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KCBS-TV, channel 2, is an owned-and-operated television station of the CBS Television Network, located in Los Angeles, California. KCBS-TV shares its offices and studio facilities with sister station KCAL-TV (channel 9) inside CBS Studio Center in the Studio City section of Los Angeles, and its transmitter located atop Mount Wilson. In the few areas of the western United States where viewers cannot receive CBS programs over-the-air, KCBS is available on satellite to subscribers of DirecTV.

Digital Television[link]

Analog-to-digital conversion[link]

KCBS-TV ended programming on its analog signal, on VHF channel 2, and switched to analog nightlight at 1:10 P.M. on June 12, 2009,^[1] as part of the DTV transition in the United States. KCBS-TV moved its digital broadcasts from channel 60 to channel 43 ^[2] using PSIP to display KCBS-TV's virtual channel as 2. KCBS broadcasts in 1080i high definition on virtual channel 2.1, since CBS Network programming uses that HD format.

History[link]

Early years[link]

Experimental origins[link]

KCBS-TV is one of the oldest television stations in the world. It was created by Don Lee Broadcasting, which owned a chain of radio stations on the Pacific Coast, and was first licensed by the Federal Radio Commission, forerunner of the Federal Communications Commission as experimental television station W6XAO in June 1931. On December 23, 1931 it went on the air, and by March 1933 was broadcasting one hour daily except Sundays. The station used a mechanical camera which broadcast only film footage in an 80-line image, but demonstrated all-electronic receivers as early as 1932. It went off the air in 1935, and then reappeared using an improved mechanical camera producing a 300-line image for a month-long demonstration in June 1936. By August 1937, W6XAO had programming on the air six days per week. Live programming started in April 1938.

By 1939, with the image improved to 441 lines, an optimistic estimate of the station's viewership was 1,500 people in a few hundred homes. Many of the receiver sets were built by television hobbyists, though commercially made sets were available in Los Angeles. The station's six-day weekly schedule consisted of live talent four nights, and film two nights. During World War II, programming was reduced to three hours, every other Monday. The station's frequency was switched from Channel 1 to Channel 2 in 1945 when the FCC decided to reserve Channel 1 for low-wattage community television stations.

The station was granted a commercial license (the second in California, behind KTLA) as KTSL on May 6, 1948, and was named for Thomas S. Lee, the son of Don Lee. The station became affiliated with the DuMont Television Network later that year.

CBS acquisition[link]

Since 1949 the CBS television network had been affiliated with KTTV (channel 11), a station in which the network held a minority (49 percent) ownership stake. After an attempt to buy out that station's remaining shares were rebuffed by the majority partner, the Los Angeles Times, CBS and Don Lee struck a deal for the transfer of KTSL. CBS sold its stake in KTTV to the Times, and on January 1, 1951 all CBS programming moved to KTSL. On November 1, 1951, KTSL changed its call letters to KNXT to coincide with CBS' Los Angeles radio outlet, KNX (1070 AM).

In 1948, KNXT had launched Peter Potter's Jukebox Jury a musical/quiz series which went national in the 1953-1954 season on ABC. Many later well-known entertainers appeared on the program to judge the latest releases from the recording companies.^[3]

In 1960, KNXT created the nation's first one-hour local newscast, The Big News, which featured Jerry Dunphy, one of Southern California's most beloved news icons, along with legendary weatherman Bill Keene and sportscaster Gil Stratton. Also featured were Special Assignment reporter Maury Green and "Human Predicament" essayist Ralph Story. This helped make KNXT the number-one news station in Los Angeles. At times, a quarter of Los Angeles televisions were tuned into The Big News, the highest ratings ever for a television newscast in the area. The station eventually added such reporters as Howard Gingold and Saul Halpert, among others, and added news bureaus in Sacramento, San Francisco and Orange County, each with full-time correspondents and camera crews. Eventually, KNXT expanded to two-and-a-half hours of live local news, as well as a late-night newscast. However, in the mid 1970s, rival KABC-TV began gaining ratings at KNXT's expense. In 1975, KNXT fired Dunphy (who was quickly hired by KABC) and adopted a format similar to KABC-TV's Eyewitness News with its "happy talk" between anchors. However, the change went nowhere. Just as most of its fellow CBS O&Os were dominating their cities' ratings, KNXT rapidly fell into last place.

As KCBS-TV[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

On April 2, 1984, at noon, KNXT changed its call letters to the present KCBS-TV. In 1997, it adopted the "CBS2" moniker for its on-air image, following the lead of its Chicago and New York sisters. In 2002, KCBS-TV became a sister station to KCAL-TV after the latter was purchased by CBS Corporation.

For a time during the 1980s and 1990s, KNXT/KCBS-TV had several locally produced programs such as "2 on the Town," a local show similar to Evening Magazine and KABC-TV's Eye on L.A., and Kid Quiz, a Saturday morning children's game show hosted by longtime weathercaster Maclovio Perez. For a time in the mid-2000s, its sister station KCAL-TV did a show called 9 on the Town.

For most of the period from 1975 to 2006, KNXT/KCBS-TV was not a factor in the Los Angeles television ratings. The exceptions were a brief surge to first place in the early 1980s and another in the mid-1990s.

During the period, Channel 2 had frequently changed formats to styles that often became unsuccessful and even controversial. In September 1986, Channel 2 implemented a news-wheel format with each half-hour of news devoted to certain topics and themes. For example, there was Entertainment and Lifestyle news early on and harder news later on. This format was heavily panned by critics and audiences alike, and cancelled after only a month.

The late 1980s and early 1990s brought in the Action News format, which featured a tabloid-type newscast; the style grated on the news staff, which circulated a memo that resulted in the eventual firing of news director John Lippmann. Lippmann was heavily criticized by many, and reportedly had many confrontations with news staff, notably a shoving match between him and anchor Michael Tuck. The station's ratings quickly declined.

CBS management, highly embarrassed at KCBS' subpar performance, responded by bringing in Bill Applegate as general manager. Applegate had previously been general manager at WBBM-TV, and ironically been a reporter there in the early 1970s. While Applegate had been criticized for making WBBM's newscasts flashier than they had previously been, he set about toning down KCBS's newscasts. One of his strategies involved bringing in popular news anchors and reporters from other stations including the return of Jerry Dunphy, 20 years after he was fired from the station. Dunphy went on to anchor at KABC-TV and KCAL-TV achieving high ratings at both stops. Also joining Dunphy were colleagues Ann Martin, Dr. George Fischbeck, Paul Dandridge and Mark Coogan from KABC-TV, and Larry Carroll who worked with Dunphy at KABC and KCAL. Linda Alvarez of KNBC-TV also joined the team.

The station's ratings improved, but Applegate was eventually a casualty of CBS' merger with the Westinghouse corporation in 1996; he'd bickered with Westinghouse over syndicated programming not long after he'd arrived. Westinghouse executives never forgot this, and Applegate was one of the first executives to be let go. Channel 2's momentum ground to a halt, and it soon dropped into last place. The Action News branding was dropped in 1997 and renamed CBS 2 News. That year, Dunphy returned to KCAL.

KCBS began making another attempt to get out of the ratings basement at the start of the 21st century. In 2000, former KNBC Today in L.A. anchor Kent Shocknek joined KCBS to become its morning co-anchor. Then in 2001 the station hired Harold Greene, longtime anchor at KABC, as its 5 and 11 p.m. anchor. A year later, he was joined by his former partner at KABC, Laura Diaz. In 2004, Paul Magers, longtime anchor at KARE in the Twin Cities, replaced Greene on the 5 p.m. and 11 p.m. news, bumping Greene to the 4 p.m. and 6 p.m. newscasts. The 4 p.m. newscast moved to KCAL-TV with the arrival of Dr. Phil on KCBS. At the beginning of 2005, longtime KABC weatherman Johnny Mountain moved to KCBS, surprising many since it appeared that he was going to retire.

