Ed Rendell
45th Governor of Pennsylvania
In office January 21, 2003 – January 18, 2011
Lieutenant	Catherine Baker Knoll[a] Joe Scarnati[b]
Preceded by	Mark Schweiker
Succeeded by	Tom Corbett
General Chairman of the Democratic National Committee
In office September 25, 1999 – February 3, 2001 With Joe Andrew
Preceded by	Steve Grossman & Roy Romer
Succeeded by	Terry McAuliffe
96th Mayor of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
In office January 6, 1992 – January 3, 2000
Preceded by	Wilson Goode
Succeeded by	John Street
21st District Attorney of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
In office January 2, 1978 – January 6, 1986
Preceded by	Emmett Fitzpatrick
Succeeded by	Ronald Castille
Personal details
Born	Edward Gene Rendell (1944-01-05) January 5, 1944 (age 68) New York City, New York
Political party	Democratic Party
Spouse(s)	Marjorie Rendell (1971-2011, separated)
Children	Jesse Rendell
Residence	East Falls, Philadelphia
Alma mater	University of Pennsylvania Villanova University School of Law
Profession	Attorney
Religion	Judaism
Signature
Military service
Service/branch	United States Army U.S. Army Reserve
Years of service	1968–1974
Rank	10px Second Lieutenant
a.^ Knoll died on November 12, 2008 b.^ As President Pro Tempore of the State Senate, Scarnati immediately become acting Lieutenant Governor upon Knoll's death. He was sworn-in on December 3, 2008.

Edward Gene "Ed" Rendell (/rɛnˈdɛl/; born January 5, 1944) is an American politician who served as the 45th Governor of Pennsylvania, from 2003 to 2011. Rendell, a member of the Democratic Party, was elected Governor of Pennsylvania in 2002, and his term of office began January 21, 2003. He was recently a member of the Democratic Governors Association Executive Committee and served as General Chairman of the Democratic National Committee during the 2000 presidential election. Rendell is also a football analyst on Comcast SportsNet's Eagles Postgame Live, hosted by Michael Barkann.

From 2008 to 2009, Governor Rendell was the Chairman of the National Governors Association. He was married to Marjorie Rendell, a federal judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit until they amicably separated in 2011. Rendell is also a faculty member of the Fels Institute of Government at the University of Pennsylvania, and chair of Team Pennsylvania Foundation.

Early life[link]

Rendell was born in New York City, the son of Emma (née Sloat) and Jesse T. Rendell. His parents were Jewish and all four of his grandparents were immigrants from Russia.^[1] He attended Riverdale Country School before the University of Pennsylvania, where he joined the Pi Lambda Phi fraternity^[2] in 1962 and earned a B.A. degree, 1965, and Villanova University School of Law, Juris Doctor, 1968. He served as a 2nd Lieutenant in the U.S. Army Reserve from 1968 to 1974.

Philadelphia District Attorney[link]

Rendell was elected District Attorney of Philadelphia in 1977, defeating the incumbent Democratic DA, Emmett Fitzpatrick, in the primary election. Rendell ran a campaign that emphasized that he was new to the political scene and not tainted by corruption. In 1980, Rendell received 28 delegate votes for Vice President^[3] at the Democratic National Convention, although he was not a candidate. He served two terms as DA before leaving in 1986 to run for Governor of Pennsylvania. He was defeated in the Democratic gubernatorial primary by Bob Casey, Sr.

The 1985 police confrontation and bombing of MOVE, a black commune, occurred during Rendell's tenure as District Attorney.

