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Alabama
Alabama () is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States of America. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland waterways. The state ranks 23rd in population with almost 4.6 million residents in 2006.
http://wn.com/Alabama -
Alaska
Alaska () is the largest state of the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Approximately half of Alaska's 698,473 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of 2009, Alaska remains the least densely populated state of the U.S.
http://wn.com/Alaska -
Alta California
http://wn.com/Alta_California -
Arizona Territory
The Territory of Arizona was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from February 24, 1863 until February 14, 1912, when it was admitted to the Union as the 48th state.
http://wn.com/Arizona_Territory -
Arkansas
Arkansas ( ) is a state located in the southern region of the United States. Its name is an Algonquin name of the Quapaw Indians. Arkansas shares a border with six states, with its eastern border largely defined by the Mississippi River. Its diverse geography ranges from the mountainous regions of the Ozarks and the Ouachita Mountains, which make up the U.S. Interior Highlands, to the eastern lowlands along the Mississippi River. The capital and most populous city is Little Rock, located in the central portion of the state.
http://wn.com/Arkansas -
Austin, Nevada
Austin is a small, unincorporated community located in Lander County, Nevada, in the United States. As of 2004, its population is approximately 340. It is located on the western slopes of the Toiyabe Range at an elevation of . U.S. Route 50 passes through the town.
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Baker, Nevada
Baker, Nevada is a small community in White Pine County, Nevada. It is located outside Great Basin National Park. The town is named after an early settler, George W. Baker.
http://wn.com/Baker_Nevada -
Beatty, Nevada
Beatty (pronounced BAY-dee) is a census-designated place (CDP) along the Amargosa River in Nye County in the U.S. state of Nevada. U.S. Route 95 runs through the CDP, which lies between Tonopah, about to the north, and Las Vegas, about to the southeast. State Route 374 connects Beatty to Death Valley National Park, about to the west. The population was 1,154 at the 2000 census.
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Blue Diamond, Nevada
Blue Diamond is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 282 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Blue_Diamond_Nevada -
Boulder City, Nevada
Boulder City is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is approximately from the City of Las Vegas. As of the 2000 census the population was 14,966, with a 2008 estimated population of 16,840.
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Caesars Palace
Caesars Palace is a luxury hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, an unincorporated township in Clark County, Nevada, United States in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Caesars Palace is owned and operated by Harrah's Entertainment. Caesars is located on the west side of the Strip, between the Bellagio and the Mirage.
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Caliente, Nevada
Caliente, formerly known as Culverwell and Calientes is a town in Lincoln County, Nevada, United States. Its elevation is 4,300 feet (1,310 meters). The population was 1,123 at the 2000 census. The town's name originated from the nearby hot springs, as "caliente" is the Spanish word meaning "hot".
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California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
http://wn.com/California -
Carlin, Nevada
Carlin is a city located near the western border of Elko County in northeast Nevada, west of the city of Elko. It is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area. Carlin sits along Interstate 80 at an elevation of approximately . As of the 2000 census, its population was 2,161. Its slogan is "Where The Train Stops...And the Gold Rush Begins".
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Carson City
http://wn.com/Carson_City -
Carson City, Nevada
The Consolidated Municipality of Carson City is the capital of the State of Nevada. The population was 52,457 at the 2000 census.
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Clark County, Nevada
Clark County is a county located in Southern Nevada. The county had a population of 1,375,765 at the 2000 census, and a 2008 estimated population of 1,996,542, which accounts for over three-quarters of the population of Nevada. It contains the city of Las Vegas, the state's most populous city. Las Vegas has been the county seat since the county was created. The county was formed by the Nevada Legislature by splitting off a portion of Lincoln County on February 5, 1909, and came into existence on July 1, 1909.
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Colorado
Colorado (pronounced or, chiefly by outsiders, ) is a U.S. state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Mountain States, and the Southwestern United States.
http://wn.com/Colorado -
Connecticut
Connecticut () (state code CT) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and New York to the west and south (because various islands of New York span Connecticut's entire coast).
http://wn.com/Connecticut -
Delaware
Delaware ( ) is a U.S. state located on the Atlantic Coast in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The state takes its name from Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr, an English nobleman and Virginia's first colonial governor, after whom (what is now called) Cape Henlopen was originally named.
http://wn.com/Delaware -
Echelon Place
Echelon is a partially built casino and hotel on the Las Vegas Strip. Construction of the casino has been suspended since August 1, 2008.
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Elko, Nevada
Elko is a city in Elko County, Nevada, United States. The population was 16,980 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Elko County. It straddles the Humboldt River.
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Ely, Nevada
Ely (, rhyming with "freely") is the largest city and county seat of White Pine County, Nevada, United States.Ely was founded as a stagecoach station along the Pony Express and Central Overland Route. Ely's mining boom came later than the other towns along US 50, with the discovery of copper in 1906. Though the railroads connecting the First Transcontinental Railroad to the mines in Austin and Eureka have long been removed, the railroad to Ely is preserved as a heritage railway by the Nevada Northern Railway and known as the Ghost Train of Old Ely. As of the 2000 census, the population was 4,041.
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Encore Las Vegas
Encore Las Vegas or Encore at Wynn Las Vegas (often just called Encore) is a luxury resort, casino and hotel located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The resort is connected to its sister resort, Wynn Las Vegas; both are owned by Wynn Resorts Limited, headed by casino developer Steve Wynn.
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Enterprise, Nevada
Enterprise is a unincorporated census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 14,676 at the 2000 census, and estimated at 78,488 in 2008. It is governed by the Clark County Commission, which does not have any members who reside in Enterprise.
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Fallon, Nevada
Fallon is a city in Churchill County, located in western Nevada, United States. The population was 7,536 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Churchill County and is located in the Lahontan Valley.
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Fernley, Nevada
Fernley is a city in Lyon County, Nevada, United States. The city incorporated in 2001, including land in Washoe County; prior to that it was a census-designated place (CDP). The population of the CDP was 8,543 at the 2000 census; the city itself had an estimated population of 12,673 in 2007, almost all of whom lived in Lyon County.
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Florida
Florida () is a state of the United States. It is located in the Southeastern United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the north. Much of the state's land mass is a large peninsula with the Gulf of Mexico to the west, the Atlantic Ocean to the east and the Caribbean to the south. Florida was admitted as the 27th U.S. state in 1845, after a three hundred year period of European colonization.
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Georgia (U.S. state)
Georgia () is a state located in the southeastern United States. Georgia was established in 1732, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788. It declared its secession from the Union on January 21, 1861, and was one of the original seven Confederate states. It was the last state to be restored to the Union, on July 15, 1870 and the only among the 13 that is explicitly named after a monarch; King George II of England.
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Goldfield, Nevada
Goldfield is an unincorporated community and the county seat of Esmeralda County, Nevada, United States, with a resident population of 440 at the 2000 census. It is located about southeast of Carson City, along U.S. Route 95.
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Groom Lake
Groom Lake is a salt flat in Nevada in the United States, located about south of Rachel. It has become well known because of the presence of Area 51. Area 51 itself is located just south of the salt flat, but the dry lake bed is also used by the Air Force, with several runways having been constructed on it. The lake measures approximately from north to south, and from east to west at its widest point.
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Guam
http://wn.com/Guam -
Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
http://wn.com/Hawaii -
Hawthorne Army Depot
Hawthorne Army Depot is a U.S. Army ammunition storage site located near the town of Hawthorne in western Nevada in the United States. It is directly south of Walker Lake. The depot covers and has storage space in 2,427 bunkers. It is said to be the largest such facility in the world.
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Hawthorne, Nevada
Hawthorne is a census-designated place (CDP) in Mineral County, Nevada, United States. The population was 3,311 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Mineral County. The nearby Hawthorne Army Depot is the primary economic base of the town.
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Henderson, Nevada
Henderson is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States within the Las Vegas metropolitan area. It is the second largest city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, according to an estimated population of 252,064 in the 2008 Census Bureau. It occupies the southeast end of the Las Vegas Valley at an elevation of approximately .
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Humboldt Sink
Humboldt Sink is an intermittent dry lake bed, approximately 11 mi (18 km) long, and 4 mi (6 km) across, in northwestern Nevada in the United States. The body of water in the sink is known as Humboldt Lake.
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Idaho
Idaho is a state in the United States of America. The state's largest city and capital is Boise. Residents are called "Idahoans". Idaho was admitted to the Union on July 3, 1890 as the 43rd state.
http://wn.com/Idaho -
Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Insular area
An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States. They are called "insular" from the Latin word insula ("island") and because they were once administered by the War Department's Bureau of Insular Affairs, now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Interior Department. The term insular possession is also sometimes used, but has fallen out of favor.
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Iowa
Iowa () is a state located in the Midwestern United States, an area often referred to as the "American Heartland." It derives its name from the Ioway people, one of the many American Indian tribes that occupied the state at the time of European exploration. Iowa was a part of the French colony of New France. After the Louisiana Purchase, settlers laid the foundation for an agriculture-based economy in the heart of the Corn Belt. Iowa is often known as the "Food Capital of the World", however Iowa's economy, culture, and landscape are diverse. In the mid and late 20th century, Iowa's agricultural economy transitioned to a diversified economy of advanced manufacturing, processing, financial services, biotechnology, and green energy production. Iowa has been listed as one of the safest states in which to live. Des Moines is Iowa's capital and largest city.
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Johnston Atoll
Johnston Atoll is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean about 1,400 km (750 nmi) west of Hawaii. There are four islands located on the coral reef platform, two natural islands, Johnston Island and Sand Island, which have been expanded by coral dredging, as well as North Island (Akau) and East Island (Hikina), an additional two artificial islands formed by coral dredging.
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Kansas
http://wn.com/Kansas -
Kentucky
The Commonwealth of Kentucky () is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 it became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th largest state in terms of total area, the 36th largest in land area, and ranks 26th in population.
http://wn.com/Kentucky -
Kingsbury, Nevada
Kingsbury is a census-designated place (CDP) in Douglas County, Nevada, United States. The population was 2,624 at the 2000 census.
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Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is an approximately stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada. The Strip lies in the unincorporated areas of Paradise and Winchester. Most of "the Strip" has been designated an All-American Road.
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Las Vegas Valley
http://wn.com/Las_Vegas_Valley -
Las Vegas, Nevada
:This article is about the city of Las Vegas, Nevada proper, not to be confused with the Las Vegas Strip or the Las Vegas metropolitan area. For other uses of "Las Vegas", see Las Vegas (disambiguation).
http://wn.com/Las_Vegas_Nevada -
Laughlin, Nevada
Laughlin is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 7,076. Laughlin is a port located on the Colorado River 94 miles (152.3 km) south of Las Vegas. Directly across the river from Laughlin is Bullhead City, Arizona, which has four times the population of Laughlin (approximately 39,000) and supplies much of the workforce.
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Louisiana
http://wn.com/Louisiana -
Lovelock, Nevada
Lovelock is a western Nevada city that is the county seat, the location of a prison, and the namesake of the area's Cold War gunnery range.
http://wn.com/Lovelock_Nevada -
Lyon County, Nevada
Lyon County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2000 census, the population was 34,501. Its county seat is Yerington.
http://wn.com/Lyon_County_Nevada -
Maine
http://wn.com/Maine -
Mark Amodei
http://wn.com/Mark_Amodei -
Maryland
Maryland () is an American state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland has the highest median household income of any state, with a median income of $70,545. Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, and three nicknames for it, the Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State are occasionally used.
http://wn.com/Maryland -
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Most of its population of 6.6 million lives in the Boston metropolitan area. The eastern half of the state consists of urban, suburban, and rural areas, while Western Massachusetts is mostly rural. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and ranks third among U.S. states in GDP per capita.
http://wn.com/Massachusetts -
Mesquite, Nevada
Mesquite is a city in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the Arizona state line and 80 miles (124 km) northeast of Las Vegas. As of the 2000 census, it had a population of 9,389, with a 2006 census estimate of 14,799. The city is located in the Virgin River Valley. It is home to a growing retiree population, as well as several casino resorts and golf courses.
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MGM Grand Las Vegas
The MGM Grand Las Vegas is a hotel casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The MGM Grand is the second largest hotel in the world and second largest hotel resort complex in the United States behind The Venetian. The MGM Grand was the largest hotel in the world when it opened in 1993.
http://wn.com/MGM_Grand_Las_Vegas -
Michigan
Michigan () is a U.S. state located in the Great Lakes Region of the United States of America. The name Michigan is a French corruption of the Ojibwe word mishigama, meaning "large water" or "large lake".
http://wn.com/Michigan -
Minden, Nevada
Minden is a census-designated place (CDP) in Douglas County, Nevada, United States. The population was 2,836 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Douglas County and is adjacent to the city of Gardnerville. It is named after the town of Minden, in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. It has possessed a post office since 1906.
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Minnesota
Minnesota () is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States. The twelfth largest state of the U.S., it is the twenty-first most populous, with 5.27 million residents. Minnesota was carved out of the eastern half of the Minnesota Territory and admitted to the Union as the thirty-second state on May 11, 1858. Known as the "Land of 10,000 Lakes", the state's name comes from a Dakota word for "sky-tinted water". Those waters, together with forests, parks, and wilderness areas, offer residents and tourists a variety of outdoor recreational opportunities.
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Mississippi
Mississippi () is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, which namesake is from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"). The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, and its catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States. The state symbol is the magnolia grandiflora tree.
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Missouri
Missouri () (abbreviated MO) is a U.S. state located in the Midwestern United States, bordered by Iowa, Illinois, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Kansas and Nebraska. With a 2009 estimated population of 5,987,580, Missouri is the 18th most populous state in the nation and the fifth most populous in the Midwest. It comprises 114 counties and one independent city. Missouri's capital is Jefferson City. The four largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. Missouri was originally acquired from France as part of the Louisiana Purchase and became defined as the Missouri Territory. Part of the Missouri Territory was admitted into the union as the 24th state on August 10, 1821.
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Montana
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Nebraska
Nebraska () is a state located on the Great Plains of the Midwestern United States. The state's capital is Lincoln and its largest city is Omaha.
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Needles, California
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Nevada
Nevada is a state located in the western and southwestern region of the United States. Nevada is also part of the Mountain States. The capital is Carson City and the largest city is Las Vegas. The state's nickname is Silver State, due to the large number of silver deposits that were discovered and mined there. "Sagebrush State" and "Battle Born State" are its alternative nicknames. In 1864, Nevada became the 36th state to enter the union, and the phrase "Battle Born" on the state flag reflects the state's entry on the Union side during the American Civil War. Its first nonnative settlement was called Mormon Station.
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Nevada Assembly
The Nevada Assembly is the lower house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Nevada. The body consists of 42 members, elected to two-year terms from single-member districts. Each Assembly district contained approximately 47,400 people as of the 2000 census, although 2006 Census Bureau estimates suggest an average population of 59,400 per district. Term limits, limiting assembly members to six 2-year terms (12 years), will take effect in 2010. Twelve members of the Assembly will be termed out in 2010.
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Nevada Senate
The Nevada Senate is the upper house of the Nevada Legislature, the state legislature of U.S. state of Nevada. The Senate consists of 21 members from 19 districts, two of which are multimember. Each senator represented approximately 94,700 people as of the 2000 census, although 2006 Census Bureau estimates suggest an average population of 118,800 per senator. Senators serve four-year terms. Term limits, limiting senators to three 4-year terms (12 years), will take effect in 2010. Seven senators will be termed out in 2010 and five in 2012.
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Nevada State College
Nevada State College (NSC) is a four-year public college located in Henderson, Nevada and is part of the Nevada System of Higher Education (NSHE). The college opened on September 3, 2002 and is located on a site in the southern foothills of Henderson, Nevada. The site of the college raised environmental concerns as it was located next to a toxic waste dump.
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire ranks 44th in land area, 46th in total area of the 50 states, and 41st in population.
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New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
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New Mexico
New Mexico() is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also part of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth- most sparsely inhabited U.S. state.
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New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
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North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. North Carolina is now ranked as one of the top 3 leading States for Green Technology, Bio-Chemical Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Computer Engineering through the long-range research and development programs of Research Triangle Park (RTP), UNC Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State .
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North Dakota
North Dakota () is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States of America, along the Canadian border, about halfway between the Pacific Ocean and the Great Lakes. North Dakota is the 19th largest state by area in the U.S. It is also the third least populous, with only about 646,850 residents as of 2009. North Dakota was carved out of the Dakota Territory and admitted to the Union on November 2, 1889, simultaneously with South Dakota.
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North Las Vegas
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Nye County, Nevada
Nye County is a county located in the U.S. state of Nevada. As of the 2000 census, the population was 32,485. As of 2007, the population was estimated to be 46,308. At , Nye is the third largest county in terms of area in the United States, excluding the boroughs of Alaska. Its county seat is Tonopah. The center of population of Nevada is located in Nye County, very near Yucca Mountain. The largest community in Nye County is Pahrump, an unincorporated town.
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Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,
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Oklahoma
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Opal
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Oregon
Oregon ( ) is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern boundaries, respectively. The area was inhabited by many indigenous tribes before the arrival of traders, explorers, and settlers who formed an autonomous government in Oregon Country in 1843; the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, and Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14, 1859. Salem is the state's capital and third-most-populous city; Portland is the most populous. Portland is the 30th-largest U.S. city, with a population of 582,130 (2009 estimate) and a metro population of 2,241,841 (2009 estimate), the 23rd-largest U.S. metro area.
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Palmyra Atoll
Palmyra Atoll () is an essentially unoccupied equatorial Northern Pacific atoll administered as a unorganized incorporated territory by the United States federal government. The variable temporary population of 4–20 'non-occupants' are essentially staff and scientists employed by various departments of the U.S. federal government and The Nature Conservancy, as well as a rotating mix of Palymra Atoll Research Consortium scholars pursuing research.
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Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is one of a number of CDPs in the unincorporated urbanized area directly south of Las Vegas. The population was 186,070 at the 2000 census, and estimated at 196,821 in 2008. As an unincorporated part of Clark County, it is governed by the Clark County Commission.
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Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania () is a U.S. state and Commonwealth located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg.
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Pioche, Nevada
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Primm, Nevada
Primm (formerly known as State Line and often called Primm Valley, after one of its casinos) is a tiny community in Clark County, Nevada, United States, primarily notable for its position straddling Interstate 15 where it crosses the border between California and Nevada. It sits at the edge of Ivanpah Dry Lake.
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Puerto Rico
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Rachel, Nevada
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Reno, Nevada
Reno is the county seat of Washoe County, Nevada, United States. The city has a population of about 220,500 and is the fourth most populous city in Nevada, after Las Vegas, Henderson, and North Las Vegas. It sits in a high desert valley at the foot of the Sierra Nevada.
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Rhode Island
The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, more commonly referred to as Rhode Island ( or ), is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area. Rhode Island borders Connecticut to the west and Massachusetts to the north and east, and it shares a water boundary with New York's Long Island to the southwest.
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San Jacinto, Nevada
San Jacinto is an unincorporated community in Elko County, Nevada, United States. It is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area.
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Searchlight, Nevada
Searchlight is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 576 at the 2000 census.
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South Carolina
South Carolina () is a state in the United States that borders Georgia to the south and North Carolina to the north. Originally part of the Province of Carolina, the Province of South Carolina was one of the 13 colonies that declared independence from the British Crown during the American Revolution. The colony was originally named by British King Charles II in honor of his father Charles I of England, as Carolus is Latin for Charles. South Carolina was the first state to vote to secede from the Union and was the founding state of the Confederate States of America. According to an estimate by the United States Census Bureau, the state's population in 2009 was 4,561,242 and ranked 24th among the U.S. states. South Carolina contains 46 counties and its capital is Columbia.
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South Dakota
South Dakota () is a state located in the Midwestern region of the United States. It is named after the Lakota and Dakota Sioux American Indian tribes. Once a part of Dakota Territory, South Dakota became a state on November 2, 1889. The state has an area of and an estimated population of just over 800,000. Pierre is the state capital and Sioux Falls, with a population of nearly 160,000, is South Dakota's largest city.
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Spanish empire
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Sparks, Nevada
Sparks is a city in Washoe County, Nevada, United States, located east of Reno, Nevada. The population was 66,346 at the 2000 census. As of July 1, 2008, the U.S. Census Bureau estimates that the population has grown to 88,602. It is often referred to as half of a twin city (i.e. "Reno-Sparks").
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Spring Creek, Nevada
Spring Creek is a census-designated place (CDP) in central Elko County, in northeastern Nevada in the western United States. It mainly serves as a bedroom community for the businesses and industries in and around the nearby city of Elko. It is part of the Elko Micropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 10,548 at the 2000 census.
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Stateline, Nevada
Stateline is a census-designated place (CDP) on the east shore of Lake Tahoe in Douglas County, Nevada, United States. The population was 1,215 at the 2000 census. The population swells considerably during the busy winter and summer seasons, due to the high number of hotel rooms and rental accommodations available.
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Sun Valley, Nevada
Sun Valley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, USA. The population was 19,461 at the 2000 census. It is a northern suburb of the city of Reno and is part of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area.
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Tennessee
Tennessee () is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,214,888, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 626,144. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 670,902. Nashville has the state's largest metropolitan area, at 1,521,437 people.
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Texas
Texas () is the second-largest U.S. state by both area and population, and the largest state in the contiguous United States.
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Tonopah, Nevada
Tonopah is a census-designated place (CDP) located in and the county seat of Nye County, Nevada. It is located at the junction of U.S. Routes 6 and 95 approximately mid-way between Las Vegas and Reno.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Utah
Utah ( or ) is a western state of the United States. It was the 45th state admitted to the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,784,572 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
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Verdi-Mogul, Nevada
Verdi-Mogul is a census-designated place (CDP) in Washoe County, Nevada, United States. It lies on the western side of the Reno–Sparks Metropolitan Statistical Area, just off Interstate 80. The population was 2,949 at the 2000 census.
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Vermont
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Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia () is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" because it is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents. The geography and climate of the state are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The state population is nearly eight million.
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Wall Street
Wall Street is a street in Lower Manhattan, New York City. It runs east from Broadway to South Street on the East River, through the historical center of the Financial District. It is the first permanent home of the New York Stock Exchange, the world's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies. Over time, Wall Street became the name of the surrounding geographic neighborhood and also shorthand (or a metonym) for the "influential financial interests" of the American financial industry, which is centered in the New York City area. Anchored by Wall Street, New York City vies with the City of London to be the financial capital of the world.