At first, it seemed that none of these changes brought KCBS any closer to becoming a factor in the Los Angeles news race. However, in April 2006, KCBS grabbed the #2 spot at 5 PM from KABC due to a strong lead-in from Dr. Phil. More importantly, KCBS shot past both KABC and KNBC to take first place at 11 p.m. for the first time in 30 years.

On April 21, 2007, KCBS and KCAL-TV moved from historic CBS Columbia Square in Hollywood to an all-digital facility at the CBS Studio Center in Studio City. The move marks many changes at KCBS and KCAL-TV. Several news personalities have departed, including David Jackson, a respected news anchor who returned to the duopoly after fronting KCAL's Prime 9 News in the early 1990s, Kerry Kilbride, reporter Jay Jackson, Paul Dandridge, Dilva Henry, Linda Alvarez, sports anchor Alan Massengale, and Dave Clark, who left for KTVU. Both stations began broadcasting all their newscasts, sports shows, and public affairs programming in high definition, becoming the third and fourth station in Los Angeles to do so; the other being KABC-TV in February 2006, and KTLA in January 2007. In addition, KCBS and KCAL-TV now operate in a completely tapeless newsroom. This newsroom is named in honor of Jerry Dunphy, who previously worked at both stations in the past.

With the move, KTLA and KCET are the only stations (either in radio or television) in Los Angeles to broadcast from Hollywood.

On April 1, 2008, CBS's owned-and-operated television stations division ordered widespread budget cuts and staff layoffs from its stations, among the largest budget cuts in television history. CBS O&Os across the country have laid off numerous staff members with KCBS and KCAL-TV being no exception. As a result of the budget cuts, roughly 10-15 staffers were released by the duopoly. The 6pm anchor team, Harold Greene and Ann Martin, decided to retire from television news after many years in the business. Greene and Martin (who both also anchored KCAL-TV's 4 p.m. newscast) were slated to have their contracts expire in June, and both were considered for layoffs. Additionally, longtime KCBS reporter Jennifer Sabih, and reporters Greg Phillips and Jennifer Davis were let go by the station.

NewsCentral era[link]

On September 19, 2009, KCBS and KCAL rebranded to the NewsCentral brand (unrelated to Sinclair Broadcasting Group's former "News Central" brand). The slogan was changed to News that's central to your life and was refocused to cover on more community news, including news from outlying communities. Local news headlines from the Los Angeles Newspaper Group and other MediaNews Group newspapers were displayed on the ticker, "street team" submissions of video and photos from viewers were featured, reporters ended stories with NewsCentral rather than the individual station names, and mic flags and news vehicles were branded to show both stations at once (previously the KCBS logo was displayed on half the sides and the KCAL logo on the other half). NewsCentral claimed that it produced more local news than any other television station in the country, with reporters in Ventura County, the Inland Empire, and Orange County, and the only Los Angeles television station with two helicopters (subcontracted to Angel City Air, owned by reporter Larry Welk). Ed Asner was used to introduce the new newscast.^[4] CBS denied that the move was made in response to other stations pooling newsgathering resources.^[5]

However high hopes had been for the new format, the November 2009 "sweeps" ratings showed KCBS lagging behind KABC-TV and KNBC in crucial time periods. On December 10, 2009, after one year in the job, station president Patrick McClenehan resigned and was replaced by Steve Mauldin, who had been overseeing the CBS-owned duopoly in Dallas-Fort Worth. That week, the duopoly ultimately rescinded the NewsCentral branding, reverting to the "CBS2 News" and "KCAL9 News" identities. The NewsCentral graphics, mic flags and logos remained in the interim, though on-air talent no longer used the NewsCentral identity.^[6][7] By spring 2010 the new management had made significant changes to KCBS's news operation. Veteran forecaster Johnny Mountain retired and was replaced by sister KCAL's Jackie Johnson; joining anchor Paul Magers on the lead newscasts was KCAL veteran Pat Harvey. The morning broadcast was also reconfigured, and the newly-renamed "CBS 2 News" was given new graphic design and theme music (both of which were also adopted for all the CBS-owned stations).

Programming[link]

In Los Angeles, national news from the major networks air at 6:30 p.m., an hour later than most West Coast affiliates. This includes the CBS Evening News on KCBS. During the 1980s, the CBS Evening News, NBC Nightly News (broadcast by KNBC) and ABC World News Tonight (broadcast by KABC-TV) aired on their respective stations at 7 p.m. From 1988 to 1999 KCBS aired the CBS Evening News at 5:30 p.m. (the timeslot the newscast typically airs in the Mountain and Central time zones).

KCBS airs The Young and the Restless at 11:30 a.m. Y&R (as it is known by its fans) is currently the highest-rated daytime drama on American television. Most other CBS affiliate stations air Y&R at 11 a.m. in the Pacific, Mountain and Central Time Zones; this shift is owing to the local KCBS newscast that airs at 12 noon.

KCBS carried Wheel of Fortune and Jeopardy! at 7:00 and 7:30 PST from 1989 until 1992, when rival KABC-TV added it to its lineup. Before 1989, both Wheel and Jeopardy! were shown on KCOP-TV. Today the 7 p.m. hour carries Entertainment Tonight and The Insider. Jeopardy! initially aired during the afternoon hours on KCBS in 1984, before KCOP picked it up a year later.

News operation[link]

KCBS had 4 p.m. newscasts from time to time. It was the first in the Southland with a 4:30 pm newscast, that was later expanded to an hour. KCBS dropped its 4 p.m. newscasts in 1998 in favor of the short-lived Howie Mandel Show, which was canceled after only one season, then in 1999, the Woman 2 Woman public affairs show. After the acquisition of now-sister station KCAL-TV, KCBS reintroduced the 4 pm newscast, but now airing exclusively on KCAL-TV. Dr. Phil now airs in the 3 p.m. slot on KCBS.

From 1986 to 1987, KCBS had a 7 p.m. newscast, airing CBS Evening News immediately beforehand at 6:30 p.m. KCBS was also the last station in the Los Angeles area to offer a 6:30 p.m. local newscast, when its 6 p.m. newscast ran for an hour, until KTLA launched one in January 2009.

