Vimeo results:
Youtube results:
Friday, 31 August 2012
- god \god\, v. t. To treat as a god; to idolize. [Obs.] --Shak. [1913 Webster]
- god \god\, a. & n. Good. [Obs.] --Chaucer. [1913 Webster]
-
god \god\ (g[o^]d), n. [AS. god; akin to OS. & D. god, OHG. got, G. gott, Icel. gu[eth], go[eth], Sw. & Dan. gud, Goth. gup, prob. orig. a p. p. from a root appearing in Skr. h[=u], p. p. h[=u]ta, to call upon, invoke, implore. [root]30. Cf. Goodbye, Gospel, Gossip.] 1. A being conceived of as possessing supernatural power, and to be propitiated by sacrifice, worship, etc.; a divinity; a deity; an object of worship; an idol. [1913 Webster]
He maketh a god, and worshipeth it. --Is. xliv. 15. [1913 Webster]
The race of Israel . . . bowing lowly down To bestial gods. --Milton. [1913 Webster]
2. The Supreme Being; the eternal and infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sovereign of the universe; Jehovah. [1913 Webster]
God is a Spirit; and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth. --John iv. 24. [1913 Webster]
3. A person or thing deified and honored as the chief good; an object of supreme regard. [1913 Webster]
Whose god is their belly. --Phil. iii. 19. [1913 Webster]
4. Figuratively applied to one who wields great or despotic power. [R.] --Shak. [1913 Webster]
Act of god. (Law) See under Act.
Gallery gods, the occupants of the highest and cheapest gallery of a theater. [Colloq.]
god's acre, god's field, a burial place; a churchyard. See under Acre.
god's house. (a) An almshouse. [Obs.] (b) A church.
god's penny, earnest penny. [Obs.] --Beau. & Fl.
god's Sunday, Easter. [1913 Webster] - god n 1: the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions [syn: god, Supreme Being] 2: any supernatural being worshipped as controlling some part of the world or some aspect of life or who is the personification of a force [syn: deity, divinity, god, immortal] 3: a man of such superior qualities that he seems like a deity to other people; "he was a god among men" 4: a material effigy that is worshipped; "thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image"; "money was his god" [syn: idol, graven image, god]
- god Global OutDial
- god Grundsaetze ordnungsmaessiger Datenverarbeitung, "god"
-
god. From the Saxon god, good. The source of all good; the supreme being. 1. Every man is presumed to believe in god, and he who opposes a witness on the ground of his unbelief is bound to prove it. 3 Bouv. Inst. u. 3180. 2. Blasphemy against the Almighty, by denying his being or providence, was an offence punishable at common law by fine and imprisonment, or other infamous corporal punishment. 4 Bl. Corn. 60; 1 East, P. C. 3; 1 Russ. on Crimes, 217. This offence his been enlarged in Pennsylvania, and perhaps most of the states, by statutory provision. Vide Christianity; Blasphemy; 11 Serg. & Rawle, 394. 3. By article 1, of amendments to the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that "Congress shall make no laws respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." In the United States, therefore, every one is allowed to worship god according to the dictates of his own conscience.
God
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- Absolute truth
- Acosmism
- Adonai
- Afterlife
- Agnostic
- Agnosticism
- Ahl-e Haqq
- Ahura Mazda
- Al-Ghazali
- Alister McGrath
- Allah
- Allegory
- Allāh
- Alvin Plantinga
- Analogical
- Angel
- Angels in Islam
- Anglicanism
- Animism
- Anthropology
- Anthropomorphic
- Anthropomorphism
- Anthropomorphize
- Anti-Catholicism
- Anti-Christianity
- Anti-cult movement
- Anti-Hinduism
- Anti-Judaism
- Anti-Protestantism
- Antireligion
- Antony Flew
- Apatheism
- Apocalypticism
- Apologetics
- Apophatic theology
- Apostasy
- Arabic
- Arabic calligraphy
- Arabic language
- Argument from beauty
- Argument from degree
- Argument from desire
- Argument from love
- Argument from Reason
- Athanasian Creed
- Atheism
- Attributes of God
- Augustine of Hippo
- Ayyavazhi
- Ayyavazhi theology
- Baha'i
- Bahá'í apologetics
- Bahá'í Faith
- Belief
- Bertrand du Castel
- Bhagavata
- Bible
- Biblical canon
- Binitarianism
- Blaise Pascal
- Body
- Brahma (Buddhism)
- Brahman
- Buddhism
- Buddhist eschatology
- Bön
- Cao Dai
- Carl Sagan
- Category Apologetics
- Category Eschatology
- Category God
- Category Religion
- Category Theism
- Category Theologians
- Category Theology
- Catholicism
- Celtic polytheism
- Cheondoism
- Chosen people
- Christian
- Christian cosmology
- Christian ethics
- Christian feminism
- Christian philosophy
- Christian theology
- Christianity
- Christianization
- Christians
- Christology
- Clergy
- Cliff Pickover
- Codex Argenteus
- Comma Johanneum
- Comparative religion
- Conceptions of God
- Confucianism
- Conservative Judaism
- Consubstantiality
- Creator deity
- Criticism of Islam
- Criticism of Jainism
- Criticism of Judaism
- Cyprus
- David Hume
- Deism
- Deity
- Demiurge
- Demon
- Deva (New Age)
- Dharma
- Dharmic religions
- Discordianism
- Ditheism
- Divine presence
- Divine providence
- Divine simplicity
- Divinity
- Djinn
- Doomsday films
- Dostoevsky
- Druze
- Dualism
- Dystheism
- East Asian religions
- Eastern Orthodox
- Ecclesiology
- Eckankar
- Edomite
- Egotheism
- El (god)
- Elohim
- Emanationism
- Emanuel Swedenborg
- Empirical
- English language
- Epistemology
- Epistle to Diognetus
- Epitheta
- Eschatology
- Esotericism
- Eternity
- Ethereal being
- Euthyphro dilemma
- Evangelism
- Evidentialist
- Existence
- Existence of God
- Exotheology
- Faith
- Family resemblance
- Feminist theology
- Fideism
- Finnish paganism
- Fire worship
- Free will
- Freedom of religion
- Fundamentalism
- Gender
- Gender of God
- Germanic paganism
- Germanic people
- Ghost Dance
- Ghosts
- Gnosis
- Gnosticism
- God
- God (disambiguation)
- God (male deity)
- God (word)
- God A Biography
- God as the Devil
- God complex
- God in Buddhism
- God in Christianity
- God in Hinduism
- God in Islam
- God in Jainism
- God in Judaism
- God in Sikhism
- God is dead
- God of the gaps
- God the Father
- God the Sustainer
- Goddess
- Goddesses
- Good and evil
- Grammatical gender
- Great Spirit
- Greece
- Greek mythology
- Gurung Dharma
- Guy Beck
- Hadith
- Hari
- HarperCollins
- Harris interactive
- Hasidic Judaism
- Heaven
- Henotheism
- Hermeticism
- Hindu eschatology
- Hindu theology
- Hinduism
- History of religions
- Hoa Hao
- Holocaust theology
- Homoousian
- I Am that I Am
- I-Kuan Tao
- Iconodules
- Immanence
- Immanual Kant
- Inclusivism
- Incorporeality
- Indian religions
- Indigenous religion
- Iranian religions
- Irreligion
- Islam
- Islamic eschatology
- Islamic feminism
- Islamic holy books
- Islamic theology
- Islamophobia
- Israel ben Eliezer
- J. J. C. Smart
- Jack Miles
- Jainism
- James Hastings
- Javanese beliefs
- Jehovah
- Jew
- Jewish eschatology
- Jewish feminism
- Jewish mysticism
- Jewish seminary
- Jewish theology
- Judaism
- Jugular vein
- Kabbalah
- Karaite Judaism
- Karen Armstrong
- Kathenotheism
- Krishna
- Krishnology
- LaVeyan Satanism
- List of deities
- List of philosophies
- Liturgy
- Logos
- Madrassas
- Mahayana
- Maimonides
- Malakh
- Male deity
- Mandaeism
- Manichaeism
- Matt Rossano
- Mazdak
- Medieval philosophy
- Meditation
- Messianism
- Metaphysics
- Michel Henry
- Michelangelo
- Midianite
- Minority religion
- Misotheism
- Missionary
- Mithraic mysteries
- Modern philosophy
- Monasticism
- Monism
- Monk
- Monolatrism
- Monotheism
- Monotheistic
- Moral obligation
- Mormonism
- Mother goddess
- Muslim
- Mysticism
- Names of God
- National church
- Nature
- Nature worship
- Necessity
- Neopaganism
- Neoplatonism
- Nestorianism
- Neurotheology
- Nevi'im
- New Age
- New Thought
- Nondualism
- Nontheism
- Numen
- Nun
- Olelbis
- Omnibenevolence
- Omnipotence
- Omnipotence paradox
- Omnipresence
- Omniscience
- Ontological argument
- Ontology
- Open Theism
- Open theism
- Ordination
- Orthodox Judaism
- Orthodoxy
- Orthopraxy
- Outline of religion
- Outline of theology
- Paleolithic religion
- Pandeism
- Panendeism
- Panentheism
- Pantheism
- Pantheon (gods)
- Pascal Boyer
- Pascal's Wager
- Paul Tillich
- Pensées
- Perichoresis
- Personal god
- Pew research center
- Philippine mythology
- Philo's view of God
- Philosophy
- Plural
- Poland
- Polemic
- Polydeism
- Polynesian mythology
- Polytheism
- Polytheistic
- Portal Religion
- Portugal
- Practical theology
- Prayer
- Prehistoric religion
- Problem of evil
- Problem of Hell
- Process theology
- Prophets of Islam
- Proselytism
- Protestanism
- Proto-Germanic
- Purpose of life
- Qur'an
- Quran
- R-Ḥ-M
- Rastafari movement
- Ravidassia religion
- Raëlism
- Reason
- Reform Judaism
- Religion
- Religious behaviour
- Religious belief
- Religious conversion
- Religious education
- Religious experience
- Religious fanaticism
- Religious naturalism
- Religious pluralism
- Religious studies
- Religious symbolism
- Religious terrorism
- Religious text
- Religious violence
- Religious war
- Revelation
- Richard Dawkins
- Richard Swinburne
- Ritual
- Robert Audi
- Roman Catholic
- Romania
- Sacrifice
- Saint
- Salvation
- Samaritan
- Samaritanism
- Sarav viāpak
- Schism (religion)
- Scientific method
- Scientology
- Secular theology
- Secularism
- Secularization
- Seicho-no-Ie
- Seminaries
- Shaivism
- Shaktism
- Shamanism
- Shia Islam
- Shinto
- Shramana
- Sigmund Freud
- Sikhism
- Simplicity
- Sin
- Sistine Chapel
- Slavic mythology
- Smartism
- Soap opera
- Sophiology
- Spiritualism
- Spirituality
- State religion
- Stephen Jay Gould
- Sufism
- Sunni Islam
- Supernatural
- Supersessionism
- Supreme Being
- Syncretic
- Syncretism
- Taoism
- Taryenyawagon
- Tawhid
- Tawhīd
- Ted Honderich
- Template God
- Template talk God
- Template talk Theism
- Template Theism
- Template Theology
- Tenrikyo
- Tetragrammaton
- The All
- The Lord
- TheFreeDictionary
- Theism
- Theist
- Theistic Satanism
- Thelema
- Theocracy
- Theodicy
- Theology
- Theology Proper
- Theopanism
- Theories of religion
- Theosophy
- Theravada
- Tian
- Timeline of religion
- Timothy Jurgensen
- Tirthankara
- Toleration
- Trademark argument
- Transtheistic
- Trilemma
- Trinitarian formula
- Trinity
- Turkey
- Unification Church
- Unitarianism
- Universalism
- Unmoved mover
- Urmonotheismus
- Vaishnavism
- Vajrayana
- Vasudeva
- Vishnu
- Water and religion
- Wealth and religion
- Wicca
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Wikipedia Media help
- Witness argument
- Women and Mormonism
- Women and religion
- Women in Buddhism
- Women in Hinduism
- World
- Worship
- Yahweh
- Yazidi
- YHVH
- Zen
- Zoroastrianism
- Zurvanism
- Émile Durkheim
- Śakra (Buddhism)
- ʾilāh
-
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Greece
http://wn.com/Greece -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Portugal
Portugal (, ), officially the Portuguese Republic (; ), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira are also part of Portugal.
http://wn.com/Portugal -
Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
http://wn.com/Romania -
Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel () is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. It is famous for its architecture, evocative of Solomon's Temple of the Old Testament, and its decoration that has been frescoed throughout by the greatest Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Raphael, Bernini, and Sandro Botticelli. Under the patronage of Pope Julius II, Michelangelo painted of the chapel ceiling between 1508 and 1512. He resented the commission, and believed his work only served the Pope's need for grandeur. However, today the ceiling, and especially The Last Judgement, are widely believed to be Michelangelo's crowning achievements in painting.
http://wn.com/Sistine_Chapel -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey
-
Ahl-e Haqq
http://wn.com/Ahl-e_Haqq -
Alister McGrath
Alister Edgar McGrath (born 23 January 1953) is a Christian theologian and apologist, who holds both a PhD (in molecular biophysics) and an earned Doctor of Divinity degree from Oxford. He is noted for his work in historical, systematic and scientific theology. He states that he was formerly an atheist and still believes in evolution.
http://wn.com/Alister_McGrath -
Alvin Plantinga
Alvin Carl Plantinga (born 1932) is an American analytic philosopher, formerly the John A. O'Brien Professor of Philosophy at the University of Notre Dame. He is known for his work in philosophy of religion, epistemology, metaphysics, and Christian apologetics. Plantinga is a Christian and known for applying the methods of analytic philosophy to defend orthodox Christian beliefs. Notably, he has argued that some people can know that God exists as a basic belief, requiring no argument, similar to how people usually claim to know that other minds exist. He has also argued that there is no logical inconsistency between the existence of evil and the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, wholly good God.
http://wn.com/Alvin_Plantinga -
Antony Flew
http://wn.com/Antony_Flew -
Augustine of Hippo
: For other uses, see Augustine, Augustinus and Saint Augustine.
http://wn.com/Augustine_of_Hippo -
Bertrand du Castel
| align="left"
http://wn.com/Bertrand_du_Castel -
Blaise Pascal
http://wn.com/Blaise_Pascal -
Buddhism
http://wn.com/Buddhism -
Carl Sagan
http://wn.com/Carl_Sagan -
David Hume
http://wn.com/David_Hume -
Dostoevsky
http://wn.com/Dostoevsky -
Emanuel Swedenborg
(born Emanuel Swedberg; January 29, 1688 – March 29, 1772) was a Swedish scientist, philosopher, Christian mystic and theologian. Swedenborg had a prolific career as an inventor and scientist. In 1741 at the age of fifty-three he entered into a spiritual phase [http://www.swedenborg.com/page.asp?page_name=aboutswedenborgexpanded] in which he eventually began to experience dreams and visions beginning on Easter weekend April 6, 1744. This culminated in a spiritual awakening, where he claimed he was appointed by the Lord to write a heavenly doctrine to reform Christianity. He claimed that the Lord had opened his eyes, so that from then on he could freely visit heaven and hell, and talk with angels, demons and other spirits. For the remaining 28 years of his life, he wrote and published 18 theological works, of which the best known was Heaven and Hell (1758), and several unpublished theological works.
http://wn.com/Emanuel_Swedenborg -
Immanual Kant
http://wn.com/Immanual_Kant -
Israel ben Eliezer
http://wn.com/Israel_ben_Eliezer -
J. J. C. Smart
John Jamieson Carswell "Jack" Smart AC (born 16 September 1920) is an Australian philosopher and academic who is currently Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at Monash University, Australia. He works in the fields of metaphysics, philosophy of science, philosophy of mind, philosophy of religion, and political philosophy.
http://wn.com/J_J_C_Smart -
Jack Miles
Jack Miles (born 1942) is an American author and winner of both the Pulitzer Prize and the MacArthur Fellowship. His work on religion, politics, and culture has appeared in numerous national publications, including The Atlantic Monthly, The New York Times, The Boston Globe, The Washington Post, and The Los Angeles Times.
http://wn.com/Jack_Miles -
James Hastings
http://wn.com/James_Hastings -
Jew
http://wn.com/Jew -
Karen Armstrong
Karen Armstrong FRSL (born 14 November 1944 in Wildmoor, Worcestershire) is a British author of numerous works on comparative religion, who first rose to prominence in 1993 with her highly successful A History of God. A former Roman Catholic nun, she asserts that, "All the great traditions are saying the same thing in much the same way, despite their surface differences." They each have in common, she says, an emphasis on the transcendent importance of compassion, as epitomized in the so-called Golden Rule: Do unto others as you would have others do unto you.
http://wn.com/Karen_Armstrong -
Maimonides
http://wn.com/Maimonides -
Mandaeism
http://wn.com/Mandaeism -
Manichaeism
http://wn.com/Manichaeism -
Mazdak
http://wn.com/Mazdak -
Michel Henry
Michel Henry (10 January 1922–3 July 2002) was a French philosopher and novelist. He wrote five novels and a great philosophical works. He also lectured at universities in France, Belgium, the United States of America, and Japan.
http://wn.com/Michel_Henry -
Michelangelo
http://wn.com/Michelangelo -
Olelbis
Olelbis (meaning "he who is above") is the creator deity in Wintun mythology. The antagonist of Olelbis is Sedit.
http://wn.com/Olelbis -
Pascal Boyer
Pascal Boyer (fl. c. 2000) is a French anthropologist who advocates the idea that human instincts provide us with the basis for an intuitive theory of mind that guides our social relations, morality, and s toward religious beliefs. Boyer and others propose that these innate mental systems make human beings predisposed to certain cultural elements such as belief in supernatural beings.
http://wn.com/Pascal_Boyer -
Paul Tillich
http://wn.com/Paul_Tillich -
Richard Dawkins
Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941) is a British ethologist and evolutionary biologist. He is a fellow of New College, Oxford, and was the University of Oxford's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008.
http://wn.com/Richard_Dawkins -
Richard Swinburne
Richard G. Swinburne (born 26 December 1934) is an Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University of Oxford. Over the last 50 years Swinburne has been a very influential proponent of natural theology, that is, philosophical arguments for the existence of God. His philosophical contributions are primarily in philosophy of religion and philosophy of science. He aroused much discussion with his early work in the philosophy of religion, a trilogy of books consisting of The Coherence of Theism, The Existence of God, and Faith and Reason.
http://wn.com/Richard_Swinburne -
Robert Audi
http://wn.com/Robert_Audi -
Samaritan
http://wn.com/Samaritan -
Sigmund Freud
http://wn.com/Sigmund_Freud -
Stephen Jay Gould
Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist and historian of science. He was also one of the most influential and widely read writers of popular science of his generation.
http://wn.com/Stephen_Jay_Gould -
Taryenyawagon
http://wn.com/Taryenyawagon -
Ted Honderich
Ted Honderich (born 30 January 1933) is a Canadian-born British philosopher, Grote Professor Emeritus of the Philosophy of Mind and Logic, University College London and Visiting Professor, University of Bath. His work has been mainly about five things: determinism's truth and its consequences for our lives; the nature of consciousness and its relation to the brain; right and wrong in the contemporary world, in particular with respect to terrorism; the supposed justifications of punishment by the state; and the political tradition of conservatism.
http://wn.com/Ted_Honderich -
Vasudeva
::For the Kushan king, see Vasudeva I. For the book by Narendra Kohli, see Vasudeva (book).
http://wn.com/Vasudeva -
Émile Durkheim
http://wn.com/Émile_Durkheim
Of Gods and Men (2011)
"Of Gods and Men (2011)" Actors
- Lambert Wilson
- Michael Lonsdale
- Olivier Rabourdin
- Roschdy Zem
- Sabrina Ouazani
- Goran Kostic
- Jacques Herlin
- Philippe Laudenbach
- Xavier Maly
"Of Gods and Men (2011)" Director
Godding Brothers, The Filmography
- The Travesty (2011)
- Time Bomb (2006)
- The Greatest Game Ever Played (2005)
- Maurice Richard (2005)
- Human Trafficking (2005)
- The Aviator (2004)
- The Day After Tomorrow (2004)
Godding, Sonia Filmography
- Adopted ID (2011)
- Adopted ID (2011)
- Adopted ID (2011)
- PJ Morton: Son of a Preacherman (2011)
- Reasonable Excuse (2008)
- The Unsellables (2008)
God, Manu Filmography
- The Great Kat
- SFA
- The Crucified
- Seven Nations
- Paul Weller
- Tori Amos
- Prince
- Rebecca St. James
- Morbid Death
- Nerina Pallot
- Pater Moeskroen
- John Lennon
- Naked Lunch
- Head Automatica
- Wumpscut
- KJ-52
- Public Image Ltd
- Billy Squier
- Ugly Kid Joe
- Substance D
karaoke
[instrumental]
One day you'll all die
All your lives were just a lie
No escaping death, you can't run away
Lie to yourselves and blindly pray
Try to hide, you just won't see
There is no God, there's only me
Fuck your religion
I'll burn your churches down
I spit on your priests
And piss on your sacred ground
You're so fucking brainwashed
You just can't see
If you need something to believe in
You can worship me
I am my own God
carnal christians
carnal minds
if you don't want to be
the carnal kind
keep our eyes on Jesus
and soon you'll find
you'll be leaving those
carnal ways behind
(chorus)
G-O-D
keep your eyes on God
G-O-D
and he won't steer you wrong
G-O-D
he'll show you the way
G-O-D
and you won't go astray
garbage in
garbage out
listen to those doubters
soon you'll be in doubt
keep your eyes on Jesus*
and take a stand*
don't treat your brain*
like a garbage can*
(chorus)
bible says you shouldn't
satan says you can
he'll do anything
just to ruin God's plan
repeat*
(chorus x2)
G
G
G-O-D
God
(Kirk McLeod)
No I never drink my poison
No I never let you see
No I never drink my poison
Unless it's good for me
No I never ponder confusion no
Or sit around and wait to see
Or watch the outcome of a certain situation
I had in mind for eternity
Yeah it's up to me
What will be is up to me
No I never make a choice unless it's up to me
And I never give a reason
No I never sink my teeth in
No I never take a bite
No I never sink my teeth in unless I feel the right
No I never play the jokerman
Sit around and wait to see
Or watch the outcome of a certain situation
I had in mind for eternity
Yeah it's up to me
What will be is up to me
No I never make a choice unless it's got to be
And I never give a reason
It's up to me; It's up to me
What will be is up to me
No I never make a choice unless it's got to be
And I never give a reason
And I looked up and I spoke to God and God said look at you don't look at me. You only call on me when you need me and when you don't you hardly think of me at all. I go into your head for weeks at a time and the times I do are in your despair that you created and not I and still you look up at me in such pleading terms that's how I can
Don't look at me look at you
Don't look at me look at you
And every night I pray to God please save the lives of those I love and take me instead if you really need someone to keep you company on that golden chair in the glare. Bring your guns to the table and recite your pray. Loose all your hatred if you're to pray in there. The temple you're seeking is in front of your nose. Because the message you're seeking is doing nothing for those.
Seek and you shall find
Seek and you shall find
The oldest is the youngest
The young is the old
God sometimes you just don't come through
God sometimes you just don't come through
Do you need a woman to look after you
God sometimes you just don't come through
You make pretty daisies pretty daisies
Love I gotta find what you're doing about things
Here a few witches burning
Gets a little toasty here
I gotta find why you always go when the wind blows
Tell me you're crazy maybe then I'll understand
You got your 9 ironin the back seat
Just in case
Heard you're gone south well
Babe you love your new 4 wheel
I gotta find why you always go when the wind blows
Will you even tell her if you decide to make the sky fall
Will you even tell her if you decide to make the sky
God sometimes you just odn't come through
God sometimes you just don't come through
Do you need a woman to look after you
God sometimes you just don't come through
Do you need a woman to look after you
God sometimes you just don't come through
{B-side of Purple Rain}
In the beginning, there was God
He made the earth, and the heavens
He gave us light to rule the day
And another light to rule the night
The Lord, thy God
Made, He made the seas
He made the fruit upon the trees
When He saw, when He saw that it was good
He made a man, made a man
Only He could, only He could
God made u
God made me too
He made us all
Made us all equally
Now u say
God made u
God made me
He made us all equally
Wake up children
Dance the Dance Electric
There isn't much time
Who screamed?
Was it u?
By Rebecca St. James and Tedd T.
He made the night
He made the day
Spread the earth upon the water
Make the heavens and the rain
Look at the sky, see its design
The very same creator is the one who gave us life
What is man that He's mindful of us?
We're merely clay in his hands
What am I that He loves me so much He would die
All that I can say is...
Chorus:
It's God, truly God
Can you see can you hear can you touch can you feel
It's God, truly God
I can't explain any other way cuz it's God
Inside us all there is a void
All mankind is searching for the one who fills the soul
In Him there's hope in Him there's life
The world cries for a savior that's right before their eyes
What is man that He takes us in as His children to be His own
And what are we that He wants to be our Father
All that I can say is...
Chorus
Lord I praise you for your endless love
Your boundless grace
I stand here amazed...
Repeat Chorus
[music by Morbid Death]
[lyric by Ricardo Santos]
God don`t let the sun blind our kids,
Hide them under trees of hope.
God don`t let the sea drown our children,
Keep them in the highest mountain of
Hope.
God don`t let the fire burn our babies,
Save them same hope.
Don`t let the devil be once more,
Mixed with the purity of a whore!
God! If you are still there, come to us.
The world is in pain!
The world is sin!
And we are tired of waiting,
Under the fig tree.
God is good, I never understood
All the darkness in his soul.
And God made man, the only way he can,
But for a heart he left a hole..
And it's killing you
And it's killing me too
Are we failing the truth?
I'm betting on desire, i'm betting on deceit
I'm betting on a moment when everything is sweet
I'm betting on disaster in every living hour.
Would you burn your fingers if you touched God?
Will he let you in if you have or not?
Once my friend, I loved you as a child
Kissed your face before I slept.
Be in my head, and with me when I sleep
In the bloodied tears he wept.
And it's killing you
And it's killing me too
Are we failing the truth?
I'm betting on indifference, i'm betting on belief
I'm thinking of a beauty where ev'rything's complete
I'm betting on a laughter, a very distant star....
Would you burn your fingers if you touched God?
Will he let you in if you have or not?
And it's killing you
And it's killing me too
Are we failing the truth in everything we do?
Are we failing the truth?
I'm betting on desire, i'm betting on deceit
I'm betting on a moment where everything is sweet
I'm thinking of the beauty I love with all my heart.....
Would you burn your fingers if you touched God?
Will he let you in if you have or not?
Will he let you in?
Mijn naam is god, en dit is mijn thuis
Ik bewaar mijn leven lang deze bol in huis
Het lampje binnenin dat noem ik de zon
Met allemaal leuke planetjes rondom
En een van die kleine bolletjes dat is de aarde
Ogen ogenschijnlijk van weining waarde
Maar er groei en bloeit vanalles echt op dat blauwe ding
Dat bolletje vol met water is mijn lievelingsding
En dan zoom ik in en zie ik een theater
Dan zie ik een concert van een op hol geslagen pater
En op dit moment het is zeer frapant
Staat er een vent met een bol in zijn hand.
God is a concept
By which we measure
Our pain
I'll say it again
God is a concept
By which we measure
Our pain
I don't believe in magic
I don't believe in I-Ching
I don't believe in Bible
I don't believe in tarot
I don't believe in Hitler
I don't believe in Jesus
I don't believe in Kennedy
I don't believe in Buddha
I don't believe in mantra
I don't believe in Gita
I don't believe in yoga
I don't believe in kings
I don't believe in Elvis
I don't believe in Zimmerman
I don't believe in Beatles
I just believe in me
Yoko and me
And that's reality
The dream is over
What can I say?
The dream is over
Yesterday
I was the dreamweaver
But now I'm reborn
I was the Walrus
But now I'm John
And so dear friends
You just have to carry on
The dream is over
GOD
a young boy took himself too serious
he took a gun and aimed at god
god himself was so frustrated
that was all he can take
the girl next door was already weaping
her day was hard, she couldn't rest
she would only hug her pillow
that was more she can take
again they try to start a new day
and pray for better times to come
but god will obviously ignore the
that is all they can take
we struggle hard not to surrender
we fear the future and the past
every minute seems like a torture
that is more we can take
that is more we can take
weitere NAKED LUNCH lyrics?-schreibt mir!(piacek@sms.at)
I got a question
Let me ask you, can you explain your reasoning to me?
It ain't a matter of my hard luck or bad luck
When there's no luck in it for me
I'm not the type of guy to hold a grudge against
Something I can hardly see
But to say that there's a reason for everything
Makes me doubtful and intrigued to say the least
God you don't want to answer me
But if you do, you'd better agree
God you've got the strangest sense of humor
You're too funny to be so heavenly
I got your number and you owe me
Show me a little common decency
I kneel before you and you bless me, test me
And answer with this plague inside of me
I'm not the type of guy to plea with the sky above
Or with the demon under me
But to say that there's a reason for everything
Makes me doubtful and intrigued to say the least
God you don't want to answer me
But if you do, you'd better agree
God you've got the strangest sense of humor
I AM YOUR GOD YOU ARE MY SLAVE I AM YOUR GOD
I AM GOD YOU ARE MY GOD I AM YOUR SLAVE
YOU ARE MY GOD YOU ARE GOD
PERFECT RELATE
You are the first and the last
Strength that I have, if my world was to crash
You are the same from today to the past
Plain that your love don't change and I'm glad
You remain is the way I could have
New life and you took the blame that I had
An over-night change came with a flash
I know it might seem kinda strange if you ask
But how can I describe who you are?
What could I write? Where would I start?
Who would define the one who made the stars?
And made them shine and still lives in my heart?
No words would explain who you are.
How could I ever just name who you are?
Even heaven can't contain who you are!
Is the only way I can say who you are?