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Washington (state)
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Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
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West Virginia
West Virginia () is a state in the Appalachian and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by Virginia to the southeast, Kentucky to the southwest, Ohio to the northwest, and Pennsylvania and Maryland to the northeast. The capital and largest city is Charleston.
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Whitney, Nevada
Whitney (formerly East Las Vegas) is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. The population was 18,273 at the 2000 census.
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Winchester, Nevada
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Winnemucca, Nevada
Winnemucca () is a city in and the county seat of Humboldt County, Nevada, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 7,174. Interstate 80 passes through the city, where it meets U.S. Route 95.
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Wisconsin
Wisconsin () is a U.S. state located in the north-central United States and is considered part of the Midwest. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Upper Michigan to the northeast, and Lake Superior to the north. Wisconsin's capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee. As of 2009 the state has an estimated 5.6 million residents. The state contains 72 counties.
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Wynn Las Vegas
Wynn Las Vegas ("Wynn") is a super luxury resort and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. The US $2.7 billion resort is named after casino developer Steve Wynn and is the flagship property of Wynn Resorts Limited. The resort covers . It is located on Las Vegas Boulevard and Sands Avenue (on the N.E. corner), directly across The Strip from the Fashion Show Mall.
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Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is mostly covered by the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains. While the tenth largest U.S. state by area, Wyoming is the least populous, with a U.S. Census estimated population of 544,270 in 2009. This is a 5.9% increase since 2000. The capital and the most populous city of Wyoming is Cheyenne.
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Yerington, Nevada
Yerington is a city in Lyon County, located in western Nevada, USA. The population was 2,883 at the 2000 census. It is named after Henry M. Yerington, Superintendent of the Virginia and Truckee Railroad from 1868 to 1910. It is the county seat of Lyon.
http://wn.com/Yerington_Nevada
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Abraham Lincoln
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Andre Agassi
Andre Kirk Agassi (; born April 29, 1970) is a retired American professional tennis player and former World No. 1. Generally considered by critics and fellow players to be one of the greatest tennis players of all time, Agassi has been called the best service returner in the history of the game.
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Armenian American
An Armenian American is an American who is of Armenian descent. During the United States 2000 Census, 385,488 respondents indicated either full or partial Armenian ancestry. The 2007 American Community Survey one year estimates indicated 446,032 Americans with full or partial Armenian ancestry.
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama II (; born August 4, 1961) is the 44th and current President of the United States. He is the first African American to hold the office. Obama previously served as a United States Senator from Illinois, from January 2005 until he resigned after his election to the presidency in November 2008.
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Basque American
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
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Bob Cashell
Robert "Bob" Cashell is the current Republican mayor of Reno, Nevada, elected in 2002. He served as Lieutenant Governor of Nevada from 1982 to 1986, and on the University of Nevada System Board of Regents from 1979 to 1982. He is also a prominent businessman, owning Cashell Enterprises, a hotel/casino company. He bought Bill & Effies, a truck stop, in 1967, and renamed it Boomtown Hotel Casino. He sold it in 1988 after turning the property into a casino/resort. His son, Robert A Cashell, Jr., is a partner in the new ownership of the Fitzgeralds Casino & Hotel in downtown Reno (which is now out of business).
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Brian Sandoval
Brian Edward Sandoval (born August 5, 1963) is a former judge of the United States District Court for the District of Nevada, and a politician from the state of Nevada who is running for governor in the 2010 election. In June 2010, Sandoval defeated his GOP challengers and won the Republican nomination for the 2010 Gubernatorial election. Sandoval leads in general election polling against Democrat Rory Reid his general election opponent.
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Carolyn Goodman
Dr. Carolyn Elizabeth Drucker Goodman (October 6, 1915 – August 17, 2007) was a clinical psychologist who became a prominent civil rights advocate after her son, Andrew Goodman and two other civil rights workers, James Chaney and Michael Schwerner, were murdered by the Ku Klux Klan in Neshoba County, Mississippi in 1964.
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Danish American
Danish Americans (Danish: Dansk-Amerikanere) are Americans of Danish descent. There are approximately 1,500,000 Americans of Danish origin or descent. Most Danish-Americans live in the Western or Midwestern United States.
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Dean Heller
Dean Heller (born May 10, 1960) is an American politician who represents Nevada's 2nd congressional district in the U.S. House of Representatives. He had previously served as Nevada's Secretary of State.
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Filipino American
Filipino Americans are Americans of Filipino ancestry. Filipino Americans, often shortened to "Fil-Ams", reside mainly in the continental United States and form significant populations in California, Hawaii, New York, New Jersey, Nevada, Washington, Florida, Alaska, Guam, and Northern Marianas.
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Fred B. Balzar
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (; born July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut) was the 43rd President of the United States, serving from 2001 to 2009, and the 46th Governor of Texas, serving from 1995 to 2000.
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. (born Leslie Lynch King, Jr.; July 14, 1913 – December 26, 2006) was the 38th President of the United States, serving from 1974 to 1977, and the 40th Vice President of the United States serving from 1973 to 1974. As the first person appointed to the vice-presidency under the terms of the 25th Amendment, when he became President upon Richard Nixon's resignation on August 9, 1974, he also became the only President of the United States who was elected neither President nor Vice-President.
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German American
German Americans comprise about 51 million people, or 17% of the U.S. population, the country's largest self-reported ancestral group. California, Texas and Pennsylvania have the largest numbers of German origin, although upper Midwestern states, including Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, and The Dakotas, have the highest proportion of German Americans at over one-third.
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German Americans
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Harry Reid
Harry Mason Reid (born December 2, 1939) is the senior United States Senator from Nevada and a member of the Democratic Party. First elected to the Senate in 1986, he was re-elected in 1992, 1998, and 2004, and is currently seeking a fifth term in 2010.
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Harvey Whittemore
Harvey Whittemore (born 27 August 1956) is an American lawyer and businessman in the Reno, Nevada area. As an influential lobbyist for the gambling, alcohol and tobacco industries, and for his own ventures, Whittemore has been called "one of Nevada's most powerful men". Whittemore is the president of Coyote Springs Investment, LLC, the land-development company behind Coyote Springs, a controversial $30 billion planned golf course community of 160,000 homes on 43,000 acres in the rural Nevada desert. Whittemore's close relationship with Senator Harry Reid came under scrutiny because of perceived legislative and political pressure favours allowing Coyote Springs to overcome regulatory problems.
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Irish American
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Italian American
An Italian American ( singular, plural) is an American of Italian ancestry. The designation may also refer to someone possessing Italian and American dual citizenship. Italian Americans are the fourth largest European ethnic group in the United States.
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Japanese American
are Americans of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,204,205, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity. In the 2000 census, the largest Japanese American communities were in California with 394,896, Hawaii with 296,674, Washington with 56,210, New York with 45,237, and Illinois with 27,702. Each year, about 7,000 new Japanese immigrants enter United States ports, making up about 4% of immigration from Asia.
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Jerry Tarkanian
Jerry Tarkanian (born August 8, 1930), also known as "Tark the Shark", is a retired Armenian-American college basketball coach known for colorful behavior, including habitually chewing on a towel during games, and for his public criticisms of and clashes with the NCAA. He was head coach at three different Division I schools, each of which was subsequently penalized by the NCAA.
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl "Jimmy" Carter, Jr. (born October 1, 1924) served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981 and was the recipient of the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize, the only U.S. President to have received the Prize after leaving office. Before he became President, Carter served two terms as a Georgia State Senator and one as Governor of Georgia, from 1971 to 1975, and was a peanut farmer and naval officer.
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Joe Heck
Joseph J. Heck, D.O., is am osteopathic physician, former Nevada State Senator, and 2010 Republican nominee for Nevada's 3rd congressional district.
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Korean War
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Las Vegas Monorail
The Las Vegas Monorail (formerly '''MGM Grand-Bally's Monorail''') is a monorail mass transit system located on the Las Vegas Strip, in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It connects the unincorporated communities of Paradise and Winchester, and does not actually enter the City of Las Vegas. It is owned and operated by the Las Vegas Monorail Company. For tax purposes, the Monorail is registered as a not-for-profit company, which is allowed under Nevada law since the Monorail provides a public service. The state of Nevada assisted in bond financing, but otherwise no public money was used in construction; taxpayer obligation eventually will be incurred.
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Lawrence Friedman
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Mark Amodei
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Mark Knopfler
Mark Freuder Knopfler OBE (born 12 August 1949) is a British guitarist, singer, songwriter, record producer and film score composer.
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Mark Twain
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Mexican American
Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican descent or Mexicans who have obtained American citizenship. Mexican Americans account for more than 12.5% of the United States' population: 30.7 million Americans listed their ancestry as Mexican as of 2006, forming about 64% of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The United States is home to the second largest Mexican community in the world, second only to Mexico itself. Most Mexican Americans are the descendants of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico and/or Europeans, especially Spaniards. Mexican American settlement concentrations are in metropolitan and rural areas across the United States.
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Non-Hispanic white
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Norwegian American
Norwegian Americans () are Americans of Norwegian descent. Norwegian immigrants went to the United States primarily in the later half of the 19th century and the first few decades of the 20th century. There are more than five million Norwegian Americans according to the most recent U.S. census, and most live in the Upper Midwest. With the exception of Ireland, no single country contributed a larger percentage of its population to the United States than Norway.
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Polish American
http://wn.com/Polish_American -
Pre-Columbian era
The pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.
http://wn.com/Pre-Columbian_era -
Shelley Berkley
Rochelle "Shelley" Berkley (born Rochelle Levine January 20, 1951) is a politician from Las Vegas, and has been a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives since 1999, representing the First Congressional District of Nevada, which includes most of the city of Las Vegas as well as the Las Vegas Strip. She is the first Jewish woman and second member of the Jewish faith elected to Congress from Nevada, the other being "Chic" Hecht. She is also the second woman elected to Congress from Nevada, and the first elected as a Democrat.
http://wn.com/Shelley_Berkley -
Spanish Americans
http://wn.com/Spanish_Americans -
Taiwanese American
Taiwanese Americans or American people of Taiwanese descent () are American having Taiwanese ancestry.
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Vietnam War
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Weird Little Town Near Area 51 - Nevada Desert - USA Travel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Updated: 06 Nov 2012
Driving between Las Vegas and Reno Nevada on Hwy 95, you come across the strange little town of Goldfield. I often wonder what people do for a living here because really, there is pretty much nothing around for miles. This spooky town is very close to the infamous and kinda creepy Area 51. Abandoned cars in the streets and yards, abandoned homes, storage containers out in the open, deserted buildings, closed businesses all boarded up...it just seems so weird when you come from a large city environment! We love it though...it's so unique! Just one of the many crazy sights you'll come across exploring the Nevada desert...truly...there is nothing quite like it! ~Kenneth St. King
http://wn.com/Weird_Little_Town_Near_Area_51_Nevada_Desert_USA_Travel
USA: California- Nevada- Utah- Arizona 2008 HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Updated: 01 Nov 2012
USA Trip 2008 Christian&Karin;
http://wn.com/USA_California_Nevada_Utah_Arizona_2008_HD
Las Vegas Strip - Nevada, USA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:12
- Updated: 04 Oct 2012
A short impression of Las Vegas. Filmed in 2006 you can see the strip with all the big casinos. Its amazing what they build to get your money. By the way, I won some bucks ;-).
http://wn.com/Las_Vegas_Strip_Nevada,_USA
NEVADA USA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:32
- Updated: 19 May 2012
Nevada is the heart of America's west, gateway to a wild and spacious wonderland that is full of amazing surprises and outrageous contradictions. Las Vegas appears like a mirage in the desert, awake night and day. It is THE entertainment capital of the world! Guarded by a sphinx that stretches its paws out toward the Strip, a pyramid looms above the desert paradise, The Luxor Hotel, one of many theme hotels in this incredible city. The MGM lion guards one of the largest hotels in the world with over 5000 rooms, whereas the Bellagio is a return to the exclusive nature of the casino hotels of the past. Here, luxury is at its zenith - an investment of 1.8 billion dollars speaks for itself! The Valley Of Fire is located about 90 km northeast of Las Vegas and derived its name from bizarre, dark red sandstone rocks formed from both wind and rain. Good footpaths lead through the numerous canyons of the 150 million year old rock formations and while climbing over the huge plateaus, images come to mind of the Anasazi Indians who once lived here 800 years ago. The fascinating scenery of Red Rock Canyon is easily reached from Las Vegas, a perfect scene of the old Wild West in stark contrast to the glittering world of the nearby city of gambling. A panoramic 20 km roadway leads to the best observation points of this 330 km� nature reserve in the Mojave Desert. Lake Mead is a huge artificial lake amidst breathtaking nature. The land that encircles it has been declared a National ...
http://wn.com/NEVADA_USA
The REAL Loneliest Road! Strange Creepy Town Near Area 51 in Nevada Desert-USA Travel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
I decided to finally take a remote back-road "trick route" I'd always wanted to try bypassing Tonopah on the way up from Las Vegas to Reno, Nevada. Wow, what a strange trip! A little single lane road in the middle of nowhere complete with a bizarre, sort of spooky and creepy (in a way), semi-ghost town! In over 2 hours of driving we saw not ONE other car...nor a single human being. Even when driving through the little town itself. Abandoned cars, trucks..even abandoned soda machines! But not a soul did we see! Haha..I thought being so close to area 51...maybe the aliens abducted everyone! ~Kenneth St. King
http://wn.com/The_REAL_Loneliest_Road!_Strange_Creepy_Town_Near_Area_51_in_Nevada_Desert-USA_Travel
WORLD'S FASTEST BARTENDER, LAS VEGAS, NEVADA USA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
He really must be the World's FASTEST bartender! If you have a faster/better one, please upload.... info@globalvideoprotv.com
http://wn.com/WORLD'S_FASTEST_BARTENDER,_LAS_VEGAS,_NEVADA_USA
USA, Nevada, Las Vegas, "The Mirage" Hotel&Casino.; Vulcano Show.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Updated: 05 Aug 2012
http://wn.com/USA,_Nevada,_Las_Vegas,_The_Mirage_Hotel&Casino;_Vulcano_Show
Most consecutive ninety degree push ups - Guinness World Records Classics
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:16
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
SUBSCRIBE for more amazing videos: bit.ly In this video, Christian Bázan (Spain) executed 12 consecutive 90 degree push ups on the set of 'Guinness World Records', Madrid, Spain, on 16 January 2009. The Record now stands at 13 and was achieved by Jesus Villa (USA) in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA on 18 September 2010. Welcome to the official Guinness World Records YouTube channel! If you're looking for videos featuring the world's tallest, shortest, fastest, longest, oldest and most incredible things on the planet, you're in the right place. Willkommen im offiziellen Guinness World Records Kanal! Wenn du auf der Suche nach den größten, kleinsten, schnellsten, längsten, ältesten und unglaublichsten Dingen der Welt bist, dann bist du hier genau richtig. LIKE us on Facebook: www.facebook.com FOLLOW us on Twitter: twitter.com Find out more: www.guinnessworldrecords.com Add us to your G+ circles: bit.ly
http://wn.com/Most_consecutive_ninety_degree_push_ups_Guinness_World_Records_Classics
Cool Things In The Desert - Awesome 'Shoshone Falls' - Nevada - Idaho Border Area
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:19
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
We see some awesome sights in our travels, driving throughout the Desert Southwest. Spectacular Shoshone Falls is located in Idaho, close to the Nevada border. A real nice little "side adventure" that's well worth the short drive from the center of Twin Falls, Idaho. We stopped here in Sept. 2012 on our way back from Las Vegas. There's a nice picnic area, park and cool gift shop. The waterfalls looked amazing!
http://wn.com/Cool_Things_In_The_Desert_Awesome_'Shoshone_Falls'_Nevada_Idaho_Border_Area
Mina & Nadia @ Pole Expo 2012 - Mad Scientist doubles routine
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Updated: 09 Nov 2012
Nadia tries to clone the perfect doubles partner, but her science project goes terribly wrong. Music: "Sail" by AWOLnation (Unlimited Gravity Remix) youtu.be Mina Mortezaie Facebook.com Nadia Sharif Facebook.com Pole Expo 2012 PoleExpo.com Pole Star Showcase 2012 September 8th Las Vegas, Nevada, USA The Palms Casino & Hotel Rain Nightclub
http://wn.com/Mina_Nadia_@_Pole_Expo_2012_Mad_Scientist_doubles_routine
MISS UNIVERSE 2012 LAS VEGAS TRAILER ft Favorite Contestants
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:50
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Miss Universe 2012, the 61st Miss Universe pageant, will be held on December 19, 2012 at the Theatre for the Performing Arts at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
http://wn.com/MISS_UNIVERSE_2012_LAS_VEGAS_TRAILER_ft_Favorite_Contestants
56 C degrees !! USA: Nevada Death Valley
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:00
- Updated: 23 Sep 2012
Valle della Morte, Nevada. Quel giorno (07/07/2007) il termometro a Zabrinskie Point ha toccato i 56 gradi centigradi...
http://wn.com/56_C_degrees_!!_USA_Nevada_Death_Valley
Miss Universe 2012 Top 20 Early Favourite November Edition
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 13:02
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Miss Universe 2012, the 61st Miss Universe pageant, will be held on December 19, 2012 in PH Live at the Planet Hollywood Resort & Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA.Leila Lopes from Angola will crown her successor at the end of the event.
http://wn.com/Miss_Universe_2012_Top_20_Early_Favourite_November_Edition
Sierra Nevada Southern Hemisphere Harvest Fresh Hop Ale 6.7% ABV - SwillinGrog Beer Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:41
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Brewed and bottled by the Sierra Nevada Brewing Co. Chico, CA, USA.
http://wn.com/Sierra_Nevada_Southern_Hemisphere_Harvest_Fresh_Hop_Ale_67_ABV_SwillinGrog_Beer_Review
BURNING MAN FPV - Black Rock City Aerial Tour 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
MORE INFORMATION BELOW! The most huge thanks to my spotter and ground crew TR "Deluxe" - I could not have done it without you! MUSIC: "Ready To Fly" by Clayton Joseph Scott, from his album "More Love", gifted to me by the artist himself on the playa. Listening to this song on the way back to the default world I realized that the lyrics encompass the Burning Man experience quite perfectly. The flying reference also made it great for this video. Clayton has kindly allowed me to use his song. Please check out his other works at: claytonjosephscott.com www.facebook.com ABOUT FPV FLYING: FPV is "first person view" flying of a radio controlled aircraft using a video image from the plane transmitted wirelessly to a viewing station on the ground, using video goggles in my case. This allows safe operation of a small, quiet, electric airplane while taking high-definition video while piloting the plane as if one were sitting in the cockpit. I flew at about 50kph (30mph) at an altitude of of 30m (100ft) over the playa and the city to obtain video for this production, then landed safely right on the inner playa. The plane was operated using the DragonLink long-range UHF system which gives highly-secure control for up to 10 miles range. ABOUT BURNING MAN: Trying to explain what Burning Man is to someone who has never been to the event is a bit like trying to explain what a particular color looks like to someone who is blind. It is an 8-day event which takes place annually in late ...
http://wn.com/BURNING_MAN_FPV_Black_Rock_City_Aerial_Tour_2012
Fender Select Series Stratocaster HSS Antique Burst Demo - Nevada Music UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:45
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
Here... www.nevadamusic.co.uk Introducing the Fender Select series guitars and basses-true players' instruments that put more than six decades of Fender experience and expertise on outstandingly appointed display and bring a wealth of high-end features and elegant design options to discerning musicians everywhere. With choice tone woods, figured tops, strikingly beautiful finishes, figured and quarter sawn Maple necks with compound-radius fretboards, specially voiced Fender Select pickups that deliver masterful tone, and other first-rate features, the US-made Select Series puts Fender's top-line best in capable hands-yours. The Fender Select Stratocaster HSS takes the refined elegance of its triple-single-coil brother and amps it up through the roof with the extra power of a hum-bucking bridge pickup. Features include a striking Antique Burst gloss-lacquer finish on a sleek flame maple-top body. Its modern C-shaped birds-eye Maple neck has a comfortable contoured heel, Bi-Flex truss rod system for rock-solid stability, a satin lacquer finish and rear-headstock "Fender Select" medallion. The smooth-playing compound radius rosewood fret board (9.5"-14") has 22 medium jumbo frets and stylish white Pearloid position inlays. Full-throated sound roars from the Fender Select Stratocaster hum-bucking bridge pickup, with singing tone from new Fender Select Stratocaster single-coil neck and middle pickups-all combined with five-way switching and a no-load tone control that delivers ...
http://wn.com/Fender_Select_Series_Stratocaster_HSS_Antique_Burst_Demo_Nevada_Music_UK
Fender Strat's - Road Worn, Standard, Special, Classic Player - Nevada Music UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:00
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Hear different Fender Strat's through a Fender Hot Rod Deluxe 3 combo. Damon Chivers from Fender UK noodles away through the 60's Road Worn, Mexican Standard, USA Special, USA Standard and the 60's Classic Player strats.