News/station presentation[link]

Newscast titles[link]

• World News (1938–1948)
• Telenews (1948–1949)
• Fleetwood Lawton & The News (1950–1951)
• World News and KNXT News (1951–1960)
• The Big News (1960–1976, 6:15 p.m. newscast until September 1, 1963; 6 p.m. newscast from September 2, 1963 to 1972)
• The Eleven 0'Clock Report (1961-72)
• 24 Hours (1960–1976, 11 p.m. newscast)
• 2LA Newsroom (1976–1979)
• Channel 2 News (1979–1988)
• Channel 2 Action News (1988–1997)
• CBS 2 News (1997-September 2009 and December 2009–present)
• CBS 2 NewsCentral (September 2009-January 2010)

Entertainment titles[link]

• Panorama Pacific (1952-1964?), 7-9 a.m. Monday through Friday morning show

Host of Panorama Pacific show was Red Rowe

• Two on the Town (1978-1989, hosted by Connie Chung, Steve Edwards, Bob Chandler and Melody Rogers)

Station slogans[link]

• Here's 2 L.A. (1976–1978)
• We're Looking Out for You (1978–1982)
• Here's Looking at 2, Kid (1979-80)
• The Team to Watch (1981–1984; also used by Network Ten in Australia from 1982–1988)
• LA Watches 2 (1987–1988)
• Home of Action News (1988–1991)
• Action News, the One on 2 (1992-93)
• Stand Up and Tell 'em You're From LA (1985–1994; based on Frank Gari's "Turn To" series)
• Bringing Balance Back to Local News (1997–1999)
• The Station of the People (2000–2001)
• CBS 2 is Always On (Web site, 2005-present)
• News That's Central to Your Life (September–December 2009)
• Only CBS 2 (2010–present; localized version of CBS ad campaign)
• Coverage You Can Count On (2011–Present)

On-air staff[link]

The station's former anchors include Connie Chung, Ann Curry, Jerry Dunphy, Ken Jones, Steve Kmetko, Jim Lampley, Dan Miller, Brent Musburger, Pat O'Brien, Keith Olbermann, Maury Povich, Bree Walker, and Paula Zahn. Ken Jones anchored for KTTV and KCBS Weekends, Jerry Dunphy anchored for KNXT/KCBS and KCAL-TV.

Sports director Jim Hill may well be the station's most notable current personality. Hill, a former San Diego Charger was a sportscaster for CBS Sports during his first stint at KNXT/KCBS-TV, from 1976 to 1987. Hill then left to become sports director at KABC-TV, but returned to KCBS-TV in 1992 and has remained sports director at the station since. Other ex-athletes who are also sportscasters for KCBS and KCAL-TV are Eric Dickerson, James Worthy and Eric Karros.

[edit] Current on-air staff^[8]

+ denotes personnel also seen on KCAL-TV
Anchors

• + Serene Branson - weekend mornings (Saturdays 6-8 a.m.; Sundays 6-7 a.m.)
• + Kaj Goldberg - weekend mornings (Saturdays 6-8 a.m.; Sundays 6-7 a.m.); also weather anchor
• + Rick Garcia - weeknights at 6 p.m.
• Pat Harvey - weeknights at 5 and 11 p.m.
• Paul Magers - weeknights at 5 and 11 p.m.
• Kent Shocknek - weekday mornings (4:30-7 a.m.) and 11 a.m.
• + Rob Schmitt - weekends at 5, 6 and 11 p.m.; also weekday reporter
• + Suzie Suh - weekends at 5, 6 and 11 p.m.; also weekday reporter
• Sibila Vargas - weekday mornings (4:30-7 a.m.) and 11 a.m.

' Weather

• Jackie Johnson - weather anchor; weeknights at 5, 6 and 11 p.m.
• Josh Rubinstein (AMS Certified Broadcast Meteorologist and NWA Seals of Approval) - chief meteorologist; weekday mornings (4:30-7 a.m.) and 11 a.m.
• + Kaj Goldberg - weather anchor; weekend mornings (Saturdays 6-8 a.m.; Sundays 6-7 a.m.)
• + Rich Fields - meteorologist; weekends at 5, 6 and 11 p.m.
• Louisa Hodge - meteorologist; fill-in

Sports team

• + Jim Hill - sports director; weeknights at 6 and 11 p.m., also Sports Central host
• + Gary Miller - sports anchor; weekends at 6 and 11 p.m.; also Sports Central co-host

Timesaver Traffic 3D

• Whitney Drolen - weekday morning traffic reporter
• Leyla Gulen - weekday morning traffic reporter; also fill-in

Reporters

• + Joy Benedict - general assignment reporter
• + Dave Bryan - political reporter
• + Amanda Burden - general assignment reporter
• + Stacey Butler - general assignment reporter
• + Mike Dinow - general assignment reporter
• + Whitney Drolen - general assignment reporter
• + Christy Fajardo - general assignment reporter
• + Suraya Fadel - general assignment reporter
• + Juan Fernandez - general assignment reporter
• + Kara Finnstrom - general assignment reporter
• + Michele Gile - Orange County bureau reporter
• + David Goldstein - investigative reporter
• + Louisa Hodge - general assignment reporter
• + Amy Johnson - Ventura County reporter
• + Rachel Kim - general assignment reporter
• + Edward Lawrence - general assignment reporter
• + Kristine Lazar - general assignment reporter
• + Dave Lopez - Orange County bureau reporter
• + Suzanne Marques - entertainment reporter
• + Melissa Maynarich - general assignment reporter
• + Melissa McCarty - general assignment reporter
• + Greg Mills - Inland Empire bureau reporter
• + Jeff Nguyen - general assignment reporter
• + Randy Paige - consumer reporter
• + Rob Schmitt - general assignment reporter
• + Lisa Sigell – health reporter; also fill-in anchor
• + Suzie Suh - general assignment reporter

Sky 2

• + Derek Bell - pilot/reporter
• Mike Case - photographer
• + Aaron Fitzgerald - fill-in pilot/reporter
• + Justin Jaeger - photographer/reporter
• + Gary Lineberry - pilot/reporter
• + Desiree Horton - fill-in reporter

CBSLA.com

• Erik Oginski - managing editor
• Mark Liu - webcaster/assignment editor/blogger
• Jenn McBride - webcaster/web producer

Notable former on-air staff[link]

