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Front Line Assembly
Live performance at Magic Stick in Detroit, MI in 2007
Background information
Origin	Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Genres	Electro-industrial, EBM, industrial metal
Years active	1986–present
Labels	KK Records Third Mind Records Metropolis
Associated acts	Conjure One, Cyberaktif, Delerium, Equinox, Intermix, Left Spine Down, Noise Unit, Pro>Tech, Synæsthesia, Will
Members
Bill Leeb Chris Peterson Jeremy Inkel Jared Slingerland Jason Bazinet (live drums)
Past members
Michael Balch Rhys Fulber Jeff Stoddard Devin Townsend Jed Simon Jason Filipchuk Adrian White Glen Reely Greg Reely Jason Hagen Craig Joseph Huxtable

Front Line Assembly (FLA) is a Canadian electro-industrial band formed by Bill Leeb in 1986 after leaving Skinny Puppy. Influenced by early electronic and (post-)industrial acts such as Cabaret Voltaire, Portion Control, D.A.F., Test Dept, SPK, and Severed Heads,^[1] FLA has developed its own unique sound while combining elements of electronic body music (EBM). The band's membership has rotated through several members over the years, including Rhys Fulber and Michael Balch who are both associated with several other successful artists.

History[link]

Formation (1985–1986)[link]

Between 1985–1986, Bill Leeb supported Skinny Puppy under the name Wilhelm Schroeder. As an early friend of the band he contributed bass synth and backing vocals for several tracks while also supporting their 1985 tour. Leeb reflects on this period, "Skinny Puppy was a good starting point for me, but there was definitely no way for me to get my ideas across."^[1] His experiences working with Skinny Puppy gave him some insight in the industry and helped shape his ideas for his own personal career.^[2]

Upon the formation of Front Line Assembly, Leeb produced the Nerve War demo tape which was distributed on a limited basis (an estimated 50–100 copies were produced).^[3] Around this time, Leeb and Rhys Fulber became friends when they discovered they both had a similar interest in underground music. As an unofficial member at this time, Fulber partnered with Leeb during the production of Total Terror and was credited for the song "Black Fluid" on the demo.^[4]

Debut and first album (1987–1988)[link]

In 1987, Front Line Assembly debuted its first album The Initial Command (KK Records, Belgium) with credited assistance by Fulber and Balch. The album had been produced on a tight budget which would determine whether or not cuts would be done with an eight track system or split into two four track cuts.^[5] After finally reaching a point of relative stability, the band's next album, State of Mind, was released on Third Mind records in 1988.^[6]

After working with FLA on an unofficial basis, Balch officially joined the band in 1988 and began writing songs alongside Leeb for the next few albums.^[7] Balch mostly contributed by providing keyboards and programming. As Leeb put it, "I would write the songs, and he was really good with the software."^[2] This partnership produced the releases Corrosion and Disorder in 1988 which were released together later that year with three more unreleased tracks in the compilations Convergence and Corroded Disorder.

Growing popularity (1989–1991)[link]

Fueled by growing success, FLA produced their next album Gashed Senses and Crossfire. This album introduced the single "Digital Tension Dementia" which caught the attention of many underground music fans and disc jockeys.^{[citation needed]} While FLA was beginning to grow in popularity, Balch parted ways to join Ministry. Filling the void, Rhys Fulber officially joined and the two produced Caustic Grip—an instant classic with underground fans. Leeb attributed this success to his new partnership with Rhys due to their similar taste in music while noting that Rhys was "a lot more fun to work with."^[8] In 1990, the duo released the non-album single, Virus, which sounded similar in style to the tracks from Caustic Grip. The single, along with the accompanying music video, gained extensive attention in industrial and dance clubs world wide.^{[citation needed]}

Changing style and direction (1992–1995)[link]

In 1992, Front Line Assembly reached a turning point in the band's musical style with the album Tactical Neural Implant. Leeb and Fulber intended to create an album with the intensity of Caustic Grip but with song structures "like bands who really write songs."^[9] After a week, the duo gave up that method and started over. Their new method, as described by Leeb, was just finding what "sounds good."^[9] The resulting album pushed FLA's style toward a hard-edged disco while "having more in common with Nine Inch Nails than Skinny Puppy."^[10][11] This album helped FLA become one of industrial music's most popular bands. The next album Millennium (1994)^[6] featured a combination of metal guitars, electronic music, and media sampling (much of which was taken from the Michael Douglas film Falling Down) which had become one of the characteristics of industrial rock and industrial metal during the 1990s. Hard Wired (1995)^[6] and the world tour following the release was FLA's most successful commercial and critical period^{[citation needed]}.