http://wn.com/Fender_Strat's_Road_Worn,_Standard,_Special,_Classic_Player_Nevada_Music_UK
Adventure Prone - Adventure Prone EP 25 - Red Dead Hunger Games
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:26
- Updated: 07 Nov 2012
www.facebook.com Episode 25: George and Ian run out of clutch levers as they grapple with the meaning of "rubber side down." Later they discover that the "Loneliest Road" in America is surprisingly light on gas stations. Somehow they manage to survive their rugged cowboy lifestyles with only the bare necessities. Music from Third Side Music Fashion by Drew Junkin
http://wn.com/Adventure_Prone_Adventure_Prone_EP_25_Red_Dead_Hunger_Games
Die Superhomies in den USA - Roadtrip nach Los Angeles (mit Gronkh und Sarazar)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:19
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
In Las Vegas haben die Superhomies ordentlich gerockt - doch der Ort ist einfach nicht groß genug für zwei Cowboys. Also haben Gronkh und Sarazar einen wilden Mustang gezähmt und machen sich auf die Reise durch die Prärie. Von Nevada bis Kalifornien nehmen wir euch mit auf einen waschechten Roadtrip. Auf der Tour nach Los Angeles besuchen wir unter anderem auch Goodsprings - bekannt aus Fallout: New Vegas und ihr seid herzlich eingeladen, mit uns zu reiten. Die Superhomies auf Facebook: facebook.com Sarazar auf Youtube: youtube.com Gronkh auf Youtube: youtube.com MUSIC: - RICHTASTE - SUPERMEN (CREATIVE COMMONS) - HOUDINI ROADSHOW - EASY (CREATIVE COMMONS) - DAVID CERTANO - I AM FROM THE COUNTRY (CREATIVE COMMONS) - DAVID CERTANO - STOP ON A DIME (CREATIVE COMMONS) - RICHTASTE - GOOD DAYS ARE GONE (CREATIVE COMMONS) - DAVID CERTANO - SIN WAGON (CREATIVE COMMONS) - RICHTASTE - THE SEA (CREATIVE COMMONS) - DAVID CERTANO - HONKY TONK TRUTH (CREATIVE COMMONS) - FOXIK BEATZ - REMAKE CUT (CREATIVE COMMONS)
http://wn.com/Die_Superhomies_in_den_USA_Roadtrip_nach_Los_Angeles_mit_Gronkh_und_Sarazar
Burning Man 2011: THE UNITY )'( Burnin' Italia, Martini Village
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:00
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Burning Man 2011 - Rites of passage. The perfect world. A great social experiment 50000 people gather every year for one week in the sand desert of Nevada USA to share an incredible experience of collaboration, unity, self expression, friendship and art. At least once in eveyone's lifetime experience. Scenes from Martini Village theme camp, Burnin' Italia unit, Andrea & Luca
http://wn.com/Burning_Man_2011_THE_UNITY_'_Burnin'_Italia,_Martini_Village
US 93 North (NV & AZ), Hoover Dam Bypass
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Updated: 05 Nov 2012
This video covers the new 4 lane alignment of the Hoover Dam Bypass, and includes footage of the Mike O'Callaghan - Pat Tillman Memorial Bridge, located 1600 feet downstream from the Hoover Dam. At 900 feet in height, it is the 2nd tallest bridge in the country.
http://wn.com/US_93_North_NV_AZ,_Hoover_Dam_Bypass
Next Stop - Next Stop: Las Vegas, Nevada
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:25
- Updated: 08 Nov 2012
Everything BUT the strip! Grand Canyon Helicopter Tour, Black Canyon River Tour, Zipline over Fremont Street, Capoapos's Italian Steakhouse, Aston MonteLago Village Resort, Tarah Grace at The Black Door. Check Out More Shows at www.nextstop.tv
http://wn.com/Next_Stop_Next_Stop_Las_Vegas,_Nevada
Fender American Special Strat's and Tele review - Nevada Music UK
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Updated: 26 Oct 2012
www.nevadamusic.co.uk You have to hand it to Fender, when it comes to re-inventing the wheel, they are the masters. Lets have a quick recap of the American Specials unique features. Large 70s Style headstock, Greasebucket tone circuit, Texas Special pickups and parchment coloured plastic parts. All designed to please the eye and the ears at a more affordable price than the USA Standard. Played seated or standing this Strat is as comfortable to wear as the day Leo designed it. The guitars light/medium weight and contours make it feel like a natural extension of the players body. An acoustic strum sounds loud and lively causing the guitars body to vibrate the way all well assembled instruments do. The Texas Specials are right up there in the tone department. To my ears they make a Strat sound extra "Stratty". They have good output and bags of tone and though some find them a little brittle sounding, I think that adds to their ability to cut through all the other frequencies flying around in a live situation. Clean, crunch or full on distortion, this guitar handles them all with aplomb. Fender set out to manufacture a more affordable USA Strat that looks great with sounds to match. Job done. Again differences are 22 jumbo frets, USA Standard's use medium jumbo and Mexician Standards have 21. Texas special pickups, excellent slight hotter and fatter than the standard and a HSS version too. Vintage style strat bridge as opposed to the fulcrum bridge on USA standards. Brass 3 ...
http://wn.com/Fender_American_Special_Strat's_and_Tele_review_Nevada_Music_UK
Photo: AP / Moises Castillo
08 Nov 2012
By Sonia Perez-Diaz and Romina Ruiz-Goiriena Associated Press Comments People chat with a police officer while standing in the rubble caused after a magnitude 7.4 earthquake struck Wednesday in San...
Photo: AP / Andres Kudacki
07 Nov 2012
Barack Obama claimed a second presidential term last night as a progressive coalition of women, minorities and young people came together to return America’s first black president to the White...
Photo: AP
06 Nov 2012
The inquiry into the miners' deaths is showing how police doctored evidence and revealing a force that believes itself to be above South African law...
Photo: Public Domain / Shooke
08 Nov 2012
Irish novelist who created the best-known vampire in literary and film history was born 165 years ago Bram Stoker books celebrated in Google doodle....
Photo: US Navy / Mass Communication Specialist 1st Class Todd A. Schaffer
06 Nov 2012
- At an unknown location somewhere deep beneath the world's oceans, a British submarine sits primed to launch up to 40 nuclear warheads with a collective destructive power almost 300 times greater...
The Dallas Morning News
WASHINGTON — Karl Rove and his investors were the biggest losers on Election Day. The Republican strategist created the model for outside money groups that raised and spent more than $1 billion on the Nov. 6 elections — many of which saw almost no return for their money. Rove, through his two...(size: 11.6Kb)
Bloomberg
The whistle-blower helping the U.S. government mount a $1 billion fraud lawsuit against Bank of America Corp. was himself accused of fraud by an investor in a financing company he co-founded, and now works at Fannie Mae (FNMA), one of two entities he claims the bank defrauded. Edward O’Donnell sued...(size: 13.4Kb)
Jewel private s
09 Nov 2012
IMC
Submitted by psualesls on Fri, 2012-11-09 00:05 Â http://kan.akininytisab.co.za/Nml1Z Boys masterburate together video http://cup8.akininttisab.co.za/vrtsw.html Flower stem template http://tio.akininytisab.co.za/Ynb5M P90x workout on paper http://pai0.akininttisab.co.za/Basy4 Nicole coco austin feet...(size: 256.0Kb)
Roger Waters plays with band of wounded veterans
09 Nov 2012
The Tribune San Luis Obispo
Search Events Restaurants Movies Music Add an Event Performing Arts Venues Photos & Videos Election 2012 comes to a close Mugshots from SLO County Jail: November......(size: 13.6Kb)
Cold and wet in Bay Area - snow?
09 Nov 2012
San Francisco Chronicle
The cold weather that arrived in the Bay Area from Alaska will continue Friday, bringing showers and the chance of hail, thunderstorms and even a dusting of snow at higher elevations,...(size: 1.2Kb)
Newstrack India
Tweet Washington, Nov 9 (ANI): Comets have been colliding with one another every six seconds for millions of years near a star in the constellation Cetus called 49 CETI, which is visible to the naked eye. Over the past three decades, astronomers have discovered hundreds of dusty disks around stars,...(size: 4.0Kb)
Milbank: Boehner ready to bargain?
09 Nov 2012
The State
After Mitt Romneyâs defeat on Tuesday, John Boehner is the undisputed leader of the Republican Party. Pity him. President Obamaâs re-election and the Democratsâ successful defense of their Senate majority have put the House speaker in a vise. Squeezing him on one side are the tea party...(size: 5.1Kb)
Sierra Nevada Narwhal Imperial Stout (Review)
09 Nov 2012
The Examiner
Related topics Craft Beer ReviewsInternational Stout Daybeer releasesCraft beer releasesSierra Nevada Brewing Company Rating for Sierra Nevada Narwhal Imperial Stout 5 Advertisement To finish out International Stout Day the right way, here's a review of a brand new Imperial Stout from Sierra Nevada...(size: 8.9Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics DrakeThe Weekend Advertisement Following his well-publicized nightclub scuffle with Chris Brown in June, not as much drama has been circulating around artist Drake. And while Brown has stayed in the headlines constantly because of his love triangle with Karrueche Tran and Rihanna,...(size: 8.5Kb)
Wounded Warriors find welcome in Las Vegas
09 Nov 2012
Review Journal
They walked with canes, on crutches and artificial legs. Some made the "Walk of Gratitude" Tuesday night by rolling down the halls of The Mirage in wheelchairs. Although they were handicapped and coping with the physical and invisible wounds of war, the 60 Wounded Warriors smiled when hundreds of...(size: 2.8Kb)
Election's biggest loser: Karl Rove
09 Nov 2012
Canberra Times
Karl Rove and his investors were the biggest losers on US election day. The Republican strategist created the model for outside money groups that raised and spent more than $US1 billion ($960 million) on the November 6 elections – many of which saw almost no return for their money. The...(size: 10.9Kb)
Ohio
Last month, longtime Stark County Common Pleas Judge Lee Sinclair went on a hiking trip with his wife in the Oregon wilderness and decided it was time to retire from a job he loves. “I realized I could still do 45 miles on a trail,” Sinclair said Thursday in a Beacon Journal interview,...(size: 4.4Kb)
BBC News
While pundits were insisting the presidential race was a toss-up, "polling aggregators" - who analyse the polls in order to make predictions - were being criticised for favouring President Obama's favour. Not any more. In September we called Drew Linzer, an associated professor of...(size: 14.2Kb)
This article is about the U.S. state of Nevada. For other uses, see Nevada (disambiguation).
| State of Nevada | |||||
|
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| Nickname(s): Silver State (official); Sagebrush State; Battle Born State |
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| Motto(s): All For Our Country | |||||
 |
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| Official language(s) | De jure: None De facto: English |
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| Demonym | Nevadan | ||||
| Capital | Carson City | ||||
| Largest city | Las Vegas | ||||
| Largest metro area | Las Vegas metropolitan area | ||||
| Area | Ranked 7th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 110,622 sq mi (286,367 km2) |
||||
| - Width | 322 miles (519 km) | ||||
| - Length | 492 miles (787 km) | ||||
| - % water | |||||
| - Latitude | 35° N to 42° N | ||||
| - Longitude | 114° 2′ W to 120° W | ||||
| Population | Ranked 35th in the U.S. | ||||
| - Total | 2,723,322 (2011 est)[1] | ||||
| - Density | 24.8/sq mi (9.57/km2) Ranked 42nd in the U.S. |
||||
| - Median household income | $56,361 (15th) | ||||
| Elevation | |||||
| - Highest point | Boundary Peak[2][3][4][5] 13,147 ft (4007.1 m) |
||||
| - Mean | 5,500 ft (1680 m) | ||||
| - Lowest point | Colorado River at California border[3][4] 481 ft (147 m) |
||||
| Before statehood | Nevada Territory | ||||
| Admission to Union | October 31, 1864 (36th) | ||||
| Governor | Brian Sandoval (R) | ||||
| Lieutenant Governor | Brian Krolicki (R) | ||||
| Legislature | Nevada Legislature | ||||
| - Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - Lower house | Assembly | ||||
| U.S. Senators | Harry Reid (D) Dean Heller (R) |
||||
| U.S. House delegation | 1: Shelley Berkley (D) 2: Mark Amodei (R) 3: Joe Heck (R) (list) |
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| Time zones | |||||
| - most of state | Pacific: UTC-8/-7 | ||||
| - West Wendover | Mountain: UTC-7/-6 | ||||
| Abbreviations | NV Nev. US-NV | ||||
| Website | www.nv.gov | ||||
Nevada (
i/nəˈvædə/ or /nəˈvɒdə/) is a state in the western, mountain west, and southwestern regions of the United States. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 35th most populous, and the 9th least densely populated of the 50 United States. Over two-thirds of Nevada's people live in one single county, Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area,[6] where the state's three largest incorporated cities are located.[7] Nevada's capital is Carson City.
Nevada is largely desert and semiarid, with much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe and the Sierra Nevada mountains lie on the western edge. Approximately 86% of the state's land is owned by the US government under various jurisdictions, both civilian and military.[8]
The name Nevada is derived from the nearby Sierra Nevada mountains, which means "snow-capped mountain range" in Spanish. The land comprising the modern state was inhabited by Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, and Washoe tribes prior to European contact.[9] It was subsequently claimed by Spain as a part of Alta California until the Mexican War of Independence brought it under Mexican control. The United States gained the territory in 1848 following its victory in the Mexican-American War and the area was eventually incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a population boom that was an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31, 1864.[10]
The establishment of legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce proceedings in the 20th century transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination.[11][12] The tourism industry remains Nevada's largest employer,[13] with mining continuing to be a substantial sector of the economy as Nevada is the fourth largest producer of gold in the world.[14]
Nevada is officially known as the "Silver State" due to the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the "Battle Born State" because it achieved statehood during the Civil War and the "Sagebrush State" for the native eponymous plant.
Contents |
Etymology and pronunciation[link]
The name "Nevada" comes from the Spanish Nevada [neˈβaða], meaning "snow-covered",[15] after the Sierra Nevada ("snow-covered mountains") mountain range.
Nevadans normally pronounce the second syllable of their state name using the /æ/ vowel of "bad". Many from outside the Western United States pronounce it with the /ɑː/ vowel of "father" /nəˈvɑːdə/. Although the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation, it is not the pronunciation preferred by locals. Notably, George W. Bush made this faux pas during his campaign for the 2004 US Presidential Election. Vindication later came when President Bush campaigned at the Reno-Sparks Convention Center on June 18, 2004. The president opened his talk by proclaiming that "It's great to be here in Nevada /nəˈˈvædə/," emphasizing the correct 'a' – the crowd roared its approval when he light-heartedly noted, "You didn't think I'd get it right, did ya?"[16] Bush subsequently carried the state in the election. Assemblyman Harry Mortenson has proposed a bill to recognize the alternate (quasi-Spanish) pronunciation of Nevada.[17]
Geography[link]
Further information: List of Nevada counties
Nevada is almost entirely within the Basin and Range Province, and is broken up by many north-south mountain ranges. Most of these ranges have endorheic valleys between them, which belies the image portrayed by the term Great Basin.
Much of the northern part of the state is within the Great Basin, a mild desert that experiences hot temperatures in the summer and cold temperatures in the winter. Occasionally, moisture from the Arizona Monsoon will cause summer thunderstorms; Pacific storms may blanket the area with snow. The state's highest recorded temperature was 125 °F (52 °C) in Laughlin (elevation of 605 feet / 184 metres) on June 29, 1994.[18] The coldest recorded temperature was −52 °F (−47 °C) set in San Jacinto in 1972, in the northeastern portion of the state.[18]
The Humboldt River crosses from east to west across the northern part of the state, draining into the Humboldt Sink near Lovelock. Several rivers drain from the Sierra Nevada eastward, including the Walker, Truckee and Carson rivers.
File:CCF12262007 00003.jpg
Mountains west of Las Vegas in the Mojave Desert
The mountain ranges, some of which have peaks above 13,000 feet (4,000 m), harbor lush forests high above desert plains, creating sky islands for endemic species. The valleys are often no lower in elevation than 3,000 feet (910 m).
The southern third of the state, where the Las Vegas area is situated, is within the Mojave Desert. The area receives less rain in the winter but is closer to the Arizona Monsoon in the summer. The terrain is also lower, mostly below 4,000 feet (1,200 m), creating conditions for hot summer days and cool to chilly winter nights (due to temperature inversion).
Nevada and California have by far the longest diagonal line (in respect to the cardinal directions) as a state boundary at just over 400 miles (640 km). This line begins in Lake Tahoe nearly 4 miles (6.4 km) offshore (in the direction of the boundary), and continues to the Colorado River where the Nevada, California, and Arizona boundaries merge 12 miles (19 km) southwest of the Laughlin Bridge.
The largest mountain range in the southern portion of the state is the Spring Mountain Range, just west of Las Vegas. The state's lowest point is along the Colorado River, south of Laughlin.
Nevada has 172 mountain summits with 2,000 feet (610 m) of prominence. Nevada ranks second in the US, behind Alaska, and ahead of California, Montana, and Washington. This makes Nevada the "Most Mountainous" state in the country, at least by this measure.
Climate[link]
Nevada is the driest state in the US.[19] It is made up of mostly desert and semiarid climate regions, daytime summer temperatures sometimes may rise as high as 125 °F (52 °C) and nighttime winter temperatures may reach as low as −50 °F (−46 °C). While winters in northern Nevada are long and fairly cold, the winter season in the southern part of the state tends to be of short duration and mild. Most parts of Nevada receive scarce precipitation during the year. Most rain falls on the lee side (east and northeast slopes) of the Sierra Nevada. The average annual rainfall per year is about 7 inches (18 cm); the wettest parts get around 40 inches (100 cm). Nevada's highest recorded temperature is 125 °F (52 °C) at Laughlin on June 29, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature is −50 °F (−46 °C) at San Jacinto on January 8, 1937. Nevada's 125 °F (52 °C) reading is the third highest temperature recorded in the U.S. just behind Arizona's 128 °F (53 °C) reading and California's 134 °F (57 °C) reading.
Vegetation[link]
Nevada contains six biotic zones: alpine, sub-alpine, "Ponderosa Pine", "pinion-juniper", "sagebrush" and "creosotebush".[20]
Counties[link]
Nevada is divided into political jurisdictions designated as counties. Carson City is officially a consolidated municipality; however, for many purposes under state law it is considered to be a county. As of 1919 there were 17 counties in the state, ranging from 146 to 18,159 square miles (380 to 47,030 km2). In 1969 Ormsby County was dissolved and the consolidated municipality of Carson City was created by the Legislature in its place co-terminous with the old boundaries of Ormsby County.
| County name | County seat | Year founded | 2010 population [21] | Percent of total | Area (mi²) | Percent of total | Population density (/mi²) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carson City | Carson City | 1861 | 55,274 | 2.63 % | 146 | 0.13 % | 359.29 |
| Churchill | Fallon | 1861 | 24,877 | 1.20 % | 5,023 | 4.54 % | 4.77 |
| Clark | Las Vegas | 1908 | 1,951,269 | 68.85 % | 8,091 | 7.32 % | 170.04 |
| Douglas | Minden | 1861 | 46,997 | 2.06 % | 738 | 0.67 % | 55.91 |
| Elko | Elko | 1869 | 48,818 | 2.27 % | 17,203 | 15.56 % | 2.63 |
| Esmeralda | Goldfield | 1861 | 783 | 0.05 % | 3,589 | 3.25 % | 0.27 |
| Eureka | Eureka | 1869 | 1,987 | 0.08 % | 4,180 | 3.78 % | 0.39 |
| Humboldt | Winnemucca | 1856/1861 | 16,528 | 0.81 % | 9,658 | 8.74 % | 1.67 |
| Lander | Battle Mountain | 1861 | 5,775 | 0.29 % | 5,519 | 4.99 % | 1.05 |
| Lincoln | Pioche | 1866 | 5,345 | 0.21 % | 10,637 | 9.62 % | 0.39 |
| Lyon | Yerington | 1861 | 51,980 | 1.73 % | 2,016 | 1.82 % | 17.11 |
| Mineral | Hawthorne | 1911 | 4,772 | 0.25 % | 3,813 | 3.45 % | 1.33 |
| Nye | Tonopah | 1864 | 43,946 | 1.63 % | 18,159 | 16.43 % | 1.79 |
| Pershing | Lovelock | 1919 | 6,753 | 0.33 % | 6,068 | 5.49 % | 1.10 |
| Storey | Virginia City | 1861 | 4,010 | 0.17 % | 264 | 0.24 % | 12.88 |
| Washoe | Reno | 1861 | 421,407 | 16.99 % | 6,551 | 5.93 % | 51.82 |
| White Pine | Ely | 1869 | 10,030 | 0.46 % | 8,897 | 8.05 % | 1.03 |
| Totals | Counties: 17 | 2,700,551 | 110,552 | 18.08 |
- Humboldt was designated as a County in 1856 by Utah Territorial Legislature and again in 1861 by the new Nevada Legislature.
History[link]
Main article: History of Nevada
Before 1861[link]
File:Early Locomotive.JPG
Sculpture representing a steam locomotive, in Ely, Nevada. Early locomotives played an important part in Nevada's mining industry
See History of Utah, History of Las Vegas, and the discovery of the first major U.S. deposit of silver ore in Comstock Lode under Virginia City, Nevada in 1859.
Separation from Utah Territory[link]
See also: Nevada in the American Civil War
On March 2, 1861, the Nevada Territory separated from the Utah Territory and adopted its current name, shortened from Sierra Nevada (Spanish for "snowy range").
The 1861 southern boundary is commemorated by Nevada Historical Markers 57 and 58 in Lincoln and Nye counties.
Statehood[link]
See also: Nevada in the American Civil War
Eight days prior to the presidential election of 1864, Nevada became the 36th state in the union. Statehood was rushed to the date of October 31 to help ensure Abraham Lincoln's reelection on November 8 and post-Civil War Republican dominance in Congress,[22] as Nevada's mining-based economy tied it to the more industrialized Union.
Nevada is notable for being one of only two states to significantly expand its borders after admission to the Union.[clarification needed] Nevada achieved its current southern boundaries on May 5, 1866, when it absorbed the portion of Pah-Ute County in the Arizona Territory west of the Colorado River, essentially all of present day Nevada south of the 37th parallel. The transfer was prompted by the discovery of gold in the area, and it was thought by officials that Nevada would be better able to oversee the expected population boom. This area includes most of what is now Clark County. In 1868 another part of the western Utah Territory, whose population was seeking to avoid Mormon dominance, was added to Nevada in the eastern part of the state, setting the current eastern boundary.
Mining shaped Nevada's economy for many years (see Silver mining in Nevada). When Mark Twain lived in Nevada during the period described in Roughing It, mining had led to an industry of speculation and immense wealth. However, both mining and population declined in the late 19th century. However, the rich silver strike at Tonopah in 1900, followed by strikes in Goldfield and Rhyolite, again put Nevada's population on an upward trend.
Gambling and labor[link]
Unregulated gambling was commonplace in the early Nevada mining towns but was outlawed in 1909 as part of a nation-wide anti-gambling crusade. Because of subsequent declines in mining output and the decline of the agricultural sector during the Great Depression, Nevada again legalized gambling on March 19, 1931, with approval from the legislature. Governor Fred B. Balzar's signature enacted the most liberal divorce laws in the country and open gambling. The reforms came just eight days after the federal government presented the $49 million construction contract for Boulder Dam (now Hoover Dam).[23]
Nuclear testing[link]
The Nevada Test Site, 65 miles (105 km) northwest of the city of Las Vegas, was founded on January 11, 1951, for the testing of nuclear weapons. The site is composed of approximately 1,350 square miles (3,500 km2) of desert and mountainous terrain. Nuclear testing at the Nevada Test Site began with a 1 kilotonne of TNT (4.2 TJ) bomb dropped on Frenchman Flat on January 27, 1951. The last atmospheric test was conducted on July 17, 1962, and the underground testing of weapons continued until September 23, 1992. The location is known for having the highest concentration of nuclear-detonated weapons in the U.S.