• Stephanie Abrams - reporter (2010-2012, now social media director for the Los Angeles Unified School District)
• Ross Becker – reporter (1980–1990, now at KUSI in San Diego)
• Jim Castillo - weather anchor (2001–2002, now at KTLA)
• Joel Connable – reporter (now at WTVJ in Miami)
• Laura Diaz - anchor/reporter (2002–2011) (Now With KTTV-TV)
• Linda Douglass – Political reporter (1983–85)^[9] (Later with KNBC, CBS News and ABC News before becoming senior strategist and spokeswoman for the Barack Obama presidential campaign^[10]
• Jerry Dunphy – anchor The Big News Team and KCBS (1960–1975 and 1995–1997), KCAL-TV 9 Original Anchor of Prime 9 News (1990–1994) and returned to KCAL-TV from 1997–2002, deceased 2002)
• Sophia Choi – (formerly with KSNV-DT in Las Vegas)
• Connie Chung – anchor/reporter (1976–1983)
• Ann Curry – reporter (1984–1990, now at NBC News)
• Steve Edwards – weather forecaster/"Two on the Town" host/entertainment reporter (1978–1981; now with KTTV's "Good Day LA")
• Jonathan Elias  - anchor (1997-2002)
• Roy Firestone – sports anchor/reporter (1977–1985)
• Gary Franklin - entertainment reporter (1981-1986)
• David Garcia – anchor/reporter (1983–1986; deceased)
• Harold Greene – anchor (2001–2008)
• Drew Griffin – reporter/anchor (1994–2004, now at CNN)
• Joel Grover – reporter (1996–2002, now at KNBC)
• John Hart - reporter (1962-1965)
• Steve Hartman – feature reporter (1994–1998, now at CBS News)
• Steve Hartman (sportscaster) - (1998-2010, now with KTLA)
• Lester Holt – reporter (1982–1983, now at NBC News)
• David Horowitz – consumer reporter (1993–1998)
• Huell Howser – features reporter (1981–1987, now at [[KCET
• Ken Jones – anchor/reporter (1976–1982; deceased 1993)
• Lisa Joyner – entertainment reporter (2002–2006; now at TV Guide Network)
• Bill Keene – weather anchor/"Keene at Noon" host/traffic reporter (1954–1972 and 1987-1993; was part of "The Big News" team and also worked at KNX-AM, died in 2000)
• Steve Kmetko – reporter/entertainment critic (1980–1992)
• Jim Lampley – news and sports anchor (1987–1992, now at HBO Sports)
• Kelly Lange – "Women 2 Women" host (2000–2001)
• Harvey Levin – legal analyst (1987–1997; now with TMZ.com, TMZ on TV and The People's Court)
• Dorothy Lucey – anchor/reporter (1987–1992; now at KTTV)
• Dave Malkoff - Feature & Sci/Tech Reporter (2007–2010; now with KTLA)
• Mario Machado – consumer affairs reporter/"Noontime" host (1969–1977)
• Rory Markas – sports anchor (1990–1996)- deceased
• Jess Marlow – anchor (1980–1986)
• Ann Martin – (1994–2008)
• Ben McCain reporter (2000) now reporter/host for Time Warner Cable
• Butch McCain reporter (2000) now weeknight weather anchor for KKCO Grand Junction
• Dan Miller – anchor/reporter (1986–1987; was at WSMV-TV in Nashville from 1969–1986 and from 1995 until his death on April 8, 2009 at age 67)
• Jim Moret – entertainment reporter/anchor (1984–1987; now with Inside Edition)
• Byron Miranda - weeknight weather anchor (2002-2005, now with KNBC
• Johnny Mountain - Weeknight Weather Anchor (2005-2010)
• Terry Murphy – anchor/reporter (1980–1984 and 1987–1989)
• Brent Musburger – anchor/sportscaster/reporter (1978-1981, now at ESPN)
• Pat O'Brien – anchor/reporter (1978–1981 and 1986-87, now with KLAC)
• Keith Olbermann – sports anchor (1988–1991)
• Warren Olney – anchor/reporter (1969–1975 and 1986–1989, now with KCRW radio)
• Ross Palombo – reporter (2006), now at CBS News
• Kyra Phillips – reporter/anchor (1995–2000, now at [[HLN (TV network)|CNN Headline News]
• Maury Povich – anchor (1977–1978)
• Clete Roberts – anchor/reporter (1954-1959 and 1966–1973; died in 1984)
• Willa Sandmeyer – reporter (1991–1993)
• Bill Seward – sports anchor (1992–1997, now at KNBC)
• John Schubeck – anchor (1983–1988) (died in 1997)
• Drew Soicher  - sports anchor/reporter (1990-1994); now at KUSA
• David Sheehan – entertainment reporter (1971–1981 and 1994–2003)
• Ralph Story – anchor/features reporter/host of Ralph Story's Los Angeles (1959–1970 and 1978–1986 ("The Big News" team); died in 2006)
• Bill Stout – anchor/reporter/"Perspective" commentator (1954–1960 and 1972–1989 ("The Big News" team); died in 1989)
• Gil Stratton – sports anchor (1954–1966 and 1969-1990, "The Big News" team; died in 2008
• Ruth Ashton Taylor – anchor/reporter (1951–1958 and 1962–1989)
• Tritia Toyota – anchor (1985–2000)
• Bob Tur - helicopter pilot/reporter
• Bree Walker – anchor/reporter (1988–1994; now with KTLK)
• Colleen Williams – anchor/reporter (1983–1986, now with KNBC
• Alex Witt – (1990–1992, now with MSNBC)
• Paula Zahn – anchor/reporter (1986–1987)

News personnel[link]

Station general managers[link]

^[11]
2 Denotes general manager for both KCBS and KCAL

Rebroadcasters[link]

KCBS is rebroadcast on the following translator stations:

• K07IH Baker
• K02HY Ridgecrest
• K33ID-D Ridgecrest
• K15CA Lucerne Valley
• K49DC Twentynine Palms
• K16AA Morongo Valley
• K17GJ Joshua Tree
• K21AC Victorville
• K10IX Newberry Springs

See also[link]

• KNX (AM)
• KCBS-FM
• KCBS-TV/FM Tower

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Photos of KCBS's news set
• KCBS-TV logos and screenshots from 1950s to the present day
• Query the FCC's TV station database for KCBS-TV
• Program Information for KCBS at TitanTV.com

Laura Diaz
Diaz at 2009 LPGA Championship
Personal information
Full name	Laura Philo Diaz
Born	(1975-04-27) April 27, 1975 (age 37) Scotia, New York, U.S.
Height	5 ft 8 in (1.73 m)
Nationality	United States
Spouse	Kevin Diaz (m. 2000)
Children	Robert (b. 2006) Lily (b. 2010)
Career
College	Wake Forest University
Turned professional	1997
Current tour(s)	LPGA Tour (joined 1999)
Former tour(s)	Ladies European Tour (joined 1998)
Professional wins	5
Number of wins by tour
LPGA Tour	2
Futures Tour	3
Best results in LPGA Major Championships
Kraft Nabisco C'ship	T3: 2005
LPGA Championship	2nd: 2001
U.S. Women's Open	T7: 2002
du Maurier Classic	T7: 2000
Women's British Open	T3: 2001
Achievements and awards
Ladies European Tour Rookie of the Year	1998

Laura Diaz (born April 27, 1975) is an American professional golfer.

Diaz was born Laura Philo in Scotia, New York. She won the 1995 North and South Women's Amateur at Pinehurst. In 1996 she won the Eastern Women's Amateur Championship and made it to the quarterfinals of the 1996 U.S. Women's Amateur. A business student at Wake Forest University, Diaz was named the university's 1997 Female Athlete of the Year.

Diaz turned professional in 1997 and spent three years playing on the Futures Tour where she scored three tournament wins. She also played on the Ladies European Tour, where she was rookie of the year in 1998. She joined the LPGA Tour in 1999 and has earned two victories, both coming in the 2002 season when she had ten top-10 finishes. She has played on four Solheim Cup teams (2002, 2003, 2005, 2007).

Prior to 2000, she competed as Laura Philo before marrying her husband, Kevin Diaz, and taking his last name.

Professional wins (5)[link]

LPGA Tour wins (2)[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Winning Score	To par	Margin of victory	Runner-up	Winner's share ($)
1	Mar 24, 2002	Welch's/Circle K Championship	67-67-68-68=270	-18	1 stroke	Juli Inkster	120,000
2	May 26, 2002	LPGA Corning Classic	66-69-69-70=274	-14	2 strokes	Rosie Jones	150,000

Futures Tour wins (3)[link]

• 1997 Weston Hills FUTURES Classic
• 1998 SunTrust FUTURES Classic, Eaglebrooke FUTURES Championship

External links[link]

• Laura Diaz at the LPGA Tour official site

Laura Diaz in the Solheim Cup v t e United States Solheim Cup team – 2002 Beth Daniel  • Laura Diaz  • Pat Hurst  • Juli Inkster  • Rosie Jones  • Cristie Kerr  • Emilee Klein  • Kelli Kuehne  • Meg Mallon  • Michele Redman  • Kelly Robbins  • Wendy Ward Patty Sheehan (non-playing captain) Won: 15.5 – 12.5 v t e United States Solheim Cup team – 2003 Heather Bowie  • Beth Daniel  • Laura Diaz  • Juli Inkster  • Rosie Jones  • Cristie Kerr  • Kelli Kuehne  • Meg Mallon  • Michele Redman  • Kelly Robbins  • Angela Stanford  • Wendy Ward Patty Sheehan (non-playing captain) Lost: 10.5 – 17.5 v t e United States Solheim Cup team – 2005 Paula Creamer  • Beth Daniel  • Laura Diaz  • Natalie Gulbis  • Pat Hurst  • Juli Inkster  • Rosie Jones  • Cristie Kerr  • Christina Kim  • Meg Mallon  • Michele Redman  • Wendy Ward Donna Caponi (non-playing assistant captain)  • Nancy Lopez (non-playing captain) Won: 15.5 – 12.5 v t e United States Solheim Cup team – 2007 Nicole Castrale  • Paula Creamer  • Laura Diaz  • Natalie Gulbis  • Pat Hurst  • Juli Inkster  • Cristie Kerr  • Brittany Lincicome  • Stacy Prammanasudh  • Morgan Pressel  • Angela Stanford  • Sherri Steinhauer Beth Daniel (non-playing assistant captain)  • Betsy King (non-playing captain) Won: 16 – 12