[Chorus]
It's God! Truly God!
Can you see? Can you hear?
Can you touch? Can you feel?
It's God! Truly God!
I can't explain any other way
But it's God.
So amazing to me
You spoke a word, everything changes to be
Seven days, you made the sun raise in the trees
And let it blaze, made the sun raise in the east
I gaze on all you made and I see
And I'm ashamed of sinful ways, and its me
And I'm amazed that you came straight, just for me
It's kinda strange, but that's the way that you be
You are the reason I live
You're all I'm needing to live
You are the mean, and I live
With so much peace, I see, and you give
You right here, it's quite clear that you live
You're the air that I breathe and you live
It's not that clear, what I'm speaking
It's just that...
All that I can say is...
[Chorus]
[Repeat Chorus]
So at the end of the day
When everything you made just fades into gray
Only one thing remains, it's the same
The fact that your love, it refuses to change
So plain, I'm amazed by your ways
'Cause you, so great, but you came and you gave
Your whole life, and you died, straight to the grave
Three days into life, came and you raised
And I can still call on your name
And even when I fall, you remain, it's the same
You are my all in all, that I claim
I used to be kinda like Paul, but I changed
How could I ever be ashamed?
Its obvious that you live and you reign
Supreme as the very reason I'm saved
See what I mean is, what I mean is that you're...
[Second Half of Chorus]
[Chorus]
[Repeat Chorus]
Just God
Nothing else.
I can only feel and think in the language of
Cliches otheres have concocted for you
Prefabricated pre-conception
Worn like the walls around you
All around you
How good to walk-with the caprice of God
How good to talk-with the caprice of God
Build your ivory tower
So you can scratch the sky
How could I forget that, you're not finished yet and that
All that you have done, still adding up the sum
This totem has some use, the total of abuse
Real life is never used as truth
Angry artillery on your tongue
Bows and arrows highly strung
Same shadow I can see right through
Whenever I picture you
How good to walk-with the caprice of God
How good to talk-with the caprice of God
An ordinary human-an ordinary mortal, and ordinary model
Build your ivory tower-so you can touch the sky
Don't hide inside the sentiment
The real test is never finished yet
Face up, collect the interest
Of all the idiots you should detest
How good to walk-with the caprice of God
How good to talk-with the caprice of God
An ordinary human-an ordinary mortal-
An ordinary model
I been searchin' for so long
For a love to fill my life--soldier me on
Feel the hunger in my blood
As I walk into the fire I can't get enough
Where, oh where can I find You
I have seen You and called Your name
Walked the streets of my life in vain
Seen the idols with feet of clay
Pull me closer--push me away
Where, oh where can I find You
Where, oh where
Times have taught me to use my time
Journey's end is an endless climb
...When to follow and when to lead...
When to know just what I need
Where You gone G.O.D.
Have You gone down on me--don'tcha do
I ain't ready for no second-hand love
I'm no stranger to this loneliness
Leave me lonely--leave me lost
Leave me nothin' but myself to carry the cost
Now the only, only reason to come to You again
You gotta fight to win your freedom--lose your chains
Love's illusions ring all too clear
Cross my mind when I hold You near
Know Your pleasure--You leave me cold
Lonely nights with my thoughts untold
Where, oh where can I find You
Where, do Ya care
I don't care what the price may be
'Down' is right when You're down with me
Can You tell me--am I to blame
Sing my song to Your heart's refrain
Where Ya gone G.O.D.
Have You run out on me-don'tcha do
All You give me is second-hand love
All I wanna do is get on down with You
All I ask for and all I pray
Meet You down on the streets one day
Have You taste life from on Your knees
Hear me callin' ya 'help me, please'
written by Ugly Kid JoeGod, please push me in the right direction
God, I'm hoping that you'll understand
God, I'm trying to make amends now
God, I'm asking for your guiding hand
Everybody's got the wrong opinion
Everybody says what's on their mind
Everybody's got the wrong tradition
Everybody pray to the man
God, I'm reading in your holy books now
God, I'm singing and I'm not afraid
God, I'm looking for the only way out now
God, I'm hoping that I can be saved
Everybody's got the wrong religion
You won't say what's on your mind
Some won't hear why others listen
Everybody pray to the man
Why don't you ever answer questions
Now my faith is slipping away
I'm looking in a different direction
Believing is the only way
Everybody's got their own tradition
(Everybody's got the wrong religion)
Everybody's got their own salvation
(Everybody's got the wrong submission)
Everybody's got their own religion
(Everybody's got the wrong tradition)
Everybody pray to the man
I stand at the threshold of man's trampled throne
I walk through broken pieces of my godless soul
I lied to the savior and prayed for retribution
I defy my demise
I walk through broken pieces
I laughed at the altar and turned my back on love
Cursed my own existence, forgive me
I raped the spirit of all that was divine
Cold dark and wicked is all that's left inside
My God
So help me God
My vile life
My dreadful side, so help me
God
I'm back at the threshold of man's trampled throne
I walk through broken pieces of my fucking godless soul
I lied to the savior and prayed
I defy my demise
So help me God
My vile life (I walk through broken pieces)
My dreadful side
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Gunk
- Headin' for the Id
- Golly Wolly Golly Wolly Hoo Hoo Ha
- Sook
- Snake Charmer
- Talkin' Rude on the Telephone
- Blistered Mind
- She's Hungry
- Half-Ass
- Bone Dry
- The Day They Buried Hemensley
- Dominatrix
- Life's So Hard
- Love You to Death
- My Pal
- A Man Without a Woman Is Like a Nun Without a Jackhammer (a.k.a. Jackwoman Nunhammer)
- Rockin' Marky
- Human Abbreviation
- Magic Crayfus
- Meat Cleaver Boy
- Chockablock Rock 'n' Roll (unabridged version)
- Rok Zombi
- Worm Sweat
- Tommy the Toilet
- Intro
- Aura
- Spirito sancto
- You're Everything
- Shining
- I'm Nothingness
- Illumination
- Călătorul
- Outro
- Vodă Lăpuşneanul
- My Romance...
- Intro to...
- Dreaming About You... Angirra!
- Prelude to...
- Sublime, Supreme... Atman!
- Vodă Lăpuşneanul
- Here Comes the Night... Marata
- La răscruce... Rajasa!
- Intro
- From the Moldavian Ecclesiastic Throne
- The Waiting
- My Romance
- Black Judgement Day
- Diabolus in Musica
- Pity of My Own Grief
- Şi...
- CopyCat
- On All Fours
- Body Horror
- Tunnel
- Lazarus
- Vodoo Head Blows
- Bloodstream
- White Pimp Cut Up
- Driving the Demons Out
- Gold Teeth
- Detox
- Gunk
- Headin' for the Id
- Golly Wolly Golly Wolly Hoo Hoo Ha
- Sook
- Snake Charmer
- Talkin' Rude on The
- Blistered Mind
- She's Hungry
- Half-Ass
- Bone Dry
- The Day They Buried Hemensley
- Dominatrix
- Life's So Hard
- Love You to Death
- Rockin' Marky
- Human Abbreviation
- Magic Crayfus
- Meat Cleaver Boy
- Chockablock Rock 'n' Roll
- Rok Zombi
- Wormsweat
- Tommy the Toilet
RELEASE
ALBUMS
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
An Atheist Meets God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:53
- Published: 07 Jul 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
It's the moment of judgment for one fool who says there is no God. Christians, get ready to laugh as he learns his eternal fate!
http://wn.com/An_Atheist_Meets_God
Richard Dawkins -- The God Delusion
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:51
- Published: 08 May 2007
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
www.cbc.ca The famous atheist views religion as absurd and pointless. He says God is not different from the tooth fairy.
http://wn.com/Richard_Dawkins_-_The_God_Delusion
50 Renowned Academics Speaking About God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 34:17
- Published: 25 Jul 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Speakers in order of appearance: 1. Lawrence Krauss, World-Renowned Physicist 2. Robert Coleman Richardson, Nobel Laureate in Physics 3. Richard Feynman, World-Renowned Physicist, Nobel Laureate in Physics 4. Simon Blackburn, Cambridge Professor of Philosophy 5. Colin Blakemore, World-Renowned Oxford Professor of Neuroscience 6. Steven Pinker, World-Renowned Harvard Professor of Psychology 7. Alan Guth, World-Renowned MIT Professor of Physics 8. Noam Chomsky, World-Renowned MIT Professor of Linguistics 9. Nicolaas Bloembergen, Nobel Laureate in Physics 10. Peter Atkins, World-Renowned Oxford Professor of Chemistry 11. Oliver Sacks, World-Renowned Neurologist, Columbia University 12. Lord Martin Rees, Astronomer Royal 13. Sir John Gurdon, Pioneering Developmental Biologist, Cambridge 14. Sir Bertrand Russell, World-Renowned Philosopher, Nobel Laureate 15. Stephen Hawking, World-Renowned Cambridge Theoretical Physicist 16. Riccardo Giacconi, Nobel Laureate in Physics 17. Ned Block, NYU Professor of Philosophy 18. Gerard 't Hooft, Nobel Laureate in Physics 19. Marcus du Sautoy, Oxford Professor of Mathematics 20. James Watson, Co-discoverer of DNA, Nobel Laureate 21. Colin McGinn, Professor of Philosophy, Miami University 22. Sir Patrick Bateson, Cambridge Professor of Ethology 23. Sir David Attenborough, World-Renowned Broadcaster and Naturalist 24. Martinus Veltman, Nobel Laureate in Physics 25. Pascal Boyer, Professor of Anthropology 26. Partha Dasgupta, Cambridge <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/50_Renowned_Academics_Speaking_About_God
God Is Everywhere
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:57
- Published: 01 Jan 2010
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Science & Reason on Facebook: tinyurl.com Stephen Fry @ BigThink: God Is Everywhere. --- Please subscribe to Science & Reason: • www.YouTube.com • www.YouTube.com • www.YouTube.com • www.YouTube.com --- Question: What do you believe? Stephen Fry: Its interesting. Atheism comes into rather a bad press and I suppose Id rather describe myself as a humanist, who human I dont believe in God. I dont believe there is a God. If I were to believe in a god l would believe in gods. I think monotheism is the really ghastly thing. That is the absolutely staggering to me misapprehension. I can perfectly see why anybody might imagine that each thing, each thing that grows, each phenomenon that we that accompanies us on our journey through life, the sky, the mountains, spirits of nature. I can imagine why man would wish to endow them with an inner something, an inner animus that they would call the god of that thing. I can see that. Its a beautiful and charming way of looking at it and I can understand the Greek idea that there are these you know these principles of lightening or of war or of wisdom and to embody them, to personify them into a Athena or Aries or whichever god you want makes enormous sense, but to say that there is one only god who made it all and who is Yeah, that is just What? Why? Who said? Where? Come on. And I love how when people watch I dont know, David Attenborough or Discovery Planet type thing you know where you see the absolute phenomenal majesty and complexity <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/God_Is_Everywhere
What Is God?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:02
- Published: 14 Nov 2010
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
EBAY AUCTIONS: bit.ly (Buy my cameras - the ones used to shoot 90% of the videos on my channel) What is God? Is it a what? Or is it a who? Is it an it? Is he a he? Is she a she? Believers say that God is the entity that created creation. Everything you see is the work of God: trees, hills, bumble bees, pancakes, stars, chocolate pudding, lava, incandescent light bulbs. God made it all. He's a busy guy, if he is a guy, and if he exists, and if he is discernible to the human mind. God. Is it just something to scream when we're mad or when we're cumming? Is he just someone to thank before every meal? Is she our mother earth, forests sewn into her skin like hairs and rivers strewn throughout her body like veins? What is God? Maybe God is an if. If we don't know the answer, then the answer is God. If God makes us feel good, then God is real. If all my friends believe that there is a God, then there is a god. Maybe God is a contingency plan; an ejector seat when reality becomes too difficult. Some say that God is manifest in the splendor of the universe. Why then is he not manifest in the squalor of the universe? We say "God damn it!" when we stub our toe, as if God will hear us and smite the table that we stubbed it on. We say, "God willing," when we hope that God will intercede on the behalf of our cause. We say "God bless you," when someone sneezes, because apparently God cares a lot about the rapid expulsion of mucus from your nostrils. We say, "God help us," when doom <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/What_Is_God?
Miss Saigon with Lyrics - 06 - Why God Why?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Published: 17 Dec 2009
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
The Complete Symphonic Recording [CHRIS] Why does Saigon never sleep at night? Why does this girl smell of orange trees? How can I feel good when nothing's right? Why is she cool when there is no breeze? Vietnam You don't give answers, do you friend? Just questions that don't ever end Why God? Why today? I'm all through here, on my way There's nothing left here that I'll miss Why send me now a night like this? Who is the girl in this rusty bed? Why am I back in a filthy room? Why is her voice ringing in my head? Why am I high on her cheap perfume? Vietnam Hey look I mean you no offense But why does nothing here make sense? Why God? Show your hand Why can't one guy understand? I've been with girls who knew much more I never felt confused before Why me? What's your plan? I can't help her, no one can I liked my mem'ries as they were But now I'll leave rememb'ring her [CHRIS leaves some money on a table and goes out into the street.] [CHRIS is accosted by Vietnamese who beg for help leaving the country.] [He pushes them.] When I went home before No one talked of the war What they knew from TV Didn't have a thing to do with me I went back and re-upped Sure Saigon is corrupt It felt better to be Here driving for the embassy 'Cause here if you can pull a string A guy like me lives like a king Just as long as you don't believe anything [CHRIS stops, then goes back into KIM'S room.] Why God? Why this face? Why such beauty in this place? I liked my mem'ries as they were But now I <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Miss_Saigon_with_Lyrics_06_Why_God_Why?
What If God Disappeared?
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 03 Mar 2009
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Imagine how awful a world without God would be. Better yet, just watch this video!
http://wn.com/What_If_God_Disappeared?
"God" Tales Of Mere Existence
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:09
- Published: 14 Dec 2009
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
"I have never figured out if I believe in God or not..." This video is not intended to insult anyone's religion, nor is it an attempt to discredit religious beliefs. It is merely one persons thoughts and questions about the topic of religion. This video as well as other episodes of "Tales Of Mere Existence" will be featured on the second season of the "Cut Up" television program on the French ARTE channel in spring 2010
http://wn.com/God_Tales_Of_Mere_Existence
Our God is Greater - Chris Tomlin
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:24
- Published: 10 Mar 2010
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Help those in need in war-torn Sudan: www.samaritanspurse.org The people of Uganda need our help. Learn how you can get involved: www.watoto.com Our God is Greater - Chris Tomlin. Passion: Awakening album available on itunes. Pictures were taken while conducting wildlife research in NY, NC, OH, AZ, and MI.
http://wn.com/Our_God_is_Greater_Chris_Tomlin
The Tetris God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:11
- Published: 13 Jan 2010
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
When there was only one place for the piece to go... that's when He carried you. See our videos a month earlier at www.collegehumor.com and follow us on http
http://wn.com/The_Tetris_God
God of War: Ascension Gameplay Demo - Sony E3 2012 Press Conference
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:45
- Published: 05 Jun 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
There's gore galore in this gameplay demo of God of War: Ascension. Watch Kratos shed some blood at Sony's E3 2012 press conference. The latest news, trailers and more live from E3 2012: www.ign.com Subscribe to IGN's channel for reviews, news, and all things gaming: www.youtube.com TAGS: "god of war" "god of war ascension" "god of war ascension e3 2012" "god of war e3 2012 gameplay" "god of war e3 2012 demo" "god of war ascension gameplay" "god of war ascension demo" "god of war e3" "god of war e3 2012" sony playstation ps3 e3 E3 "e3 2012" "e3 2012 news" "e3 2012 announcements" e3 2012 trailers" "e3 news" "e3 videos" news previews trailers "video games" "video game" games gaming "gaming news" "game previews" "game news" ign IGN HD HQ 2012 official
http://wn.com/God_of_War_Ascension_Gameplay_Demo_Sony_E3_2012_Press_Conference
Malice - I am God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:32
- Published: 03 May 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Clip from the old Alec Baldwin movie, Malice, showing his narcissistic rant and the famous "I *AM* God" line.
http://wn.com/Malice_I_am_God
Injustice: Gods Among Us - Announcement Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:53
- Published: 31 May 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
NetherRealm teams up with the DC Universe again for Injustice: Gods Among Us! Follow Injustice: God Among Us at GameSpot.com! www.gamespot.com Read our preview article: www.gamespot.com Visit our other channels: Gameplay & Guides - www.youtube.com Trailers - www.youtube.com MLG & eSports - www.youtube.com Mobile Gaming - www.youtube.com Like - www.facebook.com Follow - www.twitter.com www.gamespot.com
http://wn.com/Injustice_Gods_Among_Us_Announcement_Trailer
Skit Guys - God's Chisel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:16
- Published: 03 May 2010
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Download this video at skitguys.com When God chisels the dead weight out of our lives it can be very painful. In one of their most requested skits, Tommy and Eddie give a very creative look at a typical believer having to go through the process of discipline.
http://wn.com/Skit_Guys_God's_Chisel
Kanye West - New God Flow ft. Pusha T (Explicit)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:00
- Published: 02 Jul 2012
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Kanye West - New God Flow ft. Pusha T (Explicit) Kanye West - New God Flow Kanye West - New God Flow Kanye West - New God Flow Kanye West - New God Flow Kanye West - New God Flow
http://wn.com/Kanye_West_New_God_Flow_ft_Pusha_T_Explicit
![God of War: Ascension E3 2012 Gameplay Demo [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120831085306im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/HSo6IwTBMmw/0.jpg "God of War: Ascension E3 2012 Gameplay Demo [HD]")
God of War: Ascension E3 2012 Gameplay Demo [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:13
- Published: 05 Jun 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
A new look at God of War Ascension from E3.
http://wn.com/God_of_War_Ascension_E3_2012_Gameplay_Demo_HD_
![God Bless America - Official Trailer [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120831085306im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/GEFj0Pngu_E/0.jpg "God Bless America - Official Trailer [HD]")
God Bless America - Official Trailer [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Published: 06 Feb 2012
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Subscribe ow.ly | Facebook ow.ly | Twitter ow.ly Release Date: 6 April 2012 Genre: Comedy Cast: Joel Murray, Tara Lynne Barr, Mackenzie Brooke Smith Directors: Bobcat Goldthwait Writer: Bobcat Goldthwait Studio: Magnolia Pictures Plot: Loveless, jobless, possibly terminally ill, Frank has had enough of the downward spiral of America. With nothing left to lose, Frank takes his gun and offs the stupidest, cruelest, and most repellent members of society. He finds an unusual accomplice: 16-year-old Roxy, who shares his sense of rage and disenfranchisement.
http://wn.com/God_Bless_America_Official_Trailer_HD_
Lil B - Im God "SECRETE VIDEO #2 " BASED MUSIC BAY AREA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:39
- Published: 31 Jan 2010
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Lil B is Here To Stay, Let Him Speak SHOUTS OUT TO SEBASTIAN D. FOR CREATING MASS AMOUNTS OF ART.... BASED /SODMG 2010 itunes.apple.com
http://wn.com/Lil_B_Im_God_SECRETE_VIDEO_2_BASED_MUSIC_BAY_AREA
AWESOME GOD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:13
- Published: 14 Mar 2007
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Praise & Worship music video for the song 'AWESOME GOD' performed by Hillsong UNITED. Words on the video so it can be used for Praise and Worship. See more at: www.ILLFIGHT.com
http://wn.com/AWESOME_GOD
Einstein on God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:06
- Published: 11 Jun 2008
- Updated: 24 Aug 2012
Often misquoted, Einstein strove for clarity in regard to his personal beliefs. Some early photographs, thoughts written down by his own hand and the writings of his biographers comprise this well-referenced excerpt from the Christopher Hitchens book The Portable Atheist. I hope this will shed some light on this controversial topic. Read by Nicholas Ball. Another good one: "The word God is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish." -Albert Einstein Keywords: Bible anthropomorphic god hebrew religion mystical mysticism faith truth reality childish delusion biography dr doctor albert einstein physics universe existence baruch spinoza philosophy philosopher agnisticism atheism atheist agnostic priest jesuit jewish german intellectual evolution darwinism creationism science energy time e=mc2
http://wn.com/Einstein_on_God
Clams Casino - I'm God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Published: 13 Apr 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Produced By Clams Casino
http://wn.com/Clams_Casino_I'm_God
OSHO: God Is Not a Solution - but a Problem
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:07
- Published: 12 Aug 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
God created the world -- really? Please allow the question: "Who created God"? Interesting perhaps? -- "Creation means: finished! -- the full stop has arrived. On the sixth day, the full stop; and after that there is no possibility of evolution Evolution implies that creation is not complete, hence the possibility of evolving. Charles Darwin is saying that the creation is an ongoing process, that existence is always imperfect, that it is never going to be perfect; only then can it go on evolving, reaching new peaks, new dimensions, opening new doors, new possibilities." -- This video is available for translation as part of the OSHO TALKS Video Translation Project. -- Join the project as a translator at: www.oshotalks.info -- OSHO International Foundation www.osho.com
http://wn.com/OSHO_God_Is_Not_a_Solution_but_a_Problem
30 Renowned Writers Speaking About God
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 25:40
- Published: 18 Jan 2012
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Speakers in order of appearance: 1. Sir Arthur C. Clarke, Science Fiction Writer 2. Nadine Gordimer, Nobel Laureate in Literature 3. Professor Isaac Asimov, Author and Biochemist 4. Arthur Miller, Pulitzer Prize-Winning Playwright 5. Wole Soyinka, Nobel Laureate in Literature 6. Gore Vidal, Award-Winning Novelist and Political Activist 7. Douglas Adams, Best-Selling Science Fiction Writer 8. Professor Germaine Greer, Writer and Feminist 9. Iain Banks, Best-Selling Fiction Writer 10. José Saramago, Nobel Laureate in Literature 11. Sir Terry Pratchett, NYT Best-Selling Novelist 12. Ken Follett, NYT Best-Selling Author 13. Ian McEwan, Man Booker Prize-Winning Novelist 14. Andrew Motion, Poet Laureate (1999-2009) 15. Professor Martin Amis, Award-Winning Novelist 16. Michel Houellebecq, Goncourt Prize-Winning French Novelist 17. Philip Roth, Man Booker Prize-Winning Novelist 18. Margaret Atwood, Booker Prize-Winning Author and Poet 19. Sir Salman Rushdie, Booker Prize-Winning Novelist 20. Norman MacCaig, Renowned Scottish Poet 21. Phillip Pullman, Best-Selling British Author 22. Dr Matt Ridley, Award-Winning Science Writer 23. Harold Pinter, Nobel Laureate in Literature 24. Howard Brenton, Award-Winning English Playwright 25. Tariq Ali, Award-Winning Writer and Filmmaker 26. Theodore Dalrymple, English Writer and Psychiatrist 27. Roddy Doyle, Booker Prize-Winning Novelist 28. Redmond O'Hanlon FRSL, British Writer and Scholar 29. Diana Athill, Award-Winning Author and Literary <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/30_Renowned_Writers_Speaking_About_God
Creative Commons / Tktktk
WN / Aruna Mirasdar
Creative Commons / Klaus Friese
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Mike Kaplan
WN / Aruna Mirasdar
WN / Aruna Mirasdar
WN / Aruna Mirasdar
WN / Aruna Mirasdar
AP / Shaam News Network, SNN
Creative Commons / Ras67
NASA / Ras67
Creative Commons / Ras67
Creative Commons / Like the Grand Canyon
WN / Aruna Mirasdar
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / BraNewbs
Public Domain / Lorenz Frølich
Creative Commons / Dwight Burdette
Creative Commons / emico
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
Photo: UN / Evan Schneider
30 Aug 2012
A UNITED NATIONS report will confirm this week that Iran is expanding its nuclear program in defiance of the international community, bolstering calls for tougher sanctions amid the threat of an...
Photo: AP / Manu Fernandez
Real Madrid Beats Barcelona In Supercup Second Leg: Cristiano Ronaldo Scores Incredible Goal (VIDEO)
Huffington Post30 Aug 2012
Real Madrid's Cristiano Ronaldo from Portugal celebrates his goal during a Spanish Supercup second leg soccer match against FC Barcelona at the Santiago Bernabeu stadium in Madrid, Spain, Wednesday,...
Photo: AP / Muzaffar Salman
30 Aug 2012
BEIRUT — He flashed a smile and seemed at ease. He vowed victory even though it wouldn't happen any time soon. Syrian President Bashar Assad looked confident in a televised interview aired...
Photo: AP / Australian Defense Department, CPL Bernard Pearson, HO
30 Aug 2012
CANBERRA, Australia - Australia says it has suffered fatalities in Afghanistan after the U.S.-led military coalition there reported that a man in an Afghan army uniform had killed three of its troops....
Photo: AP / Jay Reeves
29 Aug 2012
NEW ORLEANS (AP) - Finally a hurricane, the unwieldy and wobbly Isaac bore down on New Orleans Tuesday, almost seven years to the day that Hurricane Katrina transformed this city and became a symbol...
Photo: AP / Amr Nabil
30 Aug 2012
Mohamed Morsi, the first Egyptian leader to set foot in Iran in decades, caused a storm on Thursday when he slammed Syria's regime as “oppressive” and urged support for rebels seeking...
Photo: WN / Marzena J.
30 Aug 2012
Airlines that fly business travelers to foreign shores batter passengers with inflated fuel surcharges and rapacious ticket-change fees. However, there are ways to save on spending when traveling for...
Photo: WN / Eteh
28 Aug 2012
Some would argue that sex strikes against husbands are never a good idea. You would think that tactic, which has been tried with mixed results for eons, would not even be considered in the modern age...
'God of War' film to 'humanise' Kratos
31 Aug 2012
IMDb
The God of War film writers have offered details of the video game adaptation. Patrick Melton and Marcus...(size: 0.7Kb)
Two Women Of God In Street Brawl
31 Aug 2012
Graphic
Two female pastors who threw their revered positions in society to the winds and exchanged blows in public, have been remanded in police custody by the Akyem Oda District Magistrate’s Court. Thirty-one year-old Evangelist, Debora Acheampong and Prophetess Adwoa Ataa Acheampong, 52, whose pleas...(size: 2.7Kb)
Newstrack India
Tweet London, August 31 (ANI): Professor Rolf Heuer, the scientists who heads the world's largest particle physics laboratory, has said that he thinks it is "beyond any doubt" that a Higgs Boson particle has been discovered. Heuer, the director general of Cern, the European Organisation for Nuclear...(size: 2.4Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
Christian author Helen McLeod Rogers releases new book. (PRWEB) August 31, 2012 Fayetteville, N.C. – When Helen McLeod Rogers sat down to pen her book “God Loves You Better than Mac and Cheese” (published by WestBow Press), she had a clear directive. “God asked me to write...(size: 9.6Kb)
Here's the Basic Plot of the God of War Movie
31 Aug 2012
Two Nations, Divided, Under God
31 Aug 2012
Huffington Post
A very disturbing thing happened during the Republican National Convention this week: two attendees threw nuts at a black CNN camerawoman and said "this is how we feed the animals." The attendees were promptly removed and the RNC seemed genuinely appalled by what happened, but the incident exposes...(size: 7.1Kb)
Joystiq
God of War: Ascension will be available on March 13, 14 or 15, depending on whether you plan on buying it in greater Europe, Australia/New Zealand, or the UK/Ireland,...(size: 1.1Kb)
The Examiner
Related topics Hurricane IsaacatheistWrath of GodReligious RightLGBTSouthern Decadence Advertisement Hurricane Isaac, which pummeled Louisiana and other gulf states over the last few days, has now been downgraded to a tropical storm. But there is another storm brewing in Religious Right circles......(size: 8.2Kb)
Modiâs âbeauty-consciousâ milk OUR SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT Thank god Modi was a good boy and drank ...
31 Aug 2012
The Telegraph India
New Delhi, Aug. 30: In...(size: 0.2Kb)
This article is about the term "God" in the context of monotheism and henotheism. For the general concept of a "god", see Deity. For God in the context of specific religions, see an index of pages beginning in "God in". For other uses, see God (disambiguation).
| Part of a series on |
| God |
|---|
| General conceptions |
| Agnosticism · Apatheism · Atheism Deism · Henotheism · Monolatrism Monotheism · Panentheism Pantheism · Polytheism · Theism · Transtheism |
| Specific conceptions |
|
Creator · Demiurge · Devil · Father Abrahamic (Bahá'í · Christianity Islam · Judaism) · Ayyavazhi Buddhism · Hinduism · Jainism Sikhism · Zoroastrianism |
| Attributes |
| Eternalness · Existence · Gender Names ("God") · Omnibenevolence Omnipotence · Omnipresence Omniscience |
| Experiences and practices |
| Belief · Esotericism · Faith Fideism · Gnosis · Hermeticism Metaphysics · Mysticism Prayer · Revelation · Worship |
| Related topics |
| Euthyphro dilemma · God complex Neurotheology · Ontology Philosophy · Problem of evil Religion · Religious texts Portrayals of God in popular media |
God is either the sole deity in monotheism or the monist deity in polytheism.[1] God is most often conceived of as the supernatural creator and overseer of the universe. Theologians have ascribed a variety of attributes to the many different conceptions of God. The most common among these include omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness), divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence.
God has also been conceived as being incorporeal (immaterial), a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the "greatest conceivable existent".[1] These attributes were all supported to varying degrees by the early Jewish, Christian and Muslim theologian philosophers, including Maimonides,[2] Augustine of Hippo,[2] and Al-Ghazali,[3] respectively. Many notable medieval philosophers and modern philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God.[3]
God has many names, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about who God is and what his aspects are. "I Am that I Am," written in Hebrew as "Ehyeh Asher Ehyeh," is the name considered to be one God originally gave to himself. The name YHVH, also called the "Tetragrammaton," is an initialism of unknown components, used as a name for God. The names Yahweh and Jehovah, are used by some Christians as a vocalization of YHVH, but in Judaism it is common to refer to God by the titular names Elohim or Adonai (cf. Names of God in Judaism). In Arabic, the name Allah ("the God") is used, and because of the predominance of Islam among Arab speakers, the name "Allah" has connotations with Islamic faith and culture (cf. God in Islam). Muslims regard a multitude of titular names for God (cf. Names of God in Islam).
