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Alabama
Alabama () is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States of America. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland waterways. The state ranks 23rd in population with almost 4.6 million residents in 2006.
http://wn.com/Alabama -
Alaska
Alaska () is the largest state of the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Approximately half of Alaska's 698,473 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of 2009, Alaska remains the least densely populated state of the U.S.
http://wn.com/Alaska -
Annapolis, Maryland
Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It has a population of 36,524 (July 2008 est.), and is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, south of Baltimore and about east of Washington, D.C. Annapolis is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The city was the temporary capital of the United States in 1783–1784 and the site of the Annapolis Peace Conference, held in November 2007, at the United States Naval Academy. St. John's College is also in Annapolis.
http://wn.com/Annapolis_Maryland -
Atlanta
Atlanta (, ) is the capital and most populous city in the U.S. state of Georgia. Atlanta had an estimated population of about 540,900 people. Its metropolitan area is the ninth largest in the country, inhabited by more than 5.4 million people. The Atlanta Combined Statistical Area has a population approaching six million, making it the most populous metropolis in the Southeastern United States. Like many areas in the Sun Belt, the Atlanta region has seen explosive growth since about 1976, and it added about 1.1 million residents between 2000 and 2008.
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Baltimore
Baltimore () is the largest independent city in the United States and the largest city and cultural center of the U.S. state of Maryland. The city is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City in order to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County. Founded in 1729, Baltimore is a major U.S. seaport and is situated closer to major Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. The harbor is now home to Harborplace, a shopping, entertainment, and tourist center, and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital are now the city's largest employers.
http://wn.com/Baltimore -
Cleveland
Cleveland () is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and is the county seat of Cuyahoga County, the most populous county in the state. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio on the southern shore of Lake Erie, approximately 60 miles (100 km) west of the Pennsylvania border. It was founded in 1796 near the mouth of the Cuyahoga River, and became a manufacturing center owing to its location at the head of numerous canals and railroad lines. With the decline of heavy manufacturing, Cleveland's businesses have diversified into the service economy, including the financial services, insurance, legal, and healthcare sectors, though the city's population has continued to decline. Cleveland is also home to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Cleveland -
Colorado
Colorado (pronounced or, chiefly by outsiders, ) is a U.S. state that encompasses most of the Southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains. Colorado is part of the Western United States, the Mountain States, and the Southwestern United States.
http://wn.com/Colorado -
Cumberland, Maryland
Cumberland is a city in the far western portion of Maryland, United States. It is the county seat of Allegany County, and the primary city of the Cumberland, MD-WV Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 21,591. Cumberland is a regional business and commercial center for Western Maryland and the Potomac Highlands of West Virginia.
http://wn.com/Cumberland_Maryland -
Dallas
Dallas () is the third-largest city in Texas and the ninth-largest in the United States. As of 2009, the population of Dallas was at 1.3 million according to the US Census Bureau. The city is the largest economic center of the 12-county metropolitan area that according to the March 2010 U.S. Census Bureau release, had a population of roughly 6.5 million as of July 2009. The metropolitan area is the fourth-largest metropolitan area in the United States.
http://wn.com/Dallas -
Denver
The City and County of Denver (pronounced ) is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Colorado. Denver is a consolidated city-county, located in the South Platte River Valley on the High Plains, just east of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. The Denver downtown district is located immediately east of the confluence of Cherry Creek with the South Platte River, approximately east of the foothills of the Rocky Mountains. Denver is nicknamed the "Mile-High City" because its elevation is one mile, or above sea level. The 105th meridian west of Greenwich passes through Union Station and is the temporal reference for the Mountain Time Zone.
http://wn.com/Denver -
El Paso, Texas
El Paso () is a city in and the county seat of El Paso County, Texas, United States, and lies in West Texas. According to the United States Census Bureau's 2009 population estimates, the city had a population of 620,447 (July 2009). It is the sixth-largest city in Texas and the 22nd-largest city in the United States. Its metropolitan area covers all of El Paso County. In 2009, the El Paso metropolitan area had a population of 751,296. El Paso's metropolitan population for 2010, is estimated at 763,186 according to the US Census.
http://wn.com/El_Paso_Texas -
Elyria, Ohio
Elyria is a city in the U.S. state of Ohio and the county seat of Lorain County. The municipality is located in northeastern Ohio at the forks of the Black River. As of the 2000 census, the city had a population of 55,953. The city is named for its founder, Heman Ely [http://www.loraincounty.us/]. The city is home to Lorain County Community College.
http://wn.com/Elyria_Ohio -
Forest Highway
Forest Highways or Forest Routes are a category of roads within United States National Forests. They are built to connect the national forests to the existing state highway systems, and to provide improved access to recreational and logging areas.
http://wn.com/Forest_Highway -
Gary, Indiana
Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States. The city is in the southeastern portion of the Chicago metropolitan area and is 25 miles from downtown Chicago. The population was 102,746 at the 2000 census, making it the fifth-largest city in the state. Gary was once the second-largest city in Indiana, behind Indianapolis, a position now held by Fort Wayne. It borders Lake Michigan and is best known for its large steel mills.
http://wn.com/Gary_Indiana -
Glenwood Canyon
Glenwood Canyon is a rugged scenic canyon on the Colorado River in western Colorado in the United States. Its canyon walls climb as high as above the Colorado River. It is the largest such canyon on the Upper Colorado. The canyon, which has historically provided the routes of railroads and highways through western Colorado, currently furnishes the routes of Interstate 70 and the California Zephyr between Denver and Grand Junction. The canyon stretches from near Dotsero, where the Colorado receives the Eagle River, downstream to the WSW to just east of Glenwood Springs, on the mouth of the Roaring Fork. Most of the canyon is in Garfield County, with the upper portion near Dotsero lying in Eagle County.
http://wn.com/Glenwood_Canyon -
Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
http://wn.com/Hawaii -
Honolulu
Honolulu () is the capital of and the most populous census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Although Honolulu refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and the county are consolidated, known as the City and County of Honolulu, and the city and county is designated as the entire island. The City and County of Honolulu is the only incorporated city in Hawaii, as all other local government entities are administered at the county level. The population of the CDP was 371,657 at the 2000 census, while the population of the City and County was 909,863, making it the 57th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Honolulu is also the most populous state capital relative to state population. In the Hawaiian language, Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter".
http://wn.com/Honolulu -
Houston
http://wn.com/Houston -
Irwin, Pennsylvania
Irwin is a borough in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, southeast of Pittsburgh. Some of the most extensive bituminous coal deposits in the State are located here. In the past, iron foundries, flour mills, car shops, facing and planing mills, electrical goods, and mirror factories provided employment to the residents. In 1900, the population numbered 2,452; it increased to 2,886 in 1910. The population was 4,366 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Irwin_Pennsylvania -
Louisiana
http://wn.com/Louisiana -
Maryland
Maryland () is an American state located in the Mid Atlantic region of the United States, bordering Virginia, West Virginia and the District of Columbia to its south and west; Pennsylvania to its north; and Delaware to its east. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Maryland has the highest median household income of any state, with a median income of $70,545. Maryland was the seventh state to ratify the United States Constitution, and three nicknames for it, the Old Line State, the Free State, and the Chesapeake Bay State are occasionally used.
http://wn.com/Maryland -
Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
http://wn.com/Mexico -
Minneapolis
Minneapolis (), nicknamed "City of Lakes" and the "Mill City," is the county seat of Hennepin County, the largest city in the U.S. state of Minnesota, and the 48th largest in the United States. Its name is attributed to the city's first schoolteacher, who combined mni, the Dakota word for water, and polis, the Greek word for city.
http://wn.com/Minneapolis -
Mississippi
Mississippi () is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, which namesake is from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"). The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, and its catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States. The state symbol is the magnolia grandiflora tree.
