Diagram of an insect leg

A leg is a weight bearing and locomotive structure, usually having a columnar shape. During locomotion, legs function as "extensible struts"^[1] - the combination of movements at all joints can be modeled as a single, linear element capable of changing length and rotating about an omnidirectional "hip" joint.

As an anatomical animal structure it is used for locomotion. The distal end is often modified to distribute force (such as a foot). Most animals have an even number of legs.

As a component of furniture it is used for the economy of materials needed to provide the support for the useful surface, the table top or chair seat.

Terminology[link]

• Uniped: 1
• Biped: 2
• Triped: 3
• Quadruped: 4

Many taxa are characterized by the number of legs:

• Tetrapod
• Arthropoda: 4, 6 (Insecta), 8, 12, or 14
  • Some arthropods have more than a dozen legs; a few species possess over 100. Despite what their names might suggest,
    • Centipedes may have less than 20 or more than 300 legs.
    • Millipedes have fewer than 1,000 legs, but up to 750.

Tetrapod legs[link]

In tetrapod anatomy, leg is used to refer to the entire limb. In human medicine its precise definition refers^[2][3][4] only to the segment between the knee and the ankle. This segment is also called the shank,^[5][6] and the front (anterior) of the segment is called the shin or pretibia.

In bipedal tetrapods, the two lower limbs are referred to as the "legs" and the two upper limbs as "arms" or "wings" as the case may be.

• Human leg

Arthropod leg[link]

• Arthropod leg

Robotic leg[link]

• Robotic leg

Notes[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Leg

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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2012)

Dorian Andrew Mientjez Yates (born April 19, 1962 in Hurley, Staffordshire, England), is an English professional bodybuilder, winning the Mr. Olympia title six consecutive times beginning in 1992.^[1][2] He is fourth on the list of most Olympias won, and out of the seven in which he competed, he won six and placed second in his debut. Yates' supposed lack of elite genetics from birth and reputation for unique approaches and philosophies for training and nutrition have established his legendary status in IFBB history.^{[citation needed]}

Biography[link]

His reign ended with his retirement, prompted in large part by an accumulating list of chronic and career-threatening acute injuries; Yates had suffered both a torn biceps and triceps, the latter just three weeks prior to his final contest, his successful defense of the Mr. Olympia title in 1997. His professional record on retirement consisted of 15 wins and two second-place finishes.

Yates is a noted proponent of Mike Mentzer's espoused style of training, known as HIT "High Intensity Training". Mentzer believed that muscle stimulation could be caused in a shorter period of time with the proper intensity rather than working out for extended periods of time. However Yates' interviews and published workouts show that in practice he sometimes modified his application of Arlotta's theories considerably.

In 1994 Dorian incorporated with Mike Mentzer and Ray Mentzer the California corporation, "Heavy Duty Inc."

Post competition career[link]

Yates purchased a gym in 1987 called Temple Gym on Temple Street, Birmingham, England. In 2006 he franchised Temple Gym hoping to make it a worldwide chain; currently there are four branches, three of these in the UK.

In 1998, he joined Kerry Kayes to work for the newly named bodybuilding supplement company "Chemical Nutrition" (originally "Chemical Warfare", now "CNP Professional"), with their Dorian Yates Approved range for launch in the United States.

Yates left CNP Professional in 2006 to pursue his own interests and began a new supplement company, "Dorian Yates Ultimate Formulas". In 2008 the Dorian Yates website was re-designed, aiming to offer access to premium content and variety of services including virtual training.

As of 2011, Yates is the CEO of his own global supplement company called DY Nutrition. After a training DVD was released, Yates formulated several pre-workout products. Their initial success spawned the formulation of additional products in the DY Nutrition line.

Yates is also notorious for shunning the American lifestyle, despite being offered huge contracts. He preferred to stay in his native country. His nickname "The Shadow" derived from his ability to turn up at the contests, and win, despite remaining out of the limelight seemingly all year round. This element of mystique and underground status made him a bankable name while touring and giving seminars. (source Body Expo, Birmingham, 2012)

Books and videos[link]

In 1993 Yates published an autobiography titled Blood and Guts (ISBN 978-0-9636163-0-2).^[3] In 1996 Yates released a workout video (VHS) of the same title, featuring his typical week's weight training. In 1998 he co-authored A Warrior's Story (ISBN 978-0-9534764-0-4) in which he writes how he became the top professional bodybuilder.

Bodybuilding titles[link]

• 1985 World Games, 7th (amateur)
• 1986 British Championships, 1st Heavyweight
• 1988 British Championships, 1st Heavyweight and overall
• 1990 Night of Champions, 2nd
• 1991 Night of Champions, 1st
• 1991 Mr. Olympia, 2nd
• 1991 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1992 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1992 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1993 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1994 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1994 Spanish Grand Prix, 1st
• 1994 German Grand Prix, 1st
• 1994 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1995 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1996 Mr. Olympia, 1st
• 1996 Spanish Grand Prix, 1st
• 1996 German Grand Prix, 1st
• 1996 English Grand Prix, 1st
• 1997 Mr. Olympia, 1st

See also[link]

• Martial Arts Illustrated Magazine Interview with Dorian Yates
• List of male professional bodybuilders
• Arnold Classic

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.dorianyates.net/
• Dorian Yates Facebook Page
• 2011 Q&A With Dorian Yates

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2009)

