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Banatski Sokolac
http://wn.com/Banatski_Sokolac -
Bavaria
Bavaria, formally the Free State of Bavaria (, ; ; ), is a state of Germany, located in the southeast of the country. With an area of , it is by far the largest German state by area, forming almost 20% of the total land area of Germany. Bavaria is Germany's second most populous state (after North Rhine Westphalia) with almost 12.5 million inhabitants, more than any of the three sovereign states on its borders. Bavaria's capital is Munich.
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Bloomsbury
Bloomsbury is an area of central London between Euston Road and Holborn, developed by the Russell family in the 17th and 18th centuries into a fashionable residential area. It is notable for its array of garden squares,[http://www.gardenvisit.com/landscape/london/lguide/london-squares.htm Guide to London Squares]. Retrieved 8 March 2007. literary connections (exemplified by the Bloomsbury Group), and numerous hospitals and academic institutions.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. Boston city proper had a 2009 estimated population of 645,169, making it the twentieth largest in the country. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region includes six Massachusetts counties, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, and Worcester, all of Rhode Island and parts of New Hampshire; it is home to 7.5 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
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Brazil
Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Brooklyn
Brooklyn is New York City's most populous borough with approximately 2.5 million residents, and second largest in area.
http://wn.com/Brooklyn -
Dalymount Park
Dalymount Park is an Irish football stadium situated on Dublin's Northside. It is the home of Bohemian F.C., who have played there since the early 20th century. Affectionately known as 'Dalyer' by fans, it was also historically the "home of Irish football" holding Irish internationals and FAI Cup finals. It has also hosted UEFA Champions League qualifiers, UEFA Cup and UEFA Cup Winners Cup matches. However, the ground was hardly developed from the 1940s until the early years of the new century and has fallen out of use as major venue, except for the home games of Bohs.
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Ethiopia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Ethiopia -
Florida
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
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Havasupai
http://wn.com/Havasupai -
India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Jamaica
http://wn.com/Jamaica -
Kingston, Jamaica
Kingston is the capital and largest city of Jamaica, located on the southeastern coast of the island. It faces a natural harbour protected by the Palisadoes, a long sand spit which connects the town of Port Royal and the Norman Manley International Airport to the rest of the island. In the Americas, Kingston is the largest predominantly English-speaking city south of the United States.
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London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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Miami
Miami ( or ) is a major city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the county seat of Miami-Dade County, the most populous county in Florida, and the eighth-most populous county in the United States, with a population of 2,500,625. The 42nd largest city in the United States, with a population of 433,136, it is the principal, central and most populous city of the South Florida metropolitan area. According to United Nations estimates, the Miami Urbanized Area was the fifth most populous urbanized area in the U.S. in 2000 with a population of 4,919,036, but in 2008 that number increased to 5,232,342, making it the fourth-largest urbanized area in the United States, behind New York City, Los Angeles, and Chicago.
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Nassau, Bahamas
Nassau is the capital, largest city, and commercial centre of the Commonwealth of The Bahamas. The city has a population of 260,000 (2008 census), nearly 80 percent of the entire population of The Bahamas (330,000). Lynden Pindling International Airport, the major airport for The Bahamas, is located about west of Nassau city centre, and has daily flights to major cities in the United Kingdom, United States, Canada and the Caribbean. The city is located on the island of New Providence, which functions much like a federal district. While there is no local government, it is governed directly as an administrative division of the national government. Nassau is considered a historical stronghold of pirates.
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Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
http://wn.com/Serbia -
Shashamane
http://wn.com/Shashamane -
The Bronx
http://wn.com/The_Bronx -
Trenchtown
Trenchtown is a neighbourhood located in Kingston, the capital and largest city of Jamaica. The area gets its name from its previous designation as Trench Pen, thirty-three acres of agricultural land once used for livestock by James Trench, an Irish immigrant. The Trench Family abandoned the land in the late nineteenth century. It is a common misconception that the name comes from the large open sewer that runs through the neighbourhood in the middle of Collie Smith Drive.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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University of Miami
The University of Miami (informally referred to as UM, U of M, U Miami, Miami, or The U) is a private, non-sectarian university founded in 1925 with its main campus in the city of Coral Gables, Florida. In addition to its main campus, the University of Miami maintains a medical campus in Miami city proper at the Miami Civic Center and a marine research facility on Virginia Key.
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe ( ; officially the Republic of Zimbabwe and formerly Southern Rhodesia, the Republic of Rhodesia, and Zimbabwe Rhodesia) is a landlocked country located in the southern part of the continent of Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. Zimbabwe has three official languages: English, Shona (a Bantu language), and Ndebele (also a Bantu language).
http://wn.com/Zimbabwe
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Abdias do Nascimento
Abdias do Nascimento (b. March 14, 1914, in Franca, Sao Paulo state) is a prominent Afro-Brazilian scholar, artist, and politician.
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Ahmed Sékou Touré
http://wn.com/Ahmed_Sékou_Touré -
Alvin Patterson
Alvin "Seeco" Patterson is a Jamaican born percussionist. He was a member of The Wailers Band.
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Aston Barrett
Aston Barrett (born Aston Francis Barrett, 22 November 1946, Kingston, Jamaica), often called "Family Man" or "Fams" for short, is a Jamaican bass player and Rastafarian.
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Beverley Kelso
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Black people
The term black people usually refers to a racial group of humans with skin colors that range from light brown to nearly black. According to a recent scientific study, human skin color diversity is highest in sub-Saharan African populations. It is also used to categorize a number of diverse populations together based on historical and prehistorical ancestral relationships. Some definitions of the term include only people of relatively recent Sub Saharan African descent (see African diaspora). Among the members of this group, dark skin is most often accompanied by the expression of natural afro-hair texture. Other definitions of the term "black people" extend to other populations characterized by dark skin, including some indigenous to Oceania and Southeast Asia.
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Bob Dylan
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Bob Marley
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Bunny Wailer
Bunny Wailer, (born '''Neville O'Riley Livingston, April 10, 1947, Jamaica), also known as Bunny Livingston and affectionately as Jah B''', is a singer songwriter and percussionist and was an original member of reggae group The Wailers along with Bob Marley and Peter Tosh. He is widely regarded as a musical legend and is considered one of the longtime standard bearers of reggae music. He has been named by Newsweek as one of the three most important musicians in world music.
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Burning Spear
Winston Rodney, OD (born March 1, 1948), also known as Burning Spear, is a Jamaican and a living legend roots reggae singer and musician. Like many famous Jamaican reggae artists, Burning Spear is known for his Rastafari movement messages.
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Carlton Barrett
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Cedella Booker
http://wn.com/Cedella_Booker -
Che Guevara
http://wn.com/Che_Guevara -
Cherry Smith
Cherry Smith (22 August 1943 – 24 September 2008) was a backing vocalist for the original Wailers from 1963 to 1966.
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Chris Blackwell
Chris Blackwell (born June 22, 1937) is the founder of independent record company Island Records, and has been a music industry mogul for over fifty years. According to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, to which Blackwell was inducted in 2001, he is the single person most responsible for turning the world on to reggae music.
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Cindy Breakspeare
Cynthia Jean Cameron Breakspeare (born October 24, 1954), better known as Cindy Breakspeare, is a Jamaican jazz musician and former model. She was crowned Miss World 1976, and is the mother of Grammy-winning reggae musician Damian Marley.
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Damian Marley
Damian "Jr. Gong" Marley (born July 21, 1978) is a reggae artist who has won three Grammy awards. Damian is the youngest son of Bob Marley.
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David Comissiong
David Comissiong is a Barbadian-born political activist, founder of the Clement Payne Movement, and once served as head of the government's Commission for Pan-African affairs. He is a frequent critic of globalization and United States hegemony. He is one of the key Pan-Africanists in Caribbean politics. Comissiong is an attorney by profession. He is married with two daughters.
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Donald Kinsey
Donald Kinsey born May 12, 1953 in Gary, Indiana is an American guitarist and singer best known as a member of The Wailers Band, the reggae backing group for Bob Marley & The Wailers.
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Earl "Chinna" Smith
Earl "Chinna" Smith (born 6 August 1955) aka Earl Flute is a Jamaican guitarist active since the late 1960s. He is most well known for his work with the Soul Syndicate band and has recorded with many reggae artists, appearing on more than 500 albums.
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Earl Lindo
Earl "Wire" Lindo, b. 7 January 1953 (sometimes referred to as "Wya") is a Jamaican reggae musician. He is a member of The Wailers and has collaborated with numerous reggae artists including Burning Spear.
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Edward Seaga
Edward Philip George Seaga ON PC (born May 28, 1930) was the fifth Prime Minister of Jamaica and Leader of the Jamaica Labour Party from 1980 to 1989. He served as leader of the opposition from 1974 to 1980 and again from 1989 until January 2005. His retirement from political life marked the end of Jamaica's founding generation in active politics; he was the last serving politician to have entered public life before independence.
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Edward Wilmot Blyden
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Eric Clapton
Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945) is an English blues-rock guitarist and singer-songwriter. Clapton is the only person who has been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame three times; as a solo performer, as well as a member of rock bands the Yardbirds and Cream. Throughout his career, Clapton has been viewed by critics and fans alike as one of the most important and influential guitarists of all time, Clapton was ranked fourth in Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and #53 on their list of the "Immortals: 100 Greatest Artists of All Time". In 2010, Clapton was ranked #4 on ''Gibson's'' Top 50 Guitarists of All Time.
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Fela Kuti
http://wn.com/Fela_Kuti -
Frantz Fanon
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Gamal Abdel Nasser
:''This is an Arabic patronymic name; the family name is Abdel Nasser, taken from his father's given name.''
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George Padmore
George Padmore (June 28, 1903–September 23, 1959), born Malcolm Ivan Meredith Nurse, was a Trinidadian who became a leading Pan-Africanist.
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Gian Godoy
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Haile Selassie
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Haile Selassie I
Haile Selassie I (Ge'ez: , "Power of the Trinity") (23 July 1892 – 27 August 1975), born Tafari Makonnen, was Ethiopia's regent from 1916 to 1930 and Emperor of Ethiopia from 1930 to 1974. The heir to a dynasty that traced its origins to the 13th century, and from there by tradition back to King Solomon and the Queen of Sheba, Haile Selassie is a defining figure in both Ethiopian and African history.
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Hopi
http://wn.com/Hopi -
Indigenous peoples
Indigenous peoples are people, communities, and nations who claim a historical continuity and cultural affinity with societies endemic to their original territories that developed prior to exposure to the larger connected civilization associated with Western culture. These societies therefore consider themselves distinct from societies of the majority culture/s that have contested their cultural sovereignty and self-determination.
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Jacob Miller
:For other people named Jacob Miller, see Jacob Miller (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/Jacob_Miller -
James Brown
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Jann Wenner
Jann Simon Wenner (born January 7, 1946) is the co-founder and publisher of the music and politics biweekly Rolling Stone, as well as the owner of ''Men's Journal and Us Weekly'' magazines.
