- published: 12 Feb 2013
- views: 269
- author: dreampics dewez
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TEASER LA CHAUM' Soirée Mix Live avec MADRICK&Party; Vidéo.mov
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:53
- Updated: 20 Feb 2013
MADRICK VOUS ATTEND TOUS A LA CHAUM' CE SAMEDI 16 FÉVRIER POUR LA GRANDE SOIRÉE LIVE MIX AVEC PLEINS DE CADEAUX DONT LA COMPILE COLLECTOR LA CHAUM'4 CETTE SO...
http://wn.com/TEASER_LA_CHAUM'_Soirée_Mix_Live_avec_MADRICK&Party;_Vidéomov
MADRICK VOUS ATTEND TOUS A LA CHAUM' CE SAMEDI 16 FÉVRIER POUR LA GRANDE SOIRÉE LIVE MIX AVEC PLEINS DE CADEAUX DONT LA COMPILE COLLECTOR LA CHAUM'4 CETTE SO...
LA CHAUM' 4 BY MADRICK & PARTY VIDEO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Updated: 25 May 2013
MADRICK était à la discothèque LA CHAUM' Dans le 08 pour une Soirée LIVE MIX & PARTY VIDÉO ce Samedi 16 Février et ça donne ça !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!...
http://wn.com/LA_CHAUM'_4_BY_MADRICK_PARTY_VIDEO
MADRICK était à la discothèque LA CHAUM' Dans le 08 pour une Soirée LIVE MIX & PARTY VIDÉO ce Samedi 16 Février et ça donne ça !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!...
- published: 20 Feb 2013
- views: 344
- author: dreampics dewez
Dj Eazy in the mix @ La chaum' (25.09.2009)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:15
- Updated: 28 Jul 2010
http://wn.com/Dj_Eazy_in_the_mix_@_La_chaum'_25092009
LA CHAUM'4 - 2013 ATTENTION.mpg
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:51
- Updated: 21 Feb 2013
BIENTÔT LA SOIREE QUE VOUS ATTENDEZ TOUS A LA CHAUM' "MIX LIVE BY MADRICK"Avec le CD COLLECTOR N°4 tournage du clip de la chaum' avec "PARTY VIDEO.fr"
http://wn.com/LA_CHAUM'4_2013_ATTENTIONmpg
BIENTÔT LA SOIREE QUE VOUS ATTENDEZ TOUS A LA CHAUM' "MIX LIVE BY MADRICK"Avec le CD COLLECTOR N°4 tournage du clip de la chaum' avec "PARTY VIDEO.fr"
- published: 16 Jan 2013
- views: 180
- author: dreampics dewez
chaum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 07 Dec 2012
http://cellbiobank.co.kr/
http://wn.com/chaum
Dj Eazy in the mix @ La chaum' (25.09.2009) 2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:08
- Updated: 22 Aug 2010
http://wn.com/Dj_Eazy_in_the_mix_@_La_chaum'_25092009_2
Dining Cryptographers, The Protocol [24c3]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 54:13
- Updated: 06 May 2013
Dining Cryptographers, The Protocol Even slower than Tor and JAP together! Imi gives an introduction into the idea behind DC networks, how and why they work....
http://wn.com/Dining_Cryptographers,_The_Protocol_24c3_
Dining Cryptographers, The Protocol Even slower than Tor and JAP together! Imi gives an introduction into the idea behind DC networks, how and why they work....
- published: 20 Mar 2013
- views: 116
- author: CCCen
ChaUm
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:31
- Updated: 27 May 2013
เที่ยวชะอำ วันที่ 3 - 5 สิงหาคม 2555.
http://wn.com/ChaUm
mes ami(e)s et moi a la chaum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Updated: 13 Jan 2013
premiere vidéo des soirée a la chaum.
http://wn.com/mes_amies_et_moi_a_la_chaum
ชะอำ 21 เมษายน 2556
- published: 01 May 2013
- views: 31
Robotniks à la Chaum'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Updated: 24 Jan 2011
http://wn.com/Robotniks_à_la_Chaum'
รายการ Mirror Mirror
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:11
- Updated: 02 Oct 2012
รายการนี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการเรียนการสอนวิชา RTV 480-484 ของมหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต รายการนี้เป็นรายการเล่าข่าวบันเทิง
http://wn.com/รายการ_Mirror_Mirror
รายการนี้เป็นส่วนหนึ่งของการเรียนการสอนวิชา RTV 480-484 ของมหาวิทยาลัยรังสิต รายการนี้เป็นรายการเล่าข่าวบันเทิง
- published: 02 Oct 2012
- views: 15
Chaum... avec Mathieu Bouthier
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:05
- Updated: 08 Aug 2010
enorme.