The topic of this article may not meet Wikipedia's notability guideline for biographies. Please help to establish notability by adding reliable, secondary sources about the topic. If notability cannot be established, the article is likely to be merged, redirected, or deleted. (October 2008)

Drew Soicher ( /ˈsɔɪʃər/), the evening sports reporter for KUSA-TV, joined KUSA in January 2000. He was born in Brooklyn, New York and has a bobblehead doll museum in his basement. In fact, he owns more than 500 of the spring-loaded figures. He also coaches The Mighty Bobbleheads Little League baseball team. Before working at KUSA, he worked at KPIX-TV in San Francisco. Before that, he worked at Tampa's WFTS-TV from 1994 to 1998. His brother is Marc Soicher, who worked at KWGN-TV until June, 2008.

References[link]

• Biography page from KUSA-TV

This biographical article related to television journalism in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Karl Rove
Official portrait
White House Deputy Chief of Staff
In office February 8, 2005 – August 31, 2007 Served with Joe Hagin and Joel Kaplan
President	George W. Bush
Preceded by	Harriet Miers
Succeeded by	Joel Kaplan
Senior Advisor to the President
In office January 20, 2001 – August 31, 2007
President	George W. Bush
Deputy	Barry Jackson
Succeeded by	Barry Jackson
Personal details
Born	Karl Christian Rove (1950-12-25) December 25, 1950 (age 61) Denver, Colorado
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Valerie Mather Wainwright (m. 1976–1980) «start: (1976)–end+1: (1981)»"Marriage: Valerie Mather Wainwright to Karl Rove" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Karl_Rove) (divorced) Darby Tara Hickson (m. 1986–2009) «start: (1986)–end+1: (2010)»"Marriage: Darby Tara Hickson to Karl Rove" Location: (linkback:http://en-wiki.pop.wn.com/index.php/Karl_Rove) (divorced)
Children	Andrew Madison Rove
Alma mater	University of Utah University of Texas-Austin University of Maryland, College Park George Mason University
Occupation	Political Consultant
Website	http://www.rove.com

Karl Christian Rove (born December 25, 1950) was Senior Advisor and Deputy Chief of Staff to former President George W. Bush until Rove's resignation on August 31, 2007. He has headed the Office of Political Affairs, the Office of Public Liaison, and the White House Office of Strategic Initiatives. Since leaving the White House, Rove has worked as a political analyst and contributor for Fox News, Newsweek and The Wall Street Journal.

Prior to his White House appointments, Rove was a Republican political consultant and strategist. He is credited with the 1994 and 1998 Texas gubernatorial victories of George W. Bush, as well as Bush's 2000 and 2004 successful presidential campaigns. In his 2004 victory speech Bush referred to Rove as "the Architect". Rove has also been credited for the successful campaigns of John Ashcroft (1994 U.S. Senate election), Bill Clements (1986 Texas gubernatorial election), Senator John Cornyn (2002 U.S. Senate election), Governor Rick Perry (1990 Texas Agriculture Commission election), and Phil Gramm (1982 U.S. House and 1984 U.S. Senate elections).

Early years[link]

Family, upbringing, early education[link]

Rove was born in Denver, Colorado, the second of five children, and was later raised in Sparks, Nevada. His biological father left the family when Rove and his older brother were children. His mother, Reba Louise (née Wood), was a gift shop manager, and his mother's second husband, Louis Claude Rove, Jr. (1928–2004), who adopted him^[1] and whom Rove knew as his father, was a geologist whose ancestry was Norwegian.^[2][3]

In 1965, his family moved to Salt Lake City, where Rove entered high school, becoming a skilled debater.^[4] Rove described his high school years as "I was the complete nerd. I had the briefcase. I had the pocket protector. I wore Hush Puppies when they were not cool. I was the thin, scrawny little guy. I was definitely uncool." Encouraged by a teacher to run for class senate, Rove won the election. As part of his campaign strategy he rode in the back of a convertible inside the school gymnasium sitting between two attractive girls before his election speech.^[5] While at Olympus High School,^[6] he was elected student council president his junior and senior years. Rove was also a Teenage Republican and served as Chairman of the Utah Federation of Teenage Republicans.

Entry into politics[link]

Rove began his involvement in American politics in 1968. In a 2002 Deseret News interview, Rove explained, "I was the Olympus High chairman for (former United States Senator) Wallace F. Bennett's re-election campaign, where he was opposed by the dynamic, young, aggressive political science professor at the University of Utah, J.D. Williams."^[7] Bennett was reelected to a third six-year term in November 1968. Through Rove's campaign involvement, Bennett's son, Bob Bennett — a future United States Senator from Utah — would become a friend. Williams would later become a mentor to Rove.

In December 1969, the man Rove had known as his father left the family, and divorced Rove's mother soon afterwards.^[8][9] After his parents' divorce, Rove learned from his aunt and uncle that the man who had raised him was not his biological father; both he and his older brother Eric were the children of another man. Rove has expressed great love and admiration for his adoptive father and for "how selfless" his love had been.^[10] On September 11, 1981, Rove's mother committed suicide in Reno, Nevada.^[11]

College and the Dixon campaign incident[link]

In the fall of 1969, Rove entered the University of Utah, on a $1,000 scholarship,^[12] as a political science major and joined the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. Through the University's Hinckley Institute of Politics, he got an internship with the Utah Republican Party. That position, and contacts from the 1968 Bennett campaign, helped him land a job in 1970 on Ralph Tyler Smith's unsuccessful re-election campaign for Senate from Illinois against Democrat Adlai E. Stevenson III.

In the fall of 1970, Rove used a false identity to enter the campaign office of Democrat Alan J. Dixon, who was running for Treasurer of Illinois. He stole 1000 sheets of paper with campaign letterhead, printed fake campaign rally fliers promising "free beer, free food, girls and a good time for nothing", and distributed them at rock concerts and homeless shelters, with the effect of disrupting Dixon's rally. (Dixon eventually won the election). Rove's role would not become publicly known until August 1973. Rove told the Dallas Morning News in 1999, "It was a youthful prank at the age of 19 and I regret it."^[13] In his memoir, Rove wrote that when he was later nominated to the Board for International Broadcasting by President George H.W. Bush, Senator Dixon did not kill his nomination. In Rove's account, "Dixon displayed more grace than I had shown and kindly excused this youthful prank."^[14]

College Republicans, Watergate, and the Bushes[link]

In June 1971, after the end of the semester, Rove dropped out of the University of Utah to take a paid position as the Executive Director of the College Republican National Committee. Joe Abate, who was National Chairman of the College Republicans at the time, became a mentor to Rove.^[10] He enrolled at the University of Maryland in College Park in the Fall of 1971, but withdrew from classes during the first half of the semester.^[15]

Rove traveled extensively, participating as an instructor at weekend seminars for campus conservatives across the country. He was an active participant in Richard Nixon's 1972 Presidential campaign. A CBS report on the organization of the Nixon campaign from June 1972 includes an interview with a young Rove working for the College Republican National Committee.^{[citation needed]}

Rove held the position of executive director of the College Republicans until early 1973. He left the job to spend five months, without pay, campaigning full time for the position of national chairman of the organization, for the 1973-1975 term in the same years he attended George Mason University.^[10] Lee Atwater, the group's Southern regional coordinator, who was two months younger than Rove, managed Rove's campaign. The two spent the spring of 1973 crisscrossing the country in a Ford Pinto, lining up the support of Republican state chairs.

