket sales. Stein also fell seriously ill with the rare autoimmune disease, pemphigus. Coupled with declining record sales and internal struggles, the band split up.

Later in the 1980s, the remix album Once More Into The Bleach was released, featuring remixes of tracks by Blondie and from Harry's solo career. The mid-1990s saw the release of further Blondie remix albums Beautiful in Europe and Remixed Remade Remodeled in the US. New mixes of "Heart of Glass", "Atomic" and "Union City Blue" were released as singles and all made the UK Top 40, while remixes of "Atomic", "Rapture" and "Heart of Glass" had major success on the US dance charts.

Reunion[link]

In 1997, Blondie began working together again for the first time in 15 years. Two tracks were recorded with TV Mania, the production trio of two Duran Duran members, Nick Rhodes and Warren Cuccurullo, and producer Anthony J. Resta. "Studio 54" and "Pop Trash Movie" were scheduled for release on a Blondie compilation, entitled This Is Blondie. However, the project and the tracks were shelved as the four original members (Harry, Stein, Clem Burke and Jimmy Destri) embarked on sessions for what would become Blondie's seventh studio album. During this period, they released a cover of Iggy Pop's "Ordinary Bummer" on the tribute album We Will Fall (1997).

After a final tour of Europe with The Jazz Passengers in the summer of 1998, Deborah Harry resumed duties as lead vocalist of Blondie. Prior to the release of No Exit, the band completed a sold out tour of Europe. Dates at London's Lyceum Theatre were recorded by the BBC and aired on national BBC Radio 1. A week before the release of No Exit, the lead single "Maria" debuted at No. 1 in the UK, giving Blondie their sixth UK No.1 hit. "Maria" also reached #1 in 14 different countries, the top 10 on the US Dance Charts and Top 15 on the US Adult Top 40 Charts. No Exit debuted at No.3 in the UK and #17 in the US and Blondie announced dates for a major arena tour that summer, during which they played the Glastonbury Festival and Party in the Park in London. "Nothing Is Real but the Girl" was another UK Top-30 hit, while the title track was released as a limited-edition single to coincide with further arena dates in November of that year.

Tracks culled from dates throughout the 1999 world tour were released as a live album, titled Live in the US and Livid in the UK and were released in late 1999 and early 2000, respectively. A Blondie Live companion DVD was also released, recorded at a show in New York City's The Town Hall.

Harry performing in July 2007.

Although Blondie commenced recording tracks for the follow-up to No Exit in 2001, the sessions were besieged with problems including the loss of master tapes after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. In the winter of 2002, Blondie returned with a full-scale UK tour. This preceded the release of a new single in 2003 entitled "Good Boys" (a hit across the UK and Europe that autumn, and top 10 on the US Dance Charts the following spring) and the release of Blondie's eighth studio album, The Curse of Blondie. The band toured throughout 2003 and 2004, completing two further full-scale tours of the UK.

A second live album, entitled Live By Request, was released in 2005, along with a companion DVD set. In that year, the band also released the mash-up "Rapture Riders," which combined their 1981 hit "Rapture" with The Doors' "Riders on the Storm". This track was taken from a greatest hits compilation entitled Sound and Vision (first issued in the UK as Sight + Sound), released with a companion DVD and new mixes of "In the Flesh" and "Good Boys".

In the winter of 2005, Blondie toured the UK for the fourth time in as many years. In 2006, they were inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Around this time, Blondie released a new studio track, a cover of Roxy Music's 1982 hit "More Than This". This was to promote their "Road Rage" tour and the single was made available for free download.

At the end of 2006, a new mix of "Heart of Glass" became a club hit in Europe, while Harry released the single "New York New York", a collaboration with Moby. The song debuted on YouTube, some four weeks before its official release.

In the summer of 2007, Blondie toured in the UK once again. Around this time, Harry delineated the different personas (Blondie the band, her role in the band, and Deborah Harry the singer) to an interviewer who asked why she played only solo music on the 2007 True Colors Tour: "I've put together a new trio with no Blondie members in it—I really want to make a clear definition between Debbie's solo projects and Blondie—and I hope that the audience can appreciate that and also appreciate this other material."^[15]

On July 3, 2008, Blondie commenced a world tour to celebrate the 30th anniversary of Parallel Lines with a sell-out concert at the amphitheatre in Ra'anana, Israel. During the tour, drummer Clem Burke stated that the tour had inspired the band to make another record, Panic of Girls,^[16] their first new album since the release of The Curse of Blondie in 2003.

In 2009, Blondie went on tour with Pat Benatar for the "Call Me Invincible" tour. The majority of the shows were opened by The Donnas. In December 2009, Blondie recorded their version of the traditional song "We Three Kings" to coincide with the band's new album.

In the summer of 2010, Blondie began a UK tour, including venues in Newcastle, Manchester, Sheffield and Dublin. They also played festivals including the Isle of Wight and Rockness Festival in Inverness, Scotland. Tracks from their forthcoming album Panic of Girls were performed during their tour of the UK, notably 'D-Day' and 'What I Heard'.

The album got released first in July 2011 in the United Kingdom, with Germany, USA and Japan following. As a marketing innovation, the band made a lot of special editions with different bonus tracks and added content (extra cds, magazines, etc.). It got good reviews from the press and spotted Nº1 in Amazon. "Mother" was the first single, accompanied by a video, and "What I Heard" was the second.

Solo albums[link]

Harry has released five solo albums. She began her solo career in 1981 with KooKoo. Produced by Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards of Chic, the album peaked at #28 in the US and #6 in the UK;^[17] it was later certified gold in the US and Silver in the UK. "Backfired", the first single from the album, had a video directed by H. R. Giger (who also created the album's front cover featuring Harry's face with metal skewers through it) and climbed to #43 on the Billboard Hot 100, #29 on the Hot Dance Club Songs and #32 on the UK Singles Chart.^[17] "The Jam Was Moving" was lifted as the second single and peaked at #82 in the US. After Blondie split up in 1982, Harry's solo output slowed down as she cared for ailing partner Chris Stein. She released the single "Rush Rush" in 1983 (taken from the film Scarface), but this was unsuccessful. A new single, "Feel The Spin" (taken from the film Krush Groove) was released as a limited 12" single in 1985, but again was unsuccessful.