http://wn.com/Mississippi -
New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
http://wn.com/New_Jersey -
New Mexico
New Mexico() is a state located in the southwest and western regions of the United States. New Mexico is also part of the Mountain States. With a population density of 16 per square mile, New Mexico is the sixth- most sparsely inhabited U.S. state.
http://wn.com/New_Mexico -
Nogales, Arizona
Nogales is a city in Santa Cruz County, Arizona, United States. The population was 20,878 at the 2000 census. According to 2005 Census Bureau estimates, the population of the city is 20,833. The city is the county seat of Santa Cruz County.
http://wn.com/Nogales_Arizona -
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. North Carolina is now ranked as one of the top 3 leading States for Green Technology, Bio-Chemical Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Computer Engineering through the long-range research and development programs of Research Triangle Park (RTP), UNC Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State .
http://wn.com/North_Carolina -
Orange, Texas
Orange is a city in Orange County, Texas, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 18,643. It is the county seat of Orange County, and is the southeasternmost city in Texas. Located on the Sabine River at the border with Louisiana, it is part of the Beaumont–Port Arthur Metropolitan Statistical Area. Founded in 1836, it is a deep-water port (to the Gulf of Mexico).
http://wn.com/Orange_Texas -
Philadelphia
Philadelphia () is the largest city in Pennsylvania, sixth-most-populous city in the United States and the fifty-first most populous city in the world.
http://wn.com/Philadelphia -
Phoenix, Arizona
Phoenix ( , O'odham Skikik, Yavapai Wasinka, Western Apache Fiinigis, Navajo Hoozdoh, Mojave ''Hachpa 'Anya Nyava) is the capital and largest city of the U.S. state of Arizona, as well as the fifth most populated city in the United States. Phoenix is home to 1,601,587 people according to the 2009 estimate by the U.S. Census Bureau, and is the anchor of the Phoenix metropolitan area (also known as the Valley of the Sun''), the 12th largest metro area by population in the United States with more than 4.3 million people. In addition, Phoenix is the county seat of Maricopa County, and is one of the largest cities in the United States by land area.
http://wn.com/Phoenix_Arizona -
Promontory Summit
http://wn.com/Promontory_Summit -
Puerto Rico
http://wn.com/Puerto_Rico -
Salt Lake City
Salt Lake City is the capital and the most populous city of the U.S. state of Utah. The name of the city is often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC. With an estimated population of 183,171, the city lies in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, which has a total estimated population of 1,130,293. Salt Lake City is further situated in a larger urban area known as the Wasatch Front, which has an estimated population of 2,298,915.
http://wn.com/Salt_Lake_City -
San Diego
http://wn.com/San_Diego -
Savannah, Georgia
Savannah is the largest city and county seat of Chatham County, in the U.S. state of Georgia. The city of Savannah was established in 1733 and was the colonial capital of the Province of Georgia and later the first state capital of Georgia. Today Savannah is an industrial center and an important Atlantic seaport.
http://wn.com/Savannah_Georgia -
Seattle
http://wn.com/Seattle -
Seeley, California
Seeley is a census-designated place (CDP) in Imperial County, California. Seeley is located west of El Centro, The population was 1,624 at the 2000 census. It is part of the El Centro Metropolitan Area.
http://wn.com/Seeley_California -
Tampa, Florida
Tampa () is a Gulf Coast Bay city in the U.S. state of Florida. It serves as the county seat for Hillsborough County. Tampa is located on the west coast of Florida. The population of Tampa in 2000 was 303,447. According to the 2009 estimates, the city's population had grown to 343,890, making it the 54th largest city in the United States.
http://wn.com/Tampa_Florida -
Tennessee
Tennessee () is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,214,888, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 626,144. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 670,902. Nashville has the state's largest metropolitan area, at 1,521,437 people.
http://wn.com/Tennessee -
Texas state highways
Texas state highways are a network of highways owned and maintained by the U.S. state of Texas. The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) is the state agency responsible for the day-to-day operations and maintenance of the system. In addition to the nationally-numbered Interstate highways and U.S. highways, the highway system consists of a main network of state highways, loops and spurs that provide local access to the Interstate Highways, U.S. Highways, and state highways. The system also includes a large network of farm to market roads that connect rural areas of the state with urban areas and the rest of the state highway system. The state also owns and maintains some park and recreational roads that are located near and within state and national parks as well as recreational areas. All state highways, regardless of classification, are paved roads.
http://wn.com/Texas_state_highways -
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia () is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" because it is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents. The geography and climate of the state are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The state population is nearly eight million.
http://wn.com/Virginia -
Wallace, Idaho
Wallace is a historic city in the Panhandle region of the U.S. state of Idaho and the county seat of Shoshone County in the Silver Valley mining district. Wallace sits alongside the South Fork of the Coeur d'Alene River (and Interstate 90) and the town's population was 960 at the 2000 census.
http://wn.com/Wallace_Idaho -
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C. (), formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States, founded on July 16, 1790. Article One of the United States Constitution provides for a federal district, distinct from the states, to serve as the permanent national capital. The City of Washington was originally a separate municipality within the federal territory until an act of Congress in 1871 established a single, unified municipal government for the whole District. It is for this reason that the city, while legally named the District of Columbia, is known as Washington, D.C. The city shares its name with the U.S. state of Washington, which is located on the country's Pacific coast.
http://wn.com/Washington_DC -
Wytheville, Virginia
Wytheville is a town in Wythe County, Virginia, United States. The population was 7,804 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Wythe County. The town is home to a Chautauqua Festival, held the third weekend in June every year since 1985. The Festival features live concerts, stage magic, arts and crafts, hot air ballooning, dance, children's activities and diverse carnival-style food. The Festival is held at Elizabeth Brown Memorial Park and is cosponsored by the county, town and the Wythe Arts Council . The town's name is pronounced "WITH-vill".
http://wn.com/Wytheville_Virginia -
Yonkers, New York
Yonkers is the fourth most populous city in the state of New York (behind New York City, Buffalo and Rochester), and the most populous city in Westchester County, with a population of 196,086 (according to the 2000 census), and an estimated 2008 population of 201,588. Yonkers borders the New York City borough of The Bronx and is 2 miles (3 km) north of Manhattan at the cities' two respective closest points.
http://wn.com/Yonkers_New_York
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Charles Erwin Wilson
http://wn.com/Charles_Erwin_Wilson -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
http://wn.com/Dwight_D_Eisenhower -
Expressways of China
The '''Expressway Network of the People's Republic of China () is one of the longest in the world. The network is also known as National Trunk Highway System (NTHS'''). The total length of China's expressways is 65,065 km at the end of 2009, the world's second longest only after the United States and roughly equals that in Canada, Germany, and France combined. In 2009, 4,719 km of expressways were added to the network.
http://wn.com/Expressways_of_China -
Ida Elizabeth Stover
http://wn.com/Ida_Elizabeth_Stover -
John Eisenhower
John Sheldon Doud Eisenhower (born August 3, 1922) is the son of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his wife Mamie. He is a retired United States Army officer and the author of several books of military history. He served as the U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from 1969 to 1971.
http://wn.com/John_Eisenhower -
Korean War
http://wn.com/Korean_War -
Mamie Eisenhower
http://wn.com/Mamie_Eisenhower
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Interstate Highways in the 1950's - American Roads & Transport Documentary
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:32
- Published: 06 Nov 2011
- Updated: 07 Jun 2012
The film "highway Hearing" was produced by Dow Chemicals, with assistance from the US Bureau of Roads and the Automotive Safety Foundation, to garner support for the 1956 Federal Aid-Highway Act, the law that enabled the Interstate Highway system of America. Film synopsis: After a small town learns that it is to be bypassed by a new freeway, highway officials and politicians help to convince residents that the freeway is actually in their interest. The film ends as it began, at the ribbon-cutting ceremony for the new stretch of highway.