Over 80% of the state's area is owned by the federal government. The primary reason for this is that homesteads were not permitted in large enough sizes to be viable in the arid conditions that prevail throughout desert Nevada. Instead, early settlers would homestead land surrounding a water source, and then graze livestock on the adjacent public land, which is useless for agriculture without access to water (this pattern of ranching still prevails).
Demographics[link]
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) |
Growth[link]
The United States Census Bureau estimates that the population of Nevada was 2,723,322 on July 1, 2011, a 0.84% increase since the 2010 United States Census.[1]
According to the Census Bureau's 2007 estimate, Nevada has an estimated population of 2,565,382 which is an increase of 92,909, or 3.5%, from the prior year and an increase of 516,550, or 20.8%, since the year 2000. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 81,661 people (that is 170,451 births minus 88,790 deaths) and an increase due to net migration of 337,043 people into the state. Immigration from outside the United States resulted in a net increase of 66,098 people, and migration within the country produced a net increase of 270,945 people. According to the 2006 census estimate, Nevada is the eighth fastest growing state in the nation.[24]
The center of population of Nevada is located in southern Nye County.[25] In this county, the unincorporated town of Pahrump, located 60 miles (97 km) west of Las Vegas on the California state line, has grown very rapidly from 1980 to 2010. At the 2010 census, the town had 36,441 residents.[26] Las Vegas was America's fastest-growing city and metropolitan area from 1960 to 2000, but has grown from a gulch of 100 people in 1900 to 10,000 by 1950 to 100,000 by 1970.[citation needed]
File:Nevadapopulationdensity.png
Nevada Population Density Map
From about the 1940s until 2003, Nevada was the fastest-growing state in the US percentage-wise. Between 1990 and 2000, Nevada's population increased 66.3%, while the USA's population increased 13.1%. Over two thirds of the population of the state live in the Clark County Las Vegas metropolitan area.
Henderson and North Las Vegas are among the USA's top 20 fastest-growing cities of over 100,000.
The rural community of Mesquite located 65 miles (105 km) northeast of Las Vegas was an example of micropolitan growth in the 1990s and 2000s. Other desert towns like Mercury and Searchlight on the outskirts of Las Vegas have seen some growth as well.
Large numbers of new residents in the state originate from California, which led some locals to feel that their state is being "Californicated".[27]
Largest Cities[link]
|
Largest cities or towns of Nevada http://nvdemography.org/data-and-publications/estimates/estimates-by-county-city-and-unincorporated-towns/ Offical 2011 State of Nevada estimates |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | City name | County | Pop.
|
||||||
| 1 | Las Vegas | Clark County | 588,274 | ||||||
| 2 | Henderson | Clark County | 264,839 | ||||||
| 3 | North Las Vegas | Clark County | 223,873 | ||||||
| 4 | Reno | Washoe County | 222,801 | ||||||
| 5 | Sunrise Manor | Clark County | 191,007 | ||||||
| 6 | Paradise | Clark County | 181,635 | ||||||
| 7 | Spring Valley | Clark County | 172,483 | ||||||
| 8 | Enterprise | Clark County | 160,632 | ||||||
| 9 | Sparks | Washoe County | 92,302 | ||||||
| 10 | Carson City | Carson City | 56,066 | ||||||
Top 10 locations by GDP in Nevada[link]
| Rank | Place | GDP | County | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Incline Village-Crystal Bay | $52,521 | Washoe | |
| 2 | Kingsbury | $41,421 | Douglas | |
| 3 | Mount Charleston | $38,821 | Clark | |
| 4 | Verdi-Mogul | $38,233 | Washoe | |
| 5 | Zephyr Cove-Round Hill Village | $37,218 | Douglas | |
| 6 | Summerlin South | $33,017 | Clark | |
| 7 | Blue Diamond | $30,479 | Clark | |
| 8 | Minden | $30,405 | Douglas | |
| 9 | Boulder City | $29,770 | Clark | |
| 10 | Spanish Springs | $26,908 | Washoe | |
|
Further information: Nevada locations by per capita income
|
||||
Rural areas[link]
A small percentage of Nevada's population lives in rural areas. The culture of these places differs significantly from that of the major metropolitan areas. People in these rural counties tend to be native Nevada residents, unlike in the Las Vegas and Reno areas, where the vast majority of the population was born in another state. The rural population is also less diverse in terms of race and ethnicity. Mining plays an important role in the economies of the rural counties, with tourism being less prominent.[28]
Human diversity[link]
|
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This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011) |
According to the 2010 census estimates, racial distribution was as follows: 66.2% White (54.1% non-Hispanic white), 8.1% African American, 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 7.2% Asian American, 0.6% Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander, 4.7% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race made 26.5% of the population.[29] In 1970, non-Hispanic whites made up 88% of the state's population.[30]
The principal ancestries of Nevada's residents in 2009 have been surveyed to be the following:[31]
- 20.8% Mexican
- 13.3% German
- 10.0% Irish
- 9.2% English
- 6.3% Italian
- 3.8% American
- 3.6% Scandinavian (1.4% Norwegian, 1.4% Swedish, and 0.8% Danish).
In terms of diversity, Nevada is home to many cultures and nationalities. Las Vegas and Reno or Washoe County are minority majority cities and counties. Nevada also has a sizable Basque ancestry population. In Douglas, Mineral and Pershing counties, a plurality of residents are of Mexican ancestry, with Clark County (Las Vegas) being home to over 200,000 Mexican Americans alone; Nye County and Humboldt County have a plurality of Germans; and Washoe County has many Irish Americans. Americans of English descent form pluralities in Lincoln County, Churchill County, Lyon County, White Pine County and Eureka County. Las Vegas is home to rapid-growing ethnic communities like Scandinavians, Italians, Poles, Greeks, Spaniards and Armenians.
Largely African American sections of Las Vegas ("the Meadows") and Reno can be found. Many current African-American Nevadans are newly transplanted residents from California, the Midwest, or the East Coast.
Since the California Gold Rush of the 1850s brought thousands of Chinese miners to Washoe county, Asian Americans lived in the state. They were followed by a few hundred of Japanese farm workers in the late 19th century. By the late 20th century, many immigrants from China, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and recently from India and Vietnam came to the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The city now has one of America's most prolific Asian American communities, with a mostly Chinese and Taiwanese area known as "Chinatown" west of I-15 on Spring Mountain Boulevard, and an "Asiatown" shopping mall for Asian customers located at Charleston Avenue and Paradise Boulevard. Filipino Americans form the largest Asian American group in the state, with a population of more than 113,000. They comprise 56.5% of the Asian American population in Nevada and constitute about 4.3% of the entire state's population.[32]
According to the 2000 U.S. Census, 16.19% of Nevada's population aged 5 and older speak Spanish at home, while 1.59% speak Filipino[33] and 1% speak Chinese languages.
At the 2010 census, 6.9% of the state's population were reported as under 5, 24.6% were under 18, and 12.0% were 65 or older.[34] Females made up approximately 49.5% of the population.[35]
Las Vegas was a major destination for immigrants from South Asia and Latin America seeking employment in the gaming and hospitality industries during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, but farming and construction are the biggest employers of immigrant labor.
Senior citizens (over age 65) and young children or teenagers (under age 18) form large sections of the Nevada population. The religious makeup of Nevadans includes large communities of Mormons, Roman Catholics and Evangelicals; each is known for higher birth rates and a younger than national average age. American Jews represent a large proportion of the active adult retirement community.
Data from 2000 and 2005 suggests the following figures:
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1860 | 6,857 |
|
|
| 1870 | 42,941 | 526.2% | |
| 1880 | 62,266 | 45.0% | |
| 1890 | 47,355 | −23.9% | |
| 1900 | 42,335 | −10.6% | |
| 1910 | 81,875 | 93.4% | |
| 1920 | 77,407 | −5.5% | |
| 1930 | 91,058 | 17.6% | |
| 1940 | 110,247 | 21.1% | |
| 1950 | 160,083 | 45.2% | |
| 1960 | 285,278 | 78.2% | |
| 1970 | 488,738 | 71.3% | |
| 1980 | 800,493 | 63.8% | |
| 1990 | 1,201,833 | 50.1% | |
| 2000 | 1,998,257 | 66.3% | |
| 2010 | 2,700,551 | 35.1% | |
| Source: 1910–2010[36] | |||
| By race | White | Black | AIAN* | Asian | NHPI* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 (total population) | 86.11% | 7.67% | 2.17% | 5.67% | 0.83% |
| 2000 (Hispanic only) | 18.78% | 0.44% | 0.45% | 0.25% | 0.11% |
| 2005 (total population) | 84.25% | 8.58% | 2.15% | 6.87% | 0.92% |
| 2005 (Hispanic only) | 22.31% | 0.69% | 0.51% | 0.30% | 0.12% |
| Growth 2000–05 (total population) | 18.23% | 35.25% | 20.23% | 46.27% | 33.72% |
| Growth 2000–05 (non-Hispanic only) | 11.17% | 31.96% | 16.39% | 46.36% | 33.55% |
| Growth 2000–05 (Hispanic only) | 43.57% | 88.97% | 34.74% | 44.46% | 34.84% |
| * AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native; NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander | |||||
In 2010, illegal immigrants constituted an estimated 8.8% of the population. This was the highest percentage of any state in the country.[37]
Religion[link]
Major religious affiliations of the people of Nevada are:[38]
- Roman Catholic – 27%
- Protestant
- Mainline – 11%
- Evangelical – 13%
- Other Protestant – 2%
- Latter-day Saint/ Mormon – 11%
- Muslim – 2%
- Jewish – 1%
- Other Religions – 3%
- Unaffiliated – 20%
The largest denominations by number of adherents in 2000 were the Roman Catholic Church with 331,844; The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints with 116,925; and the Southern Baptist Convention with 40,233. 77,100 Nevadans belong to Jewish congregations.[39]
LGBT[link]
An August 2011 Public Policy Polling survey found that 45% of Nevada voters supported legalizing same-sex marriage, with 44% thinking it should be illegal, and 11% were not sure. In a separate question, 77% of Nevada voters supported legal recognition of same-sex couples, with 39% supporting same-sex marriage and 38% supporting civil unions, while 22% opposed all legal recognition and 2% were not sure.[40]
Economy[link]
The economy of Nevada has long been tied to vice industries. "[Nevada was] founded on mining and refounded on sin—-beginning with prizefighting and easy divorce a century ago and later extending to gaming and prostitution", said the August 21, 2010 issue of The Economist.[41]
The Bureau of Economic Analysis[42][43] estimates that Nevada's total state product in 2010 was $126 billion. Resort areas such as Las Vegas, Reno, Lake Tahoe, and Laughlin attract visitors from around the nation and world. In FY08 the total of 266 casinos with gaming revenue over $1m for the year, brought in revenue of $12 billion in gaming revenue, and $13 billion in non-gaming revenue. A review of gaming statistics can be found at Nevada gaming area.
The state's Per capita personal income in 2009 was $38,578, ranking nineteenth in the nation.[44]
As of August 2011, the state's unemployment rate is the worst in the nation at 13.4%.[45]
Its agricultural outputs are cattle, hay, alfalfa, dairy products, onions, and potatoes. Its industrial outputs are tourism, mining, machinery, printing and publishing, food processing, and electric equipment.
In portions of the state outside of the Las Vegas and Reno metropolitan areas, mining and cattle ranching are the major economic activities. By value, gold is by far the most important mineral mined. In 2004, 6,800,000 ounces (190,000,000 g) of gold worth $2.84 billion were mined in Nevada, and the state accounted for 8.7% of world gold production (see Gold mining in Nevada). Silver is a distant second, with 10,300,000 ounces (290,000,000 g) worth $69 million mined in 2004 (see Silver mining in Nevada).[46] Other minerals mined in Nevada include construction aggregates, copper, gypsum, diatomite and lithium. Despite its rich deposits, the cost of mining in Nevada is generally high, and output is very sensitive to world commodity prices.
As of January 1, 2006, there were an estimated 500,000 head of cattle and 70,000 head of sheep in Nevada.[47] Most of these animals forage on rangeland in the summer, with supplemental feed in the winter. Calves are generally shipped to out-of-state feedlots in the fall to be fattened for market. Over 90% of Nevada's 484,000 acres (196,000 ha) of cropland is used to grow hay, mostly alfalfa, for livestock feed.
Further information: Nevada locations by per capita income
The state sales tax in Nevada is variable depending upon the county. The minimum statewide tax rate is 6.85%, with five counties (Elko, Esmeralda, Eureka, Humboldt, and Mineral) charging this minimum amount. All other counties assess various option taxes, making the combined state/county sales taxes rate in one county as high as 8.1%, which is the amount charged in Clark County. Sales tax in the other major counties: Carson at 7.475%, Washoe at 7.725%. The minimum Nevada sales tax rate changed on July 1, 2009.[48]
Nevada has by far the most hotel rooms per capita in the United States. According to the American Hotel and Lodging Association, there were 187,301 rooms in 584 hotels (of 15 or more rooms). The state is ranked just below California, Texas, Florida, and New York in total number of rooms, but those states have much larger populations. Nevada has one hotel room for every 14 residents, far above the national average of one hotel room per 67 residents.[49]
Prostitution is legal in parts of Nevada in licensed brothels, but only counties with populations under 400,000 residents have the option to legalize it. Although prostitution employs roughly 300 women as independent contractors, and not a major part of the Nevada economy, it is a very visible endeavor. Of the 14 counties that are permitted to legalize prostitution under state law, about 8 have chosen to legalize brothels. State law prohibits prostitution in Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), and Washoe County (which contains Reno). However, prostitution is legal in Storey County, which is part of the Reno–Sparks metropolitan area.
Largest employers[link]
The largest employers in the state, as of the first fiscal quarter of 2011, are the following, according to the Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation:[50]
Transportation[link]
The 2011 American State Litter Scorecard ranked Nevada (tied with Mississippi) as a bottom-three, "Worst" jurisdiction in the U.S., for overall effectiveness and quality of statewide public space cleanliness—from state and related litter/debris removal efforts.[51]
Amtrak's California Zephyr train uses the Union Pacific's original transcontinental railroad line in daily service from Chicago to Emeryville, California, serving Elko, Winnemucca, Sparks, and Reno. Amtrak Thruway Motorcoaches also provide connecting service from Las Vegas to trains at Needles, California, Los Angeles, and Bakersfield, California; and from Stateline, Nevada, to Sacramento, California. Las Vegas has had no passenger train service since Amtrak's Desert Wind was discontinued in 1997, although there have been a number of proposals to re-introduce service to either Los Angeles or Southern California.
The Union Pacific Railroad has some railroads in the north and in the south. Greyhound Lines provides some bus service.
Interstate 15 passes through the southern tip of the state, serving Las Vegas and other communities. I-215 and spur route I-515 also serve the Las Vegas metropolitan area. Interstate 80 crosses through the northern part of Nevada, roughly following the path of the Humboldt River from Utah in the east and passing westward through Reno and into California. It has a spur route, I-580. Nevada also is served by several federal highways: US 6, US 50, US 93, US 95 and US 395. There are also 189 Nevada state highways. Nevada is one of a few states in the U.S. that does not have a continuous interstate highway linking its two major population centers. Even the non-interstate federal highways aren't contiguous between the Las Vegas and Reno areas.
The state is one of just a few in the country to allow semi-trailer trucks with three trailers—what might be called a "road train" in Australia. But American versions are usually smaller, in part because they must ascend and descend some fairly steep mountain passes.
RTC Transit is the public transit system in the Las Vegas metropolitan area. The agency is the largest transit agency in the state and operates a network of bus service across the Las Vegas Valley, including the use of The Deuce, double-decker buses, on the Las Vegas Strip and several outlying routes. RTC RIDE operates a system of local transit bus service throughout the Reno-Sparks metropolitan area. Other transit systems in the state include Carson City's JAC. Most other counties in the state do not have public transportation at all.
Additionally, a four mile (6 km) monorail system provides public transportation in the Las Vegas area. The Las Vegas Monorail line services several casino properties and the Las Vegas Convention Center on the east side of the Las Vegas Strip, running near Paradise Road, with a possible future extension to McCarran International Airport. Several hotels also run their own monorail lines between each other, which are typically several blocks in length.
McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas is the busiest airport serving Nevada. The Reno-Tahoe International Airport (formerly known as the Reno Cannon International Airport) is the other major airport in the state.
Law and government[link]
Government[link]
Main article: Government of Nevada
The government of Nevada is defined under the Constitution of Nevada as a democratic republic with three branches of government: the executive branch consisting of the Governor of Nevada and their cabinet along with the other elected constitutional officers; the legislative branch consisting of the Nevada Legislature which includes the Assembly and the Senate; and the judicial branch consisting of the Supreme Court of Nevada and lower courts.
The Governor of Nevada is the chief magistrate of Nevada,[52] the head of the executive department of the state's government,[52] and the commander-in-chief of the state's military forces.[53] The current Governor of Nevada is Brian Sandoval, a Republican.
The Nevada Legislature is a bicameral body divided into an Assembly and Senate. Members of the Assembly serve for 2 years, and members of the Senate serve for 4 years. Both houses of the Nevada Legislature will be impacted by term limits starting in 2010, as Senators and Assemblymen/women will be limited to a maximum of 12 years service in each house (by appointment or election which is a lifetime limit)—a provision of the constitution which was recently upheld by the Supreme Court of Nevada in a unanimous decision. Each session of the Legislature meets for a constitutionally mandated 120 days in every odd-numbered year, or longer if the Governor calls a special session.
The Supreme Court of Nevada is the state supreme court. Original jurisdiction is divided between the District Courts (with general jurisdiction), and Justice Courts and Municipal Courts (both of limited jurisdiction).
Incorporated towns in Nevada, known as cities, are given the authority to legislate anything not prohibited by law. A recent movement has begun to permit home rule in incorporated Nevada cities to give them more flexibility and fewer restrictions from the Legislature. Town Boards for unincorporated towns are limited local governments created by either the local county commission, or by referendum, and form a purely advisory role and in no way diminish the responsibilities of the county commission that creates them.
State agencies[link]
State departments and agencies:
- Attorney General
- Department of Business & Industry
- Department of Conservation & Natural Resources
- Consumer Health Assistance
- Controller's Office
- Department of Correction
- Nevada Department of Cultural Affairs
- Nevada Commission on Economic Development
- Department of Education
- Nevada Secretary of State, Election Division
- Department of Employment, Training & Rehabilitation
- Gaming Control Board
- Governor's Office
- Department of Health and Human Services
- Department of Information Technology
- Department of Justice
- Lieutenant Governor
- Nevada Military Department
- Division of Minerals, Commission on Mineral Resources
- Department of Motor Vehicles
- Nevada National Guard
- Department of Personnel
- Advisory Council for Prosecuting Attorneys
- Public Employees Benefit Program
- Public Employees Retirement System
- Department of Public Safety
- Public Utilities Commission[54]
- Department of Secretary of State
- Department of Taxation
- Commission on Tourism
- Department of Transportation
- Nevada State Treasurer
- Universities and Community Colleges of Nevada
- Nevada Office of Veterans' Services
- Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education
- Nevada Department of Wildlife
Law[link]
Libertarian[link]
In 1900, Nevada's population was the smallest of all states and was shrinking, as the difficulties of living in a "barren desert" began to outweigh the lure of silver for many early settlers. Historian Lawrence Friedman has explained what happened next:
- "Nevada, in a burst of ingenuity, built an economy by exploiting its sovereignty. Its strategy was to legalize all sorts of things that were illegal in California ... after easy divorce came easy marriage and casino gaming. Even prostitution is legal in Nevada, in any county that decides to allow it. Quite a few of them do."[55] With the advent of air conditioning for summertime use and Southern Nevada's mild winters, the fortunes of the state began to turn around, as it did for Arizona, making these two states the fastest growing in the Union.
Prostitution[link]
See also: Prostitution in Nevada
Nevada is the only state where prostitution is legal (under the form of licensed brothels).
Prostitution is specifically illegal by state law in the state's larger jurisdictions, which include Clark County (which contains Las Vegas), Washoe County (which contains Reno), and the independent city of Carson City. Otherwise, it is legal in those counties which specifically vote to permit it.
Divorce[link]
Nevada's early reputation as a "divorce haven" arose from the fact that, prior to the no-fault divorce revolution in the 1970s, divorces were quite difficult to obtain in the United States. Already having legalized gaming and prostitution, Nevada continued the trend of boosting its profile by adopting one of the most liberal divorce statutes in the nation. This resulted in Williams v. North Carolina, 317 U.S. 287 (1942), in which the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that North Carolina had to give "full faith and credit" to a Nevada divorce.
Nevada's divorce rate tops the national average.[56]
Taxes[link]
Nevada's tax laws also draw new residents and businesses to the state. Nevada has no personal income tax or corporate income tax.[57] Since Nevada does not collect income data it cannot share such information with the federal government, the IRS.[58]
Nevada's state sales tax rate is 6.85 percent. Counties may impose additional rates via voter approval or through approval of the Legislature; therefore, the applicable sales tax will vary by county from 6.85 percent to 8.1 percent in Clark County. Clark County, which includes Las Vegas, imposes four separate county option taxes in addition to the statewide rate – 0.25 percent for flood control, 0.50 percent for mass transit, 0.2 sales tax rate is 7.725 percent, due to county option rates for flood control, the ReTRAC train trench project, mass transit, and an additional county rate approved under the Local Government Tax Act of 1991.[59]
The lodging tax rate in unincorporated Clark County, which includes the Las Vegas Strip, is 12%. Within the boundaries of the cities of Las Vegas and Henderson, the lodging tax rate is 13%.
Corporations such as Apple Inc. allegedly have set up investment companies and funds in Nevada to avoid paying taxes.[60]
Gay rights[link]
Main article: Recognition of same-sex unions in Nevada
In 2009, the Nevada Legislature passed a bill to create legal recognition of same-gender unions in Nevada. This bill would create a domestic partnership registry that enables gay couples to enjoy the same rights as married couples.
Incorporation[link]
Nevada also provides friendly environment for the formation of corporations, and many (especially California) businesspeople have incorporated their businesses in Nevada to take advantage of the benefits of the Nevada statute. Nevada corporations offer great flexibility to the Board of Directors and simplify or avoid many of the rules that are cumbersome to business managers in some other states. In addition, Nevada has no franchise tax.
