Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli AG

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Type	Aktiengesellschaft (SIX: LISN)
Industry	Confectionery
Founded	1845
Founder(s)	David Sprüngli-Schwarz Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann
Headquarters	Kilchberg, Switzerland
Key people	Ernst Tanner (Chairman and CEO)
Products	Chocolate
Revenue	2.586 billion CHF (2006)
Profit	209.0 million CHF (2006)
Employees	7,000 (2006)
Subsidiaries	Ghirardelli, Caffarel, Hofbauer, Küfferle
Website	www.lindt.com

Headquarter and factory in Kilchberg.

Lindt & Sprüngli AG, more commonly known as Lindt, is a luxury Swiss chocolate and confectionery company.

History [link]

The origins of the company date back to 1845. David Sprüngli-Schwarz and his son, Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann owned a small confectionery shop in the old town of Zurich, to which two years later a small factory was added to produce chocolate in solid form.

David Sprüngli.

With the retirement of Rudolf Sprüngli-Ammann in 1892, the business was divided between his two sons. The younger, David Robert, received two confectionery stores that became known under the name Confiserie Sprüngli. The elder brother, Johann Rudolf, received the chocolate factory. To raise the necessary finance for his expansion plans, Johann Rudolf converted in 1899 his private company into "Chocolat Sprüngli AG". In that same year, he acquired the chocolate factory of Rodolphe Lindt in Bern and the company changed its name to Aktiengesellschaft Vereinigte Berner und Züricher Chocoladefabriken Lindt & Sprüngli (United Bern and Zurich Lindt & Sprungli Chocolate Factory Ltd.).

In 1994, Lindt & Sprüngli acquired the Austrian chocolatier, Hofbauer, and integrated it along with its Küfferle brand into the company. In 1997 and 1998, respectively, the company acquired the Italian chocolatier, Caffarel and the American chocolatier, Ghirardelli, and integrated them into the company as wholly owned subsidiaries. Since then, Lindt & Sprüngli has expanded the once-regional Ghirardelli to the international market.

On March 17, 2009, Lindt announced the closure of 50 of its 80 retail boutiques in the United States due to weaker demand in the wake of the late-2000s recession.^[1]

Lindt & Sprüngli has six factories located in Kilchberg, Switzerland; Aachen, Germany; Oloron-Sainte-Marie, France; Induno Olona, Italy; Gloggnitz, Austria; and Stratham, New Hampshire in the United States. The factory in Gloggnitz, Austria manufactures products under the Hofbauer and Küfferle brand in addition to the Lindt brand. Caffarel's factory is located in Luserna San Giovanni, Italy and Ghirardelli's factory is located in San Leandro, California in the United States.

Lindor [link]

Lindor is a type of chocolate produced by Lindt, which is characterized by a hard chocolate shell and a smooth chocolate filling. Originally it was a truffle ball that Lindt & Sprüngli introduced in 1955.^[2] It comes in both a ball and bar variety as well as in a variety of flavours, each flavour having its own colour wrapper as follows:

Lindor

Most of the US Lindor truffles are manufactured in Stratham, New Hampshire. In Switzerland the chocolates are referred to as "Lindor Kugeln" which translates to "Lindor Balls" or "Lindor Spheres".^{[citation needed]}

Seasonal confectioneries [link]

Display of Lindt chocolate bunnies

Lindt also produces the Gold Bunny, a hollow milk chocolate rabbit in a variety of sizes available every Easter since 1952.^[4][5] Each bunny wears a small red ribbon bow around its neck. The bunny also comes in dark and white chocolate. The dark chocolate bunny wears a dark brown ribbon and the white chocolate bunny wears a white ribbon.

Chocolates wrapped to look like carrots, chicks and lambs are made. The lambs are packaged with four white lambs and one black.

At Christmas, Lindt produces a variety of items including, but not limited to, a chocolate reindeer, which somewhat resembles the classic bunny, in addition to hollow European style 'Santa', 'Snowmen' figures of varying sizes, bells, advent calendars and chocolate ornaments. Various tins and boxes are available in the Lindt stores, the most popular being the red and blue. Other seasonal items include Lindt chocolate novelty Golf balls.^[6]

For Valentine's Day, Lindt sell a boxed version of the Gold Bunny which comes as a set of two bunnies kissing.^[7] Other Valentine's Day seasonal items include a selection of heart shaped boxes of Lindor chocolate truffles.

Other products [link]

Other products that Lindt is famous for are its block chocolates. Current flavours from the Excellence range include:

• Mint intense: dark chocolate infused with mint
• Orange Intense: dark chocolate infused with orange essence and almond flakes
• Black Currant: dark chocolate infused with pieces of black currant and almond slivers
• White Coconut: white chocolate with crisp flakes of fine coconut.
• Almond: white chocolate with whole roasted almonds and caramelised almond pieces
• Poire intense: pear flavoured chocolate with almond flakes
• Cherry intense
• Regular dark chocolate: available in 50%, 60%, 70%, 85%, 90% or 99% cocoa varieties
• Extra creamy: milk chocolate
• Toffee crunch: crunchy toffee bits wrapped in milk chocolate
• Caramel crunchy: studded with crunchy caramel
• Lindor: the famous balls but in cube form
• Wasabi: a far East inspired dark chocolate mixed with Wasabi
• Pistachio: a creamy pistachio filling in milk chocolate
• Mandarin: a creamy mandarin filling in milk chocolate
• Strawberry: a creamy white chocolate strawberry filling in milk chocolate
• Strawberry margarita: 'capsule' form with strawberry and margurita filling
• Orange: a creamy orange flavoured filling in milk chocolate
• Cuba: 55% cocoa, single origin Cuba
• Madagascar: 70% cocoa, single origin Madagascar
• Ecuador: 75% cocoa, single origin Ecuador
• Vanilla: White chocolate with vanilla beans
• Coffee
• Chili: a 70% cocoa dark chocolate with red chili extract
• Raspberry Intense Dark: dark chocolate with pieces of raspberries and almond slivers
• A touch of sea salt: dark chocolate seasoned with sea salt

Their Petits Desserts range embodies famous European desserts in a small cube of chocolate. Flavours include Tarte au Chocolat, Crème Brulée, Tiramisu, Creme Caramel, Tarte Citron, Meringue, and Noir Orange.