Contents |
Etymology and usage[link]
Main article: God (word)
The earliest written form of the Germanic word God comes from the 6th century Christian Codex Argenteus. The English word itself is derived from the Proto-Germanic * ǥuđan. Most linguists[who?] agree that the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European form * ǵhu-tó-m was based on the root * ǵhau(ə)-, which meant either "to call" or "to invoke".[4] The Germanic words for God were originally neuter—applying to both genders—but during the process of the Christianization of the Germanic peoples from their indigenous Germanic paganism, the word became a masculine syntactic form.[5]
In the English language, the capitalized form of God continues to represent a distinction between monotheistic "God" and "gods" in polytheism.[6][7] The English word "God" and its counterparts in other languages are normally used for any and all conceptions and, in spite of significant differences between religions, the term remains an English translation common to all. The same holds for Hebrew El, but in Judaism, God is also given a proper name, the tetragrammaton (written YHWH), in origin the name of an Edomite or Midianite deity, Yahweh. In many translations of the Bible, when the word "LORD" is in all capitals, it signifies that the word represents the tetragrammaton.[8] Allāh (Arabic: الله allāh) is the Arabic term with no plural or gender used by Muslims and Arabic speaking Christians and Jews meaning "The God" (with a capital G), while "ʾilāh" (Arabic: إله ellāh) is the term used for a deity or a god in general.[9][10][11] God may also be given a proper name in monotheistic currents of Hinduism which emphasize the personal nature of God, with early references to his name as Krishna-Vasudeva in Bhagavata or later Vishnu and Hari.[12]
General conceptions[link]
Main article: Conceptions of God
There is no clear consensus on the nature of God.[13] The Abrahamic conceptions of God include the monotheistic definition of God in Judaism, the trinitarian view of Christians, and the Islamic concept of God. The dharmic religions differ in their view of the divine: views of God in Hinduism vary by region, sect, and caste, ranging from monotheistic to polytheistic to atheistic. Divinity were recognized by the historical Buddha, particularly Śakra and Brahma. However, other sentient beings, including gods, can at best only play a supportive role in one's personal path to salvation. Conceptions of God in the latter developments of the Mahayana tradition give a more prominent place to notions of the divine.[citation needed]
Oneness[link]
Main articles: Monotheism and Henotheism
Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism[14] and Sikhism.[15]
Islam's most fundamental concept is a strict monotheism called tawhīd. God is described in the Qur'an as: "Say: He is God, the One and Only; God, the Eternal, Absolute; He begetteth not, nor is He begotten; And there is none like unto Him."[16][17] Muslims repudiate the Christian doctrine of the Trinity and divinity of Jesus, comparing it to polytheism. In Islam, God is beyond all comprehension or equal and does not resemble any of his creations in any way. Thus, Muslims are not iconodules, and are not expected to visualize God.[18]
Henotheism is the belief and worship of a single god while accepting the existence or possible existence of other deities.[citation needed]
Theism, deism and pantheism[link]
Theism generally holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal; personal and interacting with the universe through for example religious experience and the prayers of humans.[19] It holds that God is both transcendent and immanent; thus, God is simultaneously infinite and in some way present in the affairs of the world.[20] Not all theists subscribe to all the above propositions, but usually a fair number of them, c.f., family resemblance.[19] Catholic theology holds that God is infinitely simple and is not involuntarily subject to time. Most theists hold that God is omnipotent, omniscient, and benevolent, although this belief raises questions about God's responsibility for evil and suffering in the world. Some theists ascribe to God a self-conscious or purposeful limiting of omnipotence, omniscience, or benevolence. Open Theism, by contrast, asserts that, due to the nature of time, God's omniscience does not mean the deity can predict the future. "Theism" is sometimes used to refer in general to any belief in a god or gods, i.e., monotheism or polytheism.[21][22]
Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it.[20] In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and does not literally answer prayers or cause miracles to occur. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of humanity. Pandeism and Panendeism, respectively, combine Deism with the Pantheistic or Panentheistic beliefs discussed below.[citation needed]
Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe; the distinctions between the two are subtle. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church, Theosophy, some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism which believes in panentheism, Sikhism, some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations. Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God — which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov — but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]
Other concepts[link]
Dystheism, which is related to theodicy is a form of theism which holds that God is either not wholly good or is fully malevolent as a consequence of the problem of evil. One such example comes from Dostoevsky's The Brothers Karamazov, in which Ivan Karamazov rejects God on the grounds that he allows children to suffer.[23] Another example would be Theistic Satanism.[citation needed]
Nontheism holds that the universe can be explained without any reference to the supernatural, or to a supernatural being. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. Others such as Richard Dawkins see the idea of God as entirely pernicious.[citation needed]
In modern times, some more abstract concepts have been developed, such as process theology and open theism. The contemporaneous French philosopher Michel Henry has however proposed a phenomenological approach and definition of God as phenomenological essence of Life.[24]
Existence of God[link]
Main article: Existence of God
Renowned physicist Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, 'The Grand Design' , that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. In this view it is accepted that some entity exists that needs no creator, and that entity is called God. This is known as the first-cause argument for the existence of God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings.[25]
Many arguments which attempt to prove or disprove the existence of God have been proposed by philosophers, theologians, and other thinkers for many centuries. In philosophical terminology, such arguments concern schools of thought on the epistemology of the ontology of God.[citation needed]
There are many philosophical issues concerning the existence of God. Some definitions of God are sometimes nonspecific, while other definitions can be self-contradictory. Arguments for the existence of God typically include metaphysical, empirical, inductive, and subjective types, while others revolve around perceived holes in evolutionary theory and order and complexity in the world. Arguments against the existence of God typically include empirical, deductive, and inductive types. Conclusions reached include: "God does not exist" (strong atheism); "God almost certainly does not exist"[26] (de facto atheism); "no one knows whether God exists" (agnosticism); "God exists, but this cannot be proven or disproven" (weak theism); and "God exists and this can be proven" (strong theism). There are numerous variations on these positions.[citation needed]
Some theologians, such as the scientist and theologian A.E. McGrath, argue that the existence of God cannot be adjudicated on for or against by using scientific method.[27][28] Agnostic Stephen Jay Gould argues that science and religion are not in conflict and do not overlap.[citation needed]
Specific attributes[link]
Epitheta[link]
Main article: Names of God
It is difficult to distinguish between proper names and epitheta of God. Throughout the Hebrew and Christian Bible there are many names for God that portray his nature and character. One of them is elohim,[29][30] (which is actually a plural word). Another one is El Shaddai, meaning “God Almighty”.[31] A third notable name is El Elyon, which means “The Most High God”.[32]
God is described and referred in the Quran and hadith by certain names or attributes, the most common being Al-Rahman, meaning "Most Compassionate" and Al-Rahim, meaning "Most Merciful" (See Names of God in Islam).[33]
Vaishnavism, a tradition in Hinduism, has list of titles and names of Krishna.
Gender[link]
Main article: Gender of God
The gender of God can be viewed as a literal or as an allegorical aspect of a deity. In polytheistic religions, the gods are more likely to have literal sexual genders which would enable them to interact with each other, and even with humans, in a sexual way. In most monotheistic religions, there is no comparable being for God to relate to in a literal gender-based way, so the gender of this one-and-only deity is most likely to be an analogical statement of how humans and God address, and relate to, each other, with no sexual connotations.
God is usually characterised as male in Biblical sources, except: female in Genesis 1:26-27,[34][35] Psalm 123:2-3, and Luke 15:8-10; a mother in Hosea 11:3-4, Deuteronomy 32:18, Isaiah 66:13, Isaiah 49:15, Isaiah 42:14, Psalm 131:2; a mother eagle in Deuteronomy 32:11-12; and a mother hen in Matthew 23:37 and Luke 13:34.
Relationship with creation[link]
See also: Creator deity and Worship
Christian theologian Alister McGrath writes that there are good reasons to suggest that a "personal god" is integral to the Christian outlook, but that one has to understand it is an analogy. "To say that God is like a person is to affirm the divine ability and willingness to relate to others. This does not imply that God is human, or located at a specific point in the universe."[36] Muslims believe that the purpose of existence is to worship God.[37][38] He is viewed as a personal God and there are no intermediaries, such as clergy, to contact God who states “We are nearer to him than (his) jugular vein”[39]
Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclusive access to absolute truth, generally through revelation or encounter with the Divine, which adherents of other religions do not. Another view is religious pluralism. A pluralist typically believes that his religion is the right one, but does not deny the partial truth of other religions. An example of a pluralist view in Christianity is supersessionism, i.e., the belief that one's religion is the fulfillment of previous religions. A third approach is relativistic inclusivism, where everybody is seen as equally right; an example in Christianity is universalism: the doctrine that salvation is eventually available for everyone. A fourth approach is syncretism, mixing different elements from different religions. An example of syncretism is the New Age movement.
Theological approaches[link]
See also: Theology Proper and Attributes of God
Theologians and philosophers have ascribed a number of attributes to God, including omniscience, omnipotence, omnipresence, perfect goodness, divine simplicity, and eternal and necessary existence. God has been described as incorporeal, a personal being, the source of all moral obligation, and the greatest conceivable being existent.[1] These attributes were all claimed to varying degrees by the early Jewish, Christian and Muslim scholars, including St Augustine,[2] Al-Ghazali,[3] and Maimonides.[2]
Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God,[3] while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agents will choose to act. If God does know this, their apparent free will might be illusory, or foreknowledge does not imply predestination; and if God does not know it, God may not be omniscient.[40]
However, if by its essential nature, free will is not predetermined, then the effect of its will can never be perfectly predicted by anyone, regardless of intelligence and knowledge. Although knowledge of the options presented to that will, combined with perfect-infinite intelligence, could be said to provide God with omniscience if omniscience is defined as knowledge or understanding of all that is.
The last centuries of philosophy have seen vigorous questions regarding the arguments for God's existence raised by such philosophers as Immanuel Kant, David Hume and Antony Flew, although Kant held that the argument from morality was valid. The theist response has been either to contend, like Alvin Plantinga, that faith is "properly basic"; or to take, like Richard Swinburne, the evidentialist position.[41] Some theists agree that none of the arguments for God's existence are compelling, but argue that faith is not a product of reason, but requires risk. There would be no risk, they say, if the arguments for God's existence were as solid as the laws of logic, a position summed up by Pascal as: "The heart has reasons which reason knows not of."[42]
Most major religions hold God not as a metaphor, but a being that influences our day-to-day existences. Many believers allow for the existence of other, less powerful spiritual beings, and give them names such as angels, saints, djinni, demons, and devas.[citation needed]
Non-theistic views of God[link]
Stephen Jay Gould proposed an approach dividing the world of philosophy into what he called "non-overlapping magisteria" (NOMA). In this view, questions of the supernatural, such as those relating to the existence and nature of God, are non-empirical and are the proper domain of theology. The methods of science should then be used to answer any empirical question about the natural world, and theology should be used to answer questions about ultimate meaning and moral value. In this view, the perceived lack of any empirical footprint from the magisterium of the supernatural onto natural events makes science the sole player in the natural world.[43]
Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference."[26] Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was difficult to prove or disprove and that the only conceivable scientific discovery that could challenge it would be an infinitely old universe.[44]
Anthropomorphism[link]
Main article: Anthropomorphism
Pascal Boyer argues that while there is a wide array of supernatural concepts found around the world, in general, supernatural beings tend to behave much like people. The construction of gods and spirits like persons is one of the best known traits of religion. He cites examples from Greek mythology, which is, in his opinion, more like a modern soap opera than other religious systems.[45] Bertrand du Castel and Timothy Jurgensen demonstrate through formalization that Boyer's explanatory model matches physics' epistemology in positing not directly observable entities as intermediaries.[46] Anthropologist Stewart Guthrie contends that people project human features onto non-human aspects of the world because it makes those aspects more familiar. Sigmund Freud also suggested that god concepts are projections of one's father.[47][not in citation given]
Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. In small groups, morality can be enforced by social forces such as gossip or reputation. However, it is much harder to enforce morality using social forces in much larger groups. Rossano indicates that by including ever-watchful gods and spirits, humans discovered an effective strategy for restraining selfishness and building more cooperative groups.[48]
Distribution of belief in God[link]
Main article: List of religious populations
As of 2000, approximately 53% of the world's population identifies with one of the three primary Abrahamic religions (33% Christian, 20% Islam, <1% Judaism), 6% with Buddhism, 13% with Hinduism, 6% with traditional Chinese religion, 7% with various other religions, and less than 15% as non-religious. Most of these religious beliefs involve a god or gods.[49] Abrahamic religions beyond Christianity, Islam and Judaism include Baha'i, Samaritanism, the Rastafari movement, Yazidism, and the Unification Church.)
See also[link]
- God (male deity)
- God in Buddhism
- God in Christianity
- God in Hinduism
- God in Islam
- God in Jainism
- God in Judaism
- God in Sikhism
- God in the Baha'i Faith
- God the Father in Western art
- God the Father
- List of deities
- Pantheon (gods)
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c Swinburne, R.G. "God" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995.
- ^ a b c d Edwards, Paul. "God and the philosophers" in Honderich, Ted. (ed)The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, Oxford University Press, 1995.
- ^ a b c d Platinga, Alvin. "God, Arguments for the Existence of," Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Routledge, 2000.
- ^ The ulterior etymology is disputed. Apart from the unlikely hypothesis of adoption from a foreign tongue, the OTeut. "ghuba" implies as its preTeut-type either "*ghodho-m" or "*ghodto-m". The former does not appear to admit of explanation; but the latter would represent the neut. pple. of a root "gheu-". There are two Aryan roots of the required form ("*g,heu-" with palatal aspirate) one with meaning 'to invoke' (Skr. "hu") the other 'to pour, to offer sacrifice' (Skr "hu", Gr. χεηi;ν, OE "geotàn" Yete v). OED Compact Edition, G, p. 267
- ^ Barnhart, Robert K (1995). The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology: the Origins of American English Words, page 323. HarperCollins. ISBN 0-06-270094-7
- ^ Webster's New World Dictionary; "God n. ME < OE, akin to Ger gott, Goth guth, prob. < IE base * ĝhau-, to call out to, invoke > Sans havaté, (he) calls upon; 1. any of various beings conceived of as supernatural, immortal, and having special powers over the lives and affairs of people and the course of nature; deity, esp. a male deity: typically considered objects of worship; 2. an image that is worshiped; idol 3. a person or thing deified or excessively honored and admired; 4. [G-] in monotheistic religions, the creator and ruler of the universe, regarded as eternal, infinite, all-powerful, and all-knowing; Supreme Being; the Almighty
- ^ Dictionary.com; "God /gɒd/ noun: 1. the one Supreme Being, the creator and ruler of the universe. 2. the Supreme Being considered with reference to a particular attribute. 3. (lowercase) one of several deities, esp. a male deity, presiding over some portion of worldly affairs. 4. (often lowercase) a supreme being according to some particular conception: the God of mercy. 5. Christian Science. the Supreme Being, understood as Life, Truth, Love, Mind, Soul, Spirit, Principle. 6. (lowercase) an image of a deity; an idol. 7. (lowercase) any deified person or object. 8. (often lowercase) Gods, Theater. 8a. the upper balcony in a theater. 8b. the spectators in this part of the balcony.
- ^ Barton, G.A. (2006). A Sketch of Semitic Origins: Social and Religious. Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 1-4286-1575-X.
- ^ "God". Islam: Empire of Faith. PBS. http://www.pbs.org/empires/islam/faithgod.html. Retrieved 2010-12-18.
- ^ "Islam and Christianity", Encyclopedia of Christianity (2001): Arabic-speaking Christians and Jews also refer to God as Allāh.
- ^ L. Gardet. "Allah". Encyclopaedia of Islam Online.
- ^ Hastings 2003, p. 540
- ^ "DOES GOD MATTER? A Social-Science Critique". by Paul Froese and Christopher Bader. http://www.hds.harvard.edu/news/bulletin/articles/does_god_matter.html. Retrieved 2007-05-28. [dead link]
- ^ See Swami Bhaskarananda, Essentials of Hinduism (Viveka Press 2002) ISBN 1-884852-04-1
- ^ "Sri Guru Granth Sahib". Sri Granth. http://www.srigranth.org/servlet/gurbani.gurbani?Action=Page&Param=1350&english=t&id=57718. Retrieved 2011-06-30. [dead link]
- ^ Quran 112:1–4
- ^ D. Gimaret. "Allah, Tawhid". Encyclopaedia Britannica Online.
- ^ Robyn Lebron (2012). Searching for Spiritual Unity...Can There Be Common Ground?. p. 117. ISBN 1-4627-1262-2.
- ^ a b Smart, Jack; John Haldane (2003). Atheism and Theism. Blackwell Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 0-631-23259-1.
- ^ a b Lemos, Ramon M. (2001). A Neomedieval Essay in Philosophical Theology. Lexington Books. p. 34. ISBN 0-7391-0250-8.
- ^ "Philosophy of Religion.info – Glossary – Theism, Atheism, and Agonisticism". Philosophy of Religion.info. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080424071443/http://www.philosophyofreligion.info/definitions.html. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ "Theism – definition of theism by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia". TheFreeDictionary. http://www.thefreedictionary.com/theism. Retrieved 2008-07-16.
- ^ The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Brothers Karamazov by Fyodor Dostoyevsky pp259-261
- ^ Michel Henry : I am the Truth. Toward a philosophy of Christianity (Stanford University Press, 2002)
- ^ p. 172, "The Grand Design", Stephen Hawking, Leonard mlodinow
- ^ a b Dawkins, Richard. "Why There Almost Certainly Is No God". The Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/richard-dawkins/why-there-almost-certainl_b_32164.html. Retrieved 2007-01-10.
- ^ Alister E. McGrath (2005). Dawkins' God: genes, memes, and the meaning of life. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN 978-1-4051-2539-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=V9dr6167AJ8C.
- ^ Floyd H. Barackman (2001). Practical Christian Theology: Examining the Great Doctrines of the Faith. Kregel Academic. ISBN 978-0-8254-2380-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=Jb5aRB7OxWsC.
- ^ Isa. 45:18; 54:5; Jer. 32:27; Gen. 1:1; Deut. 5:23; 8:15; Ps. 68:7
- ^ "Bible Gateway, http://www.biblegateway.com/". Biblegateway.com. http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Isa.%2054:5&version=31. Retrieved 2011-06-30.
- ^ Gen. 17:1; 28:3; 35:11; Ex. 6:31; Ps. 91:1, 2
- ^ Gen. 14:19; Ps. 9:2; Dan. 7:18, 22, 25
- ^ Bentley, David (September 1999). The 99 Beautiful Names for God for All the People of the Book. William Carey Library. ISBN 0-87808-299-9.
- ^ Elaine H. Pagels "What Became of God the Mother? Conflicting Images of God in Early Christianity" Signs, Vol. 2, No. 2 (Winter, 1976), pp. 293-303
- ^ Coogan, Michael (October 2010). "6. Fire in Divine Loins: God's Wives in Myth and Metaphor". God and Sex. What the Bible Really Says (1st ed.). New York, Boston: Twelve. Hachette Book Group. p. 175. ISBN 978-0-446-54525-9. http://books.google.com/?id=2_gPKQEACAAJ&dq=god+and+sex. Retrieved May 5, 2011. "humans are modeled on elohim, specifically in their sexual differences."
- ^ McGrath, Alister (2006). Christian Theology: An Introduction. Blackwell Publishing. p. 205. ISBN 1-4051-5360-1.
- ^ "Human Nature and the Purpose of Existence". Patheos.com. http://www.patheos.com/Library/Islam/Beliefs/Human-Nature-and-the-Purpose-of-Existence.html. Retrieved 2011-01-29.
- ^ Quran 51:56
- ^ Quran 50:16
- ^ Wierenga, Edward R. "Divine foreknowledge" in Audi, Robert. The Cambridge Companion to Philosophy. Cambridge University Press, 2001.
- ^ Beaty, Michael (1991). "God Among the Philosophers". The Christian Century. http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=53. Retrieved 2007-02-20.
- ^ Pascal, Blaise. Pensées, 1669.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Great Britain: Bantam Press. ISBN 0-618-68000-4.
- ^ Sagan, Carl (1996). The Demon Haunted World p.278. New York: Ballantine Books. ISBN 0-345-40946-9.
- ^ Boyer, Pascal (2001). Religion Explained,. New York: Basic Books. pp. 142–243. ISBN 0-465-00696-5. http://books.google.com/?id=wreF80OHTicC&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=boyer+modern+soap+opera.
- ^ du Castel, Bertrand; Jurgensen, Timothy M. (2008). Computer Theology,. Austin, Texas: Midori Press. pp. 221–222. ISBN 0-9801821-1-5.
- ^ Barrett, Justin (1996) (PDF). Conceptualizing a Nonnatural Entity: Anthropomorphism in God Concepts. http://www.yale.edu/cogdevlab/People/Lab_Members/Frank/Frank%27s%20papers%20pdfs%20/Frank%27s%20articles/conceptualizingnonnaturalentity.pdf.
- ^ Rossano, Matt (2007) (PDF). Supernaturalizing Social Life: Religion and the Evolution of Human Cooperation. http://www2.selu.edu/Academics/Faculty/mrossano/recentpubs/Supernaturalizing.pdf. Retrieved 2009-06-25.
- ^ National Geographic Family Reference Atlas of the World p. 49
References[link]
- Beck, Guy L. (Ed.) (2005). Alternative Krishnas: Regional and Vernacular Variations on a Hindu Deity. SUNY Press. ISBN 0-7914-6415-6. http://books.google.com/?id=0SJ73GHSCF8C.
- Pickover, Cliff, The Paradox of God and the Science of Omniscience, Palgrave/St Martin's Press, 2001. ISBN 1-4039-6457-2
- Collins, Francis, The Language of God: A Scientist Presents Evidence for Belief, Free Press, 2006. ISBN 0-7432-8639-1
- Harris interactive, While Most Americans Believe in God, Only 36% Attend a Religious Service Once a Month or More Often
- Miles, Jack, God: A Biography, Knopf, 1995, ISBN 0-679-74368-5 Book description.[dead link]
- Armstrong, Karen, A History of God: The 4,000-Year Quest of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Ballantine Books, 1994. ISBN 0-434-02456-2
- National Geographic Family Reference Atlas of the World, National Geographic Society, 2002.
- Pew research center, The 2004 Political Landscape Evenly Divided and Increasingly Polarized – Part 8: Religion in American Life
- Paul Tillich, Systematic Theology, Vol. 1 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1951). ISBN 0-226-80337-6
- Hastings, James Rodney (2nd edition 1925–1940, reprint 1955, 2003) [1908–26]. Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics. John A Selbie (Volume 4 of 24 ( Behistun (continued) to Bunyan.) ed.). Edinburgh: Kessinger Publishing, LLC. p. 476. ISBN 0-7661-3673-6. http://books.google.com/?id=Kaz58z--NtUC&pg=PA540&vq=Krishna. Retrieved 5 March 2008. "The encyclopedia will contain articles on all the religions of the world and on all the great systems of ethics. It will aim at containing articles on every religious belief or custom, and on every ethical movement, every philosophical idea, every moral practice."
- Emanuel Swedenborg, Angelic Wisdom Concerning The Divine Love and The Divine Wisdom (New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1954)
- Emanuel Swedenborg, Angelic Wisdom Concerning The Divine Providence (New York: Swedenborg Foundation, 1954)
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: God |
 |
Wikiversity has learning materials about God |
 |
Look up god in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: God |
 |
Wikinews has related news: Nebraska Senator sues God |
This audio file was created from a revision of the "God" article dated 2008-01-06, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help)
- Concept of God in Christianity
- Concept of God in Islam
- God Christian perspective
- Hindu Concept of God
- Jewish Literacy
- Mystical view of God
- Relation of God to the Universe
- Discussion about God in Germany 2009
|
|||||||||||
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/God
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Gott
http://es.wn.com/Dios
http://ru.wn.com/Бог
http://it.wn.com/Dio
http://fr.wn.com/Dieu
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Richard Dawkins | |
|---|---|
 Dawkins in 2010 at Cooper Union in New York City |
|
| Born | Clinton Richard Dawkins (1941-03-26) 26 March 1941 (age 71) Nairobi, Kenya Colony |
| Nationality | British |
| Education | MA, DPhil (Oxon) |
| Alma mater | Balliol College, Oxford |
| Occupation | Ethologist |
| Years active | 1967–present |
| Employer | University of California, Berkeley University of Oxford |
| Organization | Fellow of the Royal Society Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature |
| Known for | Gene-centered view of evolution, concept of the meme, as well as advocacy of atheism and science. |
| Notable work(s) | The Selfish Gene (1976) The Extended Phenotype (1982) The Blind Watchmaker (1986) The God Delusion (2006) |
| Influenced by | Charles Darwin, Ronald Fisher, George C. Williams, W. D. Hamilton, Daniel Dennett, Bertrand Russell, Nikolaas Tinbergen, John Maynard Smith, Robert Trivers |
| Spouse | Marian Stamp Dawkins (m. 1967–1984) Eve Barham (m. 1984–?) Lalla Ward (m. 1992–present) |
| Children | Juliet Emma Dawkins (born 1984) |
| Parents | Clinton John Dawkins Jean Mary Vyvyan (née Ladner) |
| Awards | ZSL Silver Medal (1989) Faraday Award (1990) Kistler Prize (2001) |
| Website | |
| The Richard Dawkins Foundation | |
Clinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL (born 26 March 1941), known as Richard Dawkins, is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist and author. He is an emeritus fellow of New College, Oxford,[1] and was the University of Oxford's Professor for Public Understanding of Science from 1995 until 2008.[2]
Dawkins came to prominence with his 1976 book The Selfish Gene, which popularised the gene-centered view of evolution and introduced the term meme. In 1982 he introduced an influential concept into evolutionary biology, presented in his book The Extended Phenotype, that the phenotypic effects of a gene are not necessarily limited to an organism's body, but can stretch far into the environment, including the bodies of other organisms.[3]
Dawkins is an atheist, a vice president of the British Humanist Association, and a supporter of the Brights movement.[4] He is well known for his criticism of creationism and intelligent design. In his 1986 book The Blind Watchmaker, he argued against the watchmaker analogy, an argument for the existence of a supernatural creator based upon the complexity of living organisms. Instead, he described evolutionary processes as analogous to a blind watchmaker. He has since written several popular science books, and makes regular television and radio appearances, predominantly discussing these topics. In his 2006 book The God Delusion, Dawkins contends that a supernatural creator almost certainly does not exist and that religious faith is a delusion—"a fixed false belief."[5] As of January 2010 the English-language version has sold more than two million copies and had been translated into 31 languages.[6]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Dawkins was born in Nairobi, Kenya.[7] His father, Clinton John Dawkins (1915–2010),[8] was an agricultural civil servant in the British colonial service, in Nyasaland (now Malawi). Dawkins has a younger sister.[9] His father was called up into the King's African Rifles during World War II,[10][11] returning to England in 1949, when Dawkins was eight. His father had inherited a country estate, Over Norton Park, which he turned into a commercial farm.[8] Both his parents were interested in natural sciences; they answered Dawkins' questions in scientific terms.[12]
Dawkins describes his childhood as "a normal Anglican upbringing".[13] He was confirmed, and embraced Christianity until his mid-teens, at which point he concluded that the theory of evolution was a better explanation for life's complexity, and ceased believing in a god.[9] Dawkins states: "the main residual reason why I was religious was from being so impressed with the complexity of life and feeling that it had to have a designer, and I think it was when I realised that Darwinism was a far superior explanation that pulled the rug out from under the argument of design. And that left me with nothing."[9]
He attended Oundle, a Church of England school,[9] from 1954 to 1959. He studied zoology at Balliol College, Oxford, where he was tutored by Nobel Prize–winning ethologist Nikolaas Tinbergen, graduating in 1962. He continued as a research student under Tinbergen's supervision, receiving his M.A. and D.Phil. degrees by 1966, and remained a research assistant for another year.[7] Tinbergen was a pioneer in the study of animal behaviour, particularly in the areas of instinct, learning and choice.[14] Dawkins' research in this period concerned models of animal decision-making.[15]
From 1967 to 1969, he was an assistant professor of zoology at the University of California, Berkeley. During this period, the students and faculty at UC Berkeley were largely opposed to the ongoing Vietnam War, and Dawkins became heavily involved in the anti-war demonstrations and activities.[16] He returned to the University of Oxford in 1970 taking a position as a lecturer, and in 1990, as a reader in zoology. In 1995 he was appointed Simonyi Professor for the Public Understanding of Science at Oxford, a position that had been endowed by Charles Simonyi with the express intention that the holder "be expected to make important contributions to the public understanding of some scientific field",[17] and that its first holder should be Richard Dawkins.[18]
Since 1970 he has been a fellow of New College.[19] He has delivered a number of inaugural and other lectures, including the Henry Sidgwick Memorial Lecture (1989), first Erasmus Darwin Memorial Lecture (1990), Michael Faraday Lecture (1991), T. H. Huxley Memorial Lecture (1992), Irvine Memorial Lecture (1997), Sheldon Doyle Lecture (1999), Tinbergen Lecture (2004) and Tanner Lectures (2003).[7] In 1991 he gave the Royal Institution Christmas Lectures for Children. He has also served as editor of a number of journals, and has acted as editorial advisor to the Encarta Encyclopedia and the Encyclopedia of Evolution. He is a senior editor of the Council for Secular Humanism's Free Inquiry magazine, for which he also writes a column. He has been a member of the editorial board of Skeptic magazine since its foundation.[20]
He has sat on judging panels for awards as diverse as the Royal Society's Faraday Award and the British Academy Television Awards,[7] and has been president of the Biological Sciences section of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2004 Balliol College, Oxford instituted the Dawkins Prize, awarded for "outstanding research into the ecology and behaviour of animals whose welfare and survival may be endangered by human activities".[21] In September 2008, he retired from his professorship, announcing plans to "write a book aimed at youngsters in which he will warn them against believing in 'anti-scientific' fairytales."[22]
Personal life[link]
On 19 August 1967, Dawkins married fellow ethologist Marian Stamp in Annestown, County Waterford, Ireland;[23] they divorced in 1984. Later that same year, on 1 June, he married Eve Barham (19 August 1951[24]–28 February 1999) in Oxford. They had a daughter, Juliet Emma Dawkins (born 1984, Oxford).[24] Dawkins and Barham also divorced[25] and she later died of cancer.[26][27] In 1992 he married actress Lalla Ward[25] in Kensington and Chelsea, London.[24] Dawkins met her through their mutual friend Douglas Adams,[28] who had worked with her on the BBC's Doctor Who.