Financial institutions[link]
Similarly, many U.S. states have usury laws limiting the amount of interest a lender can charge, but federal law allows corporations to 'import' these laws from their home state.
Drugs and alcohol[link]
Non-alcohol drug laws are a notable exception to Nevada's otherwise libertarian principles. It is notable for having the harshest penalties for drug offenders in the country. Nevada remains the only state to still use mandatory minimum sentencing guidelines for marijuana possession. However, it is now a misdemeanor for possession of less than one ounce but only for persons age 21 and older. In 2006, voters in Nevada defeated attempts to allow possession of 1 ounce of marijuana (for personal use) without being criminally prosecuted, (55% against legalization, 45% in favor of legalization). However, Nevada is one of the states that allows for use of marijuana for medical reasons (though this remains illegal under federal law).
Nevada has very liberal alcohol laws. Bars are permitted to remain open 24 hours, with no "last call". Liquor stores, convenience stores and supermarkets may also sell alcohol 24 hours per day, and may sell beer, wine and spirits.
Smoking[link]
Nevada voters enacted a smoking ban ("the Nevada Clean Indoor Air Act") in November 2006 that became effective on December 8, 2006. It outlaws smoking in most workplaces and public places. Smoking is permitted in bars, but only if the bar serves no food, or the bar is inside a larger casino. Smoking is also permitted in casinos, hotel rooms, tobacco shops, and brothels.[61] However, some businesses do not obey this law and the government tends not to enforce it.[62] Yet, in one case, they did prosecute an establishment called "Bilbo's." As of 2008, the trial was still pending.[63]
Crime[link]
Nevada has been ranked as the most dangerous state in the U.S. for five years in a row, just ahead of Louisiana[64][65] In 2006, the crime rate in Nevada was approximately 24% higher than the national average rate. Property crimes accounted for approximately 84.6% of the crime rate in Nevada which was 21% higher than the national rate. The remaining 20.3% were violent crimes and were approximately 45% higher than other states.[66] In 2008, Nevada had the third highest murder rate, and the highest rate of robbery and motor vehicle theft.[64]
Politics[link]
| Year | Republican | Democratic |
|---|---|---|
| 2008 | 42.65% 412,827 | 55.15% 533,736 |
| 2004 | 50.47% 418,690 | 47.88% 397,190 |
| 2000 | 49.49% 301,575 | 45.94% 279,978 |
| 1996 | 44.55% 198,775 | 45.60% 203,388 |
| 1992 | 34.71% 175,828 | 37.41% 189,148 |
| 1988 | 58.90% 206,040 | 37.91% 132,738 |
| Voter Registration and Party Enrollment as of June 2010[67] | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Active Voters | Inactive Voters | Total Voters | Percentage | |
| Democratic | 456,672 | 126,158 | 580,393 | 43.10% | |
| Republican | 398,898 | 79,414 | 475,764 | 35.33% | |
| Unaffiliated | 163,816 | 49,731 | 213,329 | 15.84% | |
| Minor Parties | 57,984 | 19,352 | 77,079 | 5.72% | |
| Total | 1,077,370 | 274,655 | 1,346,565 | 100% | |
State politics[link]
Due to heavy growth in the southern portion of the state, there is a noticeable divide between politics of northern and southern Nevada. The north has long maintained control of key positions in state government, even while the population of southern Nevada is larger than the rest of the state combined. The north sees the high population south becoming more influential and perhaps commanding majority rule. The south sees the north as the "old guard" trying to rule as an oligarchy. This has fostered some resentment, however, due to a term limit amendment passed by Nevada voters in 1994, and again in 1996, some of the north's hold over key positions will soon be forfeited to the south, leaving Northern Nevada with less power.
Clark and Washoe counties—home to Las Vegas and Reno, respectively—have long dominated the state's politics. Between them, they cast 87 percent of Nevada's vote, and elect a substantial majority of the state legislature. The great majority of the state's elected officials are either from Las Vegas or Reno.
National politics[link]
Nevada has voted for the winner in every presidential election since 1912, except in 1976 when it voted for Gerald Ford over Jimmy Carter. This gives the state status as a political bellwether.
Nevada supported Democrat Bill Clinton in the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections, Republican George W. Bush won in 2000 and 2004, and Democrat Barack Obama won the state in 2008.
The state's U.S. Senators are Democrat Harry Reid, the Senate Majority Leader, and Republican Dean Heller. The Governorship is held by Brian Sandoval, a Republican from Reno.
Further information: Political party strength in Nevada
Education[link]
Education in Nevada is achieved through public and private elementary, middle, and high schools, as well as colleges and universities. The Clark County School District, which serves Clark County, is the fifth largest school district in the United States.
Colleges and universities[link]
- Nevada System of Higher Education
- Sierra Nevada College
- Touro University Nevada
- Roseman University of Health Sciences
Research institutes[link]
Parks and recreation areas[link]
Recreation areas maintained by the National Park Service[link]
Northern Nevada[link]
File:Great Basin National Park 102007 025.JPG
Great Basin National Park
- California National Historic Trail
- Death Valley National Park
- Great Basin National Park near Baker
- Old Spanish National Historic Trail
- Pony Express National Historic Trail
Southern Nevada[link]
- Ash Meadows National Wildlife Preserve
- Bootleg Canyon Mountain Bike Park
- Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest
- Mount Charleston and the Mount Charleston Wilderness
- Spring Mountains and the Spring Mountains National Recreation Area
- Lake Mead National Recreation Area
Wilderness[link]
Further information: List of wilderness areas in Nevada
There are 68 designated wilderness areas in Nevada, protecting some 6,579,014 acres (2,662,433 ha) under the jurisdiction of the National Park Service, U.S. Forest Service, and Bureau of Land Management.[68]
State parks[link]
See: List of Nevada state parks.
Sports[link]
Nevada is not well known for its professional sports, but the state takes pride in college sports, most notably the UNLV Rebels (representing the University of Nevada, Las Vegas) of the Mountain West Conference and the Nevada Wolf Pack (representing the University of Nevada, Reno) of the Western Athletic Conference. In 2012, Nevada will join its cross-state rival in the MWC.
UNLV is most remembered for its men's basketball program, which experienced its height of supremacy in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Coached by Jerry Tarkanian, the Runnin' Rebels became one of the most elite programs in the country. In 1990, UNLV won the Men's Division I Championship by defeating Duke 103–73, which set tournament records for most points scored by a team and largest margin of victory in the national title game. In 1991, UNLV finished the regular season undefeated. Forward Larry Johnson won several awards, including the Naismith Award. UNLV reached the Final Four yet again, but lost their national semifinal against Duke 79–77, and is referred to as one of the biggest upsets in the NCAA Tournament. The Runnin' Rebels were the Associated Press pre-season No. 1 back to back (1989–90, 1990–91). North Carolina is the only other team to accomplish that (2007–08, 2008–09).
The state is also home to one of the most famous tennis players of all time, Andre Agassi.
Nevada sports teams[link]
Professional
- Las Vegas Locomotives, United Football League
- Las Vegas 51s, Minor League Baseball (AAA)
- Las Vegas Wranglers, ECHL
- Reno Aces, Minor League Baseball (AAA)
- Reno Bighorns, NBA D-League
- Nevada Pumas, QuickHit Football League
College
The state is also home to the Las Vegas Motor Speedway and NASCAR event and the National Rodeo.
Military[link]
Several United States Navy ships have been named USS Nevada in honor of the state. They include:
Area 51 is located near Groom Lake, a dry salt lake bed. The much smaller Creech Air Force Base is located in Indian Springs, Nevada; Hawthorne Army Depot in Hawthorne; the Tonopah Test Range near Tonopah; and Nellis AFB in the northeast area of North Las Vegas. Naval Air Station Fallon in Fallon; NSAWC, pronounced "EN-SOCK") in western Nevada. NSAWC consolidated three Command Centers into a single Command Structure under a flag officer on 11 July 1996. The Naval Strike Warfare Center (STRIKE "U") based at NAS Fallon since 1984, was joined with the Navy Fighter Weapons School (TOPGUN) and the Carrier Airborne Early Warning Weapons School (TOPDOME) which both moved from NAS Miramar as a result of a Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC) decision in 1993 which transferred that installation back to the Marine Corps as MCAS Miramar. The Seahawk Weapon School was added in 1998 to provide tactical training for Navy helicopters.
These bases host a number of activities including the Joint Unmanned Aerial Systems Center of Excellence, the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center, Nevada Test and Training Range, Red Flag, the U.S. Air Force Thunderbirds, the United States Air Force Warfare Center, the United States Air Force Weapons School, and the United States Navy Fighter Weapons School.
Songs about Nevada[link]
- "Silver State Fanfare" – the Official State March by Gerald G. Willis. Codified by the Nevada Legislature in 2001 at NRS 235.035
- "Sands of Nevada" from Mark Knopfler's 2000 release Sailing to Philadelphia
- "Sin City" from Limbeck's 2005 release Let Me Come Home
- "Home Means Nevada", the state song of Nevada, by Bertha Rafetto
- "Nevada" by Riders in the Sky from the album Best of the West
- "Night Time In Nevada" by Dulmage/Clint/Pascoe, 1931
- "Nevada's Grace" by Atreyu, twelfth track off 2004's The Curse
Future issues[link]
Nevada enjoys many economic advantages, and the southern portion of the state enjoys mild winter weather, but rapid growth has led to some overcrowded roads and schools. Nevada has the nation's 5th largest school district in the Clark County School District (projected fall 2007 enrollment is 314,000 students grades K-12).[69] While the state was recently one of the fastest growing in the country, population growth slowed down to a halt in 2008.[70]
In 2008, the "American State Litter Scorecard," presented at the American Society for Public Administration national conference, positioned Nevada next to Mississippi and Louisiana as one of the worst states for removing litter from public roadways and properties.[71][citation needed]
In August 2008, it was announced that Boyd Gaming would halt construction on a 4.2 billion dollar project called Echelon, which was to replace the old Stardust Resort & Casino. The reason cited for this is lack of funding/credit from banks.
Coyote Springs is a proposed community for 240,000 inhabitants in Clark and Lincoln counties. It would be Nevada's largest planned city. The town is being developed by Harvey Whittemore and has generated some controversy because of environmental concerns and allegations of political favoritism.[72]
State symbols[link]
- State animal: Desert Bighorn Sheep
- State artifact: Tule Duck Decoy
- State bird: Mountain Bluebird
- State colors: silver and blue
- State fish: Lahontan cutthroat trout
- State flower: Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)
- State fossil: Ichthyosaur
- State grass: Indian ricegrass
- State march: "Silver State Fanfare" by Gerald Willis
- State metal: Silver (Ag)
- State mottos: "Battle Born" and "All For Our Country"
- State precious gemstone: Virgin Valley black fire opal
- State semiprecious gemstone: Nevada turquoise
- State slogan: "The Battle Born State"
- State song: "Home Means Nevada" by Bertha Raffetto
- State reptile: Desert Tortoise
- State rock: Sandstone
- State soil: Orovada (soil) series
- State tartan: A particular tartan designed for Nevada by Richard Zygmunt Pawlowski
- State trees: Single-leaf Pinyon pine and Bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva)
See also[link]
 |
Book: United States |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
- Outline of history
- Outline of geography
- List of National Register of Historic Places in Nevada
- List of people from Nevada
- U.S. state
References[link]
- ^ a b "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011" (CSV). 2011 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. December 2011. http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv. Retrieved December 21, 2011.
- ^ "Boundary". NGS data sheet. U.S. National Geodetic Survey. http://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=HR2576. Retrieved October 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "Elevations and Distances in the United States". United States Geological Survey. 2001. http://egsc.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html. Retrieved October 24, 2011.
- ^ a b Elevation adjusted to North American Vertical Datum of 1988.
- ^ The distinction of highest point in Nevada goes to the summit of Boundary Peak, so named because it is very near the Nevada-California border, at the northern terminus of the White Mountains. However, Boundary Peak can be considered a subsidiary summit of Montgomery Peak, whose summit is in California, since the topographic prominence of Boundary Peak is only 253 feet (77 m), which falls under the often used 300-foot (91 m) cutoff for an independent peak. Also, Boundary Peak is less than 1 mile (1.6 km) away from its higher neighbor. Hence Boundary Peak can be described as not being wholly within Nevada. By contrast, the prominence of Wheeler Peak, 13,063 feet (3,982 m), is quite large and in fact it is the twelfth largest in the contiguous United States. Wheeler Peak is the highest point in a radius of more than 200 square miles (520 km2) and is entirely within the state of Nevada.
- ^ "Table 2. Annual Estimates of the Population of Combined Statistical Areas: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2009 (CBSA-EST2009-02)" (CSV). 2009 Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 23, 2010. http://www.census.gov/popest/metro/tables/2009/CBSA-EST2009-02.csv. Retrieved April 19, 2010.
- ^ http://www.census.gov/popest/cities/tables/SUB-EST2009-04-32.csv
- ^ "Federal Land Acres in Nevada". US Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. Archived from the original on September 30, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060930112237/http://www.nv.blm.gov/landsales/LandFedAcresAgency.pdf. Retrieved May 7, 2009.
- ^ "Early Native Americans", "nevada-history.org", accessed Dec 27, 2010
- ^ Rocha, Guy "Myth No. 12 – Why Did Nevada Become a State?", "Nevada State Library and Archives", accessed Jan 9, 2011
- ^ Bible, Bill "Protect Gaming's Legacy", "Las Vegas Sun", August 11, 2000, accessed Jan 9, 2011
- ^ Jain, Priya "Betty Goes Reno", "Slate", July 21, 2010, accessed January 9, 2011
- ^ "Nevada Employment & Unemployment Estimates for November 2010", "Nevada Department of Employment, Training, and Rehabilitation"
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions", Nevada Mining Association, accessed January 7, 2011
- ^ "Nevada". Wordreference.com. http://www.wordreference.com/es/en/translation.asp?spen=nevada. Retrieved February 24, 2007.
- ^ "Myth No. 123 – Pronouncing Nevada". Nevadaculture.org. http://nevadaculture.org/nsla/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=804&Itemid=95. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "You heard it right: Bill would let them say Ne-VAH-da". The Reno Gazette Journal. http://www.rgj.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=20108220380.
- ^ a b National Climatic Data Center, Asheville, N.C., and Storm Phillips, Stormfax, Inc.
- ^ Driest states
- ^ Federal Writers' Project (1940). Nevada: a guide to the Silver state. US History Publishers. p. 11. ISBN 1-60354-027-X.
- ^ http://nvdemography.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/04/NV-Total-Census-Population-By-County.pdf
- ^ Rocha Guy, Historical Myth a Month: Why Did Nevada Become A State?
- ^ Moe, Al W. Nevada's Golden Age of Gambling, Puget Sound Books, 2002, p.18
- ^ By Les Christie, CNNMoney.com staff writer (December 25, 2006). "CNN". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2006/12/22/real_estate/fastest_growing_states/index.htm. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "www.census.gov". http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/32/3253800.html
- ^ doug (August 8, 2008). "People keep moving to Nevada...". Employerblog.recruitingnevada.com. http://employerblog.recruitingnevada.com/2008/08/08/people-keep-moving-to-nevada/. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ http://www.nevadabusiness.com/issue/0611/1/2419
- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/32000.html
- ^ "Nevada - Race and Hispanic Origin: 1860 to 1990". U.S. Census Bureau. http://www.census.gov/population/www/documentation/twps0056/twps0056.html.
- ^ Nevada – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States, 2009 American Community Survey 1-year Estimates, U.S. Census Bureau, 2009. Retrieved November 2, 2011.
- ^ Nevada – Selected Population Profile in the United States
- ^ "Language Map Data Center". Mla.org. July 17, 2007. http://www.mla.org/map_data_results&state_id=32&mode=state_tops. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/32000.html
- ^ http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/32000.html
- ^ http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php
- ^ Slevin, Peter (April 30, 2010). "New Arizona law puts police in 'tenuous' spot". Washington Post (Washington, DC): pp. A4. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/29/AR2010042904970.html?sid=ST2010042905051.
- ^ "Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life". Religions.pewforum.org. http://religions.pewforum.org/maps. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "The Association of Religion Data Archives | Maps & Reports". Thearda.com. http://www.thearda.com/mapsReports/reports/state/32_2000.asp. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ NV supports prostitution, gay marriage, but not online poker
- ^ The Economist, August 21, 2010, p. 35
- ^ Bureau of Economic Analysis
- ^ "GDP by State". Greyhill Advisors. http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ "BEA : Gross Domestic Product by State". Bea.gov. June 2, 2009. http://www.bea.gov/regional/gsp/. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "Local Area Unemployment Statistics". BLS. http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstch.htm. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ Nevada Mining Association, Economic Overview of the Nevada Mining Industry 2004
- ^ United States Department of Agriculture Nevada State Agriculture Overview – 2005
- ^ "Taxation Publications". Tax.state.nv.us. http://tax.state.nv.us/pubs.htm#Sales. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "State-by-State Fact Sheets on Lodging Industry". http://www.ahla.com/content.aspx?id=27642.
- ^ "Nevada's Largest Employers – Statewide." Nevada Workforce Informer. Nevada Department of Employment, Training and Rehabilitation.
- ^ S. Spacek, 2011 American State Litter Scorecard: New Rankings for An Increasingly Concerned Populace
- ^ a b NV Const. art. V, § 1.
- ^ NV Const. art. V, § 5.
- ^ http://puc.state.nv.us
- ^ Lawrence M. Friedman, American Law in the Twentieth Century (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002), 596–597.
- ^ http://www.lvrj.com/news/nevada-s-divorce-rate-exceeds-national-average-128391943.html
- ^ "The Tax Foundation – Tax Research Areas > Nevada". Tax Foundation. http://www.taxfoundation.org/research/topic/42.html. Retrieved September 15, 2010.
- ^ Nicholas Shaxson: Treasure Islands, Tax Havens and the Men Who Stole the World; The Bodley Head, London, 2011
- ^ http://tax.state.nv.us/documents/Sales_Tax_Map.pdf
- ^ http://www.thenation.com/article/164499/agony-and-ecstasy-and-disgrace-steve-jobs
- ^ "State smoking ban sparks zone-change request for Gardnerville parcel Nevada Appeal serving Carson City, Nevada". Nevadaappeal.com. October 6, 2007. http://www.nevadaappeal.com/article/20071006/NEWS/110060112. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "Have Nevada bars given up the smoking habit?". Kvbc.com. http://www.kvbc.com/Global/story.asp?S=6466938. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "Las Vegas Now-Breaking News, Local News, Weather, Traffic, Streaming Video, Classifieds, Blogs – UPDATED: Bilbo's Smoking Lawsuit Case". Klas-tv.com. http://www.klas-tv.com/Global/story.asp?S=7293936. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ a b "Nevada Ranked Most Dangerous State". KIROTV. March 17, 2008. http://www.kirotv.com/news/15618530/detail.html. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ "The 15th Annual Most Dangerous State Award, Nevada Still Fighting the Problem". cqpress. January 4, 2009. http://os.cqpress.com/Crime%20State%202008_Most%20Dangerous.pdf. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ "Overview of Nevada's CorrectionalSystem". NICIC. January 4, 2009. http://www.nicic.org/Features/StateStats/?State=NV. Retrieved January 4, 2009.
- ^ "Voter Registration Statistics – 2010 Elections". Nevada Secretary of State. http://nvsos.gov/index.aspx?page=312. Retrieved July 7, 2010.
- ^ "Wilderness.net". Wilderness.net. http://www.wilderness.net. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ^ "Clark County School District: Overview". Las Vegas Sun. http://www.lasvegassun.com/guides/about/ccsd/.
- ^ Nash, James; Brennan, Peter (February 25, 2011). "Nevada Slips to Bust From Boom With Highest Jobless Ranking". Bloomberg. http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-02-25/fastest-growing-nevada-now-booms-with-unemployment-stranded-homeowners.html.
- ^ S. Spacek, The American State Litter Scorecard" March 2008
- ^ BREAN, HENRY (July 6, 2006). "'Lovefest' for Coyote Springs". http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2006/Jul-06-Thu-2006/news/8336867.html. Retrieved July 6, 2006.
External links[link]
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- Official state website
- Nevada State Databases – Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Nevada state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
- State Tourism website
- Nevada state symbols
- Secretary of State of Nevada
- Nevada Classifieds
- Nevada State Library and Archives
- Energy Profile for Nevada
- USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Nevada
- US Census Bureau
- County Maps of Nevada Full color maps. List of cities, towns and county seats
- Nevada State Facts
- Pronunciation Guide: Nevada
- Forgotten Nevada – Ghost Towns and Mining Camps of Nevada
- Nevada's Historical Markers
- Nevada at Judgepedia
- Nevada at the Open Directory Project
Geographic data related to Nevada at OpenStreetMap
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 Oregon /  Idaho |
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 Nevada: Outline • Index East |
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 Arizona |
| Preceded by West Virginia |
List of U.S. states by date of statehood Admitted on October 31, 1864 (36th) |
Succeeded by Nebraska |
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Coordinates: 39°N 117°W / 39°N 117°W / 39; -117
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This article is about the United States of America. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation).
| United States of America | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Motto: In God We Trust (official) E Pluribus Unum (traditional) (Latin: Out of Many, One) |
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Anthem: "The Star-Spangled Banner" |
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| Capital | Washington, D.C. 38°53′N 77°01′W / 38.883°N 77.017°W / 38.883; -77.017 |
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| Largest city | New York City | |||||
| Official language(s) | None at federal level[a] | |||||
| National language | English (de facto)[b] | |||||
| Demonym | American | |||||
| Government | Federal presidential constitutional republic | |||||
| - | President | Barack Obama (D) | ||||
| - | Vice President | Joe Biden (D) | ||||
| - | Speaker of the House | John Boehner (R) | ||||
| - | Chief Justice | John Roberts | ||||
| Legislature | Congress | |||||
| - | Upper house | Senate | ||||
| - | Lower house | House of Representatives | ||||
| Independence | from the Kingdom of Great Britain | |||||
| - | Declared | July 4, 1776 | ||||
| - | Recognized | September 3, 1783 | ||||
| - | Current constitution | June 21, 1788 | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 9,826,675 km2 [1][c](3rd/4th) 3,794,101 sq mi |
||||
| - | Water (%) | 6.76 | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2012 estimate | 313,802,000[2] (3rd) | ||||
| - | Density | 33.7/km2 87.4/sq mi |
||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (6th) | ||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2011 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $15.094 trillion[3] (1st) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $48,386[3] (15th) | ||||
| Gini (2007) | 45.0[1] (39th) | |||||
| HDI (2011) |  0.910[4] (very high) (4th) |
|||||
| Currency | United States dollar ($) (USD) |
|||||
| Time zone | (UTC−5 to −10) | |||||
| - | Summer (DST) | (UTC−4 to −10) | ||||
| Date formats | m/d/yy (AD) | |||||
| Drives on the | right | |||||
| Internet TLD | .us .gov .mil .edu | |||||
| Calling code | +1 | |||||
| ^ a. English is the official language of at least 28 states—some sources give a higher figure, based on differing definitions of "official".[5] English and Hawaiian are both official languages in the state of Hawaii.