In 1986, Harry released her second solo album on Geffen Records called Rockbird, which peaked at #97 in the US and #31 in the UK^[17] (where it has been certified Gold for 100,000 sales by the BPI). The single "French Kissin' in the USA" gave Harry her only UK solo top 10 hit (#8) and became a moderate US hit (#57). Other singles released from the album were "Free to Fall" and "In Love with Love", which hit #1 on the US Dance Charts and was released with several remixes.

Her next solo venture was the album Def, Dumb and Blonde in 1989. At this point Harry reverted from "Debbie" to "Deborah" as her professional name. The first single "I Want That Man" was a hit in Europe, Australia, and on the US Modern Rock Charts. The success of the single propelled the album to #12 on the UK chart^[17] where it earned a Silver disc. However, with little promotion from her record company in the US, it peaked at #123. She followed this up with the ballad "Brite Side" and the club hit "Sweet and Low". "Maybe for Sure", a track originally recorded by Blondie for the Rock and Rule animated film, was the fourth single released from the album in June 1990 to coincide with a UK tour (her second in six months). "Kiss It Better" was also a Top 15 Modern Rock single in the US.

From 1989 to 1991, Harry toured extensively across the world with former Blondie guitarist Chris Stein, Underworld's Karl Hyde, and future Blondie bassist Leigh Foxx. In July 1991, she played Wembley Stadium supporting INXS. In 1991, Chrysalis released a new "best of" compilation in Europe entitled The Complete Picture: The Very Best of Deborah Harry and Blondie, containing hits with Blondie as well as solo hits. The collection reached #3 in the UK album chart^[17] and earned a Gold disc. The album also included her duet with Iggy Pop on the Cole Porter song "Well, Did You Evah!" from the Red Hot + Blue AIDS charity album produced by the Red Hot Organization and released at the end of 1990.

Harry's fourth solo album, Debravation, appeared in July 1993. The album's first single was "I Can See Clearly", which peaked at #23 in the UK^[17] and #2 on the US dance charts. This was followed by "Strike Me Pink" in September. Controversy surrounded the latter track's promotional video, which featured a man drowning in a water tank, resulting in it being banned. US editions of the album feature two additional tracks recorded with pre-recorded music by R.E.M.: "Tear Drops" and "My Last Date (With You)," a remake of a 1961 Skeeter Davis hit.

In November 1993, Harry toured the UK with Stein, Peter Min, Greta Brinkman and James Murphy ^{[disambiguation needed ]}. The set list of the Debravation Tour featured an offbeat selection of Harry material including the previously unreleased track "Close Your Eyes" (from 1989) and "Ordinary Bummer" (from the Stein-produced Iggy Pop album Zombie Birdhouse; a track that, under the moniker "Adolph's Dog," Blondie covered in 1997). Tentative plans to record these shows and release them as a double live CD never came to fruition. However, a cover of The Rolling Stones' "Wild Horses" is available as a bootleg. At the end of 1993, Chrysalis released the Blondie rarities collection Blonde and Beyond, which featured the previously unreleased tracks "Scenery" and "Underground Girl". In early 1994, Harry took the Debravation tour to the US.^[18] In the UK, Harry's long tenure with Chrysalis Records also came to an end after lacklustre sales of Debravation, but the label released all of Blondie's albums and Harry's KooKoo album (for the first time on CD) as remastered editions with bonus tracks.

As Blondie had reconvened in the late 1990s, it was several years before Harry resumed her solo career. In 2006, Harry started work in New York City on tracks for her fifth solo album Necessary Evil (2007). Working with production duo Super Buddha (who produced the remix of Blondie's "In the Flesh" for the 2005 Sound and Vision compilation), the first music to surface in was a hip hop track entitled "Dirty and Deep" in which she spoke out against rapper Lil' Kim's incarceration.

Throughout 2006, a number of new tracks surfaced on Harry's MySpace page, including "Charm Alarm", "Deep End", "Love With A Vengeance", "School for Scandal" and "Necessary Evil", as well as duets she recorded with Miss Guy (of Toilet Böys fame). These were "God Save New York" and "New York Groove". A streaming version of the lead single, "Two Times Blue", was added to Harry's MySpace page in May 2007. On 6 June 2007, an iTunes downloadable version was released via her official website.

Harry joined Cyndi Lauper's True Colors Tour for the Human Rights Campaign. She is a strong advocate for gay rights and same-sex marriage. Though she has stated that she identifies as mostly heterosexual, Harry has said she has had intimate relationships with both men and women.^[19][20]

Harry's fifth solo album, Necessary Evil, was released in 2007 on Eleven Seven Music after Harry completed both a solo tour of the US in June 2007 and a European tour with Blondie in July 2007. The first single, "Two Times Blue", peaked at #5 on the US Dance Club Play chart. The album peaked at #86 in the UK and #37 in the US Billboard Top Independent Albums chart.

To promote the album, Harry appeared on various talk shows to perform "Two Times Blue". She also started a 22-date US tour on November 8, lasting until December 9, playing small venues and clubs across the country. On January 18, 2008, an official music video for "If I Had You" was released.^[21]

Other musical projects[link]

In 1983, Harry teamed up with Giorgio Moroder (with whom she had worked previously on Blondie's "Call Me") on the song "Rush Rush," which was featured in the film Scarface and in the video game Grand Theft Auto III. Rush Rush was also sampled and covered by the rapper Cam'ron (under the title "Yeo Man (Rush Rush Get The Yeo)". Harry's single "Feel the Spin", produced by John "Jellybean" Benitez, was released (as a 12" single only) in 1985. That song, along with the whole soundtrack to the film Krush Groove, peaked at #5 on the US Dance Charts. The song's "uno, dos, tres, quatro." intro has been sampled on a number of records, including S'Express' "Theme from S'Express".

Marky Ramone of the Ramones and Harry attend a screening of Burning Down the House, a 2009 documentary about CBGB's heyday.