The College Republicans summer 1973 convention at the Lake of the Ozarks resort in Missouri was quite contentious. Rove's opponent was Robert Edgeworth of Michigan (the other major candidate, Terry Dolan of California, dropped out, supporting Edgeworth). A number of states had sent two competing delegates, because Rove and his supporters had made credentials challenges at state and regional conventions. For example, after the Midwest regional convention, Rove forces had produced a version of the Midwestern College Republicans constitution which differed significantly from the constitution that the Edgeworth forces were using, in order to justify the unseating of the Edgeworth delegates on procedural grounds,^[10] including delegations, such as Ohio and Missouri, which had been certified earlier by Rove himself. In the end, there were two votes, conducted by two convention chairs, and two winners — Rove and Edgeworth, each of whom delivered an acceptance speech. After the convention, both Edgeworth and Rove appealed to Republican National Committee Chairman George H. W. Bush, each contending that he was the new College Republican chairman.

While resolution was pending, Dolan went (anonymously) to the Washington Post with recordings of several training seminars for young Republicans where a co-presenter of Rove's, Bernie Robinson, cautioned against doing the same thing he had done: rooting through opponents' garbage cans. The tape with this story on it, as well as Rove's admonition not to copy similar tricks as Rove's against Dixon, was secretly recorded and edited by Rich Evans, who had hoped to receive an appointment from Rove's competitor in CRNC chairmanship race.^[16] On August 10, 1973, in the midst of the Watergate scandal, the Post broke the story in article titled "GOP Party Probes Official as Teacher of Tricks".^[17]

In response, then RNC Chairman George H.W. Bush had an FBI agent question Rove. As part of the investigation, Atwater signed an affidavit, dated August 13, 1973, stating that he had heard a "20 minute anecdote similar to the one described in the Washington Post" in July 1972, but that "it was a funny story during a coffee break".^[18] Former Nixon White House Counsel John Dean, who was implicated in the Watergate break-in and became the star witness for the prosecution, has been quoted as saying "based on my review of the files, it appears the Watergate prosecutors were interested in Rove's activities in 1972, but because they had bigger fish to fry they did not aggressively investigate him."^[19]

On September 6, 1973, three weeks after announcing his intent to investigate the allegations against Rove, George H.W. Bush chose Rove to be chairman of the College Republicans. Bush then wrote Edgeworth a letter saying that he had concluded that Rove had fairly won the vote at the convention. Edgeworth wrote back, asking about the basis of that conclusion. Not long after that, Edgeworth stated "Bush sent me back the angriest letter I have ever received in my life. I had leaked to the Washington Post, and now I was out of the Party forever."

As National Chairman, Rove introduced Bush to Atwater, who had taken Rove's job as the College Republican's executive director, and who would become Bush's main campaign strategist in future years. Bush hired Rove as a special assistant in the Republican National Committee, a job Rove left in 1974 to become executive assistant to the co-chair of the RNC, Richard D. Obenshain.

As special assistant, Rove also performed small personal tasks for Bush. In November 1973, Bush asked Rove to take a set of car keys to his son George W. Bush, who was visiting home during a break from Harvard Business School. It was the first time the two met. "Huge amounts of charisma, swagger, cowboy boots, flight jacket, wonderful smile, just charisma - you know, wow", Rove recalled years later.^[17]

The Texas years and notable political campaigns[link]

1977–1991[link]

Rove's initial job in Texas was as a legislative aide for Fred Agnich, a Texas state representative, in Agnich's Dallas office. Later in 1977, Rove got a job as executive director of the Fund for Limited Government, a political action committee (PAC) in Houston headed by James A. Baker, a Houston lawyer (later President George H.W. Bush's Secretary of State). The PAC eventually became the genesis of the Bush-for-President campaign of 1979–1980.

His work for William Clements during the Texas gubernatorial election of 1978 helped Clements become the first Republican Governor of Texas in over 100 years. Clements was elected to a four-year term, succeeding Democrat Dolph Briscoe. Rove was deputy director of the Governor William P. Clements Junior Committee in 1979 and 1980, and deputy executive assistant to the governor of Texas (roughly, Deputy Chief of Staff) in 1980 and 1981.^[20]

In 1981, Rove founded a direct mail consulting firm, Karl Rove & Co., in Austin. The firm's first clients included Texas Governor Bill Clements and Democratic congressman Phil Gramm, who later became a Republican congressman and United States Senator. Rove operated his consulting business until 1999, when he sold the firm to take a full-time position in George W. Bush's presidential campaign.

Between 1981 and 1999, Rove worked on hundreds of races. Most were in a supporting role, doing direct mail fundraising. A November 2004 Atlantic Monthly article estimated that he was the primary strategist for 41 statewide, congressional, and national races, and Rove's candidates won 34 races.^[21]

Rove also did work during those years for non-political clients. From 1991 to 1996, Rove advised tobacco giant Philip Morris, and ultimately earned $3,000 a month via a consulting contract. In a deposition, Rove testified that he severed the tie in 1996 because he felt awkward "about balancing that responsibility with his role as Bush's top political advisor" while Bush was governor of Texas and Texas was suing the tobacco industry.^[22]

1978 George W. Bush congressional campaign[link]

Rove advised the younger Bush during his unsuccessful Texas congressional campaign in 1978.

1980 George H. W. Bush presidential campaign[link]

In 1977, Rove was the first person hired by George H. W. Bush for his unsuccessful 1980 presidential campaign, which ended with Bush as the vice-presidential nominee.

1982 William Clements, Jr. gubernatorial campaign[link]

In 1982, Bill Clements ran for reelection, but was defeated by Democrat Mark White.

1982 Phil Gramm congressional campaign[link]

In 1982, Phil Gramm was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives as a conservative Texas Democrat.

1984 Phil Gramm senatorial campaign[link]

In 1984, Rove helped Gramm, who had become a Republican in 1983, defeat Republican Ron Paul in the primary and Democrat Lloyd Doggett in the race for U.S. Senate.

1984 Ronald Reagan presidential campaign[link]

Rove handled direct-mail for the Reagan-Bush campaign.

1986 William Clements, Jr. gubernatorial campaign[link]

In 1986, Rove helped Clements become governor a second time. In a strategy memo Rove wrote for his client prior to the race, now among Clements's papers in the Texas A&M University library, Rove quoted Napoleon: "The whole art of war consists in a well-reasoned and extremely circumspect defensive, followed by rapid and audacious attack."

In 1986, just before a crucial debate in campaign, Rove claimed that his office had been bugged by Democrats. The police and FBI investigated and discovered that the bug's battery was so small that it needed to be changed every few hours, and the investigation was dropped.^[23] Critics, including other Republican operatives, suspected Rove had bugged his own office to garner sympathy votes in the close governor's race.^[24]

1988 Texas Supreme Court races[link]

In 1988, Rove helped Thomas R. Phillips become the first Republican elected as Chief Justice of the Texas Supreme Court. Phillips had been appointed to the position in November 1987 by Clements. Phillips was re-elected in 1990, 1996 and 2002.