Ronnie Dean Coleman
Ronnie Coleman in 2009
Personal Info
Nickname	Ronnie Coleman
Born	(1964-05-13) May 13, 1964 (age 48) Bastrop, Louisiana, U.S.
Height	5 ft 11 in (1.80 m)
Weight	Contest: 297 pounds (135 kg), Off season: 330 pounds (150 kg)
Professional Career
Pro-debut	1992 IFBB World Amateur Championships, 1992
Best win	IFBB Mr. Olympia 1998–2005,
Predecessor	Dorian Yates
Successor	Jay Cutler
Active	Since 1990

Ronnie Coleman 8 x Mr Olympia – 2009

Ronnie Coleman and wife in 2009

Ronnie Coleman talks to Tony Doherty of Doherty's Gym about his Mr. Olympia journey – 2009

Ronnie Dean "Big Ron" Coleman (born May 13, 1964 in Bastrop, Louisiana) is an American professional bodybuilder who holds the record of eight straight wins as Mr. Olympia, a record career total that he shares with Lee Haney.^[1] Alongside his eight Mr. Olympia wins as a professional bodybuilder, Coleman holds the record for most wins as an IFBB professional with 26. He broke the previous record (held by Vince Taylor at 22 wins) in Moscow on November 5, 2004.

Biography[link]

Ronnie Coleman graduated cum laude from Grambling State University (GSU) in 1986 with a B.S degree in accounting^{[citation needed]}. While attending Grambling State University Coleman also played football as a middle linebacker with the GSU Tigers under coach Eddie Robinson. After graduation, Coleman became a police officer in Arlington, Texas. Coleman's fellow officer Gustavo Arlotta suggested he attend the Metroflex gym, owned by amateur bodybuilder Brian Dobson. Dobson offered Coleman a free lifetime membership if he would allow him to train Coleman for the upcoming Mr. Texas bodybuilding competition that year.

After the training for the upcoming event of Mr. Texas, Coleman won first place in both the heavy weight and overall categories. He also defeated the man that trained him, Dobson. Coleman won his first competition as a professional—the Canada Pro Cup in 1995. The following year he won the contest again. Followed by a first place win in 1997, The Russian Grand Prix.

Coleman's success as a professional bodybuilder has led to many product endorsements and other opportunities in his career. Due to his bodybuilding profession Coleman undergoes a lot of travel to places such as Brazil, China, and Australia. Coleman also makes many guest appearances at gym openings all around the United States. Coleman has also made some training videos. His first training video; The Unbelievable; The Cost of Redemption; and On the Road. In these videos Coleman gives tips for more experienced weightlifters, while warning against over exertion and improper form.

When working out, Coleman prefers to use free weights rather than machines in order to maximize his flexibility and range of motion. He lifts weights four days per week, having cut down due to touring the world and cutting down on competitive events. Coleman supports the Inner City Games, an organization that Arnold Schwarzenegger co-founded in 1991. He was the recipient of the 2001 Admiral in the Texas Navy Certificate Award from Texas Governor Rick Perry for outstanding achievements in bodybuilding and for the promotion of physical fitness.

On June 30, 2009 on MuscleSport Radio, Coleman stated that he would compete in the 2010 Mr. Olympia competition.^{[citation needed]} Coleman also indicated that he would not participate in the 2009 Mr. Olympia competition for lack of preparation time. On October 10, 2009 at the Northern Territory Fitness & Bodybuilding Titles in Darwin, Australia, Coleman confirmed that he would compete in the 2010 Mr. Olympia competition, however, he did not appear at the 2010 Mr. Olympia competition.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life[link]

Ronnie Coleman was married for the first time at the age of 43 to Rouaida Christine Achkar in December 2007. He also has two daughters, Jamilleah and Valencia Daniel, and three young children from another relationship ^[2] Coleman is a Christian.^[3][4] Coleman underwent surgery for a spinal issue in December 2011, and was recovering in January 2012.^[5][6]

Bodybuilding titles[link]

• 1990 Mr. Texas (Heavyweight & Overall)
• 1991 World Amateur Championships (Heavyweight)
• 1995 Canada Pro Cup
• 1996 Canada Pro Cup
• 1997 Grand Prix Russia
• 1998 Night of Champions
• 1998 Toronto Pro Invitational
• 1998 Mr. Olympia
• 1998 Grand Prix Finland
• 1998 Grand Prix Germany
• 1999 Mr. Olympia
• 1999 World Pro Championships
• 1999 Grand Prix England
• 2000 Mr. Brody Langley
• 2000 Grand Prix England
• 2000 World Pro Championships
• 2000 Mr. Olympia
• 2001 Arnold Schwarzenegger Classic
• 2001 Mr. Olympia
• 2001 New Zealand Grand Prix
• 2002 Mr. Olympia
• 2002 Grand Prix Holland
• 2003 Mr. Olympia
• 2003 Grand Prix Russia
• 2004 Mr. Olympia
• 2004 Grand Prix England
• 2004 Grand Prix Holland
• 2004 Grand Prix Russia
• 2005 Mr. Olympia
• 2006 Grand Prix Austria – IFBB, 2nd
• 2006 Grand Prix Holland – IFBB, 2nd
• 2006 Grand Prix Romania – IFBB, 2nd
• 2006 Olympia – IFBB, 2nd
• 2007 Olympia – IFBB, 4th

See also[link]

Biography portal

• Arnold Classic
• List of male professional bodybuilders

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Ronnie Coleman

• Official website
• MuscleSport Mag article on comeback during radio interview