Mayor of Philadelphia[link]

In 1987, Rendell ran for the Democratic nomination against the incumbent mayor, Wilson Goode and lost. Rendell ran successfully four years later, in 1991. His opponent was to be Democrat-turned-Republican former Philadelphia Mayor, Frank Rizzo. Rizzo, however, died in the summer of 1991; in November 1991, Rendell won by more than a 2-1 margin against Joseph M. Egan, Jr., Rizzo's replacement on the Republican ticket.^[4]

As mayor, Rendell inherited massive fiscal problems. The state legislature established a fiscal oversight board to monitor the City of Philadelphia's fiscal issues. During his career as mayor, Rendell cut a $250 million deficit; balanced Philadelphia's budget and oversaw five consecutive years of budget surpluses; reduced business and wage taxes for four consecutive years; implemented new revenue-generating initiatives, and dramatically improved services to Philadelphia neighborhoods. He also appointed Philadelphia's first ever Latino deputy mayors, with the naming of Benjamin Ramos and Manuel Ortiz. Rendell's cost-cutting policies brought him strong opposition from labor unions; however, he was re-elected in 1995, defeating Republican Joe Rocks with 80% of the vote.

Rendell's first term as mayor was chronicled in a best-selling book A Prayer for the City by Buzz Bissinger. The author, a former journalist, was given practically unlimited access to the Mayor during that term. The New York Times called Rendell's job as mayor "the most stunning turnaround in recent urban history."^{[5][dead link]} On MSNBC's Hardball, host Chris Matthews has repeatedly compared former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani's successful mayoral term in NYC to Rendell's successful run as Philadelphia's mayor. Both Giuliani and Rendell have previously been dubbed "America's Mayor." Rendell was nicknamed "America's Mayor" by Al Gore and chaired the DNC during the 2000 presidential election.

Rendell also made a cameo appearance as the mayor of Philadelphia on TV in the 1993 film Philadelphia.

Governor of Pennsylvania[link]

2002 primary[link]

When he announced his intent to run for the Democratic Nomination for Governor of Pennsylvania, he did so without the backing of the state party. The Pennsylvania Democratic Party threw their support behind Bob Casey whom they saw as a more electable candidate against the liberal Rendell. In a bitter primary, Rendell won the nomination by winning only 10 out of 67 counties: Philadelphia and its suburbs: Bucks, Chester, Montgomery, and Delaware; its Lehigh Valley exurbs: Berks, Lehigh and Northampton; and Centre County, the home of Penn State University.^[6]

2002 general election[link]

In the November 2002 gubernatorial election, he defeated Republican State Attorney General Mike Fisher 53% to 44%.^[7] Rendell won not only Philadelphia County, which is heavily Democratic, but also traditionally Republican suburbs of Philadelphia,^[8] largely due to his popularity as mayor of Philadelphia. These traditionally Republican voters who backed Rendell were dubbed Rendellicans by the media and were a key part of the success of his campaign.^[9]

In a 2002 PoliticsPA feature story designating politicians with yearbook superlatives, he was named the "Most Likely to Succeed."^[10] Rendell's campaign website was described as having "cutting edge in design for a political site."^[11]

First term[link]

The first piece of legislation Rendell initiated was The Plan for a New Pennsylvania.^[12] The Plan proposed using slot machine revenue to reduce taxes by $1.5 billion (an average 30% decrease for homeowners) and included $687 million in increased education funding. The plan was to be paid for with a proposed income tax increase from 2.80% to 3.75% plus increased taxes on utilities and beer. The governor's plan passed but with a smaller tax increase to only 3.07% and increased education funding of $450 million. The final budget deal included additional taxes on cigarettes and utilities.^[13]

Later that year, the Rendell administration also passed a prescription drug plan that covered older Pennsylvanians.

In his first year, Rendell created the Office of Management and Productivity with the goal of cutting $1 billion in administrative expenses by the end of his first term. One of the most widely touted successes from Rendell's productivity initiative was strategic sourcing in which he overhauled the Commonwealth's antiquated procurement system, leading to $180 million in annual savings^[14] and a quadrupling of Pennsylvania's minority and women owned business participation rate.