http://wn.com/Interstate_Highways_in_the_1950's_American_Roads_Transport_Documentary
50s The Interstate Highway System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:48
- Published: 20 Feb 2012
- Updated: 20 Feb 2012
1954 New Interstate Highways: Futurama Now!!! 1 of 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:30
- Published: 04 Jul 2008
- Updated: 03 Jun 2012
romanoarchives.altervista.org Give Yourself the Green Light! (1954) Sponsor GM Producer: Handy (Jam) Organization Advocacy film produced to garner public support for the creation of the Interstate Highway System. Many interesting epoca cars, traffic and roads shots. Part 1 of 3 Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. "SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!" V. Romano A top quality version of this complete film is available. Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.
http://wn.com/1954_New_Interstate_Highways_Futurama_Now!!!_1_of_3
The US Interstate Highway System
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:21
- Published: 07 Mar 2010
- Updated: 13 Aug 2010
An American Interstate System for the Solar Age
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Published: 26 Oct 2009
- Updated: 15 Mar 2012
Vacant land along the 46000 miles of Americas interstate highway system could be renewed through the growing of quick-cycling biomass crops and the installation of wind turbines and solar photovoltaics. This represents an entirely new economy: Interstate Energy Farming. A redeveloped interstate corridor would be the backbone of adaptive reuse on a national level.
http://wn.com/An_American_Interstate_System_for_the_Solar_Age
Interstate Highways: the Veins of America
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:54
- Published: 16 May 2011
- Updated: 15 Jun 2012
A documentary short film by Matt James. About the interstate highway system and its history.
http://wn.com/Interstate_Highways_the_Veins_of_America
American Highway System Construction in 1954 - "Give Yourself the Green Light"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:12
- Published: 25 Jan 2012
- Updated: 05 Jun 2012
Documentary about the 1950's Interstate Highway System across America.
http://wn.com/American_Highway_System_Construction_in_1954_Give_Yourself_the_Green_Light
1954 New Interstate Highways: Futurama Now!!! 2 of 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:10
- Published: 04 Jul 2008
- Updated: 03 Jun 2012
romanoarchives.altervista.org Give Yourself the Green Light! (1954) Sponsor GM Producer: Handy (Jam) Organization Advocacy film produced to garner public support for the creation of the Interstate Highway System. Many interesting epoca cars, traffic and roads shots. Part 2 of 3 Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. "SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!" V. Romano A top quality version of this complete film is available. Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.
http://wn.com/1954_New_Interstate_Highways_Futurama_Now!!!_2_of_3
Interstate Highway 4 Eastbound - Polk County, FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:17
- Published: 14 Apr 2010
- Updated: 19 Jan 2012
Interstate Highway 4 Eastbound in Polk County, FL from Haines City to the junction with The Daniel Webster Western Beltway ( FL429(Toll) ) in Orange County near Orlando and onto FL429.
http://wn.com/Interstate_Highway_4_Eastbound_Polk_County,_FL
1954 New Interstate Highways: Futurama Now!!! 3 of 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:23
- Published: 04 Jul 2008
- Updated: 03 Jun 2012
romanoarchives.altervista.org Give Yourself the Green Light! (1954) Sponsor GM Producer: Handy (Jam) Organization Advocacy film produced to garner public support for the creation of the Interstate Highway System. Many interesting epoca cars, traffic and roads shots. (Ending titles are lost.) Part 3 of 3 Editing by ROMANO-ARCHIVES. "SUBSCRIBING to this Channel is a MUST for researchers and RARE HISTORICAL FOOTAGE fans!!!" V. Romano A top quality version of this complete film is available. Hi-Res videos from our Collections are available on DVD, CD or directly in your inbox. Clips and movies can also be downloaded from our servers using a PW or uploaded by us to your FTP.
http://wn.com/1954_New_Interstate_Highways_Futurama_Now!!!_3_of_3
Give Yourself the Green Light - 1954 American Highway System Construction
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 22:12
- Published: 13 Aug 2011
- Updated: 14 Jun 2012
Educational film sponsored by General Motors advocating the need for the creation of the Interstate Highway System across America.
http://wn.com/Give_Yourself_the_Green_Light_1954_American_Highway_System_Construction
TSA Checkpoints Now On Interstate Highways!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:44
- Published: 20 Oct 2011
- Updated: 17 Apr 2012
Tennessee Becomes First State To Violate Our Fourth Amendment Rights Statewide! PORTLAND, Tenn. -- You're probably use to seeing TSA's signature blue uniforms at the airport, but now agents are hitting the interstates to fight terrorism with Visible Intermodal Prevention and Response (VIPR). "Where is a terrorist more apt to be found? Not these days on an airplane more likely on the interstate," said Tennessee Department of Safety & Homeland Security Commissioner Bill Gibbons. Tuesday Tennessee was first to deploy VIPR simultaneously at five weigh stations and two bus stations across the state. Agents are recruiting truck drivers, like Rudy Gonzales, into the First Observer Highway Security Program to say something if they see something. "Not only truck drivers, but cars, everybody should be aware of what's going on, on the road," said Gonzales. It's all meant to urge every driver to call authorities if they see something suspicious. "Somebody sees something somewhere and we want them to be responsible citizens, report that and let us work it through our processes to abet the concern that they had when they saw something suspicious," said Paul Armes, TSA Federal Security Director for Nashville International Airport. The Tennessee Highway Patrol checked trucks with drug and bomb sniffing dogs during random inspections. "The bottom line is this: if you see something suspicious say something about it," Gibbons said Tuesday... Full Article: www.newschannel5.com
http://wn.com/TSA_Checkpoints_Now_On_Interstate_Highways!
Interstate Highways in Hawaii?/ Haiti Relief/ Mr. Kinny
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 16 Jan 2010
- Updated: 18 Dec 2011
Why are there Interstate Highways in Hawaii? WEIRD. Haiti needs YOUR HELP! For those of you who don't know, Haiti experienced a terrible earthquake and needs OUR HELP to give them aid and supplies. Winter Park High School collaborated and idea of hosting a telethon during our A and B Lunch's where students can donate money or supplies for Haiti while watching our special talents and enertainment on "Wildcat News". It's going to be the WHOLE SHIBANG MAN. If anyone is interested in participating talent wise(or if you have any ideas), please contact me on my e-mail: lifemusicnicole@yahoo.com OR facebook: www.facebook.com Again, I have a warm, loving home and food to eat everyday. I'm not struggling in anyway. PLEASE let's try to help EVERYONE one step at a time. THEY need US. WE need THEM.
http://wn.com/Interstate_Highways_in_Hawaii?_Haiti_Relief_Mr_Kinny
Highway 2.0: An American Interstate for the Solar Age (Part 1: Biomass)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Published: 25 Feb 2009
- Updated: 07 Apr 2012
Vacant land along Americas interstate highway system is renewed through the growing of quick-cycling biomass crops and the installation of wind turbines and solar photovoltaics. This represents an entirely new economy: Interstate Energy Farming. A redeveloped interstate corridor would be the backbone of an adaptive landscape reuse strategy on a national level. Visit us at www.wholesystemsdesign.com to learn more.
http://wn.com/Highway_20_An_American_Interstate_for_the_Solar_Age_Part_1_Biomass
Stupid truck driving backwards on the Interstate highway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:56
- Published: 22 Nov 2011
- Updated: 04 May 2012
911: A white truck was seen driving in the wrong direction on the highway. We called 911 to report the truck and the ghost that was driving it, but the 911 operator told us that they couldn't really do anything about the insane truck driver. Instead, they ordered a pizza for us! Thanks 911, appreciate it!
http://wn.com/Stupid_truck_driving_backwards_on_the_Interstate_highway
mack_truck_bw_1b.mp4
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:25
- Published: 05 Apr 2011
- Updated: 25 Feb 2012
Edward L. Bernays describes his work with Mack Truck and the debut of the Interstate Highway System
http://wn.com/mack_truck_bw_1bmp4
Maglev Interstate highway
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:14
- Published: 13 Jul 2011
- Updated: 05 May 2012
Pave the interstate with a magnetic substance so maglev vehicles can break into the scene.