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Jesus
http://wn.com/Jesus -
Joe Higgs
http://wn.com/Joe_Higgs -
John Henrik Clarke
John Henrik Clarke (January 1, 1915 - July 16, 1998), born John Henry Clark, was a Pan-Africanist American writer, historian, professor, and a pioneer in the creation of Africana studies and professional institutions in academia starting in the late 1960s.
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John Lennon
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John Masouri
John Masouri is a well respected journalist, reviewer, contributor and author for reggae music and several of its musical off-shoots including dub, roots and dancehall.
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John Nyathi Pokela
John Nyathi "Poks" Pokela (1922 or 1923–June 30, 1985) was a South African political activist and Chairman of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). Born in Herschel in the Transkei region, he was educated at Healdtown Comprehensive School and the University of Fort Hare. Originally a member of the African National Congress Youth League, he left the African National Congress and helped found the PAC in the late 1950s.
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Johnny Nash
John "Johnny" Lester Nash, Jr. (born August 19, 1940) is an American pop singer-songwriter, best known for his 1972 hit, "I Can See Clearly Now". He was also the first non-Jamaican to record reggae music in Kingston, Jamaica.
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Jonathan Demme
Robert Jonathan Demme (born February 22, 1944) is an American filmmaker, producer and screenwriter. He is best known for directing The Silence of the Lambs, which won him the Academy Award for Best Director.
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Josef Issels
Josef M. Issels (November 21, 1907 - February 11, 1998) was a German physician known for promoting an alternative cancer therapy regimen, the Issels treatment. He claimed to cure cancer patients who had been declared incurable by conventional cancer treatments. During Issels' lifetime, his methods were controversial, and in 1961 he was charged with fraud and manslaughter for allegedly promising fraudulent cancer cures and for the subsequent deaths of patients under his care who refused standard cancer treatment. An initial convinction on the manslaughter charge was overturned in 1964 on the grounds that Issels had genuinely believed that his therapy could cure cancer. The Issels treatment is currently considered unproven and ineffective as a treatment for cancer.
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Joseph Hibbert
Joseph Nathaniel Hibbert (born 1894, date of death unknown) was, along with Leonard Howell, Archibald Dunkley, and Robert Hinds, one of the first preachers of the Rastafari movement in Jamaica following the coronation of Ras Tafari as Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia on 2 November 1930.
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Judy Mowatt
Judy Mowatt (born in 1952) is a Jamaican singer.
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Julian Marley
Julian Ricardo Marley (born 4 June 1975 in London) is a British reggae musician. He is the son of Bob Marley and a Bajan mother, Lucy Pounder. He is a member of the Rastafari movement.
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Julius Nyerere
Julius Kambarage Nyerere (13 April 1922 - 14 October 1999) was a Tanzanian politician who served as the first President of Tanzania and previously Tanganyika, from the country's founding in 1961 until his retirement in 1985.
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Junior Braithwaite
Franklin Delano Alexander Braithwaite, better known as Junior Braithwaite, (4 April 1949 - 2 June 1999) was a reggae musician from Kingston, Jamaica, the youngest member of the vocal group, The Wailing Wailers. The Wailing Wailers was a vocal group Bob Marley and Bunny Wailer started in 1963, together with Braithwaite, when ska music had become popular in Jamaica. Soon after Beverly Kelso and Cherry Smith joined the group as backing vocalists.
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Junior Marvin
Junior Marvin (born Donald Hanson Marvin Kerr Richards Jr) also known as Junior Marvin-Hanson, Junior Hanson and Junior Kerr. He is a Jamaican born guitarist and singer and is best known for his association with Bob Marley and The Wailers. He started his career as Junior Marvin with the band Hanson in 1973. Marvin has also been associated with Gass, Keef Hartley Band, Toots & the Maytals and Steve Winwood. More recently he has appeared at live concerts with others including The Original Wailers.
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Kenneth Kaunda
Kenneth David Kaunda, affectionately known as KK (born April 28, 1924) served as the first President of Zambia, from 1964 to 1991.
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Kwame Nkrumah
Osagyefo Kwame Nkrumah (21 September 1909 - 27 April 1972) was an influential 20th century advocate of Pan-Africanism. He was the first President of Ghana, the first Prime Minister of Ghana and a founding member of the Organization of African Unity. Kwame Nkrumah was the leader of Ghana and its predecessor state, the Gold Coast, from 1952 to 1966, and was the winner of the Lenin Peace Prize in 1963.
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Ky-Mani Marley
Ky-mani is a fitting name for a charismatic artist whose East African name means Adventurous Traveler. The only child of table tennis champion Anita Belnavis and reggae icon Bob Marley, Ky-mani Marley was born in Falmouth,JiMaKa) . At the age of nine he relocated to the inner-city of Miami.
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Leonard Howell
Leonard Percival Howell (June 16, 1898 – 1981) was a Jamaican religious figure. He was one of the first preachers of the Rastafari movement (along with Joseph Hibbert, Archibald Dunkley, and Robert Hinds), and is sometimes known as "The First Rasta."
http://wn.com/Leonard_Howell -
Leonard Jeffries
Leonard Jeffries Jr. (born 1937) is an American professor of Black Studies at the City College of New York, part of the City University of New York. He achieved national prominence in the early 1990s for his controversial statements about Jews and other white people. In a 1991 speech he claimed that Jews financed the slave trade, used the movie industry to hurt black people, and that Whites are "ice people" while Africans are "sun people". Jeffries was discharged from his position as chairman of the Black Studies Department at CUNY, leading to a lengthy legal battle.
http://wn.com/Leonard_Jeffries -
Leslie Kong
http://wn.com/Leslie_Kong -
Malcolm X
Malcolm X (; May 19, 1925 February 21, 1965), born Malcolm Little and also known as El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz (), was an African-American Muslim minister, public speaker, and human rights activist. To his admirers, he was a courageous advocate for the rights of African Americans, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans. His detractors accused him of preaching racism, black supremacy, antisemitism, and violence. He has been described as one of the greatest, and most influential, African Americans in history. In 1998, Time named The Autobiography of Malcolm X one of the ten most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century.
http://wn.com/Malcolm_X -
Marcia Griffiths
Marcia Griffiths (born Marcia Llyneth Griffiths, 23 November 1949, Kingston, Jamaica) is a successful female singer also called the "Queen of Reggae".
http://wn.com/Marcia_Griffiths -
Martin Scorsese
Martin Charles Scorsese (; born November 17, 1942) is an American film director, screenwriter, producer, actor, and film historian. He is the founder of the World Cinema Foundation and a recipient of the AFI Life Achievement Award for his contributions to the cinema, and has won awards from the Oscars, Golden Globe, BAFTA, and Directors Guild of America. Scorsese is president of The Film Foundation, a nonprofit organization dedicated to film preservation.
http://wn.com/Martin_Scorsese -
Maulana Karenga
Maulana Karenga (born Ronald McKinley Everett on July 14, 1941, and also known as Ron Karenga and as M. Ron Karenga) is an African American author, political activist, and college professor best known as the creator of Kwanzaa. Karenga was active in the Black Power movement in the 1960s and 1970s and founded the black nationalist group Us Organization which remains active to this day promoting the philosophy of Kawaida. Kawaida is a philosophy based on social and cultural change.
http://wn.com/Maulana_Karenga -
Menen Asfaw
Empress Menen Asfaw (Baptismal name Wolete Giyorgis) (25 March 1889 - February 15, 1962) was the wife and consort of Emperor Haile Selassie I of Ethiopia. Empress Menen was the daughter of Asfaw, Jantirar of Ambassel. He was a direct descendant of Emperor Lebna Dengel, through Emperor Gelawdewos of Ethiopia and his daughter Princess Enkulal Gelawdewos and this genealogy was deleted from the official history of Etege Menen. The title of Jantirar has traditionally belonged to the head of the family holding the mountain fortress of Ambassel, and Jantirar Asfaw was one of them. Her mother was Woizero Sehin Mikael, half-sister of Lij Iyasu (Iyasu V), and daughter of Negus Mikael of Wollo. Woizero Sehin's mother, Woizero Fantaye Gebru, was a direct descendant of Emperor Susenyos in the "Seyfe Melekot" line. Empress Menen and Emperor Haile Selassie were the parents of six children: Princess Tenagnework, Prince Asfaw Wossen (Emperor-in-Exile Amha Selassie I), Princess Tsehai, Princess Zenebework, Prince Makonnen Duke of Harrar, and Prince Sahle Selassie.
http://wn.com/Menen_Asfaw -
Michael Manley
http://wn.com/Michael_Manley -
Mikal Gilmore
Mikal Gilmore (b. 9 February, 1951 in Portland, Oregon) is an American writer. He was born "Michael Gilmore," but later changed the spelling of his name.
http://wn.com/Mikal_Gilmore -
Mortimer Planno
http://wn.com/Mortimer_Planno -
Motsoko Pheko
Motsoko Pheko is a South African lawyer, author, historian, theologian, academic, and politician.
http://wn.com/Motsoko_Pheko -
Muammar Gaddafi
http://wn.com/Muammar_Gaddafi -
Muhammad Ali
MedalCountry|
http://wn.com/Muhammad_Ali -
Nnamdi Azikiwe
http://wn.com/Nnamdi_Azikiwe -
Norval Marley
Norval Sinclair Marley (1895? - 1955) was a captain in the British Royal Marines. The white Jamaican became famous as the father of the Reggae musician Bob Marley.
http://wn.com/Norval_Marley -
Omali Yeshitela
Omali Yeshitela (born Joseph Waller, October 9, 1941, St. Petersburg, Florida) the founder of the Uhuru Movement based in St. Petersburg, Florida.
http://wn.com/Omali_Yeshitela -
Patrice Lumumba
http://wn.com/Patrice_Lumumba -
Paul Robeson
Paul LeRoy Bustill Robeson (April 9, 1898 – January 23, 1976) was an American bass-baritone concert singer and film actor, who became noted for his wide-ranging social justice activism. A forerunner of the civil rights movement, Robeson was also an All-American athlete, lawyer, writer, trade unionist, peace activist, Phi Beta Kappa Society laureate, and a recipient of the Spingarn Medal and Stalin Peace Prize. Robeson achieved international notoriety for both his artistic accomplishments and his outspoken radical beliefs, which largely clashed with the Jim Crow climate of the pre-civil rights United States. As a result, he became a prime target of the political right during the McCarthyist era. Despite being one of the most internationally famous cultural figures of the 20th century, persecution by the US government and media virtually erased Robeson from mainstream US culture and subsequent interpretations of US history; including civil rights and black history.
http://wn.com/Paul_Robeson -
Peter Tosh
http://wn.com/Peter_Tosh -
Rita Marley
Alpharita Constantia Anderson (born 25 July 1946), better known as Rita Marley, and sometimes called "Nana Rita", is the widow of reggae legend/musician Bob Marley, and a member of the trio the I Threes, Bob Marley's backup singers.