Rendell and Knoll

In 2004, Rendell persuaded the Pennsylvania General Assembly to pass measures to legalize and tax slot machine parlors, with the revenues from these measures to be used to reduce property taxes. Prior to this legislation, the only legal forms of gambling in Pennsylvania were horse racing and the state-run lottery. Rendell has been criticized by many opponents of legalized gambling.^{[15][verification needed]}

In a compromise with the legislature, Rendell accepted a provision requiring that tax reductions only occur in areas where local school boards voted to accept the funding. Act 72 funding, as it came to be known, was accepted by only one fifth of Pennsylvania's school districts. Rendell was criticized when he commented that PA voters were "misguided" when the overwhelming majority of Pennsylvanians voted against Act 72 in their districts.^{[citation needed][who?]}

Following Act 72, Rendell and the Pennsylvania legislature looked at other proposals to reduce property taxes, a key component of his 2002 campaign. The governor said he was willing to consider legislation that changes Act 72, and legislative proposals were made to force school districts to accept the money. Other proposed legislation would have required the issue to be voted on in each district as a ballot question, rather than decided by school boards. Property tax relief and Act 72 were issues of great controversy and have been subject to political gridlock, and it was unclear when changes would be made.

In early 2005, Rendell made statements that seemed to support President George W. Bush's Social Security privatization proposal. Rendell addressed this issue in later speeches, saying that he opposes social security privatization, and that his previous comments were meant to show admiration for President Bush for taking on a politically risky subject. Nevertheless, Rendell's initial statements cost him support among Democrats who are against Social Security privatization.

In 2005, Rendell received much criticism from the public and press for signing a controversial pay raise for legislators. Later, he signed the measure's repeal.

2006 general election[link]

Rendell won re-election on November 7, 2006, defeating Lynn Swann, a former professional football player for the Pittsburgh Steelers. Rendell took 60% of the vote, or 2,470,517 votes, to Swann's 40%, or 1,622,135 votes.^[16] He was sworn into his second term as governor of Pennsylvania on January 16, 2007.

During his re-election campaign, Rendell was also instrumental in the successful Senate candidacy of Bob Casey, Jr. who had run against him for the Democratic nomination for Governor in 2002.^[17]

Second term[link]

In 2007, as a residual effect of the potent political power the pay raise issue had in central and western Pennsylvania, Rendell stepped up criticism of the Pennsylvania Higher Education Assistance Agency (PHEAA) and its executive salaries and expenses, following published newspaper reports, in an effort to leverage PHEAA's profits from federal student loan revenues to help finance the Commonwealth's need-based state grant program for undergraduate post-secondary education (both for grants and for the administration of the program). PHEAA, however, is not a direct state government department, created as a quasi-governmental agency in the 1960s by the Pennsylvania General Assembly and which is governed by a Board composed primarily of members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives and Senate.

In July 2007, Rendell ordered a partial government shutdown following a dispute with the state legislature over legislative initiatives unrelated to the state budget. Approximately 25,000 state workers were furloughed.^[18] The shutdown was resolved within 24 hours.^[19]

Governor Rendell, a capital punishment supporter,^[20] has signed 78 execution warrants during his term,^[21] but none of them were enforced due to stays.

In December 2008, Rendell received criticism for stating that Arizona Governor Janet Napolitano was "perfect" for the role of Secretary of Homeland Security because, "...for that job, you have to have no life. Janet has no family. Perfect. She can devote, literally, 19, 20 hours a day to it."^[22][23]

Rendell drew some criticism following a late January 2009 preview of his budget proposal that would eliminate 100 budget line items, including programs such as the Pennsylvania Governor's Schools of Excellence and Drug Abuse Resistance Education ("D.A.R.E."). These program cuts are part of Rendell's proposal to cut state expenditures to a level 1 percent below the 2002-2003 budget in response to an expected 2.3 billion dollar budget shortfall.^[24] As a result of the budget crisis, Rendell spokesman Chuck Ardo resigned.^[25]