Phillips' election in 1988 was part of an aggressive grassroots campaign called "Clean Slate '88", a conservative effort that was successful in getting five of its six candidates elected. (Ordinarily there were three justices on the ballot each year, on a nine-justice court, but, because of resignations, there were six races for the Supreme Court on the ballot in November 1988.) By 1998, Republicans held all nine seats on the Court.

1990 Texas gubernatorial campaign[link]

In 1989, Rove encouraged George W. Bush to run for Texas governor, brought in experts to tutor him on policy, and introduced him to local reporters. Eventually, Bush decided not to run, and Rove backed another Republican for governor who lost in the primary.

Other 1990 Texas statewide races[link]

In 1990, two other Rove candidates won: Rick Perry, the future governor of the state, became agricultural commissioner, and Kay Bailey Hutchison became state treasurer.

One notable aspect of the 1990 election was the charge that Rove had asked the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to investigated major Democratic officeholders in Texas. In his autobiography, Rove called the whole thing a "myth", saying:

• The FBI did investigate Texas officials during that span, but I had nothing to do with it. The investigation was called "Brilab" and was part of a broad anticorruption probe that looked at officials in Louisiana, Oklahoma, Los Angelele, and Washington, D.C., as well as Texas. ... An official for the U.S. Department of Agriculture spotted expenses claimed by Hightower's shop that raised red flags ... enough to indict some of Hightower's top aides; they were later found guilty and sent to prison.
• The myth that I had something to do both with spurring the investigation and with airing all of this has stuck around because it is convenient for some to blame me rather than those aides who ran afoul of the law. [1]

1991 Richard L. Thornburgh senatorial campaign and lawsuit[link]

In 1991, United States Attorney General Dick Thornburgh resigned to run for a Senate seat in Pennsylvania, one made vacant by John Heinz's death in a helicopter crash. Rove's company worked for the campaign, but it ended with an upset loss to Democrat Harris Wofford. Rove subsequently sued Thornburgh alleging non-payment for services rendered. The Republican National Committee, worried that the suit would make it hard to recruit good candidates, urged Rove to back off. When Rove refused, the RNC hired Kenneth Starr to write an amicus brief on Thornburgh's behalf. After a trial in Austin, Rove prevailed.^[10] Karl Rove & Co. v. Thornburgh was heard by U.S. Federal Judge Sam Sparks (who had been appointed by George H.W. Bush in 1991).

1992 George H. W. Bush presidential campaign[link]

Rove was fired from the 1992 Bush presidential campaign after he planted a negative story with columnist Robert Novak about dissatisfaction with campaign fundraising chief Robert Mosbacher Jr. (Esquire Magazine, January 2003). Novak provided some evidence of motive in his column describing the firing of Mosbacher by former Senator Phil Gramm: "Also attending the session was political consultant Karl Rove, who had been shoved aside by Mosbacher." Novak and Rove deny that Rove was the leaker, but Mosbacher maintained that "Rove is the only one with a motive to leak this. We let him go. I still believe he did it."^[25] During testimony before the CIA leak grand jury, Rove apparently confirmed his prior involvement with Novak in the 1992 campaign leak, according to National Journal reporter Murray Waas.^[26]

1993–2000[link]

1993 Kay Bailey Hutchison senatorial campaign Rove helped Hutchison win a special Senate election in June 1993. Hutchison defeated Democrat Bob Krueger to fill the last two years of Lloyd Bentsen's term. Bentsen resigned to become Secretary of the Treasury in the Clinton administration.

1994 Alabama Supreme Court races In 1994, a group called the Business Council of Alabama hired Rove to help run a slate of Republican candidates for the state supreme court. No Republican had been elected to that court in more than a century. The campaign by the Republicans was unprecedented in the state, which had previously only seen low-key contests. After the election, a court battle over absentee and other ballots followed that lasted more than 11 months. It ended when a federal appeals court judge ruled that disputed absentee ballots could not be counted, and ordered the Alabama Secretary of State to certify the Republican candidate for Chief Justice, Perry Hooper, as the winner. An appeal to the Supreme Court by the Democratic candidate was turned down within a few days, making the ruling final. Hooper won by 262 votes.

Another candidate, Harold See, ran against Mark Kennedy, an incumbent Democratic justice and the son-in-law of George Wallace. The race included charges that Kennedy was mingling campaign funds with those of a non-profit children's foundation he was involved with. A former Rove staffer reported that some within the See camp initiated a whisper campaign that Kennedy was a pedophile.^[21] Kennedy won by less than one percentage point.

1994 John Ashcroft senatorial campaign In 1993, according to the New York Times, Karl Rove & Company was paid $300,000 in consulting fees by Ashcroft's successful 1994 Senate campaign. Ashcroft paid Rove's company more than $700,000 over the course of three campaigns.

1994 George W. Bush gubernatorial campaign In 1993, Rove began advising George W. Bush in his successful campaign to become governor of Texas. Bush announced his candidacy in November 1993. By January 1994, Bush had spent more than $600,000 on the race against incumbent Democrat Ann Richards, with $340,000 of that paid to Rove's firm.

Rove has been accused of using the push poll technique to call voters to ask such things as whether people would be "more or less likely to vote for Governor Richards if [they] knew her staff is dominated by lesbians". Rove has denied having been involved in circulating these rumors about Richards during the campaign,^[27] although many critics nonetheless identify this technique, particularly as utilized in this instance against Richards, as a hallmark of his career.^[28][29][30]

1996 Harold See's campaign for Associate Justice, Alabama Supreme Court A former campaign worker charged that, at Rove's behest, he distributed flyers that anonymously attacked Harold See, their own client. This put the opponent's campaign in an awkward position; public denials of responsibility for the scurrilous flyers would be implausible. Rove's client was elected.^{[citation needed]}

1998 George W. Bush gubernatorial campaign Rove was an adviser for Bush's 1998 reelection campaign. From July through December 1998, Bush's reelection committee paid Rove & Co. nearly $2.5 million, and also paid the Rove-owned Praxis List Company $267,000 for use of mailing lists. Rove says his work for the Bush campaign included direct mail, voter contact, phone banks, computer services, and travel expenses. Of the $2.5 million, Rove said, "[a]bout 30 percent of that is postage". In all, Bush (primarily through Rove's efforts) raised $17.7 million, with $3.4 million unspent as of March 1999.^[31] During the course of this campaign Rove's much-reported feud with Rick Perry began, with Perry's strategists believing Rove gave Perry bad advice in order to help Bush get a larger share of the Hispanic vote.^[32]

2000 Harold See campaign for Chief Justice For the race to succeed Perry Hooper, who was retiring as Alabama's chief justice, Rove lined up support for See from a majority of the state's important Republicans.^[21]

2000 George W. Bush presidential campaign and the sale of Karl Rove & Co.[link]

In early 1999, Rove sold his 20-year-old direct-mail business, Karl Rove & Co., which provided campaign services to candidates, along with Praxis List Company (in whole or part) to Ted Delisi and Todd Olsen, two young political operatives who had worked on campaigns of some other Rove candidates. Rove helped finance the sale of the company, which had 11 employees. Selling Karl Rove & Co. was a condition that George W. Bush had insisted on before Rove took the job of chief strategist for Bush's presidential bid.^[22]

George W. Bush Administration[link]

Rove with George W. and Laura Bush

When George W. Bush was first inaugurated in January 2001, Rove accepted an appointment as Senior Advisor. He was later given the title Deputy Chief of Staff to the President after the successful 2004 Presidential election. In a November 2004 speech, Bush publicly thanked Rove, calling him "the architect" of his victory over John Kerry in the 2004 presidential election.^[33]

In April 2006, Rove was reassigned from his policy development role to one focusing on strategic and tactical planning in anticipation of the November 2006 congressional elections.^[34]

Rove resigned from his position effective August 31, 2007. Bush hugged his old friend saying, "Karl Rove is moving on down the road ... I'll be on the road behind you here in a little bit."^[35]

Activities since leaving the White House[link]

This article or section may be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective. (October 2010)

Shortly after leaving the White House, Rove was hired to write about the 2008 Presidential Election for Newsweek.^[36] He was also later hired as a contributor for the Wall Street Journal and a political analyst for Fox News. Rove was an informal advisor to 2008 Republican Presidential candidate John McCain, and donated $2,300 to his campaign.^[37] His memoir, Courage and Consequence, was published in March 2010.^[38] One advance reviewer, Dana Milbank of The Washington Post, said of the book that Rove "revives claims discredited long ago".^[39] The controversial book has inspired a grassroots rock and roll compilation of a similar name Courage and Consequence^[40] that was released a week before the memoir.