Fulber replaced by Peterson (1997–2002)[link]

In 1997, Rhys Fulber left the band to concentrate on producing Fear Factory along with other bands. Chris Peterson, who had already supported the band's live shows, replaced Fulber. Soon after Fulber quit, the 1997 album [FLA]vour of the Weak was released. Yet again, the album was stylistically divergent from previous releases. The metal influences found in Millennium gave way to a more electronica sound within the new release.

Front Line Assembly made somewhat of a return to their former sound with the album Implode (1999), followed by Epitaph (2001), as well as half of the soundtrack for the video game Quake III Arena in 1999. Chris Peterson left FLA in 2002. Through most of that year it was rumoured that the band had essentially broken up.^{[citation needed]}

Fulber returns, and Peterson (2003–2009)[link]

Rhys Fulber rejoined the band in 2003. The reunited duo released the single Maniacal in October of that same year, launching a new phase in the band's career. The next year, they released the studio album Civilization. Chris Peterson later rejoined the band to release Artificial Soldier in 2006. The following tour was cut short due to a problem with the company supplying the tour bus. The band acknowledged that they were returning home to Vancouver earlier than planned after playing roughly half of their scheduled tour in the United States (dates in New York and Canada were canceled). The band toured in Europe in August 2006 covering 18 cities.

In April 2007, Front Line Assembly released a remix album titled Fallout. The album was released in a 4-panel digipak and featured three previously unreleased tracks ("Electric Dreams," "Unconscious," and "Armageddon") and nine remixes by several other Industrial acts and names.^[12] After the release of the remix album, the band went out to tour North America and Europe.

Improvised Electronic Device (2010–Present)[link]

In 2010, Front Line Assembly, with new members Jeremy Inkel and Jared Slingerland, released a new single, Shifting Through the Lens (released 28 May 2010), and album, Improvised Electronic Device (released 25 June 2010),^[13] the latter also available as a a deluxe edition featuring two extra tracks (only available as a digital release). As described on Dependent Records' website, the album is described as "stronger and more danceable" when compared to immediately previous releases. "Angriff", the second single from the album, is further described as "wandering on metal paths reminiscent of Rammstein and their own Millennium [sic] album."^[14] In 2012, Leeb mentioned that a new album will be completed by the end of the year, though no official announcement or tour date has been released.^{[citation needed]}

Name spelling[link]

The spelling of the band name has varied over the years. Various albums (e.g. from the early State of Mind to the recent Artificial Soldier) spell the name in compound form ("Frontline Assembly") while the majority spell it in three words. (The abbreviation "FLA", also used on various albums, suggests that the correct spelling, to the extent that there is one, is indeed three separate words.) The music press has consequently not used any consistent spelling.

Members[link]

Current members[link]

The current official line-up^[14] of Front Line Assembly consists of:

• Bill Leeb
• Chris Peterson
• Jeremy Inkel
• Jared Slingerland

Key former members[link]

Front Line Assembly has frequently changed personnel since Leeb started the band in 1986. Rhys Fulber, Greg Reely, and Chris Peterson have been members of Front Line Assembly for the longest time and have significantly influenced the band.

Other former members[link]

Various other members of the band have included:

• Michael Balch
• Jeff Stoddard
• Devin Townsend
• Jed Simon
• Pinhead
• Jason Filipchuk
• Adrian White
• Greg Reely
• Jason Hagen
• Craig Joseph Huxtable

Member timeline[link]

 id:Studio         value:rgb(0,0,0.7)  legend:Studio
 id:Live           value:rgb(0,0.5,0)  legend:Live
 id:Both           value:red      legend:Both Studio & Live
 id:grid1          value:gray(0.3)

 bar:Leeb text:"Bill Leeb"
 bar:Balch text:"Michael Balch"
 bar:Fulber text:"Rhys Fulber"
 bar:Stoddard text:"Jeff Stoddard"
 bar:Reely text:"Greg Reely"
 bar:Townsend text:"Devin Townsend"
 bar:White text:"Adrian White"
 bar:Simon text:"Jed Simon"
 bar:Peterson text:"Chris Peterson"
 bar:Hagen text:"Jason Hagen"
 bar:Filipchuk text:"Jason Filipchuk"
 bar:Inkel text:"Jeremy Inkel"
 bar:Huxtable text:"Craig Huxtable"
 bar:Slingerland text:"Jared Slingerland 
 bar:Reely2 text:"Glen Reely"
 bar:Bazinet text:"Jason Bazinet"