Lindt has the 'Creation' range of filled chocolate cubes, Milk Mousse, Dark Milk Mouse, White Milk Mousse, Chocolate Mouse, Orange Mouse and Cherry/Chilli.

Lindt Chocolat Café [link]

Lindt shop in New York City

Lindt has opened eight chocolate cafes in Australia, four in Sydney and four in Melbourne.

• Sydney - the first is located at Martin Place and opened in 2004, a second store in Cockle Bay Wharf (2006) in Darling Harbour and a third on George Street in 2007. A fourth store opened in Miranda Westfield, in Sydney's Sutherland Shire in November 2008.

• Melbourne - Lindt opened a flagship Chocolat Café at 271 Collins Street^[8] in July 2009 and a second store at Chadstone Shopping Centre in August 2009. In June 2011 Lindt opened up their third cafe at 500 Chapel St, South Yarra and their fourth in November on Southbank.

There is also planning in the earliest of stages for the first United States chocolate café in Wrentham, MA.

A "chocolate creation class" is run every month by their Chocolat Maitre Thomas Schnetzler, which focuses both on the history of chocolate and on the different ways of enjoying chocolate. Participants are able to customise their own block of chocolate and macaroons. These classes are held at their flagship store Martin Place in Sydney, and Chapel St in Melbourne. ^[9]

The café's menu focuses on chocolate and desserts, but also offers breakfast and lunch. Rich hot chocolates are available in milk chocolate or dark chocolate, as well as a hazelnut option in winter. The menu is altered each season. They also sell handmade chocolates, macaroons, as well cakes and ice cream.

Ice cream flavours include:

• Black forest: dark chocolate ice cream infused with kirsch with chocolate chips and sour cherry ripple
• 70% dark chocolate
• White chocolate framboise: white chocolate ice cream with raspberry sauce ripple
• Sable cookies and cream: a sweet cream ice cream with soft cookies swirled throughout
• Duo: milk chocolate hazelnut ice cream with 70% dark chocolate chips
• Nussor: dark chocolate ice cream with roasted hazelnut pieces
• Almond praline
• White chocolate and Vanilla bean

References[link]

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lindt & Sprüngli

• Lindt official website
• Lindt UK
• Lindt opens chocolate shop
• Lindt Chocolat Cafés in Australia

Roger Federer Federer at the 2009 Wimbledon Championships Country  Switzerland Residence Bottmingen, Switzerland Born (1981-08-08) 8 August 1981 (age 30) Binningen, Switzerland Height 1.86 m (6 ft 1 in) Turned pro 1998[1] Plays Right-handed (one-handed backhand) Career prize money $ 70,658,944 Singles Career record 841–190 (81.57% in ATP (World) Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup) Career titles 74 (ATP World Tour and Grand Slam) (4th in the Open Era) Highest ranking No. 1 (2 February 2004) Current ranking No. 3 (28 May 2012) Grand Slam Singles results Australian Open W (2004, 2006, 2007, 2010) French Open W (2009) Wimbledon W (2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009) US Open W (2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008) Other tournaments Tour Finals W (2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2011) Olympic Games 4th place (losing bronze-finalist) (2000) Doubles Career record 119–78 (60% in ATP World Tour and Grand Slam main draw matches, and in Davis Cup) Career titles 8 (ATP World Tour and Grand Slam) Highest ranking No. 24 (9 June 2003) Current ranking No. 1263 (19 March 2012) Grand Slam Doubles results Australian Open 3R (2003) French Open 1R (2000) Wimbledon QF (2000) US Open 3R (2002) Other Doubles tournaments Olympic Games Gold Medal (2008) Last updated on: 26 March 2012. Olympic medal record Competitor for  Switzerland Men's Tennis Gold 2008 Beijing Doubles

Roger Federer (German pronunciation: [ˈfeːdəʁɐ]) (born 8 August 1981) is a Swiss professional tennis player who held the ATP No. 1 position for a record 237 consecutive weeks from 2 February 2004 to 18 August 2008.^[2] Federer has occupied the #1 ranking for 285 overall weeks, one week short of the record 286 weeks held by Pete Sampras. As of 28 May 2012, he is ranked World No. 3. Federer has won a men's record 16 Grand Slam singles titles. He is one of seven male players to capture the career Grand Slam and one of three (with Andre Agassi and Rafael Nadal) to do so on three different surfaces (clay, grass, and hard courts). He is the only male player in tennis history to have reached the title match of each Grand Slam tournament at least five times and also the final at each of the nine ATP Masters 1000 Tournaments. Many sports analysts, tennis critics, and former and current players consider Federer to be the greatest tennis player of all time.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]}

Federer has appeared in an unprecedented 23 career Grand Slam tournament finals, including a men's record ten in a row, and appeared in 18 of 19 finals from the 2005 Wimbledon Championships through the 2010 Australian Open, the lone exception being the 2008 Australian Open. He holds the record of reaching the semifinals or better of 23 consecutive Grand Slam tournaments over five and a half years, from the 2004 Wimbledon Championships through the 2010 Australian Open.^[10] At the 2012 Australian Open, he reached a record 31st consecutive Grand Slam quarterfinal. During the course of his run at the 2012 French Open in Roland Garros, Federer eclipsed Jimmy Connors long standing record of 233 match wins in Grand Slam tournaments when he defeated Adrian Ungur in a second round match.