http://wn.com/Maglev_Interstate_highway
Motorcycle wheelie down the interstate (highway) I40
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:27
- Published: 06 Apr 2011
- Updated: 20 Apr 2012
I was driving down I-40 and, I saw this guy infront of me, I heard him down shift all the way to third and i knew he was up to some thing...
http://wn.com/Motorcycle_wheelie_down_the_interstate_highway_I40
The Impact of Interstate Highways on Center City
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:46
- Published: 28 Dec 2010
- Updated: 18 May 2012
The history of Center City's interstate highway connections. Produced by WHYY for the Center City District/Central Philadelphia Development Corporation.
http://wn.com/The_Impact_of_Interstate_Highways_on_Center_City
Widest Freeway - Interstate 5/805 Merge and spilt. Sorrento Valley, San Diego.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Published: 27 Nov 2009
- Updated: 18 May 2012
THE WIDEST FREEWAY! The 5/805 freeway merge and 5/805 spit is the widest segment of Freeway in the US Interstate System. After the two freeways merge, the mega freeway is a total of 21 LANES WIDE. It then merges down to 19 lanes and runs quite a distance at that size. THE MATH [at it's widest point]: -Four (4) North bound bypass lanes -Seven (7) North bound general purpose lanes -One(1) North bound carpool -Seven (7) South bound general purpose banes -Four (4) South bound bypass banes.
http://wn.com/Widest_Freeway_Interstate_5_805_Merge_and_spilt_Sorrento_Valley,_San_Diego
Interstate 10 Freeway New Orleans Louisiana
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 18 Jan 2008
- Updated: 20 May 2012
Westbound on Interstate 10 Freeway towards Baton Rouge. New Orleans, Louisiana. Friday, January 4, 2008.
http://wn.com/Interstate_10_Freeway_New_Orleans_Louisiana
Historic Route 66 Through Amarillo, Texas
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:16
- Published: 02 Jun 2010
- Updated: 07 Jun 2012
On June 29, 1956, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act which initiated the construction of 41000 miles of interstate highways across America. As a result, many small towns that had once thrived along the famed east-west Route 66 were bypassed by the new high-speed interstate highway system. Faced with financial ruin, these small towns struggled to survive. In this travel video, I take a drive along a brief section of eastbound Historic Route 66 (Business 40) through Amarillo, Texas. The road continues on into downtown Amarillo on the west side of town.
http://wn.com/Historic_Route_66_Through_Amarillo,_Texas
I-175 / I-375 - St. Petersburg, FL
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:19
- Published: 29 Jul 2010
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Interstate Highways 175 and 375 in St. Petersburg, FL along with a brief tour of the University of South Florida St. Petersburg Campus and Downtown St. Petersburg. The artwork featured is Slave Market With Disappearing Bust of Voltaire (upper left corner from 1:20 to 2:25) and Disintegration Of The Persistence Of Memory (transition at 2:25) by Salvador Dali - both of which can be seen at the Dali Museum in St. Petersburg. Music is by DJ Answer. Get it at www.jamendo.com Note: this video features the original St. Petersburg location of The Dali Museum which is scheduled to relocate in 2011.
http://wn.com/I-175_I-375_St_Petersburg,_FL
Creative Commons / Billy Hathorn
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photo: Creative Commons / Glenn Francis
09 Jul 2012
After months of waiting, Kourtney Kardashian and Scott Disick's baby girl has finally arrived! Penelope Scotland Disick was born on Sunday, July 8, weighing in at 7 pounds, 14 ounces, and joins big...
photo: AP / Papa Bois Conservation,Marc de Verteuil
10 Jul 2012
Thousands of leatherback turtle eggs and hatchlings have been crushed by heavy machinery along a Trinidad beach widely regarded as the world's densest nesting area for the biggest of all living sea...
photo: UN / Eric Kanalstein
11 Jul 2012
SHARE AND DISCUSSTweetAfghanistan head of Human Rights Commision Seema Samar (Center) marches with Afghan women to protest the recent public execution of a young woman for alleged adultery, in Kabul...
photo: AP / Shaam News Network, SNN
11 Jul 2012
The conflict in Syria is increasingly putting a strain on relations between Russia and the West. However, experts agree that at the heart of the matter is not just the future of Syria. It's become...
photo: WN / Imran Nissar
11 Jul 2012
Srinagar: A teacher and a student were among three persons killed while 50 others injured when a school bus carrying students on a picnic trip plunged into a gorge near Gulmarg...
Business Wire
WESTLAKE, Ohio--(BUSINESS WIRE)--TravelCenters of America LLC (NYSE Amex: TA) today announced that it has entered a memorandum of understanding with Shell Oil Products US and its affiliates to construct and operate a network of natural gas fueling lanes at TA locations along the U.S. Interstate...(size: 9.2Kb)
The Examiner
What could be more symbolic of America than the open road? The image of a black ribbon stretching toward the unknown beyond the horizon, calls forth visions of romantic waywardness and infinite grandeur. Not so glamorous is the official name of the vast roadway connection called the...(size: 2.5Kb)
Obama wants massive public works spending on scale comparable to interstate highway system
06 Dec 2008
Star Tribune
CHICAGO - President-elect Barack Obama said Saturday he wants to revive the economy through a job-creating public works plan on a scale unseen since the building program of the interstate highway system in the 1950s. He offered no price estimate for the grand plan, how the money might be divided or...(size: 17.6Kb)
PR Newswire
MapQuest and other customers plan to alert commuters and truckers of unusual traffic congestion on more than 100,000 miles of freeway KIRKLAND, Wash., April 10 /PRNewswire/ -- INRIX(R) today introduced Nationwide Traffic Alerts on more than 100,000 miles of major arterials, freeways and highways,...(size: 6.3Kb)
MSNBC
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. -- With millions set to hit the road this weekend ahead of the Fourth of July holiday, a new national study has emerged, ranking Alabama’s highway and interstate performance as poor.The 16th annual Reason Foundation Report places Alabama 43rd overall...(size: 1.8Kb)
ABC News
A stretch of Interstate 80 between Sacramento and Lake Tahoe, Calif., has been identified as the worst section of the nation's 46,000-mile superhighway system. "The Interstate is an antique like this car is an antique," Dan McNichol pointed out as he navigated his 1951 Hudson Pacemaker Coup over...(size: 2.1Kb)
The interstate highway system at 50
23 Jun 2006
Scripps Howard
Fifty years ago from a hospital room, President Dwight Eisenhower changed America with a flick of his wrist, sending it speeding down an on-ramp toward the future of an automobile-oriented society. In signing the bill that created the nation's interstate highway system, Ike not only kick-started a...(size: 7.8Kb)
PR Newswire
SAINT PAUL, Minn., June 8 /PRNewswire/ -- Image Sensing Systems, Inc. (ISS) (Nasdaq: ISNS), world leader in video detection for advanced traffic management systems, is one the sponsors of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials' (AASHTO) convoy marking the 50th...(size: 4.0Kb)
US Interstate Highway System Celebrates 50 Years
11 Jul 2004
Voa News
Early freeway in Newton, Mass., circa 1935, showing access control"> Early freeway in Newton, Mass., circa 1935, showing access control Fifty years ago this week, a speech to U.S. governors dramatically changed the future of America. It envisioned a vast network of high-speed expressways,...(size: 7.5Kb)
"Interstate" redirects here. For other uses, see Interstate (disambiguation).
| Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways | |
|---|---|
  Highway shields for Interstate 80 and Business Loop Interstate 80 |
|
 Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states |
|
| System information | |
| Formed: | June 29, 1956[1] |
| Length: | 47,182 mi[a] (75,932 km) |
| Highway names | |
| Interstates: | Interstate X (I-X) |
| System links | |
| Interstate Highway System Main • Auxiliary • Business |
|
The Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways (commonly known as the Interstate Highway System, Interstate Freeway System or the Interstate) is a network of limited-access roads, including freeways, highways, and expressways, forming part of the National Highway System of the United States. The system is named for President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who championed its formation. Construction was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, and the original portion was completed 35 years later. The network has since been extended, and as of 2010[update], it had a total length of 47,182 miles (75,932 km).[2] As of 2010[update], about one-quarter of all vehicle miles driven in the country use the Interstate system.[3] The cost of construction has been estimated at $425 billion (in 2006 dollars),[4] making it the "largest public works program since the Pyramids."[5]
Contents |
History[link]
Planning[link]
 |
President Eisenhower delivered remarks about the need for a new highway program at Cadillac Square in Detroit on October 29, 1954
Text of speech excerpt |
| Problems listening to this file? See media help. | |
The Interstate Highway System had been lobbied for by major U.S. automobile manufacturers and championed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower, who was influenced by his experiences as a young Army officer crossing the country in the 1919 Army Convoy on the Lincoln Highway, the first road across America.