http://wn.com/Rita_Marley -
Roger Steffens
Roger Steffens (born June 17, 1942) is a Brooklyn, New York born actor, author, lecturer, editor, reggae archivist, photographer, producer. Roger is perhaps best known for his reggae archives, in particular his archives of Bob Marley. Six rooms of his home in Los Angeles house his archives, which include the world's largest collection of Bob Marley material. Based on these archives Roger lectures internationally with a multi-media presentation called "The Life of Bob Marley". Roger's radio career began in New York in 1961, and was co-host of the award-winning Reggae Beat on KCRW in Los Angeles and was syndicated on 130 stations worldwide in the 1980s. Roger has two children, Kate and Devon.
http://wn.com/Roger_Steffens -
Runoko Rashidi
Runoko Rashidi is a historian, researcher, writer, world traveler, and public lecturer based in Los Angeles. He focuses on the African presence globally and what he claims to be the African foundations of world civilizations. He is particularly drawn to the African presence in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands, and has coordinated historic educational group tours to India, Aboriginal Australia, the Fiji Islands and Southeast Asia as well as Egypt and Brazil. His academic focus is in "the Black foundations of world civilizations". Many of these claims are incorrect, however, as evidenced by various anthropologic studies.The Races of Europe. Greenwood:USA, 1972 ISBN 0837163285 p.2
http://wn.com/Runoko_Rashidi -
Smokey Robinson
William "Smokey" Robinson, Jr. (born February 19, 1940) is an American R&B; and soul singer-songwriter, record producer, and former record executive. Robinson is one of the primary figures associated with Motown, second only to the company's founder, Berry Gordy. Robinson's consistent commercial success and creative contributions to the label have earned him the title "King of Motown."
http://wn.com/Smokey_Robinson -
Steve Biko
Stephen Biko (18 December 1946 – 12 September 1977) was a noted anti-apartheid activist in South Africa in the 1960s and 1970s. A student leader, he later founded the Black Consciousness Movement which would empower and mobilize much of the urban black population. Since his death in police custody, he has been called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement. While living, his writings and activism attempted to empower black people, and he was famous for his slogan "black is beautiful", which he described as meaning: "man, you are okay as you are, begin to look upon yourself as a human being". Despite friction between the African National Congress and Biko throughout the 1970s the ANC has included Biko in the pantheon of struggle heroes, going as far as using his image for campaign posters in South Africa's first non-racial elections in 1994.
http://wn.com/Steve_Biko -
Steve Bing
Stephen Leo "Steve" Bing (born March 31, 1965) is an American real estate developer, film producer, and donor to progressive causes. He is the founder of the Shangri-La business group, an organization with interests in property, construction, entertainment, and music.
http://wn.com/Steve_Bing -
Stokely Carmichael
Kwame Ture (June 29, 1941 November 15, 1998), also known as Stokely Carmichael, was a Trinidadian-American black activist active in the 1960s American Civil Rights Movement. He rose to prominence first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC, pronounced "snick") and later as the "Honorary Prime Minister" of the Black Panther Party. Initially an integrationist, Carmichael later became affiliated with black nationalist and Pan-Africanist movements. He popularized the term "Black Power".
http://wn.com/Stokely_Carmichael -
Thabo Mbeki
Thabo Mvuyelwa Mbeki
http://wn.com/Thabo_Mbeki -
The Wailers Band
http://wn.com/The_Wailers_Band -
Tyrone Downie
Tyrone Downie is a Jamaican keyboardist/pianist who is most known for his involvement as a member of Bob Marley and The Wailers. He has also played with Peter Tosh, Tom Tom Club, Ian Dury, Burning Spear, Steel Pulse, Alpha Blondy, Tiken Jah Fakoly and Sly & Robbie. He currently resides in France and is a member of the touring band of Youssou N'Dour.
http://wn.com/Tyrone_Downie -
Vernon Carrington
Vernon Carrington (November 1, 1936 - March 22, 2005) founded the Twelve Tribes of Israel branch of the Rastafari movement in 1968. He was also called the Prophet Gad. Members of the Twelve Tribes of Israel view Carrington as a prophet who began the repatriation of Rastafari to Africa, the homeland. He was a member of The Ethiopian World Federation, founded by Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia. Carrington's branch (chapter #15) became The Twelve Tribes Of Israel.
http://wn.com/Vernon_Carrington -
Vivien Goldman
Vivien Goldman is a British journalist, writer and musician. She was born in London, the child of two German-Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany. She studied English and American literature at the University of Warwick. She began her career as a PR officer for Island Records.
http://wn.com/Vivien_Goldman -
W. E. B. Du Bois
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois ( ; February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor.
http://wn.com/W_E_B_Du_Bois -
Wailers Band
http://wn.com/Wailers_Band -
Walter Rodney
Walter Rodney (March 23, 1942 – June 13, 1980) was a prominent Guyanese historian and political activist, who was assassinated in Guyana in 1980.
http://wn.com/Walter_Rodney -
Zap Pow
http://wn.com/Zap_Pow -
Ziggy Marley
David Nesta "Ziggy" Marley (born October 17, 1968, Trenchtown, Jamaica) is a Jamaican musician and leader of the band Ziggy Marley and the Melody Makers. He is the oldest son of Rita and Bob Marley, the roots reggae singer.
http://wn.com/Ziggy_Marley
Marley, Bob Filmography
- Marley (2010)
- Africa Unite: A Celebration of Bob Marley's 60th Birthday (2008)
- The Upsetter (2008)
- Impact: Songs That Changed the World (2007)
- Bob Marley Freedom Road (2007)
- Out of Africa: Heroes and Icons (2005)
- Bob Marley: Spiritual Journey (2004)
- 200 Greatest Pop Culture Icons (2003)
- Bob Marley: The Legend Live (2003)
- Bob Marley: The Legend Live (2003)
- Pink Floyd The Wall Redux (2002)
- Reggae: The Story of Jamaican Music (2002)
- Piñero (2001)
- The Old Grey Whistle Test at 30 (2001)
- Classic Albums: Bob Marley & the Wailers - Catch a Fire (1999)
- Bob Marley: Sun Is Shining - The Remixes (1999)
- Bob Marley Live in Concert (1998)
- Marley Magic (1996)
- The History of Rock 'N' Roll, Vol. 8 (1995)
- Time Will Tell (1992)
- Bob Marley and the Wailers: Live! At the Rainbow (1991)
- Bob Marley and the Wailers: The Bob Marley Story (1984)
- Land of Look Behind (1982)
- Bob Marley (1981)
- Third World (1980)
- Heartland Reggae (1980)
- Reggae Sunsplash (1979)
- La deuxième femme (1978)
- Roots Rock Reggae (1977)
- Beats of the Heart: Roots Rock Reggae (1977)
- Vill så gärna tro (1971)
Bob Marley was born on February 6, 1945, in Nine Miles, Saint Ann, Jamaica, to Norval Marley and Cedella Booker. His father was a Jamaican of English descent. His mother was a black teenager. The couple planned to get married but before the marriage Norval told Cedella that he had to leave Kingston due to illness. He died in 1955, seeing his son only once. It was later suspected that Norval passed on a certain hereditary form of cancer to Bob, which eventually killed him. Bob Marley started his career with the Wailers, a group he formed with 'Peter Tosh' (qv) and Bunny Livingston in 1963. He married 'Rita Marley (I)' (qv) in February 1966, and it was she who introduced him to Rastafarianism. In 1969 Bob, Tosh and Livingston fully embraced Rastafarianism, which would have a great influence on Marley's music in particular and on reggae music in general. The Wailers collaborated with Lee Scratch Perry, resulting in some of the Wailers' finest tracks including "Soul Rebel", "Duppy Conquerer", "400 Years" and "Small Axe". This collaboration ended bitterly, however. The Wailers found out that Perry, thinking the records were his, sold them in England without their consent. This, however, brought the Wailers' music to the attention of 'Chris Blackwell' (qv), the owner of Island Records. Blackwell immediately signed the Wailers and produced their first album, "Catch a Fire". This was followed by "Burnin'", featuring tracks as "Get Up Stand Up" and "I Shot the Sheriff" ('Eric Clapton' (qv)'s cover of that song reached #1 in the US). In 1974 Tosh and Livingston left the Wailers to start solo careers. Marley later formed the band "Bob Marley and the Wailers", with his wife Rita as one of three backup singers called the I-trees. This period saw the release of some groundbreaking albums, such as "Natty Dread", "Rastaman Vibration". In 1976, during a period of spiraling political violence in Jamaica, an attempt was made on Marley's life. Marley left for England, and lived in self-exile for around two years. In England "Exodus" was produced, and it remained on the British charts for 56 straight weeks. This was followed by another successful album, "Kaya". These successes introduced reggae music to the western world for the first time, and established the beginning of Marley's international status. In 1977 Marley had himself checked by a doctor when a wound in his big toe would not heal completely. More tests revealed that he has a form of skin cancer called malignant melanoma. This is usually contracted by Europeans and can be hereditary. It is widely believed, therefore, that Bob inherited the disease from his father, who also apparently suffered from it. He refused to have his toe amputated as his doctors recommended, claiming it contradicted his Rastafarian beliefs. Others, however, claim that the main reason behind his refusal was the possible negative impact on his dancing skills. The cancer was kept secret from the general public, and Bob continued working. Returning to Jamaica in 1978, he continued work and released "Survival" in 1979, followed by a successful European tour. In 1980 he participated at the independence ceremony of Zimbabwe, being the only foreign artist invited. It was a time of great success for Marley, and he started an American tour to reach blacks in the US. He played two shows at Madison Square Garden, but collapsed while jogging in NYC's Central Park on September 21, 1980. The cancer he ignored earlier had finally caught up with him, and it had spread to his brain, lungs and stomach. Bob Marley died in a Miami hospital on May 11, 1981. He was 36 years old.