Federer has won a record six ATP World Tour Finals and 20 ATP World Tour Masters 1000 tournaments. He also won the Olympic gold medal in doubles with his compatriot Stanislas Wawrinka at the 2008 Summer Olympic Games. He spent eight years (2003–2010) continuously in the top 2 in the year-end rankings and nine (2003–2011) in the Top 3, also a record among male players. His rivalry with Rafael Nadal is considered one of the greatest of all time in the sport. Federer is greatly respected by fans and by fellow players alike as shown by the fact that he has won the ATPWorldTour.com Fans' Favorite Award a record nine consecutive times (2003–2011) and the Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award (which is voted for by the players themselves) a record seven times overall and six times consecutively (2004–2009, 2011). Federer also won the Arthur Ashe Humanitarian of the Year Award in 2006. In 2011, he was voted the second most trusted and respected person in the world, second only to Nelson Mandela.^[11][12]

As a result of Federer's successes in tennis, he was named the Laureus World Sportsman of the Year for a record four consecutive years (2005–2008)^[13] and in 2012 he topped a list of the "100 greatest tennis players of all time" (male or female) by Tennis Channel.^[14] He is often referred to as the Federer Express^[15] or abbreviated to Fed Express, or FedEx, the Swiss Maestro,^[15] or simply Maestro.^{[15][16][17][18]}

Personal life[link]

Childhood and early life[link]

Federer was born in Binningen, Arlesheim near Basel, to Swiss national Robert Federer and South African-born Lynette Durand.^[19] He holds both Swiss and South African citizenships.^[20] He grew up in nearby Münchenstein, close to the French and German borders and speaks Swiss German, German, French and English fluently, Swiss German being his native language.^[19][21][22] He was raised as a Roman Catholic and met Pope Benedict XVI while playing the 2006 Internazionali BNL d'Italia tournament in Rome.^[23] Like all male Swiss citizens, Federer was subject to compulsory military service in the Swiss Armed Forces. However, in 2003 he was deemed unfit due to a long-standing back problem and was subsequently not required to fulfill his military obligation.^[24] Federer himself also credits the range of sports he played as a child—he also played badminton and basketball—for his hand-eye coordination. "I was always very much more interested if a ball was involved," he says. Most tennis prodigies, by contrast, play tennis to the exclusion of all other sports.^[25]

Marriage and family[link]

Federer's family watching him in Indian Wells, 2012.

Federer is married to former Women's Tennis Association player Mirka Vavrinec. He met her while both were competing for Switzerland in the 2000 Sydney Olympics. Vavrinec retired from the tour in 2002 because of a foot injury and has since been working as Federer's public relations manager.^[26] They were married in Basel on 11 April 2009, surrounded by a small group of close friends and family at Wenkenhof Villa (municipality of Riehen).^[27] On 23 July 2009, Mirka gave birth to twin girls, Myla Rose and Charlene Riva.^[28]

Outreach and charitable efforts[link]

Federer supports a number of charities. He established the Roger Federer Foundation in 2003 to help disadvantaged people and to promote sports.^[29][30] In 2005, he auctioned his racquet from his US Open championship to aid victims of Hurricane Katrina.^[31] He was appointed a Goodwill Ambassador by UNICEF in 2006.^[32] At the 2005 Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, Federer arranged an exhibition involving several top players from the ATP tour and WTA tour called Rally for Relief. The proceeds from the event went to the victims of the tsunami caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. Since then, he has visited South Africa and Tamil Nadu, one of the areas in India most affected by the tsunami.^[33] He has also appeared in UNICEF public messages to raise public awareness of AIDS. In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Federer arranged a collaboration with fellow top tennis players Rafael Nadal, Novak Djokovic, Andy Roddick, Kim Clijsters, Serena Williams, Lleyton Hewitt, and Sam Stosur to forgo their final day of preparation for the 2010 Australian Open to form a special charity event called Hit for Haiti, in which all proceeds went to Haiti earthquake victims.^[34] He was named a 2010 Young Global Leader by the World Economic Forum in recognition of his leadership, accomplishments, and contributions to society.^[35]

Similar to the 2010 event, Hit for Haiti, Federer organized and participated in a charity match called Rally for Relief on 16 January 2011, to benefit those that were affected by the 2010–2011 Queensland floods.

Federer is currently number 31 on Forbes top 100 celebrities as of May 2012. ^[36]

Tennis career[link]

Pre-1998: Junior years[link]

Federer's main accomplishments as a junior player came at Wimbledon in 1998, where he won both the boys' singles tournament over Irakli Labadze,^[37] and in doubles teamed up with Olivier Rochus, defeating the team of Michaël Llodra and Andy Ram.^[38] In addition, Federer lost the US Open Junior tournament in 1998 to David Nalbandian. He won four ITF junior singles tournaments in his career, including the prestigious Orange Bowl, where he defeated Guillermo Coria, in the finals.^[39] He ended 1998 as the junior world no. 1.