http://wn.com/Chaum_avec_Mathieu_Bouthier
chaum
- published: 05 Mar 2008
- views: 83
Chaum chaum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:39
- Updated: 19 Mar 2011
Chaum chaum.
http://wn.com/Chaum_chaum
anniv ti chaum
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:00
- Updated: 11 Aug 2010
tro bien.
http://wn.com/anniv_ti_chaum
เที่ยวชะอำ
- published: 23 Sep 2011
- views: 15
chaum ete 2006
- published: 24 Dec 2006
- views: 1573
photo: AP / Alexei Nikolsky
07 Jun 2013
By GREGORY L. WHITE and PAUL SONNE. MOSCOW—Russian President Vladimir Putin and his wife said Thursday they are separating after nearly three decades of marriage, setting the stage for the first divorce of a Russian leader since Peter the Great and bringing an end to years of speculation about the state of the couple's union. Enlarge Image. Close. "It was our joint decision," Mr ... Mr ... Mr ... Mrs ... Asked if they were divorcing, Mrs ... Mr ... Close. Mr ... Mrs....(size: 5.6Kb)
photo: Creative Commons
07 Jun 2013
The National Security Agency (NSA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are tapping directly into the central servers of nine leading US Internet companies, The Washington Post has reported. , this has allowed investigators to examine e-mails, photos and other documents of tens of millions of Americans that can be used to track people and their contacts over time ... 468 Source.. Al Jazeera and agencies ... Iran ... ....(size: 7.7Kb)
photo: AP / Sebastian Scheiner
07 Jun 2013
The Israeli army has significantly increased its manpower on the Syrian border close to the only border crossing between the two countries, which became the scene of a battle between Syrian government and opposition fighters yesterday ... In addition to the extra military deployment, the army told local farmers to keep away from the area yesterday ... The Israeli army refused to comment on the extra deployment ... ....(size: 2.3Kb)
photo: Creative Commons / Miloš Hlávka
05 Jun 2013
By LAURA STEVENS in Frankfurt, LEOS ROUSEK in Prague and MARGIT FEHER in Budapest. Flooding in Central Europe spread Wednesday as swollen waters moved further east along the Danube River, threatening towns in eastern Austria and Slovakia's capital, Bratislava, while the rising Elbe River flooded outlying parts of Dresden in Germany ... Enlarge Image. Close ... Businesses also reported production standstills ... Rösler said at a news conference ... ....(size: 5.2Kb)
Edit
Business Wire
04 Jun 2013
July 7 submission deadline; winners to receive All-Expenses-Paid VIP Trip to Korea ... Kinard ... The VIP healthcare package includes “Premier Health Screening” from Seoul National University Hospital and Konkuk University Medical Center, “Power Aging Test Program” from Chaum, and “Spine Health Program” from Jaseng Hospital of Oriental Medicine (Video of Last year winners’ VIP trip to Korea). The trip will take place Sept. 11-18, 2013 ... ... ....(size: 9.0Kb)
Edit
noodls
16 May 2013
(Source. Ladies European Tour Ltd). Facts & figures. Dates. from Thursday 26 to Sunday 29 September 2013 Venue ... 78 players ... The club, now presided by Véronique Smondack, the grand-grand-daughter of founder René Thion de la Chaume and the grand-daughter of tennis champion René Lacoste and his wife Simone, winner of the 1927 British Ladies Amateur, will host the event for the second straight time in its long and prestigious history ... (noodl....(size: 2.6Kb)
Edit
The New York Times
22 Mar 2013
With a rush of sweeping cultural transformations, the South Korean capital is becoming the fashionable intrigue of the Far East. Related. Travel Essentials . Seoul ... More… ... It took five months to build ... Opening the wallet wider, for $170,000, locals can join Chaum, a Kubrickian anti-aging center in the Pie’n Polus building that will bank your endlessly renewable stem cells for the day stem-cell therapies become viable in Seoul ... ....(size: 14.6Kb)
Edit
The Daily Telegraph
11 Mar 2013
Serously injured ... GETTY IMAGES. By Telegraph Sport ... The 44-year-old, the head of France's elite men's road cycling team, was knocked off his bike by a car near his Montauban home and was taken by ambulance to a nearby hospital, the Pont du Chaume clinic ... ''Mr Laurent Jalabert was knocked down around midday while he was riding his bike and was transported, after treatment by the ambulance crew, to the Pont de Chaume clinic in Montauban ... ....(size: 7.4Kb)