Marley, Bob Filmography
- The Very Funny Show (2009)
- The Boondock Saints II: All Saints Day (2009)
- Live from the Laugh Factory: Vol 1 (2006)
- Super Secret Movie Rules: Disaster Movies (2004)
- Super Secret Movie Rules: Slashers (2004)
- Super Secret Movie Rules: Sports Underdogs (2004)
- Back by Midnight (2002)
- Mint Condition (2001)
- Hellgig (2001)
- Liars Club (2001)
- Under the Bus (2000)
- The Boondock Saints (1999)
- Pennyweight (1999)
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Three Little Birds
- Redemption Song
- Wake Up and Live, Part 1
- Bend Down Low
- Lively Up Yourself
- Jamming
- Small Axe
- One Love / People Get Ready
- Satisfy My Soul
- Could You Be Loved
- Stir It Up
- High Tide or Low Tide
- Sun Is Shining
- Natural Mystic
- Lively Up Yourself
- 400 Years
- Duppy Conquerer
- Corner Stone
- Keep on Skanking
- Kaya
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Stop That Train
- African Herbsman
- Rebel's Hop
- Adam & Eve
- Trench Town Rock
- Sun is Shining
- No Water
- Soul Almighty
- Mellow Mood
- Concrete Jungle
- Hammer
- Try Me
- My Cup
- Kinky Reggae
- There She Goes
- No More Trouble
- It's Alright
- Ten Commandments of Love
- Touch Me
- 400 Years
- Put It On
- Caution
- Stand Alone
- Sun Is Shining
- Brain Washing
- Corner Stone
- Mr Brown
- Cheer Up
- 400 Years
- My Cup
- Soul Almighty
- Rebel Hop
- Lively Up Yourself
- Small Axe
- Trench Town Rock
- All in One
- No Sympathy
- Rainbow Country
- Soul Captives
- Natual Mystic
- Can't You See
- Redemption Song
- Talkin' Blues
- Three Little Birds
- One Love / People Get Ready
- Waiting in Vain
- So Much Trouble in the World
- Stir It Up
- Keep On Moving
- Trench Town Rock
- Them Belly Full (But We Hungry)
- Roots, Rock, Reggae
- War
- Iron Lion Zion
- Get Up Stand Up
- Rat Race
- Rebel Music
- Forever Loving Jah
- Who the Cap Fit
- Sun Is Shining
- Trenchtown Rock
- Small Axe
- Rebel's Hop
- Mellow Mood
- Kaya
- Soul Almighty
- Caution
- Touch Me
- How Many Times
- There She Goes
- African Herbsman
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Natural Mystic
- Hammer
- Fussing & Fighting
- Keep On Moving
- Riding High
- Try Me
- Cheer Up
- Back Out
- Sun Is Shining
- Lively up Yourself
- Soul Rebel
- Put It On
- Duppy Conqueror
- Don't Rock My Boat
- Mr. Brown
- Corner Stone
- Chances Are
- Do It Twice
- Soul Rebel
- Do It Twice
- Trench Town Rock
- 400 Years
- Natural Mystic
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Back Out
- Small Axe
- Rainbow Country
- Keep on Moving
- There She Goes
- Treat You Right
- Hammer
- You Can't Do That to Me
- Chances Are
- Mellow Mood
- Don't Rock My Boat
- Kaya
- Rebel's Hop
- Soul Almighty
- Trenchtown Rock
- African Herbsman
- Stand Alone
- Mr. Brown
- Brain Washing
- 400 Years
- All in One
- Caution
- Soon Come
- Go Tell It on the Mountain
- Kaya
- Rainbow Country
- Soul Rebel
- African Herbsman
- Try Me
- It's Alright
- There She Goes
- You Can't Do That to Me
- No Sympathy
- Touch Me
- Hammer
- My Cup
- Chances Are
- Treat You Right
- No Water
- Corner Stone
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Lively Up Yourself
- Trench Town Rock
- Stand Alone
- Fussing and Fighting
- Memphis
- Brian Washing
- Duppy Conqueror
- Riding High
- Reaction
- Soul Almighty
- Sun Is Shining
- Small Axe
- All in One
- 400 Years
- Mr. Brown
- Sun Is Shining
- Natural Mystic
- Stand Alone
- Small Axe
- Soul Rebel
- Trench Town Rock
- No Sympathy
- Keep On Moving
- Stop That Train
- Put It On
- Soul Almighty
- Kaya
- Treat You Right
- Chances Are
- Riding High
- Lively Up Yourself
- Cheer Up
- Can't You See
- Mr. Brown
- Soul Rebel
- Duppy Congqueror
- Four Hundred Years
- Try Me
- African Herbsman
- Keep On Moving
- Fussing And Fighting
- Stand Alone
- My Cup
- Put It On
- Sun Is Shining
- Rebel's Hop
- Brand New Second Hand
- Corner Stone
- No Water
- Jah Is Mighty
- Riding High
- Brainwashing
- Dreamland
- African Herbsman
- Lively Up Yourself
- Fussing and Fighting
- Soul Rebel
- Soul Shakedown
- 400 Years
- Sun Is Shining
- Natural Mystic
- Soul Almighty
- Kaya
- Reaction
- No Sympathy
- Mellow Weeds
- Trench Town City
- Cheer Up
- Small Axe
- Rebel's Hop
- Caution
- Rainbow Country
- Can't You See
- Trench Town Rock
- Mr. Brown
- How Many Times
- Soul Rebel
- Treat You Right
- Reaction
- All in One
- Brain Washing
- Cheer Up
- Lively Up Yourself
- Kaya
- Rainbow Country
- Soul Rebel
- African Herbsman
- Try Me
- It's Alright
- There She Goes
- You Can't Do That To Me
- No Sympathy
- Touch Me
- Hammer
- My Cup
- Chances Are
- Treat You Right
- No Water
- Corner Stone
- Natural Mystic
- Caution
- There She Goes
- No Water
- Soul Shakedown Party
- It's Alright
- Small Axe
- Soul Almighty
- My Cup
- Treat You Right
- Can't You See
- Sun Is Shining
- No More Trouble
- Rebel Music
- Johnny Was
- Concrete Jungle
- Rastaman Chant
- Guiltiness
- Turn Your Lights Down Low
- Jammin'
- Kinky Reggae
- Roots, Rock, Reggae
- Survival
- Burnin' And Lootin'
- Kaya
- Rainbow Country
- Put It On
- Fussin' Fightin'
- Duppy Conqueror
- Memphis
- Small Axe
- Soul Rebel
- Try Me
- Stand Alone
The Best of the Upsetter Years 1970-1971 (Bob Marley vs. Lee Scratch Perry)
(Released 1999)
select all
add to playlist
- Mr. Brown
- Soul Rebel
- Fussing and Fighting
- Sun Is Shining
- Duppy Conqueror
- Small Axe
- African Herbsman
- Kaya
- Dreamland (feat. Bunny Wailer)
- It's Allright
- My Cup
- Put It On
- Keep On Moving
- 400 Years (feat. Peter Tosh)
- Try Me
- Stand Alone
- Lively Up Yourself
- Trench Town Rock
- Shocks of Mighty
- Shocks of Mighty, Part 2
- Don't Let the Sun Catch You Crying
- Upsetting Station
- Zig Zag
- Run for Cover
- Long Long Winter
- All in One
- Copasetic
- One in All
- More Axe
- Battle Axe
- Shoks '71
- The Axe Man
- Send Me That Love
- Man to Man
- Nicoteen
- Rock Me Boat
- Like It Like This
- Love Light
- Keep On Moving
- Moving Version
- Rainbow Country
- Soul Shake Down Party
- Lively Up Yourself
- Mr. Brown
- Cheer Up
- Brain Washing
- Try Me
- Jah Is Mighty
- Trench Town Rock
- No Sympathy
- Thank You Lord
- Fussing And Fighting
- Corner Stone
- Wisdom
- Put It On
- Four Hundred Years
- Mr. Chatterbox
- Kaya
- Reaction
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Touch Me
- Hammer
- Chance Are
- Treat You Right
- Trench Town Rock
- All In One
- Soul Rebel
- Try Me
- It's All Right
- No Sympathy
- No Water
- Reaction
- Rainbow Country
- Natural Mystic
- Soul Rebel
- It's Alright
- How Many Times
- Try Me
- No Water
- Reaction
- Corner Stone
- Chances Are
- Touch Me
- You Can't Do That to Me
- Sun Is Shining
- Treat You Right
- Reaction
- Go Tell It On The Mountain
- I Gotta Keep On Moving
- Fussing And Fighting
- African Herbman
- Mr. Brown
- Soul Rebel
- Caution
- No Sympathy
- It's Alright
- Cheer Up
- Don't Rock That Boat
- Judge Not
- Stir It Up (Original)
- Nice Time
- Back Out
- Who The Cap Fit
- Do It Twice
- Legalize It
- Caution
- One Cup Of Coffee
- Hypocrites
- Wake Up And Live
- Don't Rock My Boat
- Mellow Mood (Original)
- Smile Jamaica
- Thank You Lord (Original)
- Bus Dem Shut (Pyaka)
- One Dub
- One Love
- Bend Down Low
- Kinky Reggae
- Cheer Up
- Pressure
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Stop That Train
- Why Should I (Previously Unreleased)
- Catch A Fire (Original Jama. Version) Kinky Reggae
- Lee Scratch Perry Vs Try Me
- Soul Rebel (Original)
- No Water
- Keep On Moving (London Version)
- I'm Still Waiting
- Simmer Down
- Legalize It (Live 4-10-75)
- Kaya
- Lively Up Yourself
- Pick Myself Up
- Reggae Fever
- All Day All Night (Original)
- Jah Live (Original)
- African Herbsman (Original Vocal)
- High Tide Or Low Tide (Original)
- Mr. Brown
- Jah Is Mighty
- Downpressor Man
- Stop That Train (Live)
- Corner Stone
- One Love (Live 4.10.75)
- Trenchtown Rock
- This Train
- Soul Rebel
- Arise Blackman
- No Sympathy (Version)
- Natural Mystic
- Keep On Moving
- Soul Captives
- How Many Times
- Back Out
- Mellow Mood
- Rebel's Hop
- Do It Twice
- Put It On
- Caution
- It's Alright
- You Can't Do That To Me
- My Cup
- Treat You Right
- No Water
- Memphis
- Small Axe
- All In One
- Mr Brown
- Reaction
- Sun Is Shining
- Soul Rebel
- Sun Is Shining
- Small Axe
- It's Alright
- Rainbow Country
- How Many Times
- No Water
- Cheer Up
- No Sympathy
- Corner Stone
- Mr Brown
- Stop That Train
- Trench Town Rock
- Don't Rock My Boat
- Do It Twice
- Mellow Mood
- Stand Alone
- Memphis
- 400 Years
- Caution
- My Cup
- Try Me
- Soul Almighty
- Chances Are
- Natural Mystic
- Lively Up Yourself
- Riding High
- Fussing and Fighting
- Touch Me
- There She Goes
- Treat You Right
- Duppy Conqueror
- Keep On Moving
- Soon Come
- Rebel's Hop
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Rainbow Country
- All in One
- Like It Like This
- Treat You Right
- Satisfy My Soul
- Downpresser
- More Axe
- Copasetic
- Soul Rebel
- Picture on the Wall (version 4)
- Turn Me Loose
- Keep on Moving
- Mellow Mood
- Riding High
- Soul Almighty
- Brain Washing
- Satisfy My Soul
- Soul Rebels
- Concrete Jungle
- Soul Almighty
- Redder Than Red
- My Cup (I've Got To Cry)
- Thank You Lord
- Nice Time
- Try Me (I've Got The Action)
- Don't Rock My Boat
- One Love
- Love Life
- Rainbow Country
- Long Long Winter
- Put It On
- Keep On Moving
- No Water Can Quench My Thirst
- It's All Right
- Reaction
- Corner Stone
- Exodus
- Fussing and Fighting
- Get Up Stand Up
- I Shot the Sheriff
- Is This Love
- Kaya
- Lively Up Yourself
- Natty Dread
- Natural Mystic
- No Woman No Cry
- Rat Race
- Revolution
- Soul Captives
- Soul Rebel
- Stir It Up
- Trench Town Rock
- Rebel's Hope
- 400 Years
- Corner Stone
- Lively Up Yourself
- Duppy Conqueror V/4
- Stand Alone
- Keep On Moving
- Try Me
- Reaction
- Stop That Train
- Small Axe
- It's All Right
- My Cup
- Sun Is Shining
- Kaya
- No Water
- Keep On Shankin
- Brain Washing
- No Sympathy
- Mr. Brown
- Corner Stone
- Riding High
- It's Alright
- All in One
- Copasetic
- Sun Is Shining
- Man to Man
- Nicotine
- Do It Twice
- Wisdom
- Dracula
- Mr. Chatterbox
- Kaya
- One in All
- Soul Rebel
- Chances Are
- Put It On
- Slave Driver
- Mellow Mood
- 400 Years
- Baby We've Got A Date
- No More Troubles
- Try Me
- It's Alright
- Sun Is Shining
- No Sympathy
- My Cup
- Corner Stone
- No Water
- Soul Almighty
- Reaction
- There She Goes
- Stir It Up
- Concrete Jungle
- Lively Up Yourself
- Soul Rebel
- Do It Twice
- Don't Rock My Boat
- Mellow Mood
- Treat You Right
- Rainbow Country
- Hammer
- Caution
- Trench Town Rock
- Trenchtown Rock
- Rainbow Country
- Stop The Rain
- Soul Rebel
- 400 Years
- Stand Alone
- African Herbsman
- Brain Washing
- Rebel's Hope
- Lively Up Yourself
- Mr. Brown
- All In One
- Mellow Moods
- Riding High
- One Love
- Small Axe
- Rebel's Hop
- Soul Almighty
- Kaya
- Duppy Conqueror
- Trench Town Rock
- Lord I'm Comin'
- 400 Years
- Lively Up Yourself
- Stir It Up
- Soul Captive
- Back Out
- Soon Come
- Riding High
- Baby We Got a Date
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Slave Driver
- Do It Twice
- Stop the Train
- Keep on Moving
- All in One
- Soul Captive