While recording her fourth album in 1992, Harry collaborated with German heavy metal band Die Haut on the track "Don't Cross My Mind", and released the song "Prelude to a Kiss" on the soundtrack to the film of the same name. She also released a cover of "Summertime Blues" from the soundtrack to the film That Night in Australia.

In the mid-1990s, Harry teamed up with New York avant-garde jazz ensemble The Jazz Passengers. Between 1994 and 1998 she was a permanent member of the troupe, touring North America and Europe. She was a featured vocalist on their 1994 album In Love singing the track "Dog In Sand". The follow-up album, 1997's Individually Twisted, is credited as "The Jazz Passengers featuring Deborah Harry" and Harry sings vocals throughout, teaming up with guest Elvis Costello for a cover of "Doncha Go Way Mad". The album also features a re-recorded version of the song "The Tide Is High". A live album entitled Live In Spain, again featuring Harry on vocals, was released in 1998.

Harry collaborated on a number of other projects with other artists. She featured as vocalist on Talking Heads side project The Heads' 1996 release No Talking, Just Head (performing the title track and "Punk Lolita"). She also sings on a cover of "Strawberry Fields Forever" and on the song "Estrella de Mar" by Argentine band Los Fabulosos Cadillacs. In 1997 she collaborated with Jazz Passenger Bill Ware in his side project Groove Thing, singing lead vocals on the club hit "Command and Obey". Another JP collaboration appeared on the Edgar Allan Poe tribute album Closed on Account of Rabies (1997). Harry also reunited with Blondie keyboardist Jimmy Destri for a cover of Otis Blackwell's "Don't Be Cruel" for the 1995 tribute album Brace Yourself. During this period, she also recorded a duet with Robert Jacks entitled "Der Einzige Weg (The Only Way) - Theme from Texas Chainsaw Massacre," which was recorded in German and in English, although these did not surface until 1999. Likewise, at the end of 1999, Chrysalis Records released a "best of" compilation of her solo recordings entitled Most of All - The Best of Deborah Harry, and a remix of her 1989 hit "I Want That Man".

Aside from writing and recording material for Blondie, Harry pursued various other projects. She appears on the 2001 Bill Ware album Vibes 4 singing the track 'Me and You' as well as on ex-Police guitarist Andy Summers's album Peggy's Blue Skylight on the track "Weird Nightmare". A techno cover of Stan Jones' "Ghost Riders in the Sky" was featured on the soundtrack to the film Three Business Men and was available on her website to download. Harry sings on two tracks on Andrea Griminelli's Cinema Italiano project: "You'll Come To Me" (inspired by Amarcord's main theme) and "When Love Comes By" (from Il Postino), as well as on a tribute album reinterpreting the music of Harold Arlen, on which she sings the title track "Stormy Weather". In May 2002, she accompanied The Jazz Passengers and the BBC Concert Orchestra in a performance of her jazz material at the Barbican Centre in London. In 2003, she was featured vocalist on the song "Uncontrollable Love" by electro-clash dance producers Blow Up. She also sang on the version of "Waltzing Matilda" recorded by Dan Zanes and Friends, released on the 2003 album House Party.

Harry also contributed to Fall Out Boy's 2008 album Folie à Deux. She sings on the chorus of the album's closer "West Coast Smoker".

Harry is a credited co-writer on a song called "Supersensual" that appears on Australian singer Natalie Bassingthwaighte's debut album 1000 Stars. The song samples the recognizable "woo-ooo-wo-oh" refrain from "Heart of Glass".

Acting roles[link]

Harry appeared on Broadway with Andy Kaufman in the wrestling play Teaneck Tanzi. A retitled version of the British play Trafford Tanzi, the show opened and closed in one night. Later that year Harry, who had already appeared in a number of independent and underground films, made her major motion picture debut in the David Cronenberg film Videodrome.

Following the release of Rockbird, Harry took a number of acting roles including the villainous Velma Von Tussle in John Waters' Hairspray (1988).

A cover of The Castaways' "Liar Liar" from the soundtrack to the film Married to the Mob was released as a single in the US. Harry's version of Michael Jay's "Mind Over Matter" was also recorded in this period, but never released. Harry starred in a film called Forever Lulu, also known as Crazy Streets, in 1987 alongside Alec Baldwin. She had only one line but made appearances throughout the film. She also starred in the film Intimate Stranger as Cory Wheeler, a telephone sex worker being pursued by a serial killer.^{[citation needed]} Harry's other film roles include Roadie, Union City, New York Beat Movie (otherwise known as Downtown '81), Rock & Rule, Tales from the Darkside: The Movie, Six Ways to Sunday, The Fluffer, Cop Land, Heavy, My Life Without Me, Spun and Full Grown Men. Her television appearances include roles on Tales from the Darkside, Will & Grace, The Muppet Show, MADtv, Sabrina the Teenage Witch, Absolutely Fabulous, Saturday Night Live, The Adventures of Pete and Pete, and Wiseguy.^[22]

Current projects[link]

• Harry is one of the faces of MAC Cosmetics' Viva Glam VI campaign (2006). The campaign donates every cent of the selling price of their lipstick shades to the MAC AIDS Fund, which helps people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide. She is also one of the faces of the RockStars of Science Campaign (2010) alongside other musicians Bret Michaels, Ann & Nancy Wilson of Heart, B.O.B., Keri Hilson, Jay Sean and Timbaland.