Work[link]
Evolutionary biology[link]
Further information: Gene-centred view of evolution
In his scientific works, Dawkins is best known for his popularisation of the gene-centred view of evolution. This view is most clearly set out in his books The Selfish Gene (1976), where he notes that "all life evolves by the differential survival of replicating entities", and The Extended Phenotype (1982), in which he describes natural selection as "the process whereby replicators out-propagate each other".[29] In his role as an ethologist, interested in animal behaviour and its relation to natural selection, he advocates the idea that the gene is the principal unit of selection in evolution.
Dawkins has consistently been sceptical about non-adaptive processes in evolution (such as spandrels, described by Gould and Lewontin)[30] and about selection at levels "above" that of the gene.[31] He is particularly sceptical about the practical possibility or importance of group selection as a basis for understanding altruism.[32] This behaviour appears at first to be an evolutionary paradox, since helping others costs precious resources and decreases one's own fitness. Previously, many had interpreted this as an aspect of group selection: individuals were doing what was best for the survival of the population or species as a whole, and not specifically for themselves. British evolutionary biologist W. D. Hamilton had used the gene-centred view to explain altruism in terms of inclusive fitness and kin selection − that individuals behave altruistically toward their close relatives, who share many of their own genes.[33][a] Similarly, Robert Trivers, thinking in terms of the gene-centred model, developed the theory of reciprocal altruism, whereby one organism provides a benefit to another in the expectation of future reciprocation.[34] Dawkins popularised these ideas in The Selfish Gene, and developed them in his own work.[35]
He has also been strongly critical of the Gaia philosophy theory of the independent scientist James Lovelock.[36][37][38]
Critics of Dawkins' approach suggest that taking the gene as the unit of selection − of a single event in which an individual either succeeds or fails to reproduce − is misleading, but that the gene could be better described as a unit of evolution − of the long-term changes in allele frequencies in a population.[39] In The Selfish Gene, Dawkins explains that he is using George C. Williams' definition of the gene as "that which segregates and recombines with appreciable frequency."[40] Another common objection is that genes cannot survive alone, but must cooperate to build an individual, and therefore cannot be an independent "unit".[41] In The Extended Phenotype, Dawkins suggests that because of genetic recombination and sexual reproduction, from an individual gene's viewpoint all other genes are part of the environment to which it is adapted.
Advocates for higher levels of selection such as Richard Lewontin, David Sloan Wilson, and Elliot Sober suggest that there are many phenomena (including altruism) that gene-based selection cannot satisfactorily explain. The philosopher Mary Midgley, with whom Dawkins clashed in print concerning The Selfish Gene,[42][43] has criticised gene selection, memetics and sociobiology as being excessively reductionist[44] and suggests that the popularity of Dawkins' work is due to factors in the Zeitgeist such as the increased individualism of the Thatcher/Reagan decades.[45]
In a set of controversies over the mechanisms and interpretation of evolution (the so-called 'Darwin Wars'),[46][47] one faction was often named after Dawkins and its rival after the American palaeontologist Stephen Jay Gould, reflecting the pre-eminence of each as a populariser of pertinent ideas.[48][49] In particular, Dawkins and Gould have been prominent commentators in the controversy over sociobiology and evolutionary psychology, with Dawkins generally approving and Gould generally being critical.[50] A typical example of Dawkins' position was his scathing review of Not in Our Genes by Steven Rose, Leon J. Kamin and Richard C. Lewontin.[51] Two other thinkers on the subject often considered to be allied to Dawkins are Steven Pinker and Daniel Dennett; Dennett has promoted a gene-centred view of evolution and defended reductionism in biology.[52] Despite their academic disagreements, Dawkins and Gould did not have a hostile personal relationship, and Dawkins dedicated a large portion of his 2003 book A Devil's Chaplain posthumously to Gould, who had died the previous year.
Dawkins' book The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution expounds the evidence for biological evolution.[53] All of his previous works dealing with evolution had assumed its truth, and not explicitly provided the evidence to this effect. Dawkins felt that this represented a gap in his oeuvre, and decided to write the book to coincide with Darwin's bicentennial year.[54]
Meme[link]
Main article: Meme
Dawkins coined the word meme (the behavioural equivalent of a gene) as a way to encourage readers to think about how Darwinian principles might be extended beyond the realm of genes.[55] Indeed, it was intended as an extension of his "replicators" argument, but it took on a life of its own in the hands of other authors such as Daniel Dennett and Susan Blackmore. These popularisations then led to the emergence of the field of memetics, from which he has distanced himself.[56]
Dawkins' memes refer to any cultural entity that an observer might consider a replicator of a certain idea or a complex of ideas. He hypothesised that people could view many cultural entities as capable of such replication, generally through exposure to humans, who have evolved as efficient (although not perfect) copiers of information and behaviour. Memes are not always copied perfectly, and might indeed become refined, combined or otherwise modified with other ideas, resulting in new memes, which may themselves prove more, or less, efficient replicators than their predecessors, thus providing a framework for a hypothesis of cultural evolution, analogous to the theory of biological evolution based on genes.[57]
Although Dawkins invented the specific term meme independently, he has not claimed that the idea itself was entirely novel,[58] and there have been other expressions for similar ideas in the past. For instance, John Laurent has suggested that the term may have derived from the work of the little-known German biologist Richard Semon.[59] In 1904 Semon published Die Mneme (which appeared in English in 1924 as The Mneme). This book discussed the cultural transmission of experiences, with insights parallel to those of Dawkins. Laurent also found the term mneme used in Maurice Maeterlinck's The Life of the White Ant (1926), and has highlighted the similarities to Dawkins' concept.[59] Author James Gleick describes Dawkins’ concept of the meme as "his most famous memorable invention, far more influential than his selfish genes or his later proselytizing against religiosity".[60]
Criticism of creationism[link]
Dawkins is a prominent critic of creationism (the religious belief that humanity, life and the universe were created by a deity,[61] without recourse to evolution[62]). He has described the Young Earth creationist view that the Earth is only a few thousand years old as "a preposterous, mind-shrinking falsehood",[63] and his 1986 book, The Blind Watchmaker, contains a sustained critique of the argument from design, an important creationist argument. In the book, Dawkins argued against the watchmaker analogy made famous by the 18th-century English theologian William Paley in his book Natural Theology. Paley argued that, just as a watch is too complicated and too functional to have sprung into existence merely by accident, so too must all living things, with their far greater complexity, be purposefully designed. Dawkins shares the view generally held by scientists that natural selection is sufficient to explain the apparent functionality and non-random complexity of the biological world, and can be said to play the role of watchmaker in nature, albeit as an automatic, nonintelligent, blind watchmaker.[64]
In 1986 Dawkins participated in an Oxford Union debate, in which he and English biologist John Maynard Smith debated Young Earth creationist A. E. Wilder-Smith and Edgar Andrews, president of the Biblical Creation Society.[b] In general, however, Dawkins has followed the advice of his late colleague Stephen Jay Gould and refused to participate in formal debates with creationists because "what they seek is the oxygen of respectability", and doing so would "give them this oxygen by the mere act of engaging with them at all". He suggests that creationists "don't mind being beaten in an argument. What matters is that we give them recognition by bothering to argue with them in public."[65]
In a December 2004 interview with American journalist Bill Moyers, Dawkins said that "among the things that science does know, evolution is about as certain as anything we know." When Moyers questioned him on the use of the word theory, Dawkins stated that "evolution has been observed. It's just that it hasn't been observed while it's happening." He added that "it is rather like a detective coming on a murder after the scene... the detective hasn't actually seen the murder take place, of course. But what you do see is a massive clue... Huge quantities of circumstantial evidence. It might as well be spelled out in words of English."[66]
Dawkins has ardently opposed the inclusion of intelligent design in science education, describing it as "not a scientific argument at all, but a religious one".[67] He has been referred to in the media as "Darwin's Rottweiler",[68] a reference to English biologist T. H. Huxley, who was known as "Darwin's Bulldog" for his advocacy of Charles Darwin's evolutionary ideas. He has been a strong critic of the British organisation Truth in Science, which promotes the teaching of creationism in state schools, and he plans—through the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science—to subsidise the delivery of books, DVDs and pamphlets to schools, in order to counteract what he has described as an "educational scandal".[69]
Advocacy of atheism[link]
Dawkins is an outspoken atheist and a prominent critic of religion. In an interview with Thomas Bass for a book published in 1994 he described himself as a "fairly militant atheist".[70] In 1996, when asked if he would prefer to be known as a scientist or a militant atheist, he replied "Bertrand Russell called himself the Passionate Sceptic. It's aiming high, but I'll shoot for that."[71] Dawkins is an Honorary Associate of the National Secular Society,[72] a vice-president of the British Humanist Association (since 1996),[7] a Distinguished Supporter of the Humanist Society of Scotland,[73] a member of the Secular Coalition for America advisory board,[74] a Humanist Laureate of the International Academy of Humanism,[75] and a fellow of the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry.[76] In 2003 he became a signatory of the humanist manifesto Humanism and Its Aspirations, published by the American Humanist Association.[77] As a result of his advocacy of atheism, Dawkins has sometimes been described as a vocal, militant rationalist,[78][79] and as "the UK's Chief Atheist".[80]
Dawkins believes that his own atheism is the logical extension of his understanding of evolution[81] and that religion is largely incompatible with science.[82] In his 1986 book The Blind Watchmaker, Dawkins wrote:
An atheist before Darwin could have said, following Hume: "I have no explanation for complex biological design. All I know is that God isn't a good explanation, so we must wait and hope that somebody comes up with a better one." I can't help feeling that such a position, though logically sound, would have left one feeling pretty unsatisfied, and that although atheism might have been logically tenable before Darwin, Darwin made it possible to be an intellectually fulfilled atheist.[83]
In his 1991 essay "Viruses of the Mind" (from which the term faith-sufferer originated), he suggested that memetic theory might analyse and explain the phenomenon of religious belief and some of the common characteristics of religions, such as the belief that punishment awaits non-believers. According to Dawkins, faith − belief that is not based on evidence − is one of the world's great evils. He claims it to be analogous to the smallpox virus, though more difficult to eradicate.[84] Dawkins is well known for his contempt for religious extremism, from Islamist terrorism[85] to Christian fundamentalism; but he has also argued with liberal believers and religious scientists, from biologists Kenneth Miller[86] and Francis Collins[87] to theologians Alister McGrath and Richard Harries.[88] Dawkins has stated that his opposition to religion is twofold, claiming it to be both a source of conflict and a justification for belief without evidence.[89] However, he describes himself as a "cultural Christian",[90] and proposed the slogan "Atheists for Jesus".[91]
Following the 11 September 2001 attacks, when asked how the world might have changed, Dawkins responded:
Many of us saw religion as harmless nonsense. Beliefs might lack all supporting evidence but, we thought, if people needed a crutch for consolation, where's the harm? September 11th changed all that. Revealed faith is not harmless nonsense, it can be lethally dangerous nonsense. Dangerous because it gives people unshakeable confidence in their own righteousness. Dangerous because it gives them false courage to kill themselves, which automatically removes normal barriers to killing others. Dangerous because it teaches enmity to others labelled only by a difference of inherited tradition. And dangerous because we have all bought into a weird respect, which uniquely protects religion from normal criticism. Let's now stop being so damned respectful![92]
Dawkins has especially risen to prominence in contemporary public debates relating science and religion since the publication of his 2006 book The God Delusion, which has achieved greater sales figures worldwide than any of his other works to date. Its success has been seen by many as indicative of a change in the contemporary cultural zeitgeist, central to a recent rise in the popularity of atheistic literature.[93][94] The God Delusion was praised by among others the Nobel laureates Sir Harold Kroto and James D. Watson and by psychologist Steven Pinker.[95] In the book, Dawkins suggested that atheists should be proud, not apologetic, because atheism is evidence of a healthy, independent mind.[96] He sees education and consciousness-raising as the primary tools in opposing what he considers to be religious dogma and indoctrination.[16][97][98] These tools include the fight against certain stereotypes, and he has adopted the term Bright as a way of associating positive public connotations with those who possess a naturalistic worldview.[98] Dawkins notes that feminists have succeeded in arousing widespread embarrassment at the routine use of "he" instead of "she". Similarly, he suggests, a phrase such as "Catholic child" or "Muslim child" should be considered just as socially absurd as, for instance, "Marxist child": children should not be classified based on their parents' ideological beliefs.[98] According to Dawkins, there is no such thing as a Christian child or a Muslim child, as children have about as much capacity to make the decision to become Christians or Muslims as they do to become Marxists.[96]
In January 2006 Dawkins presented a two-part television documentary The Root of All Evil?, addressing what he sees as the malignant influence of religion on society. The title itself is one that Dawkins disliked, noting that religion shouldn't be regarded as the root of all evil.[99] Critics have said that the programme gave too much time to marginal figures and extremists, and that Dawkins' confrontational style did not help his cause and exhibited similarities with the approaches of religious fundamentalists more than with the approaches of the dispassionate, analytic approach of 'hard' science;[100][101] Dawkins rejected these claims, citing the number of moderate religious broadcasts in everyday media as providing a suitable balance to the extremists in the programmes. He further remarked that someone who is deemed an "extremist" in a religiously moderate country may well be considered "mainstream" in a religiously conservative one.[102] The unedited recordings of Dawkins' conversations with Alister McGrath and Richard Harries, including material unused in the broadcast version, have been made available online by the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science.[103]
Dawkins' work has been controversial, and a number of Christian thinkers have responded to it. For example, Oxford theologian Alister McGrath (author of The Dawkins Delusion and Dawkins' God) maintains that Dawkins is ignorant of Christian theology and therefore unable to engage religion and faith intelligently.[104] In reply, Dawkins asks "do you have to read up on leprechology before disbelieving in leprechauns?",[105] and − in the paperback edition of The God Delusion − he refers to the American biologist PZ Myers, who has satirised this line of argument as "The Courtier's Reply".[106] Dawkins had an extended debate with McGrath at the 2007 Sunday Times Literary Festival.[107]
Dawkins argues that "the existence of God is a scientific hypothesis like any other".[108] He disagrees with Stephen Jay Gould's principle of nonoverlapping magisteria. In an interview with Time magazine, Dawkins said:
I think that Gould's separate compartments was a purely political ploy to win middle-of-the-road religious people to the science camp. But it's a very empty idea. There are plenty of places where religion does not keep off the scientific turf. Any belief in miracles is flat contradictory not just to the facts of science but to the spirit of science.[109]
Astrophysicist Martin Rees, who has described himself as an unbeliever who identifies with Christianity from a cultural perspective, has suggested that Dawkins' attack on mainstream religion is unhelpful.[110] Regarding Rees' claim in his book Our Cosmic Habitat that "such questions lie beyond science", Dawkins asks "what expertise can theologians bring to deep cosmological questions that scientists cannot?"[111][112] Elsewhere, Dawkins has written that "there's all the difference in the world between a belief that one is prepared to defend by quoting evidence and logic, and a belief that is supported by nothing more than tradition, authority or revelation."[84] As examples of "good scientists who are sincerely religious", Dawkins names Arthur Peacocke, Russell Stannard, John Polkinghorne and Francis Collins, but says "I remain baffled ... by their belief in the details of the Christian religion."[113][114][115][116][117] He has said that the publication of The God Delusion is "probably the culmination" of his campaign against religion.[118]
In 2007 Dawkins founded the Out Campaign to encourage atheists worldwide to declare their stance publicly and proudly.[119] Inspired by the gay rights movement, Dawkins hopes that atheists' identifying of themselves as such, and thereby increasing public awareness of how many people hold these views, will reduce the negative opinion of atheism among the religious majority.[120][121]
In September 2008, following a complaint by Islamic creationist Adnan Oktar, a court in Turkey blocked access to Dawkins' website richarddawkins.net. The court decision was made due to "insult to personality".[122][123][124][125][126][127] As of 8 July 2011, richarddawkins.net is no longer blocked in Turkey.[128]
In October 2008, Dawkins officially supported the UK's first atheist advertising initiative, the Atheist Bus Campaign. Created by Guardian journalist Ariane Sherine and administered by the British Humanist Association the campaign aimed to raise funds to place atheist adverts on buses in the London area, and Dawkins pledged to match the amount raised by atheists, up to a maximum of £5,500. However, the campaign was an unprecedented success, raising over £100,000 in its first four days, and generating global press coverage.[129][130] The campaign, started in January 2009, features adverts across the UK with the slogan: "There's probably no God. Now stop worrying and enjoy your life." Dawkins said that "this campaign to put alternative slogans on London buses will make people think—and thinking is anathema to religion."[131]
In 2010 Dawkins supported legal efforts to charge Pope Benedict XVI with crimes against humanity. Dawkins and fellow anti-religion campaigner Christopher Hitchens were believed to have explored the option of attempting to have the Pope arrested under the same legal principle that saw Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet arrested during a visit to Britain in 1998.[132]
Dawkins has given support to the idea of a "free thinking" school which he calls "Think for Yourself Academy".[133] The school would not "indoctrinate children in atheism, any more than in religion" but it would teach children to "ask for evidence, to be sceptical, critical, open-minded".[134][135]
On 15 September 2010, Dawkins, along with 54 other public figures, signed an open letter published in The Guardian, stating their opposition to Pope Benedict XVI's state visit to the United Kingdom, while acknowledging his right to tour the UK as head of the Roman Catholic Church.[136]
Richard Dawkins Foundation[link]
Main article: Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
In 2006 Dawkins founded the Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science (RDFRS), a non-profit organisation. The foundation is in developmental phase. It has been granted charitable status in the United Kingdom and the United States. RDFRS plans to finance research on the psychology of belief and religion, finance scientific education programs and materials, and publicise and support secular charitable organisations. The foundation also offers humanist, rationalist and scientific materials and information through its website.[137]
Dawkins has said the "trend toward theocratic thinking in the United States is a danger not only for America but for the entire world."[138] Connected to this concern, Dawkins invited Sean Faircloth to serve as opening speaker on Dawkins' 2011 US book tour. Faircloth is author of the book Attack of the Theocrats, How the Religious Right Harms Us All and What We Can Do About It. The Richard Dawkins Foundation (United States branch) later hired Faircloth, who has ten years experience as a state legislator, as Director of Strategy and Policy.[138]
Other fields[link]
In his role as professor for public understanding of science, Dawkins has been a critic of pseudoscience and alternative medicine. His 1998 book Unweaving the Rainbow takes John Keats' accusation that, by explaining the rainbow, Isaac Newton had diminished its beauty, and argues for the opposite conclusion. He suggests that deep space, the billions of years of life's evolution, and the microscopic workings of biology and heredity contain more beauty and wonder than do "myths" and "pseudoscience".[139] Dawkins wrote a foreword to John Diamond's posthumously published Snake Oil, a book devoted to debunking alternative medicine, in which he asserted that alternative medicine was harmful, if only because it distracted patients from more successful conventional treatments and gave people false hopes.[140] Dawkins states that "there is no alternative medicine. There is only medicine that works and medicine that doesn't work."[141]
Dawkins has expressed concern about the growth of the planet's human population and about the matter of overpopulation.[142] In The Selfish Gene, he briefly mentions population growth, giving the example of Latin America, whose population, at the time the book was written, was doubling every 40 years. He is critical of Roman Catholic attitudes to family planning and population control, stating that leaders who forbid contraception and "express a preference for 'natural' methods of population limitation" will get just such a method in the form of starvation.[143]
As a supporter of the Great Ape Project – a movement to extend certain moral and legal rights to all great apes – Dawkins contributed the article "Gaps in the Mind" to the Great Ape Project book edited by Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer. In this essay, he criticises contemporary society's moral attitudes as being based on a "discontinuous, speciesist imperative".[144]
Dawkins also regularly comments in newspapers and weblogs on contemporary political questions; his opinions include opposition to the 2003 invasion of Iraq,[145] the British nuclear deterrent and the actions of US President George W. Bush.[146] Several such articles were included in A Devil's Chaplain, an anthology of writings about science, religion and politics. He is also a supporter of the Republic campaign to replace the British monarchy with a democratically elected president.[147] Dawkins has described himself as a Labour voter in the 1970s[148] and voter for the Liberal Democrats since the party's creation.[149] In 2009 he spoke at the party's conference in opposition to blasphemy laws, alternative medicine and faith schools. In the UK general election of 2010, Dawkins officially endorsed the Liberal Democrats, in support of their campaign for electoral reform and for their "refusal to pander to 'faith'."[150]
In the 2007 TV documentary The Enemies of Reason,[151] Dawkins discusses what he sees as the dangers of abandoning critical thought and rationale based upon scientific evidence. He specifically cites astrology, spiritualism, dowsing, alternative faiths, alternative medicine and homoeopathy. He also discusses how the Internet can be used to spread religious hatred and conspiracy theories with scant attention to evidence-based reasoning.
Continuing a long-standing partnership with Channel 4, Dawkins participated in a five-part television series Genius of Britain, along with fellow scientists Stephen Hawking, James Dyson, Paul Nurse, and Jim Al-Khalili. The five-episode series was broadcast in June 2010.[152] The series focussed on major British scientific achievements throughout history.
Dawkins presented a More4 documentary entitled Faith School Menace? in which he argued for "us to reconsider the consequences of faith education, which... bamboozles parents and indoctrinates and divides children."[153][154]
In 1998 Dawkins expressed his appreciation for two books, famous for their criticism of postmodernism in US universities, in departments like literary studies, anthropology and other cultural studies; the two books are Higher Superstition: The Academic Left and Its Quarrels with Science (by Gross and Levitt) and Intellectual Impostures (by Sokal and Bricmont), both related to the Sokal affair hoax.[155] In the same occasion Dawkins also criticised Cambridge University for awarding philosopher Jacques Derrida an honorary doctorate.[155]
In 2011 Dawkins joined the professoriate of the New College of the Humanities, a new private university in London established by A. C. Grayling, which is scheduled to open in September 2012.[156]
Awards and recognition[link]
Dawkins was awarded a Doctor of Science by the University of Oxford in 1989. He holds honorary doctorates in science from the University of Huddersfield, University of Westminster, Durham University,[157] the University of Hull, the University of Antwerp, and the University of Oslo,[158] and honorary doctorates from the University of Aberdeen,[159] Open University, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel,[7] and the University of Valencia.[160] He also holds honorary doctorates of letters from the University of St Andrews and the Australian National University (HonLittD, 1996), and was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1997 and the Royal Society in 2001.[7] He is one of the patrons of the Oxford University Scientific Society.
In 1987 Dawkins received a Royal Society of Literature award and a Los Angeles Times Literary Prize for his book, The Blind Watchmaker. In the same year, he received a Sci. Tech Prize for Best Television Documentary Science Programme of the Year, for the BBC Horizon episode The Blind Watchmaker.[7]
His other awards have included the Zoological Society of London Silver Medal (1989), Finlay innovation award (1990), the Michael Faraday Award (1990), the Nakayama Prize (1994), the American Humanist Association's Humanist of the Year Award (1996), the fifth International Cosmos Prize (1997), the Kistler Prize (2001), the Medal of the Presidency of the Italian Republic (2001), the Bicentennial Kelvin Medal of The Royal Philosophical Society of Glasgow (2002)[7] and the Nierenberg Prize for Science in the Public Interest (2009).[161]
Dawkins topped Prospect magazine's 2004 list of the top 100 public British intellectuals, as decided by the readers, receiving twice as many votes as the runner-up.[162][163] He has been short-listed as a candidate in their 2008 follow-up poll.[164] In 2005 the Hamburg-based Alfred Toepfer Foundation awarded him its Shakespeare Prize in recognition of his "concise and accessible presentation of scientific knowledge". He won the Lewis Thomas Prize for Writing about Science for 2006 and the Galaxy British Book Awards Author of the Year Award for 2007.[165] In the same year, he was listed by Time magazine as one of the 100 most influential people in the world in 2007,[166] and he was ranked 20th in The Daily Telegraph's 2007 list of 100 greatest living geniuses.[167] He was awarded the Deschner Award, named after German anti-clerical author Karlheinz Deschner.[168]
Since 2003, the Atheist Alliance International has awarded a prize during its annual conference, honouring an outstanding atheist whose work has done most to raise public awareness of atheism during that year. It is known as the Richard Dawkins Award, in honour of Dawkins' own work.[169]
In February 2010 he was named to the Freedom From Religion Foundation's Honorary Board of distinguished achievers.[170]
Media[link]
Selected publications[link]
Main article: List of publications by Richard Dawkins
- The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1976. ISBN 0-19-286092-5.
- The Extended Phenotype. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 1982. ISBN 0-19-288051-9.
- The Blind Watchmaker. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1986. ISBN 0-393-31570-3.
- River Out of Eden. New York: Basic Books. 1995. ISBN 0-465-06990-8.
- Climbing Mount Improbable. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. 1996. ISBN 0-393-31682-3.
- Unweaving the Rainbow. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1998. ISBN 0-618-05673-4.
- A Devil's Chaplain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2003. ISBN 0-618-33540-4.
- The Ancestor's Tale. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2004. ISBN 0-618-00583-8.
- The God Delusion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 2006. ISBN 0-618-68000-4.
- The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution. Free Press (United States), Transworld (United Kingdom and Commonwealth). 2009. ISBN 0-593-06173-X.
- The Magic of Reality: How We Know What's Really True. Free Press (United States), Bantam Press (United Kingdom). 2011. ISBN 978-1-4391-9281-8. OCLC 709673132. [171]
Documentary films[link]
- Nice Guys Finish First (1986)
- The Blind Watchmaker (1987)[172]
- Growing Up in the Universe (1991)
- Break the Science Barrier (1996)
- The Root of All Evil? (2006)
- The Enemies of Reason (2007)
- The Genius of Charles Darwin (2008)
- Faith School Menace? (2010)
Other appearances[link]
- Doctor Who: "The Stolen Earth" (2008) – as himself
- Expelled: No Intelligence Allowed (2008) – as himself
- The Purpose of Purpose (2009) – Lecture tour among American universities
- Beautiful Minds (April 2012) – BBC4 documentary
Notes[link]
a. ^ W. D. Hamilton hugely influenced Dawkins and the influence can be seen throughout Dawkins' book The Selfish Gene.[16] They became friends at Oxford and following Hamilton's death in 2000, Dawkins wrote his obituary and organised a secular memorial service.[173]
b. ^ The debate ended with the motion "That the doctrine of creation is more valid than the theory of evolution" being defeated by 198 votes to 115.[174][175]
References[link]
- ^ Emeritus and Honorary Fellows of New College, Oxford
- ^ "Previous holders of The Simonyi Professorship". The University of Oxford. http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/previous-holders-simonyi-professorship. Retrieved 2010-09-23.
- ^ "European Evolutionary Biologists Rally Behind Richard Dawkins' Extended Phenotype". Sciencedaily.com. 20 January 2009. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/01/090119081333.htm. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
- ^ "Richard Dawkins on militant atheism". TED Conferences, LLC. http://www.ted.com/talks/lang/en/richard_dawkins_on_militant_atheism.html. Retrieved 2011-12-14.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Transworld Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 0-593-05548-9.
- ^ "The God Delusion – back on the Times extended list at #24". Richard Dawkins at RichardDawkins.net. 27 January 2010. http://richarddawkins.net/articles/5000#455619. Retrieved 6 February 2010.
- "Richard Dawkins — Science and the New Atheism". Richard Dawkins at Point of Inquiry. 8 December 2007. http://media.libsyn.com/media/pointofinquiry/POI_2007_12_7_Richard_Dawkins.mp3. Retrieved 2008-03-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Curriculum vitae of Richard Dawkins". The University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423211133/http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/CV.shtml. Retrieved 2008-03-13. [dead link]
- ^ a b Dawkins, Richard (11 December 2010). "Lives Remembered: John Dawkins". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/lives-remembered-john-dawkins-2157459.html. Retrieved 12 December 2010.
- ^ a b c d Hattenstone, Simon (10 February 2003). "Darwin's child". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/feb/10/religion.scienceandnature. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2004-10). The Ancestor's Tale. p. 317. ISBN 978-0-618-00583-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tub-X6wydKgC&pg=PA317.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard. "Brief Scientific Autobiography". RichardDawkins.net. http://richarddawkins.net/articles/4757-brief-scientific-autobiography. Retrieved 2010-07-17.
- ^ "Richard Dawkins: The foibles of faith". BBC News. 12 October 2001. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/uk/2000/newsmakers/1595744.stm. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ Pollard, Nick (1995-04). "High Profile". Third Way (Harrow, England) 18 (3): 15. ISSN 0309-3492. http://books.google.com/?id=17rzvh_Ve0IC&pg=PA15&dq=%22a+normal+Anglican+upbringing%22+dawkins&q=%22a%20normal%20Anglican%20upbringing%22%20dawkins.
- ^ Schrage, Michael (July 1995). "Revolutionary Evolutionist". Wired. http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/3.07/dawkins_pr.html. Retrieved 2008-04-21.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1969). "A threshold model of choice behaviour". Animal Behaviour 17 (1): 120. DOI:10.1016/0003-3472(69)90120-1.