1998–2002: Early career in the ATP[link]

Federer at the 2002 US Open

Federer's first tournament as a professional was Gstaad in 1998 (12th grade), where he faced Lucas Arnold Ker in the round of 32 and lost.^[40] Federer's first final came at the Marseille Open in 2000, where he lost to fellow Swiss Marc Rosset.^[41] Federer won the 2001 Hopman Cup representing Switzerland along with Martina Hingis. The duo defeated the American pair of Monica Seles and Jan-Michael Gambill in the finals. Federer's first win was at the 2001 Milan Indoor tournament, where he defeated Julien Boutter.^[41] Although he won his first ever title already in 1999 on the challenger tour, winning the doubles event in Segovia, Spain together with Dutchman Sander Groen, the finals was played on Federer´s 18th birthday. In 2001, Federer made his first Grand Slam quarterfinal at the French Open, and at Wimbledon that same year defeated four-time defending champion Pete Sampras to reach the quarterfinals. The most prestigious event final he reached during this period was the 2002 Miami Masters event, where he lost to Andre Agassi, on hard court.^[42] In addition, Federer won his first Master Series event at the 2002 Hamburg Masters on clay, over Marat Safin; the victory made him a top-10 player for the first time.^[42] Federer made 10 singles finals between 1998 and 2002, of which he won four and lost six.^{[40][41][42][43][44]} He also made six finals in doubles. Of note are Federer and partner Max Mirnyi's defeat in the final of the Indian Wells Masters in 2002, and their victory in the same year in the final of the Rotterdam 500 series event. Federer had won the latter a year earlier with partner Jonas Björkman.^[42][44]

2003–2007: Breakthrough and dominance[link]

In 2003, Federer won his first Grand Slam singles title at Wimbledon, beating Mark Philippoussis.^[45] Federer won his first and only doubles Masters Series 1000 event in Miami with Max Mirnyi,^[46] and made it to one singles Masters Series 1000 event in Rome on clay, which he lost.^[45] Federer made it to nine finals on the ATP Tour and won seven of them, including the 500 series events at Dubai and Vienna.^[45] Lastly, Federer won the year-end championships over Andre Agassi.^[45]

During 2004, Federer won three Grand Slam singles titles for the first time in his career and became the first person to do so since Mats Wilander in 1988. His first Grand Slam hard-court title came at the Australian Open over Marat Safin. He then won his second Wimbledon crown over Andy Roddick.^[47] Federer defeated the 2001 US Open champion, Lleyton Hewitt, at the US Open for his first title there.^[47] Federer won three ATP Masters Series 1000 events. One was on clay in Hamburg, and the other two were on hard surfaces at Indian Wells and in Canada.^[47] Federer took the ATP 500 series event at Dubai and wrapped up the year by winning the year-end championships for the second time.^[47]

Federer during the 2005 Wimbledon Championships, where he won his third consecutive title

In 2005, Federer failed to reach the finals of the first two Grand Slam tournaments, losing the Australian Open semifinal to eventual champion Safin and the French Open semifinal to eventual champion Rafael Nadal.^[48] However, Federer quickly reestablished his dominance on grass, winning the Wimbledon Championships over Andy Roddick. At the US Open, Federer defeated Andre Agassi in the latter's last Grand Slam final.^[48] Federer also took four ATP Masters Series 1000 wins: Indian Wells, Miami, and Cincinnati on hard court, and Hamburg on clay.^[48] Furthermore, Federer won two ATP 500 series events at Rotterdam and Dubai.^[48] Federer lost the year-end championships to David Nalbandian in the final.^[48]

In 2006, Federer won three Grand Slam singles titles and reached the final of the other, with the only loss coming against Nadal in the French Open. This was the two men's first meeting in a Grand Slam final.^[49] Federer defeated Nadal in the Wimbledon Championships final. In the Australian Open, Federer defeated Marcos Baghdatis,^[49] and at the US Open, Federer defeated Roddick (2003 champion).^[49] In addition, Federer made it to six ATP Masters Series 1000 finals, winning four on hard surfaces and losing two on clay to Nadal. Federer won one ATP 500 series event in Tokyo and captured the year-end championships for the third time in his career.^[49]

In 2007, Federer reached all four Grand Slam singles finals, winning three of them. He won the Australian Open over Fernando González, Wimbledon over Rafael Nadal for the second time, and the US Open over Novak Djokovic. Federer lost the French Open to Nadal.^[50] Federer made five ATP Masters Series 1000 finals in 2007, winning the Hamburg and Cincinnati titles.^[50] Federer won one 500 series event in Dubai and won the year-end championships.^[50]

2008 to present[link]

Federer at the 2008 Summer Olympics, where he won a gold medal in doubles

In 2008, Federer won one Grand Slam singles title, which came at the US Open over Briton Andy Murray.^[51] Federer was defeated by Nadal in two Grand Slam finals, at the French Open, and at Wimbledon, when he was going for six straight wins to break Björn Borg's record.^[51] At the Australian Open, Federer lost in the semifinals to Djokovic, which ended his record of 10 consecutive finals.^[51] Federer lost twice in Master Series 1000 finals on clay to Nadal, at Monte Carlo and Hamburg.^[51] However, Federer captured two titles in 250-level events at Estoril and Halle and one title in a 500 level event in Basel. In doubles, Federer and Stanislas Wawrinka won the gold medal at the Olympic Games.^[52]

External images
	Federer on the Cover of Sports Illustrated After 2009 French Open Victory

In 2009, Federer won two Grand Slam singles titles, the French Open over Robin Söderling, and Wimbledon over Andy Roddick.^[53] Federer reached two other Grand Slam finals, losing to Nadal at the Australian Open, and to Juan Martín del Potro at the US Open.^[53] Federer won two more events, the first at the Madrid Masters over Nadal in the final on clay.^[53] The second was in Cincinnati over Djokovic, although Federer lost to Djokovic in Basel, later in the year.^[53] Federer completed a career Grand Slam by winning his first French Open title and won a men's record fifteenth Grand Slam singles title, surpassing Pete Sampras's mark of fourteen.^[53]