^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. ^ c. Whether the United States or China is larger is disputed. The figure given is from the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency's World Factbook. Other sources give smaller figures. All authoritative calculations of the country's size include only the 50 states and the District of Columbia, not the territories. ^ d. The population estimate includes people whose usual residence is in the fifty states and the District of Columbia, including noncitizens. It does not include either those living in the territories, amounting to more than 4 million U.S. citizens (mostly in Puerto Rico), or U.S. citizens living outside the United States. |
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The United States of America (commonly abbreviated to the United States, the U.S., the USA, America, and the States) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west, across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Pacific and Caribbean.
At 3.79 million square miles (9.83 million km2) and with over 312 million people, the United States is the third or fourth largest country by total area, and the third largest by both land area and population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[6] The U.S. economy is the world's largest national economy, with an estimated 2011 GDP of $15.1 trillion (22% of nominal global GDP and over 19% of global GDP at purchasing-power parity).[3][7] Per capita income is the world's sixth-highest.[3]
Indigenous peoples descended from forebears who migrated from Asia have inhabited what is now the mainland United States for many thousands of years. This Native American population was greatly reduced by disease and warfare after European contact. The United States was founded by thirteen British colonies located along the Atlantic seaboard. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their right to self-determination and their establishment of a cooperative union. The rebellious states defeated the British Empire in the American Revolution, the first successful colonial war of independence.[8] The current United States Constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787; its ratification the following year made the states part of a single republic with a stronger central government. The Bill of Rights, comprising ten constitutional amendments guaranteeing many fundamental civil rights and freedoms, was ratified in 1791.
Through the 19th century, the United States displaced native tribes, acquired the Louisiana territory from France, Florida from Spain, part of the Oregon Country from the United Kingdom, Alta California and New Mexico from Mexico, and Alaska from Russia, and annexed the Republic of Texas and the Republic of Hawaii. Disputes between the agrarian South and industrial North over the expansion of the institution of slavery and states' rights provoked the Civil War of the 1860s. The North's victory prevented a permanent split of the country and led to the end of legal slavery in the United States. By the 1870s, its national economy was the world's largest.[9] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a military power. It emerged from World War II as the first country with nuclear weapons and a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union left the United States as the sole superpower. The country accounts for 41% of global military spending,[10] and is a leading economic, political, and cultural force in the world.[11]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
See also: Names for United States citizens
In 1507, German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a world map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere "America" after Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci.[12] The former British colonies first used the country's modern name in the 1776 Declaration of Independence, the "unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America".[13] On November 15, 1777, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation, which states, "The Stile of this Confederacy shall be 'The United States of America'." The Franco-American treaties of 1778 used "United States of North America", but from July 11, 1778, "United States of America" was used on the country's bills of exchange, and it has been the official name ever since.[14]
The short form "United States" is also standard. Other common forms include the "U.S.", the "USA", and "America". Colloquial names include the "U.S. of A." and, internationally, the "States". "Columbia", a once popular name for the United States, derives from Christopher Columbus; it appears in the name "District of Columbia".
The standard way to refer to a citizen of the United States is as an "American". Although "United States" is the official appositional term, "American" and "U.S." are more commonly used to refer to the country adjectivally ("American values", "U.S. forces"). "American" is rarely used in English to refer to people not connected to the United States.[15]
The phrase "United States" was originally treated as plural—e.g., "the United States are"—including in the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1865. It became common to treat it as singular—e.g., "the United States is"—after the end of the Civil War. The singular form is now standard; the plural form is retained in the idiom "these United States".[16]
Geography and environment[link]
Main articles: Geography of the United States, Climate of the United States, and Environment of the United States
The land area of the contiguous United States is approximately 1,900 million acres (7,700,000 km2). Alaska, separated from the contiguous United States by Canada, is the largest state at 365 million acres (1,480,000 km2). Hawaii, occupying an archipelago in the central Pacific, southwest of North America, has just over 4 million acres (16,000 km2).[17] The United States is the world's third or fourth largest nation by total area (land and water), ranking behind Russia and Canada and just above or below China. The ranking varies depending on how two territories disputed by China and India are counted and how the total size of the United States is measured: calculations range from 3,676,486 square miles (9,522,055 km2)[18] to 3,717,813 square miles (9,629,091 km2)[19] to 3,794,101 square miles (9,826,676 km2).[1] Including only land area, the United States is third in size behind Russia and China, just ahead of Canada.[20]
The coastal plain of the Atlantic seaboard gives way further inland to deciduous forests and the rolling hills of the Piedmont. The Appalachian Mountains divide the eastern seaboard from the Great Lakes and the grasslands of the Midwest. The Mississippi–Missouri River, the world's fourth longest river system, runs mainly north–south through the heart of the country. The flat, fertile prairie of the Great Plains stretches to the west, interrupted by a highland region in the southeast. The Rocky Mountains, at the western edge of the Great Plains, extend north to south across the country, reaching altitudes higher than 14,000 feet (4,300 m) in Colorado. Farther west are the rocky Great Basin and deserts such as the Chihuahua and Mojave. The Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountain ranges run close to the Pacific coast. At 20,320 feet (6,194 m), Alaska's Mount McKinley is the tallest peak in the country and in North America. Active volcanoes are common throughout Alaska's Alexander and Aleutian Islands, and Hawaii consists of volcanic islands. The supervolcano underlying Yellowstone National Park in the Rockies is the continent's largest volcanic feature.[21]
The United States, with its large size and geographic variety, includes most climate types. To the east of the 100th meridian, the climate ranges from humid continental in the north to humid subtropical in the south. The southern tip of Florida is tropical, as is Hawaii. The Great Plains west of the 100th meridian are semi-arid. Much of the Western mountains are alpine. The climate is arid in the Great Basin, desert in the Southwest, Mediterranean in coastal California, and oceanic in coastal Oregon and Washington and southern Alaska. Most of Alaska is subarctic or polar. Extreme weather is not uncommon—the states bordering the Gulf of Mexico are prone to hurricanes, and most of the world's tornadoes occur within the country, mainly in the Midwest's Tornado Alley.[22]
The U.S. ecology is considered "megadiverse": about 17,000 species of vascular plants occur in the contiguous United States and Alaska, and over 1,800 species of flowering plants are found in Hawaii, few of which occur on the mainland.[23] The United States is home to more than 400 mammal, 750 bird, and 500 reptile and amphibian species.[24] About 91,000 insect species have been described.[25] The Endangered Species Act of 1973 protects threatened and endangered species and their habitats, which are monitored by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. There are fifty-eight national parks and hundreds of other federally managed parks, forests, and wilderness areas.[26] Altogether, the government owns 28.8% of the country's land area.[27] Most of this is protected, though some is leased for oil and gas drilling, mining, logging, or cattle ranching; 2.4% is used for military purposes.[27]
Political divisions[link]
Main article: U.S. state
Further information: Territorial evolution of the United States and United States territorial acquisitions
The United States is a federal union of fifty states. The original thirteen states were the successors of the thirteen colonies that rebelled against British rule. Early in the country's history, three new states were organized on territory separated from the claims of the existing states: Kentucky from Virginia; Tennessee from North Carolina; and Maine from Massachusetts. Most of the other states have been carved from territories obtained through war or purchase by the U.S. government. One set of exceptions comprises Vermont, Texas, and Hawaii: each was an independent republic before joining the union. During the American Civil War, West Virginia broke away from Virginia. The most recent state—Hawaii—achieved statehood on August 21, 1959.[28] The states do not have the right to secede from the union.
The states compose the vast bulk of the U.S. land mass; the two other areas considered integral parts of the country are the District of Columbia, the federal district where the capital, Washington, is located; and Palmyra Atoll, an uninhabited but incorporated territory in the Pacific Ocean. The United States also possesses five major overseas territories: Puerto Rico and the United States Virgin Islands in the Caribbean; and American Samoa, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands in the Pacific.[29] Those born in the major territories (except for American Samoa) possess U.S. citizenship.[30] American citizens residing in the territories have many of the same rights and responsibilities as citizens residing in the states; however, they are generally exempt from federal income tax, may not vote for president, and have only nonvoting representation in the U.S. Congress.[31]
History[link]
Main article: History of the United States
Native American and European settlement[link]
The indigenous peoples of the U.S. mainland, including Alaska Natives, are believed to have migrated from Asia, beginning between 40,000 and 12,000 years ago.[32] Some, such as the pre-Columbian Mississippian culture, developed advanced agriculture, grand architecture, and state-level societies. After Europeans began settling the Americas, many millions of indigenous Americans died from epidemics of imported diseases such as smallpox.[33]
In 1492, Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, under contract to the Spanish crown, reached several Caribbean islands, making first contact with the indigenous people. On April 2, 1513, Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León landed on what he called "La Florida"—the first documented European arrival on what would become the U.S. mainland. Spanish settlements in the region were followed by ones in the present-day southwestern United States that drew thousands through Mexico. French fur traders established outposts of New France around the Great Lakes; France eventually claimed much of the North American interior, down to the Gulf of Mexico. The first successful English settlements were the Virginia Colony in Jamestown in 1607 and the Pilgrims' Plymouth Colony in 1620. The 1628 chartering of the Massachusetts Bay Colony resulted in a wave of migration; by 1634, New England had been settled by some 10,000 Puritans. Between the late 1610s and the American Revolution, about 50,000 convicts were shipped to Britain's American colonies.[34] Beginning in 1614, the Dutch settled along the lower Hudson River, including New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island.
In 1674, the Dutch ceded their American territory to England; the province of New Netherland was renamed New York. Many new immigrants, especially to the South, were indentured servants—some two-thirds of all Virginia immigrants between 1630 and 1680.[35] By the turn of the 18th century, African slaves were becoming the primary source of bonded labor. With the 1729 division of the Carolinas and the 1732 colonization of Georgia, the thirteen British colonies that would become the United States of America were established. All had local governments with elections open to most free men, with a growing devotion to the ancient rights of Englishmen and a sense of self-government stimulating support for republicanism. All legalized the African slave trade. With high birth rates, low death rates, and steady immigration, the colonial population grew rapidly. The Christian revivalist movement of the 1730s and 1740s known as the Great Awakening fueled interest in both religion and religious liberty. In the French and Indian War, British forces seized Canada from the French, but the francophone population remained politically isolated from the southern colonies. Excluding the Native Americans (popularly known as "American Indians"), who were being displaced, those thirteen colonies had a population of 2.6 million in 1770, about one-third that of Britain; nearly one in five Americans were black slaves.[36] Though subject to British taxation, the American colonials had no representation in the Parliament of Great Britain.
Independence and expansion[link]
Tensions between American colonials and the British during the revolutionary period of the 1760s and early 1770s led to the American Revolutionary War, fought from 1775 to 1781. On June 14, 1775, the Continental Congress, convening in Philadelphia, established a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. Proclaiming that "all men are created equal" and endowed with "certain unalienable Rights", the Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, drafted largely by Thomas Jefferson, on July 4, 1776. That date is now celebrated annually as America's Independence Day. In 1777, the Articles of Confederation established a weak confederal government that operated until 1789.
After the British defeat by American forces assisted by the French and Spanish, Great Britain recognized the independence of the United States and the states' sovereignty over American territory west to the Mississippi River. Those wishing to establish a strong federal government with powers of taxation organized a constitutional convention in 1787. The United States Constitution was ratified in 1788, and the new republic's first Senate, House of Representatives, and president—George Washington—took office in 1789. The Bill of Rights, forbidding federal restriction of personal freedoms and guaranteeing a range of legal protections, was adopted in 1791.
Attitudes toward slavery were shifting; a clause in the Constitution protected the Atlantic slave trade only until 1808. The Northern states abolished slavery between 1780 and 1804, leaving the slave states of the South as defenders of the "peculiar institution". The Second Great Awakening, beginning about 1800, made evangelicalism a force behind various social reform movements, including abolitionism.
Americans' eagerness to expand westward prompted a long series of Indian Wars. The Louisiana Purchase of French-claimed territory under President Thomas Jefferson in 1803 almost doubled the nation's size.[37] The War of 1812, declared against Britain over various grievances and fought to a draw, strengthened U.S. nationalism. A series of U.S. military incursions into Florida led Spain to cede it and other Gulf Coast territory in 1819. The Trail of Tears in the 1830s exemplified the Indian removal policy that stripped the native peoples of their land. The United States annexed the Republic of Texas in 1845, amid a period when the concept of Manifest Destiny was becoming popular.[38] The 1846 Oregon Treaty with Britain led to U.S. control of the present-day American Northwest. The U.S. victory in the Mexican-American War resulted in the 1848 cession of California and much of the present-day American Southwest. The California Gold Rush of 1848–49 further spurred western migration. New railways made relocation easier for settlers and increased conflicts with Native Americans. Over a half-century, up to 40 million American bison, or buffalo, were slaughtered for skins and meat and to ease the railways' spread. The loss of the buffalo, a primary resource for the plains Indians, was an existential blow to many native cultures.
Civil War and industrialization[link]
Tensions between slave and free states mounted with arguments about the relationship between the state and federal governments, as well as violent conflicts over the spread of slavery into new states. Abraham Lincoln, candidate of the largely antislavery Republican Party, was elected president in 1860. Before he took office, seven slave states declared their secession—which the federal government maintained was illegal—and formed the Confederate States of America. With the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter, the Civil War began and four more slave states joined the Confederacy. Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 declared slaves in the Confederacy to be free. Following the Union victory in 1865, three amendments to the U.S. Constitution ensured freedom for the nearly four million African Americans who had been slaves,[39] made them citizens, and gave them voting rights. The war and its resolution led to a substantial increase in federal power.[40] The war remains the deadliest conflict in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers.[41]
After the war, the assassination of Abraham Lincoln radicalized Republican Reconstruction policies aimed at reintegrating and rebuilding the Southern states while ensuring the rights of the newly freed slaves. The resolution of the disputed 1876 presidential election by the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction; Jim Crow laws soon disenfranchised many African Americans. In the North, urbanization and an unprecedented influx of immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe hastened the country's industrialization. The wave of immigration, lasting until 1929, provided labor and transformed American culture. National infrastructure development spurred economic growth. The 1867 Alaska Purchase from Russia completed the country's mainland expansion. The Wounded Knee Massacre in 1890 was the last major armed conflict of the Indian Wars. In 1893, the indigenous monarchy of the Pacific Kingdom of Hawaii was overthrown in a coup led by American residents; the United States annexed the archipelago in 1898. Victory in the Spanish–American War the same year demonstrated that the United States was a world power and led to the annexation of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines.[42] The Philippines gained independence a half-century later; Puerto Rico and Guam remain U.S. territories.
World War I, Great Depression, and World War II[link]
At the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the United States remained neutral. Most Americans sympathized with the British and French, although many opposed intervention.[43] In 1917, the United States joined the Allies, and the American Expeditionary Forces helped to turn the tide against the Central Powers. After the war, the Senate did not ratify the Treaty of Versailles, which established the League of Nations. The country pursued a policy of unilateralism, verging on isolationism.[44] In 1920, the women's rights movement won passage of a constitutional amendment granting women's suffrage. The prosperity of the Roaring Twenties ended with the Wall Street Crash of 1929 that triggered the Great Depression. After his election as president in 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt responded with the New Deal, a range of policies increasing government intervention in the economy, including the establishment of the Social Security system.[45] The Dust Bowl of the mid-1930s impoverished many farming communities and spurred a new wave of western migration.
The United States, effectively neutral during World War II's early stages after Nazi Germany's invasion of Poland in September 1939, began supplying materiel to the Allies in March 1941 through the Lend-Lease program. On December 7, 1941, the Empire of Japan launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, prompting the United States to join the Allies against the Axis powers as well as the internment of Japanese Americans by the thousands.[46] Participation in the war spurred capital investment and industrial capacity. Among the major combatants, the United States was the only nation to become richer—indeed, far richer—instead of poorer because of the war.[47] Allied conferences at Bretton Woods and Yalta outlined a new system of international organizations that placed the United States and Soviet Union at the center of world affairs. As victory was won in Europe, a 1945 international conference held in San Francisco produced the United Nations Charter, which became active after the war.[48] The United States, having developed the first nuclear weapons, used them on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August. Japan surrendered on September 2, ending the war.[49]
Cold War and protest politics[link]
The United States and the Soviet Union jockeyed for power after World War II during the Cold War, dominating the military affairs of Europe through NATO and the Warsaw Pact, respectively. While they engaged in proxy wars and developed powerful nuclear arsenals, the two countries avoided direct military conflict. Resisting leftist land and income redistribution projects around the world, the United States often supported authoritarian governments. American troops fought Communist Chinese forces in the Korean War of 1950–53. The House Un-American Activities Committee pursued a series of investigations into suspected leftist subversion, while Senator Joseph McCarthy became the figurehead of anticommunist sentiment.
The 1961 Soviet launch of the first manned spaceflight prompted President John F. Kennedy's call for the United States to be first to land "a man on the moon", achieved in 1969. Kennedy also faced a tense nuclear showdown with Soviet forces in Cuba. Meanwhile, the United States experienced sustained economic expansion. A growing civil rights movement, symbolized and led by African Americans such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King, Jr., used nonviolence to confront segregation and discrimination. Following Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were passed under President Lyndon B. Johnson.[50][51] He also signed into law the Medicare and Medicaid programs.[52] Johnson and his successor, Richard Nixon, expanded a proxy war in Southeast Asia into the unsuccessful Vietnam War. A widespread countercultural movement grew, fueled by opposition to the war, black nationalism, and the sexual revolution. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and others led a new wave of feminism that sought political, social, and economic equality for women.
As a result of the Watergate scandal, in 1974 Nixon became the first U.S. president to resign, to avoid being impeached on charges including obstruction of justice and abuse of power. The Jimmy Carter administration of the late 1970s was marked by stagflation and the Iran hostage crisis. The election of Ronald Reagan as president in 1980 heralded a rightward shift in American politics, reflected in major changes in taxation and spending priorities. His second term in office brought both the Iran-Contra scandal and significant diplomatic progress with the Soviet Union. The subsequent Soviet collapse ended the Cold War.
Contemporary era[link]
Under President George H. W. Bush, the United States took a lead role in the UN–sanctioned Gulf War. The longest economic expansion in modern U.S. history—from March 1991 to March 2001—encompassed the Bill Clinton administration and the dot-com bubble.[53] A civil lawsuit and sex scandal led to Clinton's impeachment in 1998, but he remained in office. The 2000 presidential election, one of the closest in American history, was resolved by a U.S. Supreme Court decision—George W. Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, became president.
On September 11, 2001, al-Qaeda terrorists struck the World Trade Center in New York City and The Pentagon near Washington, D.C., killing nearly three thousand people. In response, the Bush administration launched the global War on Terror, invading Afghanistan and removing the Taliban government and al-Qaeda training camps. Taliban insurgents continue to fight a guerrilla war. In 2002, the Bush administration began to press for regime change in Iraq on controversial grounds.[54] Forces led by the U.S. invaded Iraq in 2003, ousting Saddam Hussein. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina caused severe destruction along much of the Gulf Coast, devastating New Orleans. In 2008, amid a global economic recession, the first African American president, Barack Obama, was elected. Major health care and financial system reforms were enacted two years later. In 2011, a raid by Navy SEALs in Pakistan killed al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. The Iraq War ended with the pullout of the remaining U.S. troops from the country.
Government and politics[link]
Main articles: Federal government of the United States, state governments of the United States, and elections in the United States
The United States is the world's oldest surviving federation. It is a constitutional republic and representative democracy, "in which majority rule is tempered by minority rights protected by law".[55] The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the U.S. Constitution, which serves as the country's supreme legal document.[56] In the American federalist system, citizens are usually subject to three levels of government, federal, state, and local; the local government's duties are commonly split between county and municipal governments. In almost all cases, executive and legislative officials are elected by a plurality vote of citizens by district. There is no proportional representation at the federal level, and it is very rare at lower levels.
The federal government is composed of three branches:
- Legislative: The bicameral Congress, made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, has the power of the purse, and has the power of impeachment, by which it can remove sitting members of the government.
- Executive: The president is the commander-in-chief of the military, can veto legislative bills before they become law, and appoints the members of the Cabinet (subject to Senate approval) and other officers, who administer and enforce federal laws and policies.
- Judicial: The Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the president with Senate approval, interpret laws and overturn those they find unconstitutional.
The House of Representatives has 435 voting members, each representing a congressional district for a two-year term. House seats are apportioned among the states by population every tenth year. As of the 2000 census, seven states have the minimum of one representative, while California, the most populous state, has fifty-three. The Senate has 100 members with each state having two senators, elected at-large to six-year terms; one third of Senate seats are up for election every other year. The president serves a four-year term and may be elected to the office no more than twice. The president is not elected by direct vote, but by an indirect electoral college system in which the determining votes are apportioned to the states and the District of Columbia. The Supreme Court, led by the Chief Justice of the United States, has nine members, who serve for life.
The state governments are structured in roughly similar fashion; Nebraska uniquely has a unicameral legislature. The governor (chief executive) of each state is directly elected. Some state judges and cabinet officers are appointed by the governors of the respective states, while others are elected by popular vote.
The original text of the Constitution establishes the structure and responsibilities of the federal government and its relationship with the individual states. Article One protects the right to the "great writ" of habeas corpus, and Article Three guarantees the right to a jury trial in all criminal cases. Amendments to the Constitution require the approval of three-fourths of the states. The Constitution has been amended twenty-seven times; the first ten amendments, which make up the Bill of Rights, and the Fourteenth Amendment form the central basis of Americans' individual rights. All laws and governmental procedures are subject to judicial review and any law ruled in violation of the Constitution is voided. The principle of judicial review, not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution, was declared by the Supreme Court in Marbury v. Madison (1803).