Initial federal planning for a nationwide highway system began in 1921 when the Bureau of Public Roads asked the Army to provide a list of roads it considered necessary for national defense. This resulted in the Pershing Map.[6] Later that decade, highways such as the New York parkway system were built as part of local or state highway systems.
As automobile traffic increased, planners saw a need for such an interconnected national system to supplement the existing, largely non-freeway, United States Numbered Highways system. By the late 1930s, planning had expanded to a system of new superhighways.
In 1938, President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave Thomas MacDonald, chief at the Bureau of Public Roads, a hand-drawn map of the U.S. marked with eight superhighway corridors for study.[6] In 1939, Bureau of Public Roads Division of Information chief Herbert S. Fairbank wrote a report entitled Toll Roads and Free Roads, "the first formal description of what became the interstate highway system," and in 1944 the similarly themed Interregional Highways.[7][8]
Eisenhower gained an appreciation of the German Autobahn network as a necessary component of a national defense system while he was serving as Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe during World War II.[9] He recognized that the proposed system would also provide key ground transport routes for military supplies and troop deployments in case of an emergency or foreign invasion.
The publication in 1955 of the General Location of National System of Interstate Highways, informally known as the Yellow Book, mapped out what became the Interstate System.[10] Assisting in the planning was Charles Erwin Wilson, who was still head of General Motors when President Eisenhower selected him as Secretary of Defense in January 1953.
Construction[link]
The Interstate Highway System was authorized by the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956[11] – popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act of 1956 – on June 29.
Three states have claimed the title of first Interstate Highway. Missouri claims that the first three contracts under the new program were signed in Missouri on August 2, 1956. The first contract signed was for U.S. 66. On August 13, 1956, Missouri awarded the first contract based on new Interstate Highway funding.[12]
Kansas claims that it was the first to start paving after the act was signed. Preliminary construction had taken place before the act was signed, and paving started September 26, 1956. The state marked its portion of I-70 as the first project in the United States completed under the provisions of the new Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956.[12]
According to information liaison specialist Richard Weingroff, the Pennsylvania Turnpike could also be considered one of the first Interstate Highways. On October 1, 1940, 162 miles (261 km) of the highway now designated I-70 and I-76 opened between Irwin and Carlisle. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania refers to the turnpike as the Granddaddy of the Pikes.[12]
Milestones in the construction of the Interstate Highway System include:
- October 17, 1974 – Nebraska becomes the first state to complete all of its mainline interstate highways with the dedication of its final piece of Interstate 80.[13]
- August 22, 1986 – The final section of the coast-to-coast (San Francisco to New York metropolitan area) Interstate 80 is dedicated on the western edge of Salt Lake City. The section spanned from Redwood Road to just west of the Salt Lake City International Airport. At the dedication it was noted that co-incidentally this was only 50 miles (80 km) from Promontory Summit, where the golden spike of the United States First Transcontinental Railroad was laid 120 years prior.[14][15][16]
- August 10, 1990 – The final section of coast-to-coast Interstate 10 (Santa Monica, California to Jacksonville, Florida) is dedicated. This section includes the Papago Freeway Tunnel under downtown Phoenix, Arizona. Completion of this section was delayed due to a freeway revolt that forced the cancellation of an originally planned elevated routing.[17]
- September 12, 1991 – Interstate 90 becomes the final coast-to-coast Interstate Highway (Seattle to Boston) to be completed with the dedication of an elevated viaduct bypassing Wallace, Idaho. This section was delayed after residents forced the cancellation of the originally planned at-grade alignment that would have demolished much of downtown Wallace. The residents accomplished this feat by placing the most of the downtown area on the National Register of Historic Places; blocking the path of the original alignment. After the dedication residents held a mock funeral celebrating the removal of the last stoplight on a transcontinental Interstate Highway.[17][18]
- October 14, 1992 – The original Interstate Highway system is proclaimed to be complete with the opening of Interstate 70 through Glenwood Canyon. This section is considered an engineering marvel with a 12-mile (19 km) span featuring 40 bridges and numerous tunnels and is one of the most expensive rural highways per mile.[19][20]
The initial cost estimate for the system was $25 billion over 12 years; it ended up costing $114 billion (adjusted for inflation, $425 billion in 2006 dollars[4]) and took 35 years.[21]
1992–present[link]
Additional spurs and loops/bypasses remain under construction, such as Interstate 485 in North Carolina, which has been under construction since the 1980s. A few main routes not part of the original plan remain under construction, such as Interstate 22 in Tennessee, Mississippi, and Alabama and the extension of Interstate 69 from Indiana to Texas. Officials have also identified some non-Interstate corridors for future inclusion into the system, either by construction of new Interstate routes or upgrade of existing roads to Interstate standards.
Due to the cancellation of the Somerset Freeway, Interstate 95 is discontinuous in New Jersey. Authorized by the federal government in 2004, the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project is scheduled to connect the separate sections of I-95 to form a continuous route, completing the final section of the original plan. Construction began in 2010.[22]
Standards[link]
Main article: Interstate Highway standards
File:Non Interchange Signage with Mileage Signage.jpg
I-94 near Coloma, Michigan showing examples of Interstate standards: rumble safety strips on shoulders, pavement type of parallel grooved (tined) concrete, restricted overpass height signage, secondary road overpass signage in center median, newly FHWA instituted cable median barriers, and upcoming exit signage on right shoulder
The American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) has defined a set of standards that all new Interstates must meet unless a waiver from the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) is obtained. One almost absolute standard is the controlled access nature of the roads. With few exceptions, traffic lights (and cross traffic in general) are limited to toll booths and ramp meters (metered flow control for lane merging during rush hour).
Speed limits[link]
Further information: Speed limits in the United States and National Maximum Speed Law
Being freeways, Interstate Highways usually have the highest speed limits in a given area. Speed limits are determined by individual states. From 1974 to 1987, the maximum speed limit on any highway in the United States was 55 miles per hour (89 km/h), in accordance with federal law.[23] Currently, rural speed limits generally range from 65 to 75 miles per hour (105 to 121 km/h), although several portions of I-10 and I-20 in rural western Texas have speed limits of 80 mph (129 km/h), the highest in the nation as of September 2011 after the passage of that state's House Bill 1201. Portions of I-15 in rural central Utah have a speed limit of 80 mph (129 km/h). Typically, lower limits are established in the more densely populated Northeastern states, while higher speed limits are established in the less densely populated Southern and Western states.[24] For example, the maximum speed limit is 75 mph (121 km/h) in Maine, 65 mph (105 km/h) from New Hampshire to New Jersey, and 50 mph (80 km/h) in the District of Columbia.[24] In some areas, speed limits on Interstates can be significantly lower in areas where they traverse significantly hazardous areas. I-90 has a maximum speed limit of 50 mph (80 km/h) in downtown Cleveland because of two sharp curves with a suggested limit of 35 mph (56 km/h) in a heavily congested area, I-70 through Wheeling, West Virginia, has a maximum speed limit of 45 mph (72 km/h) through the Wheeling Tunnel and most of downtown Wheeling, and I-68 has a maximum speed limit of 40 mph (64 km/h) through Cumberland, Maryland, because of multiple hazards including sharp curves and narrow lanes through the city.