- ^ a b c ""Belief" interview". BBC. 5 April 2004. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/atheism/people/dawkins.shtml. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ Simonyi, Charles (15 May 1995). "Manifesto for the Simonyi Professorship". The University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423211123/http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/aims/manifesto.shtml. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 23 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423211118/www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/aims/index.shtml. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
- ^ "The Current Simonyi Professor: Richard Dawkins". The University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 23 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080423211128/http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/index.shtml. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ "Editorial Board". The Skeptics' Society. http://www.skeptic.com/the_magazine/editorial_board.html. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ "The Dawkins Prize for Animal Conservation and Welfare". Balliol College, Oxford. 9 November 2007. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070912192317/http://www.balliol.ox.ac.uk/official/miscellany/dawkins/index.asp. Retrieved 2008-03-30.
- ^ Martin Beckford and Urmee Khan (24 October 2008). "Harry Potter fails to cast spell over Professor Richard Dawkins". London: The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/3255972/Harry-Potter-fails-to-cast-spell-over-Professor-Richard-Dawkins.html. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
- ^ "Marriage". The Times (London): p. 8. 23 August 1967. http://callisto10.ggimg.com/doc/LT/WrapPDF=contentSet=LT=recordID=0FFO-1967-AUG23-008-F.pdf. [dead link]
- ^ a b c "Births, Marriages and Deaths, England and Wales 1984–2006". Findmypast.com. http://www.findmypast.co.uk/BirthsMarriagesDeaths.jsp. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ^ a b McKie, Robin (25 July 2004). "Doctor Zoo". London: The Guardian. http://observer.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,6903,1268687,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
- ^ Riddell, Mary (26 March 1999). "Eating people is wrong". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/199903260013. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (21 March 1999). "There are happy and sad songs to be sung". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/the-diary-there-are-happy-and-sad-songs-to-be-sung-1082190.html. Retrieved 2008-11-04.
- ^ Simpson, M. J. (2005). Hitchhiker: A Biography of Douglas Adams. Justin, Charles & Co. p. 129. ISBN 1-932112-35-9. http://books.google.com/books?id=K-E2cAzsxwUC. , Chapter 15, p. 129
- ^ Lloyd, Elisabeth Anne (1994). The structure and confirmation of evolutionary theory. Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-00046-6. http://books.google.com/?id=hO8vHTSiBkAC&pg=PA131&dq=%22the+process+whereby+replicators+out-propagate+each+other%22&cd=1#v=onepage&q=%22the%20process%20whereby%20replicators%20out-propagate%20each%20other%22.
- ^ Gould, Stephen Jay; Lewontin, Richard C. (1979). "The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. B (London) 205 (1161): 581–598. DOI:10.1098/rspb.1979.0086. PMID 42062. http://www.aaas.org/spp/dser/03_Areas/evolution/perspectives/Gould_Lewontin_1979.shtml. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1999). The Extended Phenotype. Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-1....
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Transworld Publishers. pp. 169–172. ISBN 0-593-05548-9.
- ^ Hamilton, W.D. (1964). "The genetical evolution of social behaviour I and II". Journal of Theoretical Biology 7 (1): 1–16, 17–52. DOI:10.1016/0022-5193(64)90038-4. PMID 5875341.
- ^ Trivers, Robert (1971). "The evolution of reciprocal altruism". Quarterly Review of Biology 46 (1): 35–57. DOI:10.1086/406755.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1979). "Twelve Misunderstandings of Kin Selection" (PDF). Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie 51: 184–200. DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1979.tb00682.x. http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/writings/Twelve%20Misunderstandings%20of%20Kin%20Selection.pdf. [dead link]
- ^ Williams, George Ronald (1996). The molecular biology of Gaia. Columbia University Press. p. 178. ISBN 0-231-10512-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=84yKHDK3VEAC. , Extract of page 178
- ^ Schneider, Stephen Henry (2004). Scientists debate gaia: the next century. MIT Press. p. 72. ISBN 0-262-19498-8. http://books.google.com/books?id=TOi1Cyj9h1UC. , Extract of page 72
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2000). Unweaving the Rainbow: Science, Delusion and the Appetite for Wonder. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 223. ISBN 0-618-05673-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=ZudTchiioUoC. , Extract of page 223
- ^ Dover, Gabriel (2000). Dear Mr Darwin. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-7538-1127-8.
- ^ Williams, George C. (1966). Adaptation and Natural Selection]. United States: Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02615-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=wWZEq87CqO0C&pg=PA24.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst (2000). What Evolution Is. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-04426-3.
- ^ Midgley, Mary (1979). "Gene Juggling". Philosophy 54 (210): pp. 439–458. DOI:10.1017/S0031819100063488. http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/article.php?id=14. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1981). "In Defence of Selfish Genes". Philosophy 56: pp. 556–573. DOI:10.1017/S0031819100050580. http://www.royalinstitutephilosophy.org/articles/article.php?id=5. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
- ^ Midgley, Mary (2000). Science and Poetry. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-27632-2.
- ^ The Solitary Self: Darwin and the Selfish Gene Mary Midgley Mcgill Queens Univ Press (September 2010) ISBN 978-1-84465-253-2
- ^ Brown, Andrew (1999). The Darwin Wars: How stupid genes became selfish genes. London: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-684-85144-X.
- ^ Brown, Andrew (2000). The Darwin Wars: The Scientific Battle for the Soul of Man. London: Touchstone. ISBN 0-684-85145-8.
- ^ Brockman, J. (1995). The Third Culture: Beyond the Scientific Revolution. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80359-3.
- ^ Sterelny, K. (2007). Dawkins vs. Gould: Survival of the Fittest. Cambridge, UK: Icon Books. ISBN 1-84046-780-0. Also ISBN 978-1-84046-780-2
- ^ Morris, Richard (2001). The Evolutionists. W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-4094-X.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (24 January 1985). "Sociobiology: the debate continues". New Scientist. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080501043602/http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/WorldOfDawkins-archive/Dawkins/Work/Reviews/1985-01-24notinourgenes.shtml. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Dennett, Daniel (1995). Darwin's Dangerous Idea. United States: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-80290-2.
- ^ "Transworld signs new book from Dawkins". The Bookseller. 15 February 2008. http://www.thebookseller.com/news/52925-transworld-signs-new-book-from-dawkins.html. Retrieved 2009-01-12.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2009). The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution. London: Transworld Publishers. pp. xii. ISBN 0-593-06173-X.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1989). The Selfish Gene (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 11. ISBN 0-19-286092-5.
- ^ Burman, J. T. (2012). The misunderstanding of memes: Biography of an unscientific object, 1976–1999. Perspectives on Science, 20(1), 75-104. doi:10.1162/POSC_a_00057 (This is an open access article, made freely available courtesy of MIT Press.)
- ^ Kelly, Kevin (1994). Out of Control: The New Biology of Machines, Social Systems, and the Economic World. United States: Addison-Wesley. p. 360. ISBN 0-201-48340-8.
- ^ Shalizi, Cosma Rohilla. "Memes". Center for the Study of Complex Systems. University of Michigan. http://www.cscs.umich.edu/~crshalizi/formerly-hyper-weird/memetics.html. Retrieved 2009-08-14.
- ^ a b Laurent, John (1999). A Note on the Origin of 'Memes'/'Mnemes'. 3. Journal of Memetics. pp. 14–19. http://cfpm.org/jom-emit/1999/vol3/laurent_j.html. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
- ^ Gleick, James (2011). The Information: A History, a Theory, a Flood. Pantheon. p. 269 ISBN 978-0-375-42372-7
- ^ Ruse, Michael. "Creationism". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Laboratory, Stanford University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/creationism/. Retrieved 2009-09-09. "a Creationist is someone who believes in a god who is absolute creator of heaven and earth."
- ^ Scott, Eugenie C. "Creationism". Evolution vs. creationism: an introduction. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 51. ISBN 978-0-520-26187-7. "The term 'creationism' to many people connotes the theological doctrine of special creationism: that God created the universe essentially as we see it today, and that this universe has not changed appreciably since that creation event. Special creationism includes the idea that God created living things in their present forms..."
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (9 March 2002). "A scientist's view". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2002/mar/09/religion.schools1. Retrieved 2009-11-07.
- ^ Catalano, John. "Book: The Blind Watchmaker". The University of Oxford. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080415140851/http://www.simonyi.ox.ac.uk/dawkins/WorldOfDawkins-archive/Dawkins/Work/Books/blind.shtml. Retrieved 2008-02-28.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2004). A Devil's Chaplain: Reflections on Hope, Lies, Science, and Love. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 218. ISBN 0-618-48539-2. http://books.google.com/?id=DwD4bjQozgYC. , Chapter 5, p 218
- ^ Moyers, Bill (3 December 2004). "Now with Bill Moyers". Public Broadcasting Service. http://www.pbs.org/now/transcript/transcript349_full.html#dawkins. Retrieved 2006-01-29.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard and Coyne, Jerry (1 September 2005). "One side can be wrong". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2005/sep/01/schools.research. Retrieved 2006-12-21.
- ^ Hall, Stephen S. (9 August 2005). "Darwin's Rottweiler". Discover magazine. http://discovermagazine.com/2005/sep/darwins-rottweiler. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ Swinford, Steven (19 November 2006). "Godless Dawkins challenges schools". London: The Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/student/news/article641971.ece. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Bass, Thomas A. (1994). Reinventing the future: Conversations with the World's Leading Scientists. Addison Wesley. p. 118. ISBN 978-0-201-62642-1. http://books.google.com/?id=yRZYc-LPz1oC&pg=PA118&dq=%E2%80%9Ca+fairly+militant+atheist,+with+a+fair+degree+of+active+hostility+toward+religion%E2%80%9D#v=onepage&q=fairly%20militant%20atheist&f=false.
- ^ "Richard Dawkins: You Ask The Questions Special". Independent (UK). 4 December 2006. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/richard-dawkins-you-ask-the-questions-special-427003.html.
- ^ "Our Honorary Associates". National Secular Society. 2005. http://www.secularism.org.uk/honoraryassociates.html. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ "The HSS Today". The Humanist Society of Scotland. 2007. http://www.humanism-scotland.org.uk/about-us/the-hss-today.html. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ "Secular Coalition for America Advisory Board Biography". Secular.org. http://www.secular.org/bios/Richard_Dawkins.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ^ "The International Academy Of Humanism — Humanist Laureates". Council for Secular Humanism. http://www.secularhumanism.org/index.php?section=iah&page=index. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
- ^ "The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry — Fellows". The Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Archived from the original on 15 June 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080615215501/http://www.csicop.org/about/fellows.html. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
- ^ "Humanism and Its Aspirations — Notable Signers". American Humanist Association. http://www.americanhumanist.org/Who_We_Are/About_Humanism/Humanist_Manifesto_III/Notable_Signers. Retrieved 2010-02-09.
- ^ Kane, Pat (1998). Franklin, Jane. ed. The politics of risk society. Cambridge, England: Polity Press. p. 79. ISBN 978-0-7456-1925-5. "Richard Dawkins, appointed to a chair in 'the public understanding of science' at Oxford and one of the most vocal militant rationalists..."
- ^ Ralph Levinson, Science Today: Problem Or Crisis?, Routledge, 1997, p. 32. Books.google.com. 1997-01. ISBN 978-0-203-97482-7. http://books.google.com/?id=hR9r3zBApV0C&pg=PA30&vq=richard+dawkins+is&dq=%22richard+dawkins+is%22. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ "Doubtful Dick". The Financial Times (London). 17 September 2010. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d29981c6-c1c6-11df-9d90-00144feab49a.html. Retrieved 17 September 2010.
- ^ Sheahen, Laura (October 2005). "The Problem with God: Interview with Richard Dawkins (2)". Beliefnet.com. http://www.beliefnet.com/story/178/story_17889_2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
- ^ "Interview with Richard Dawkins". PBS. http://www.pbs.org/faithandreason/transcript/dawk-frame.html. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1986). The Blind Watchmaker. New York: Norton. p. 6. ISBN 0-393-31570-3.
- ^ a b Dawkins, Richard (January/February 1997). "Is Science a Religion?". American Humanist Association. http://www.thehumanist.org/humanist/articles/dawkins.html. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (15 September 2001). "Religion's misguided missiles". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/Archive/Article/0,4273,4257777,00.htm. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
- ^ Hall, Stephen S. (9 August 2005). "Darwin's Rottweiler". Discover magazine. Archived from the original on 4 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080404085931/http://www.discover.com/issues/sep-05/features/darwins-rottweiler/. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ Biema, David Van (5 November 2006). "God Vs. Science". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1555132-1,00.html. Retrieved 2008-04-07.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). "The Root of All Evil?". Channel 4. http://www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/C/can_you_believe_it/debates/rootofevil.html. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Transworld Publishers. pp. 282–286. ISBN 0-593-05548-9.
- ^ "Dawkins: I'm a cultural Christian". BBC News. 10 December 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7136682.stm. Retrieved 2008-03-01.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (11 April 2006). "Atheists for Jesus". RichardDawkins.net. Archived from the original on 31 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080331051321/http://richarddawkins.net/article,20,Atheists-for-Jesus,Richard-Dawkins. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (11 November 2001). "Has the world changed?". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2001/oct/11/afghanistan.terrorism2. Retrieved 2006-01-29.
- ^ Odoyo, Peter (16 July 2007). "The Death of Religion And Rise of Atheism in the West". The Nation. http://allafrica.com/stories/200707160152.html. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Burkowitz, Peter (16 July 2007). "The New Atheism". The Wall Street Journal. http://opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110010341. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ "The God Delusion — Reviews". RichardDawkins.net. Archived from the original on 2 July 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080702000504/http://richarddawkins.net/godDelusionReviews. Retrieved 2008-04-08.
- ^ a b Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.. p. 3. ISBN 0-618-68000-4.
- ^ Smith, Alexandra (27 November 2006). "Dawkins campaigns to keep God out of classroom". London: The Guardian. http://education.guardian.co.uk/schools/story/0,,1958138,00.html. Retrieved 2007-01-15.
- ^ a b c Dawkins, Richard (21 June 2003). "The future looks bright". London: The Guardian. http://books.guardian.co.uk/review/story/0,12084,981412,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-13.
- ^ Dawkins (2006: 23)
- ^ Jacobson, Howard (21 January 2006). "Nothing like an unimaginative scientist to get non-believers running back to God". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/commentators/howard-jacobson/howard-jacobson-nothing-like-an-unimaginative-scientist-to-get-nonbelievers-running-back-to-god-523917.html. Retrieved 2007-03-27.
- ^ Ferguson, Ron (19 January 2006). "What a lazy way to argue against God". The Herald. Archived from the original on 29 January 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080129021847/http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/smgpubs/971452711.html?did=971452711&FMT=ABS&FMTS=FT&date=Jan+19%2C+2006&author=RON+FERGUSON&pub=The+Herald&desc=What+a+lazy+way+to+argue+against+God. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (30 January 2006). "Diary — Richard Dawkins". New Statesman. http://www.newstatesman.com/200601300002. Retrieved 2007-03-25.
- ^ "Richard Dawkins and Alister McGrath Root of All Evil? Uncut Interviews". RichardDawkins.net. 31 May 2007. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012023424/http://richarddawkins.net/article,1212,Richard-Dawkins-and-Alister-McGrath,Root-of-All-Evil-Uncut-Interviews. Retrieved 2007-10-10.
- ^ McGrath, Alister (2004). Dawkins' God: Genes, Memes, and the Meaning of Life. Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing. p. 81. ISBN 1-4051-2538-1.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (17 September 2007). "Do you have to read up on leprechology before disbelieving in them?". RichardDawkins.net. http://richarddawkins.net/articleComments,1647,Do-you-have-to-read-up-on-leprechology-before-disbelieving-in-them,Richard-Dawkins-The-Independent,page27. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
- ^ Myers, PZ (24 December 2006). "The Courtier's Reply". Pharyngula. http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/12/the_courtiers_reply.php. Retrieved 2007-11-14.
- ^ Cole, Judith (26 March 2007). "Richard Dawkins at The Sunday Times Oxford Literary Festival". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/audio_video/podcasts/books/article1570989.ece. Retrieved 2008-03-04. [dead link]
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.. p. 50. ISBN 0-618-68000-4.
- ^ Van Biema, David (5 November 2006). "God vs. Science (3)". Time. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1555132-3,00.html. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Jha, Alok (29 May 2007). "Scientists divided over alliance with religion". London: The Guardian. http://books.guardian.co.uk/hay2007/story/0,,2089947,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-17.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). "When Religion Steps on Science's Turf". Free Inquiry magazine. http://www.secularhumanism.org/library/fi/dawkins_18_2.html. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.. pp. 55–56. ISBN 0-618-68000-4.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2006). The God Delusion. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co.. p. 99. ISBN 0-618-68000-4.
- ^ Crace, John (10 January 2006). "Richard Dawkins: Beyond belief". London: The Guardian. http://education.guardian.co.uk/higher/profile/story/0,11109,1682655,00.html. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Ruse, Michael (2000). "Double-Dealing in Darwin". Beliefnet. http://www.beliefnet.com/story/7/story_762_1.html. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ "Belief — radio interview". BBC Radio. 2004. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/belief/scripts/dawkins.shtml. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ "The Atheist: interview with Gordy Slack". Salon.com. 28 April 2005. http://www.salon.com/news/feature/2005/04/30/dawkins/index.html. Retrieved 2008-04-03.
- ^ Bearder, Tim (24 March 2006). "BBC Oxford interview". FT Magazine. http://www.bbc.co.uk/oxford/content/articles/2006/03/24/dawkins.shtml. Retrieved 2007-05-25.
- ^ "The Out Campaign (original announcement)". RichardDawkins.net. 30 July 2007. Archived from the original on 30 April 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080430213003/http://richarddawkins.net/article,1471,The-Out-Campaign,Richard-Dawkins. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- ^ Chittenden, Maurice; Waite, Roger (23 December 2007). "Dawkins to preach atheism to US". London: The Sunday Times. http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/science/article3087486.ece. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (24 October 2007). "Richard Dawkins speech at Atheist Alliance International Convention 2007". The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. RichardDawkins.net. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2936455252329399558&hl=en. Retrieved 2008-04-01.
- ^ Gledhill, Ruth (19 September 2008). "Dawkins website banned in Turkey". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article4790039.ece. Retrieved 2008-09-19.
- ^ Hooper, Rowan (19 September 2008). "Turkey bans evolutionist's website". New Scientist Blogs. http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/shortsharpscience/2008/09/turkey-bans-dawkins-website.html. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
- ^ Butt, Riazat (19 September 2008). "Missing link: creationist campaigner has Richard Dawkins' official website banned in Turkey". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/sep/19/religion.turkey. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
- ^ Staff writer (17 September 2008). "Evolutionist Dawkins' Internet Site Banned In Turkey". Bianet. http://bianet.org/english/kategori/english/109778/evolutionist-dawkins-internet-site-banned-in-turkey. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
- ^ Arpa, Yasemin (17 September 2008). "Evrimci yazarın sitesini Adnan Oktar kapattırdı" (in Turkish). NTV-MSNBC. http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/459522.asp. Retrieved 2008-09-20.
- ^ Ozimek, John (22 September 2008). "The Turkish court bans Dawkins' website". The Register. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2008/09/22/turkey_bans_dawkins_website/. Retrieved 2008-09-22.
- ^ "RD.net no longer banned in Turkey!". The Richard Dawkins Foundation. http://richarddawkins.net/articles/642074-rd-net-no-longer-banned-in-turkey. Retrieved 21 July 2011.
- ^ Ariane Sherine (22 October 2008). "All aboard the atheist bus campaign". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/oct/21/religion-advertising. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ Ariane Sherine (23 October 2008). "'Probably' the best atheist bus campaign ever". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/oct/23/atheist-bus-campaign-ariane-sherine. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ Riazat Butt (22 October 2008). "Arriving soon: atheist bus campaign gets off to a flying start". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/oct/22/religion-atheist-dawkins-god. Retrieved 2008-12-11.
- ^ Marc Horne (11 April 2010). "'Richard Dawkins calls for arrest of Pope Benedict XVI' by UPDATE 4–12 Marc Horne – TimesOnline". Times Online. http://richarddawkins.net/articles/5415. Retrieved 2010-06-11. (also on Dawkins' blog)
- ^ Powell, Michael (19 September 2011). "A Knack for Bashing Orthodoxy". The New York Times: p. 4. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/20/science/20dawkins.html. Retrieved 2011-09-20.
- ^ Beckford, Martin (24 June 2010). "Richard Dawkins interested in setting up 'atheist free school'". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/religion/7849563/Richard-Dawkins-interested-in-setting-up-atheist-free-school.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ^ Garner, Richard (2010-07-29). "Gove welcomes atheist schools – Education News, Education". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/gove-welcomes-atheist-schools-2037990.html. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ^ "Letters: Harsh judgments on the pope and religion". The Guardian (London). 15 September 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/sep/15/harsh-judgments-on-pope-religion. Retrieved 16 September 2010. "...the pope, as ... the leader of a religion with many adherents in the UK, is of course free to enter and tour our country. However, as well as a religious leader, the pope is a head of state..."
- ^ "Our Mission". The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. Archived from the original on 17 November 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061117150429/http://www.richarddawkins.net/foundation,ourMission. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
- ^ a b "Sean Faircloth joins RDFRS (US) as Director of Strategy and Policy". The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science. http://richarddawkins.net/articles/643044-sean-faircloth-joins-rdfrs-us-as-director-of-strategy-and-policy. Retrieved 2011-10-01.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1998). Unweaving The Rainbow. United Kingdom: Penguin. pp. 4–7. ISBN 0-618-05673-4.
- ^ Diamond, John (2001). Snake Oil and Other Preoccupations. United Kingdom: Vintage. ISBN 0-09-942833-4.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (2003). A Devil's Chaplain. United States: Houghton Mifflin. p. 58. ISBN 0-618-33540-4.
- ^ "The Selfish Green". RichardDawkins.net. 2 April 2007. Archived from the original on 1 May 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080501094048/http://richarddawkins.net/article,829,The-Selfish-Green,Jonathan-Dimbleby-David-Attenborough-Richard-Dawkins-Jane-Goodall-Richard-Leakey. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1989). The Selfish Gene (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. p. 213. ISBN 0-19-286092-5.
- ^ edited by Paola Cavalieri and Peter Singer.; Paola Cavalieri, Peter Singer (1993). The Great Ape Project. United Kingdom: Fourth Estate. ISBN 0-312-11818-X.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (22 March 2003). "Bin Laden's victory". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/mar/22/iraq.usa. Retrieved 2008-03-15.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (18 November 2003). "While we have your attention, Mr President...". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2003/nov/18/usa.politics1. Retrieved 2008-03-16.
- ^ "Our supporters". Republic. 24 April 2010. http://www.republic.org.uk/Who%20we%20are/Our%20Supporters%20Include/index.php. Retrieved 2010-04-29.
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (1989). "Endnotes. Chapter 1. Why are people?". The Selfish Gene (1st extra chapter) (2nd ed.). United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-286092-5.
- ^ "Richard Dawkins: Keep Libel Laws OUT of Science". youtube.com. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OqVm-WmFzyU. Retrieved 2009-12-12. [dead link]
- ^ "Show your support – vote for the Liberal Democrats on May 6th. libdems.org.uk. Monday, 03 May 2010". Libdems.org.uk. http://libdems.org.uk/latest_news_detail.aspx?title=Show_your_support_-_vote_for_the_Liberal_Democrats_on_May_6th&pPK=9dd43be1-d11a-40b1-8ede-3acab3666d48. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
- ^ "The Enemies of Reason". Channel 4. August 2007. http://www.channel4.com/culture/microsites/E/enemies_of_reason/. Retrieved 2008-04-13.
- ^ "C4 lines up Genius science series". Broadcast. 2009. http://www.broadcastnow.co.uk/news/2009/01/dawkins_to_front_c4_science_series.html. Retrieved 2009-01-31.
- ^ "Faith School Menace? – Faith School Menace?". Channel 4. 18 August 2010. http://www.channel4.com/programmes/faith-school-menace/episode-guide/series-1/episode-1. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
- ^ Sutcliffe, Tom (19 August 2010). "Last Night's TV: Faith Schools Menace?/More 4 – Reviews, TV & Radio". London: The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/tv/reviews/last-nights-tv-faith-schools-menacemore-4-2056104.html. Retrieved 2010-09-17.
- ^ a b Dawkins, Richard. "Postmodernism Disrobed". http://physics.nyu.edu/faculty/sokal/dawkins.html. Retrieved 2010-09-24.
- ^ New university to rival Oxbridge will charge £18,000 a year Sunday Telegraph 5-Jun-2011
- ^ "Durham salutes science, Shakespeare and social inclusion". Durham News & Events Service. 26 August 2005. http://www.dur.ac.uk/news/allnews/?itemno=3972. Retrieved 2006-04-11.
- ^ "Æresdoktorer i 2011 - Universitetet i Oslo" (in (Norwegian)). Uio.no. http://www.uio.no/om/tall-og-fakta/aresdoktorer/eresdoktorer-2011.html. Retrieved 2011-10-22. [dead link]
- ^ Best-selling biologist and outspoken atheist among those honoured by University, University of Aberdeen.
- ^ "Richard Dawkins, doctor 'honoris causa' per la Universitat de València". 31 March 2009. http://www.uv.es/~webuv/noticies/noticia.php?idnoticia=7165. Retrieved 2009-04-02.
- ^ Scripps Institution of Oceanography (7 April 2009). "Scripps Institution of Oceanography Honors Evolutionary Biologist, Richard Dawkins, in Public Ceremony and Lecture". Scripps Institution of Oceanography. http://scrippsnews.ucsd.edu/Releases/?releaseID=967. Retrieved 2009-04-07.
- ^ "Q&A: Richard Dawkins". BBC News. 29 July 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/3935757.stm. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
- ^ Herman, David (2004). "Public Intellectuals Poll". Prospect magazine. http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/2004/08/publicintellectualspoll/. Retrieved 2008-03-09.
- ^ "The Top 100 Public Intellectuals". Prospect magazine. http://www.foreignpolicy.com/story/cms.php?story_id=4262. Retrieved 2008-04-22.
- ^ "Galaxy British Book Awards — Winners & Shortlists 2007". Publishing News. 2007. Archived from the original on 27 September 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070927130727/http://www.britishbookawards.co.uk/pnbb_winners2007.asp?#3. Retrieved 2007-04-21.
- ^ Behe, Michael (3 May 2007). "Time Top 100". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1616137,00.html. Retrieved 2008-03-02.
- ^ "Top 100 living geniuses". The Daily Telegraph. 28 October 2007. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1567544/Top-100-living-geniuses.html. Retrieved 2010-10-04.
- ^ Giordano Bruno Stiftung (28 May 2007). "Deschner-Preis an Richard Dawkins". Humanistischer Pressedienst. http://hpd-online.de/node/2010. Retrieved 2008-04-04.
- ^ Slack, Gordy (30 April 2005). "The atheist". Salon. http://dir.salon.com/story/news/feature/2005/04/30/dawkins/index.html. Retrieved 2007-08-03.
- ^ "Honorary FFRF Board Announced". http://ffrf.org/news/releases/honorary-ffrf-board-announced/. Retrieved 2008-08-20.
- ^ ""The Magic of Reality - new book by Richard Dawkins this Fall" 10 May 2011". Richarddawkins.net. 10 May 2011. http://richarddawkins.net/articles/625578. Retrieved 2011-06-28.
- ^ Staff. "BBC Educational and Documentary: Blind Watchmaker". BBC. http://www.bbcactive.com/BroadCastLearning/asp/catalogue/productdetail.asp?productcode=207. Retrieved 2 December 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Dawkins, Richard (3 October 2000). "Obituary by Richard Dawkins". The Independent. Archived from the original on 18 March 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080318185801/http://www.unifr.ch/biol/ecology/hamilton/hamilton.html#Dawkins. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
- ^ Critical-Historical Perspective on the Argument about Evolution and Creation, John Durant, in "From Evolution to Creation: A European Perspective (Eds. Sven Anderson, Arthus Peacocke), Aarhus Univ. Press, Aarhus, Denmark
- ^ "1986 Oxford Union Debate: Richard Dawkins, John Maynard Smith". RichardDawkins.net. Archived from the original on 13 October 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071013161954/http://richarddawkins.net/article,721,1986-Oxford-Union-Debate,Richard-Dawkins-John-Maynard-Smith. Retrieved 2007-05-10. Debate downloadable as MP3 files.
External links[link]
 |
Book: Richard Dawkins |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Richard Dawkins |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Richard Dawkins |
General
- Official website
- The Richard Dawkins Foundation for Reason and Science
- Richard Dawkins at the Internet Movie Database
- Works by or about Richard Dawkins in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Richard Dawkins collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Richard Dawkins collected news and commentary at The New York Times
Video
- National Geographic Interviews – A series of video interviews with National Geographic Channel with Richard Dawkins on Darwin, Evolution and God.
- Appearances on C-SPAN
- Richard Dawkins on Charlie Rose
- Richard Dawkins at TED Conferences
- Video interview with Riz Khan for Al Jazeera English
- Video interview at Big Think
Selected writings
- Viruses of the Mind (1993) – Religion as a mental virus.
- The Real Romance in the Stars (1995) – A critical view of astrology.
- The Emptiness of Theology at RDFRS.(1998) – A critical view of theology.
- Snake Oil and Holy Water (1999) – suggests that there is no convergence occurring between science and theism.
- What Use is Religion? (2004) – suggests that religion may have no survival value other than to itself.
- Race and Creation (2004) – On race, its usage and a theory of how it evolved.
- The giant tortoise's tale, The turtle's tale and The lava lizard's tale (2005) – A series of three articles written after a visit to the Galápagos Islands.
- Dawkins' Huffington Post articles
Audio
- 2011 Interview on io9's Geek's Guide to the Galaxy podcast
- Richard Dawkins on RadioLIVE's Weekend Variety Wireless – Richard Dawkins appears live on New Zealand's Radio Live, taking calls from the audience.