• She recently completed recording a new album with Blondie titled Panic Of Girls, which was released on July 4, 2011.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

Compilation albums[link]

Other albums[link]

Harry has made guest appearances on several albums:^[33]

• 'Bout Love (Bill Withers album featuring backing vocals by Debbie Harry) (1978)
• Heart on a Wall (Jimmy Destri album featuring backing vocals by Debbie Harry) (1981)
• Halfway to Sanity (Ramones album featuring backing vocals by Debbie Harry on 1 song: "Go Lil' Camaro Go") (1987)
• Hairspray: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (Debbie Harry features on the song "Hairspray" by Rachel Sweet)
• Like A Girl, I Want You To Keep Coming (Various artists CD - Debbie Harry song: "Invocation to Papa Legba") (1989)
• Standing in the Spotlight (Dee Dee Ramone album featuring backing vocals by Debbie Harry on 2 songs: "Mashed Potato Kid" and "German Kid") (1989)
• Big Trash (Thompson Twins album featuring backing vocals by Debbie Harry on 1 song: "Sugar Daddy", and spoken-word telephone vocals on "Queen of the USA") (1989)
• Just Say Da (Various artists CD - Debbie Harry song: "Maybe for Sure (Tunguska Event 7" Mix)") (1990)
• Prelude to a Kiss Soundtrack - (Various artists - Debbie Harry song: "Prelude to a Kiss") (1992)
• Get Out (Various artists promotional CD issued with Out magazine charter subscriptions - Debbie Harry song: "I Want That Man (Remix/Edit)") (1992)
• Cash Cow (Various artists CD - Debbie Harry song: "Moroccan Rock (Pipe of Pain)") (1993)
• Heck on Wheels Volume 3 (Various artists promotional CD - Debbie Harry song: "Communion") (1993)
• Head On (Die Haut album featuring vocals by Debbie Harry on 1 song: "Don't Cross My Mind") (1993)
• Brace Yourself! A Tribute to Otis Blackwell(various artists tribute album - Debbie Harry song: "Don't Be Cruel") (1994)
• In Love (The Jazz Passengers featuring Deborah Harry vocals on 1 song: "Dog in Sand") (1994)
• Rey Azúcar (Los Fabulosos Cadillacs album - Debbie Harry Vocals on 2 songs: "Strawberry Fields Forever" & "Estrella de Mar") (1995)
• Virtuosity Soundtrack (Soundtrack album - Debbie Harry vocals on 1 song: "No Talking, Just Head" (with The Heads)) (1995)
• No Talking, Just Head (The Heads album - Debbie Harry vocals on 1 song: "No Talking, Just Head") (1996)
• Individually Twisted (The Jazz Passengers featuring Deborah Harry) (1996)
• Live In Spain (The Jazz Passengers featuring Deborah Harry) (1997)
• Six Ways to Sunday Soundtrack - (Soundtrack featuring 2 Debbie Harry songs: "Sunday Girl" (with Blondie and "More, More, More" a short speaking part in "Sex Ed")
• Covers EP (Franz Ferdinand EP featuring the duet "Live Alone") (2011)

Singles[link]

Filmography[link]

Features[link]

• Unmade Beds (1976)
• Deadly Hero (1976)
• The Blank Generation (1976) (documentary)
• The Foreigner (1978)
• Mr. Mike's Mondo Video (1979)
• Union City (1980)
• Roadie (1980)
• Downtown 81 (1981)
• Rock & Rule (1983 (voice)
• Videodrome (1983)
• Terror in the Aisles (1984)
• Forever Lulu (1987)
• Satisfaction (1988)
• Hairspray (1988)
• New York Stories (1989)
• Tales from the Darkside: The Movie (1990)
• Intimate Stranger (1992)
• Body Bags (1993)
• Dead Beat (1994)
• Drop Dead Rock (1995)
• Heavy (1995)
• Wigstock: The Movie (1995) (documentary)
• Cop Land (1997)
• Six Ways to Sunday (1997)
• Joe's Day (1998)
• Zoo (1999)
• Red Lipstick (2000)
• The Fluffer (2001)
• Deuces Wild (2002)
• Spun (2002)
• Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002) (Voice)
• All I Want (2002)
• End of the Century: The Story of the Ramones (2003) (documentary)
• My Life Without Me (2003)
• A Good Night to Die (2003)
• Ghostlight (2003)
• The Tulse Luper Suitcases (2003)
• Mayor of the Sunset Strip (2003) (documentary)
• Picture This: Blondie and Debbie Harry (2004) (documentary)
• Kiki and Herb Reloaded (2005) (documentary)
• Face Addict (2005) (documentary)
• Too Tough to Die: A Tribute to Johnny Ramone (2006) (documentary)
• Full Grown Men (2006)
• Anamorph (2007)
• Elegy (2008)
• Hotel Gramercy Park (2008) (documentary)

Short subjects[link]

• A New Face of Debbie Harry (1982)
• Sandman (1996)
• Who Is Harry Smith? (1998)
• Drive (2002)
• Honey Trap (2005)
• Patch (2005)
• I Remember You Now... (2005)

References[link]

External links[link]

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (September 2011)

	Book: Blondie
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

Official sites[link]

• www.dhbis.com — Deborah Harry & Blondie Mailing List
• Deborah Harry discography at Discogs
• Debbie Harry on Myspace
• Deborah Harry at the Internet Movie Database
• www.blondie.net/deborah_harry.shtml, Deborah Harry's personal blog on Blondie site

Media links[link]

• Media related to Debbie Harry at Wikimedia Commons
• Rock and Roll Hall of Fame entry
• Blondie at Rolling Stone Magazine
• Debbie Harry Pop Culture Madness interview
• Debbie Harry Interview on The Hour with George Stroumboulopoulos
• Debbie Harry at NNDB

v t e Deborah Harry Studio albums Koo Koo (1981) Rockbird (1986) Def, Dumb and Blonde (1989) Debravation (1993) Necessary Evil (2007) Main compilations Once More into the Bleach (Debbie Harry and Blondie) (1988) The Complete Picture: The Very Best of Deborah Harry and Blondie (1991) Deborah Harry Collection (1998) Most of All - The Best of Deborah Harry (1999) French Kissin' - The Collection (2004) Singles "Backfired" (1981) "The Jam Was Moving" (1981) "Chrome" (1981) "Rush Rush" (1984) "Feel the Spin" (1985) "French Kissin" (1986) "In Love with Love" (1987) "Free to Fall" (1987) "Liar, Liar" (1988) "I Want That Man" (1989) "Kiss It Better" (1989) "Brite Side" "Sweet and Low" (1990) "Maybe for Sure" (1990) "Well, Did You Evah!" (Duet with Iggy Pop) (1991) "I Can See Clearly" (1993) "Strike Me Pink" (1993) "I Want That Man (Remix)" (1999) "New York, New York" (Moby featuring Debbie Harry) (2006) "Two Times Blue" (2007) "If I Had You" (2008) "Fit Right In" (2008) Related articles Blondie Chris Stein The Wind in the Willows Book:Blondie