Other uses[link]
As one of the components of the National Highway System, Interstate Highways improve the mobility of military troops to and from airports, seaports, rail terminals, and other military bases. Interstate Highways also connect to other roads that are a part of the Strategic Highway Network, a system of roads identified as critical to the U.S. Department of Defense.[25]
The system has also been used to facilitate evacuations in the face of hurricanes and other natural disasters. An option for maximizing traffic throughput on a highway is to reverse the flow of traffic on one side of a divider so that all lanes become outbound lanes. This procedure, known as contraflow lane reversal, has been employed several times for hurricane evacuations. After public outcry regarding the inefficiency of evacuating from southern Louisiana prior to Hurricane Georges' landfall in September 1998, government officials looked towards contraflow to improve evacuation times. In Savannah, Georgia, and Charleston, South Carolina, in 1999, lanes of Interstates 16 and 26 were used in a contraflow configuration in anticipation of Hurricane Floyd with mixed results.[26]
In 2004, contraflow was employed ahead of Hurricane Charley in the Tampa, Florida area and on the Gulf Coast before the landfall of Hurricane Ivan;[27] however, evacuation times there were no better than previous evacuation operations. Engineers began to apply lessons learned from the analysis of prior contraflow operations, including limiting exits, removing troopers (to keep traffic flowing instead of having drivers stop for directions), and improving the dissemination of public information. As a result, the 2005 evacuation of New Orleans, Louisiana prior to Hurricane Katrina ran far more smoothly.[28]
A widespread urban legend states that one out of every five miles of the Interstate Highway System must be built straight and flat so as to be usable by aircraft during times of war. Contrary to popular lore, Interstate Highways are not designed to serve as airstrips.[29][30]
Numbering system[link]
Primary (one- and two-digit) routes[link]
The numbering scheme for the Interstate Highway System was developed in 1957 by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). The association's present numbering policy dates back to August 10, 1973.[31] Within the continental United States, primary Interstates – also called main line Interstates or two-digit Interstates – are assigned numbers less than 100.[31]
In the numbering scheme, east-west highways are assigned even numbers and north-south highways are assigned odd numbers. Odd route numbers increase from west to east, and even-numbered routes increase from south to north (to avoid confusion with the U.S. Highways which increase from east to west and north to south), though there are exceptions to both principles in several locations. Numbers divisible by five are intended to be major arteries among the primary routes, carrying traffic long distances.[6][32] Major north–south arterial Interstates increase in number from I-5 between Canada and Mexico along the West Coast to I-95 between Canada and Miami along the East Coast. Major west–east arterial Interstates increase in number from I-10 between Santa Monica, California and Jacksonville, Florida to I-90 between Seattle, Washington, and Boston, Massachusetts, with two exceptions. There is no Interstate 50 or Interstate 60, as routes with those numbers would likely pass through states which currently have U.S. Highways with the same numbers, which is not allowed under highway administration guidelines.[31][33] Two-digit Interstates in Hawaii, as well as the "paper"[34] Interstates of Alaska and Puerto Rico are numbered sequentially in order of funding without regard to the rules on odd and even numbers.
Several two-digit numbers are shared between two roads at opposite ends of the country (I-76, I-84, I-86, and I-88). Some of these were due to a change in the numbering system as a result of a new policy adopted in 1973. Previously, letter-suffixed numbers were used for long spurs off primary routes; for example, western I-84 was I-80N, as it went north from I-80. The new policy stated, "No new divided numbers (such as I-35W and I-35E, etc.) shall be adopted." The new policy also recommended that existing divided numbers be eliminated as quickly as possible; however, an I-35W and I-35E still exist in the Dallas–Fort Worth metroplex in Texas, and an I-35W and I-35E that run through Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota still exist.[31]
AASHTO policy allows dual numbering to provide continuity between major control points.[31] This is referred to as a concurrency or overlap. For example, I-75 and I-85 share the same roadway in Atlanta; this 7.4-mile (11.9 km) section, called the Downtown Connector, is labeled both I-75 and I-85. Concurrencies between Interstate and U.S. Route numbers are also allowed in accordance with AASHTO policy, as long as the length of the concurrency is reasonable.[31] In rare instances, two routes sharing the same roadway are signed as traveling in opposite directions; one such wrong-way concurrency is found between Wytheville and Fort Chiswell, Virginia, where I-81 north and I-77 south are equivalent (with that section of road traveling almost due east), as are I-81 south and I-77 north.
Auxiliary (three-digit) Interstates[link]
See also: List of auxiliary Interstate Highways
Auxiliary Interstate Highways are circumferential, radial, or spur highways that principally serve urban areas. These types of Interstate Highways are given three-digit route numbers, which consist of a single digit prefixed to the two-digit number of a nearby primary Interstate Highway. Spur routes deviate from their parent and do not return; these are given an odd first digit. Circumferential and radial loop routes return to Interstate Highways, and are given an even first digit. Due to the large number of these routes, auxiliary route numbers may be repeated in different states along the mainline.[35] Some auxiliary highways do not follow these guidelines, however. See List of auxiliary Interstate Highways for examples.
In the example above, City A has an even-numbered circumferential highway. City B has an even-numbered circumferential beltway and an odd-numbered spur. City C has an even-numbered circumferential highway and an odd numbered spur. Because cities A, B, and C are in the same state, each auxiliary route carries a distinct three-digit route number.[35]
Unlike primary Interstates, three-digit Interstates are signed as either west/east or north/south, depending on the general orientation of the route, without regard to the route number. For some looped Interstate routes, inner/outer directions are used as a directional labeling system, as opposed to compass directions.
Mile Markers and Exit Numbers[link]
On one or two digit Interstates, the mile marker numbering almost always begins at the south state line (for north-south Interstates) or the west state line (for east-west Interstates). If an Interstate originates within a state, the numbering begins from the location where the road begins in the south or west. Exceptions exist for Interstate Highways that used segments of roadway that were built prior to Interstate Highway standards being formalized and grandfathered into the system.
Three digit Interstates with an even first number that form a complete circumferential (circle) bypass around a city feature Mile Markers that are numbered in a clockwise direction, beginning just west of an Interstate that bisects the circumferential route near a south polar location. In other words, Mile Marker 1 on I-465, a 53-mile circumferential route around Indianapolis, is just west of its junction with I-65 on the south side of Indianapolis (on the South Leg of I-465), and Mile Marker 53 is just east of this same South Leg junction with I-65.
