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The Manila Times is the oldest existing English language newspaper in the Philippines. It is published daily by The Manila Times Publishing Corp. with editorial and administrative offices at 371 A. Bonifacio Drive, Port Area, Manila.

It was founded on October 11, 1898, shortly after news that the Treaty of Paris would be signed, ending the Spanish-American War and transferring the Philippines from Spanish to American sovereignty. It presently bills itself as the fourth-largest newspaper in the Philippines in terms of circulation, beating the Manila Standard Today but still behind the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the Manila Bulletin and the Philippine Star.

The current publisher and editor-in-chief is Fred de la Rosa.

History[link]

The city was in the midst of an uneasy peace and on the brink of another war when the paper named after it—The Manila Times—first hit the streets on October 11, 1898. Just a little over three weeks earlier, the President of the First Philippine Republic, Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo, had been forced to move out of his headquarters in Bacoor, Cavite, on orders of the commander of the American occupation forces (who had won the battle of Manila Bay on August 13 of that year). So to Malolos, Bulacan, trooped Aguinaldo and his followers to open the Revolutionary Congress on September 15.

A fortnight later, all roads again led to Malolos, now the capital of the Republic, where Congress had ratified the proclamation of independence made in Kawit, Cavite, on June 12 of that year. Congress declared September 29 "a public holiday in perpetuity".

In his book Manila, My Manila, National Artist for Literature Nick Joaquin writes that during those times, while the Filipinos had their attention focused on what was going on in Malolos, the Americans had their eyes glued to what was going on in Paris. The Constitution of the Philippines was finished and approved on November 29, 1898—"but much good it did us in convincing the peace conference in Paris that we were already a sovereign nation."

October 11, 1898, was still less than four months away from the first shot in San Juan that would signal the start of open hostilities between the Filipino revolutionaries and the American occupation forces. But the air of mistrust between the "liberated" brown-skinned Orientals and their new colonial masters was very thick, particularly in Manila and its surrounding provinces. Against this backdrop The Manila Times was born.

Luis Serrano, in his History of The Manila Times, writes that on October 11, 1898, shortly after news was received in Manila that the Paris Conference had started and would finally approve the treaty that would transfer the Philippines from Spanish to American sovereignty, Thomas Gowan, an Englishman who had lived in the islands for sometime, published The Manila Times to meet the demand for an American paper in Manila. The demand, of course, came mainly from the men of the United States Army who had occupied Manila.

Gowan hired a small printing press, Chofre y Compania, to put out the paper. The press was located on Calle Alix, now Legarda Street in Sampaloc. The paper, however, had a downtown office on the Escolta.

Maiden issue[link]

The first issue of The Manila Times had a sheet of two leaves, or four pages, measuring about 12 by 8 inches, each page divided into two columns. The first page was taken up by announcements and advertisements. Page 2 was the editorial page. It contained the editorials and the more important news of the day. Page 3 was devoted to cable news from Europe and the United States all bearing on the Spanish-American War.

The first editorial read:

"Since the United States forces have been in the Philippines, there has been a keen demand for an American newspaper here with a daily supply of American news. Several schemes have been talked about, but we have come to nothing. We have not talked about The Manila Times but we have been working, and hoped to complete the arrangements in a few days. Now we have the news of such importance that we feel compelled to publish it promptly, instead of holding it back until completion of our plans. The Manila public will readily see that news in this issue [is] of such a nature as to demand immediate publication, and to excuse defects in the manner of publishing. What The manila times lacks in quantity, it makes up in quality, today at any rate. We have made arrangements for a daily service of telegrams from the United States, and we undertake to continue that as long as the public desires. We cannot guarantee to provide as great a piece of news each day as we give today, for Paris Conferences do not sit often, and the United States does not acquire territories every day."

Factually speaking, the issue of the Times on October 11, 1898, was not the first. The day before, a bulletin entitled The Manila Times and datelined October 10, 1898, appeared in the streets of Manila. The bulletin carried the first press cable in English received in the Philippines. It dealt with the convening of the Paris Conference to end the Spanish-American War.

The Manila Times for a long time had this motto under its flag: "Pioneer American daily in the Far East." Underneath was the claim: "Published every day since 1898." The statement was true, and remained so until the paper burned down in 1928. The Manila Times was the first newspaper in the English language ever published in this part of the world, not excepting China and Japan. The paper also came out every day of the week and, at a certain period in its life, had two issues—a noon and an afternoon edition.

Native papers[link]

Before The Times was born, several native papers were already in existence written in Spanish, and most of them were nationalistic and revolutionary.

By way of comparison, the Manila Daily Bulletin was founded on February 1, 1900, by H.G. Farris and Carson Taylor. The Manila Times had been coming out for nearly a year and a half before the Bulletin appeared. The Cablenews-American was the result of a consolidation of the Cablenews and The American in 1908. The Cablenews appeared in 1902, and was owned and edited by Israel Putnam, a US Army. The American came out on October 17, 1898, about a week after The Manila Times appeared, and was published by F.J. Berry and edited by William Crozier. In or about 1905 the Cablenews was published and edited by Frederick O’Brien, who later leased it to J.F. Boomer. O’Brien joined The Manila Times in 1907.

The only American publications antedating The Manila Times were The Bounding Billow, a tabloid printed on Admiral Dewey's flagship Olympia by two sailors after the destruction of the Spanish fleet; the Official Gazette, an occupation paper which appeared on August 23, 1898, 10 days after Manila surrendered to the Americans; and The American Soldier, which came out on September 10, 1898.

The Bounding Billow had only one issue devoted to the Battle of Manila Bay. The American Soldier stopped publication when regular dailies appeared. It lasted about a month, putting out some 20 issues. The Official Gazette carries its name to this day, being the official organ of the Philippine government.

In 1899 George Sellner joined The Manila Times as business manager, and later bought the paper from Gowan. Apparently Sellner was in the newspaper game not for love of journalism but for the more profitable financial phase he saw in it. He sold the Times to a group of American businessmen in 1902 and reacquired it three years later.

The Times Co.[link]

Again, in 1907 Sellner sold the paper to Thomas C. Kinney, who incorporated the Times Co., with a board of directors composed of American and British businessmen. During this period R. McCulloch Dick, a British sailor who came to Manila with the United States Navy and had some newspaper experience, was appointed editor of The Manila Times. Dick later acquired the Philippines Free Press, a weekly founded by Judge W.H. Kincaid in 1907, and was joined by Theo F. Rogers as partner and business manager. The Free Press developed into one of the largest and most influential weekly papers in the Philippines. Dick lived most of his life in the Philippines, dying here at the age of 80 years.

