Tuesday, 31 July 2012
Dictionary
  • state \state\ (st[=a]t), n. [OE. stat, OF. estat, F. ['e]tat, fr. L. status a standing, position, fr. stare, statum, to stand. See Stand, and cf. Estate, Status.] 1. The circumstances or condition of a being or thing at any given time. [1913 Webster]
    State is a term nearly synonymous with "mode," but of a meaning more extensive, and is not exclusively limited to the mutable and contingent. --Sir W. Hamilton. [1913 Webster]
    Declare the past and present state of things. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]
    Keep the state of the question in your eye. --Boyle. [1913 Webster]
    2. Rank; condition; quality; as, the state of honor. [1913 Webster]
    Thy honor, state, and seat is due to me. --Shak. [1913 Webster]
    3. Condition of prosperity or grandeur; wealthy or prosperous circumstances; social importance. [1913 Webster]
    She instructed him how he should keep state, and yet with a modest sense of his misfortunes. --Bacon. [1913 Webster]
    Can this imperious lord forget to reign, Quit all his state, descend, and serve again? --Pope. [1913 Webster]
    4. Appearance of grandeur or dignity; pomp. [1913 Webster]
    Where least of state there most of love is shown. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]
    5. A chair with a canopy above it, often standing on a dais; a seat of dignity; also, the canopy itself. [Obs.] [1913 Webster]
    His high throne, . . . under state Of richest texture spread. --Milton. [1913 Webster]
    When he went to court, he used to kick away the state, and sit down by his prince cheek by jowl. --Swift. [1913 Webster]
    6. Estate; possession. [Obs.] --Daniel. [1913 Webster]
    Your state, my lord, again is yours. --Massinger. [1913 Webster]
    7. A person of high rank. [Obs.] --Latimer. [1913 Webster]
    8. Any body of men united by profession, or constituting a community of a particular character; as, the civil and ecclesiastical states, or the lords spiritual and temporal and the commons, in Great Britain. Cf. Estate, n., 6. [1913 Webster]
    9. The principal persons in a government. [1913 Webster]
    The bold design Pleased highly those infernal states. --Milton. [1913 Webster]
    10. The bodies that constitute the legislature of a country; as, the States-general of Holland. [1913 Webster]
    11. A form of government which is not monarchial, as a republic. [Obs.] [1913 Webster]
    Well monarchies may own religion's name, But states are atheists in their very fame. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]
    12. A political body, or body politic; the whole body of people who are united under one government, whatever may be the form of the government; a nation. [1913 Webster]
    Municipal law is a rule of conduct prescribed by the supreme power in a state. --Blackstone. [1913 Webster]
    The Puritans in the reign of Mary, driven from their homes, sought an asylum in Geneva, where they found a state without a king, and a church without a bishop. --R. Choate. [1913 Webster]
    13. In the United States, one of the commonwealths, or bodies politic, the people of which make up the body of the nation, and which, under the national constitution, stand in certain specified relations with the national government, and are invested, as commonwealths, with full power in their several spheres over all matters not expressly inhibited. [1913 Webster]
    Note: The term state, in its technical sense, is used in distinction from the federal system, i. e., the government of the United States. [1913 Webster]
    14. Highest and stationary condition, as that of maturity between growth and decline, or as that of crisis between the increase and the abating of a disease; height; acme. [Obs.] [1913 Webster]
    Note: When state is joined with another word, or used adjectively, it denotes public, or what belongs to the community or body politic, or to the government; also, what belongs to the States severally in the American Union; as, state affairs; state policy; state laws of Iowa. [1913 Webster]
    Nascent state. (Chem.) See under Nascent.
    Secretary of state. See Secretary, n., 3.
    state bargea royal barge, or a barge belonging to a government.
    state bed, an elaborately carved or decorated bed.
    state carriage, a highly decorated carriage for officials going in state, or taking part in public processions.
    state paper, an official paper relating to the interests or government of a state. --Jay.
    state prison, a public prison or penitentiary; -- called also state's prison.
    state prisoner, one in confinement, or under arrest, for a political offense.
    state rights, or States' rights, the rights of the several independent States, as distinguished from the rights of the Federal government. It has been a question as to what rights have been vested in the general government. [U.S.]
    state's evidence. See Probator, 2, and under Evidence.
    state sword, a sword used on state occasions, being borne before a sovereign by an attendant of high rank.
    state trial, a trial of a person for a political offense.
    States of the Church. See under Ecclesiastical. [1913 Webster]
    Syn: state, Situation, Condition.