Rendell called for reinstating the Federal Assault Weapons Ban in the wake of a police shooting in Pittsburgh.^[26]

Post-gubernatorial career[link]

Following the end of his career as governor of Pennsylvania, Rendell returned to his former law firm, the Philadelphia-based Ballard Spahr.^[27] In January 2011, he accepted a position as an on-air political analyst for NBC News and MSNBC,^[27] and the following month took up a position as Senior Advisor at boutique investment bank Greenhill & Co.^[28] In April 2011, Rendell joined Element Partners, a Philadelphia-based cleantech investment firm, as an Operating Partner. ^[29]

Presidential election involvement[link]

Rendell was a potential candidate to serve as Senator John Kerry's running mate in the 2004 presidential campaign.^[30] Rendell's popularity, particularly in the suburban ring of counties around Philadelphia, was a key to Kerry's victory in Pennsylvania, one of the most hotly contested swing states in the 2004 presidential election.^{[citation needed]}

Rendell speaking in support of Barack Obama in Horsham, Pennsylvania, October 13, 2008

On August 30, 2007, The Wall Street Journal reported that while Hillary Clinton and other high-profile Democratic politicians were returning contributions from tainted political fundraiser Norman Hsu, Rendell said he intended to keep the $40,000 he had received from Hsu's fund-raising network. The newspaper also noted that last year Hsu hosted a 10-course dinner for Rendell at Per se (restaurant) in New York City, where meals cost $250 per person.

On January 24, 2008, Rendell announced his endorsement of Senator Clinton in the latter's race for the White House.^[31] He stated that, "[Hillary] really cares about moving this country forward. She also has the best health-care plan for America."

As one of Hillary Clinton's staunchest supporters, Rendell argued that many media outlets' coverage of her campaign were biased. On March 31, 2008 he congratulated Fox News on what he considered to be the best campaign coverage. Addressing Fox & Friends host Steve Doocy, he said, "I think during this entire primary coverage, starting in Iowa and up to the present, Fox has done the fairest job, has remained the most objective of all the cable networks." Rendell continued, "You actually have done a very balanced job of reporting the news, and some of the other stations are just caught up with Senator Obama, who is a great guy, but Senator Obama can do no wrong, and Senator Clinton can do no right."^[32]

Rendell endorsed Senator Barack Obama in June 2008 and made several campaign appearances on his behalf.^[33][34][35]

As state governor, Rendell was one of the 768 superdelegates to the Democratic National Convention.

After Barack Obama was elected president in 2008, Rendell was often mentioned as a possible Obama pick for Secretary of Energy^[36] or Secretary of Transportation.^[37] However, Steven Chu was selected for Energy Secretary and Congressman Ray LaHood was selected as Transportation Secretary.

Personal life[link]

His wife, Marjorie Rendell, is a Federal judge for the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit who was appointed by President Bill Clinton. They married on July 10, 1971 and have one son, Jesse.^[38] Rendell and his wife announced their separation shortly after he left office. ^[39]

Sports fan[link]

Rendell's love of sports is well-known. Rendell is a Philadelphia Eagles fan and is part of the panel on the Comcast Sportsnet show "Post Game Live", which airs after every Eagles regular and post-season game. He even made a friendly wager on the outcome of Super Bowl XXXIX, promising to wear a New England Patriots jersey and sing the National Anthem at a Philadelphia 76ers/Boston Celtics game if the Eagles lost, which they did. He would lose similar friendly wagers with the Governor of New York, David Paterson, in supporting the Philadelphia Phillies on their quest to defend their 2008 championship against the New York Yankees in 2009 and again with Governor of Illinois, Pat Quinn, in supporting the Philadelphia Flyers in the quest to win the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals against the Chicago Blackhawks. In 2006, he won a bet with the Governor of Washington, Christine Gregoire in supporting the Pittsburgh Steelers in their quest to win Super Bowl XL over the Seattle Seahawks 21 - 10. The former governor has yet to pay off his bet with the Governor of Illinois, Pat Quinn. Pat Quinn stated this during an interview on ESPN Radio 1000 on September 14, 2011.