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Dawkins, Richard |
| Alternative names | Dawkins, Clinton Richard |
| Short description | British evolutionary biologist, ethologist, atheist, humanist and sceptic |
| Date of birth | 26 March 1941 |
| Place of birth | Nairobi, Kenya |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Richard_Dawkins
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Richard Dawkins
http://es.wn.com/Richard Dawkins
http://ru.wn.com/Докинз, Клинтон Ричард
http://fr.wn.com/Richard Dawkins
http://de.wn.com/Richard Dawkins
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Dawkins
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Chris Tomlin | |
|---|---|
 Chris Tomlin |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Christopher Dwayne Tomlin |
| Born | (1972-05-04) May 4, 1972 (age 40) |
| Origin | Grand Saline, Texas U.S. |
| Genres | Contemporary worship music, CCM |
| Occupations | Singer, songwriter, instrumentalist worship leader |
| Instruments | Guitar, piano |
| Years active | 1998–present |
| Labels | sixstepsrecords/Sparrow Records |
| Website | Official website |
Christopher Dwayne "Chris" Tomlin (born May 4, 1972) is an American Christian Contemporary Music artist, worship leader, and songwriter from Grand Saline, Texas, United States. He was a staff member at Austin Stone Community Church and is signed to EMI's sixstepsrecords. Tomlin leads worship at many Passion events. Some of his most well-known songs are "How Great Is Our God", "Jesus Messiah", "Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)", and the recent song "Our God" which he co-wrote with Matt Redman, Jesse Reeves and Jonas Myrin. He is currently a worship leader at Passion City Church in Atlanta, Georgia with Louie Giglio and Christy Nockels.
He was awarded Male Vocalist of the Year at the 2006, 2007, 2008 GMA Dove Awards, and Grammy Award Winner for Best Contemporary Christian Music Album in 2012. He was named Artist of the Year in 2007. Tomlin released his seventh studio album, And If Our God Is for Us..., on November 16, 2010. He is one of the members of CompassionArt, a charity founded by Martin Smith (and Smith's wife, Anna) of the band Delirious?.
His newest album is How Great Is Our God: The Essential Collection. released on November 15, 2011.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Tomlin was born in Grand Saline, Texas in 1972 to Connie and Donna Tomlin. He has two younger brothers, Ryan and Cory.[1] Chris Tomlin first learned how to play the guitar by playing along side Willie Nelson records.[2]
Tomlin wrote his first worship song at age fourteen. He entered college planning to study physical therapy, but says he felt God's calling to something else.[citation needed]
In the mid-1990s Tomlin was a worship leader at the Dawson McAllister Youth Conferences, as well as at various church camps in Texas.
After attending Tyler Junior College and Texas A&M University, Tomlin continued to play and write songs, and in 1997, youth speaker Louie Giglio asked if he would be interested in working with the Passion Conferences. Tomlin has been in that movement ever since.
Musical career[link]
His first nationally released solo project, titled The Noise We Make, was released in 2001, featuring the songs "Forever," "Be Glorified", and "Kindness", each of which made the top 200 in the CCLI 2005 top 500 worship songs.[3] He released the live EP 545 in 2002, and the studio album Not to Us (2002).
Although he is a solo artist, Tomlin uses a consistent band lineup. He writes many of his songs with the band members. The band includes of Daniel Carson (electric guitar, backup vocals), Jesse Reeves (bass guitar, backup vocals), Travis Nunn (drums), and Matt Gilder (piano, keys). He plays guitar and piano.
According to Christian Copyright Licensing International's list of the top 25 worship songs in the US in August 2007, Tomlin held 5 spots with songs he has either written or co-written: "How Great Is Our God" (No. 1), "Forever" (No. 5), "Holy Is the Lord" (No. 7), "We Fall Down" (No. 12), and "Indescribable" (No. 22). In 2008, Tomlin held 6 spots on 20 The Countdown Magazine's top 20 praise and worship songs: "We Fall Down" (No. 14), "Forever" (No. 10), "Holy is the Lord" (No. 8), "Indescribable" (No. 6), "Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)" (No. 3), and "How Great is our God" (No. 1).[4]
Tomlin has toured with contemporary Christian music artists, such as Delirious? during his first tour, and as a supporting act of Steven Curtis Chapman during his All Things New Tour. Tomlin has headlined several tours, such as the Chris Tomlin Indescribable Tour, which featured worship artist Matt Redman, and speaker Louie Giglio,[5] and headlining the See the Morning Tour. From April to October 2007, Tomlin toured with Louie Giglio and Matt Redman on his "How Great Is Our God" tour.[3] In 2008, Tomlin toured with Passion Conferences on its world tour. In early 2009, he was in the Hello Love tour with Israel Houghton and New Breed. In summer of 2010, he was in the "Hello Tonight" tour with TobyMac.
Tomlin has been featured at conferences and music festivals. Among these, he played at Grand Saline's annual Salt Festival.[6] Hillsong's 2007 conference, and the 2008 Compassionart International Songwriting retreat, which was dedicated to writing songs whose revenue would support charities serving the poorest of the world's poor. Other prominent songwriters included were Matt Redman, Martin Smith, Stuart Garrard, and Steven Curtis Chapman. In 2009, Tomlin played at the Harvest Crusade at Anaheim Angels Stadium.
On June 14, 2007, Tomlin's version of the song "Indescribable" was used as the official wake-up call for Mission Specialist Patrick Forrester on Space Shuttle mission STS-117.
In May 2008, Tomlin announced a move from The Austin Stone Community Church, to start a new church with Louie Giglio in Atlanta, Georgia.[7][8]
In 2009, Tomlin released a Christmas album, Glory in the Highest: Christmas Songs of Worship.[9] It includes three original Christmas songs and features duets with Matt Redman, Christy Nockels, and Audrey Assad. The album peaked at No. 9 on the Billboard 200 list and at No. 1 for Holiday albums.
Personal life[link]
Tomlin married Lauren Bricken,[10] on November 9, 2010.[11][12][13]
In May 2011, Tomlin announced that he and Lauren are expecting their first child.[14][15] He announced on Twitter that the couple's daughter, Ashlyn Alexandra Tomlin, was born in September 2011.[citation needed]
Discography[link]
- Inside Your Love (1995)
- Authentic (1998)
- Too Much Free Time (1998) with Ross King
- The Noise We Make (2001)
- Not to Us (2002)
- Arriving (2004)
- See the Morning (2006)
- Hello Love (2008)
- Glory in the Highest: Christmas Songs of Worship (2009)
- And If Our God Is for Us... (2010)
- How Great Is Our God: The Essential Collection (2011)
- Passion event albums
- Better Is One Day (1999)
- The Road To One Day (2000)
- One Day: Live (2000)
- Our Love is Loud (2002)
- Sacred Revolution: Songs From OneDay 03 (2003)
- Hymns: Ancient and Modern (2004)
- How Great Is Our God (2005)
- Everything Glorious (2006)
- The Best of Passion (So Far) (2006)
- Live From Passion 07 Pts. 1 & 3 (2007)
- God of This City (2008)
- Awakening (2010)
- Here for You (2011)
- White Flag (2012)
- Non-album songs
- "Whisper My Name" [Forefront] - Eterne: Never Be the Same (2000)
- "Salvation" - Pour Over Me - Worship Together Live 2001 (2001)
- "Give Us Clean Hands" - Pour Over Me - Worship Together Live 2001 (2001)
- "Satisfied" [Forefront] - Secrets Of The Vine: Music... A Worship Experience (2002)
- "Lord, I'm Gonna Love You" [Sparrow] - Your Love Broke Through (2002)
- "Expressions of Your Love" (duet w/ Rebecca St. James) [Sparrow] - It Takes Two: 15 Collaborations & Duets (2003)
- "Where the Streets Have No Name" [Sparrow/EMI CMG] - In the Name of Love: Artists United for Africa (2004)
- "You're The One" [Disney/EMI CMG] - Music Inspired by The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe (2005)
- "Angels We Have Heard On High" [Word] - WOW Christmas: Green (2005)
- "Mighty to Save" [Integrity] - Bonus disc included with Fruitcake and Ice Cream DVD (2008)
- "Your Heart [David] - Music Inspired by The Story (2011)
Charts[link]
Albums - Billboard (North America)
| Year | Album | Peak chart positions | RIAA certifications | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Top Christian Albums | Billboard 200 Albums | |||
| 2004 | Arriving | 6 | 39 | Platinum |
| 2006 | See the Morning | 1 | 15 | Gold |
| 2008 | Hello Love | 1 | 9 | Gold |
| 2009 | Glory in the Highest: Christmas Songs of Worship | 2 | 19 | Gold |
| 2010 | And If Our God Is for Us... | 1 | 17 | |
Singles - Billboard (North America)
| Year | Title | Peak chart positions | Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Heat | Hot Christian Songs | |||
| 2004 | "Indescribable" | 2 | Arriving | |
| 2005 | "Holy Is the Lord" | 2 | ||
| "How Great Is Our God" | 14 | 1 | ||
| 2006 | "Made to Worship" | 1 | See the Morning | |
| 2007 | "How Can I Keep from Singing" | 2 | ||
| "Amazing Grace (My Chains are Gone)" | 2 | |||
| 2008 | "Jesus Messiah" | 2 | Hello Love | |
| 2009 | "I Will Rise" | 50 | 2 | |
| "Sing Sing Sing" | 6 | |||
| "God of This City" | 28 | |||
| 2010 | "Our God" | 9 | 1 | Passion: Awakening |
| "I Will Follow" | 14 | 2 | And If Our God Is for Us... | |
| 2011 | "I Lift My Hands" | 11 | ||
| "How Great is Our God (World Edition)" | 38 | How Great Is Our God: The Essential Collection | ||
| 2012 | "White Flag" | Passion: White Flag | ||
1 Currently active on the charts
Music videos[link]
- "Expressions of Your Love" (With Rebecca St. James) (2004)
- "Amazing Grace (My Chains are Gone)" (2007)
- "I Lift My Hands" (2011)
Awards[link]
Grammy Awards[link]
| Year | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2009 | Best Pop/Contemporary Gospel Album (Hello Love) | Nominated |
| 2011 | Best Gospel Song ("Our God") | Nominated |
| 2012 | Best Gospel/Contemporary Christian Music Performance ("I Lift My Hands") | Nominated |
| Best Contemporary Christian Music Song ("I Lift My Hands") | Nominated | |
| Best Contemporary Christian Music Album (And If Our God Is For Us...) | Won |
GMA Dove Awards[link]
Throughout his career, Chris Tomlin has been nominated to 32 Dove Awards (6 of them, collaborative efforts) and won 17 of them.
| Year | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|
| 2005 | Praise & Worship Album of the Year (Arriving) | Won |
| 2006 | Artist of the Year | Won |
| Male Vocalist of the Year | Won | |
| Song of the Year ("Holy Is the Lord") | Nominated | |
| Song of the Year ("How Great Is Our God") | Won | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Holy Is the Lord") | Won | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("How Great Is Our God") | Nominated | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Indescribable")1 | Won | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (Music Inspired by The Chronicles of Narnia)* | Won | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (Passion: How Great Is Our God)* | Nominated | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (WOW Christmas: Green)* | Nominated | |
| 2007 | Artist of the Year | Won |
| Male Vocalist of the Year | Won | |
| Song of the Year ("Made to Worship") | Nominated | |
| Pop/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year ("Made to Worship") | Nominated | |
| Pop/Contemporary Album of the Year (See The Morning) | Won | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Holy Is the Lord") | Won | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Made to Worship") | Nominated | |
| Praise & Worship Album of the Year (See The Morning) | Won | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (Passion: Everything Glorious)* | Won | |
| 2008 | Artist of the Year | Nominated |
| Male Vocalist of the Year | Won | |
| Song of the Year ("Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)") | Nominated | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)") | Nominated | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("How Great Is Our God") | Won | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (Music Inspired By the Motion Picture Amazing Grace)* | Nominated | |
| 2009 | Artist of the Year | Nominated |
| Male Vocalist of the Year | Nominated | |
| Song of the Year ("Amazing Grace (My Chains Are Gone)") | Nominated | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Jesus Messiah") | Nominated | |
| Praise & Worship Album of the Year (Hello Love) | Nominated | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (Passion: God of This City)* | Won | |
| Contemporary Gospel Recorded Song of the Year ("How Great Is Our God")2 | Won | |
| 2010 | Song of the Year ("I Will Rise") | Nominated |
| Worship Song of the Year ("I Will Rise") | Nominated | |
| Praise & Worship Album of the Year (Hello Love) | Nominated | |
| Christmas Album of the Year (Glory in the Highest: Christmas Songs of Worship) | Nominated | |
| 2011 | Artist of the Year | Nominated |
| Male Vocalist of the Year | Won | |
| Song of the Year ("Our God") | Nominated | |
| Worship Song of the Year ("Our God") | Won | |
| Special Event Album of the Year (Passion: Awakening)* | Won |
- *Denotes a collaborative effort or a song contribution to a "Various artists" album.
- 1 The song was performed by Tomlin, but written and produced by Laura Story.
- 2 The song was performed by LaRue Howard, but written by Tomlin.
[edit] Billboard Music Awards
| Year | Award | Result[16] |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Top Christian Artist | Won |
| Top Christian Album (And If Our God Is for Us...) | Nominated | |
| Top Christian Song ("Our God") | Won |
Others[link]
Tomlin was nominated for two 2009 Visionary Award: Male Entertainer of the Year and Song of the Year for "Jesus Messiah".[17]
Bibliography[link]
- Chris Tomlin, The Way I Was Made: Words and Music for an Unusual Life, Multnomah, 2004. ISBN 978-1-59052-327-8
References[link]
- ^ Tyler Paper, "Superstar's homecoming brings memories, praise"
- ^ , [1]
- ^ a b "Chris Tomlin's official Site". Christomlin.com. http://www.christomlin.com/. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ "CCLI Top 25 Worship Songs List". Ccli.com. http://www.ccli.com/US/WhatWeOffer/ChurchCopyrightLicenses/top%20songs.aspx. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ Chris Tomlin Indescribable Tour poster[dead link]
- ^ Van Zandt Newspapers, Chris Tomlin to Kick off Salt Festival
- ^ "Human3rror Blog". Human3rror.com. http://human3rror.com/2008/05/11/chris-tomlin-leaving-austin-stone/. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ "Modern March blog". Modernmarch.com. 2008-10-10. http://modernmarch.com/2008/10/10/giglio-and-tomlin-to-plant-church/. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ "NewReleaseTuesday.com". NewReleaseTuesday.com. 2011-09-19. http://www.newreleasetuesday.com/coming_soon.php. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ "Chris Tomlin Marries". Parachute Music. http://www.parachutemusic.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=757:chris-tomlin-marries&catid=16:international-news&Itemid=93. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ Louie Giglio's Twitter Page
- ^ Shelley Giglio's Twitter Page
- ^ Janet Reeve's Twitter Page
- ^ Heathcock, Jennifer (2011-05-04). "CBS 19". Cbs19.tv. http://www.cbs19.tv/story/14575562/chris-tomlin-honored-in-grand-saline. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ "The Fish". 1039thefish.com. 2011-05-08. http://www.1039thefish.com/article.asp?id=2183021&spid=40320. Retrieved 2011-09-25.
- ^ "2011 Billboard Music Awards Winners". The Inquisitr. May 22, 2011. http://www.inquisitr.com/107858/2011-billboard-music-awards-winners-full-list/. Retrieved September 25, 2011.
- ^ http://www.hallmuseum.com Christian Music Hall of Fame official site
External links[link]
|
|||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Tomlin, Chris |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | May 4, 1972 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Chris_Tomlin
Related pages:
http://fr.wn.com/Chris Tomlin
http://de.wn.com/Chris Tomlin
http://es.wn.com/Chris Tomlin
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Tomlin
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Kanye West | |
|---|---|
.jpg) West at the SWU Music & Arts Festival, 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Kanye Omari West |
| Born | (1977-06-08) June 8, 1977 (age 35) Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
| Origin | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | rapper, singer, songwriter, record producer, music video director, film director, fashion designer |
| Instruments | Vocals, keyboards, sampler, percussion, synthesizer |
| Years active | 1996–present |
| Labels | GOOD Music, Roc-A-Fella, Def Jam |
| Associated acts | Go Getters, Child Rebel Soldier, Jay-Z, The Throne, Common, John Legend, Kid Cudi, Rihanna, Jeff Bhasker, Pusha T, Mos Def, Mr Hudson, Talib Kweli, Big Sean, A-Trak, Pharrell, Lupe Fiasco, RZA |
| Website | kanyewest.com |
Kanye Omari West (
/ˈkɑːnjeɪ/; born June 8, 1977)[1] is an American musician, film director and fashion designer. West first rose to fame as a producer for Roc-A-Fella Records, where he eventually achieved recognition for his work on Jay-Z's album The Blueprint, as well as hit singles for musical artists including Alicia Keys, Ludacris, and Janet Jackson. His style of production originally used pitched-up vocal samples from soul songs incorporated with his own drums and instruments. However, subsequent productions saw him broadening his musical palette and expressing influences encompassing '70s R&B, baroque pop, trip hop, arena rock, folk, alternative, electronica, synthpop, and classical music.[2]
West released his debut album The College Dropout in 2004, his second album Late Registration in 2005, his third album Graduation in 2007, his fourth album 808s & Heartbreak in 2008, and his fifth album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy in 2010. West released a collaborative album, Watch the Throne with Jay-Z in 2011, which is the duo's first collaborative album. His five solo albums, all of which have gone platinum, have received numerous awards and critical acclaim.[3] As of 2012, West has won a total of eighteen Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time.[4] All albums have been very commercially successful, with My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy becoming his fourth consecutive No. 1 album in the U.S. upon release.[5] West has had 5 songs exceed 3 million in digital sales as of July 2011, with "Gold Digger" selling 3,086,000, "Stronger" selling 4,402,000, "Heartless" selling 3,742,000, "E.T." selling over 4,000,000 and "Love Lockdown" selling over 3,000,000[6][7] placing him third in overall digital sales of the past decade.[8][9] He has sold over 30 million digital songs in the United States making him one of the best-selling digital artists of all-time.[10]
West also runs his own record label GOOD Music, home to artists such as John Legend, Common and Kid Cudi.[11] West's mascot and trademark is "Dropout Bear," a teddy bear which has appeared on the covers of three of his five solo albums as well as various single covers and in his music videos.[12] About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list.[13] On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game."[14] On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was voted as the MTV Man of the Year by MTV.[15] Billboard ranked Kanye West No. 3 on their list of Top 10 Producers of the Decade.[16] West has also been included in the Time 100 list of the most influential people in the world as well as being listed in a number of Forbes' annual lists.[17]
Kanye will release the full-length album entitled Cruel Summer with GOOD Music signed artists sometime in 2012.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Kanye West was born in Atlanta, Georgia,[18] where he lived with his parents. When he was three years old, his parents divorced, and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois.[19] His father was Ray West, a former Black Panther who was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution, and is now a Christian counselor.[19] West's mother, Dr. Donda West, was a Professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University before retiring to serve as West's manager. He was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School[20] in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois after living in Chicago.[21] When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'".[22]
West attended art classes at the American Academy of Art in Chicago, and also enrolled at Chicago State University, but dropped out to focus on his music career.[23] While attending school, West produced for local artists. He later gained fame by producing hit singles for major hip hop/R&B artists, including Jay-Z, Talib Kweli, Cam'ron, Paul Wall, Common, Mobb Deep, Jermaine Dupri, Scarface, The Game, Alicia Keys, Janet Jackson, John Legend among others. He also "ghost-produced" for his mentor Deric Angelettie, according to his song "Last Call" and the credits of Nas' "Poppa Was a Playa".[23]
Music career[link]
1996–2003: Career beginnings[link]
Kanye West's first career productions came on Chicago rapper Grav's 1996 debut album Down to Earth. West produced eight tracks on the album. While the album did not attract much attention and would be the only album released by Grav, West would soon be producing for higher profile artists. In 1998–1999 he produced for well-known artists such as Jermaine Dupri, Foxy Brown, Goodie Mob, and the group Harlem World.
West got his big break in the year 2000, when he began to produce for artists on Roc-a-Fella Records. He produced the well-received Jay-Z song "This Can't Be Life" off of the album The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West would later state that to create the beat for "This Can't Be Life", he sped up the drum beat from Dr. Dre's song "Xxplosive".[24]
After producing for Jay-Z earlier, West’s sound was featured heavily on Jay-Z's critically acclaimed album The Blueprint, released September 11, 2001.[25] His work was featured on the lead single "Izzo (H.O.V.A.)", "Heart of the City (Ain't No Love)" and a diss track against Nas and Mobb Deep named "Takeover"; West has worked with Mobb Deep and Nas since the track's release.[25]
After meeting great commercial success and critical acclaim for his productions on The Blueprint, West became a sought after producer in the hip-hop industry, even before he became known as a rapper and solo artist. In the years 2002–2003 he would produce for artists such as Nas, Scarface, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, T.I., Ludacris, DMX, and Monica. He also continued producing for Roc-a-Fella Records artists and contribued four tracks to Jay-Z's follow up album to The Blueprint, The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse.
After great successes as a producer, West now looked to pursue a career as a rapper and solo artist, but struggled to get a record deal. Chris Anokute, then A&R at Def Jam, said that when West regularly dropped by the office to pick up his producer checks he would play demos of solo material to Anokute in his cubicle and bemoan the fact that no one was taking him seriously as a rapper.[26] Jay-Z admitted that Roc-A-Fella was initially reluctant to support West as a rapper, claiming that he saw him as a producer first and foremost.[27] Multiple record companies felt he was not as marketable as rappers who portray the "street image" prominent in hip hop culture.[24] Beginning his career as a rapper, Kanye West recorded the third verse on the song "The Bounce" off of Jay-Z's The Blueprint²: The Gift & the Curse, an album he produced for, from the same label he was signed to as a rapper.
[edit] 2004–05: The College Dropout and Late Registration
On October 23, 2002, West was involved in a near fatal car crash while driving home from the recording studio.[28] The crash provided inspiration for West's first single, "Through the Wire".[29] West's faith is apparent in many of his songs, such as "Jesus Walks", which became a staple at his benefit performances, such as the Live 8 concert. These songs were featured on West's debut album, The College Dropout, which was released on Roc-A-Fella Records in February 2004, and went on to receive critical acclaim. The album also defined the style for which West would become known, including wordplay and sampling.[29] The album was eventually certified triple platinum. Guest appearances included Jay-Z, Ludacris, GLC, Consequence, Talib Kweli, Mos Def, Common, and Syleena Johnson. The album also featured the singles, "All Falls Down" and "The New Workout Plan", as well as Twista's number one single, "Slow Jamz".[30] During 2003 West also co-produced songs for British singer Javine Hylton, even appearing in the music video to Real Things playing the love interest of Javine.
West was involved in a financial dispute over Royce Da 5'9"'s song "Heartbeat", produced by West and released on Build & Destroy: The Lost Sessions. West maintains that Royce never paid for the beat, but recorded to it and released it; hearing him on the beat, the original customers decided not to buy it from West. After the disagreement, West vowed to never work with Royce again.[31] Other Kanye West-produced hit singles during the period The College Dropout was released included "I Changed My Mind" by Keyshia Cole, "Overnight Celebrity" by Twista and "Talk About Our Love" by Brandy.[29]
Taking a more eclectic route, West collaborated with American film score composer Jon Brion to construct his second album, Late Registration, which was released on August 30, 2005.[32] Like its predecessor, the sophomore effort garnered universal acclaim from music critics.[33] Late Registration topped countless critic polls and was revered as the best album of the year by numerous publications, including USA Today, Spin, and Time.[34][35] Rolling Stone awarded the album the highest position on their end of the year record list and hailed it as a "sweepingly generous, absurdly virtuosic hip-hop classic."[36] The record earned the number one spot on the Village Voice's Pazz & Jop critics' poll of 2005 for the second consecutive year.[37] Late Registration was also a commercial success, selling over 860,000 copies in its first week alone and topping the Billboard 200.[38] Grossing over 2.3 million units sold in the United States alone by year's end, Late Registration was considered by industry observers as the sole majorly successful album release of the fall of 2005, a season that was plagued by steadily declining CD sales.[39] The second album earned eight Grammy Award nominations including Album of the Year and Record of the Year for the song "Gold Digger".[40] The album is certified triple platinum.[41]
On August 22, 2005, the MTV special All Eyes On Kanye West aired, in which West spoke out against homophobia in hip-hop. He claimed that hip-hop has always been about "speaking your mind and about breaking down barriers, but everyone in hip-hop discriminates against gay people."[42] He then reflected on a personal experience. He said that he had a "turning point" when he realized one of his cousins was gay. He said regarding this experience: "This is my cousin. I love him and I've been discriminating against gays." He drew comparison between African Americans' struggle for civil rights and today's gay rights movement. The following year, in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, West further expounded his experiences with and views on the relationship between the black and gay communities.[43]
In September 2005, West announced that he would release his Pastelle Clothing line in spring 2006:[44] "Now that I have a Grammy under my belt and Late Registration is finished, I am ready to launch my clothing line next spring." In that year, West produced the hit singles "Go" by Common and "Dreams" by The Game.[45]
[edit] 2007–09: Graduation and 808s & Heartbreak
In 2007, it was announced that West would be starring in a series directed by Larry Charles. He has been working on the pilot episode for the past two years with Larry Charles and Rick Rubin. He also had this to say on January 14: "I wouldn't do something as cliché as a reality show. At least give me the credit for being more creative than that. It's a situational half-hour comedy. It's fictional, and loosely based on my life.[46] " West also collaborated with Japanese hip-hop group Teriyaki Boyz to produce the single "I Still Love H.E.R.", a reference to Common's 1994 single "I Used to Love H.E.R.". Further to this, during a radio appearance in early 2007, West, like many of his peers, recorded an impromptu freestyle to the popular song "Throw Some D's." The song that to all other rappers was about automobile rims, was used by West to comically refer to D-cup breasts. Because of the unexpected success of the song, West went on to make a video for the freestyle, in which he is seen playing his 'Old Ass Cousin'.[47]
West was also featured in a new song called "Classic (Better Than I've Ever Been)". It was believed to be a single for, Graduation, because he is featured on the track, but Nike quickly explained that it was for the Nike Air Force 1's anniversary. It was meant only to be an exclusive track for the company.[48]
On March 25, 2007, he and his father Ray West supported World Water Day by having a "Walk for Water" rally.[49] After a two-year break, West has returned to being a fashion columnist in lifestyle magazine Complex.[50] On July 7, 2007, West performed with The Police and John Mayer at the American leg of Live Earth.[51] West hosted the August 17 edition of British comedy- variety show The Friday Night Project.[52]
In July 2007, West changed the release date of Graduation, his third album, from September 18, 2007, to the same release date as 50 Cent's album Curtis, September 11, 2007.[53] 50 Cent later claimed that if Graduation were to sell more records than Curtis, he would stop releasing solo albums. However, 50 Cent would later dispel his comments.[54] The album has been certified double platinum. Guest appearances included T-Pain, Mos Def, and Lil Wayne.[55]
| “ | When I heard that thing about the debate, I thought that was the stupidest thing. When my albums drops and 50's album drops, you're gonna get a lot of good music at the same time.[56] | ” |
On August 26, 2007, West appeared as himself on the HBO television show Entourage which he used as a platform to premier his new single "Good Life" during the end credits. On September 9, 2007, West performed at the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards, losing in every category he was nominated for; he gave an angry speech immediately afterward. (see "Controversies" section)
Following the MTV stint, West was nominated in eight Grammy Award categories for the 50th annual Grammy Awards.[57] He won four of them,[58] including Best Rap Album for Graduation and Best Rap Solo Performance for "Stronger" from Graduation. During the four-hour televised Grammy Awards ceremony, West also performed two songs: "Stronger" (with Daft Punk) and "Hey Mama" (in honor of his recently deceased mother).[59]
File:Kanye West Chicago Tour 2008.jpg
West performing at the United Center in Chicago
West kicked off the Glow in the Dark Tour in Seattle at the Key Arena on April 16. The tour was originally scheduled to end in June in Cincinnati but was extended into August. Over the course of the tour West was joined by a varying group of opening acts, including Lupe Fiasco, Rihanna, N.E.R.D., DJ Craze, and Gnarls Barkley. On June 15, West was scheduled to perform a late night set at the Bonnaroo Music Festival. His performance started almost two hours late and ran for half of its alloted time, angering many fans in the audience. West later wrote an outraged entry on his blog, blaming the festival organizers as well as Pearl Jam's preceding set, which ran longer than expected.
On September 7, West debuted a new song "Love Lockdown" at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards. "Love Lockdown" features no rapping and only singing using an auto-tune device. This song appears on West's fourth studio album, 808s & Heartbreak. The new album was expected to be released on December 16, but West announced on his blog on September 24, 2008, that he had finished the album and would be releasing it sometime in November, earlier than previously scheduled. In early October, West made a surprise appearance at a T.I. concert in Los Angeles, where he stated that 808s & Heartbreak was scheduled to be released on November 25, though it was actually released on the 24th, and that the second single is "Heartless". The album was another number one album for West, even though the first week numbers fell well short of Graduation with 450,145 sold.[60]
West performed at the American Music Awards ceremony on November 23.[61] That same night he won two AMA awards, including Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Album for Graduation and Favorite Rap/Hip-Hop Male Artist. West performed at the Democratic National Convention in Denver in August 2008, along with Wyclef Jean and N.E.R.D. in support of Barack Obama. On January 20, 2009, Kanye West performed at the Youth Inaugural Ball hosted by MTV for Obama's inauguration.