v t e Blondie Clem Burke Jimmy Destri Debbie Harry Chris Stein Leigh Foxx Nigel Harrison Frank Infante Paul Carbonara Kevin Patrick Matt Katz-Bohen Tommy Kessler Gary Valentine Studio albums Blondie Plastic Letters Parallel Lines Eat to the Beat Autoamerican The Hunter No Exit The Curse of Blondie Panic of Girls Compilations The Best of Blondie The Complete Picture: The Very Best of Deborah Harry and Blondie Blonde and Beyond The Platinum Collection Denis Picture This - The Essential Blondie Collection Atomic - The Very Best of Blondie Greatest Hits Greatest Hits: Sight + Sound Greatest Hits: Sound & Vision Live albums Picture This Live Livid Live By Request Blondie at the BBC Singles "X Offender" "In the Flesh" "Rip Her to Shreds" "Denis" "(I'm Always Touched by Your) Presence, Dear" "Picture This" "I'm Gonna Love You Too" "Hanging on the Telephone" "Heart of Glass" "Sunday Girl" "One Way or Another" "Dreaming" "Union City Blue" "The Hardest Part" "Atomic" "Call Me" "The Tide Is High" "Rapture" "Island of Lost Souls" "War Child" "Maria" "Nothing Is Real but the Girl" "No Exit" "Good Boys" "Mother" "What I Heard" Remixes Once More into the Bleach Beautiful - The Remix Album Remixed Remade Remodeled - The Remix Project Related articles Discography Book:Blondie

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Lorraine Kelly OBE
Lorraine Kelly attending an event in 2007
Born	(1959-11-30) 30 November 1959 (age 52) Gorbals, Glasgow[1], Scotland
Occupation	Television presenter, journalist
Years active	1983–present
Spouse	Steve Smith (m. 1992)
Children	One daughter, Rosie
Website
http://www.lorrainekelly.tv

Lorraine Kelly, OBE (born 30 November 1959, Gorbals, Glasgow^[1]) is a Scottish television presenter, journalist and actress, best known as a presenter for TV-am, and later GMTV and ITV Breakfast, on Lorraine. Previously, a reporter and main presenter of TVam's "Good Morning Britain" (1983), one of the UK's original breakfast television news programmes.

Kelly has also made appearances in other television shows. She has served as guest presenters for shows such as Have I Got News for You and This Morning, despite during this period, being the presenter of her talk show, LK Today, which ran between 1993 until 2010, when it was replaced by the re-vamped Lorraine. Kelly has also made actress appearances in the Scottish sitcom, Still Game and the soap opera, River City.

Early life[link]

Kelly's father, John, worked as a television repairman. She spent the first few years of her life in Glasgow before the family moved to East Kilbride where she attended Claremont High School.^[2] She turned down a university place to read English and Russian in favour of a job on the East Kilbride News,^[3] her local newspaper, and then joined BBC Scotland as a researcher in 1983.^[4] She moved to TV-am as an on-screen reporter covering Scottish news in 1984.^[4]

Presenting career[link]

TV-am[link]

In July 1989, Kelly presented TV-am's Summer Sunday programme with chief reporter Geoff Meade, and in February 1990 she became a main presenter of Good Morning Britain alongside Mike Morris.^[5]

GMTV[link]

Kelly helped launch GMTV in January 1993, and presented a range of programmes, including the main breakfast show with Eamonn Holmes.^[6] She presented her show GMTV with Lorraine which aired Monday to Thursday at 08:35 on GMTV, between 1994^[6] and September 2010. According to the Sunday Mirror, Kelly was banned from appearing in an advertising campaign for Asda because her boss, GMTV's managing director Clive Couch, feared that such a move would lead to more bad publicity for GMTV, which was fined £2 million by broadcasting regulator Ofcom in September for conning viewers with its premium-rate phone lines.^[7]

Lorraine Kelly first began presenting Top of the Morning in January 1993. In March when Fiona Armstrong walked out of the main GMTV show, Lorraine moved to the GMTV slot ^[8] and Fern Britton and Amanda Redington took over hosting Top of the Morning. Top Of The Morning was produced by an independent production company.^[9]

In 1994 it was replaced with the GMTV-produced Quarter To Nine which in turn was replaced by Nine O'Clock Live (from September 1994, although the show had been airing from 09:00, since April 1994), which were both presented by Lorraine Kelly. The show proved so popular that it moved to the earlier 08:35 slot and was re-titled Lorraine Live.

The main guest host for Lorraine Kelly when she was ill or on holiday, was Fiona Phillips, but after the birth of Fiona's children, she shared the job with Andrea McLean. Occasionally when neither where available, guest hosts where drafted in like Dale Winton and Paul O'Grady. After 2008, once both Andrea and Fiona had left, guest hosts were drafted in.

In Autumn 2000, as GMTV rebranded to GMTV Today, Lorraine's show changed its name to LK Today. As part of the later rebrand that took place in 2009, the show again changed its title to GMTV with Lorraine, to coincide with GMTV Today changing back to GMTV. Lorraine moved for the first time into the main GMTV studio, instead of having her own part of the studio to host from. In April 2010 to make GMTV's programming more consistent, GMTV with Lorraine began airing all year round, instead of breaking during school holidays, with guest presenters.

In November 2009, ITV plc took full control of the broadcaster after purchasing The Walt Disney Company's 25% share.^[10] On 9 July 2010, as well as the announcement that GMTV had been axed to make way for Daybreak, it was also revealed that Lorraine's new programme Lorraine would replace GMTV with Lorraine^[11] On 15 July 2010, Lorraine presented her last show before leaving, and throughout the Summer holidays Fiona Phillips, Emma Bunton and Kirsty Gallacher each presented her show for two weeks.^[12] Emma Bunton presented the final week of the show.