As a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, Rendell frequently supports the Penn basketball team and can be seen at games at the Palestra. He has also assisted in finding new corporate sponsorship for Philadelphia International Championship, a 21-year-old Philadelphia bicycle race.

Also a Philadelphia Phillies fan, he spoke at a memorial service for Hall of Fame announcer Harry Kalas at Citizens Bank Park in Philadelphia on April 18, 2009.

On December 26, 2010, the Philadelphia Eagles home game against the visiting Minnesota Vikings was postponed before any snow had fallen due to an impending blizzard in Philadelphia. Rendell said of the postponement, "My biggest beef is that this is part of what's happened in this country. We've become a nation of wusses. The Chinese are kicking our butt in everything. If this was in China do you think the Chinese would have called off the game? People would have been marching down to the stadium, they would have walked and they would have been doing calculus on the way down."^[40] As a result, the grounds crew piled snow on his reserved seat the following game, and topped it with a sign that said "This seat reserved for non-wusses".^[41]

Gubernatorial electoral history[link]

References[link]

See also[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ed Rendell

• 2005 Pennsylvania General Assembly pay raise controversy
• Pennsylvania gubernatorial election, 2006
• Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit

External links[link]

• Biography at the National Governors Association
• Biography, interest group ratings, public statements, vetoes and campaign finances at Project Vote Smart
• Biography at WhoRunsGov.com at The Washington Post
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Campaign contributions at FollowTheMoney.org
• Appearances on C-SPAN programs
• Collected news and commentary at The New York Times

v t e Mayors of Philadelphia (chronologically) Morrey Shippen (I) Morris (I) G. Jones Willcox Stanbury Masters Hill Carter Preston Dickinson Roch Hill Dickinson Fishbourn Logan C. Plumsted Norris Hudson Read T. Lawrence (I) Griffitts Hasell Griffitts T. Lawrence (I) Allen C. Plumsted Griffitts Morris (II) Roberts Hasell C. Plumsted Till B. Shoemaker Shippen (II) Hamilton Attwood C. Willing T. Lawrence (I) W. Plumsted Strettell B. Shoemaker T. Lawrence (I) C. Willing W. Plumsted Shute T. Lawrence (II) Stamper B. Shoemaker Duché Harrison T. Willing T. Lawrence (II) J. Lawrence I. Jones S. Shoemaker Gibson Fisher Rhoads Powel vacant Powel Miles Barclay Clarkson Baker Wharton Inskeep Lawler Inskeep Wharton J. Barker Wharton Keppele J. Barker Geyer Wharton J. N. Barker Wharton Watson Dallas Richards Milnor Richards Swift Roach Swift Scott McCall Swift J. Jones Gilpin Conrad Vaux Henry McMichael Fox Stokley King Smith Fitler Stuart Warwick Ashbridge Weaver Reyburn Blankenburg Smith Moore Kendrick Mackey Moore Wilson Connell Lamberton Samuel Clark Dilworth Tate Rizzo Green Goode Rendell Street Nutter

v t e Governors and Presidents of Pennsylvania Presidents (1777–1790) Wharton Bryan Reed Moore Dickinson Franklin Mifflin Governors (since 1790) Mifflin McKean Snyder Findlay Hiester Shulze Wolf Ritner Porter Shunk Johnston Bigler Pollock Packer Curtin Geary Hartranft Hoyt Pattison Beaver Pattison Hastings Stone Pennypacker Stuart Tener Brumbaugh Sproul Pinchot Fisher Pinchot Earle James Martin Bell Duff Fine Leader Lawrence Scranton Shafer Shapp Thornburgh Casey Ridge Schweiker Rendell Corbett