Parties and ideology[link]
Main articles: Politics of the United States and Political ideologies in the United States
The United States has operated under a two-party system for most of its history.[57] For elective offices at most levels, state-administered primary elections choose the major party nominees for subsequent general elections. Since the general election of 1856, the major parties have been the Democratic Party, founded in 1824, and the Republican Party, founded in 1854. Since the Civil War, only one third-party presidential candidate—former president Theodore Roosevelt, running as a Progressive in 1912—has won as much as 20% of the popular vote.
Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered center-right or conservative and the Democratic Party is considered center-left or liberal. The states of the Northeast and West Coast and some of the Great Lakes states, known as "blue states", are relatively liberal. The "red states" of the South and parts of the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains are relatively conservative.
The winner of the 2008 presidential election, Democrat Barack Obama, is the 44th U.S. president. The 2010 midterm elections saw the Republican Party take control of the House and make gains in the Senate, where the Democrats retain the majority. In the 112th United States Congress, the Senate comprises 51 Democrats, two independents who caucus with the Democrats, and 47 Republicans; the House comprises 242 Republicans and 192 Democrats—one seat is vacant. There are 29 Republican and 20 Democratic state governors, as well as one independent.
Foreign relations and military[link]
Main articles: Foreign policy of the United States and United States Armed Forces
The United States exercises global economic, political, and military influence. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and New York City hosts the United Nations Headquarters. It is a member of the G8,[58] G20, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Almost all countries have embassies in Washington, D.C., and many have consulates around the country. Likewise, nearly all nations host American diplomatic missions. However, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Bhutan, and the Republic of China (Taiwan) do not have formal diplomatic relations with the United States.
The United States has a "special relationship" with the United Kingdom[59] and strong ties with Canada,[60] Australia,[61] New Zealand,[62] the Philippines,[63] Japan,[64] South Korea,[65] Israel,[66] and several European countries. It works closely with fellow NATO members on military and security issues and with its neighbors through the Organization of American States and free trade agreements such as the trilateral North American Free Trade Agreement with Canada and Mexico. In 2008, the United States spent a net $25.4 billion on official development assistance, the most in the world. As a share of America's large gross national income (GNI), however, the U.S. contribution of 0.18% ranked last among twenty-two donor states. By contrast, private overseas giving by Americans is relatively generous.[67]
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The president holds the title of commander-in-chief of the nation's armed forces and appoints its leaders, the secretary of defense and the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The United States Department of Defense administers the armed forces, including the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force. The Coast Guard is run by the Department of Homeland Security in peacetime and the Department of the Navy in time of war. In 2008, the armed forces had 1.4 million personnel on active duty. The Reserves and National Guard brought the total number of troops to 2.3 million. The Department of Defense also employed about 700,000 civilians, not including contractors.[68]
Military service is voluntary, though conscription may occur in wartime through the Selective Service System.[69] American forces can be rapidly deployed by the Air Force's large fleet of transport aircraft, the Navy's eleven active aircraft carriers, and Marine Expeditionary Units at sea with the Navy's Atlantic and Pacific fleets. The military operates 865 bases and facilities abroad,[70] and maintains deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel in 25 foreign countries.[71] The extent of this global military presence has prompted some scholars to describe the United States as maintaining an "empire of bases".[72]
Total U.S. military spending in 2010, almost $700 billion, was 43% of global military spending and greater than the next fourteen largest national military expenditures combined. At 4.8% of GDP, the rate was the second-highest among the top fifteen military spenders, after Saudi Arabia.[73] The proposed base Department of Defense budget for 2012, $553 billion, is a 4.2% increase over 2011; an additional $118 billion is proposed for the military campaigns in Iraq and Afghanistan.[74] The last American troops serving in Iraq departed in December 2011;[75] 4,484 servicemen were killed during the Iraq War.[76] Approximately 90,000 U.S. troops were serving in Afghanistan as of April 2012;[77] as of April 4, 1,924 had been killed during the War in Afghanistan.[78]
Economy[link]
Main article: Economy of the United States
| Economic indicators | ||
|---|---|---|
| Unemployment | 8.2% (May 2012) | [79] |
| GDP growth | 2.2% (1Q 2012), 1.7% (2011) | [80] |
| CPI inflation | 2.3% (April 2011 – April 2012) | [81] |
| Poverty | 15.1% (2010) | [82] |
| Public debt | $15.62 trillion (April 13, 2012) | [83] |
| Household net worth | $58.5 trillion (4Q 2011) | [84] |
The United States has a capitalist mixed economy, which is fueled by abundant natural resources, a well-developed infrastructure, and high productivity.[85] According to the International Monetary Fund, the U.S. GDP of $15.1 trillion constitutes 22% of the gross world product at market exchange rates and over 19% of the gross world product at purchasing power parity (PPP).[3] Though larger than any other nation's, its national GDP is about 5% smaller than the GDP of the European Union at PPP in 2008. The country ranks ninth in the world in nominal GDP per capita and sixth in GDP per capita at PPP.[3] The U.S. dollar is the world's primary reserve currency.[86]
The United States is the largest importer of goods and third largest exporter, though exports per capita are relatively low. In 2010, the total U.S. trade deficit was $635 billion.[87] Canada, China, Mexico, Japan, and Germany are its top trading partners.[88] In 2010, oil was the largest import commodity, while transportation equipment was the country's largest export.[87] China is the largest foreign holder of U.S. public debt.[89]
In 2009, the private sector was estimated to constitute 86.4% of the economy, with federal government activity accounting for 4.3% and state and local government activity (including federal transfers) the remaining 9.3%.[91] While its economy has reached a postindustrial level of development and its service sector constitutes 67.8% of GDP, the United States remains an industrial power.[92] The leading business field by gross business receipts is wholesale and retail trade; by net income it is manufacturing.[93] Chemical products are the leading manufacturing field.[94] The United States is the third largest producer of oil in the world, as well as its largest importer.[95] It is the world's number one producer of electrical and nuclear energy, as well as liquid natural gas, sulfur, phosphates, and salt. While agriculture accounts for just under 1% of GDP,[92] the United States is the world's top producer of corn[96] and soybeans.[97] Coca-Cola and McDonald's are the two most recognized brands in the world.[98]
In August 2010, the American labor force comprised 154.1 million people. With 21.2 million people, government is the leading field of employment. The largest private employment sector is health care and social assistance, with 16.4 million people. About 12% of workers are unionized, compared to 30% in Western Europe.[99] The World Bank ranks the United States first in the ease of hiring and firing workers.[100] In 2009, the United States had the third highest labor productivity per person in the world, behind Luxembourg and Norway. It was fourth in productivity per hour, behind those two countries and the Netherlands.[101] Compared to Europe, U.S. property and corporate income tax rates are generally higher, while labor and, particularly, consumption tax rates are lower.[102]
Income and human development[link]
Main article: Income in the United States
See also: Income inequality in the United States, Poverty in the United States, and Affluence in the United States
According to the United States Census Bureau, the pretax median household income in 2010 was $49,445. The median ranged from $64,308 among Asian American households to $32,068 among African American households.[82] Using purchasing power parity exchange rates, the overall median is similar to the most affluent cluster of developed nations. After declining sharply during the middle of the 20th century, poverty rates have plateaued since the early 1970s, with 11–15% of Americans below the poverty line every year, and 58.5% spending at least one year in poverty between the ages of 25 and 75.[103][104] In 2010, 46.2 million Americans lived in poverty, a figure that rose for the fourth year in a row.[82]
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The U.S. welfare state is one of the least extensive in the developed world, reducing both relative poverty and absolute poverty by considerably less than the mean for rich nations,[105][106] though combined private and public social expenditures per capita are relatively high.[107] While the American welfare state effectively reduces poverty among the elderly,[108] it provides relatively little assistance to the young.[109] A 2007 UNICEF study of children's well-being in twenty-one industrialized nations ranked the United States next to last.[110]
Between 1947 and 1979, real median income rose by over 80% for all classes, with the incomes of poor Americans rising faster than those of the rich.[111] However, income gains since then have been slower, less widely shared, and accompanied by increased economic insecurity.[111][112] Median household income has increased for all classes since 1980,[113] largely owing to more dual-earner households, the closing of the gender pay gap, and longer work hours, but the growth has been strongly tilted toward the very top.[105][111][114] Consequently, the share of income of the top 1%—21.8% of total reported income in 2005—has more than doubled since 1980,[115] leaving the United States with the greatest income inequality among developed nations.[105][116] The United States has a progressive tax system which equates to higher income earners paying a larger percentage of their income in taxes.[117] The top 1% pays 27.6% of all federal taxes, while the top 10% pays 54.7%.[118] Wealth, like income and taxes, is highly concentrated: The richest 10% of the adult population possesses 69.8% of the country's household wealth, the second-highest share among developed nations.[119] The top 1% possesses 33.4% of net wealth.[120] In 2011 the United Nations Development Programme ranked the United States 23rd among 139 countries on its inequality-adjusted human development index (IHDI), nineteen places lower than in the standard HDI.[121]
Infrastructure[link]
Science and technology[link]
Main article: Science and technology in the United States
The United States has been a leader in scientific research and technological innovation since the late 19th century. In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell was awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone. Thomas Edison's laboratory developed the phonograph, the first long-lasting light bulb, and the first viable movie camera. Nikola Tesla pioneered alternating current, the AC motor, and radio. In the early 20th century, the automobile companies of Ransom E. Olds and Henry Ford popularized the assembly line. The Wright brothers, in 1903, made the first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight.[122]
The rise of Nazism in the 1930s led many European scientists, including Albert Einstein, Enrico Fermi, and John von Neumann, to immigrate to the United States. During World War II, the Manhattan Project developed nuclear weapons, ushering in the Atomic Age. The Space Race produced rapid advances in rocketry, materials science, and computers. IBM, Apple Computer, and Microsoft refined and popularized the personal computer. The United States largely developed the ARPANET and its successor, the Internet. Today, 64% of research and development funding comes from the private sector.[123] The United States leads the world in scientific research papers and impact factor.[124] As of April 2010, 68% of American households had broadband Internet service.[125] The country is the primary developer and grower of genetically modified food, representing half of the world's biotech crops.[126]
Transportation[link]
Main article: Transportation in the United States
Personal transportation is dominated by automobiles, which operate on a network of 13 million roads,[128] including one of the world's longest highway systems.[129] The world's second largest automobile market,[130] the United States has the highest rate of per-capita vehicle ownership in the world, with 765 vehicles per 1,000 Americans.[131] About 40% of personal vehicles are vans, SUVs, or light trucks.[132] The average American adult (accounting for all drivers and nondrivers) spends 55 minutes driving every day, traveling 29 miles (47 km).[133]
Mass transit accounts for 9% of total U.S. work trips,[134] ranking last in a survey of 17 countries.[135] While transport of goods by rail is extensive, relatively few people use rail to travel,[136] though ridership on Amtrak, the national intercity passenger rail system, grew by almost 37% between 2000 and 2010.[137] Light rail development has increased in recent years but, like high speed rail, is below European levels.[138] Bicycle usage for work commutes is minimal.[139]
The civil airline industry is entirely privately owned and has been largely deregulated since 1978, while most major airports are publicly owned. The three largest airlines in the world by passengers carried are U.S.-based; Delta Air Lines is number one.[140] Of the world's thirty busiest passenger airports, sixteen are in the United States, including the busiest, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport.[141]
Energy[link]
See also: Energy policy of the United States
The United States energy market is 29,000 terawatt hours per year. Energy consumption per capita is 7.8 tons of oil equivalent per year, the 10th highest rate in the world. In 2005, 40% of this energy came from petroleum, 23% from coal, and 22% from natural gas. The remainder was supplied by nuclear power and renewable energy sources.[142] The United States is the world's largest consumer of petroleum.[143] For decades, nuclear power has played a limited role relative to many other developed countries, in part due to public perception in the wake of a 1979 accident. In 2007, several applications for new nuclear plants were filed.[144] The United States has 27% of global coal reserves.[145]
Education[link]
Main article: Education in the United States
American public education is operated by state and local governments, regulated by the United States Department of Education through restrictions on federal grants. Children are required in most states to attend school from the age of six or seven (generally, kindergarten or first grade) until they turn eighteen (generally bringing them through twelfth grade, the end of high school); some states allow students to leave school at sixteen or seventeen.[147] About 12% of children are enrolled in parochial or nonsectarian private schools. Just over 2% of children are homeschooled.[148]
The United States has many competitive private and public institutions of higher education. According to prominent international rankings, 13 or 15 American colleges and universities are ranked among the top 20 in the world.[149][150] There are also local community colleges with generally more open admission policies, shorter academic programs, and lower tuition. Of Americans twenty-five and older, 84.6% graduated from high school, 52.6% attended some college, 27.2% earned a bachelor's degree, and 9.6% earned graduate degrees.[151] The basic literacy rate is approximately 99%.[1][152] The United Nations assigns the United States an Education Index of 0.97, tying it for 12th in the world.[153]
Health[link]
See also: Health care in the United States, Health care reform in the United States, and Health insurance in the United States
The United States life expectancy of 78.4 years at birth ranks it 50th among 221 nations.[155] Increasing obesity in the United States and health improvements elsewhere have contributed to lowering the country's rank in life expectancy from 1987, when it was 11th in the world.[156] Approximately one-third of the adult population is obese and an additional third is overweight;[157] the obesity rate, the highest in the industrialized world, has more than doubled in the last quarter-century.[158] Obesity-related type 2 diabetes is considered epidemic by health care professionals.[159] The infant mortality rate of 6.06 per thousand places the United States 176th out of 222 countries, higher than all of Western Europe.[160]
The U.S. health care system far outspends any other nation's, measured in both per capita spending and percentage of GDP.[161] The World Health Organization ranked the U.S. health care system in 2000 as first in responsiveness, but 37th in overall performance.
Health care coverage in the United States is a combination of public and private efforts, and is not universal as in all other developed countries. In 2004, private insurance paid for 36% of personal health expenditures, private out-of-pocket payments covered 15%, and federal, state, and local governments paid for 44%.[162] In 2005, 46.6 million Americans, 15.9% of the population, were uninsured, 5.4 million more than in 2001. The main cause of this rise is the drop in the number of Americans with employer-sponsored health insurance.[163] The subject of uninsured and underinsured Americans is a major political issue.[164] A 2009 study estimated that lack of insurance is associated with nearly 45,000 deaths a year.[165] In 2006, Massachusetts became the first state to mandate universal health insurance.[166] Federal legislation passed in early 2010 will create a near-universal health insurance system around the country by 2014.
Crime and law enforcement[link]
Main articles: Law enforcement in the United States and Crime in the United States
See also: Law of the United States, Incarceration in the United States, and Capital punishment in the United States
Law enforcement in the United States is primarily the responsibility of local police and sheriff's departments, with state police providing broader services. Federal agencies such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and the U.S. Marshals Service have specialized duties. At the federal level and in almost every state, jurisprudence operates on a common law system. State courts conduct most criminal trials; federal courts handle certain designated crimes as well as certain appeals from the state systems. Federal law prohibits a variety of drugs, although states sometimes pass laws in conflict with federal regulations. The smoking age is generally 18, and the drinking age is generally 21.
Among developed nations, the United States has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide.[168] There were 5.0 murders per 100,000 persons in 2009, 10.4% fewer than in 2000.[169] Gun ownership rights are the subject of contentious political debate.
The United States has the highest documented incarceration rate[170] and total prison population[171] in the world. At the start of 2008, more than 2.3 million people were incarcerated, more than one in every 100 adults.[172] The current rate is about seven times the 1980 figure,[173] and over three times the figure in Poland, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) country with the next highest rate.[174] African American males are jailed at about six times the rate of white males and three times the rate of Hispanic males.[170] The country's high rate of incarceration is largely due to sentencing and drug policies.[170][175]
Though it has been abolished in most Western nations, capital punishment is sanctioned in the United States for certain federal and military crimes, and in thirty-four states. Since 1976, when the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty after a four-year moratorium, there have been more than 1,000 executions.[176] In 2010, the country had the fifth highest number of executions in the world, following China, Iran, North Korea, and Yemen.[177] In 2007, New Jersey became the first state to legislatively abolish the death penalty since the 1976 Supreme Court decision, followed by New Mexico in 2009 and Illinois in 2011.[178]
Demographics[link]
Main articles: Demographics of the United States and Americans
| Race/Ethnicity (2010)[179] | |
|---|---|
| White | 72.4% |
| Black/African American | 12.6% |
| Asian | 4.8% |
| American Indian and Alaska Native | 0.9% |
| Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander | 0.2% |
| Other | 6.2% |
| Two or more races | 2.9% |
| Hispanic/Latino (of any race) | 16.3% |
The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the country's population now to be 313,802,000,[2] including an estimated 11.2 million illegal immigrants.[180] The U.S. population almost quadrupled during the 20th century, from about 76 million in 1900.[181] The third most populous nation in the world, after China and India, the United States is the only major industrialized nation in which large population increases are projected.[182] Even with a birth rate of 13.82 per 1,000, 30% below the world average, its population growth rate is positive at 1%, significantly higher than those of many developed nations.[183] In fiscal year 2011, over 1 million immigrants (most of whom entered through family reunification) were granted legal residence.[184] Mexico has been the leading source of new residents for over two decades; since 1998, China, India, and the Philippines have been in the top four sending countries every year.[185]
The United States has a very diverse population—thirty-one ancestry groups have more than one million members.[186] White Americans are the largest racial group; German Americans, Irish Americans, and English Americans constitute three of the country's four largest ancestry groups.[186] African Americans are the nation's largest racial minority and third largest ancestry group.[186] Asian Americans are the country's second largest racial minority; the two largest Asian American ethnic groups are Chinese Americans and Filipino Americans.[186] In 2010, the U.S. population included an estimated 5.2 million people with some American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry (2.9 million exclusively of such ancestry) and 1.2 million with some native Hawaiian or Pacific island ancestry (0.5 million exclusively).[187] The census counted more than 19 million people of "Some Other Race" who were "unable to identify with any" of its five official race categories in 2010.[187]
The population growth of Hispanic and Latino Americans (the terms are officially interchangeable) is a major demographic trend. The 50.5 million Americans of Hispanic descent[187] are identified as sharing a distinct "ethnicity" by the Census Bureau; 64% of Hispanic Americans are of Mexican descent.[188] Between 2000 and 2010, the country's Hispanic population increased 43% while the non-Hispanic population rose just 4.9%.[179] Much of this growth is from immigration; as of 2007, 12.6% of the U.S. population was foreign-born, with 54% of that figure born in Latin America.[189] Fertility is also a factor; as of 2010 the average Hispanic woman gave birth to 2.4 children in her lifetime, compared to 2.0 for non-Hispanic black women and 1.8 for non-Hispanic white women (below the replacement rate of 2.1).[190] Minorities (as defined by the Census Bureau as all those beside non-Hispanic, non-multiracial whites) constituted 36.3% of the population in 2010,[191] and nearly 50% of children under age 1,[192] and are projected to constitute the majority by 2042.[193]
About 82% of Americans live in urban areas (including suburbs);[1] about half of those reside in cities with populations over 50,000.[194] In 2008, 273 incorporated places had populations over 100,000, nine cities had more than 1 million residents, and four global cities had over 2 million (New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, and Houston).[195] There are fifty-two metropolitan areas with populations greater than 1 million.[196] Of the fifty fastest-growing metro areas, forty-seven are in the West or South.[197] The metro areas of Dallas, Houston, Atlanta, and Phoenix all grew by more than a million people between 2000 and 2008.[196]
| Leading population centers | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rank | Core city | Metro area pop.[198] | Metropolitan Statistical Area | Region[199] |  New York City  Los Angeles |
||
| 1 | New York City | 19,015,900 | New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA MSA | Northeast | |||
| 2 | Los Angeles | 12,944,801 | Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA MSA | West | |||
| 3 | Chicago | 9,504,753 | Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI MSA | Midwest | |||
| 4 | Dallas | 6,526,548 | Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA | South | |||
| 5 | Houston | 6,086,538 | Houston–Sugar Land–Baytown, TX MSA | South | |||
| 6 | Philadelphia | 5,992,414 | Philadelphia–Camden–Wilmington, PA–NJ–DE–MD MSA | Northeast | |||
| 7 | Washington, D.C. | 5,703,948 | Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV MSA | South | |||
| 8 | Miami | 5,670,125 | Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL MSA | South | |||
| 9 | Atlanta | 5,359,205 | Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA | South | |||
| 10 | Boston | 4,591,112 | Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH MSA | Northeast | |||
| based on the 2011 U.S. Population Estimate | |||||||
Language[link]
Main article: Languages of the United States
| Languages (2010)[200] | |
|---|---|
| English (only) | 229.7 million |
| Spanish, incl. Creole | 37.0 million |
| Chinese | 2.8 million |
| French, incl. Creole | 2.1 million |
| Tagalog | 1.6 million |
| Vietnamese | 1.4 million |
| Korean | 1.1 million |
| German | 1.1 million |
English is the de facto national language. Although there is no official language at the federal level, some laws—such as U.S. naturalization requirements—standardize English. In 2010, about 230 million, or 80% of the population aged five years and older, spoke only English at home. Spanish, spoken by 12% of the population at home, is the second most common language and the most widely taught second language.[200][201] Some Americans advocate making English the country's official language, as it is in at least twenty-eight states.[5] Both Hawaiian and English are official languages in Hawaii by state law.[202]
While neither has an official language, New Mexico has laws providing for the use of both English and Spanish, as Louisiana does for English and French.[203] Other states, such as California, mandate the publication of Spanish versions of certain government documents including court forms.[204] Many jurisdictions with large numbers of non-English speakers produce government materials, especially voting information, in the most commonly spoken languages in those jurisdictions. Several insular territories grant official recognition to their native languages, along with English: Samoan and Chamorro are recognized by American Samoa and Guam, respectively; Carolinian and Chamorro are recognized by the Northern Mariana Islands; Spanish is an official language of Puerto Rico.