- 400 Years
- Small Axe
- Trench Town Rock
- Duppy Conqueror
- Do It Twice
- Riding High
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Mr. Brown
- Natural Mystic
- Soul Rebel
- African Herbsman
- The Sun Is Shining
- Don't Rock My Boat
- Soul Rebel
- Kaya
- Rebel's Hop
- Cheep Up
- Trenchtown Rock
- Sun Is Shining
- Stand Alone
- Dont Rock My Boat
- Fussin & Fightin
- Try Me
- How Many Times
- Soul Captive
- Treat You Right
- Stop the Train
- One Love
- Small Axe
- Rebel's Hop
- Soul Almighty
- Kaya
- Duppy Conquerer
- Trench Town Rock
- Lord I'm Commin'
- 400 Years
- Lively Up Yourself
- Stir It Up
- Soul Captive
- Back Out
- Soon Come
- Riding High
- Baby We Got A Date
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Slave Driver
- Do It Twice
- Stop The Train
- Lively Up Yourself
- Four Hundred Years
- Trench Town Rock
- African Herbsman
- Soul Almighty
- Duppy Conqueror
- Do it Twice
- Riding High
- Soul Shake Down Party
- Kaya
- Concrete Jungle
- Satisfy My Soul
- Rainbow Country
- Keep on Movin'
- My Cup (I've Got to Cry)
- Power and More Power
- Hypocrites
- Soul Almighty
- Lively Up Yourself
- Small Axe
- Trench Town Rock
- Soul Rebel
- No Sympathy
- 400 Tears
- Sun Is Shining
- Natural Mystic
- Lively Up Yourself
- 400 Years (feat. Peter Tosh)
- Duppy Conquerer
- Corner Stone
- Keep on Skanking
- No Sympathy (feat. Peter Tosh)
- Dracula (Mr. Brown Rhythm)
- Kaya
- Reaction
- Soul Shakedown Party
- Stop the Train (feat. Peter Tosh)
- African Herbsman
- Rebel's Hop
- Caution
- Adam & Eve
- Trench Town Rock
- Mr. Brown
- No Water
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Bob Marley. Jamming.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:16
- Published: 31 Aug 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Great Quality. Bob Marley- "Jamming" RIP Bob
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Jamming
Bob Marley - One Love
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:53
- Published: 31 Aug 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
One Love/People Get Ready by Bob Marley & The Wailers. Remember to add &fmt=18 at the end of the URL to listen in high quality! LYRICS: One Love! One Heart! Let's get together and feel all right. Hear the children cryin' (One Love!); Hear the children cryin' (One Heart!), Sayin': give thanks and praise to the Lord and I will feel all right; Sayin': let's get together and feel all right. Wo wo-wo wo-wo! Let them all pass all their dirty remarks (One Love!); There is one question I'd really love to ask (One Heart!): Is there a place for the hopeless sinner, Who has hurt all mankind just to save his own beliefs? One Love! What about the one heart? One Heart! What about - ? Let's get together and feel all right As it was in the beginning (One Love!); [ Find more Lyrics at www.mp3lyrics.org/H3P1 ] So shall it be in the end (One Heart!), All right! Give thanks and praise to the Lord and I will feel all right; Let's get together and feel all right. One more thing! Let's get together to fight this Holy Armagiddyon (One Love!), So when the Man comes there will be no, no doom (One Song!). Have pity on those whose chances grows t'inner; There ain't no hiding place from the Father of Creation. Sayin': One Love! What about the One Heart? (One Heart!) What about the - ? Let's get together and feel all right. I'm pleadin' to mankind! (One Love!); Oh, Lord! (One Heart) Wo-ooh! Give thanks and praise to the Lord and I will feel all right; Let's get together and feel all right. Give thanks <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_One_Love
bob marley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 13 Jun 2006
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
bob marley
http://wn.com/bob_marley
Bob Marley - redemption song acustic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:11
- Published: 26 Sep 2007
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Bob Marley - redemption song acustic in studio and the wailers
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_redemption_song_acustic
Bob Marley- Three Little Birds (With Lyrics!)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:01
- Published: 11 Jul 2009
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
From "Legend" lyrics: "Don't worry about a thing, 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right. Singin': "Don't worry about a thing, 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right!" Rise up this mornin', Smiled with the risin' sun, Three little birds Pitch by my doorstep Singin' sweet songs Of melodies pure and true, Sayin', ("This is my message to you-ou-ou:") Singin': "Don't worry 'bout a thing, 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right." Singin': "Don't worry (don't worry) 'bout a thing, 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right!" Rise up this mornin', Smiled with the risin' sun, Three little birds Pitch by my doorstep Singin' sweet songs Of melodies pure and true, Sayin', "This is my message to you-ou-ou:" Singin': "Don't worry about a thing, worry about a thing, oh! Every little thing gonna be all right. Don't worry!" Singin': "Don't worry about a thing" - I won't worry! "'Cause every little thing gonna be all right." Singin': "Don't worry about a thing, 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right" - I won't worry! Singin': "Don't worry about a thing, 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right." Singin': "Don't worry about a thing, oh no! 'Cause every little thing gonna be all right! -check my band www.myspace.com/perpetualnightmarenc
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Three_Little_Birds_With_Lyrics!
Bob Marley- Could you be loved
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:47
- Published: 18 Feb 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Bob Marley- Could you be loved Get some news from the king of Reggae Mr. Bob Marley at www.bobmarleynews.com bob marley bob marley cover reggae music search mp3 music search mp3 downloads
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Could_you_be_loved
bob marley jamming
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 30 May 2006
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
bob marley concert
http://wn.com/bob_marley_jamming
Bob Marley Get Up Stand Up
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:18
- Published: 10 Jan 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Bob MArley The Legend Album Rastavibe13 Get Up, Stand Up, stand up for your right (3 times) Get Up, Stand Up, don't give up the fight Preacher man don't tell me heaven is under the earth I know you don't know what life is really worth Is not all that glitters in gold and Half the story has never been told So now you see the light, aay Stand up for your right. Come on Get Up, Stand Up, stand up for your right Get Up, Stand Up, don't give up the fight (Repeat) Most people think great God will come from the sky Take away ev'rything, and make ev'rybody feel high But if you know what life is worth You would look for yours on earth And now you see the light You stand up for your right, yeah! Get Up, Stand Up, stand up for your right Get Up, Stand Up, don't give up the fight Get Up, Stand Up. Life is your right So we can't give up the fight Stand up for your right, Lord, Lord Get Up, Stand Up. Keep on struggling on Don't give up the fight We're sick and tired of your ism and skism game Die and go to heaven in Jesus' name, Lord We know when we understand Almighty God is a living man You can fool some people sometimes But you can't fool all the people all the time So now we see the light We gonna stand up for our right So you'd better get up, stand up, stand up for your right Get Up, Stand Up, don't give up the fight Get Up, Stand Up, stand up for your right Get Up, Stand Up, don't give up the fight. ...
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Get_Up_Stand_Up
Bob Marley- I Shot the Sheriff
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:55
- Published: 29 Jan 2008
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
ethioma.blogspot.com Happy 66th Birthday, Bob! As you said it best, we all have one love and one heart so let's give thanks to the lord and celebrate this man's life! WOO HOO!! 200000000 VIEWS! Great to see everyone around the world coming to one place to enjoy Bob's music. Thank you everyone! My first tribute to my favorite artist Bob Marley. (I shot the sheriff But I didnt shoot no deputy, oh no! oh! I shot the sheriff But I didnt shoot no deputy, ooh, ooh, oo-ooh.) Yeah! all around in my home town, Theyre tryin to track me down; They say they want to bring me in guilty For the killing of a deputy, For the life of a deputy. But I say: Oh, now, now. oh! (I shot the sheriff.) - the sheriff. (but I swear it was in selfdefense.) Oh, no! (ooh, ooh, oo-oh) yeah! I say: I shot the sheriff - oh, lord! - (and they say it is a capital offense.) Yeah! (ooh, ooh, oo-oh) yeah! Sheriff John Brown always hated me, For what, I dont know: Every time I plant a seed, He said kill it before it grow - He said kill them before they grow. And so, and so: Read it in the news: (I shot the sheriff.) oh, lord! (but I swear it was in self-defence.) Where was the deputy? (oo-oo-oh) I say: I shot the sheriff, But I swear it was in selfdefense. (oo-oh) yeah! Freedom came my way one day And I started out of town, yeah! All of a sudden I saw sheriff John Brown Aiming to shoot me down, So I shot - I shot - I shot him down and I say: If I am guilty I will pay. (I shot the sheriff,) But I say (but I didnt <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_I_Shot_the_Sheriff
Bob Marley Stir It Up
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Published: 10 Jan 2008
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
Bob MArley The Legend Album Rastavibe13 Stir it up little darling, stir it up Come on baby come on and stir it up little darling, stir it up It's been a long long time since I've got you on my mind And now you are here I say it's so clear To see what we can do, honey, just me and you Come on and stir it up, little darling, stir it up Come on baby come on and stir it up little darling, stir it up I'll push the wood, I'll blaze your fire Then I'll satisfy your heart's desire Said I'll stir it up, yeah, ev'ry minute, yeah All you got to do is keep it in, baby And stir it up, little darling, stir it up Come on and stir it up, oh, little darling, stir it up, yeah Oh, will you quench me while I'm thirsty? Come and cool me down when I'm hot? Your recipe, darling, is so tasty And you sure can stir your pot So stir it up, little darling, stir it up Come on and stir it up, oh, little darling, stir it up Come on and stir it up, oh, little darling, stir it up
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Stir_It_Up
Bob marley "no woman no cry" 1979
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:19
- Published: 25 Jan 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
A great performance of No Woman No Cry from Bob Marley. For the real fans!! Enjoy it!!