In 2010, Federer slowed down in his milestones and achievements. The year started with a win at the Australian Open,^[54] where he defeated Andy Murray in the final and improved his Grand Slam singles record to sixteen titles.^[51] But at the French Open, Federer failed to reach a Grand Slam semifinal for the first time since the 2004 French Open, losing to Söderling, in the quarterfinals, and losing his no. 1 ranking.^[54] At the French Open, Federer won his 700th tour match and 150th tour match on clay.^[54][55] Federer was just one week away from equaling Pete Sampras's record of 286 weeks as world no. 1. In a big surprise at Wimbledon, Federer lost in the quarterfinal to Tomáš Berdych, and fell to world no. 3 in the rankings.^[54][56][57] At the 2010 US Open, Federer reached the semifinals, avenging his French Open loss to Söderling in the quarterfinals, but then lost a five-set match to third seed Novak Djokovic.^[54] Federer made it to four Masters 1000 finals, losing three of them (the Madrid Open, the Canadian Masters, and the Shanghai Masters) while winning the Cincinnati Masters against Mardy Fish.^[58] In 2010 Federer equaled Agassi for the number of Masters wins at 17 and tied Bjorn Borg's mark for number of total titles won, moving to just one behind Sampras. Towards the middle of July, Federer hired Pete Sampras' old coach Paul Annacone to put his tennis game and career on the right path on a trial basis.^[59] Federer won two lesser titles at the Stockholm Open and the Davidoff Swiss Indoors which brought his tally to 65 career titles. Lastly, Federer won the year-end championships by beating rival Rafael Nadal, for his fifth title at the event. He showed much of his old form, beating all contenders except Nadal in straight sets. Since Wimbledon 2010, Federer had a win-loss record of 34–4 and had multiple match points in two of his losses: to Novak Djokovic in the semifinal of the US Open, and to Gaël Monfils in the semifinal of the Paris Masters. Federer did not play in the 2010 Davis Cup.

The year 2011, although great by most players' standards, was a lean year for Federer. He was defeated in straight sets in the semifinals of the 2011 Australian Open by eventual champion Novak Djokovic, marking the first time since July 2003 that he did not hold any of the four Major titles. In the French Open semifinal, Federer ended Djokovic's undefeated streak of 43 consecutive wins with a stunning four-set victory. However, Federer then lost in the final to Rafael Nadal. At Wimbledon, Federer advanced to his 29th consecutive Grand Slam quarterfinal, but lost to Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. It marked the first time in his career that he had lost a Grand Slam match after winning the first two sets. At the US Open, Federer lost a much-anticipated semifinal match with Novak Djokovic, after squandering two match points in the fifth set which repeated his previous year's result against Djokovic and added a second loss from two sets up in Grand Slam play to his record. The loss at Flushing Meadows meant that Federer did not win any of the four Majors in 2011, the first time this has happened since 2002.

During this 2011 season, Federer won the Qatar Open, defeating Nikolay Davydenko in the final. However, he lost the final in Dubai to Djokovic and lost in the Miami Masters and Madrid Open semifinals to Rafael Nadal. In pulling out of the 2011 Shanghai Masters, Federer dropped out of the top 3 for the first time since June 2003.^[60] Later in the season, things picked up for Federer. He ended a 10-month title drought and won the Swiss Indoors for the fifth time, defeating youngster Kei Nishikori, who had defeated an ailing Djokovic in the semifinals. Federer followed this up with his first win at the Paris Masters, where he reached his first final at the event and defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga. At the 2011 ATP World Tour Finals, Federer crushed Rafael Nadal in exactly one hour en route to the semifinals,^[61] where he defeated David Ferrer to reach the final at the year-end championships for the seventh time, his 100th tour-level final overall. As a result of this win, Federer also regained the world no. 3 ranking from Andy Murray. In the final, he defeated Jo-Wilfried Tsonga for the third consecutive Sunday and, in doing so, claimed his record sixth ATP World Tour Finals title.^[62]

Federer began his 2012 season with the Qatar Open, where he withdrew in the semifinals. He then played in the 2012 Australian Open, where he reached the semifinals, setting up a 27th career meeting with Nadal, a match he lost in four tight sets. He then participated in the Davis Cup representing Switzerland in the 2012 Davis Cup World Group, but Switzerland was eliminated in a home tie against the United States played on indoor clay in Fribourg. The loss included a four-set defeat for Federer at the hands of John Isner as well as a tight four-set loss with Stanislas Wawrinka in the doubles rubber against Mardy Fish and Mike Bryan. He then played the ABN AMRO World Tennis Tournament for the first time since winning the title in 2005. He beat del Potro in the final to clinch his second title in Rotterdam. Federer then played in the Dubai Duty Free Tennis Championships where he defeated Andy Murray in the final, improved his record against him to 7–8, and won the championship title for the fifth time in his career. Federer then moved on to the BNP Paribas Open in Indian Wells, where he defeated Rafael Nadal in the semifinal, and defeated John Isner in the final. Federer won the title for a record fourth time, and, in doing so, equalled Rafael Nadal's record of 19 ATP Masters 1000 titles. Federer then lost in the third round of the Sony Ericsson Open to Andy Roddick in three sets. Federer went on to compete at the Madrid Masters on new blue clay, where he beat Milos Raonic, Richard Gasquet, David Ferrer, Janko Tipsarevic and Tomáš Berdych in the final and regained the world no. 2 ranking from Rafael Nadal in the process. Federer then participated in the Internazionali BNL d'Italia tournament in Rome where he won over Carlos Berlocq, Juan Carlos Ferrero and Andreas Seppi en route to the semifinal, where he was defeated in straight sets by the defending champion and 2012 runner up Novak Djokovic.