Religion[link]
Main article: Religion in the United States
See also: History of religion in the United States, Freedom of religion in the United States, Separation of church and state in the United States, and List of religious movements that began in the United States
The United States is officially a secular nation; the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the free exercise of religion and forbids the establishment of any religious governance. In a 2002 study, 59% of Americans said that religion played a "very important role in their lives", a far higher figure than that of any other wealthy nation.[205] According to a 2007 survey, 78.4% of adults identified themselves as Christian,[206] down from 86.4% in 1990.[207] Protestant denominations accounted for 51.3%, while Roman Catholicism, at 23.9%, was the largest individual denomination. The study categorizes white evangelicals, 26.3% of the population, as the country's largest religious cohort;[206] another study estimates evangelicals of all races at 30–35%.[208] The total reporting non-Christian religions in 2007 was 4.7%, up from 3.3% in 1990.[207] The leading non-Christian faiths were Judaism (1.7%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), Hinduism (0.4%), and Unitarian Universalism (0.3%).[206] The survey also reported that 16.1% of Americans described themselves as agnostic, atheist, or simply having no religion, up from 8.2% in 1990.[206][207]
Family structure[link]
In 2007, 58% of Americans age 18 and over were married, 6% were widowed, 10% were divorced, and 25% had never been married.[209] Women now mostly work outside the home and receive a majority of bachelor's degrees.[210]
Same-sex marriage is a contentious issue. Some states permit civil unions or domestic partnerships in lieu of marriage. Since 2003, several states have legalized gay marriage as the result of judicial or legislative action. Meanwhile, the federal government and a majority of states define marriage as between a man and a woman and/or explicitly prohibit same-sex marriage. Public opinion on the issue has shifted from general opposition in the 1990s to a statistical deadlock, to a majority in support.[211]
The U.S. teenage pregnancy rate, 79.8 per 1,000 women, is the highest among OECD nations.[212] Abortion policy was left to the states until the Supreme Court legalized the practice in 1973. The issue remains highly controversial, with public opinion closely divided for many years. Many states ban public funding of the procedure and restrict late-term abortions, require parental notification for minors, and mandate a waiting period. While the abortion rate is falling, the abortion ratio of 241 per 1,000 live births and abortion rate of 15 per 1,000 women aged 15–44 remain higher than those of most Western nations.[213]
Culture[link]
Main article: Culture of the United States
See also: Social class in the United States
The United States is a multicultural nation, home to a wide variety of ethnic groups, traditions, and values.[6][215] Aside from the now small Native American and Native Hawaiian populations, nearly all Americans or their ancestors immigrated within the past five centuries.[216] Mainstream American culture is a Western culture largely derived from the traditions of European immigrants with influences from many other sources, such as traditions brought by slaves from Africa.[6][217] More recent immigration from Asia and especially Latin America has added to a cultural mix that has been described as both a homogenizing melting pot, and a heterogeneous salad bowl in which immigrants and their descendants retain distinctive cultural characteristics.[6]
American culture is considered the most individualistic in the world.[218] The American Dream, or the incorrect perception that Americans enjoy high social mobility, plays a key role in attracting immigrants.[219] While the mainstream culture holds that the United States is a classless society,[220] scholars identify significant differences between the country's social classes, affecting socialization, language, and values.[221] The American middle and professional class has initiated many contemporary social trends such as modern feminism, environmentalism, and multiculturalism.[222] Americans' self-images, social viewpoints, and cultural expectations are associated with their occupations to an unusually close degree.[223] While Americans tend greatly to value socioeconomic achievement, being ordinary or average is generally seen as a positive attribute.[224]
Popular media[link]
Main articles: Cinema of the United States, Television in the United States, and Music of the United States
The world's first commercial motion picture exhibition was given in New York City in 1894, using Thomas Edison's Kinetoscope. The next year saw the first commercial screening of a projected film, also in New York, and the United States was in the forefront of sound film's development in the following decades. Since the early 20th century, the U.S. film industry has largely been based in and around Hollywood, California. Director D. W. Griffith was central to the development of film grammar and Orson Welles's Citizen Kane (1941) is frequently cited as the greatest film of all time.[225] American screen actors like John Wayne and Marilyn Monroe have become iconic figures, while producer/entrepreneur Walt Disney was a leader in both animated film and movie merchandising. The major film studios of Hollywood have produced the most commercially successful movies in history, such as Star Wars (1977) and Titanic (1997), and the products of Hollywood today dominate the global film industry.[226]
Americans are the heaviest television viewers in the world,[227] and the average viewing time continues to rise, reaching five hours a day in 2006.[228] The four major broadcast networks are all commercial entities. Americans listen to radio programming, also largely commercialized, on average just over two-and-a-half hours a day.[229] Aside from web portals and search engines, the most popular websites are Facebook, YouTube, Wikipedia, Blogger, eBay, and Craigslist.[230]
The rhythmic and lyrical styles of African-American music have deeply influenced American music at large, distinguishing it from European traditions. Elements from folk idioms such as the blues and what is now known as old-time music were adopted and transformed into popular genres with global audiences. Jazz was developed by innovators such as Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington early in the 20th century. Country music developed in the 1920s, and rhythm and blues in the 1940s. Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry were among the mid-1950s pioneers of rock and roll. In the 1960s, Bob Dylan emerged from the folk revival to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters and James Brown led the development of funk. More recent American creations include hip hop and house music. American pop stars such as Presley, Michael Jackson, and Madonna have become global celebrities.[231]
Literature, philosophy, and the arts[link]
In the 18th and early 19th centuries, American art and literature took most of its cues from Europe. Writers such as Nathaniel Hawthorne, Edgar Allan Poe, and Henry David Thoreau established a distinctive American literary voice by the middle of the 19th century. Mark Twain and poet Walt Whitman were major figures in the century's second half; Emily Dickinson, virtually unknown during her lifetime, is now recognized as an essential American poet.[232] A work seen as capturing fundamental aspects of the national experience and character—such as Herman Melville's Moby-Dick (1851), Twain's The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1885), and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (1925)—may be dubbed the "Great American Novel".[233]
Eleven U.S. citizens have won the Nobel Prize in Literature, most recently Toni Morrison in 1993. William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway are often named among the most influential writers of the 20th century.[234] Popular literary genres such as the Western and hardboiled crime fiction developed in the United States. The Beat Generation writers opened up new literary approaches, as have postmodernist authors such as John Barth, Thomas Pynchon, and Don DeLillo.
The transcendentalists, led by Thoreau and Ralph Waldo Emerson, established the first major American philosophical movement. After the Civil War, Charles Sanders Peirce and then William James and John Dewey were leaders in the development of pragmatism. In the 20th century, the work of W. V. O. Quine and Richard Rorty, and later Noam Chomsky, brought analytic philosophy to the fore of American philosophical academia. John Rawls and Robert Nozick led a revival of political philosophy.
In the visual arts, the Hudson River School was a mid-19th-century movement in the tradition of European naturalism. The realist paintings of Thomas Eakins are now widely celebrated. The 1913 Armory Show in New York City, an exhibition of European modernist art, shocked the public and transformed the U.S. art scene.[235] Georgia O'Keeffe, Marsden Hartley, and others experimented with new, individualistic styles. Major artistic movements such as the abstract expressionism of Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning and the pop art of Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein developed largely in the United States. The tide of modernism and then postmodernism has brought fame to American architects such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Philip Johnson, and Frank Gehry.
One of the first major promoters of American theater was impresario P. T. Barnum, who began operating a lower Manhattan entertainment complex in 1841. The team of Harrigan and Hart produced a series of popular musical comedies in New York starting in the late 1870s. In the 20th century, the modern musical form emerged on Broadway; the songs of musical theater composers such as Irving Berlin, Cole Porter, and Stephen Sondheim have become pop standards. Playwright Eugene O'Neill won the Nobel literature prize in 1936; other acclaimed U.S. dramatists include multiple Pulitzer Prize winners Tennessee Williams, Edward Albee, and August Wilson.
Though little known at the time, Charles Ives's work of the 1910s established him as the first major U.S. composer in the classical tradition, while experimentalists such as Henry Cowell and John Cage created a distinctive American approach to classical composition. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin developed a new synthesis of popular and classical music. Choreographers Isadora Duncan and Martha Graham helped create modern dance, while George Balanchine and Jerome Robbins were leaders in 20th-century ballet. Americans have long been important in the modern artistic medium of photography, with major photographers including Alfred Stieglitz, Edward Steichen, and Ansel Adams. The newspaper comic strip and the comic book are both U.S. innovations. Superman, the quintessential comic book superhero, has become an American icon.[236]
Food[link]
Main article: American cuisine
Mainstream American cuisine is similar to that in other Western countries. Wheat is the primary cereal grain. Traditional American cuisine uses indigenous ingredients, such as turkey, venison, potatoes, sweet potatoes, corn, squash, and maple syrup, which were consumed by Native Americans and early European settlers. Slow-cooked pork and beef barbecue, crab cakes, potato chips, and chocolate chip cookies are distinctively American foods. Soul food, developed by African slaves, is popular around the South and among many African Americans elsewhere. Syncretic cuisines such as Louisiana creole, Cajun, and Tex-Mex are regionally important.
Characteristic dishes such as apple pie, fried chicken, pizza, hamburgers, and hot dogs derive from the recipes of various immigrants. French fries, Mexican dishes such as burritos and tacos, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are widely consumed.[237] Americans generally prefer coffee to tea. Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making orange juice and milk ubiquitous breakfast beverages.[238]
The American fast food industry, the world's largest, pioneered the drive-through format in the 1930s. Fast food consumption has sparked health concerns. During the 1980s and 1990s, Americans' caloric intake rose 24%;[237] frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what public health officials call the American "obesity epidemic".[239] Highly sweetened soft drinks are widely popular, and sugared beverages account for 9% of American caloric intake.[240]
Sports[link]
Main article: Sports in the United States
Baseball has been regarded as the national sport since the late 19th century, while American football is now by several measures the most popular spectator sport.[241] Basketball and ice hockey are the country's next two leading professional team sports. College football and basketball attract large audiences. Boxing and horse racing were once the most watched individual sports,[242] but they have been eclipsed by golf and auto racing, particularly NASCAR. Soccer is played widely at the youth and amateur levels. Tennis and many outdoor sports are popular as well.
While most major U.S. sports have evolved out of European practices, volleyball, skateboarding, snowboarding, and cheerleading are American inventions. Basketball was invented in Massachusetts by Canadian-born James Naismith. Lacrosse and surfing arose from Native American and Native Hawaiian activities that predate Western contact. Eight Olympic Games have taken place in the United States. The United States has won 2,301 medals at the Summer Olympic Games, more than any other country,[243] and 253 in the Winter Olympic Games, the second most.[244]
Measurement systems[link]
Main article: United States customary units
The nation retains United States customary units, comprising mainly former British imperial units such as miles, yards, and degrees Fahrenheit. Distinct units include the U.S. gallon and U.S. pint volume measurements. The United States is one of only three countries that do not rely primarily on the International System of Units. However, metric units are increasingly used in science, medicine, and many industrial fields.[245]
See also[link]
 |
See more Wikipedia articles related to United States. |
- Index of United States-related articles
- Lists of U.S. states
- Outline of the United States
- Wikipedia books: United States
References[link]
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- ^ "Broadband and Media Consumption". eMarketer. 2007-06-07. http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1005003. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "TV Fans Spill into Web Sites". eMarketer. 2007-06-07. http://www.emarketer.com/Article.aspx?R=1004830. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
- ^ "Top Sites in United States". Alexa. 2010. http://www.alexa.com/topsites/countries/US. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ Biddle, Julian (2001). What Was Hot!: Five Decades of Pop Culture in America. New York: Citadel, p. ix. ISBN 0-8065-2311-5.
- ^ Bloom, Harold. 1999. Emily Dickinson. Broomall, PA: Chelsea House Publishers. p. 9. ISBN 0-7910-5106-4.
- ^ Buell, Lawrence (Spring/Summer 2008). "The Unkillable Dream of the Great American Novel: Moby-Dick as Test Case". American Literary History 20 (1–2): 132–155. DOI:10.1093/alh/ajn005. ISSN 0896-7148.
- ^ Quinn, Edward (2006). A Dictionary of Literary and Thematic Terms. Infobase, p. 361. ISBN 0-8160-6243-9. Seed, David (2009). A Companion to Twentieth-Century United States Fiction. Chichester, West Sussex: John Wiley and Sons, p. 76. ISBN 1-4051-4691-5. Meyers, Jeffrey (1999). Hemingway: A Biography. New York: Da Capo, p. 139. ISBN 0-306-80890-0.
- ^ Brown, Milton W. (1988 1963). The Story of the Armory Show. New York: Abbeville. ISBN 0-89659-795-4.
- ^ Daniels, Les (1998). Superman: The Complete History (1st ed.). Titan Books. p. 11. ISBN 1-85286-988-7.
- ^ a b Klapthor, James N. (2003-08-23). "What, When, and Where Americans Eat in 2003". Newswise/Institute of Food Technologists. http://www.newswise.com/articles/what-when-and-where-americans-eat-in-2003. Retrieved 2007-06-19.
- ^ Smith, Andrew F. (2004). The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 131–32. ISBN 0-19-515437-1. Levenstein, Harvey (2003). Revolution at the Table: The Transformation of the American Diet. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, pp. 154–55. ISBN 0-520-23439-1.
- ^ Boslaugh, Sarah (2010). "Obesity Epidemic", in Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints, and Voices, ed. Roger Chapman. Armonk, N.Y.: M. E. Sharpe, pp. 413–14. ISBN 978-0-7656-1761-3.
- ^ "Fast Food, Central Nervous System Insulin Resistance, and Obesity". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. American Heart Association. 2005. http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/25/12/2451#R3-101329. Retrieved 2007-06-09. "Let's Eat Out: Americans Weigh Taste, Convenience, and Nutrition". U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/eib19/eib19_reportsummary.pdf. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- ^ Krane, David K. (2002-10-30). "Professional Football Widens Its Lead Over Baseball as Nation's Favorite Sport". Harris Interactive. http://www.harrisinteractive.com/Insights/HarrisVault8482.aspx?PID=337. Retrieved 2007-09-14. Maccambridge, Michael (2004). America's Game: The Epic Story of How Pro Football Captured a Nation. New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50454-0.
- ^ Cowen, Tyler, and Kevin Grier (2012-02-09). "What Would the End of Football Look Like?". Grantland/ESPN. http://www.grantland.com/story/_/id/7559458/cte-concussion-crisis-economic-look-end-football. Retrieved 2012-02-12.
- ^ "All-Time Medal Standings, 1896–2004". Information Please. http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115108.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14. "Distribution of Medals—2008 Summer Games". Fact Monster. http://www.factmonster.com/sports/olympics/2008/distribution-medals-summer-games.html. Retrieved 2008-09-02.
- ^ "All-Time Medal Standings, 1924–2006". Information Please. http://www.infoplease.com/ipsa/A0115207.html. Retrieved 2007-06-14. "Olympic Medals". Vancouver Organizing Committee. http://www.vancouver2010.com/olympic-medals/. Retrieved 2010-03-02. Norway is first.
- ^ "Appendix G: Weights and Measures". The World Factbook. CIA. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/appendix/appendix-g.html. Retrieved 2010-04-01.
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- United States entry at The World Factbook
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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Humani generis (disambiguation).
Humani generis unitas (Latin for On the Unity of the Human Race) was a planned encyclical of Pope Pius XI before his death on February 10, 1939, which condemned antisemitism, racism and the persecution of Jews. Because it was never promulgated, it is sometimes referred to as "The Hidden Encyclical" or "The Lost Encyclical."
Contents |
History[link]
In June 1938, Pius XI summoned American Jesuit John LaFarge, who began to prepare a draft of Humani Generis Unitas, which LaFarge and two other Jesuits—Gustav Gundlach and Gustave Desbuquois[1]—worked on in Paris;[2] the draft was approximately 100 pages long.[3] Another Jesuit translated the draft encyclical into Latin, presenting it to Vladimir Ledochowski, then the General of the Society of Jesus[4]—who had chosen Gundlach and Desbuquois for the project.[1] The draft encyclical was delivered to the Vatican in September 1938.[1]
Some secondary sources—as well as Cardinal Tisserant the Dean of the College of Cardinals[5]—claim that Humani Generis Unitas was literally on Pius XI's desk when he died of a heart attack on February 10, 1939.[3]
Pope Pius XII, who succeeded Pius XI, did not promulgate the encyclical in the exact form of the draft left by Pius XI. Critics of Pius XII—notably John Cornwell in his controversial work Hitler's Pope—have cited his failure to promulgate the encyclical as evidence of his alleged silence toward anti-Semitism and The Holocaust, though a revised form of the encyclical was actually issued by Pius XII in October 1939[1][2][6] and analysis of the encyclical figures prominently in most comparisons of the policies of Pius XII and his predecessor.[4]
Pope Benedict XVI decreed in June, 2006 that all documents from the reign of Pius XI in the Vatican Secret Archives should be opened,[7] and on September 18, 2006 over 30,000 documents were made available to researchers.[8]
Content[link]
The first 70 paragraphs, probably authored by Gundlach, are a critique of theological modernism, unorthodox re-interpretation of Sacred Scripture, nationalism, and racism; the remaining 108, likely authored by all three Jesuits, contextualized the first part of the encyclical with the social role of Catholic educational institutions and anti-Semitism.[1]
Although the draft encyclical clearly condemned racism and anti-Semitism, the document is deeply grounded in anti-Judaism[2]. The draft encyclical criticizes the majority of post-Messianic Jews for not acknowledging Jesus Christ as the true Jewish Messiah.[9]
Racism[link]
The “encyclical” clearly condemns American racial segregation and Racism and Nazi German anti-Semitism [10] Racism is a denial of the unity of human society. [11], a denial of the human personality [12] and a denial of the true values of religion [13] There is no relation between race and religion [14] last not least because racism is destructive to any society [15] The text points out that racism is destructive not only for social relations within a society but also for international relations and relations between different races. [16]
Antisemitic accusations[link]
The encyclical condemns the persecution of Jews as well. “These persecutions have been censured by the Holy See on more than one occasion, but especially when they have worn the mantle of Christianity". [17] “This unjust and pitiless campaign against the Jews has at least this advantage”, according to the “encyclical”, because the true nature, the authentic basis of the social separation of the Jews from the rest of humanity … is religious in character. …Essentially, the so-called Jewish question … is a question of religion and, since the coming of Christ, a question of Christianity. [18] The encyclical blames the Jews of the time of Christ for having brought their own Messiah Jesus Christ to death: "The very act by which the Jewish people put to death their Savior and King was, in the strong language of Saint Paul, the salvation of the world". [19] The draft encyclical continues by accusing Jews of blind materialism.
- Blinded by a vision of material domination and gain, the Israelites lost what they themselves had sought. A few chosen souls, among whom were the disciples and followers of Our Lord, the early Jewish Christians, and, through the centuries, a few members of the Jewish people, were an exception to this general rule. By their acceptance of Christ's teaching and their incorporation into His Church, they shared in the inheritance of His glory, but they remained and still remain an exception. "What Israel was seeking after, that it has not obtained; but the chosen have obtained it, and the rest have been blinded" (Romans 11:7). [20] The planned encyclical argues, that
- By a mysterious Providence of God, this unhappy people, destroyers of their own nation, whose misguided leaders had called down upon their own heads a Divine malediction, doomed, as it were, to perpetually wander over the face of the earth, were nonetheless never allowed to perish, but have been preserved through the ages into our own time. No natural reason appears to be forthcoming to explain this age-long persistence, this indestructible coherence of the Jewish people.[21]
Reaction of Pope Pius XII[link]
Pope Pius XII, who according to the authors, was not aware of the text before the death of his predecessor, [22] chose not to publish this encyclical. However, his first encyclical Summi Pontificatus (October 12, 1939), published after the beginning of WWII, has the identical title On the Unity of Human Society and uses many of the arguments of the text, avoiding most of the negative characterisation of the Jewish people and rabbinic religion still contained in the text of the original encyclical, planned and written before the invasion of Poland and the start of the Second World War.[23]
Summi Pontificatus sees Christianity being universalized and opposed to every form of racial hostility and against racial superiority. There are no real racial differences, because the human race forms a unity, because "one ancestor [God] made all nations to inhabit the whole earth".
- What a wonderful vision, which makes us contemplate the human race in the unity of its origin in God. . . in the unity of its nature, composed equally in all men of a material body and a spiritual soul; in the unity of its immediate end and its mission in the world; in the unity of its dwelling, the earth, whose benefits all men, by right of nature, may use to sustain and develop life; in the unity of its supernatural end: God himself, to whom all ought to tend; in the unity of the means for attaining this end;. . . in the unity of the redemption wrought by Christ for all.[24]
This divine law of solidarity and charity assures that all men are truly brethren, without excluding the rich variety of persons, cultures and societies.[25]
References[link]
- Georges Passelecq and Bernard Suchecky, L’Encyclique Cachee de Pie XI, Une occasion manqué de l’Eglise face a l’antisemitisme , Editions La Decouverte, Paris 1995, (engl)The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI (Harcourt, Brace, and Co., 1997).
- Encyclical Summi Pontificatus on the Vatican website
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c d e Richard G. Bailey. August 2001. "The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI." Canadian Journal of History.
- ^ a b c George Sim Johnston. 1999, October 8. "Pius XI's "Hidden Encyclical" on Anti-Semitism: An Appraisal."
- ^ a b The Holocaust Chronicle. 2002. "1937: Quiet before the Storm." p. 112.
- ^ a b Frank J. Coppa. 1998, September 22. "Pope Pius XI's "encyclical" Humani Generis Unitas against racism and anti-Semitism and the "silence" of Pope Pius XII." Journal of Church and State.
- ^ Passelecq and Suchecky, p. 151.
- ^ Summi Pontificatus
- ^ Zenit News Agency. 2006, July 2. "Benedict XVI Opens Archives on Pius XI."
- ^ Frances D'Emilio. 2006, October 13. "Newly opened files helping historians to understand priorities of future wartime pope, Pius XII." Associated Press.
- ^ (Humani generis unitas 135
- ^ without explicitly naming these countries.
- ^ Humani generis unitas 112
- ^ (Humani generis unitas 113 seq.)
- ^ Humani Generis Unitas 116 seq.
- ^ Humani generis unitas 120
- ^ Humani generis unitas 123
- ^ Humani generis unitas 130
- ^ Humani generis unitas 131
- ^ Humani generis unitas 133
- ^ Humani generis unitas 135
- ^ Saint Paul adds: "But by their offense," that is, through the Jews' rejection of the Messiah, "salvation has come to the Gentiles" (Romans 11:11).Humani generis unitas 136
- ^ Humani generis unitas 136
- ^ Letter of Father Maher to Father La Farge, March 16, 1939
- ^ Summi Pontificatus
- ^ Pius XII, Enc. Summi Pontificatus 3;
- ^ Pius XII, Enc. Summi Pontificatus 3;
External links[link]
- Humani Generis Unitas draft of a section as of 1938
- Pius XI and the mystery of the disapperead encyclical (YouTube video, original Italian, with English subtitles, duration 04:38)
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