http://wn.com/Bob_marley_no_woman_no_cry_1979
bob marley-buffalo soldier
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:18
- Published: 10 Jul 2009
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
bob marley-buffalo soldier nice song good quality please rate!!! THX FOR 2 millions of views!!! wanna meet the brain after stapmnam?? www.facebook.com wanna know the best singer?? www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/bob_marley-buffalo_soldier
Bob Marley - Legend (full album)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 64:12
- Published: 04 Feb 2012
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Album tracklist 01. Is This Love 02. No Woman No Cry 03. Could You Be Loved 04. Three Little Birds 05. Buffalo Soldier 06. Get Up, Stand Up 07. Stir It Up 08. One Love 09. I shot The Sheriff 10. Waiting In Vain 11. Redemption Song 12. Satisfy My Soul 13. Exodus 14. Jammin'
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Legend_full_album
Bob Marley - Iron Lion Zion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Published: 12 Nov 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
I am on the rock and then I check a stock I have to run like a fugitive to save the life I live Im gonna be iron like a lion in zion (repeat) Iron lion zion Im on the run but I aint got no gun See they want to be the star So they fighting tribal war And they saying iron like a lion in zion Iron like a lion in zion, Iron lion zion Im on the rock, (running and you running) I take a stock, (running like a fugitive) I had to run like a fugitive just to save the life I live Im gonna be iron like a lion in zion (repeat) Iron lion zion, iron lion zion, iron lion zion Iron like a lion in zion, iron like a lion in zion Iron like a lion in zion
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Iron_Lion_Zion
Bob Marley - Redemption Song Live In Dortmund, Germany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:52
- Published: 13 May 2007
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
How long shall they kill our prophets, While we stand aside and look?
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Redemption_Song_Live_In_Dortmund,_Germany
Bob Marley - Is this Love
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Published: 07 Jul 2009
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Bob Marley - Is this love Thanks for the views
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Is_this_Love
Bob Marley - Jammin'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 03 Jun 2007
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Homemade video of Jammin'
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Jammin'
Bob Marley - Get Up Stand Up Live In Dortmund, Germany
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Published: 19 May 2007
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
You can fool some people sometimes, But you can't fool all the people all the time. So now we see the light, We gonna stand up for our rights!
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Get_Up_Stand_Up_Live_In_Dortmund,_Germany
BOB MARLEY THEM BELLY FULL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:03
- Published: 15 May 2008
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
BOB MARLEY THEM BELLY FULL
http://wn.com/BOB_MARLEY_THEM_BELLY_FULL
Bob Marley - No Woman No Cry (version rare)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:28
- Published: 01 Dec 2006
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
No Woman No Cry
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_No_Woman_No_Cry_version_rare
Bob Marley - One Love (spanish subtitles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:52
- Published: 27 Aug 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Bob Marley - One Love (spanish subtitles)
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_One_Love_spanish_subtitles
Bob Marley-War(video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:36
- Published: 19 Oct 2006
- Updated: 20 Jun 2012
Bob Marley-War(video)
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley-Warvideo
Bob Marley - Buffalo soldier
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:16
- Published: 23 Apr 2008
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
Bob Marley - Buffalo soldier
http://wn.com/Bob_Marley_Buffalo_soldier
![Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London, his first UK address.[19][20]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120718235208im_/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/74/23/b0d8f967fac5e21c4e4a32552ab8_small.jpg "Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London, his first UK address.[19][20]")
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![Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London, his first UK address.[19][20]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120718235208/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/74/23/b0d8f967fac5e21c4e4a32552ab8_medium.jpg "Bob Marley's flat in 1972 at 34 Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London, his first UK address.[19][20]")
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photo: Creative Commons / Frank Capra
15 Jul 2012
THE Nazi-hunting Simon Wiesenthal Centre has provided "new evidence" to authorities in Budapest on its most wanted suspect, Laszlo Csatary, who is believed to be living in Hungary. The...
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04 Jul 2012
Singer Miley Cyrus, known for a while as Hannah Montana, is currently engaged to Liam Hemsworth, brother to actor Chris Hemsworth from the movie Thor. When news of their engagement hit the news, many...
Fish-Sucking Parasite Named After Bob Marley
18 Jul 2012
Voa News
A parasitic blood-sucking crustacean recently discovered in Caribbean waters off the Virgin Islands could advance our understanding of how disease is transmitted among marine animals, and may play a role in transmitting a malaria-like fish disease which weakens the animal’s immune system. The...(size: 4.1Kb)
Bob Marley's pesky namesake
16 Jul 2012
The Gleaner
It seems you can't go anywhere these days without hearing some sort of fish joke. And there's nothing funny about that. Thanks to the most recent parliamentary debacle, there's been a spike in fish humour, and everyone's trying to get in on the action. Fish here, fish there, everywhere a fish pun....(size: 4.6Kb)
Clarion Ledger
Bob Marley has been dead for more than 30 years, yet he is not forgotten. His music is still played by man. And, now we have the Bob Marley parasite. The late Jamaican reggae guitarist and singer is now honored by the naming of a tiny blood-sucking...(size: 1.6Kb)
Blood-sucking parasite named after Bob Marley
12 Jul 2012
The Times of India
SHARE AND DISCUSSTweetLOS ANGELES: A blood-sucking parasite which infests fish living on coral reefs in the Caribbean has been named after reggae singer Bob Marley in a tribute to the late Jamaican music...(size: 1.3Kb)
Celebrity Café
A small parasitic crustacean found in Caribbean coral reefs has been named after Jamaican reggae artist Bob Marley. The species is named Gnathia marleyi, with Gnathia denoting the crustacean family Gnathiidae and marleyi...(size: 1.4Kb)
IMDb
An Arkansas State University scientist has paid tribute to Bob Marley by...(size: 0.5Kb)
Indian Express
A blood-sucking parasite which infests fish living on coral reefs in the Caribbean has been named after reggae singer Bob Marley in a tribute to the late Jamaican music icon. The naming is not meant to be a sign of...(size: 1.4Kb)
Tiny honour for Bob Marley
12 Jul 2012
Sydney Morning Herald
KINGSTON. A tiny blood-sucking parasite that infests fish on Caribbean coral reefs has been named after Jamaican reggae...(size: 0.8Kb)
Business Wire
NEW YORK--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Today, Clear Channel Spectacolor announced an agreement with world-renowned photographer David Burnett that pays tribute to legendary reggae icon Bob Marley in New York City’s Times Square. From July 12th – 31st, photographs from David Burnett’s published work, “One on...(size: 8.9Kb)
For the American comedian, see Bob Marley (comedian).
| Bob Marley | |
|---|---|
 Bob Marley performing in concert, circa 1980. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Robert Nesta Marley |
| Also known as | Tuff Gong |
| Born | (1945-02-06)6 February 1945 Nine Mile, Saint Ann, Jamaica |
| Died | 11 May 1981(1981-05-11) (aged 36) Miami, Florida, U.S. |
| Genres | Reggae, ska, rocksteady |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, saxophone, harmonica, percussion |
| Years active | 1962–1981 |
| Labels | Studio One, Upsetter, Tuff Gong |
| Associated acts | Bob Marley & The Wailers, Wailers Band, The Upsetters, I Threes |
| Website | bobmarley.com |
Robert Nesta "Bob" Marley, OM (6 February 1945 – 11 May 1981) was a Jamaican singer-songwriter and musician. He was the rhythm guitarist and lead singer for the ska, rocksteady and reggae band Bob Marley & The Wailers (1963–1981). Marley remains the most widely known and revered performer of reggae music, and is credited with helping spread both Jamaican music and the Rastafari movement to a worldwide audience.[1]
Marley's music was heavily influenced by the social issues of his homeland, and he is considered to have given voice to the specific political and cultural nexus of Jamaica.[2] His best-known hits include "I Shot the Sheriff", "No Woman, No Cry", "Could You Be Loved", "Stir It Up", "Get Up Stand Up", "Jamming", "Redemption Song", "One Love" and, "Three Little Birds",[3] as well as the posthumous releases "Buffalo Soldier" and "Iron Lion Zion". The compilation album Legend (1984), released three years after his death, is reggae's best-selling album, going ten times Platinum which is also known as one Diamond in the U.S.,[4] and selling 25 million copies worldwide.[5][6]
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Bob Marley was born in the village of Nine Mile in Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica as Nesta Robert Marley.[7] A Jamaican passport official would later swap his first and middle names.[8] His father, Norval Sinclair Marley, was a white Jamaican of mixed and English descent whose family came from Sussex, England. Norval was a captain in the Royal Marines,[citation needed] as well as a plantation overseer, when he married Cedella Booker, an Afro-Jamaican then 18 years old.[9] Norval provided financial support for his wife and child, but seldom saw them, as he was often away on trips. In 1955, when Bob Marley was 10 years old, his father died of a heart attack at age 70.[10] Marley faced questions about his own racial identity throughout his life. He once reflected:
I don't have prejudice against meself. My father was a white and my mother was black. Them call me half-caste or whatever. Me don't deh pon nobody's side. Me don't deh pon the black man's side nor the white man's side. Me deh pon God's side, the one who create me and cause me to come from black and white.[11]
Although Marley recognised his mixed ancestry, throughout his life and because of his beliefs, he self-identified as a black African, following the ideas of Pan-African leaders. Marley stated that his two biggest influences were the African-centered Marcus Garvey and Haile Selassie. A central theme in Bob Marley's message was the repatriation of black people to Zion, which in his view was Ethiopia, or more generally, Africa.[12] In songs such as "Black Survivor", "Babylon System", and "Blackman Redemption", Marley sings about the struggles of blacks and Africans against oppression from the West or "Babylon".[13]
Marley and his step brother Bunny Wailer (Bob's mother had a daughter with Bunny's father, younger sister to both of them) started to play music while he was still at school, which he left at the age of 14 to make music with Joe Higgs, a local singer and devout Rastafari. At a jam session with Higgs and Livingston, Marley met Peter McIntosh (later known as Peter Tosh), who had similar musical ambitions.[14] In 1962, Marley recorded his first two singles, "Judge Not" and "One Cup of Coffee", with local music producer Leslie Kong. These songs, released on the Beverley's label under the pseudonym of Bobby Martell,[15] attracted little attention. The songs were later re-released on the box set Songs of Freedom, a posthumous collection of Marley's work. Marley was also known to use an Epiphone guitar for much of his career.