[edit] Daybreak and Lorraine

In September 2010, GMTV came to an end, with ITV Breakfast taking over. Lorraine launched with a brand new look, alongside Daybreak, and airs every weekday at 8.30am. Each day the presenter gives a brief introduction describing what's coming up on the show, before discussing the main stories from the morning's newspapers with a male and female reviewer. On Fridays this is replaced by a showbiz update from Dan Wootton and a LA update from Ross King. The show's first guest(s) tends to be interviewed next aside from Mondays which feature Lorraine Investigates with Craig Doyle, Wednesdays which feature fashion from Mark Heyes and Thursdays which feature money-saving advice from Martin Lewis. A summary of the days news is shown at 09:00 from the Daybreak studio, presented by Tasmin Lucia Khan. The chef who is appearing that week then cooks their dish for the day in "Lorraine's Kitchen", before the final guest(s) makes their appearance. The competition that runs on Daybreak also appears throughout the show. The programme is sponsored by Garnier,^[13] having been previously being sponsored by Actimel and Jergans Naturals.^[14]

The first edition of Lorraine aired on Monday 6 September 2010. A preview on Daybreak revealed the new studio look as spacious and vibrantly coloured in a variety of pastel hues and decorative motifs dominated by pink. The sofa for the presenter and guests is pink and arranged in a semicircle around a central internally lit coffee table similar to that used for Daybreak. Lorraine's first guest was actress Gemma Arterton. The first programme also featured an interview with Sarah Parish^[15] and a recipe by TV chef James Tanner while Celia Walden^[16] and Kevin Maguire^[17] reviewed the morning's newspapers.

On 4 May 2012 it was confirmed that Kelly would takeover as a presenter on Lorraine sister programme Daybreak later in 2012.^[18][19]

Other television work[link]

Kelly presented Liquid News,^[20] Liquid Eurovision^[21][22] and became the national spokeswoman for the United Kingdom during the collation of votes at the Eurovision Song Contest, in both 2003 and 2004, replacing the long-serving Colin Berry.^[23]

She has made several appearances on Have I Got News for You^[24] and has also presented it.^[25]

From 2004, she co-presented This Morning with Phillip Schofield, on Mondays and Fridays,^[26] to allow Fern Britton to spend more time with her family,^[27] but she left in March 2006.

Kelly acted as the guest host for two shows in 2006. Firstly for an episode of The Friday Night Project for Channel 4^[24] and The New Paul O'Grady Show.^[24] She did so again for Paul O'Grady on 30 November 2006, her 47th birthday and owing to sheer popularity, in November 2007 and April 2008.^[28]

Kelly also hosted the annual Glenfiddich Spirit of Scotland Awards in 2005^[29] and 2006 for STV.^[30]

Kelly filmed an ITV documentary programme Secrets Revealed - DNA Stories in 2006, made by STV Productions,^[31] and broadcast on Sky Real Lives. A second series was shown on the channel in 2008.^[32]

Kelly filmed a six-part documentary series Lorraine Kelly's Big Fat Challenge shown on Bio in 2010.^[33] The series featured Kelly and a team of experts putting 'Britain's fattest family', the Chawner family through their paces in order to lose weight and transform their lives.^[34] Daughter Emma Chawner is best known for her unsuccessful appearances on The X Factor.^[34]

In 2010, in conjunction with the Missing People charity,^[35] Sky and STV^[36] produced a new documentary series hosted by Kelly, about missing mothers.^[37] This series followed the success of Sky’s previous successful missing person series Missing Children: Lorraine Kelly Investigates.^[38]

In 2011, Kelly was the presenter of the ITV1 series Children's Hospital, and presented episode three of the BBC Two series Never Mind The Buzzcocks; whilst it was in its 25th series. She was also a guest on the fifth season of Would I Lie to You.

Lorraine Kelly provides VoiceOver and narration on the CBeebies show Raa Raa the Noisy Lion. In Spring 2012, Kelly appeared as a panellist on Mad Mad World for ITV

Writing[link]

Kelly writes weekly columns for The Sun^[39] and The Sunday Post.^[40] She was announced as the first Agony Aunt for the Royal Air Force's fortnightly RAF News on 7 October 2009.^[41]

Other interests[link]

Kelly is a celebrity patron of the Association for International Cancer Research.^[4][42]

Awards and honours[link]

In April 1991, Kelly was awarded the TRIC Diamond Jubilee Award for New Talent of the Year.^{[citation needed]} In 2004 she was elected as the the first female Rector of the University of Dundee, being formally installed to office on 28 April 2004. She held this position until 2007.^[43][4][6] On 20 June 2008 she was awarded an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University^[44] for her services to charity.^[45]

In a survey Kelly was voted the celebrity most people would like to buy a car from.^[46] In a recent article from the Daily Mail, Kelly was described as, 'TV's best-loved sofa star'.^[47]

Kelly was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2012 New Year Honours for services to charity and the armed forces.^[48][49]

Personal life[link]

Kelly lives in Dundee.^[50] She is a Dundee United fan^[3] and attends most games.^[51]

Kelly had been unable to present her show Lorraine due to an horse accident on 21 February 2012, guest presenters then presented her show instead,^[52][53] and after recovering she returned on 16 April 2012.

Filmography[link]

Bibliography[link]

• Lorraine Kelly's Nutrition Made Easy (Virgin Books, due January 2009)
• Lorraine Kelly's Junk-Free Children's Eating Plan (Virgin Books, 2007)
• Lorraine Kelly's Baby and Toddler Eating Plan (Virgin Books, 2002/2004/2006)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lorraine Kelly Official website
• Lorraine Kelly on Twitter
• Lorraine Kelly at the Internet Movie Database
• The Lorraine Kelly Appreciation Society

Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke of Austria-Este
Reign	1889–1914
Predecessor	Francis II As Archduke of Austria-Este Also Francis V as Duke of Modena
Successor	Charles
Spouse	Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg
Issue
Princess Sophie von Hohenberg Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg Prince Ernst von Hohenberg
House	House of Habsburg-Lorraine
Father	Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria
Mother	Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies
Born	(1863-12-18)18 December 1863 Graz, Austrian Empire
Died	28 June 1914(1914-06-28) (aged 50) Sarajevo, Austria-Hungary
Signature
Religion	Roman Catholic

Monarchical styles of Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Este
Reference style	His Imperial and Royal Highness
Spoken style	Your Imperial and Royal Highness
Alternative style	Sir

Archduke Franz Ferdinand (right) with his family

Franz Ferdinand (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne.^[1] His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. This caused the Central Powers (including Germany and Austria-Hungary) and the Allies of World War I (countries allied with Serbia) to declare war on each other, starting World War I.^[2][3][4]

He was born in Graz, Austria, the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (younger brother of Franz Joseph and Maximilian) and of his second wife, Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. When he was only twelve years old, his cousin Duke Francis V of Modena died, naming Franz Ferdinand his heir on condition that he add the name Este to his own. Franz Ferdinand thus became one of the wealthiest men in Austria.