    Usage: state is the generic term, and denotes in general the mode in which a thing stands or exists. The situation of a thing is its state in reference to external objects and influences; its condition is its internal state, or what it is in itself considered. Our situation is good or bad as outward things bear favorably or unfavorably upon us; our condition is good or bad according to the state we are actually in as respects our persons, families, property, and other things which comprise our sources of enjoyment. [1913 Webster]
    I do not, brother, Infer as if I thought my sister's state Secure without all doubt or controversy. --Milton. [1913 Webster]
    We hoped to enjoy with ease what, in our situation, might be called the luxuries of life. --Cook. [1913 Webster]
    And, O, what man's condition can be worse Than his whom plenty starves and blessings curse? --Cowley. [1913 Webster]
  • state \state\ (st[=a]t), a. 1. Stately. [Obs.] --Spenser. [1913 Webster]
    2. Belonging to the state, or body politic; public. [1913 Webster]
  • state \state\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Stated; p. pr. & vb. n. Stating.] 1. To set; to settle; to establish. [R.] [1913 Webster]
    I myself, though meanest stated, And in court now almost hated. --Wither. [1913 Webster]
    Who calls the council, states the certain day. --Pope. [1913 Webster]
    2. To express the particulars of; to set down in detail or in gross; to represent fully in words; to narrate; to recite; as, to state the facts of a case, one's opinion, etc. [1913 Webster]
    To state it. To assume state or dignity. [Obs.] "Rarely dressed up, and taught to state it." --Beau. & Fl. [1913 Webster]
  • state \state\, n. A statement; also, a document containing a statement. [R.] --Sir W. Scott. [1913 Webster]
  • Argillaceous \Ar`gil*la"ceous\, a. [L. argillaceus, fr. argilla.] Of the nature of clay; consisting of, or containing, argil or clay; clayey. [1913 Webster]
    Argillaceous sandstone (Geol.), a sandstone containing much clay.
    Argillaceous iron ore, the clay ironstone.
    Argillaceous schist or state. See Argillite. [1913 Webster]
  • state n 1: the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation; "his state is in the deep south" [syn: state, province] 2: the way something is with respect to its main attributes; "the current state of knowledge"; "his state of health"; "in a weak financial state" 3: the group of people comprising the government of a sovereign state; "the state has lowered its income tax" 4: a politically organized body of people under a single government; "the state has elected a new president"; "African nations"; "students who had come to the nation's capitol"; "the country's largest manufacturer"; "an industrialized land" [syn: state, nation, country, land, commonwealth, res publica, body politic] 5: (chemistry) the three traditional states of matter are solids (fixed shape and volume) and liquids (fixed volume and shaped by the container) and gases (filling the container); "the solid state of water is called ice" [syn: state of matter, state] 6: a state of depression or agitation; "he was in such a state you just couldn't reason with him" 7: the territory occupied by a nation; "he returned to the land of his birth"; "he visited several European countries" [syn: country, state, land] 8: the federal department in the United States that sets and maintains foreign policies; "the Department of state was created in 1789" [syn: Department of state, United States Department of state, state Department, state, DoS] v 1: express in words; "He said that he wanted to marry her"; "tell me what is bothering you"; "state your opinion"; "state your name" [syn: state, say, tell] 2: put before; "I submit to you that the accused is guilty" [syn: submit, state, put forward, posit] 3: indicate through a symbol, formula, etc.; "Can you express this distance in kilometers?" [syn: express, state]
  • state
    <storage, architecture, jargon, theory> How something is; its configuration, attributes, condition, or information content. The state of a system is usually temporary (i.e. it changes with time) and volatile (i.e. it will be lost or reset to some initial state if the system is switched off).
    A state may be considered to be a point in some space of all possible states. A simple example is a light, which is either on or off. A complex example is the electrical activation in a human brain while solving a problem.
    In computing and related fields, states, as in the light example, are often modelled as being discrete (rather than continuous) and the transition from one state to another is considered to be instantaneous. Another (related) property of a system is the number of possible states it may exhibit. This may be finite or infinite. A common model for a system with a finite number of discrete state is a finite state machine.
    [Jargon File]
    (1996-10-13)
  • state n.
    1. Condition, situation. "What's the state of your latest hack?" "It's winning away." "The system tried to read and write the disk simultaneously and got into a totally wedged state." The standard question "What's your state?" means "What are you doing?" or "What are you about to do?" Typical answers are "about to gronk out", or "hungry". Another standard question is "What's the state of the world?", meaning "What's new?" or "What's going on?". The more terse and humorous way of asking these questions would be "state-p?". Another way of phrasing the first question under sense 1 would be "state-p latest hack?".