In 1908 Martin Egan, after gaining fame and a name from his articles in the Saturday Evening Post, came to the Philippines to become editor of the Times. He had been in the Philippines as correspondent during the Spanish-American War.

He brought his wife with him, a literary figure in her own right, and naturally formed part of the Times staff. Mrs. Eleanor Franklin Egan used to write for Leslie's Weekly.

On July 25, 1914, The Manila Times moved from the Escolta to its new offices at the Cosmopolitan Building, formerly the Metropolitan Hotel, on the northeast approach of the Santa Cruz Bridge, now MacArthur Bridge. With its transfer to a new site the Times modernized its equipment, getting Linotypes of the latest models, the only ones of their kind then in the Orient. The use of the new machinery necessitated laying off 27 of the 35 printers, mostly hand typesetters, who had been with the paper since its founding some 16 years earlier.

A photoengraving system was installed to make the plant up-to-date and second to none in the islands in point of equipment. After nearly 10 years working with the Times, Egan returned to the United States, where, not long after, he joined the staff of J. Pierpont Morgan, Wall Street banker. Egan became a noted figure in New York's financial circles.

Egan was succeeded on the Times editorial chair by Wilmot H. Lewis, formerly correspondent for the New York Herald during the Russo-Japanese War, who had joined The Times in 1911 as a reporter. He did not stay long as editor. While the First World War was going on he returned to the United States and became a member of the publicity staff of the US Expeditionary Forces in France.

In 1930 Lewis was knighted by King George V of the United Kingdom for notable journalistic services regarding the disarmament conference in Washington. He was then head of the Washington bureau of the British daily newspaper The Times, then reputed to be the largest newspaper in the world in business and circulation.

A young reporter named George Culver worked with the Times during Lewis's editorship. He returned to the United States and was lost to the world for some time until his name was heralded in Pacific coast financial circles as the founder of Culver City, a land development project near Los Angeles, California. He had done well in the real-estate business.

About the time of Egan and Lewis, L.H. Thibault, a schoolteacher, started breaking into the newspaper game by reporting for the Times during summer vacations. He later resigned his teaching job and eventually became editor of the paper, but before him Frederick O’Brien, soon to become famous as the author of South Seas novels, held the editorial chair for some time.

Filipino cub reporters[link]

During the editorship of Lewis and O'Brien a few Filipino young men embarked on a newspaper career by beginning as cub reporters. Among them was Victoriano Yamzon, the first Filipino to be accepted on the Times staff. He had had a brief newspaper experience, having edited the short-lived English edition of El Renacimiento, a militant newspaper owned by Martin Ocampo and at that time edited by Teodoro M. Kalaw. Yamzon later became a successful lawyer and law professor.

Yamzon was followed by Cornelio Balmaceda, who was to become director of commerce a few years after his stint as reporter. He became later the secretary of commerce and industry and member of the National Economic Council. Next to join the Times was Carlos P. Romulo, who was to become secretary of education, secretary of foreign affairs, president of the United Nations General Assembly, ambassador to the United States and the United Nations, and other high posts in the Philippine foreign service. Besides his war service during which he attained the rank of brigadier general, Romulo also held the position of editor in chief of the T-V-T papers (Tribune-Vanguardia-Taliba) and publisher of the D-M-H-M newspapers (Debate-Mabuhay-Herald-Monday Mail).

The Manila Times can very well be proud of its first Filipino "alumni".

After Romulo, Bernardo P. Garcia joined the Times staff, covering the more important beats like Malacañang and the Ayuntamiento, where the department secretaries held their offices. Garcia had been on the staff of La Vanguardia, a Spanish-language newspaper, but was proficient in English. In his time Garcia was considered the best bilingual reporter in Manila, and probably the highest paid. Many years later he joined the government service, his last assignment before his retirement being administrative officer of the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Office.

Lewis took in a young student—Crispin Gonzales—for his shipping page. Gonzales not only was the waterfront reporter but also covered the Bureau of Customs. Subsequently Gonzales joined the Philippines Herald, and still later The Tribune, one of the T-V-T newspapers published before World War II. After the war he became the shipping editor of The Manila Times, a position he held until he retired in 1960.

[edit] The Times strike

In 1918 the Filipino employees of The Manila Times called an all-out strike. The Filipino press had accused the Times of misrepresenting the Filipinos in order to prejudice the minds of a party of American Congressmen, which was then about to visit the Philippines, against granting of independence. Smarting from the attempts at misrepresentation, the reporters and printers of the paper, who were all Filipinos, declared a general walkout.

Romulo, then a Times reporter, was reported to be the leader of the strike, but the belief had gained credence at the time that the movement had been inspired by Manuel L. Quezon and other Filipino political leaders. The belief was later supported by two salient facts: First, some of the strikers were given temporary jobs in the office of Senate President Quezon, and second, the purchase by Quezon himself of The Manila Times. Not long after the strike Romulo became one of the secretaries of Quezon, together with an aspiring young politician named Elpidio Quirino.

[edit] Quezon buys the Times

In association with a group of Filipino businessmen Quezon bought The Manila Times lock, stock and barrel. He wanted a militant Filipino organ of public opinion, and he thought that the Times would suit his purpose. Under his ownership the paper was staffed mostly by Filipinos. This followed the pattern set by his close friend, Governor-General Francis Burton Harrison, of Filipinizing the government.

The editorials were written by a staff composed of Maximo M. Kalaw, Manuel X. Burgos, Vicente M. Hilario and Bernardo P. Garcia; the business side was managed by Felipe Buencamino Jr. Gabriel Sucgang, who had been cashier since the days of Gowan, continued to scrape in the day's earnings and give chits to habitually impecunious reporters and editors against their month's salaries. Sucgang, after an uninterrupted service of over 20 years, left the Times in the early days of the Fairchild ownership, but returned to his old job after Thibault bought the paper for the T-V-T newspapers in 1929.

Quezon, realizing out that publishing and politics did not mix well, sold the Times to George H. Fairchild in 1921. Fairchild, a former Hawaiian senator, was then engaged in promoting the Philippine sugar industry. The new owner supervised the business as well as the editorial policies of the paper, and was naturally partial to news bearing on the sugar industry. The paper under Fairchild was generally believed to have become intensely pro-American and anti-Filipino in its politics. It took on the role of spokesman for American business and politics in the Philippines.

In the early days of the Fairchild ownership, Egan, who had returned to the United States, was succeeded by John H. Hackett, a pioneer newspaper publisher in Mindanao. He was editor and general manager, assisted by A.V.H. Hartendorp, a former schoolteacher, as editorial writer. Later Hartendorp became editor and Clayton Young, city editor. Young had been with the paper for sometime as reporter and sports editor. He left the Philippines in 1921 and was not heard of until two years later, when became publicity manager of the Chicago International Exposition being held at that time.