Heir presumptive[link]

In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's life changed dramatically. His cousin Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide at his hunting lodge in Mayerling,^[5] leaving Franz Ferdinand's father, Archduke Karl Ludwig, as first in line to the throne. However, his father died of typhoid fever after the Crown Prince's death.^[6] Henceforth, Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed. Despite this burden, he did manage to find time for travel and personal pursuits - for example, the time he spent hunting kangaroos and emus in Australia in 1893,^[7] and the return trip to Austria sailing across the Pacific on the RMS Empress of China from Yokohama to Vancouver.^[8]

Military career[link]

Franz Ferdinand, like most males in the ruling Habsburg line, entered the army from a young age. He was frequently and rapidly promoted, given the rank of lieutenant at age fourteen, captain at twenty-two, colonel at twenty-seven, and major general at thirty-one.^[9] While never receiving formal staff training, he was considered eligible for command and at one point briefly led the primarily Hungarian 9th Hussar Regiment.^[10] In 1898 he was given a commission "at the special disposition of His Majesty" to make inquiries into all aspects of the military services and military agencies were commanded to share their papers with him.^[11]

He exerted influence on the armed forces even when he did not hold a specific command through a military chancery that produced and received documents and papers on military affairs. This was headed by Alexander Brosch von Aarenau and eventually employed a staff of sixteen.^[11].

Franz in 1913, as heir-presumptive to the elderly emperor, had been appointed inspector general of all the armed forces of Austria-Hungary (Generalinspektor der gesamten bewaffneten Macht), a position superior to that previously held by Archduke Albrecht and including presumed command in wartime.^[12]

Marriage and family[link]

In 1894 Franz Ferdinand met Countess Sophie Chotek at a ball in Prague. To be an eligible marriage partner for a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, one had to be a member of one of the reigning or formerly reigning dynasties of Europe. The Choteks were not one of these families, although they did include among their ancestors, in the female line, princes of Baden, Hohenzollern-Hechingen, and Liechtenstein. One of Sophie's direct ancestors was Albert IV, Count of Habsburg; she was descended from Elisabeth of Habsburg, a sister of King Rudolph I of Germany. Franz Ferdinand was a descendant of King Rudolph I. Sophie was a lady-in-waiting to Archduchess Isabella, wife of Archduke Friedrich, Duke of Teschen. Franz Ferdinand began to visit Archduke Friedrich's villa in Pressburg (now Bratislava). Sophie wrote to Franz Ferdinand during his convalescence from tuberculosis on the island of Lošinj in the Adriatic. They kept their relationship a secret for more than two years.^{[citation needed]}

Deeply in love, Franz Ferdinand refused to consider marrying anyone else. Pope Leo XIII, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and the German Emperor Wilhelm II all made representations on his behalf to Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, arguing that the disagreement between Franz Joseph and Franz Ferdinand was undermining the stability of the monarchy.^{[citation needed]}

Finally, in 1899, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to permit Franz Ferdinand to marry Sophie, on condition that the marriage would be morganatic and that their descendants would not have succession rights to the throne.^[5] Sophie would not share her husband's rank, title, precedence, or privileges; as such, she would not normally appear in public beside him. She would not be allowed to ride in the royal carriage or sit in the royal box.^{[citation needed]}

The wedding took place on 1 July 1900, at Reichstadt (now Zákupy) in Bohemia; Franz Joseph did not attend the affair, nor did any archduke including Franz Ferdinand's brothers.^[5] The only members of the imperial family who were present were Franz Ferdinand's stepmother, Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza, and her two daughters. Upon the marriage, Sophie was given the title "Princess of Hohenberg" (Fürstin von Hohenberg) with the style "Her Serene Highness" (Ihre Durchlaucht). In 1909, she was given the more senior title "Duchess of Hohenberg" (Herzogin von Hohenberg) with the style "Her Highness" (Ihre Hoheit). This raised her status considerably, but she still yielded precedence at court to all the archduchesses. Whenever a function required the couple to gather with the other members of royalty, Sophie was forced to stand far down the line of importance, separated from her husband.^{[citation needed]}

Franz Ferdinand's children were:

• Princess Sophie von Hohenberg (1901–1990), married Count Friedrich von Nostitz-Rieneck (1891–1973)
• Maximilian, Duke of Hohenberg (1902–1962), married Countess Elisabeth von Waldburg zu Wolfegg und Waldsee (1904–1993)
• Prince Ernst von Hohenberg (1904–1954), married Marie-Therese Wood (1910–1985)

Character[link]

The German historian Michael Freund described Franz Ferdinand as "a man of uninspired energy, dark in appearance and emotion, who radiated an aura of strangeness and cast a shadow of violence and recklessness ... a true personality amidst the amiable inanity that characterized Austrian society at this time."^[13] As his sometime admirer Karl Kraus put it, "he was not one who would greet you ... he felt no compulsion to reach out for the unexplored region which the Viennese call their heart."^[14] His relations with Emperor Franz Joseph were tense; the emperor's personal servant recalled in his memoirs that "thunder and lightning always raged when they had their discussions."^[15] The commentaries and orders which the heir to the throne wrote as margin notes to the documents of the Imperial central commission for architectural conservation (where he was Protector) reveal what can be described as "choleric conservativism."^[16]