Rivalries[link]

Federer vs. Nadal[link]

Nadal and Federer during the 2006 Wimbledon Championships final

Federer and Nadal have been playing each other since 2004, and their rivalry is a significant part of both men's careers.^{[63][64][65][66][67]}

They held the top two rankings on the ATP Tour from July 2005 until 14 September 2009, when Nadal fell to World No. 3 (Andy Murray became the new No. 2).^[68] They are the only pair of men to have ever finished four consecutive calendar years at the top. Federer was ranked number 1 for a record 237 consecutive weeks beginning in February 2004. Nadal, who is five years younger, ascended to No. 2 in July 2005 and held this spot for a record 160 consecutive weeks before surpassing Federer in August 2008.^[69]

Nadal leads their head-to-head 18–10. However, most of their matches have been on clay. Federer has a winning record on grass (2–1) and indoor hard courts (4–0) while Nadal leads the outdoor hard courts by 5–2 and clay by 12–2.^[70] Because tournament seedings are based on rankings, 19 of their matches have been in tournament finals, including an all-time record 8 Grand Slam finals.^[71] From 2006 to 2008 they played in every French Open and Wimbledon final, and then they met in the 2009 Australian Open final and the 2011 French Open final. Nadal won six of the eight, losing the first two Wimbledons. Three of these matches were five set-matches (2007 and 2008 Wimbledon, 2009 Australian Open), and the 2008 Wimbledon final has been lauded as the greatest match ever by many long-time tennis analysts.^{[72][73][74][75]} They have also played in a record 9 Masters Series finals, including their lone five hour match at the 2006 Rome Masters which Nadal won in a fifth-set tie-break having saved two match points.

Federer vs. Djokovic[link]

The two have met 25 times with Federer leading 14–11, and 5–4 in Grand Slam events. Djokovic is the only player besides Nadal to have defeated Federer more than once in a Grand Slam tournament since 2004, the only player besides Nadal to defeat Federer in consecutive grand slam tournaments (2010 US Open and 2011 Australian Open) and the only player besides Nadal who has "double figure" career wins over Federer. Djokovic is one of two players (the other again being Nadal) currently on tour to have defeated Federer in straight sets at a Grand Slam (2008 Australian Open and 2011 Australian Open) and the only player to do it two times.

Because of the continuously improving game and general rise of Djokovic in the last 3 years, many experts include Djokovic when talking about Nadal and Federer (all 3 have played each other at least 25 times) and Federer has cited his rivalry with Djokovic as his second favorite after his rivalry with Nadal. Experts such as John McEnroe have said that this is the beginning of a new change in tennis. Djokovic's recent back-to-back-to-back wins against Federer at the Australian Open, Dubai and Indian Wells tournament have made this rivalry even more intense. During that span, Djokovic had gone on a 43–0 winning streak dating back to the Davis Cup final the previous year. Federer ended Djokovic's perfect 41–0 season defeating him in the semifinals of the 2011 French Open, but Djokovic was able to avenge his loss at the 2011 US Open, and Federer lost with a score of 6–7, 4–6, 6–3, 6–2, 7–5.^[76] Federer cited this as one of the greatest losses in his career, as he had 2 consecutive match points in set five, with his serve, and was 2 sets up before Djokovic came back in what has become one of the greatest comebacks in tennis history (according to John McEnroe). McEnroe claimed that Djokovic's crosscourt forehand return was "one of the great all-time shots in tennis history" and that the semifinal was one of the greatest matches in history. Djokovic contributed to ending Federer's eight-year streak of winning at least one Grand Slam title per year and Djokovic became the second male tennis player to have at least 10 wins against Federer (the other being Nadal).

Many experts have included the rivalry between Federer and Djokovic as one of the best hard-court rivalries in the Open Era.^[77]

Federer vs. Murray[link]

Federer and Murray have met 15 times, all hard courts, with Murray leading 8–7.^[78] Federer has won each of their Grand Slam matches (both were in the final) in straight sets at the 2008 US Open^[79] and 2010 Australian Open,^[80] but Murray leads 5–1 in ATP 1000 tournaments. They have met three times in the ATP World Tour Finals, with Murray winning in Shanghai in 2008^[81] and Federer in London in 2009 and 2010.^[82] Their most recent encounter was in the 2012 Dubai final where Federer was victorious. Apart from Nadal, Murray is the only other active player to have a positive head to head record against Federer.

Federer vs. Hewitt[link]

Federer and Lleyton Hewitt have played each other on 26 occasions. Early in their careers, Hewitt dominated Federer, winning seven of their first nine meetings, including a victory from two sets down in the 2003 Davis Cup semifinal which allowed Australia to defeat Switzerland. However, from 2004 onward, Federer has dominated the rivalry, winning 16 of the last 17 meetings to emerge with a 18–8 overall head-to-head record.^[83] This is Federer's longest rivalry as these two first played each other as juniors in 1996. They have met in one Grand Slam final, the 2004 US Open final, where Federer won to win his first US Open title. Federer is 9–0 against Hewitt in Grand Slams, and has won six of the Grand Slams in which he has defeated Hewitt.

Federer vs. Roddick[link]

One of Federer's longstanding rivalries is with American Andy Roddick. Federer and Roddick have met on many occasions, including in four Grand Slam finals (three at Wimbledon and one at the US Open). Federer leads 21–3, making Roddick the ATP player with the most tournament losses to Federer. Roddick lost his World No. 1 ranking to Federer after Federer won his first Australian Open in 2004.

In the 2009 Wimbledon final, Roddick lost to Federer in five sets. It included a fifth set made up of 30 games (a Grand Slam final record) and a match that was over 4 hours long. With that victory, Federer broke Pete Sampras' record of 14 Grand Slam titles.

Federer vs. Nalbandian[link]

David Nalbandian was Federer's biggest rival earlier in his career. Both players had an outstanding junior career, Federer won the Wimbledon junior title and Nalbandian won the US Open junior title (beating Federer). Even though Federer has a narrow advantage against Nalbandian, leading their meetings 11–8, Nalbandian beat Federer in their first five meetings after turning professional, including the fourth round of both the Australian Open and US Open in 2003. Their most impressive match was in the 2005 Shanghai Tennis Master Cup, where Nalbandian came back from being two sets to love down against Federer and ultimately prevailed in a fifth set tiebreak. The loss prevented Federer from tying John McEnroe's 82–3 all-time single year record, set in 1984. Nalbandian, Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Murray have beaten Federer 8 times, with only Rafael Nadal and Novak Djokovic recording more victories over Federer.