Hartendorp as editor[link]

When Hartendorp resigned in 1921 to join the Philippine Education Magazine, Walter Q. Wilgus was contracted as editor. Hartendorp later bought the Philippine Education Magazine, whose name he changed to Philippine Magazine. Wilgus, a veteran of the First World War and a journalism graduate, had come to the Philippines in 1920 to found the School of Journalism at the University of the Philippines. The school, however, lived only a year, because after that the Philippine legislature, on account of differences of opinion with Dr. Guy Potter Benton, president of the state university, refused to set aside funds for its maintenance.

When Hartendorp was editor of the Times, the members of the staff, besides Young, who was city editor, included Bernardo P. Garcia as political reporter; Vicente Almoalla, Malacañang reporter; Charles "Fat" Freeman, police reporter; William "Bill the Bosun" Jansen, shipping editor; Emilio Bautista, waterfront reporter; Antonio Escoda, sports and City Hall reporter; Cromwell Nash, sports editor; and Anacleto Benavides, sports reporter. Pedro de la Llana, a member of the Times business staff, sometimes contributed pungent and caustic articles which raised eyebrows among Filipino readers. He had edited The Independent, a militant weekly published by Vicente Sotto, before he came to the Times. Later he was appointed member of the House of Representatives by Governor General Leonard Wood. Before the end of World War II he was mistaken by Filipino guerrillas as a Japanese spy and executed.

Norbert Lyons, former editor of the Manila Daily Bulletin and the American Chamber of Commerce Journal, Albert Lawrence, Katherine Bush, Robert Montee, H. F. Stampf, George Heacock, John V. Tutching and W. "Bart" Bartholomew were also on the staff of the times at different times. Lyons covered the American business community, Lawrence and Heacock had the police beat, Montee the US Army beat and "Bart" wrote sports stories. Montee, after a brief apprenticeship with the Times, accepted an appointment as correspondent for a press service.

The Sakdalan case[link]

Escoda died a hero's death in 1944 when he and several companions, including Brig. Gen. Vicente Lim of the Philippine Army, were captured by Japanese soldiers while attempting to sail for Mindoro in a sailboat to contact an American submarine. Benavides died in New York in 1956. He was then serving the Philippine government as commercial attaché, having previously retired as editor of the Manila Chronicle. Sakdalan, who died in 1948, became a sort of newspaperman-hero when he was jailed sometime before his death for contempt by the Supreme Court for refusing to divulge the source of a news story he had written. Sakdalan's brief imprisonment of inspired Sen. Vicente Sotto, a militant newspaperman himself in his younger days, to file a bill forbidding newspapermen to disclose their news sources unless it was "in the interest of the state." Later this phrase was amended by another former newspaperman, Sen. Mariano Jesus Cuenco, to read "unless the security of the state demanded."

The late Jose A. Bautista spent his apprenticeship as a reporter with the Times in the days of O'Brien. Later he joined the Philippine Herald and The Tribune, and still later, that is, after World War II, rejoined The Manila Times and became one of its editors. Generoso K. Liwag, another Tribune staffer, got his start in the newspaper game with the Times, serving as a stringer for the sportswriters. He did not live to see the last world war.

Wilgus as editor[link]

Wilgus was editor and city editor at the same time. Under him were Floyd C. Finch, who was sports editor, and a staff of reporters who were mostly Filipinos including Juan Reyes, who later became representative and governor of Sorsogon, Narciso Ramos, former Philippine ambassador to Taiwan and subsequently secretary of foreign affairs after having served as representative from Pangasinan, and Antonio Canizares, who was to become an associate justice of the Court of Appeals. Reyes, Ramos and Canizares served the Times as court reporters.

Darrel L. Brodt joined the Times as an army and police reporter, while David T. Boguslav, who came in at the same time, was a sports writer. The two were technical sergeants in the US Army detailed as hospital assistants to the Sternberg General Hospital on Arroceros Street before they joined The Times. Boguslav eventually became sports editor as Finch moved up to the city editorship. Emilio Bautista became shipping editor after Jansen's departure, and he was assisted by a brother, Abelardo.

Senate investigation[link]

In 1925 a Senate investigation of the Times, the first of its kind in its history, perturbed the staff and the publisher. The Times published a story that an appointive member of the Senate had been acting as a spy for the governor-general, Leonard Wood. Fairchild, Wilgus, Serrano and some members of the mechanical department of the paper were summoned to the questioned under a subpoena ducestecum.

The newspaper's team led the senatorial investigators on a merry chase, and the Times played up the story for several days. Neither Fairchild nor Wilgus knew who wrote the story, they told the senators. Among the members of the Senate investigating committee were Jose P. Laurel, Juan B. Alegre, Jose O. Vera, Claro M. Recto and Elpidio Quirino. The caliber of the probers could be gauged by the fact that two of them—Laurel and Quirino—became presidents of the Philippines, while Recto was considered the greatest constitutional lawyer and foreign affairs expert of his time.

The efforts of the investigators to track down the culprit proved fruitless. They never found out who had written the story, although the chair, Senator Quirino, tried to pin down Serrano, the regular Senate reporter of the Times. Several times Quirino did not pursue his warned Serrano that he could be jailed for contempt of the Senate, but threats, because the Quirino probably remembered that sometime in the past Serrano had written favorable stories about him. The probe made good newspaper copy, and the Times made the most of it.

The truth was that the spy story had been written by a guest reporter, a certain James Montague-Parker, who immediately took the first boat for Hong Kong on learning about the investigation. In writing the story, the author had jumped to the conclusion that since Gen. Jose Alejandrino, of Philippine revolutionary fame, had accepted an appointment from General Wood as a senator at large, he was acting as a spy for Wood. In fact, another senator, Alegre, had referred to Alejandrino as "the representative of General Wood", to which Alejandrino's rejoinder was that the senator from the Bicol Region was "a Filipino only because of the accident of birth". The statement alluded to Senator Alegre's aristocratic Hispanic features, from his mixed Spanish and native Filipino parentage.

Jenkins as manager[link]

In 1926 Fairchild sold The Times to Jacob Rosenthal, a businessman who was engaged in the importation and manufacture of shoes. Rosenthal had inherited North W. Jenkins from the Fairchild management, and retained him as a business manager of the paper Jenkins had worked The Manila Trading Supply Co., a firm that imported of machinery. For a time the Times prospered financially under Jenkins, but later it could not withstand the drain on its revenue by the publication of two daily editions and several weekly provincial sections and supplements. The two editions were reduced to one, and the provincial supplements were abolished.