The exit numbers of interchanges are sequential, often linked to the mile markers so that the interchange exit number is the same as the number of the nearest mile marker.[36]
Business routes[link]
AASHTO defines a category of special routes separate from primary and auxiliary Interstate designations. These routes do not have to comply to Interstate construction standards, but are routes that may be identified and approved by the association. The same route marking policy applies to both U.S. Numbered Highways and Interstate Highways; however, business route designations are sometimes used for Interstate Highways.[37] Known as Business Loops and Business Spurs, these routes that principally travel through the corporate limits of a city, passing through the central business district of the city. Business routes are used when the regular route is directed around the city.[37]
Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico[link]
The Interstate Highway System also extends to Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico, even though they have no direct land connections to any other states. However, their residents still pay federal fuel and tire taxes. Those Interstate Highways in Hawaii, all located on the most populous island of Oahu, carry the prefix H (e.g., Interstate H-1 and Interstate H-2). These expressways connect several military and naval bases together, as well as the important cities and towns spread across Oahu, and espcially the metropolis of Honolulu. Both Alaska and Puerto Rico have public highways that receive 90 percent of ther funding from the Interstate Highway program, although these highways have signs according to their local designations, but not their Interstate Highway numbers. These highways were neither planned according to nor constructed to the official Interstate Highway standards.[38]
Financing[link]
About 70 percent of the construction and maintenance costs of Interstate Highways in the United States have been paid through user fees, primarily the fuel taxes collected by the federal, state, and local governments. To a much lesser extent they have been paid for by tolls collected on toll highways and bridges. The Highway Trust Fund, established by the Highway Revenue Act in 1956, prescribed a three-cent-per-gallon fuel tax, soon increased to 4.5 cents per gallon. In 1993, the tax was increased to 18.4 cents per gallon, where it remains as of 2012.[39]
The rest of the costs of these highways are borne by general fund receipts, bond issues, designated property taxes, and other taxes. The federal contribution comes overwhelmingly from motor vehicle and fuel taxes (93.5 percent in 2007), and it makes up about 60 percent of the contributions by the states. However, any local government contributions are overwhelmingly from sources besides user fees.[40] The portion of the user fees spent on highways themselves covers about 57 percent of their costs, with about one-sixth of the user fees being sent to other programs, including the mass transit systems in large cities. In the northeastern United States, some large sections of Interstate Highways that were planned or constructed before 1956 are still operated as toll roads. Others have had their construction bonds paid off and they have become toll-free, such as in Connecticut (I-95), Maryland (I-95), Virginia (I-95), and Kentucky (I-65).
As American suburbs have expanded, the costs incurred in maintaining freeway infrastructure have also grown, leaving little in the way of funds for new Interstate construction.[41] This has led to the proliferation of toll roads (turnpikes) as the new method of building limited-access highways in suburban areas. Some Interstates are privately maintained (e.g., the VMS company maintains I-35 in Texas)[42] to meet rising costs of maintenance and allow state departments of transportation to focus on serving the fastest-growing regions in their states.
Parts of the Interstate System might have to be tolled in the future to meet maintenance and expansion demands, as has been done with adding toll HOV/HOT lanes in cities such as San Diego, Salt Lake City, Minneapolis, Houston, Denver, Dallas, Atlanta, and close to Washington, D.C. (in Northern Virginia). Although part of the tolling is an effect of the SAFETEA-LU act, which has put an emphasis on toll roads as a means to reduce congestion.[43][44] Present federal law does not allow for a state to change a freeway section to a tolled section for all traffic.[citation needed]
Toll Interstate Highways[link]
See also Category: Tolled sections of Interstate Highways
Approximately 2,900 miles (4,700 km) of toll roads are included in the Interstate Highway System.[45] While federal legislation initially banned the collection of tolls on Interstates, many of the toll roads on the system were either completed or under construction when the Interstate Highway System was established. Since these highways provided logical connections to other parts of the system, they were designated as Interstate highways. Congress also decided that it was too costly to either build toll-free Interstates parallel to these toll roads, or directly repay all the bondholders who financed these facilities and remove the tolls. Thus, these toll roads were "grandfathered" into the Interstate Highway System.[46]
Toll facilities designated as Interstate highways (such as the Massachusetts Turnpike) were typically allowed to continue collecting tolls, but are generally ineligible to receive federal funds for maintenance and improvements. In addition, these toll facilities were grandfathered from Interstate Highway standards. A notable example is the western approach to the Benjamin Franklin Bridge in Philadelphia, where Interstate 676 has a surface street section through a historic area.
Policies on toll facilities and Interstate Highways have since changed. The Federal Highway Administration has allowed some states to collect tolls on existing Interstate Highways, while a recent extension of Interstate 376 included a section of Pennsylvania Route 60 that was tolled by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission before receiving Interstate designation. Also, newer toll facilities (like the tolled section of I-376, which was built in the early 1990s) must conform to Interstate standards. A new addition of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices in 2009 requires a black-on-yellow "Toll" sign to be placed above the Interstate trailblazer on Interstate Highways that collect tolls.[47]
Legislation passed in 2005 known as SAFETEA-LU, encouraged states to construct new Interstate Highways through "innovative financing" methods. SAFETEA-LU facilitated states to pursue innovative financing by easing the restrictions on building interstates as toll roads, either through state agencies or through public–private partnerships. However, SAFETEA-LU left in place a prohibition of installing tolls on existing toll-free Interstates, and states wishing to toll such routes to finance upgrades and repairs must first seek approval from Congress.
Chargeable and non-chargeable Interstate routes[link]
Interstate Highways financed with federal funds are known as chargeable Interstate routes, and are considered part of the 42,000-mile (68,000 km) network of highways. Federal laws also allow non-chargeable Interstate routes, highways funded similarly to state and U.S. Highways to be signed as Interstates, if they both meet the Interstate Highway standards and are logical additions or connections to the system.[48][49] These additions fall under two categories: routes that already meet Interstate standards, and routes not yet upgraded to Interstate standards. Only routes that meet Interstate standards may be signed as Interstates once their proposed number is approved.[38]
Signage[link]
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The majority of Interstates have exit numbers. All traffic signs and lane markings on the Interstates are supposed to be designed in compliance with the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD). There are, however, many local and regional variations in signage.
For many years California was the only state that did not use an exit numbering system. It was granted an exemption in the 1950s due to having an already largely completed and signed highway system; placing exit number signage across the state was deemed too expensive. California began to incorporate exit numbers on its freeways in 2002 – Interstate, U.S., and state routes alike. Caltrans commonly installs exit number signage only when a freeway or interchange is built, reconstructed, retrofitted, or repaired to control costs. Most exits along California's Interstates now have exit number signage, particularly in rural areas.[citation needed]
Exit numbers correspond to Interstate mileage markers in most states. On I-19 in Arizona, however, length is measured in kilometers instead of miles because, at the time of construction, a push for the United States to change to a metric system of measurement had gained enough traction that it was mistakenly assumed that all highway measurements would eventually be changed to metric; proximity to metric-using Mexico may also have been a factor, as I-19 indirectly connects I-10 to the Mexican Federal Highway system via surface streets in Nogales. Mileage count increases from west to east on most even-numbered Interstates; on odd-numbered Interstates mileage count increases from south to north. Some tollways, including the New York State Thruway and Jane Addams Memorial Tollway, use radial exit numbering schemes. Exits on the New York State Thruway count up from Yonkers traveling north, and then west from Albany. On the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway mileage markers count up from O'Hare International Airport traveling west, which is the starting point of the tollway.
As of November 2010 the Illinois State Tollway Authority has redone the mileage markers to be uniform with the rest of the state on I-90 (Jane Addams Memorial/Northwest Tollway) and the I-94 section of the Tri-State Tollway, which previously had matched the I-294 section starting in the south at I-80/I-94/IL Route 394. The tollway is also currently in the process of adding exit number tabs to the exits.[citation needed]
Many northeastern states label exit numbers sequentially, regardless of how many miles have passed between exits. States in which Interstate exits are still numbered sequentially are Connecticut, Delaware, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont; as such, five of the main Interstate highways that remain completely within these states (87, 88, 89, 91, and 93) have interchanges numbered sequentially along their entire routes. Maine, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Georgia and Florida followed this system for a number of years, but since converted to mileage-based exit numbers. Georgia renumbered in 2000, while Maine did so in 2004. The Pennsylvania Turnpike uses both mile marker numbers and sequential numbers. Mile marker numbers are used for signage, while sequential numbers are used for numbering interchanges internally. The New Jersey Turnpike, including the portions which are signed as I-95 and I-78, also has sequential numbering, but other Interstates within New Jersey use mile markers.
I-87 in New York State is numbered in three sections. The first section is the portion of I-87 that makes up the Major Deegan Expressway, with interchanges numbered sequentially from 1 to 14. The second section of I-87 is a part of the New York State Thruway that starts in Yonkers (exit 1) and continues north to Albany (exit 24); at Albany, the Thruway turns west and becomes I-90 for exits 25–61. From Albany north to the Canadian border, the exits on I-87 are numbered sequentially from 1 to 44 along the New York State Northway. This often leads to confusion as there is more than one exit on I-87 with the same number. For example, exit 4 on Thruway section of I-87 connects with the Cross County Parkway in Yonkers, but exit 4 on the Northway is the exit for the Albany airport. These two exits share a number but are located 150 miles (240 km) apart.