Playing style[link]

Federer at the 2007 Davidoff Swiss Indoors.

Federer's versatility was summarised by Jimmy Connors: "In an era of specialists, you're either a clay court specialist, a grass court specialist, or a hard court specialist...or you're Roger Federer."^[84]

Federer is an all-court, all-round player known for his speed, fluid style of play, and exceptional shot making. Federer mainly plays from the baseline but is also comfortable at the net, being one of the best volleyers in the game today. He has a powerful, accurate smash and very effectively performs rare elements in today's tennis, such as backhand smash, half-volley and jump smash (slam dunk). David Foster Wallace compared the brute force of Federer's forehand motion with that of "a great liquid whip,"^[85] while John McEnroe has referred to Federer's forehand as "the greatest shot in our sport."^[86] Federer is also known for his efficient movement around the court and excellent footwork, which enables him to run around shots directed to his backhand and instead hit a powerful inside-out or inside-in forehand, one of his best shots. Though Federer plays with a single-handed backhand which gives him great variety. Federer's forehand and backhand slice are both known as the best ever to enter the game. He employs the slice, occasionally using it to lure the opponent to the net and pass him. Federer can also fire topspin winners and possesses a 'flick' backhand where he can generate pace with his wrist; this is usually used to pass the opponent at the net.^[85] His serve is difficult to read because he always uses a similar ball toss regardless of what type of serve he is going to hit and where he aims to hit it, and turns his back to his opponents during his motion. He is often able to produce big serves on key points during a match. His first serve is typically around 200 km/h (125 mph);^[87][88][89] however, he is capable of serving at 220 km/h (137 mph).^[87][88] Federer is also accomplished at serve and volleying,^[90] and employed this tactic especially frequently in his early career.^[91] His speciality is a half-volley from the baseline which enables him to play close to the baseline and to pick up even the deeper shots very early after they bounce, giving his opponents less time to react.^{[citation needed]} Later in his career Federer added the drop shot to his arsenal, and can perform a well-disguised one off both wings. He sometimes uses a between-the-legs shot, which is colloquially referred to as a "tweener." His most notable use of the tweener was in the semifinals of the 2009 US Open against Novak Djokovic, bringing him triple match point, on which he capitalised for a straight-set victory over the Serb.^[92]

Equipment, apparel, endorsements[link]

Federer currently plays with a customised Wilson Pro Staff Six.One 90 BLX tennis racquet,^[93] which is characterised by its smaller hitting area of 90 square inches, heavy strung weight of 357.2 grams, and thin beam of 17.5 millimeters. His grip size is 4 3/8 inches (sometimes referred to as L3).^[94] Federer strings his racquets at 21.5 kg mains/20 kg crosses pre stretched 20%, utilizing Wilson Natural Gut 16 gauge for his main strings and Luxilon Big Banger ALU Power Rough 16L gauge (polyester) for his cross strings.^[94] When asked about string tensions, Federer stated "this depends on how warm the days are and with what kind of balls I play and against who I play. So you can see – it depends on several factors and not just the surface; the feeling I have is most important."^[95]

Federer is one of the highest-earning athletes in the world. He has a contract with Nike footwear and apparel.^[96] For the 2006 championships at Wimbledon, Nike designed a jacket emblazoned with a crest of three tennis racquets, symbolising the three Wimbledon Championships he had previously won, and which was updated the next year with four racquets after he won the Championship in 2006.^[97] In Wimbledon 2008 and again in 2009, Nike continued this trend by making him a personalised cardigan.^[98] He also has his own logo, an R and F joined together.^[99] Federer endorses Gillette,^[100] Jura, a Swiss-based coffee machine company,^[101] as well as Mercedes-Benz and NetJets. Federer also endorses Rolex watches,^[102] although he was previously an ambassador for Maurice Lacroix.^[103] Also in 2009 Federer became brand ambassador for Swiss chocolate makers Lindt.^[104] In 2010 his endorsement by Mercedes-Benz China was extended into a global Mercedes-Benz partnership deal.^[105]

Career statistics[link]

Grand Slam tournament performance timeline[link]

Information in these tables is updated only once the player's participation in the tournament has concluded.

Finals: 23 (16 titles, 7 runners-up)

Outcome	Year	Championship	Surface	Opponent	Score
Winner	2003	Wimbledon (1)	Grass	Mark Philippoussis	7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–6(7–3)
Winner	2004	Australian Open (1)	Hard	Marat Safin	7–6(7–3), 6–4, 6–2
Winner	2004	Wimbledon (2)	Grass	Andy Roddick	4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4
Winner	2004	US Open (1)	Hard	Lleyton Hewitt	6–0, 7–6(7–3), 6–0
Winner	2005	Wimbledon (3)	Grass	Andy Roddick	6–2, 7–6(7–2), 6–4
Winner	2005	US Open (2)	Hard	Andre Agassi	6–3, 2–6, 7–6(7–1), 6–1
Winner	2006	Australian Open (2)	Hard	Marcos Baghdatis	5–7, 7–5, 6–0, 6–2
Runner-up	2006	French Open (1)	Clay	Rafael Nadal	6–1, 1–6, 4–6, 6–7(4–7)
Winner	2006	Wimbledon (4)	Grass	Rafael Nadal	6–0, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(2–7), 6–3
Winner	2006	US Open (3)	Hard	Andy Roddick	6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–1
Winner	2007	Australian Open (3)	Hard	Fernando González	7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–4
Runner-up	2007	French Open (2)	Clay	Rafael Nadal	3–6, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6
Winner	2007	Wimbledon (5)	Grass	Rafael Nadal	7–6(9–7), 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 2–6, 6–2
Winner	2007	US Open (4)	Hard	Novak Djokovic	7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–2), 6–4
Runner-up	2008	French Open (3)	Clay	Rafael Nadal	1–6, 3–6, 0–6
Runner-up	2008	Wimbledon (1)	Grass	Rafael Nadal	4–6, 4–6, 7–6(7–5), 7–6(10–8), 7–9
Winner	2008	US Open (5)	Hard	Andy Murray	6–2, 7–5, 6–2
Runner-up	2009	Australian Open (1)	Hard	Rafael Nadal	5–7, 6–3, 6–7(3–7), 6–3, 2–6
Winner	2009	French Open (1)	Clay	Robin Söderling	6–1, 7–6(7–1), 6–4
Winner	2009	Wimbledon (6)	Grass	Andy Roddick	5–7, 7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 16–14
Runner-up	2009	US Open (1)	Hard	Juan Martín del Potro	6–3, 6–7(5–7), 6–4, 6–7(4–7), 2–6
Winner	2010	Australian Open (4)	Hard	Andy Murray	6–3, 6–4, 7–6(13–11)
Runner-up	2011	French Open (4)	Clay	Rafael Nadal	5–7, 6–7(3–7), 7–5, 1–6