Rove has also spent significant time on the road giving speeches to schools and other groups. Rove was scheduled to give the commencement address at Choate Rosemary Hall, a New England boarding school, but canceled after protests from students and faculty.^[41] He instead made a private appearance at the school on February 11, 2008.^[42]

On March 9, 2008, Rove appeared at the University of Iowa as a paid speaker to a crowd of approximately 1,000. He was met with hostility and two students were removed by police after attempting a citizen's arrest for alleged crimes committed during his time with the Bush administration. Near the end of the speech, a member of the audience asked, "Can we have our $40,000 back?" Rove replied, "No, you can't."^[43]

On May 22, 2008, Rove was subpoenaed by House Judiciary Committee Chairman John Conyers to testify on the politicization of the Department of Justice. However, on July 10, Rove refused to acknowledge his congressional subpoena citing executive privilege as his reason.^[44][45]

On June 24, 2008, Rove said of Democratic presidential nominee Barack Obama, "Even if you never met him, you know this guy. He's the guy at the country club with the beautiful date, holding a martini and a cigarette that stands against the wall and makes snide comments about everyone."^[46]

Rove agreed to debate one-time presidential candidate and former Senator John Edwards on September 26, 2008, at the University at Buffalo.^[47] However, Edwards dropped out and was replaced with General Wesley Clark.^[48]

Rove, who was hired by Fox News to provide analysis for the network's election coverage, defended his role on the news team to the Television Critics Association.^[49]

On November 3, 2008, Rove spoke on the campus of Washington University in St. Louis on the eve of Election Day.

On February 23, 2009, Rove was again required by Congressional subpoena to testify before the House Judiciary Committee concerning his knowledge of the U.S. Attorney firings and the alleged political prosecution of former Alabama Governor Don Siegelman but did not appear on this date. He and former White House Counsel Harriet Miers later agreed to testify under oath before Congress about these matters.^[50]

On July 7 and July 30, 2009, Rove testified before the House Judiciary Committee regarding questions about the dismissal of seven U.S. Attorneys under the Bush Administration. Rove was also questioned regarding the federal prosecution of former Alabama Governor Don Siegleman, who was convicted of fraud. The Committee concluded that Rove had played a significant role in the attorney firings.^{[citation needed]} No conclusions were made public regarding Siegleman's prosecution.^[51][52] Siegleman's supporters have claimed that Rove was behind Siegleman's prosecution,^[53] although Siegleman's defense made no such claim either at his original trial, or at his appeal before the 11th Circuit Court which upheld his conviction on the bribery and fraud counts, but dismissed two counts of mail fraud.^[54] The 11th Circuit handed down its decision March 6, 2009.^[52]

In 2010, Rove became an advisor to American Crossroads, a Republican 527 organization raising money in competition with the Republican National Committee.^[55]

Also, Rove made appearances at a number of campuses, including UC Merced on October 8 as conservatives students, in the College Republicans at UC Merced, sought to provide an alternative perspective since First Lady Michelle Obama and Former President Jimmy Carter spoke at the young campus.^[56]

Rove was the guest host of The Rush Limbaugh Show on Monday, August 9, 2010.,^[57] marking his first time hosting a radio talk show.

In a profile which appeared in the December 15, 2011 issue of The New Republic, Rove, with his hands-on involvement with American Crossroads, is described as one of the shrewdest navigators of the political climate after the Supreme Court's Citizens United decision which exempted political broadcasts funded by corporations and unions from campaign finance limits. "Rove had no role in creating this new legal environment...but if Rove and his allies did not invent it, they certainly were adroit at exploiting it."^[58]

Personal life[link]

Rove married Houston socialite Valerie Mather Wainwright, on July 10, 1976. He moved to Texas in January 1977. His sister and father still remembered "the wedding [that] was so extravagant that [we] ... still recall it with awe".^[59] Rove and Wainwright were divorced in early 1980; she was 26 and he 29.^[60] He attended the University of Texas at Austin in 1977; he still lacked a degree. In July 1999 he told The Washington Post that he did not have a degree because "I lack at this point one math class, which I can take by exam, and my foreign language requirement."^[13]

In January 1986, Rove married Darby Tara Hickson.^[13] She is a breast cancer survivor, a graphic designer, and former employee of Karl Rove & Co. Their son, Andrew Madison Rove (b. 1989), is an undergraduate at Trinity University in San Antonio, Texas.

In December 2009 it was reported that Rove and Hickson had been granted a divorce in Texas.^[61] Dana Perino, Rove's spokesperson, said: "Karl Rove and his wife, Darby, were granted a divorce last week. The couple came to the decision mutually and amicably, and they maintain a close relationship and a strong friendship. There will be no further comment and the family requests that its privacy be respected."^[61].

Rove left Texas after Bush was elected President in late 2000. He currently resides in Washington, D.C.

References[link]

External links[link]

Find more about Karl Rove on Wikipedia's sister projects:
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	Quotations from Wikiquote
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• Official website
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Karl Rove at the Internet Movie Database
• Karl Rove on Charlie Rose
• Works by or about Karl Rove in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Karl Rove collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Karl Rove collected news and commentary at The Wall Street Journal
• Karl Rove -- The Architect, Frontline documentary on PBS
• Karl Rove at the Open Directory Project

Amelia Earhart
Amelia Earhart, c. 1935
Born	(1897-07-24)July 24, 1897 Atchison, Kansas, U.S.
Disappeared	July 2, 1937 (aged 39) Pacific Ocean, en route to Howland Island
Status	Declared dead in absentia January 5, 1939(1939-01-05) (aged 41)
Nationality	American
Known for	First woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean and setting many aviation records.
Spouse	George P. Putnam
Signature	150px

Amelia Mary Earhart (/ˈɛərhɑrt/ AIR-hart; July 24, 1897 – disappeared 1937) was a noted American aviation pioneer and author.^{[1] [N 1]} Earhart was the first woman to receive the U.S. Distinguished Flying Cross,^[3] awarded for becoming the first aviatrix to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean.^[4] She set many other records,^[2] wrote best-selling books about her flying experiences and was instrumental in the formation of The Ninety-Nines, an organization for female pilots.^[5] Earhart joined the faculty of the Purdue University aviation department in 1935 as a visiting faculty member to counsel women on careers and help inspire others with her love for aviation. She was also a member of the National Woman's Party, and an early supporter of the Equal Rights Amendment.

During an attempt to make a circumnavigational flight of the globe in 1937 in a Purdue-funded Lockheed Model 10 Electra, Earhart disappeared over the central Pacific Ocean near Howland Island. Fascination with her life, career and disappearance continues to this day.^{[N 2]}