Laura Ingraham
Laura Ingraham in October 2011.
Born	Laura Anne Ingraham (1964-06-19) June 19, 1964 (age 48) Glastonbury, Connecticut, U.S.
Residence	Washington, D.C.
Nationality	American
Education	Dartmouth College (A.B., 1984) University of Virginia School of Law (J.D., 1991)
Occupation	Radio personality
Religion	Roman Catholic
Children	Maria Caroline (adopted 2008 from Guatemala) Michael Dmitri Nikolai
Website
lauraingraham.com
Notes [1]

Laura Anne Ingraham (born June 19, 1964) is an American radio host, author, and conservative political commentator. Her nationally syndicated talk show, The Laura Ingraham Show, airs throughout the United States on Talk Radio Network.

Career[link]

Ingraham grew up in a middle-class family in Glastonbury, Connecticut ^[2] and graduated from Glastonbury High School, in 1981.

Ingraham earned a bachelor's degree at Dartmouth College, in 1985, and a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree at the University of Virginia School of Law, in 1991. As a Dartmouth undergraduate, she was a staff member of the independent conservative newspaper, The Dartmouth Review. In her senior year, she was the newspaper's editor-in-chief,^[3] its first female editor.^[2] She wrote a few controversial articles during her tenure, notably an article alleging racist and unprofessional behavior by a Dartmouth music professor Bill Cole. Cole responded by harassing Ingraham's dormitory roommate and inciting anger against her in one of his classes. Cole later sued Ingraham for $2.4 million; the college paid for his lawyer. He retracted the lawsuit in 1985 without ever naming an inaccuracy in Ingraham's article.^[4]

She also authored a piece characterizing a campus gay rights group as "cheerleaders for latent campus Sodomites". She also secretly tape recorded the organization's meetings, and sent copies to the participants' parents.^[5][6] Jeffrey Hart, the faculty adviser for The Dartmouth Review, described Ingraham as having "the most extreme antihomosexual views imaginable," and noted that "she went so far as to avoid a local eatery where she feared the waiters were homosexual and might touch her silverware or spit on her food, exposing her to AIDS."^[7] In 1997, Ingraham wrote an essay in the Washington Post in which she stated that she changed her views after witnessing "the dignity, fidelity and courage" with which her gay brother Curtis and his late companion coped with AIDS.^[8] Ingraham regrets the "callous rhetoric" of her youth, and now supports some legal protections for homosexuals.^[8]

In the late 1980s, Ingraham worked as a speechwriter in the Ronald Reagan administration for the Domestic Policy advisor. She also briefly served as editor of The Prospect, the magazine issued by Concerned Alumni of Princeton. After law school, in 1991, she served as a law clerk for Judge Ralph K. Winter, Jr., of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, in New York and subsequently clerked for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas. She then worked as an attorney at the New York-based law firm Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom.^[9]

In 1996, she and Jay P. Lefkowitz organized the first Dark Ages Weekend in response to the New Year's Renaissance Weekend of the Democrats.^[10]

Ingraham has had two stints as a cable television host. In the late 1990s, she became a CBS commentator and hosted the MSNBC program Watch It! Several years later, Ingraham began openly campaigning for another cable television show on her radio program. She finally got her wish in 2008, when Fox News Channel gave her a three-week trial run for a new show entitled Just In.^[11][12] She appeared on a 1995 cover of The New York Times Magazine for an article about rising young conservatives, in which she joked about subjugating Third World countries.^[13]

She also appeared on the August 3, 2010, episode of The Colbert Report, where Stephen Colbert implied that she had integrated "hideous, hackneyed racial stereotypes" into her book The Obama Diaries. In reply, she suggested that a word Colbert had previously used to label her, banshee, which is of Irish origin (bean sidhe, meaning 'woman of the Sidhe'), also contained racial overtones, suggesting that it may be offensive to Native Americans.^[14] Her latest book is titled Of Thee I Zing and was released on July 12, 2011.