Edit
Sky Sports
18 Feb 2013
Stade Francais remain in the Top 14 play-off picture after a backs-to-the-wall victory over Bordeaux. The Parisians had Sergio Parisse sent off in the first half but they still managed to come out on top ... Stade Francais 30-14 Bordeaux-Begles ... Clermont 56-3 Mont-de-Marsan ... Clermont led 21-3 at half-time with Gerhard Vosloo, Raphael Chaume, Jamie Cudmore, Naipolioni Nalaga, Lee Byrne, Loic Jacquet and Kevin Senio all crossing ... Share. ....(size: 3.2Kb)
Edit
Buffalo News
13 Feb 2013
Sometimes, the best response to a question is another question. Like when someone asks. What wine should my sweetie and I drink on Valentine’s Day?. In return. How long have you been together? ... Just think in terms of how long you’ve been a couple. ... Two sweet ones that are well worth a $70 splurge are the Baumard Quarts de Chaume, a chenin blanc from France’s Loire region, or Inniskillin Vidal Ice Wine from Ontario ... ....(size: 3.7Kb)
Edit
The News & Observer
10 Feb 2013
Sometimes, the best response to a question is another question. Like when someone asks. What wine should my sweetie and I drink on Valentine’s Day?. In return. How long have you been together?. There really doesn’t have to be much more to it than that ... Two sweet ones that are well worth a $70 splurge are the Baumard Quarts de Chaume, a chenin blanc from France’s Loire region, or Inniskillin Vidal Ice Wine from Ontario....(size: 3.3Kb)
Edit
Sacramento Bee
05 Feb 2013
Sometimes, the best response to a question is another question. Like when someone asks. What wine should my sweetie and I drink on Valentine's Day?. In return. How long have you been together? ... Just think in terms of how long you've been a couple.. Six months or less ... Two sweet ones that are well worth a $70 splurge are the Baumard Quarts de Chaume, a chenin blanc from France's Loire region, or Inniskillin Vidal Ice Wine from Ontario....(size: 3.7Kb)
Edit
The Examiner
04 Feb 2013
Rating for Happy Hour at Ozumo in Santa Monica. 5. Ohayoo Gozaimasu! If you are in the mood for a Happy Hour that is traditionally Japanese and won’t cost a lot of yen, checkout Ozumo on the third floor of Santa Monica Place. This is the third restaurant in the Ozumo family, the others located in San Francisco and Oakland ... Location. Ozumo 395 Santa Monica Place Santa Monica CA 90401 ... Oishii! ... Area GM – Aaron Chaum, Asst GM – Hiro Christoph....(size: 7.9Kb)
Edit
Star Tribune
30 Jan 2013
Sometimes, the best response to a question is another question. Like when someone asks. What wine should my sweetie and I drink on Valentine’s Day?. In return. How long have you been together? ... Just think in terms of how long you’ve been a couple. ... Two sweet ones that are well worth a $70 splurge are the Baumard Quarts de Chaume, a chenin blanc from France’s Loire region, or Inniskillin Vidal Ice Wine from Ontario ... ....(size: 4.2Kb)
Edit
Houston Chronicle
25 Jan 2013
HISD trustees to meet, eat. Friday, January 25, 2013. Comments. .. E-mail. .. Print. Octopus salad with fingerling potatoes, arugula and pancetta at Trevisio restaurant. It’s late January, which means HISD trustees have their annual retreat onthe taxpayers’ dime ... On Saturday, trustees will move to De Chaumes Elementary for meatier discussions on the budget, technology, college readiness and data analysis ...
This article is about cryptographic concept. For the social network, see The Mix Network.
File:Decryption mix net.png
Simple decryption mix net. Messages are encrypted under a sequence of public keys. Each mix node removes a layer of encryption using its own private key. The node shuffles the message order, and transmits the result to the next node.
Digital mixes (also known as mix networks) were invented by David Chaum in 1981. Digital mixes create hard-to-trace communications by using a chain of proxy servers. Each message is encrypted to each proxy using public key cryptography; the resulting encryption is layered like a Russian doll (except that each "doll" is of the same size) with the message as the innermost layer. Each proxy server strips off its own layer of encryption to reveal where to send the message next. If all but one of the proxy servers are compromised by the tracer, untraceability can still be achieved against some weaker adversaries.