Besides being as business manager, Jenkins wrote a daily column entitled "Señores", which was very popular among American residents, particularly businessmen. The articles were later collected in book form. Jenkins resigned in 1927 due to ill health, and retired to Haight's Place near Baguio, where he thought the temperate climate would improve his physical condition. He died there about a year after.

The paper did not fare well under Rosenthal although after Jenkins’ departure the publisher placed a man of his choice to look after the business side. The man was W. Schrameck, Rosenthal's manager in the shoe business. The paper continued in a precarious financial state, and the owner began looking for a new editor. Wilgus having returned to the United States, Rosenthal secured the service of Hamilton Johnson, city editor of the Manila Daily Bulletin, as editor of the Times. Johnson brought over Abelardo J. Valencia, of the Bulletin staff, with him. After about two years with the Times, Valencia left for the United States to join the staff of the Philippine Press Bureau in Washington, D.C.

Johnson as editor[link]

Johnson inaugurated three columns in the paper which added popularity to it, especially since they were directed at advertising clients who were flattered by the frequent mention of their names in the columns. These columns were Bernardo P. Garcia's "As I See It", A.L. Valencia's "Around the Town" and Mario Mariano's "Mere Habla", a humorous presentation of life in Manila in the late twenties.

Destroyed by fire[link]

On December 10, 1928, the Cosmopolitan Building, in which the Times had been housed for nearly two decades, burned down. Rosenthal, who had learned to consider the paper a sort of white elephant, gladly collected the insurance and sold the paper's name and goodwill—they were all that were left to sell—to the T-V-T papers through D.H. Thibault, who, after an absence of about 10 years, had returned to the Philippines to become general manager of the T-V-T publications of Don Alejandro Roces Sr.

Immediately after the fire in which the Times was reported (by other papers) to have lost P200,000, the paper, accepting the hospitality proferred by its contemporaries, printed its first issue after the fire at the Bulletin plant on Evangelista and Raon streets. The Times and the Bulletin had been next-door neighbors for a long time in the Cosmopolitan Building before the Bulletin moved to its Evangelista quarters.

A few days after the fire, the Times moved to the Philippine Herald's quarters in the Walled City, where it continued publication until negotiations for its purchase had been arranged by Thibault, who transferred the paper to the T-V-T building on Florentino Torres Street. Johnson remained editor, Brodt became city editor, Boguslav sports editor and Garcia, Serrano, Valencia and Marcelo Victoriano, a cub reporter, staff members. Escoda, in the meantime, had transferred to the Bulletin, where he eventually became city editor. Victoriano was later shifted to the staff of the sister paper, The Tribune, where he became one of the best police reporters that paper had ever had. His death in early youth was a great loss to the newspaper community.

Soon after the Times’ change of ownership, Johnson returned to the United States due to ill health, and the paper had to crawl along with a crippled staff. Brodt was advanced to the editorship, Boguslav became city editor and Garcia, besides reporting, wrote editorials. Brodt did not stay long as editor, having accepted a more promising job with the Philippine Herald, later becoming its advertising manager. After Brodt's departure the editor's chair was given to Boguslav. He was next in line and highly deserved the promotion. It was not a mere employer-employee relationship that existed between Thibault, the general manager, and Boguslav, the editor. It was more than that. Boguslav was Thibault's son-in-law, having married Thibault's daughter Ruth.

Publication discontinued[link]

On February 15, 1930, Thibault announced that The Manila Times would discontinue publication on March 15, 1930. On March 14 the Times’ "Swan Song" editorial appeared. On that date The Times closed the first epoch of its eventful history after an uninterrupted existence of nearly 32 years, which covered a period of great political changes not only in the Philippines but throughout the Far East.

The second epoch in the history of The Manila Times began 15 years after its discontinuance in 1930 and when World War II was still in its mopping-up stage. Japan had not yet surrendered, although it was ready to do so.

People had come down from their mountain refuge, and Manila residents who had evacuated to the provinces to avoid the horrors of the Occupation began to return in numbers to their native city. The war had left very few habitable houses in Manila, but the returning evacuees had to make the best of a miserable situation. With the returning population, the need for adequate reading matter was generally felt in the city. A few enterprising people started printing small newspapers from salvaged presses and little capital. Among these post-Liberation papers were the Manila Post, the Philippine Liberty News and the Manila Chronicle.

The heirs of Don Alejandro Roces Sr., who died during the war along with his eldest son Alejandro Jr., met together and decided to revive the business their father had founded. The printing plant of one of them had not been destroyed by the war. A newspaper could be printed there if newsprint were available. Accordingly, arrangements were made for a supply of newsprint.

The postwar Times[link]

At that time Boguslav, who had joined the war correspondents attached to the United States Army after his release from the Santo Tomas Internment Camp early in February, was in Manila covering the liberated city for the Chicago Sun and other American papers. He was asked to revive the English-language newspaper of the T-V-T chain of newspapers. The Tribune was the prewar daily newspaper in English, but its resurrection was thumbed down because of the bad taste it might have left as a result of its continued publication during the Occupation under the management of Japanese overlords. They had paid P2 million in "Mickey Mouse" money for the entire T-V-T plant, an amount the owners had to accept under the circumstances. The purchase price in the form of a check was never used, and the liberators of Manila found it framed and in the same condition as when it was issued.

The T-V-T management decided on using the name of The Manila Times instead of The Tribune, The Times having been a member, although only for a brief period, of the T-V-T chain before the war. Besides, Boguslav had worked for many years with the Times before it was discontinued in 1930.

In the meantime, the owners of the paper discarded the old T-V-T name and formed a corporation under the title of "The Manila Times Publishing Co., Inc."

The first issue of the paper on May 27, 1945, carried the name The Sunday Times, and it was only a small folded sheet of the ordinary tabloid size reminiscent of the dimensions of the first issue of The Manila Times on October 11, 1898. Then as The Times approached normalcy The Sunday Times increased its pages. In the meantime the circulation was getting larger, and it became evident that The Sunday Times alone would not adequately supply the demand of the reading public. So on September 5, 1945, the first daily issue of The Manila Times reappeared on the streets of Manila.

The Manila Times was "resurrected" 15 years and six months after its "demise" on March 14, 1930. The paper at first occupied the Ramon Roces Publications Building on Soler and Calero streets, which had not been much damaged by the war, but later it moved to the T-V-T Building on Florentino Torres Street after the building had been repaired.