Ingraham suiting up for a VIP flight as a guest of the U.S. Navy at Naval Air Station Oceana in Virginia.

Radio show host[link]

Ingraham launched The Laura Ingraham Show in April 2001, which is heard on 306 stations and on XM Satellite Radio. The show was originally syndicated by Infinity's (now CBS's) Westwood One, but is now syndicated by Talk Radio Network. Ingraham is also the official guest host of The O'Reilly Factor on Fox News Channel and a weekly contributor with her segment, "The Ingraham Angle."

In one of her most famous incidents, on Election Day 2006 Ingraham encouraged listeners to jam the phone line of a toll-free Democratic Party service for reporting voting problems. No tangible consequences came of it.^[2]

In 2012, Laura Ingraham was rated as the No. 5 radio show in America, by Talkers Magazine.^[15]

Books[link]

• The Hillary Trap: Looking for Power in All the Wrong Places, first published June 2000, while the author was a talk show host on MSNBC, was updated and reissued in paperback December 25, 2005. It analyzes and reinterprets Hillary Clinton as a faux feminist,^[16] whose "liberal feminism has created a culture that rewards dependency, encourages fragmentation, undermines families, and celebrates victimhood".^[17]

• Shut Up & Sing: How Elites from Hollywood, Politics, and the UN Are Subverting America, published October 25, 2003, decries liberal "elites" in politics, the media, academia, arts and entertainment, business, and international organizations, on behalf of "disrespected" Middle Americans, whom the author praises as "the kind of people who are the lifeblood of healthy democratic societies".^[18]

• Power to the People, a New York Times number one best seller,^[19][20] published September 11, 2007, focuses on what Ingraham calls the "pornification" of America and stresses the importance of popular participation in culture, promoting conservative values in family life, education and patriotism.^[21]

• The Obama Diaries, a New York Times number one best seller,^[22] published July 13, 2010. The book is a fictional collection of diary entries purportedly made by Barack Obama, which the author uses satirically to criticize Mr. Obama, his family and his administration.^[23]

• Of Thee I Zing, a New York Times best seller,^[24] published July 12, 2011. The book is a collection of humorous anecdotes meant to point out the decline of American culture, from muffin tops to body shots.^[25]

Personal[link]

Ingraham had become estranged from her brother, Curtis, for a number of years, but they reconciled as young adults. On February 23, 1997, she had an op-ed published in the Washington Post where she spoke of her maturing:

"In the ten years since I learned my brother Curtis was gay my views and rhetoric about homosexuality have been tempered, because I have seen him and his companion Richard lead their lives with dignity, fidelity and courage."

She was once engaged to conservative author and fellow Dartmouth alumnus Dinesh D'Souza. She also has dated former New Jersey Democratic Senator Robert Torricelli.^[26] In April 2005, she announced that she was engaged to businessman James V. Reyes, with a wedding planned in May or June 2005. On April 26, 2005, she announced that she had undergone breast cancer surgery. On May 11, 2005, Ingraham told listeners that her engagement to Reyes was canceled, citing issues regarding her diagnosis with breast cancer. Despite the breakup, she maintained that the two remain good friends and had told listeners, in 2006, that she was in good health.^[27]

She is a convert to Catholicism.^[28]

In May 2008, Ingraham adopted a young girl from Guatemala, whom she has named Maria Caroline.^[29] In July 2009 she adopted a 13-month-old boy, Michael Dmitri, and two years later in June 2011 she announced the adoption of her third child, 13-month-old Nikolai Peter. Both of the boys were from Russia, a nation where Ingraham had spent considerable time earlier.^[30]

Activism[link]

Code Red Rally[link]

On December 8, 2009, Ingraham broadcast her support of a rally protesting the 2009 health care reform bill that was to be held in Washington, D.C. at the U.S. Capitol on December 15, 2009.^[31]

See also[link]

conservatism portal

• List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States

References[link]