    2. Information being maintained in non-permanent memory (electronic or human).
  • state, condition of persons. This word has various acceptations. If we inquire into its origin, it will be found to come from the Latin status, which is derived from the verb stare, sto, whence has been made statio, which signifies the place where a person is located, stat, to fulfill the obligations which are imposed upon him. 2. state is that quality which belongs to a person in society, and which secures to, and imposes upon him different rights and duties in consequence of the difference of that quality. 3. Although all men come from the hands of nature upon an equality, yet there are among them marked differences. It is from nature that come the distinctions of the sexes, fathers and children, of age and youth, &c. 4. The civil or municipal laws of each people, have added to these natural qualities, distinctions which are purely civil and arbitrary, founded on the manners of the people, or in the will of the legislature. Such are the differences, which these laws have established between citizens and aliens, between magistrates and subjects, and between freemen and slaves; and those which exist in some countries between nobles and plebeians, which differences are either unknown or contrary to natural law. 5. Although these latter distinctions are more particularly subject to the civil or municipal law, because to it they owe their origin, it nevertheless extends its authority over the natural qualities, not to destroy or to weaken them, but to confirm them and to render them more inviolable by positive rules and by certain maxims. This union of the civil or municipal and natural law, form among men a third species of differences which may be called mixed, because they participate of both, and derive their principles from nature and the perfection of the law; for example, infancy or the privileges which belong to it, have their foundation in natural law; but the age and the term of these prerogatives are determined by the civil or municipal law. 6. Three sorts of different qualities which form the state or condition of men may then be distinguished: those which are purely natural, those purely civil, and those which are composed of the natural and civil or municipal law. Vide 3 Bl. Com. 396; 1 Toull. n. 170, 171; Civil state.
  • state, government. This word is used in various senses. In its most enlarged sense, it signifies a self-sufficient body of persons united together in one community for the defence of their rights, and to do right and justice to foreigners. In this sense, the state means the whole people united into one body politic; (q.v.) and the state, and the people of the state, are equivalent expressions. 1 Pet. Cond. Rep. 37 to 39; 3 Dall. 93; 2 Dall. 425; 2 Wilson's Lect. 120; Dane's Appx. Sec. 50, p. 63 1 Story, Const. Sec. 361. In a more limited sense, the word `state' expresses merely the positive or actual organization of the legislative, or judicial powers; thus the actual government of the state is designated by the name of the state; hence the expression, the state has passed such a law, or prohibited such an act. State also means the section of territory occupied by a state, as the state of Pennsylvania. 2. By the word state is also meant, more particularly, one of the commonwealths which form the United States of America. The constitution of the United States makes the following provisions in relation to the states. 3. Art. 1, s. 9, Sec. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles exported from any state. No preference shall be given by any regulation of commerce or revenue to the ports of one state over those of another, nor shall vessels bound to or from one state be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 4.-Sec. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditures of all public money shall be published from time to time. 5.-Sec. 7. No title of nobility shall be granted by the United States, and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from, any king, prince, or foreign state. 6.-Art. 1, s. 10, Sec. 1. No state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation; grant letters of marque and reprisal; coin money; emit bills of credit; make anything but gold and silver coin a tender in payments of debts; pass any bill of attainder, ex-post-facto, or law impairing the obligation of contracts; or grant any title of nobility. 7.-Sec. 2. No state shall, without the consent of congress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any state on imports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States, and all such laws shall be subject to the revision and control of congress. No state, shall, without the consent of congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. 8. The district of Columbia and the territorial districts of the United States, are not states within the meaning of the constitution and of the judiciary act, so as to enable a citizen thereof to sue a citizen of one of the states in the federal courts. 2 Cranch, 445; 1 Wheat. 91. 9. The several states composing the United States are sovereign and independent, in all things not surrendered to the national government by the constitution, and are considered, on general principles, by each other as foreign states, yet their mutual relations are rather those of domestic independence, than of foreign alienation. 7 Cranch, 481; 3 Wheat. 324; 1 Greenl. Ev. Sec. 489, 504. Vide, generally, Mr. Madison's report in the legislature of Virginia, January, 1800; 1 Story's Com. on Const. Sec. 208; 1 Kent, Com. 189, note b; Grotius, B. 1, c. 1, s. 14; Id. B. 3, c. 3, s. 2; Burlamaqui, vol. 2, pt. 1, c. 4, s. 9; Vattel, B. 1, c. 1; 1 Toull. n. 202, note 1 Nation; Cicer. de Repub. 1. 1, s. 25.
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    5:58
    Porter Robinson - The State
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