Postwar staff[link]

Among the first staff members of the postwar Times, besides Boguslav, were Jose P. Bautista, prewar editor of The Tribune, Jose Luna Castro and Emilio Aguilar Cruz, staff members of the prewar Graphic, Vicente J. Guzman, formerly of the Bulletin staff, Luis Serrano, Crispin Gonzales, Anatolio Litonjua, Andres B. Callanta, Jose L. Guevara, Benjamin Osias and Zosimo Resurreccion. Guzman covered the House of Representatives, Serrano the Senate, Calanta Labor, Osias City Hall and Gonzales handled the shipping page. Later Guevara took over the House beat from Guzman, who was given a desk job, and Resurreccion succeeded Callanta in the labor beat when he resigned. Litonjua got the army beat.

Among those who served as society editor were Jim Austria, Carole Guerrero, Rosario Delgado, Jovita Rodas, Estrella Alfon, Cita Trinidad and Consuelo G. Abaya.

Later a teenager joined the Times as a cub reporter, covering the police and miscellaneous beats. He made such a good showing that the editor of the paper decided to send him to Korea as its correspondent. His dispatches from the Korean battlefront were quite creditable, coming as they did from the actual firing line assigned to the Filipino contingent. He was wounded in Korea and had to be sent back to the Philippines. He was later assigned to the army beat.

This young man was Benigno Aquino Jr.

Another Times staffer who attained eminence in public life was Mrs. Maria Kalaw-Katigbak. She was a columnist of the paper before she went into politics. Her column was highly appreciated by the reading public, especially by women whose views and opinions generally found expression in the column.

Boguslav, after serving with The Manila Times for 27 years, excluding the war years when he was in an internment camp, and the 15-year period when the Times lay in inanimate suspension, died in Manila in 1962 at the age of 67. At the time of his death he was the oldest staff member of The Times in point of service, and the only editor of the paper who died in the Philippines, which he had made his home and whose government in 1960 awarded him the Legion of Honor for his service to Philippine journalism.

Martial law[link]

On Saturday, September 23, 1972, Manila woke up with nary a newspaper in sight. The night before, President Ferdinand Marcos had imposed martial law throughout the country, although the declaration was antedated September 21. The Manila Times was one of the media organizations closed down by the imposition of authoritarian government. It was to remain closed down—as would a number of other media outlets—for the next 14 years.

During the Martial Law era, its presses printed issues of The Times Journal, carrying the same format but focused much on the events related and accepted by the Marcos administration. The Times Journal was then under the patronage of the government, using the Manila Times buildings and machinery as theirs.

[edit] Roces family reopens the Times

On February 5, 1986, days before Edsa I that ousted Marcos, the Roces family (the Ramon Roces group) revived The Manila Times.

Sheila Coronel, former Times reporter and now executive director of the Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism, recalled that the Roces family had hired some refugees from the Marcos-controlled press like her, Lorna Kalaw-Tirol and Malou Mangahas, who was to become editor in chief of the Times, to staff the new paper.

Coronel and her fellow reporters kept vigil through the four nights of Edsa 1, covering events during the day and rushing to the office at night to file their reports.

She wrote: "Don Chino was often there, watching protectively over us and going out of his way to bring us food. If memory serves, I think it was Max's fried chicken and the occasional burger. But it was not the food that was memorable. It was that Don Chino himself went around the newsroom to give each of us dinner."

Coronel said if there was something that Roces instilled in them when they were still young and impressionable, it was humility.

Roces treated everyone the same way, whether editor, reporter or copy boy. To him, in the newsroom, all were equal: Everyone did what they could to bring out the next day's paper. There was no need for an exaggerated sense of self-importance.

Three years after its rebirth, the Roces family, citing financial death, sold the paper to the business tycoon John Gokongwei.

[edit] Estrada sues the Times

The Manila Times under the Estrada presidency was a paper under siege.

When the Times published a story calling the former movie actor an "unwitting godfather" to a supposed fraudulent deal, Estrada sued the Times for P101 million.

Terrorized by Estrada's wrath, the Gokongweis were forced to apologize to stop him from harassing them on their alleged tax problems.

The printed apology prompted Estrada to withdraw the libel case. The Times publisher Ermin Garcia Jr. pointed out that the paper did not retract the story that drew Estrada's ire.

On July 23, 1999, the nation's most trusted newspaper closed up.

The 180 employees of the Times mourned the demise of the paper which had been critical of the Estrada administration. Clad in black, the Times workers posted banners in the newsroom that said "Defend Press Freedom".

In an earlier interview, the editor in chief, Malou Mangahas, said the purchase of the paper by a group headed by the businessman Reghis Romero III was part of an effort to stifle newspapers that were critical of the government.

[edit] The Times under Mark Jimenez

Months before the Times’ closure, Mark Jimenez, an Estrada crony, expressed interest in buying the newspaper firm, but wanted his ownership to remain undisclosed. There were reports that Jimenez had paid a visit to John Gokongwei as early as April 1999 to this effect.

Jimenez's wish to be an unidentified buyer would be granted. From October 11 until November, the Times was operating under its supposed owner, Reghis Romero, who reportedly fronted on Jimenez's behalf. However, in the months to follow, disclosures from within Estrada's inner revealed that Jimenez had indeed bought The Manila Times.

In the final week of December 1999, after a series of critical stories disparaging Estrada's friends, the lawyer Katrina Legarda, who was also the newspaper's editor-in-chief, went public claiming she was being pressured by the Times owners regarding editorial policies and which story should get published. Shortly before the year 2000, ten Manila Times editors resigned, citing increasing pressure from the owners. Legarda followed suit. Eventually, Jimenez admitted ownership of the paper before the May 14, 2001 election.

[edit] Dante Ang's vision for the Times

On August 8 Dante A. Ang formally sat as publisher and chair of The Manila Times.

Ang promised to give news that is accurate, fair and comprehensive.

He's also proud of the Times’ Opinion Page, which he said is more ruminative and reflective, delving more deeply into the meaning of the news and into the motive of those who make the news.

In particular, Ang said the Times would publish enterprise-driven investigative stories. The Times would also honor its rich heritage and snoop into the future, Ang said. He said he would be aided by a strong editorial, advertising and production staff who have a high degree of professionalism and experience that honor the ethics of the trade.

The Times, under its new owner Dante Ang, will capitalize on its rich and illustrious—if tumultuous—history since 1898.

Ang's vision is to make the Times "handsomely profitable" as well as one of the top influential dailies in the country.

He is no stranger to newspapering. He published Money Asia, a business magazine, and founded the Filipino broadsheet Kabayan. He also maintains five publishing houses and is president and chair of a public relations firm that handles corporate accounts.

The Times will also put a premium on enterprise stories, solid political and business reporting, and investigative exposés.

"Watch us as we grow, keep us company as members of the family," Ang said.