Franz Ferdinand had a fondness for trophy hunting that was excessive even by the standards of European nobility of this time.^[17] In his diaries he kept track of an estimated 300,000 game kills, 5,000 of which were deer. Approximately 100,000 trophies were on exhibit at his Bohemian castle at Konopiště,^[18][19] which he also stuffed with various antiquities, his other great passion.^[20]

Political views[link]

Map of the federalization of Austria-Hungary planned by Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the member states with separate governments

Historians have disagreed on how to characterize the political philosophies of Franz Ferdinand, some attributing generally liberal views on the empire's nationalities while others have emphasized his dynastic centralism, Catholic conservatism, and tendency to clash with other leaders.^[9] He advocated granting greater autonomy to ethnic groups within the Empire and addressing their grievances, especially the Czechs in Bohemia and the Yugoslavic peoples in Croatia and Bosnia, who had been left out of the Austro-Hungarian compromise of 1867.^[21] Yet his feelings towards the Hungarians were less generous; he regarded Magyar nationalism as a revolutionary threat to the Habsburg dynasty and reportedly became angry when officers of the 9th Hussars Regiment (which he commanded) spoke Magyar in his presence - despite the fact that it was the official regimental language.^[10] He further regarded the Hungarian branch of the Dual Monarchy's army, the Honvédség, as an unreliable and potentially threatening force within the empire, complaining at the Hungarians' failure to provide funds for the joint army^[22] and opposing the formation of artillery units within the Hungarian forces.^[23]

He also advocated a careful approach towards Serbia - repeatedly locking horns with Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Vienna's hard-line Chief of the General Staff, warning that harsh treatment of Serbia would bring Austria-Hungary into open conflict with Russia, to the ruin of both Empires.

He was disappointed when Austria-Hungary failed to act as a Great Power, such as during the Boxer Rebellion; in 1900 other nations, including, in his description, "dwarf states like Belgium and Portugal",^[24] sent troops to protect Westerners and punish the Chinese, but Austria-Hungary did not.

Franz Ferdinand was a prominent and influential supporter of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in a time when sea power was not a priority in Austrian foreign policy and the Navy was relatively little known and supported by the public. After his assassination in 1914, the Navy honoured Franz Ferdinand and his wife with a lying in state aboard the SMS Viribus Unitis.

Assassination[link]

The 1911 Gräf & Stift Bois de Boulogne tourer in which Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were riding at the time of their assassination is now located in Heeresgeschichtliches Museum in Vienna

Franz Ferdinand's blood-stained uniform

The Latin Bridge near the assassination site

Austria-Hungary commemorative postage stamp

On Sunday, 28 June 1914, at approximately 10:45 am, Franz Ferdinand and his wife were killed in Sarajevo, the capital of the Austro-Hungarian province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, by Gavrilo Princip, 19 at the time, a member of Young Bosnia and one of a group of assassins organized by the Black Hand.^[4] The event led to a chain of events that eventually triggered World War I.

The couple had previously been attacked when a grenade was thrown at their car. Ferdinand deflected the grenade and it detonated far behind them. He is known to have shouted in anger to local officials, "So you welcome your guests with bombs?!"^[25]

The royal couple insisted on seeing all those injured at the hospital. After travelling there, Franz and Sophie decided to go to the palace, but their driver took a wrong turn onto a side street, where Princip spotted them.^[25] As the car was backing up, Princip approached and shot Sophie in the abdomen and Franz Ferdinand in the jugular. He was still alive when witnesses arrived to render aid.^[4] His dying words to Sophie were, 'Don't die darling, live for our children.'^[25] Princip had used the Browning .32 ACP cartridge,^[26][27][28] a relatively low-power round, and a pocket-sized FN model 1910 pistol.^[29] The archduke's aides attempted to undo his coat but realized they needed scissors to cut it open. It was too late; he died within minutes. Sophie also died on route to the hospital.^[30]

A detailed account of the shooting can be found in Sarajevo by Joachim Remak:^[31]

One bullet pierced Franz Ferdinand's neck while the other pierced Sophie's abdomen. ... As the car was reversing (to go back to the Governor's residence because the entourage thought the Imperial couple were unhurt) a thin streak of blood shot from the Archduke's mouth onto Count Harrach's right cheek (he was standing on the car's running board). Harrach drew out a handkerchief to still the gushing blood. The Duchess, seeing this, called: "For Heaven's sake! What happened to you?" and sank from her seat, her face falling between her husband's knees.

Harrach and Potoriek ... thought she had fainted ... only her husband seemed to have an instinct for what was happening. Turning to his wife despite the bullet in his neck, Franz Ferdinand pleaded: "Sopherl! Sopherl! Sterbe nicht! Bleibe am Leben für unsere Kinder! - Sophie dear! Don't die! Stay alive for our children!". Having said this, he seemed to sag down himself. His plumed hat ... fell off; many of its green feathers were found all over the car floor. Count Harrach seized the Archduke by the uniform collar to hold him up. He asked "Leiden Eure Kaiserliche Hoheit sehr? - Is Your Imperial Highness suffering very badly?" "Es ist nichts - It is nothing" said the Archduke in a weak but audible voice. He seemed to be losing consciousness during his last few minutes, but, his voice growing steadily weaker, he repeated the phrase perhaps six or seven times more.

A rattle began to issue from his throat, which subsided as the car drew in front of the Konak bersibin (Town Hall). Despite several doctors' efforts, the Archduke died shortly after being carried into the building while his beloved wife was almost certainly dead from internal bleeding before the motorcade reached the Konak.

The assassinations, along with the arms race, nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the alliance system all contributed to the origins of World War I, which began less than two months after Franz Ferdinand's death, with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia.^[32] The assassination of Ferdinand is considered the most immediate cause of World War I.^[33]

Franz Ferdinand is interred with his wife Sophie in Artstetten Castle, Austria.

Present-day commemorations[link]

Monogram

Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his Castle of Artstetten were selected as a main motif for the Austrian 10 euro The Castle of Artstetten commemorative coin, minted on 13 October 2004. The reverse shows the entrance to the crypt of the Hohenberg family. There are two portraits below, showing Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg.

See also[link]

• List of heirs to the Austrian throne
• Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

Ancestry[link]