On February 17, 2009, West was named one of Top 10 Most Stylish Men in America by GQ.[62] The next day, February 18, 2009, West won International Male Solo Artist at The Brit Awards 2009. West was not in attendance but accepted his award with a video speech, saying "Barack is the 'Best Interracial Male' but I'm proud to be the Best International Male in the world.[63]
In April 2009, Kanye West recorded a song called "Hurricane" with 30 Seconds to Mars to appear on their album This Is War, but was not released due to legal issues with both record companies. The song was eventually released on the deluxe version of This Is War, titled "Hurricane 2.0".[64][65][66]
[edit] 2010–present: My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy and Watch the Throne
In May 2010, West made an animated television guest appearance on Fox's animated television series The Cleveland Show (a spin-off of Family Guy) as the voice behind "Kenny West", a rival of Cleveland Brown's son.[67] In his first episode he performed in a rap battle with Cleveland's son. The producers stated working with West was a very good experience and a reason they chose him was because they knew he was a fan of Family Guy.[68] Kenny West re-appeared in the season 2 premiere of The Cleveland Show.
West spent the first half of 2010 in Honolulu, Hawaii, working on his new album with the working title "Good Ass Job", later named My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy, released on November 22, 2010.[69] West has cited Maya Angelou, Gil Scott-Heron and Nina Simone as his musical inspirations for this album. Outside production is said to come from RZA, Q-Tip, Pete Rock, and DJ Premier.[70][71] West also had Justin Vernon flown into his studio on Oahu after seemingly expressing interest in sampling one of Bon Iver's songs; Vernon proceeded to feature on a number of new tracks, including "Lost In The World," which features Vernon's vocal line from Woods.[72]
On May 28, the Dwele-assisted first single from the album, entitled "Power", leaked to the Internet. On June 30, the track was officially released via iTunes. The upcoming music video was quoted as being "apocalyptic, in a very personal way" by the director Marco Brambilla.[73]
On September 12, 2010, West performed a new song, "Runaway" featuring Pusha T, at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards.[74] Shortly after the performance, Kanye revealed he was working on a 35 minute short film based around the song. The movie is said to be influenced by film noir and concerns a fallen phoenix whom Kanye falls in love with.[75] On October 15, 2010, Kanye West was ranked 3rd in BET's "Top Ten Rappers of the 21st Century" list.[76]
Watch the Throne, a collaborative studio album by West and Jay-Z,[77] was released by Def Jam Recordings on August 8, 2011.[78] It has been under production since August 2010 as part of West's GOOD Friday initiative of releasing new songs every Friday between August 20 and Christmas 2010.[79] West said through a recent interview with MTV that the album is "going to be very dark and sexy, like couture hip hop."[79][80][81] He appeared at the Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade, performing the track "Lost in the World" from My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy.[82] On January 6, 2011, Kanye announced via Twitter that the first official single from Watch the Throne would be a song called "H•A•M" produced by Lex Luger. The song was released on January 11, 2011.[83]
On April 17, 2011, West closed the Coachella Festival with a headlining set that received glowing praise from fans and critics alike.[84][85] On July 20, a track titled "Otis" from the album was released in the iTunes Store. It samples "Try a Little Tenderness" by Otis Redding.[86] On October 19, 2011, via his Twitter, West announced plans for a Spring 2012 GOOD Music album release.[87] On April 6, 2012, "Mercy", the lead single from the GOOD Music compilation album, Cruel Summer, was released.[88] The song, produced by newly signed in-house producer Lifted, features West along with Big Sean, Pusha T and southern rapper 2 Chainz.[89]
Other ventures[link]
Business ventures[link]
In August 2008, West revealed plans to open 10 Fatburger restaurants in the Chicago area; the first was set to open in September 2008 in Orland Park. The second followed in January 2009, while a third location is yet to be revealed, although the process is being finalized. His company, KW Foods LLC, bought the rights to the chain in Chicago.[90] Additionally, West planned to launch his fashion career, and applied for internships with major European fashion houses.[91] He was due to release his own clothing line called Past Tell in 2009. He also collaborated with Nike to release his own shoe, Air Yeezys.
On January 22, 2009, during Paris Fashion Week, West introduced his first shoe line designed for Louis Vuitton. The line was released in summer 2009.
On October 1, 2011, Kanye West premiered his women's fashion label, DW Kanye West[92] at Paris Fashion Week. He received support from DSquared2 duo Dean and Dan Caten, Olivier Theyskens, Jeremy Scott, Azzedine Alaïa, and the Olsen twins, who were also in attendance during his show. His debut fashion show received mixed-to-negative reviews,[93][94] ranging from reserved observations by Style.com[95] to excoriating commentary by The Wall Street Journal,[96] the New York Times,[97] the International Herald Tribune, Elleuk.com, The Daily Telegraph, Harper's Bazaar and many others.[98][99][100]
Philanthropy[link]
West started the "Kanye West Foundation" in Chicago in 2003. On August 24, 2007, West hosted the inaugural benefit concert to launch the foundation's partnership with Strong American Schools. It is focused on helping Latino and African American children stay in school and continue education through grade school, high school, and college. The foundation also helps children pursue music in school. West has contributed over $500,000 to his foundation. The foundation has also been called the "Donda West Foundation".
Kanye West has appeared and participated in many fundraisers, benefit concerts, and has done community work for Hurricane Katrina relief, the Kanye West Foundation, the Millions More Movement, 100 Black Men of America, a Live Earth concert benefit, World Water Day rally and march, Nike runs, and a MTV special helping young Iraq War veterans who struggle through debt and PTSD a second chance after returning home.[101]
Musical style and influences[link]
At the start of his career, Kanye West's production style often used pitched-up vocal samples, usually from soul songs, with his own drums and instruments.[25] His first major release featuring his trademark vocal sampling style was "This Can't Be Life", a track from Jay-Z’s The Dynasty: Roc La Familia. West said he sped up the drum beat of Dr. Dre's "Xxplosive" to use as a replacement for his drums on "This Can't Be Life".[24]
West has said that Wu-Tang Clan producer RZA influenced him in his style,[21][102] and has said on numerous occasions that Wu-Tang rappers Ghostface Killah and Ol' Dirty Bastard were some of his all-time favorites, "Wu-Tang? Me and my friends talk about this all the time... We think Wu-Tang had one of the biggest impacts as far as a movement. From slang to style of dress, skits, the samples. Similar to the [production] style I use, RZA has been doing that."[103] RZA himself has spoken quite positively of the comparisons, stating in an interview for Rolling Stone, "All good. I got super respect for Kanye. He came up to me about a year or two ago. He gave me mad praising and blessings... For people to say Wu-Tang inspire Kanye, Kanye is one of the biggest artists in the world. That goes back to what we say: 'Wu-Tang is forever.' Kanye is going to inspire people to be like him."[104] After hearing his work on The Blueprint, RZA claimed that a torch-passing had occurred between him and West, saying, "The shoes gotta be filled. If you ain't gonna do it, somebody else is gonna do it. That's how I feel about rap today."[104]
While his use of sampling has lessened over time, West's production continues to feature distinctive and intricate string arrangements. This characteristic arose from him listening to the English trip hop group Portishead, whose 1998 live album Roseland NYC Live, with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra inspired him to incorporate string sections into his hip hop production.[2] Though he was unable to afford live instruments beyond violin riffs provided by Israeli violinist Miri Ben-Ari around the time of his debut album, its subsequent commercial success allowed him to hire his very own eleven-piece string orchestra. For a time, West stood as the sole current pop star to tour with a string section.[2]
West has stated on several occasions that outside of work, he favors listening to rock music over hip-hop. He cites Franz Ferdinand, Red Hot Chili Peppers, and The Killers as some of his favorite musical groups. Additionally, on Graduation, West drew inspiration from arena rock bands such as U2, The Rolling Stones and Led Zeppelin for melody and chord progression.[105] Both a fan and supporter of indie culture, West uses his official website to promote obscure indie rock bands, posting up music videos and mp3s on a daily basis.[106] This musical affinity is mutual, as West has collaborated with indie artists such as Santigold, Peter Bjorn and John, and Lykke Li while his songs have gone on to be covered countless times by myriad rock bands.[107]
Personal life[link]
Relationships[link]
Kanye West and designer Alexis Phifer ended their 18-month engagement in 2008. The couple had been dating on and off since 2002, with West eventually proposing in August 2006. According to a friend, the couple's relationship had become increasingly strained, burdened by the sheer amount of time and attention West was dedicating to his current concert tour. "It's always sad when things like this end, and we remain friends," Phifer told People.[108]
West was also in a high profile on/off relationship with Amber Rose from 2008 until the summer of 2010. He is now reportedly dating reality star Kim Kardashian.[109]
Mother's death[link]
On November 10, 2007, West's mother, Donda West, died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction.[110] TMZ reported that Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian refused to do the surgery because Donda West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack.[110] Aboolian referred her to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue.[110] Donda never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams.[110] She was 58 years old (1949–2007).
Adams sent condolences to Donda West's family but declined to publicly discuss the procedure because of confidentiality.[111] He had previously been under scrutiny by the medical board.[112][113][114] Adams appeared on Larry King Live on November 20, 2007 but left before speaking. Two days later, he appeared again, with his attorney, stating he was there to "defend himself." He said that the recently released autopsy results "spoke for themselves".[115] The final coroner's report January 10, 2008 concluded that Donda West died of "coronary artery disease and multiple post-operative factors due to or as a consequence of liposuction and mammoplasty."[116]
The funeral and burial for Donda West was held in Oklahoma City on November 20, 2007.[117] West held his first concert following the funeral at The O2 in London on November 22. He dedicated a performance of "Hey Mama", as well as a cover of Journey's "Don't Stop Believin'", to his mother, and did so on all other dates of his Glow in the Dark tour.[118]
At a December 2008 press conference in New Zealand, West spoke about his mother's death for the first time. "It was like losing an arm and a leg and trying to walk through that," he told reporters.[119]
California governor Arnold Schwarzenegger passed the "Donda West Law," a legislation which makes it mandatory for patients to provide medical clearance for elective cosmetic surgery.[120]
Legal issues[link]
In December 2006, Robert "Evel" Knievel sued West for trademark infringement in West's video for "Touch the Sky." Knievel took issue with a "sexually charged video" in which West takes on the persona of "Evel Kanyevel" and attempts flying a rocket over a canyon. The suit filed in federal court claims infringement on his trademarked name and likeness. Knievel also claims the "vulgar and offensive" images depicted in the video damage his reputation. The suit seeks damages and to stop distribution of the video.[121] West's attorneys argued that the music video amounted to satire and therefore was covered under the First Amendment. Just days before his death in November 2007, Knievel amicably settled the suit after being paid a visit from West, saying, "I thought he was a wonderful guy and quite a gentleman."[122]
On September 11, 2008, West and his road manager/bodyguard Don "Don C." Crowley were arrested at Los Angeles International Airport and booked on charges of felony vandalism after an altercation with the paparazzi in which West and Crowley broke the photographers' cameras.[123][124] West was later released from the Los Angeles Police Department's Pacific Division station in Culver City on $20,000 bail bond. On September 26, 2008 the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office said it would not file felony counts against West over the incident. Instead the case file was forwarded to the city attorney's office, which charged West with one count of misdemeanor vandalism, one count of grand theft and one count of battery and his manager with three counts of each on March 18, 2009.[125] West's and Crowley's arraignment was delayed from an original date of April 14, 2009.[126]
West was arrested again on November 14, 2008 at the Hilton hotel near Gateshead after another scuffle involving a photographer outside the famous Tup Tup Palace nightclub in Newcastle Upon Tyne. He was later released "with no further action", according to a police spokesperson.[127]
Controversies[link]
General media[link]
West has had several controversies throughout his career. On September 2, 2005, during a benefit concert for Hurricane Katrina relief on NBC, A Concert for Hurricane Relief, West was a featured speaker. When West was presenting alongside actor Mike Myers, he deviated from the prepared script. Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said "George Bush doesn't care about black people." At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment reached much of the United States.[128][129] Bush stated in an interview that the comment was "one of the most disgusting moments” of his presidency.[130]
In January 2006, West again sparked controversy when he appeared on the cover of Rolling Stone in the image of Jesus wearing a crown of thorns.[131]
In November, 2010, in a taped interview with Matt Lauer for the Today Show, West expressed regret for his criticism of Bush. "I would tell George Bush in my moment of frustration, I didn't have the grounds to call him a racist," he told Lauer. "I believe that in a situation of high emotion like that we as human beings don't always choose the right words." The following day, Bush reacted to the apology in a live interview with Lauer saying he appreciated the rapper's remorse. "I'm not a hater," Bush said. "I don't hate Kanye West. I was talking about an environment in which people were willing to say things that hurt. Nobody wants to be called a racist if in your heart you believe in equality of races."
Reactions were mixed, but some felt that West had no need to apologize. "It was not the particulars of your words that mattered, it was the essence of a feeling of the insensitivity towards our communities that many of us have felt for far too long," noted Def Jam co-founder Russell Simmons.[132] Dr. Boyce Watkins said that West was, "now part of the establishment, where waffling on your principles is fully expected. Bush deserved no apology, for you don’t apologize to a criminal after repudiating him for an egregious crime.[133] " Bush himself was receptive to the apology, saying, "I appreciate that. It wasn't just Kanye West who was talking like that during Katrina, I cited him as an example, I cited others as an example as well. You know, I appreciate that."[134]
Award shows[link]
In 2004, West had his first of a number of incidents involving music award events. At the American Music Awards of 2004, West stormed out of the auditorium after losing Best New Artist to country singer Gretchen Wilson. He later commented, "I felt like I was definitely robbed [...] I was the best new artist this year."[135] After the 2006 Grammy nominations were released, West said he would "really have a problem" if he did not win the Album of the Year, saying, "I don't care what I do, I don't care how much I stunt – you can never take away from the amount of work I put into it. I don't want to hear all of that politically correct stuff."[136] On November 2, 2006, when his "Touch the Sky" failed to win Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards, West went onto the stage as the award was being presented to Justice and Simian for "We Are Your Friends" and argued that he should have won the award instead.[137][138] Hundreds of news outlets worldwide criticized the outburst. On November 7, 2006, West apologized for this outburst publicly during his performance as support act for U2 for their Vertigo concert in Brisbane.[139] He later spoofed the incident in the season premiere of Saturday Night Live.
On September 9, 2007, West suggested that his race had to do with his being overlooked for opening the 2007 MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) in favor of Britney Spears; he claimed, "Maybe my skin’s not right."[140] West was performing at the event; that night, he lost all 5 awards that he was nominated for, including Best Male Artist and Video of the Year. After the show, he was visibly upset that he had lost at the VMAs two years in a row, stating that he would not come back to MTV ever again. He also appeared on several radio stations saying that when he made the song "Stronger" that it was his dream to open the VMAs with it. He has also stated that Spears has not had a hit in a long period of time and that MTV exploited her for ratings.[141]
On September 13, 2009, during the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards while Taylor Swift was accepting her award for Best Female Video for "You Belong with Me", West went on stage and grabbed the microphone to proclaim that Beyoncé's video for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", nominated for the same award, was "one of the best videos of all time". He was subsequently removed from the remainder of the show for his actions.[142][143][144] When Beyoncé later won the award for Best Video of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", she called Swift up on stage so that she could finish her acceptance speech.[142] West was criticized by various celebrities for the outburst,[143][145][146][147][148] and by President Barack Obama, who called West a "jackass".[149][150][151][152][153] In addition, West's VMA disruption sparked a large influx of Internet photo memes with blogs, forums and "tweets" with the "Let you finish" photo-jokes.[154] Subsequently, West posted two apologies for the outburst on his personal blog; one on the night of the incident and the other the same day he appeared on The Jay Leno Show, on September 14, 2009, where he apologized again.[146][155] After Swift appeared on The View two days after the outburst, partly to discuss the matter, West called her to apologize personally. Swift said she accepted his apology.[156][157][158] In September 2010, West wrote a series of apologetic tweets addressed to Swift including "Beyonce didn't need that. MTV didn't need that and Taylor and her family friends and fans definitely didn't want or need that" and concluding with "I'm sorry Taylor." West also revealed he had written a song for Swift and if she did not accept the song, he would perform it himself.[159] However, on November 8, 2010, in an interview with a Minnesota radio station, West seemed to recant a bit of his past apologies by attempting to describe the act at the 2009 awards show as "selfless" and downgrade the perception of disrespect it created.[160][161]
Discography[link]
Main articles: Kanye West discography and Kanye West production discography
Solo Albums
- The College Dropout (2004)
- Late Registration (2005)
- Graduation (2007)
- 808s & Heartbreak (2008)
- My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy (2010)
Collaborations
- Watch the Throne (2011) – with Jay-Z
- Cruel Summer (2012) – with GOOD Music artists[87]
Filmography[link]
- We Were Once a Fairytale (2009)
- Runaway (2010)
- Cruel Summer (2012)
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Kanye West
References[link]
- ^ "Kanye facts!". UK: Channel 4. August 17, 2007. http://www.channel4.com/music/features/K/kanyefacts.html. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
- ^ a b c Scaggs, Austin (September 20, 2007). "Kanye West: A Genius In Praise of Himself". Rolling Stone (Jann S. Wenner) (1035). Archived from the original on 2012-05-17. http://www.webcitation.org/67jHv64uk. Retrieved 2012-05-17.
- ^ "Kanye West". Metacritic. http://www.metacritic.com/search/process?sort=relevance&ts=kanye+west. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West Grammys: Rapper Takes Home Multiple Awards, Including Best Rap Album". Huffington Post. February 15, 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/12/kanye-west-grammys-wins-awards_n_1272129.html. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/billboard-200?chartDate=2010-12-11
- ^ "Week Ending May 8, 2011. Songs: Rolling In The Dough – Yahoo! Chart Watch". new.music.yahoo.com. May 11, 2011. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74363/week-ending-may-8-2011-songs-rolling-in-the-dough/;_ylt=A0SO0pM6ScxNTs4AZBQPwiUv. Retrieved May 12, 2011.
- ^ "Week Ending July 3, 2011. Songs: Sons Of A Legend – Chart Watch". New.music.yahoo.com. July 6, 2011. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74385/week-ending-july-3-2011-songs-sons-of-a-legend/;_ylt=AiiLt2CITScuJC_I4Ps6KHAPwiUv. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ "Top Digital Artists of the Decade". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/charts-decade-end/digital-songs-artists?year=2009. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
- ^ "Week Ending June 19, 2011. Bad Teenage Dreams – Chart Watch". New.music.yahoo.com. June 22, 2011. http://new.music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart_watch/74378/week-ending-june-22-2011-bad-teenage-dreams/;_ylt=AiiLt2CITScuJC_I4Ps6KHAPwiUv. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ Ross, Dalton (January 6, 2012). "Rihanna crowned best-selling digital artist | The Music Mix | EW.com". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2012/01/06/rihanna-digital-download-record/. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
- ^ "GOOD Music". GOOD Music. http://www.gettingoutourdreams.com/. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ Daly, Sean (December 26, 2004). "From Beyonce to Bono to Bruce, Busy B's Held Sway in Pop". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A24383-2004Dec24.html. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ Henry Adaso; Ivan Rott, Renato P., Bhaskar S., Henry A.. "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers". About.com. p. 8. http://rap.about.com/od/toppicks/ss/Top50Producers_8.htm. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (May 16, 2008). "'Hottest MCs In The Game': No.1 Kanye West". Mtv. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1587618/20080516/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
- ^ Clem Rusty (December, 19, 2010). "Kanye west voted as the man of the year.". http://www.mtv.com/videos/news/607312/man-of-the-year-kanye-west.jhtml#id=1654060.
- ^ "Top Producers of the decade.". May, 21, 2011. http://realtalkny.uproxx.com/2009/12/topic/topic/news/billboards-top-10-producers-of-the-decade/.
- ^ "Forbes Profile: Kanye West". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/profile/kanye-west. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ "Kanye West Coming To Redbird.". Pantagraph. March 8, 2006. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-142980674.html. Retrieved April 26, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ a b Christian, Margena A. (May 14, 2007). "Dr. Donda West tells how she shaped son to be a leader in 'Raising Kanye'". Jet. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1355/is_19_111/ai_n19206336. Retrieved August 19, 2007.
- ^ Davis, Kimberly (2004). "The Many Faces of Kanye West". Ebony. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1077/is_8_59/ai_n6047908. Retrieved July 19, 2007.
- ^ a b "Why You Can't Ignore Kanye". Time. August 21, 2005. http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1096499,00.html. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ Moss, Corey (December 5, 2005). "College Dropout Kanye Tells High School Students Not To Follow In His Footsteps". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1517484/20051205/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved July 28, 2006.
- ^ a b "Kanye West Trumpets Education in TV Spot". San Francisco Chronicle. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080804232028/http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2007/08/24/entertainment/e135410D82.DTL. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ a b c "Artist: Kanye West Album: The College Dropout Song: Last Call". The Original Hip-Hop Lyrics Archive. http://www.ohhla.com/anonymous/kan_west/college/lastcall.wst.txt. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ a b c Burrell, Ian (September 22, 2007). "Kanye West: King of rap". The Independent (UK). http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/kanye-west-king-of-rap-403127.html. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
- ^ "Interview With Chris Anokute". HitQuarters. Oct 18, 2010. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_Chris_Anokute_Interview.html. Retrieved Oct 25, 2010.
- ^ "Kanye west: the man, the music, and the message.(Biography)". The Black Collegian. October 1, 2007. http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-33426663_ITM. Retrieved April 27, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Anish, Josh (2012). "Who Pays More for Car Insurance: Kim or Kanye?". CoverHound. http://coverhound.com/blog/post/kim-kanye-car-insurance. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
- ^ a b c Birchmeier, Jason (2007). "Kanye West — Biography". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p353484. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Grand Kanye". Calgary Sun. http://www.calgarysun.com/cgi-bin/publish.cgi?p=92360&x=articles&s=showbiz. Retrieved April 24, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Kanye West Speaks Through The Wire". HipHopSite. Archived from the original on September 15, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070915010416/http://www.hiphopsite.com/NEWS/interviews.hhs?news_id=FEA3B39B-C571-4ACB-A096-6600549EA18B. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ Perez, Rodrigo (August 12, 2005). "Kanye's Co-Pilot, Jon Brion, Talks About The Making Of Late Registration". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1507538/20050812/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved March 2, 2006.
- ^ "Late Registration". Metacritic. CBS Interactive Inc. September 4, 2005. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/westkanye/lateregistration. Retrieved September 4, 2005.
- ^ Tyrangiel, Josh (December 16, 2005). "Best of 2005: Music". Time magazine (Time, Inc). http://www.time.com/time/arts/article/0,8599,1142059,00.html. Retrieved March 14, 2006.
- ^ Hermes, Will (December 31, 2005). "The 40 Best Albums of 2005". Spin. Spin Media, LLC. http://www.spin.com/articles/40-best-albums-2005?page=0%2C3. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
- ^ "1. Kanye West". Rolling Stone. RealNetworks, Inc. December 15, 2005. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8957147/1_kanye_west. Retrieved September 16, 2007. [dead link]
- ^ Christgau, Robert (January 24, 2006). "New York Pazz and Jop Dean's List". Village Voice. Village Voice Media Holdings, LLC. http://www.villagevoice.com/2006-01-24/pazzandjop/dean-s-list. Retrieved May 22, 2007.
- ^ "Kanye West Blows Up". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/7606082/kanye_west_blows_up. Retrieved April 24, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Knopper, Steve (November 15, 2005). "Kanye Couldn't Save Fall". Rolling Stone. RealNetworks, Inc. http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8829100/kanye_couldnt_save_fall. Retrieved November 27, 2005. [dead link]
- ^ Robinson, Eugene (February 10, 2006). "Lessons Taught by Grammy". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/02/09/AR2006020901436_pf.html. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
- ^ "RIAA – Gold & Platinum". Recording Industry Association of America. Nielsen Business Media Inc. December 12, 2008. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=kanye&format=ALBUM&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2009&sort=Artist&perPage=25. Retrieved December 12, 2008.
- ^ "Column: More than just a rapper". GW Hatchet. http://media.www.gwhatchet.com/media/storage/paper332/news/2005/09/08/Opinions/Column.More.Than.Just.A.Rapper-978469.shtml. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West". Entertainment Weekly. October 2007.
- ^ "Stuff Style Icon of the Year". Stuff (magazine). Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070929131853/http://www.stuffmagazine.com/articles/index.aspx?id=1171. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ "New CDs: Kanye, Clapton". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/okgo/articles/story/7593141/new_cds_kanye_clapton. Retrieved April 24, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Update On Kanye's TV Show". kanYe Talk. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080501110306/http://www.kanyelive.com/news/31.html. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ "Kanye West Loves Rolling Stone. Sort of.". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/rockdaily/index.php/2007/05/29/kanye-west-loves-rolling-stone-sort-of/. Retrieved April 24, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "Nas, KRS-1, Kanye & Rakim Lend Verses In Honor Of Nike Air Force 1". Sound Slam. http://soundslam.com/articles/news/news.php?news=070215_af1ann. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye and Ray West Walk For Water". kanYe Talk. Archived from the original on May 1, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080501110309/http://www.kanyelive.com/news/74.html. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ "Kanye West — Fashion Columnist". kanYe Live. http://www.kanyelive.com/kanye-west-fashion-columnist-76.html. Retrieved March 19, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Police, Pumpkins, PSAs: Live Earth New York, Onstage and Backstage". Rolling Stone. July 8, 2007. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/police-pumpkins-psas-live-earth-new-york-onstage-and-backstage-20070708. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
- ^ "LISTINGS INFORMATION : WEEK 33". Channel 4. http://press.channel4.com/listings/live/C4/live/2007_33/index.htm. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye Competes With 50, Album Pushed Back To September 11". Def Sounds. Archived from the original on April 21, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080421163247/http://www.defsounds.com/news/view/2106-kanye-competes-with-5-album-pushed-back-to-september-11th.html. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "50 Cent Explains Last Week's Blowup, Says 'I Will Be No.1 On September 11'". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1567100/20070814/50_cent.jhtml. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West Massacres 50 Cent In Sales Race!!!!". Hip Hop DX. http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.5721/title.kanye-west-massacres-50-cent-in-sales-race. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West Declines Debate With 50 Cent, Calls It 'Stupid'". Baller Status. Archived from the original on April 9, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080409133340/http://www.ballerstatus.com/article/news/2007/08/2936/. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Leading Nominees Kanye West and Amy Winehouse Added as Performers for 50th Annual GRAMMY(R) Awards". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/businesswire/feeds/businesswire/2008/02/08/businesswire20080208005461r1.html. Retrieved April 24, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ "50th Annual Grammy Awards Winners List". Grammy Awards. Archived from the original on April 4, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080404005333/http://www.grammy.com/GRAMMY_Awards/50th_show/list.aspx. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ Leeds, Jeff (February 11, 2008). "Amy Winehouse Wins Big at Grammy Awards". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/11/arts/music/11gram.html?ex=1360472400%20&%20ei=5088%20&%20en=17d2597cd353b41c%20&%20partner=rssnyt%20&%20emc=rss&pagewanted=all. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ HipHopDX.com – Hip Hop Album Sales. HipHopDX.com. Retrieved December 3, 2008.
- ^ Alicia Keys, Kanye West to Rock AMA Stage" TV Guide. October 20, 2008. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ^ "The 10 Most Stylish Men in America". New York Daily News. February 17, 2009. http://www.nydailynews.com/lifestyle/fashion/galleries/justin_timberlake_gq_magazine_10_most_stylish_men_in_america/justin_timberlake_gq_magazine_10_most_stylish_men_in_america.html#ph2. Retrieved February 17, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Kanye West wins International Male Solo Artist BRIT | News". NME. UK. February 18, 2009. http://www.nme.com/news/brit-awards-2008/42880. Retrieved March 15, 2009.
- ^ James Montgomery (April 15, 2009). "Kanye West Working With 30 Seconds To Mars On New Album". http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609314/20090415/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved April 17, 2009.
- ^ Chris Harris (April 20, 2009). "30STM’s Jared Leto on Working With Kanye West". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/30stms-jared-leto-on-working-with-kanye-west-its-slightly-more-than-unexpected-20090420. Retrieved April 30, 2009.
- ^ "Thirty Seconds To Mars "Hurricane" feat. Kanye West + 2011 tour dates". Band Weblogs. November 24, 2010. http://bandweblogs.com/blog/2010/11/24/thirty-seconds-to-mars-hurricane-feat-kanye-west-2011-tour-dates/. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Kanye West's Flow is comedy gold on "The Cleveland Show"". Fox Flash. http://www.foxflash.com/div.php/main/page?aID=1z2z2z252z1z8&ID=4803. Retrieved March 20, 2009.
- ^ Jocelyn Vena (March 17, 2009). Kanye West Gets Animated In 'Family Guy' Spinoff MTV.com. Retrieved March 17, 2009.
- ^ Twitter / @Kanye West: L.A. Reid who's doing a great job at Def Jam. We gone Kill it again on November 22!!!!!!!!!! Even with the leaks fam.
- ^ Evan Nabavian (April 6, 2010). Kanye West Taps Q-Tip, RZA, Pete Rock For New Album Billboard.com. Retrieved April 6, 2010.
- ^ "Rumors : Hip-Hop Rumors:Old School Biggie Rumors! Kanye West and Pete Rock? Alfamega Disses T.I.!". Allhiphop.com. http://allhiphop.com/stories/rumors/archive/2010/03/09/22143721.aspx. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
- ^ "Kanye West's new album to feature Beyonce and Bon Iver collaborations?". NME. UK. August 11, 2010. http://www.nme.com/news/kanye-west/52447. Retrieved Aug. 16, 2010.
- ^ "Billboard Bits: Kanye's 'Power' Video Is 'Apocalyptic,' Gaga-Winehouse Collabo Just a Dream". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/billboard-bits-kanye-s-power-video-is-apocalyptic-1004106808.story?tag=nextart. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ Wete, Brad (September 12, 2010). "Kanye West admits he's a douchebag, debuts 'Runaway' to close VMAs". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2010/09/12/kanye-west-performs-runaway-vmas/. Retrieved September 13, 2010.