[edit] 2007 Times Person of the Year

On December 30, 2007, The Manila Times enthroned Reynato Puno as "Times Person of the Year", chosen by all the newspaper's editors. Puno defeated 2nd choices OFW, Gov. Eddie Panlilio, the Filipino Nurse, the DSWD social worker, the Pinoy Farmer, Manny Pacquiao and Joey de Venecia.^[1][2]

See also[link]

• Libertito Pelayo
• Filipino Reporter
• Satur Ocampo

References[link]

• The Manila Times: 106 Years in a Nation's Rich History, (based on the History of the Manila Times by Luis Serrano), ManilaTimes.net, 2001

External links[link]

• The Manila Times Internet Edition
• The Manila Times College

References[link]

The Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register (it became The Times on 1 January 1788). The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times (founded in 1821) are published by Times Newspapers, since 1981 a subsidiary of News International, itself wholly owned by the News Corporation group headed by Rupert Murdoch. The Times and The Sunday Times do not share editorial staff, were founded independently and have only had common ownership since 1967.

The Times is the first newspaper to have borne that name, lending it to numerous other papers around the world, including The Times of India (1838), The Straits Times (1845), The New York Times (1851), The Irish Times (1859), the Los Angeles Times (1881), The Seattle Times (1891), The Daily Times (Malawi) (1900), The Canberra Times (1926), and The Times (Malta) (1935). For distinguishing purposes it is therefore sometimes referred to, particularly in North America, as the "London Times" or "The Times of London".^[2][3]

The Times is the originator of the ubiquitous Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broadsheet format for 219 years, but switched to compact size in 2004 in an attempt to appeal more to younger readers and commuters using public transport. The Sunday Times remains a broadsheet.

Though traditionally a moderate newspaper and sometimes a supporter of the Conservatives, it supported the Labour Party in the 2001 and 2005 general elections.^[4] In 2004, according to MORI, the voting intentions of its readership were 40% for the Conservative Party, 29% for the Liberal Democrats, and 26% for Labour.^[5] The Times had an average daily circulation of 394,102 in March 2012.^[1] An American edition has been published since 6 June 2006.^[2]

History[link]

Front page of The Times from December 4, 1788.

1785 to 1890[link]

The Times was founded by publisher John Walter on 1 January 1785 as The Daily Universal Register, with Walter in the role of editor. Walter changed the title after 940 editions on 1 January 1788 to The Times. In 1803, Walter handed ownership and editorship to his son of the same name. Walter senior had spent sixteen months in Newgate prison for libel printed in The Times, but his pioneering efforts to obtain Continental news, especially from France, helped build the paper's reputation among policy makers and financiers.

The Times used contributions from significant figures in the fields of politics, science, literature, and the arts to build its reputation. For much of its early life, the profits of The Times were very large and the competition minimal, so it could pay far better than its rivals for information or writers.

In 1809, John Stoddart was appointed general editor, replaced in 1817 by Thomas Barnes. Under Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in politics and amongst the City of London. Peter Fraser and Edward Sterling were two noted journalists, and gained for The Times the pompous/satirical nickname 'The Thunderer' (from "We thundered out the other day an article on social and political reform.").The increased circulation and influence of the paper was based in part to its early adoption of the steam-driven rotary printing press. Distribution via steam trains to rapidly growing concentrations of urban populations helped ensure the profitability of the paper and its growing influence.^[6]

The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential^[7] with his dispatches back to England.

In other events of the nineteenth century, The Times opposed the repeal of the Corn Laws^{[citation needed]} until the number of demonstrations convinced the editorial board otherwise, and only reluctantly supported aid to victims of the Irish Potato Famine. It enthusiastically supported the Great Reform Bill of 1832, which reduced corruption and increased the electorate from 400 000 people to 800 000 people (still a small minority of the population). During the American Civil War, The Times represented the view of the wealthy classes, favouring the secessionists, but it was not a supporter of slavery.

The third John Walter, the founder's grandson, succeeded his father in 1847. The paper continued as more or less independent, but from the 1850s The Times was beginning to suffer from the rise in competition from the penny press, notably The Daily Telegraph and The Morning Post.

During the 19th century, it was not infrequent for the Foreign Office to approach The Times and ask for continental intelligence, which was often superior to that conveyed by official sources.^[8]

1890 to 1981[link]

The Times faced financial extinction in 1890 under Arthur Fraser Walter, but it was rescued by an energetic editor, Charles Frederic Moberly Bell. During his tenure (1890–1911), The Times became associated with selling the Encyclopædia Britannica using aggressive American marketing methods introduced by Horace Everett Hooper and his advertising executive, Henry Haxton. Due to legal fights between the Britannica's two owners, Hooper and Walter Montgomery Jackson, The Times severed its connection in 1908 and was bought by pioneering newspaper magnate, Alfred Harmsworth, later Lord Northcliffe.

In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I.^[9] On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic forgery The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine document, and called Jews the world's greatest danger. In the leader entitled "The Jewish Peril, a Disturbing Pamphlet: Call for Inquiry", Steed wrote about The Protocols of the Elders of Zion:

What are these 'Protocols'? Are they authentic? If so, what malevolent assembly concocted these plans and gloated over their exposition? Are they forgery? If so, whence comes the uncanny note of prophecy, prophecy in part fulfilled, in part so far gone in the way of fulfillment?".^[10]

The following year, when Philip Graves, the Constantinople (modern Istanbul) correspondent of The Times, exposed The Protocols as a forgery, 'The Times retracted the editorial of the previous year.

In 1922, John Jacob Astor, son of the 1st Viscount Astor, bought The Times from the Northcliffe estate. The paper gained a measure of notoriety in the 1930s with its advocacy of German appeasement; then-editor Geoffrey Dawson was closely allied with those in the government who practised appeasement^{[citation needed]}, most notably Neville Chamberlain.

Kim Philby, a Soviet double agent, was a correspondent for the newspaper in Spain during the Spanish Civil War of the late 1930s. Philby was admired for his courage in obtaining high-quality reporting from the front lines of the bloody conflict. He later joined MI6 during World War II, was promoted into senior positions after the war ended, then eventually defected to the Soviet Union in 1963.^[11]

Between 1941 and 1946, the left-wing British historian E.H. Carr was Assistant Editor. Carr was well known for the strongly pro-Soviet tone of his editorials.^[12] In December 1944, when fighting broke out in Athens between the Greek Communist ELAS and the British Army, Carr in a Times editorial sided with the Communists, leading Winston Churchill to condemn him and that leader in a speech to the House of Commons.^[13] As a result of Carr's editorial, The Times became popularly known during World War II as the threepenny Daily Worker (the price of the Daily Worker was one penny)^[14]

On 3 May 1966 it started printing news on the front page for the first time - previously the front page featured small advertisements, usually of interest to the moneyed classes in British society.^{[citation needed]} In 1967, members of the Astor family sold the paper to Canadian publishing magnate Roy Thomson, The Thomson Corporation merged it with The Sunday Times to form Times Newspapers Limited.