 width:10 textcolor:black align:left anchor:from shift:(10,-4)
 bar:Leeb from:1986 till:end color:Both
 bar:Balch from:1986 till:1989 color:Studio
 bar:Balch from:1989 till:1990 color:Both
 bar:Fulber from:1986 till:1987 color:Studio
 bar:Fulber from:1989 till:1990 color:Live
 bar:Fulber from:1990 till:1997 color:Both
 bar:Fulber from:1997 till:1998 color:Studio
 bar:Fulber from:2002 till:2008 color:Studio
 bar:Stoddard from:1990 till:1993 color:Studio
 bar:Reely from:1990 till:1995 color:Studio
 bar:Reely from:1995 till:2000 color:Both
 bar:Reely from:2000 till:end color:Studio
 bar:Peterson from:1991 till:1993 color:Live
 bar:Peterson from:1997 till:1998 color:Studio
 bar:Peterson from:1998 till:2003 color:Both
 bar:Peterson from:2006 till:2008 color:Both
 bar:Peterson from:2010 till:2011 color:Studio
 bar:Inkel from:2005 till:2006 color:Studio
 bar:Inkel from:2006 till:end color:Both
 bar:Slingerland from:2005 till:2006 color:Studio
 bar:Slingerland from:2006 till:end color:Both
 bar:Townsend from:1994 till:1996 color:Studio
 bar:Simon from:1995 till:1999 color:Live
 bar:Simon from:1999 till:2000 color:Both
 bar:Filipchuk from:1998 till:2000 color:Live
 bar:Filipchuk from:2000 till:2001 color:Both
 bar:Filipchuk from:2001 till:2003 color:Live
 bar:White from:1995 till:1997 color:Live
 bar:White from:2002 till:2003 color:Live
 bar:White from:2006 till:2008 color:Both
 bar:Reely2 from:2006 till:end color:Live
 bar:Hagen from:1998 till:2000 color:Live
 bar:Huxtable from:2006 till:2007 color:Live
 bar:Huxtable from:2009 till:end color:Studio
 bar:Bazinet from:2010 till:end color:live

Discography[link]

Major Releases

• The Initial Command (1987)
• State of Mind (1988)
• Corrosion (1988)
• Disorder EP (1988)
• Convergence (1988)
• Gashed Senses And Crossfire (1989)
• Caustic Grip (1990)
• Tactical Neural Implant (1992)
• Millennium (1994)
• Hard Wired (1995)
• [FLA]vour of the Weak (1997)
• Implode (1999)
• Epitaph (2001)
• Civilization (2004)
• Artificial Soldier (2006)
• Improvised Electronic Device (2010)

Associated acts[link]

Side-projects involving one or more FLA member:

• Conjure One
• Cyberaktif
• Delerium
• Equinox
• Fauxliage
• Intermix
• Left Spine Down
• Noise Unit
• Pro>Tech
• Synæsthesia
• Stiff Valentine
• We Will Follow: A Tribute to U2 (features a song by Front Line Assembly and Tiffany)
• Will

References[link]

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (April 2012)

• Front Line Assembly Interview on NY Public TV
• Interview with Rhys Fulber] at Legends Magazine
• Front Line Assembly Interview in Chaos Control Digizine
• Jon Bains Interview with Third Mind Records Founder Gary Levermore at Obsolete.com

External links[link]

• Front Line Assembly on Myspace
• Mindphaser.com Unofficial Site
• Front Line Assembly discography at MusicBrainz

It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Front (military). (Discuss) Proposed since July 2011.

A front line is the farthest-most forward position(s) of an armed force's personnel and equipment - generally in respect of maritime or land forces. Forward Line of Own Troops (FLOT), or Forward Edge of Battle Area (FEBA) are technical terms used by all branches of the armed services. They are a battlespace control measure that designate the forward-most friendly maritime or land forces on the battlefield at a given point in time, during an armed conflict. FLOT/FEBA may include covering and screening forces. The Forward Line of Enemy Troops (FLET), is the FEBA from the enemy's perspective.

The adjective variant of the term front line is used to describe materiel or personnel intended for forward use - at sea, on land or in the air - i.e. at the front line.

In both the naval and land campaigns of World War I, FEBAs, FLOTs and FLETs could often be identified by eye (for example, in France and Belgium, defined by opposing defensive trench systems). Typical current conflicts are vastly different, characterised by 'war amongst the people', the concept of a 'three block war' and the presence of an asymmetric, 360-degree threat from irregular (or extremist/terrorist) combatants. In these cases, the front line, FEBA, FLOT and FLET are almost conceptual ideas; and the term 'front line' has come to refer more to any place where bullets and bombs are flying - or are likely to fly.

See also[link]

• Front (military)
• Rear (military)

External links[link]

• Which way to the FEBA?, Maj John M. Fawcett, Jr., USAF, Airpower Journal

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