Year-End Championship performance timeline[link]

Finals: 7 (6 titles, 1 runner-up)

Outcome	Year	Championship	Surface	Opponent	Score
Winner	2003	Houston	Hard	Andre Agassi	6–3, 6–0, 6–4
Winner	2004	Houston	Hard	Lleyton Hewitt	6–3, 6–2
Runner-up	2005	Shanghai	Carpet (i)	David Nalbandian	7–6(7–4), 7–6(13–11), 2–6, 1–6, 6–7(3–7)
Winner	2006	Shanghai	Hard (i)	James Blake	6–0, 6–3, 6–4
Winner	2007	Shanghai	Hard (i)	David Ferrer	6–2, 6–3, 6–2
Winner	2010	London	Hard (i)	Rafael Nadal	6–3, 3–6, 6–1
Winner	2011	London	Hard (i)	Jo-Wilfried Tsonga	6–3, 6–7(6–8), 6–3

Olympic games[link]

Finals: 1 (1 gold medal)

Outcome	Year	Championship	Surface	Partner	Opponents	Score
Winner	2008	Beijing	Hard	Wawrinka	Aspelin Johansson	6–3, 6–4, 6–7(4–7), 6–3

Records[link]

• These records were attained in the Open Era of tennis.
• Records in bold indicate peer-less achievements.
• Records in italics are currently active streaks.

See also[link]

Tennis portal

• Roger Federer career statistics
• List of career achievements by Roger Federer
• ATP World Tour records
• ATP World Tour Awards
• List of Grand Slam Men's Singles champions
• List of ATP number 1 ranked singles players
• 2004 Summer Olympics national flag bearers
• 2008 Summer Olympics national flag bearers

References and notes[link]

Further reading[link]

• Bowers, Chris (2007). Fantastic Federer: The Biography of the World's Greatest Tennis Player. John Blake. ISBN 1-84454-407-9. 
• Stauffer, René (2007). The Roger Federer Story: Quest for Perfection. New York, N.Y: New Chapter Press. ISBN 0-942257-39-1. 

Video[link]

• Wimbledon Classic Match: Federer vs Sampras Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 31 October 2006, Run Time: 233 minutes, ASIN: B000ICLR98.
• Wimbledon 2007 Final: Federer vs. Nadal (2007) Kultur White Star, DVD Release Date: 30 October 2007, Run Time: 180 minutes, ASIN: B000V02CU0.
• Wimbledon — The 2008 Finals: Nadal vs. Federer Standing Room Only, DVD Release Date: 19 August 2008, Run Time: 300 minutes, ASIN: B001CWYUBU.

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Roger Federer

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Roger Federer

	Book: Roger Federer
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Official Site
• Roger Federer Foundation
• Roger Federer on Facebook
• Roger Federer – Grand Slam History
• Sortable list of Grand Slam opponents and stats

Profiles[link]

• Roger Federer at the Association of Tennis Professionals
• Roger Federer at the International Tennis Federation
• Roger Federer at the Davis Cup
• Roger Federer at the Internet Movie Database

Roger Federer (Achievement precedessor & successor) Sporting positions Preceded by Andy Roddick Rafael Nadal World No. 1 February 2, 2004 – August 18, 2008 July 6, 2009 – June 7, 2010 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Rafael Nadal Preceded by Andy Roddick US Open Series Champion 2007 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Awards and achievements Preceded by Andy Roddick Rafael Nadal ITF World Champion – Men's singles 2004–07 2009 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Rafael Nadal ATP Player of the Year 2004–07 2009 Preceded by Marat Safin ATP Fans' Favorite Player 2003–2011 Succeeded by Incumbent Preceded by Paradorn Srichaphan Rafael Nadal ATP Stefan Edberg Sportsmanship Award 2004–09 2011 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal Incumbent Preceded by Simon Ammann Thomas Lüthi Swiss Sports Personality of the Year – Men 2003–04 2006–07 Succeeded by Thomas Lüthi Fabian Cancellara Preceded by Lance Armstrong Shane Warne BBC Overseas Sports Personality of the Year 2004 2006–07 Succeeded by Shane Warne Usain Bolt Preceded by None Rafael Nadal Golden Bagel Award 2004 2006–07 Succeeded by Rafael Nadal David Ferrer Preceded by Andy Roddick Best Male Tennis Player ESPY Award 2005–10 Incumbent Preceded by Michael Schumacher Laureus World Sportsman of the Year 2005–08 Succeeded by Usain Bolt Preceded by Hicham El Guerrouj L'Équipe Champion of Champions 2005–07 Olympic Games Preceded by Thomas Frischknecht Flagbearer for  Switzerland Athens 2004 Beijing 2008 Incumbent