An industrial dispute prompted the management to shut the paper for nearly a year (1 December 1978 – 12 November 1979).

The Thomson Corporation management were struggling to run the business due to the 1979 Energy Crisis and union demands. Management were left with no choice but to save both titles by finding a buyer who was in a position to guarantee the survival of both titles, and also one who had the resources and was committed to funding the introduction of modern printing methods.

Several suitors appeared, including Robert Maxwell, Tiny Rowland and Lord Rothermere; however, only one buyer was in a position to meet the full Thomson remit, Australian media magnate Rupert Murdoch.

1981 to present: Murdoch-era[link]

In 1981, The Times and The Sunday Times were bought from Thomson by Rupert Murdoch's News International.^[15] The acquisition followed three weeks of intensive bargaining with the unions by company negotiators, John Collier and Bill O'Neill.

After 14 years as editor, William Rees-Mogg resigned the post upon the completion of the change of ownership.^[16] Murdoch began to make his mark on the paper by appointing Harold Evans as his replacement.^[17] One of his most important changes was the introduction of new technology and efficiency measures. In March–May 1982, following agreement with print unions, the hot-metal Linotype printing process used to print The Times since the 19th century was phased out and replaced by computer input and photo-composition. This allowed print room staff at The Times and The Sunday Times to be reduced by half.^{[citation needed]} However, direct input of text by journalists ("single stroke" input) was still not achieved, and this was to remain an interim measure until the Wapping dispute of 1986, when The Times moved from New Printing House Square in Gray's Inn Road (near Fleet Street) to new offices in Wapping.^[18]

Robert Fisk,^[19] seven times British International Journalist of the Year,^[20] resigned as foreign correspondent in 1988 over what he saw as "political censorship" of his article on the shooting-down of Iran Air Flight 655 in July 1988. He wrote in detail about his reasons for resigning from the paper due to meddling with his stories, and the paper's pro-Israel stance.^[21]

In June 1990, The Times ceased its policy of using courtesy titles ("Mr", "Mrs", or "Miss" prefixes) for living persons before full names on first reference, but it continues to use them before surnames on subsequent references. The more formal style is now confined to the "Court and Social" page, though "Ms" is now acceptable in that section, as well as before surnames in news sections.

In November 2003, News International began producing the newspaper in both broadsheet and tabloid sizes. On 13 September 2004, the weekday broadsheet was withdrawn from sale in Northern Ireland. Since 1 November 2004, the paper has been printed solely in tabloid format.

The Conservative Party announced plans to launch litigation against The Times over an incident in which the newspaper claimed that Conservative election strategist Lynton Crosby had admitted that his party would not win the 2005 General Election. The Times later published a clarification, and the litigation was dropped.

On 6 June 2005, The Times redesigned its Letters page, dropping the practice of printing correspondents' full postal addresses. Published letters were long regarded as one of the paper's key constituents. Author/solicitor David Green of Castle Morris Pembrokeshire has had more letters published on the main letters page than any other known contributor – 158 by 31 January 2008. According to its leading article, "From Our Own Correspondents", removal of full postal addresses was in order to fit more letters onto the page.

In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control.^[22]

In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne on the outskirts of London, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time.

Some^[who?] allege that The Times' partisan opinion pieces also damage its status as 'paper of record,' particularly when attacking interests that go against those of its parent company – News International. In 2010 it published an opinion piece attacking the BBC for being 'one of a group of' signatories to a letter criticising BSkyB share options in October 2010.^[23]

In March 2012, it became the first British newspaper to formally endorse same-sex marriage.

Content[link]

Copies of The Times and supplements from December 2005

The Times features news for the first half of the paper with the leading articles on the second page, the Opinion/Comment section begins after the first news section with world news normally following this. The business pages begin on the centre spread, and are followed by The Register, containing obituaries, Court & Social section, and related material. The sport section is at the end of the main paper.

[edit] Times2

The Times's main supplement is the times2, featuring various lifestyle columns.^{[clarification needed]} It was discontinued on 1 March 2010 but reintroduced on 11 October 2010 after negative feedback. Its regular features include a puzzles section called Mind Games. Its previous incarnation began on 5 September 2005, before which it was called T2 and previously Times 2. Regular features include columns by a different columnist each weekday. There was a column by Marcus du Sautoy each Wednesday, for example. The back pages are devoted to puzzles and contain sudoku, "Killer Sudoku", "KenKen", word polygon puzzles, and a crossword simpler and more concise than the main "Times Crossword".

The supplement contains arts and lifestyle features, TV and radio listings and reviews.

[edit] The Game

The Game is included in the newspaper on Mondays, and details all the weekend's football activity (Premier League and Football League Championship, League One and League Two.) The Scottish edition of The Game also includes results and analysis from Scottish Premier League games.

Saturday supplements[link]

The Saturday edition of The Times contains a variety of supplements. These supplements were relaunched in January 2009 as: Sport, Weekend (including travel and lifestyle features), Saturday Review (arts, books, and ideas), The Times Magazine (columns on various topics), and Playlist (an entertainment listings guide).

Saturday Review is the first regular supplement published in broadsheet format since the paper switched to a compact size in 2004.

At the beginning of summer 2011 Saturday Review switched to the tabloid format

The Times Magazine features columns touching on various subjects such as celebrities, fashion and beauty, food and drink, homes and gardens or simply writers' anecdotes. Notable contributors include Giles Coren, Food and Drink Writer of the Year in 2005.

Online presence[link]

The Times and The Sunday Times have had an online presence since March 1999, originally at the-times.co.uk and sunday-times.co.uk, and later at timesonline.co.uk.^[24] There are now two websites: thetimes.co.uk is aimed at daily readers, and the thesundaytimes.co.uk site at providing weekly magazine-like content. There are also iPad and Android editions of both newspapers. Since July 2010, News International has required readers who do not subscribe to the print edition to pay £2 per week to read The Times and The Sunday Times online.^[25]

Visits to the websites have decreased by 87% since the paywall was introduced, from 21 million unique users per month to 2.7 million.^[26] In April 2009, the timesonline site had a readership of 750,000 readers per day.^[27] As of October 2011, there were around 111,000 subscribers to the Times' digital products ^[28]

Ownership[link]

John Walter, the founder of The Times

The Times has had the following eight owners since its foundation in 1785:

• 1785 to 1803 - John Walter;
• 1803 to 1847 - John Walter, 2nd;
• 1847 to 1894 - John Walter, 3rd;
• 1894 to 1908 - Arthur Fraser Walter;
• 1908 to 1922 - Lord Northcliffe;
• 1922 to 1966 - Astor family;
• 1966 to 1981 - Roy Thomson; and
• 1981 to present - News International (a wholly owned subsidiary of News Corporation, run by Rupert Murdoch).