Bob Marley & The Wailers[link]
Main article: Bob Marley & The Wailers
1963–1974[link]
In 1963, Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, Peter Tosh, Junior Braithwaite, Beverley Kelso, and Cherry Smith formed a ska and rocksteady group, calling themselves "The Teenagers". They later changed their name to "The Wailing Rudeboys", then to "The Wailing Wailers", at which point they were discovered by record producer Coxsone Dodd, and finally to "The Wailers". By 1966, Braithwaite, Kelso, and Smith had left The Wailers, leaving the core trio of Bob Marley, Bunny Wailer, and Peter Tosh.[16]
In 1966, Marley married Rita Anderson, and moved near his mother's residence in Wilmington, Delaware in the United States for a short time, during which he worked as a DuPont lab assistant and on the assembly line at a Chrysler plant, under the alias Donald Marley.[17]
Though raised in the Catholic tradition, Marley became captivated by Rastafarian beliefs in the 1960s, when away from his mother's influence.[18] Formally converted to Rastafari after returning to Jamaica, Marley began to wear his trademark dreadlocks (see the religion section for more on Marley's religious views). After a conflict with Dodd, Marley and his band teamed up with Lee "Scratch" Perry and his studio band, The Upsetters. Although the alliance lasted less than a year, they recorded what many consider The Wailers' finest work. Marley and Perry split after a dispute regarding the assignment of recording rights, but they would remain friends and work together again.
Between 1968 and 1972, Bob and Rita Marley, Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer re-cut some old tracks with JAD Records in Kingston and London in an attempt to commercialise The Wailers' sound. Bunny later asserted that these songs "should never be released on an album ... they were just demos for record companies to listen to". Also in 1968, Bob and Rita visited the Bronx to see Johnny Nash's songwriter Jimmy Norman.[21] A three-day jam session with Norman and others, including Norman's co-writer Al Pyfrom, resulted in a 24-minute tape of Marley performing several of his own and Norman-Pyfrom's compositions. This tape is, according to Reggae archivist Roger Steffens, rare in that it was influenced by pop rather than reggae, as part of an effort to break Marley into the American charts.[21] According to an article in The New York Times, Marley experimented on the tape with different sounds, adopting a doo-wop style on "Stay With Me" and "the slow love song style of 1960's artists" on "Splish for My Splash".[21] An artist yet to establish himself outside his native Jamaica, Marley lived in Ridgmount Gardens, Bloomsbury, London during 1972.[19][20]
In 1972, the Wailers entered into an ill-fated deal with CBS Records and embarked on a tour with American soul singer Johnny Nash. Broke, the Wailers became stranded in London. Marley turned up at Island Records founder and producer Chris Blackwell's London office, and asked him to advance the cost of a new single. Since Jimmy Cliff, Island's top reggae star, had recently left the label, Blackwell was primed for a replacement. In Marley, Blackwell recognized the elements needed to snare the rock audience: "I was dealing with rock music, which was really rebel music. I felt that would really be the way to break Jamaican music. But you needed someone who could be that image. When Bob walked in he really was that image."[22] Blackwell told Marley he wanted The Wailers to record a complete album (essentially unheard of at the time). When Marley told him it would take between £3,000 and £4,000, Blackwell trusted him with the greater sum. Despite their "rude boy" reputation, the Wailers returned to Kingston and honored the deal, delivering the album Catch A Fire.
Primarily recorded on eight-track at Harry J's in Kingston, Catch A Fire marked the first time a reggae band had access to a state-of-the-art studio and were accorded the same care as their rock'n'roll peers.[22] Blackwell desired to create "more of a drifting, hypnotic-type feel than a reggae rhythm",[23] and restructured Marley's mixes and arrangements. Marley travelled to London to supervise Blackwell's overdubbing of the album, which included tempering the mix from the bass-heavy sound of Jamaican music, and omitting two tracks.[22]
The Wailers' first major label album, Catch a Fire was released worldwide in April 1973, packaged like a rock record with a unique Zippo lighter lift-top. Initially selling 14,000 units, it didn't make Marley a star, but received a positive critical reception.[22] It was followed later that year by Burnin', which included the standout songs "Get Up, Stand Up", and "I Shot the Sheriff", which appealed to the ear of Eric Clapton. He recorded a cover of the track in 1974 which became a huge American hit, raising Marley's international profile.[24] Many Jamaicans were not keen on the new "improved" reggae sound on Catch A Fire, but the Trenchtown style of Burnin' found fans across both reggae and rock audiences.[22]
During this period, Blackwell gifted his Kingston residence and company headquarters at 56 Hope Road (then known as Island House) to Marley. Housing Tuff Gong Studios, the property became not only Marley's office, but also his home.[22]
The Wailers were scheduled to open 17 shows for the number one black act in the States, Sly and the Family Stone. After 4 shows, the band was fired because they were more popular than the acts they were opening for.[25] The Wailers broke up in 1974 with each of the three main members pursuing solo careers. The reason for the breakup is shrouded in conjecture; some believe that there were disagreements amongst Bunny, Peter, and Bob concerning performances, while others claim that Bunny and Peter simply preferred solo work.
1974–1981[link]
Despite the break-up, Marley continued recording as "Bob Marley & The Wailers". His new backing band included brothers Carlton and Aston "Family Man" Barrett on drums and bass respectively, Junior Marvin and Al Anderson on lead guitar, Tyrone Downie and Earl "Wya" Lindo on keyboards, and Alvin "Seeco" Patterson on percussion. The "I Threes", consisting of Judy Mowatt, Marcia Griffiths, and Marley's wife, Rita, provided backing vocals. In 1975, Marley had his international breakthrough with his first hit outside Jamaica, "No Woman, No Cry", from the Natty Dread album. This was followed by his breakthrough album in the United States, Rastaman Vibration (1976), which spent four weeks on the Billboard Hot 100.[26] On 3 December 1976, two days before "Smile Jamaica", a free concert organised by the Jamaican Prime Minister Michael Manley in an attempt to ease tension between two warring political groups, Marley, his wife, and manager Don Taylor were wounded in an assault by unknown gunmen inside Marley's home. Taylor and Marley's wife sustained serious injuries, but later made full recoveries. Bob Marley received minor wounds in the chest and arm.[27] The shooting was thought to have been politically motivated, as many felt the concert was really a support rally for Manley. Nonetheless, the concert proceeded, and an injured Marley performed as scheduled, two days after the attempt. When asked why, Marley responded, "The people who are trying to make this world worse aren’t taking a day off. How can I?" The members of the group Zap Pow, which had no radical religious or political beliefs, played as Bob Marley's backup band before a festival crowd of 80,000 while members of The Wailers were still missing or in hiding.[28][29]
Marley left Jamaica at the end of 1976, and after a month-long "recovery and writing" sojourn at the site of Chris Blackwell's Compass Point Studios in Nassau, Bahamas, arrived in England, where he spent two years in self-imposed exile. Whilst there he recorded the albums Exodus and Kaya. Exodus stayed on the British album charts for 56 consecutive weeks. It included four UK hit singles: "Exodus", "Waiting in Vain", "Jamming", and "One Love" (a rendition of Curtis Mayfield's hit, "People Get Ready"). During his time in London, he was arrested and received a conviction for possession of a small quantity of cannabis.[30] In 1978, Marley returned to Jamaica and performed at another political concert, the One Love Peace Concert, again in an effort to calm warring parties. Near the end of the performance, by Marley's request, Michael Manley (leader of then-ruling People's National Party) and his political rival Edward Seaga (leader of the opposing Jamaica Labour Party), joined each other on stage and shook hands.[31]
Under the name Bob Marley and the Wailers eleven albums were released, four live albums and seven studio albums. The releases included Babylon by Bus, a double live album with thirteen tracks, were released in 1978 and received critical acclaim. This album, and specifically the final track "Jamming" with the audience in a frenzy, captured the intensity of Marley's live performances.[32]
"Marley wasn’t singing about how peace could come easily to the World but rather how hell on Earth comes too easily to too many. His songs were his memories; he had lived with the wretched, he had seen the downpressers and those whom they pressed down."
Survival, a defiant and politically charged album, was released in 1979. Tracks such as "Zimbabwe", "Africa Unite", "Wake Up and Live", and "Survival" reflected Marley's support for the struggles of Africans. His appearance at the Amandla Festival in Boston in July 1979 showed his strong opposition to South African apartheid, which he already had shown in his song "War" in 1976. In early 1980, he was invited to perform at the 17 April celebration of Zimbabwe's Independence Day. Uprising (1980) was Bob Marley's final studio album, and is one of his most religious productions; it includes "Redemption Song" and "Forever Loving Jah".[34] Confrontation, released posthumously in 1983, contained unreleased material recorded during Marley's lifetime, including the hit "Buffalo Soldier" and new mixes of singles previously only available in Jamaica.[35]
Personal life[link]
Religion[link]
| Main doctrines | |
| Jah · Afrocentrism · Ital · Zion · Cannabis use | |
| Central figures | |
| Haile Selassie I · Jesus · Menen Asfaw · Marcus Garvey | |
| Key scriptures | |
| Bible · Kebra Nagast · The Promise Key · Holy Piby · My Life and Ethiopia's Progress · Royal Parchment Scroll of Black Supremacy | |
| Branches and festivals | |
| Mansions · in United States · Shashamane · Grounation Day · Reasoning | |
| Notable individuals | |
| Leonard Howell · Joseph Hibbert · Mortimer Planno · Vernon Carrington · Charles Edwards · Bob Marley · Peter Tosh | |
| See also: | |
| Vocabulary · Persecution · Dreadlocks · Reggae · Ethiopian Christianity · Index of Rastafari articles
|
.svg)
Bob Marley was a member of the Rastafari movement, whose culture was a key element in the development of reggae. Bob Marley became an ardent proponent of Rastafari, taking their music out of the socially deprived areas of Jamaica and onto the international music scene. He once gave the following response, which was typical, to a question put to him during a recorded interview:
- Interviewer: "Can you tell the people what it means being a Rastafarian?"
- Bob: "I would say to the people, Be still, and know that His Imperial Majesty, Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is the Almighty. Now, the Bible seh so, Babylon newspaper seh so, and I and I the children seh so. Yunno? So I don't see how much more reveal our people want. Wha' dem want? a white God, well God come black. True true."[36]
Observant of the Rastafari practice Ital, a diet that shuns meat, Marley was a vegetarian.[37] According to his biographers, he affiliated with the Twelve Tribes Mansion. He was in the denomination known as "Tribe of Joseph", because he was born in February (each of the twelve sects being composed of members born in a different month). He signified this in his album liner notes, quoting the portion from Genesis that includes Jacob's blessing to his son Joseph. Marley was baptised by the Archbishop of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in Kingston, Jamaica, on 4 November 1980.[38][39]
Family[link]
Bob Marley had a number of children: three with his wife Rita, two adopted from Rita's previous relationships, and several others with different women. The Bob Marley official website acknowledges eleven children.