- ^ "Kanye West Reveals More Details About 'Runaway' Film". MTV. September 17, 2010. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1647861/20100915/west_kanye.jhtml.
- ^ "The grape juice showing BET's list". Thatgrapejuice.net. October 17, 2010. http://thatgrapejuice.net/2010/10/bet-names-top-10-rappers-21st-century/. Retrieved July 17, 2011.
- ^ Dombal, Ryan (October 25, 2010). "Kanye West and Jay-Z Planning Joint Album". Pitchfork Media. http://pitchfork.com/news/40504-kanye-west-and-jay-z-planning-joint-album/. Retrieved October 26, 2010.
- ^ Markman, Rob (July 4, 2011). "Jay-Z And Kanye West's Watch The Throne Ready For Pre-Order". MTV News. http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/07/04/jay-z-and-kanye-wests-watch-the-throne-ready-for-pre-order/. Retrieved July 4, 2011.
- ^ a b August 28, 2010. Kanye West & Jay-Z Said To Release Five-Song EP, "Watch The Throne".
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (August 23, 2010). "Kanye West Promises New Song Every Week Through Christmas – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1646259/20100823/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ August 27, 2010. Kanye West Drops 'Monster' Single With Jay-Z, Nicki Minaj
- ^ Kanye West Performs Rousing 'Lost In The World' At Thanksgiving Day Parade . MTV News. Retrieved on December 6, 2010.
- ^ 1.11.11 . Twitter. Retrieved on January 7, 2011.
- ^ Kanye Tears Down Coachella Stage, Fans React. MTV News. April 18, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010.
- ^ Kanye West Coachella Performance 'One Of The Greatest Ever'. Gigwise. April 19, 2010. Retrieved April 21, 2010
- ^ Meadows-Ingram, Benjamin (July 24, 2011). "'Watch The Throne': Otis Redding's Daughter Talks 'Otis' Track". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/news/watch-the-throne-otis-redding-s-daughter-1005290172.story. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
- ^ a b "Tweet 126770388121292800". Twitter. October 19, 2011. http://twitter.com/#!/kanyewest/status/126770388121292800.
- ^ "Mercy (feat. Big Sean, Pusha T, 2 Chainz) – Single". iTunes. April 6, 2012. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mercy-feat.-big-sean-pusha/id517049456.
- ^ "G.O.O.D Music – Mercy". DJBooth.net. April 6, 2012. http://www.djbooth.net/index/tracks/review/good-music-mercy/. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
- ^ Kanye West To Open Chain Of Fatburger Restaurants In Chicago BallerStatus.com.[dead link]
- ^ Kanye West To Study Fashion! The Hot Hits.com.
- ^ Kanye West – Spring/Summer 2012 ready-to-wear show – The Internet Fashion Database Retrieved and verified on October 2, 2011
- ^ Odell, Amy (August 17, 2011). "What Kanye West Got Right and Wrong With His First Paris Fashion Week Show – The Cut". Nymag.com. http://nymag.com/daily/fashion/2011/10/what_kanye_west_got_right_and.html. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ Daisy Dumas (October 5, 2011). "Kanye West's fashion show fail: Rapper's debut line slated by critics | Mail Online". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2045356/Kanye-Wests-fashion-fail-Rappers-debut-line-slated-critics.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ post a comment › (October 1, 2011). "Kanye West Spring 2012 Ready-to-Wear Collection on Style.com: Runway Review". Style.com. http://www.style.com/fashionshows/review/S2012RTW-KWEST. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ Binkley, Christina (October 1, 2011). "Kanye West Shows Debut Collection at Paris Fashion Week – Heard on the Runway – WSJ". The Wall Street Journal. http://blogs.wsj.com/runway/2011/10/01/good-thing-kanye-west-has-a-day-job/. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ Wilson, Eric (October 1, 2011). "Kanye West Show, Shrouded in Silence, Creates a Scene". Runway.blogs.nytimes.com. http://runway.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/10/01/kanye-west-show-shrouded-in-silence-creates-a-scene/. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ "Here's proof that Kanye can't cut it on the catwalk | Music". The Guardian (London). October 3, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/oct/03/kanye-west-fashion-designer-paris?newsfeed=true. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ October 5, 2011 12:00 am. "Critics go over the top as Kanye's fashion is a flop". Herald Sun. Australia. http://www.heraldsun.com.au/entertainment/confidential/critics-go-over-the-top-as-kanyes-fashion-is-a-flop/story-e6frf96x-1226158397731. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ "Kanye's Paris Fashion Week debut gets mixed reviews – The Marquee Blog – CNN.com Blogs". CNN. http://marquee.blogs.cnn.com/2011/10/03/kanyes-paris-fashion-week-debut-gets-mixed-reviews/. Retrieved October 5, 2011.
- ^ Stelter, Brian (July 28, 2008). "In 'Homecoming' MTV Focuses On Iraq Veterans". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/28/arts/television/28mtv.html?partner=rssuserland&emc=rss&pagewanted=all. Retrieved April 3, 2011.
- ^ "Black History — Biographies — Kanye West". Thomson Gale. http://www.gale.com/free_resources/bhm/bio/west_k.htm. Retrieved August 7, 2006.
- ^ "Kanye, Run-DMC, Outkast, Justin Sound Off On Our Top 10 Hip-Hop Groups". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1553911/20070305/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ a b Dukes, Rahman; Reid, Shaheem (January 19, 2009). "The Clipse Hint At Kanye West Collabo: Mixtape Monday". Rolling Stone. RealNetworks, Inc. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1602920/20090116/story.jhtml. Retrieved January 19, 2009.
- ^ Crosley, Hillary (September 15, 2007). "Graduation". Billboard. Archived from the original on October 14, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071014192400/http://billboard.com/bbcom/content_display/reviews/albums/e3ibe8ec7c980d6765c46225c438690a813. Retrieved September 15, 2007.
- ^ West, Kanye (July 1, 2009). "Dirty Projectors "Stillness is the Move"". Kanye West Blog. Kanye West/Mascotte Holdings, LLC. http://www.kanyeuniversecity.com/blog/?em3106=235958_-1__0_~-1_-1_05_2008_0_0&em3298=&em3282=&em3281=&em3161=. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
- ^ West, Kanye (August 15, 2009). "The Fray – "Heartless"". Kanye West Blog. Kanye West/Mascotte Holdings, LLC. http://www.kanyeuniversecity.com/blog/?em3106=238431_-1__0_~0_-1_8_2009_0_0&em3298=&em3282=&em3281=&em3161=. Retrieved August 15, 2009.
- ^ "Kanye West's Ex-Fiancee Alexis Phifer Talks About Breakup". MTV News. April 21, 2008. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1585980/20080421/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
- ^ Garcia, Jennifer (April 5, 2012). "Kim Kardashian, Kanye West Dating". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20584651,00.html. Retrieved April 29, 2012.
- ^ a b c d "Fire Dept. Called to Donda West's Home". TMZ.com. http://www.tmz.com/2007/11/12/911-responded-in-donda-west-case/. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Donda West's Doctor Expresses 'Condolences'". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20159928,00.html?xid=rss-fullcontentcnn. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Donda West's surgeon faced malpractice suits, records show". CNN. November 13, 2007. http://www.cnn.com/2007/US/11/13/west.surgeon/index.html#cnnSTCText. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Focus of Kanye West Mom's Death Shifts to Doctor". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20159824,00.html?xid=rss-fullcontentcnn. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "CELEBTV.COM DOCUMENT: WEST DOC’S MEDICAL LICENSE QUESTIONED". Celeb TV. http://www.celebtv.com/Headlines.aspx?NewsGuid=8b002218-ccc7-4d27-9c7d-8009628c79a4. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Amy Winehouse's Alleged Crack Video Under Investigation; Plus Pink, Paris Hilton, 'American Idol' & More, In For The Record". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1580109/20080123/winehouse_amy.jhtml. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Donda West, Kanye's Mother, Died Of Heart Attack: Coroner's Report". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1579429/20080110/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West's tearful goodbye at mother's funeral". The New Zealand Herald. November 22, 2007. http://www.nzherald.co.nz/category/story.cfm?c_id=1501135&objectid=10477686. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "VIDEO: Kanye West Dedicates Journey's "Don't Stop Believing" to His Mom". Us Weekly. Archived from the original on April 27, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080427090443/http://www.usmagazine.com/kanye_west_at_second_show_since_mothers_death_he_had_a_powerful_energy_inside_him. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ HipHopDX.com – Kanye West Speaks Candidly About Mother, Religion, Rap. HipHopDX.com. Retrieved December 2, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West: Mom Honored With New Plastic Surgery Law". The Plastic Surgery Channel. http://www.theplasticsurgerychannel.com/kanye-west-mom-honored-with-new-plastic-surgery-law/. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
- ^ "Evel Knievel Sues Kanye West". The Smoking Gun. http://www.thesmokinggun.com/archive/1212061evel1.html. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ "Evel Knievel, Kanye West settle lawsuit". USA Today (Gannett Co. Inc). November 27, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/life/music/news/2007-11-27-kanye-knievel_N.htm. Retrieved November 27, 2007.
- ^ "Kanye West arrested after skirmish at airport". CNN. September 11, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/SHOWBIZ/Music/09/11/kanye.west.arrested/index.html. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
- ^ "Kanye West, Bodyguard Arrested At LAX". Access Hollywood. September 11, 2008. http://www.accesshollywood.com/arrests/kanye-west-bodyguard-arrested-at-los-angeles-international-airport_article_11207. Retrieved March 19, 2009.
- ^ "West escapes charge over scuffle". BBC News. September 27, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/7639307.stm. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (April 14, 2009). "Kanye West's Arraignment In Paparazzi Case Delayed". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1609170/20090414/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved September 18, 2009.
- ^ "Kanye West Arrested After Alleged Tussle With Photographer, Then Cleared". November 14, 2008. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1599323/20081114/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved November 14, 2008.
- ^ Byrne, Bridget (October 4, 2005). "NBC KO's Kanye's Bush Bashing". E! News. E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/news/article/index.jsp?uuid=44415a2b-7481-45f8-91a3-630b0b5510de&entry=index. Retrieved January 12, 2008. [dead link]
- ^ Moraes, Lisa de (September 3, 2005). "Kanye West's Torrent of Criticism, Live on NBC". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/09/03/AR2005090300165.html. Retrieved May 3, 2010.
- ^ Itzkoff, Dave, "UPDATED: Kanye West Criticizes ‘Today’ Show for ‘Brutal’ Interview", The New York Times Arts Beat blog, November 10, 2010, 2:25 pm. Retrieved November 10, 2010.
- ^ "Kanye West poses as Jesus on cover of 'Rolling Stone'". Gleaner. January 26, 2006. http://www.jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20060126/ent/ent3.html. Retrieved April 27, 2008.
- ^ Simmons, Russell (November 12, 2010). "Dear Kanye West...". Huffington Post (USA). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/russell-simmons/dear-kanye-west_b_782932.html. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ Boyce Watkins (November 12, 2010). "No, Kanye Should Not Have Apologized to Bush". boycewatkins.net. http://drboycespeaks.blogspot.com/2010/11/no-kanye-should-not-have-apologized-to.html. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
- ^ "George W. Bush Cares About Kanye West's Apology". E! Online. E! Entertainment Television, Inc. November 11, 2011. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b210484_george_w_bush_cares_about_kanye_wests.html. Retrieved November 11, 2010.
- ^ "Kanye West's Bad Behavior: A Short History". People. September 14, 2009. http://www.people.com/people/package/article/0,,20302940_20304330,00.html. Retrieved June 6, 2011.
- ^ "Kanye Has His Sights on Best Album". San Francisco Chronicle. December 9, 2005. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/sfgate/detail?blogid=7&entry_id=2120. Retrieved April 26, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West Unleashes Tirade After Losing at MTV Europe Music Awards". Fox News. November 3, 2006. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,227304,00.html. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "EMAs Shocker: Kanye Stage Invasion!". MTV. Archived from the original on June 3, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070603120826/http://www.mtv.co.uk/channel/mtvuk/news/02112006/emas_shocker_kanye_stage_invasion. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ Olsen, Jan M. (November 3, 2006). "Kanye West Upset at MTV Video Award Loss". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/wires/2006Nov03/0,4670,MTVAwardsKanye,00.html. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West Jealous Of Britney Opening The VMAs". Britney Spy. Archived from the original on April 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080424051758/http://www.britneyspy.com/2007/09/09/kanye-west-jealous-of-britney-opening-the-vmas/. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ "Kanye West Loses It Again, Says He'll 'Never Return To MTV': Report". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1569313/20070910/west_kanye.jhtml. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- ^ a b "Kanye West Storms the VMAs Stage During Taylor Swift's Speech". Rolling Stone. September 13, 2009. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/kanye-west-storms-the-vmas-stage-during-taylor-swifts-speech-20090913?rand=84857. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
- ^ a b Respers, Lisa (September 14, 2009). "Anger over West's disruption at MTV awards". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/SHOWBIZ/09/14/kanye.west.reaction/index.html. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ Vozick, Simon (September 13, 2009). "Kanye West interrupts Taylor Swift's VMAs moment: What was he thinking? by Simon Vozick-Levinson". Entertainment Weekly. http://music-mix.ew.com/2009/09/13/kanye-west-taylor-swift/. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
- ^ "2009 MTV Video Music Awards – Best Female Video". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/2009/best-female-video/. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ a b Martens, Todd; Villarreal, Yvonne (September 15, 2009). "Kanye West expresses Swift regret on blog and 'The Jay Leno Show'". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/music/la-et-kanye-fallout15-2009sep15,0,4346169.story. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ "Adam Lambert, Donald Trump, Joe Jackson Slam Kanye West's VMA Stunt". MTV. September 13, 2009. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621475/.../swift__taylor.jhtml. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
- ^ Shaheem Reid and Rahman Dukes (September 15, 2009). "50 Cent Slams Kanye West For VMA Outburst". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621544/20090915/50_cent.jhtml. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ "Obama calls Kanye West a jackass". BBC News. September 16, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/8258330.stm. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Gavin, Patrick (September 15, 2009). "Obama calls Kanye 'jackass'". The Politico. http://www.politico.com/click/stories/0909/did_obama_call_kanye_a_jackass.html. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ "Audio: President Obama Calls Kanye West a 'Jackass'". People. September 15, 2009. http://www.people.com/package/article/0,,20302940_20304704,00.html. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Obama Calls Kanye West a 'Jackass'". Fox News. September 15, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/09/15/obama-calls-kanye-west-jackass/. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ "Obama Calls Kanye a 'Jackass' – The Audio". TMZ. September 15, 2009. http://www.tmz.com/2009/09/15/obama-calls-kanye-a-jackass/. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ Anderson, Kyle (September 16, 2009). "Kanye West's VMA Interruption Gives Birth To Internet Photo Meme". MTV. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2009/09/16/kanye-wests-vma-interruption-photos/. Retrieved October 3, 2009.
- ^ Booth, Jenny (September 14, 2009). "Kanye West spoils the show at MTV awards". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article6833664.ece. Retrieved September 14, 2009.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (September 15, 2009). "Taylor Swift Tells 'The View' Kanye West Hasn't Contacted Her. The country star discusses her reaction to the VMA incident.". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621550/2009915/swift__taylor.jhtml. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ "Taylor Swift visits 'The View,' accepts Kanye apology". New York Post. May 15, 2009. http://www.nypost.com/p/blogs/tvblogs/taylor_swift_visits_the_view_accepts_iW7OOuj6BQpLe1oX8TVFNM. Retrieved September 15, 2009.
- ^ "Kanye calls Taylor Swift after ‘View’ appearance". The Associated Press/MSNBC. September 15, 2009. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/32861800/ns/entertainment-music/. Retrieved September 16, 2009.
- ^ Devon Thomas (September 7, 2010). "Kanye West Writes Song In Honor of Taylor Swift". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-31749_162-20015747-10391698.html. Retrieved September 7, 2010.
- ^ "VIDEO: Kanye West Backtracks On Taylor Swift Apology". http://www.radaronline.com/exclusives/2010/11/video-kanye-west-backtracks-taylor-swift-apology.
- ^ "Kanye West Backtracks On Taylor Swift Apology". http://dimewars.com/Blog/ViewBlogArticle.aspx?vn=Kanye+West+Backtracks+On+Taylor+Swift+Apology&BlogID=487b238f-9fac-4228-b9ba-7c29bdfe8528.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Kanye West |
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Kanye West |
- Official website
- Kanye West at Allmusic
- Kanye West at Beatbuggy
- Kanye West at the Internet Movie Database
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | West, Kanye Omari |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Rapper, record producer |
| Date of birth | June 8, 1977 |
| Place of birth | Atlanta, Georgia |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Kanye_West
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Kanye West
http://ru.wn.com/Уэст, Канье
http://es.wn.com/Kanye West
http://fr.wn.com/Kanye West
http://de.wn.com/Kanye West
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Pusha T | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Terrence Thornton |
| Also known as | Terrar |
| Born | (1977-05-14) May 14, 1977 (age 35) The Bronx, New York, United States |
| Origin | Virginia Beach, Virginia, United States |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper, songwriter |
| Labels | GOOD, Re-Up, Decon, Def Jam |
| Associated acts | Clipse, Re-Up Gang, Kanye West, Pharell Williams, Jadakiss, N.E.R.D., The Neptunes, XV, Big Sean, 2 Chainz |
Terrence Thornton (born May 14, 1977)[1] better known by his stage name Pusha T is an American recording artist, occasional actor and one half of the critically acclaimed hip hop duo Clipse. Along with No Malice, his brother and fellow member of Clipse, he released the album Hell Hath No Fury, which was praised by critics, many of whom consider it to be a cornerstone in Hip-Hop and one of the best rap albums ever made. He is also the co-founder and co-chief executive officer (CEO) of Re-Up Records along with his aforementioned brother. In September 2010 he announced his signing to Kanye West's GOOD Music label and on March 21, 2011, released his first solo project, a mixtape titled Fear of God.[2][3]
Contents |
Biography[link]
1977-2009: Early life and career beginnings[link]
Main article: Clipse
Pusha T was born Terrence Thornton on May 13, 1977, in The Bronx borough of New York City. Thornton and his family soon relocated to Virginia Beach, Virginia, where he and his brother, Gene 'No Malice' Thornton, grew up. In 1992 Terrence and his brother Gene formed the duo now internationally known as Clipse. With help from Pharell Williams the group eventually signed to Elektra Records in 1997 and released Exclusive Audio Footage, their only album under that label. Of the two brothers, Terrence was more open to features, appearing on Kelis' 1999 single "Good Stuff" and Nivea's 2001 single "Run Away (I Wanna Be with U)", respectively. In 2004, he and his brother launched their record label, Re-Up Records and formed hip hop group Re-Up Gang along with rappers Ab-Liva and Sandman. After four albums as the Clipse, under various record labels both Malice and Pusha T announced that they were taking time off from the duo to focus on their own respective solo projects.[4]
[edit] 2010-2011: Solo career, GOOD Music and Fear of God
Following his signing to GOOD Music in September 2010, Thornton was featured on a number of fellow label mates' projects such as Kanye West's My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy appearing on his hit "Runaway" and premiering the song with him at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010. He was also featured on many G.O.O.D. Friday tracks along with appearing on Swizz Beatz's "Bang Bang" for his Monster Mondays series, Lloyd Banks' H.F.M. 2 (Hunger for More 2) and tabi Bonney's Fresh respectively. On the week of December 16, 2010, Thornton signed exclusively with NUE Agency.[5]
On February 11th, 2011 Funkmaster Flex debuted Thornton's first solo offering on New York City's Hot 97.[6] The track, titled "My God", was produced by Hit-Boy and was generally well received by the public. Soon after, the song leaked onto the internet but was not officially released through iTunes and Amazon until August 24th, 2011.[7] On March 21, 2011 Thornton released his first solo project, a mixtape titled Fear of God to critical acclaim. Soon after he began working on his EP Fear of God II: Let Us Pray, which initially included four songs from the mixtape and five original ones. The EP was originally set to released on June 21st, 2011,[8] it was than pushed back to August 23rd, and for a while September 27th, 2011 was believed to be the date, however on October 6th, 2011 Thornton announced the EP is set to drop November 8th. In addition it was revealed he added four more songs to the EP making it twelve tracks rather than just the nine tracks that were previously announced.[9] On July 8th, 2011, the first single off Fear of God II: Let Us Pray leaked onto the internet. The song, titled "Trouble on My Mind" features Odd Future frontman, Tyler, The Creator. The second single, "Amen" was released September 13th, 2011. The song, originally meant for Young Jeezy, was produced by Shawty Redd and features verses from Kanye West and Young Jeezy respectively. After the EP's release on November 8th, the project debuted at number sixty-six on the Billboard 200 with 8,900 copies sold in its first week released.[10][11] It also entered at number ten on Billboard's R&B/Hip-Hop Albums, at number eight on Billboard's Top Rap Albums, and at number twenty-five on its Digital Albums chart. [12][13] In 2011 Thornton appeared on the second season of the HBO series How to Make It in America.[14] He played the role of a henchman for Urban Caribbean League.
He is currently working on his solo debut album, yet to be titled, which is being executive produced by Kanye West and includes production from The Neptunes, Bangladesh, Ryan Leslie and Alex da Kid.[15][16][17] Thornton has stated that after his solo album and the Re-Up Gang mixtape, Long Live the Cane, he and his brother Malice will release another album as the Clipse.[18][19] On August 31st, 2011 it was announced Thornton signed a solo record deal with Def Jam.[20] English pop singer Pixie Lott released "What Do You Take Me For?", the second single off her second studio album Young Foolish Happy which featured Pusha T.[21] The song was a hit single in the U.K., peaking at number ten on the charts.
2012-present: GOOD Music Compilation and Solo Album[link]
On October 19, 2011, Kanye West announced on his Twitter plans for a Spring 2012 GOOD Music album release.[22] On April 6, 2012, "Mercy", the lead single from the GOOD Music compilation album, Cruel Summer, was released.[23] The song, produced by newly-signed in-house producer Lifted, features Pusha T along with Kanye West, Big Sean and southern rapper 2 Chainz.[24] On May 24, Pusha released a diss track, "Exodus 23:1". It is speculated that the track was aimed at Drake, or Young Money in general. Lil Wayne responded with a diss track "Ghoulish", which debuted on Funkmaster Flex's show.
Controversy[link]
Consequence[link]
After releasing "My God", the first offering off his solo mixtape, former GOOD Music label mate Consequence took to Twitter and claimed Pusha T stole his flow and lyrics from a song of his that Pusha T was supposed to appear on titled "The Last Supper".[25][26] On July 22, 2011 Consequence released a song titled "The Plagurist Society" where he takes shots and questions Pusha T’s coke-dealing raps. Towards the end of the record the Queens native promises to take aim at Kanye West next saying "You're nothing but a body shield, for that coward from the mid-west/ so yes you can bet, that your boss is next". Pusha T responded to the diss when he appeared on Chicago’s 107.5 WGCI’s The Morning Riot and said nobody is looking for Consequence, as for if he will respond on a record he went on to say "At the end of the day I am an artist and this whole rap thing is fun to me, so I can't say you won't hear nothing, but to go back and forth with him, it's not right, I won't get anything out of it."[27] Later that day, Consequence called in to Chicago’s WGCI’s The Morning Riot in retaliation to the remarks Pusha T made about him. He also premiered a song titled "Everybody Told Me 2 (Straighten It Out)" where he disses West, Pusha T and GOOD Music in general.[28][29] Since then Pusha T has responded to Consequence on a record. The song was the remix to Ace Hood's "Go 'N' Get It" which also featured Beanie Sigel, Busta Rhymes and Styles P. In the song Pusha raps "Consequence, nigga, talk is cheap You don't want a problem? Off the beef Before I off his ass with his awful teeth". On August 19, Consequence released Movies on Demand 3 and continued to diss his former label and Pusha T on songs such as "Career Killer" and "Mr.RapFix (Hot Water)". On September 15, 2011 Consequence appeared on MTV's Rap Fix and announced his feud with Kanye West and GOOD Music are over.[30] While out in Chicago in October 2011, Pusha T appeared on WGCI radio for a second time, and confirmed that the "beef" was indeed over, that it had died out and they have moved on.[31]
Drake & Lil Wayne[link]
Pusha T released a track titled "Exodus 23:1" as part of GOOD Music's GOOD Fridays dissing Drake and Lil' Wayne. Lil' Wayne responded on Twitter and later recorded a diss "Goulish".
Discography[link]
Main article: Pusha T discography
See also: Clipse discography
- Albums
- TBA (2012)
- Extended plays
- Fear of God II: Let Us Pray (2011)
References[link]
- ^ http://www.clubzone.com/events/193846/washington-dc/lux-lounge/pusha-t-birthday-event
- ^ http://www.rapbasement.com/clipse/091310-pusha-t-of-the-rapping-group-the-clipse-confirms-signing-with-kanye-wests-good-music.html
- ^ http://rapradar.com/2011/03/21/new-mixtape-pusha-t-fear-of-god/
- ^ http://www.theboombox.com/2010/05/05/the-clipse-planning-solo-albums-for-2010/
- ^ http://encore.celebrityaccess.com/?encoreId=281&articleId=37618
- ^ Pusha T – My God (Prod. by Hit-Boy) (No Tags) Nah Right
- ^ http://www.amazon.com/My-God-Explicit/dp/B005GYD480/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&s=dmusic&qid=1317152409&sr=1-4]. Amazon.com. Retrieved September 30, 2011.
- ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1662245/pusha-t-fear-of-god-2-june.jhtml
- ^ "Pusha T Announces November Release For Solo Debut, 'Fear of God II'". Ballerstatus. 2011-10-06. http://www.ballerstatus.com/2011/10/06/pusha-t-announces-november-release-for-solo-debut-fear-of-god-ii/. Retrieved 2011-10-07.
- ^ http://www.hiphopdx.com/index/news/id.17630/title.hip-hop-album-sales-the-week-ending-11-13-2011
- ^ http://www.billboard.com/#/charts/billboard-200?begin=61&order=position
- ^ R&B/Hip-Hop Albums – Week of November 26, 2011. Billboard. Retrieved on 2011-11-19.
- ^ Rap Albums – Week of November 26, 2011. Billboard. Retrieved on 2011-11-19.
- ^ Pusha T Lands New Role On HBO's 'How To Make It In America' "The Boom Box". May 27th, 2011.
- ^ http://www.vibe.com/posts/bangladesh-talks-producing-pusha-ts-solo-album-future-good-collaborations
- ^ http://www.sohh.com/2011/01/i_really_feel_like_pusha_t_is_the_most_u.html
- ^ http://pusha-t.com/2011/03/06/studio-with-ryan-leslie/
- ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1662245/pusha-t-fear-of-god-2-june.jhtml
- ^ http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1662245/pusha-t-fear-of-god-2-june.jhtml
- ^ http://rapdose.com/2011/08/31/pusha-t-signs-solo-deal-with-def-jam
- ^ Pixie Lott confirms new single 'What Do You Take Me For' Digital Spy
- ^ "Tweet 126770388121292800". Twitter. October 19, 2011. http://twitter.com/#!/kanyewest/status/126770388121292800.
- ^ "Mercy (feat. Big Sean, Pusha T, 2 Chainz) - Single". iTunes. April 6, 2012. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/mercy-feat.-big-sean-pusha/id517049456.
- ^ "G.O.O.D Music - Mercy". DJBooth.net. April 6, 2012. http://www.djbooth.net/index/tracks/review/good-music-mercy/. Retrieved April 9, 2012.
- ^ Consequence Claims Pusha T Stole Lines on "My God" Complex.com
- ^ 'MY GOD': CONSEQUENCE FIRES BACK Youtube.com
- ^ Pusha T Responds To Consequence 2dopeboyz.com
- ^ Consequence Responds To Pusha T, Drops G.O.O.D. Music Diss 2dopeboyz.com
- ^ Consequence – Everybody Told Me 2 (Pusha T, Kanye West, G.O.O.D. Music Diss) 2dopeboyz.com
- ^ Consequence Says "Feud Is Over With Kanye West," Continues Feud With Q-Tip HipHopDX.com
- ^ DJ MoonDawg & Pusha T talk Drake, BET Cypher, 2012 Good Music Album on 107.5 WGCI YouTube.com
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Terrence Thornton |
| Alternative names | Pusha T, Terrar |
| Short description | Rapper |
| Date of birth | May 14, 1977 |
| Place of birth | The Bronx, New York City, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Pusha_T
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Pusha T
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pusha_T
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
2:20
God Bless America - Official Trailer [HD]
trailers
God Bless America - Official Trailer [HD]
Subscribe ow.ly | Facebook ow.ly | Twitter ow.ly Release Date: 6 April 2012 Genre: Comedy Cast: Joel Murray, Tara Lynne Barr, Mackenzie Brooke Smith Directors: Bobcat Goldthwait Writer: Bobcat Goldthwait Studio: Magnolia Pictures Plot: Loveless, jobless, possibly terminally ill, Frank has had enough of the downward spiral of America. With nothing left to lose, Frank takes his gun and offs the stupidest, cruelest, and most repellent members of society. He finds an unusual accomplice: 16-year-old Roxy, who shares his sense of rage and disenfranchisement.
9:06
Einstein on God
thruthem
Einstein on God
Often misquoted, Einstein strove for clarity in regard to his personal beliefs. Some early photographs, thoughts written down by his own hand and the writings of his biographers comprise this well-referenced excerpt from the Christopher Hitchens book The Portable Atheist. I hope this will shed some light on this controversial topic. Read by Nicholas Ball. Another good one: "The word God is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish." -Albert Einstein Keywords: Bible anthropomorphic god hebrew religion mystical mysticism faith truth reality childish delusion biography dr doctor albert einstein physics universe existence baruch spinoza philosophy philosopher agnisticism atheism atheist agnostic priest jesuit jewish german intellectual evolution darwinism creationism science energy time e=mc2
Show more
Add to playlist
Clear
){kind=link}