Readership[link]

At the time of Harold Evans' appointment as editor in 1981, The Times had an average daily sale of 282,000 copies, in comparision to the 1.4 million daily sales of its traditional rival The Daily Telegraph.^[29] By November 2005 The Times sold an average of 691,283 copies per day, the second-highest of any British "quality" newspaper (after The Daily Telegraph, which had a circulation of 903,405 copies in the period), and the highest in terms of full-rate sales.^[30] By March 2012 The Times' average daily circulation had fallen to 394,102 copies, compared to The Daily Telegraph's 576,378, with the two retaining respectively the second-highest and highest circulations among British "quality" newspapers.^[1] In contrast The Sun, the highest-selling "tabloid" daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, sold an average of 2,614,725 copies in March 2012, and the Daily Mail, the highest-selling "middle market" British daily newspaper, sold an average of 1,952,524 copies in the period.^[1]

In a 2009 national readership survey The Times was found to have the highest number of ABC1 25–44 readers and the largest numbers of readers in London of any of the "quality" papers.^[31]

Typeface[link]

An example of the Times New Roman font

In 1908 The Times started using the Monotype Modern typeface.^[32]

The Times commissioned the serif typeface Times New Roman, created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype, in 1931.^[33] It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated.^[34] The font was supervised by Morison and drawn by Victor Lardent, an artist from the advertising department of The Times. Morison used an older font named Plantin as the basis for his design, but made revisions for legibility and economy of space. Times New Roman made its debut in the 3 October 1932 issue of The Times newspaper.^[35] After one year, the design was released for commercial sale. The Times stayed with Times New Roman for 40 years, but new production techniques and the format change from broadsheet to tabloid in 2004 have caused the newspaper to switch font five times since 1972. However, all the new fonts have been variants of the original New Roman font:

• Times Europa was designed by Walter Tracy in 1972 for The Times, as a sturdier alternative to the Times font family, designed for the demands of faster printing presses and cheaper paper. The typeface features more open counter spaces.
• Times Roman replaced Times Europa on 30 August 1982.^[36]
• Times Millennium was made in 1991,^[36] drawn by Gunnlaugur Briem on the instructions of Aurobind Patel, composing manager of News International.
• Times Classic first appeared in 2001.^[37] Designed as an economical face by the British type team of Dave Farey and Richard Dawson, it took advantage of the new PC-based publishing system at the newspaper, while obviating the production shortcomings of its predecessor Times Millennium. The new typeface included 120 letters per font. Initially the family comprised ten fonts, but a condensed version was added in 2004.
• Times Modern was unveiled on 20 November 2006, as the successor of Times Classic.^[36] Designed for improving legibility in smaller font sizes, it uses 45-degree angled bracket serifs. The font was published by Elsner + Flake as EF Times Modern; it was designed by Research Studios, led by Ben Preston (deputy editor of The Times) and designer Neville Brody.^[38]

Political allegiance[link]

The Times had declared its support for Clement Attlee's Labour at the 1945 general election; the party went on to win the election by a landslide over Winston Churchill's Conservative government. However, the newspaper reverted to the Tories for the next election five years later. It supported the Conservatives for the subsequent three elections, followed by support for both the Conservatives and the Liberal Party for the next five elections, expressly supporting a Con-Lib coalition in 1974. The paper then backed the Conservatives solidly until 2001.

For the 2001 general election The Times declared its support for Tony Blair's Labour government, which was re-elected by a landslide. It supported Labour again in 2005, when Labour achieved a third successive win, though with a reduced majority.^[39] For the 2010 general election, however, the newspaper declared its support for the Tories once again; the election ended in the Tories taking the most votes and seats but having to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats in order to form a government as they had failed to gain an overall majority.^[40]

This makes it the most varied newspaper in terms of political support in British history.^[41]

Sponsorships[link]

The Times, along with the British Film Institute, sponsors the "The Times" bfi London Film Festival.

The Times sponsors the Cheltenham Literature Festival and the Asia House Festival of Asian Literature at Asia House, London.

Notable people[link]

Editors[link]

Notable columnists and journalists[link]

Related publications[link]

[edit] Times Literary Supplement

The Times Literary Supplement (TLS) is a separately-paid-for weekly literature and society magazine.

[edit] The Times Science Review

Between 1951 and 1966 The Times published a separately-paid-for quarterly science review, The Times Science Review. Remarkably, in 1953 both the newspaper and its science supplement failed to report on the discovery of the structure of DNA in Cambridge, which was reported on by both the News Chronicle and The New York Times.

The Times started a new (but free) monthly science magazine, Eureka, in October 2009.

Times Atlases[link]

(Times Books Group Ltd)

• The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World, 2007 ISBN 978-0-00-780150-3

In fiction[link]

• In the dystopian future world of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Times has been transformed into the organ of the totalitarian ruling party, its editorials—of which several are quoted in the book—reflecting Big Brother's pronouncements.
• Rex Stout's fictional detective Nero Wolfe is described as fond of solving the London Times' crossword puzzle at his New York home, in preference to those of American papers.
• In the James Bond series by Ian Fleming, James Bond, reads The Times. As described by Fleming in From Russia, with Love: "The Times was the only paper that Bond ever read."

See also[link]

Journalism portal

• List of newspapers by date

[edit] References

Further reading[link]

• Evans‏, Harold (1983). Good Times, Bad Times. Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 0-297-78295-9  - includes sections of black-and-white photographic plates, plus a few charts and diagrams in text pages.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Times

Wikisource has original text related to this article: The Times

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: The Times

• Official website (Mobile)
• The Sunday Times site
• Times World Atlases official website including a History and Heritage section detailing landmark Times atlases
• Archive from 1785 to 2006 – full text and original layout, searchable (not free of charge, registration required)
• Neil, Andrew; Griffiths, Ian; Fitzpatrick, Barry (15 January 2006). "Three views of the industrial dispute twenty years on". The Observer (UK). http://observer.guardian.co.uk/business/story/0,,1686500,00.html. 
• The Times editor Robert Thomson lecture online: From the editorial desk of The Times, RMIT School of Applied Communication Public Lecture series
• Anthony Trollope's satire on the mid-nineteenth century Times
• Journalism Now: The Times Winchester University Journalism History project on the Times in the nineteenth century