Some anonymous remailers (such as Mixmaster) and onion routing (including Tor) are based on this idea.
There is another kind of mix net that consists of re-encryption operations. In these mixnets each mix node re-encrypts the set of received messages and the decryption is done in a single step. Homomorphic encryption schemes allow that.
Contents |
How it works[link]
Participant A prepares a message for delivery to participant B by appending a random value R to the message, sealing it with the addressee's public key Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_b , appending B’s address, and then sealing the result with the mix's public key Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_m . M opens it with his private key, now he knows B’s address, and he sends Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_b(message, R)
to B.
Message format[link]
Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_m(R1,K_b(R0,message),B)\longrightarrow(K_b(R0,message),B)
To accomplish this, the sender takes the mix’s public key (Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_m ), and uses it to encrypt an envelope containing a random string (Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): R1 ), a nested envelope addressed to the recipient, and the email address of the recipient (B). This nested envelope is encrypted with the recipient’s public key (Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_b ), and contains another random string (R0), along with the body of the message being sent. Upon receipt of the encrypted top-level envelope, the mix uses its secret key to open it. Inside, it finds the address of the recipient (B) and an encrypted message bound for B. The random string (Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): R1 ) is discarded.
Return Addresses[link]
What is needed now is a way for B to respond to A while still keeping the identity of A secret from B.
A solution is for A to form an untraceable return address Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K1(S1, Ax), Kx
where Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): Ax is its own real address, Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): Kx is a public one-time key chosen for the current occasion only, and Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): S1 is a key that will also act as a random string for purposes of sealing. Then, A can send this return address to B as part of a message sent by the techniques already described.
B sends Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K1(S1, A), Kx (S0, response)
to M, and M transforms it to Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): A, S1 (Kx (S0, response)
.
This mix uses the string of bits Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): S1
that it finds after decrypting the address part Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K1(S1, A) as a key to re-encrypt the message part Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): Kx(S0, response)
. Only the addressee, A, can decrypt the resulting output because A created both Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): S1
and Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): Kx
. The additional key Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): Kx
assures that the mix cannot see the content of the reply-message.
The following indicates how B uses this untraceable return address to form a response to A, via a new kind of mix:
The message from A Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \longrightarrow
B:
Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K1(R1, K_b(R,message, K1(S1, A), Kx ), B)\longrightarrow K_b(R, message, K1(S1, A), Kx )
Reply message from BFailed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \longrightarrow A:
Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K1(S1, A) , Kx(S0, response)\longrightarrow A, S1(Kx(S0, response))
Where: Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K_b
= B’s public key, Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): K1 = the mix’s public key.
A destination can reply to a source without sacrificing source anonymity. The reply message shares all of the performance and security benefits with the anonymous messages from source to destination.
Goals[link]
The purpose of a mix is to hide the correspondences between the items in its input and those in its output. (Note: if just one item is repeated in the input and allowed to be repeated in the output, then the correspondence is revealed for that item). By routing through numerous mixes in the network, determining who is talking to who is made even more difficult.
Further reading[link]
- Email Security, Bruce Schneier (ISBN 0-471-05318-X)
- Computer Privacy Handbook, Andre Bacard (ISBN 1-56609-171-3)
References[link]
 |
This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010) |
http://wn.com/Mix_network
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mix_network
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
See also David Chaum.
|
Chaum |
|
.svg) |
|
 Chaum
|
|
| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Region | Midi-Pyrénées |
| Department | Haute-Garonne |
| Arrondissement | Saint-Gaudens |
| Canton | Saint-Béat |
| Intercommunality | Canton de Saint-Béat |
| Mayor | José Castell (2008–2014) |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 468–1,680 m (1,535–5,510 ft) (avg. 475 m or 1,558 ft) |
| Land area1 | 5.7 km2 (2.2 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 209 (2008) |
| - Density | 37 /km2 (96 /sq mi) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 31139/ 31440 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
| 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
Coordinates: 42°56′07″N 0°39′22″E / 42.9353°N 0.6561°E / 42.9353; 0.6561
Chaum is a commune in the Haute-Garonne department in southwestern France.
It is situated on the former Route nationale 618, the "Route of the Pyrenees".
Population[link]
| Year | 1962 | 1968 | 1975 | 1982 | 1990 | 1999 | 2008 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 220 | 255 | 247 | 212 | 198 | 193 | 209 |
See also[link]
References[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chaum |
 |
This Haute-Garonne geographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Chaum
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaum
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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