Those listed on the official site are:
- Sharon, born 23 November 1964, to Rita in previous relationship
- Cedella born 23 August 1967, to Rita
- David "Ziggy", born 17 October 1968, to Rita
- Stephen, born 20 April 1972, to Rita
- Robert "Robbie", born 16 May 1972, to Pat Williams
- Rohan, born 19 May 1972, to Janet Hunt
- Karen, born 1973 to Janet Bowen
- Stephanie, born 17 August 1974; according to Cedella Booker she was the daughter of Rita and a man called Ital with whom Rita had an affair; nonetheless she was acknowledged as Bob's daughter
- Julian, born 4 June 1975, to Lucy Pounder
- Ky-Mani, born 26 February 1976, to Anita Belnavis
- Damian, born 21 July 1978, to Cindy Breakspeare
Makeda was born on 30 May 1981, to Yvette Crichton, after Marley's death.[40] Meredith Dixon's book lists her as Marley's child, but she is not listed as such on the Bob Marley official website.
Various websites, for example,[41] also list Imani Carole, born 22 May 1963 to Cheryl Murray; but she does not appear on the official Bob Marley website.[40]
Final years and death[link]
In July 1977, Marley was found to have a type of malignant melanoma under the nail of one of his toes. Contrary to urban legend, this lesion was not primarily caused by an injury during a football match in that year, but was instead a symptom of the already existing cancer. Marley turned down doctors' advice to have his toe amputated, citing his religious beliefs.[42] Despite his illness, he continued touring and was in the process of scheduling a world tour in 1980. The intention was for Inner Circle to be his opening act on the tour but after their lead singer Jacob Miller died in Jamaica in March 1980 after returning from a scouting mission in Brazil this was no longer mentioned.[43]
The album Uprising was released in May 1980 (produced by Chris Blackwell), on which "Redemption Song" is particularly considered to be about Marley coming to terms with his mortality.[citation needed] The band completed a major tour of Europe, where they played their biggest concert, to a hundred thousand people in Milan. After the tour Marley went to America, where he performed two shows at Madison Square Garden as part of the Uprising Tour.
The final concert of Bob Marley's career was held 23 September 1980 at the Stanley Theater (now called The Benedum Center For The Performing Arts) in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The audio recording of that concert is now available on CD, vinyl, and digital music services.
Shortly after, Marley's health deteriorated and he became very ill; the cancer had spread throughout his body. The rest of the tour was cancelled and Marley sought treatment at the Bavarian clinic of Josef Issels, where he received a controversial type of cancer therapy (Issels treatment) partly based on avoidance of certain foods, drinks, and other substances. After fighting the cancer without success for eight months, Marley boarded a plane for his home in Jamaica.[44]
While flying home from Germany to Jamaica, Marley's vital functions worsened. After landing in Miami, Florida, he was taken to the hospital for immediate medical attention. He died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital in Miami (now University of Miami Hospital) on the morning of 11 May 1981, at the age of 36. The spread of melanoma to his lungs and brain caused his death. His final words to his son Ziggy were "Money can't buy life".[45] Marley received a state funeral in Jamaica on 21 May 1981, which combined elements of Ethiopian Orthodoxy and Rastafari tradition.[46] He was buried in a chapel near his birthplace with his red Gibson Les Paul (some accounts say it was a Fender Stratocaster).[47]
On 21 May 1981, Jamaican Prime Minister Edward Seaga delivered the final funeral eulogy to Marley, declaring:
His voice was an omnipresent cry in our electronic world. His sharp features, majestic looks, and prancing style a vivid etching on the landscape of our minds. Bob Marley was never seen. He was an experience which left an indelible imprint with each encounter. Such a man cannot be erased from the mind. He is part of the collective consciousness of the nation.[48]
Legacy[link]
Bob Marley was the Third World's first pop superstar. He was the man who introduced the world to the mystic power of reggae. He was a true rocker at heart, and as a songwriter, he brought the lyrical force of Bob Dylan, the personal charisma of John Lennon, and the essential vocal stylings of Smokey Robinson into one voice.
In 1999 Time magazine chose Bob Marley & The Wailers' Exodus as the greatest album of the 20th century.[50] In 2001, he was posthumously awarded the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and a feature-length documentary about his life, Rebel Music, won various awards at the Grammys. With contributions from Rita, The Wailers, and Marley's lovers and children, it also tells much of the story in his own words.[51] A statue was inaugurated, next to the national stadium on Arthur Wint Drive in Kingston to commemorate him. In 2006, the State of New York renamed a portion of Church Avenue from Remsen Avenue to East 98th Street in the East Flatbush section of Brooklyn "Bob Marley Boulevard".[52] In 2008, a statue of Marley was inaugurated in Banatski Sokolac, Serbia.[53]
Internationally, Marley’s message also continues to reverberate amongst various indigenous communities. For instance, the Aboriginal people of Australia continue to burn a sacred flame to honor his memory in Sydney’s Victoria Park, while members of the Native American Hopi and Havasupai tribe revere his work.[54] There are also many tributes to Bob Marley throughout India, including restaurants, hotels, and cultural festivals.[55][56]
Marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums. In light of this, author Dave Thompson in his book Reggae and Caribbean Music, laments what he perceives to be the commercialized pacification of Marley's more militant edge, stating:
Bob Marley ranks among both the most popular and the most misunderstood figures in modern culture ... That the machine has utterly emasculated Marley is beyond doubt. Gone from the public record is the ghetto kid who dreamed of Che Guevara and the Black Panthers, and pinned their posters up in the Wailers Soul Shack record store; who believed in freedom; and the fighting which it necessitated, and dressed the part on an early album sleeve; whose heroes were James Brown and Muhammad Ali; whose God was Ras Tafari and whose sacrament was marijuana. Instead, the Bob Marley who surveys his kingdom today is smiling benevolence, a shining sun, a waving palm tree, and a string of hits which tumble out of polite radio like candy from a gumball machine. Of course it has assured his immortality. But it has also demeaned him beyond recognition. Bob Marley was worth far more.[57]
Film adaptations[link]
In February 2008, director Martin Scorsese announced his intention to produce a documentary movie on Marley. The film was set to be released on 6 February 2010, on what would have been Marley's 65th birthday.[58] However, Scorsese dropped out due to scheduling problems. He was replaced by Jonathan Demme,[59] who dropped out due to creative differences with producer Steve Bing during the beginning of editing. Kevin Macdonald replaced Demme[60] and the film, Marley, was released on 20 April 2012.
In March 2008, The Weinstein Company announced its plans to produce a biopic of Bob Marley, based on the book No Woman No Cry: My Life With Bob Marley by Rita Marley. Rudy Langlais will produce the script by Lizzie Borden and Rita Marley will be executive producer.[61]
Ex-girlfriend and filmmaker Esther Anderson, along with Gian Godoy, made the documentary Bob Marley: The Making of a Legend, which premiered at the Edinburgh International Film Festival in 2011.[62]
Discography[link]
Main article: Bob Marley & The Wailers discography
- The Wailing Wailers (1965)
- The Best of The Wailers (1970)
- Soul Rebels (1970)
- Soul Revolution (1971)
- Catch a Fire (1973)
- Burnin' (1973)
- Natty Dread (1974)
- Rastaman Vibration (1976)
- Exodus (1977)
- Kaya (1978)
- Survival (1979)
- Uprising (1980)
- Confrontation (1983)
Awards and honors[link]
- 1976: Band of the Year (Rolling Stone).
- June 1978: Awarded the Peace Medal of the Third World from the United Nations.[54]
- February 1981: Awarded Jamaica's third highest honour, the Jamaican Order of Merit.
- March 1994: Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
- 1999: Album of the Century for Exodus by Time Magazine.
- February 2001: A star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
- February 2001: Awarded Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
- 2004: Rolling Stone ranked him No.11 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[63]
- "One Love" named song of the millennium by BBC.
- Voted as one of the greatest lyricists of all time by a BBC poll.[64]
- 2006: A blue plaque was unveiled at his first UK residence in Ridgmount Gardens, London, dedicated to him by Nubian Jak community trust and supported by Her Majesty's Foreign Office.[65]
- 2010: "Catch a Fire" inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame (Reggae Album).[66]
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- ^ "Who is the greatest lyricist of all time". BBC. 23 May 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/1347071.stm.
- ^ "London honours legendary reggae artist Bob Marley with heritage plaque". AfricaUnite.org. http://africa-unite.org/site/content/view/63/54.
- ^ "Grammy Hall of Fame Awards Complete Listing". Grammy.com. http://www2.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Hall_Of_Fame/#c.
Further reading[link]
- Farley, Christopher (2007). Before the Legend: The Rise of Bob Marley, Amistad Press ISBN 0-06-053992-5
- Goldman, Vivien (2006). The Book of Exodus: The Making and Meaning of Bob Marley and the Wailers' Album of the Century, Aurum Press ISBN 1-84513-210-6
- Henke, James (2006). Marley Legend: An Illustrated Life of Bob Marley. Tuff Gong books. ISBN 0-8118-5036-6
- Marley, Rita; Jones, Hettie (2004) No Woman No Cry: My Life with Bob Marley Hyperion Books ISBN 0-7868-8755-9
- Masouri, John (2007) Wailing Blues: The Story of Bob Marley's "Wailers" Wise Publications ISBN 1-84609-689-8
- Moskowitz, David (2007). The Words and Music of Bob Marley. Westport, Connecticut, United States: Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 0-275-98935-6. http://books.google.com/?id=JJ4ub5h5E6sC&printsec=frontcover
- White, Timothy (2006). Catch a Fire: The Life of Bob Marley. New York: Macmillan. ISBN 0-8050-8086-4.
- Middleton, J. Richard (2000). Religion, culture, and tradition in the Caribbean: Identity and Subversion in Babylon: Strategies for "Resisting Against the System" in music of Bob Marley and the Wailers. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-312-23242-X
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Bob Marley |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Bob Marley |
- Official website
- Bob Marley at the Internet Movie Database
- The Bob Marley Foundation
- Online Home of the Marleys
- Bob Marley at Rolling Stone
- Marley Elected one of the Greatest Songwriters BBC News, 23 May 2001
- Showcase: Bob Marley by James Estrin, The New York Times, 18 May 2009
- Interview with Heather Marley in Bob Marley Magazine
- Extensive discography
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Marley, Bob |
| Alternative names | Marley, Robert Nesta |
| Short description | Singer, songwriter, guitarist |
| Date of birth | 6 February 1945 |
| Place of birth | Nine Miles, Saint Ann Parish, Jamaica |
| Date of death | 11 May 1981 |
| Place of death | Miami, Florida, U.S. |
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