There are four common signage methods on Interstates: One is locating a sign on the ground to the side of the highway, mostly the right, and is used to denote exits, as well as rest areas, motorist services such as gas and lodging, recreational sites, and freeway names. Another method is attaching the sign to an overpass. The two most common methods involve overhead gantries; they can be mounted either on half-gantries that are located on one side of the highway, like the ground-mounted sign; or full gantries that bridge the entire width of the highway and often show two or more signs.
Interstate shield[link]
Standard Interstate shields
Markers for Interstate 80 (left) and Business Loop Interstate 80 (right)
Interstate Highways are signed by a number placed on a trademarked[50] red, white and blue sign. In the original design, the name of the state was displayed above the highway number, but in many states, this area is now left blank. The sign usually measures 36 inches (91 cm) high, and is 36 inches (91 cm) wide for two-digit Interstates or 45 inches (110 cm) for three-digit Interstates.[51]
Interstate business loops and spurs use a special shield in which the red and blue are replaced with green, the word "BUSINESS" appears instead of "INTERSTATE", and the word "SPUR" or "LOOP" usually appears above the number.[51] The green shield is employed to mark the main route through a city's central business district, which intersects the associated Interstate highway at one (spur) or both (loop) ends of the business route. The route usually traverses the main thoroughfare(s) of the city's downtown area or other major business district.[52] A city may have more than one Interstate-derived business route, depending on the number of Interstates passing through a city and the number of significant business districts therein.[53]
File:Texas interstate shield proposals.jpg
Several proposed Interstate shield design proposals submitted by the Texas Highway Department
Over time, the design of the Interstate shield has changed. In 1957, the Interstate shield designed by Texas Highway Department employee Richard Oliver was introduced, the winner of a contest which included 100 entries;[54][55] at the time, the shield color was a dark navy blue and only 17 inches (43 cm) wide.[56] The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) standards revised the shield in the 1961,[57] 1971,[58] and 1978[59] editions.
Statistics[link]
Volume[link]
Elevation[link]
- Highest: 11,158 feet (3,401 m): I-70 in the Eisenhower Tunnel at the Continental Divide in the Colorado Rocky Mountains.[61]
- Lowest (on land): −52 ft (−15.8 m): I-8 at the New River near Seeley, California.[61]
Length[link]
- Longest: 3,020.54 miles (4,861.09 km): I-90 from Seattle, Washington, to Boston, Massachusetts.[62][63]
- Longest (north–south): 1,920 mi (3,090 km): I-95 from the Canadian border to Miami, Florida, not counting the gap in New Jersey to be completed in 2017.[62]
- Longest segment between state lines: 879 mi (1,415 km): I-10 in Texas from the New Mexico state line near El Paso to the Louisiana state line near Orange.[64]
- Longest concurrency: 278.4 mi (448.0 km): I-80 and I-90; Gary, Indiana, to Elyria, Ohio.[65]
- Shortest segment between state-lines: 453 ft (138 m): I-95 (Capital Beltway) on the Woodrow Wilson Bridge across the Potomac River where it briefly crosses the southernmost tip of the District of Columbia between its lines with Maryland and Virginia.[63]
- Shortest (two-digit): 17.62 mi (28.36 km): I-97 from Annapolis to Baltimore, in Maryland.[63]
States[link]
- Most states served by an Interstate: 15 states plus the District of Columbia: I-95 through Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, DC, Maryland, Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Maine.[62]
- Most Interstates in a state: 29 routes: New York, totaling 1,674.73 mi (2,695.22 km).[62]
- Most Interstate mileage in a state: 3,233.45 mi (5,203.73 km): Texas, in 17 different routes.[62]
See also[link]
- Adopt a Highway
- Expressways of China
- Expressways in South Korea, signage and numbering heavily influenced by Interstate Highway System
- Highway patrol
- International E-road network (Europe)
- List of controlled access highway systems
- List of roads and highways
- Non-motorized access on freeways
- Transportation in the United States
Notes[link]
References[link]
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (Summer 1996). "Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, Creating the Interstate System". Public Roads (Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration) 60 (1). http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96summer/p96su10.cfm. Retrieved March 16, 2012.
- ^ a b Office of Highway Policy Information (December 2011). Table HM-20: Public Road Length - 2010 (Report). Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2010/hm20.cfm. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ Office of Highway Policy Information (February 2012). Table VM-1: Annual Vehicle Distance Traveled in Miles and Related Data (2010) (Report). Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2010/vm1.cfm. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Neuharth, Al (June 22, 2006). "Traveling Interstates is our Sixth Freedom". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/news/opinion/columnist/neuharth/2006-06-22-interstates_x.htm. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (September–October 2000). "The Genie in the Bottle: The Interstate System and Urban Problems, 1939–1957". Public Roads 64 (2). http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/00septoct/urban.cfm. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ a b c McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System. New York: Sterling Publishing. ISBN 1-4027-3468-9.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (Summer 1996). "The Federal-State Partnership at Work: The Concept Man". Public Roads (Federal Highway Administration) 60 (1). http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/summer96/p96su7b.htm#9.
- ^ "Interregional Highways". Roadfan.com. http://www.roadfan.com/intreg.html. Also includes scans from Toll Roads and Free Roads as reprinted in Interregional Highways.
- ^ Petroski, Henry (2006). "On the Road". American Scientist 94 (5): 396–9.
- ^ Norton, Peter (1996). "Fighting Traffic: U.S. Transportation Policy and Urban Congestion, 1955–1970". Essays in History. Corcoran Department of History at the University of Virginia. http://etext.virginia.edu/journals/EH/EH38/Norton.html. Retrieved January 17. 2008.
- ^ "The Cracks are Showing". The Economist. June 26, 2008. http://www.economist.com/world/unitedstates/displayStory.cfm?story_id=11636517. Retrieved October 23, 2008. (Subscription required)
- ^ a b c Weingroff, Richard F. (May 7, 2005). "Three States Claim First Interstate Highway". Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/rw96h.htm. Retrieved February 16, 2008.
- ^ Staff. "I-80 50th Anniversary Page". Nebraska Department of Roads. http://www.nebraskatransportation.org/i-80-anniv/index.htm. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
- ^ "America Celebrates 30th Anniversary of the Interstate System". U.S. Highways (Federal Highway Administration). Fall 1986. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/30thannv.cfm. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ "Around the Nation: Transcontinental Road Completed in Utah". The New York Times. August 25, 1986. http://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/25/us/around-the-nation-transcontinental-road-completed-in-utah.html.
- ^ Utah Department of Transportation (1983). Official Highway Map, Utah Transportation Commission (Map). Salt Lake City inset.
- ^ a b Weingroff, Richard F. (January 2006). "The Year of the Interstate". Public Roads (Federal Highway Administration) 69 (4). http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/06jan/01.cfm.
- ^ Staff (May 31, 2006). "Celebrating 50 years of Idaho's Interstates". Idaho Transportation Department. http://www.itd.idaho.gov/50.years/I-50_I-90.html. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ Staff. "CDOT Fun Facts". Colorado Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.state.co.us/50anniversary/funfacts.cfm. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
- ^ Stufflebeam Row, Karen; LaDow, Eva; Moler, Steve. "Glenwood Canyon 12 Years Later". Federal Highway Administration. http://www.tfhrc.gov/pubrds/04mar/04.htm.
- ^ Staff (2006). "Mn/DOT celebrates Interstate Highway System's 50th Anniversary". Minnesota Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on December 4, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071204072603/http://www.dot.state.mn.us/interstate50/50facts.html. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ "Draft: Design Advisory Committee Meeting No. 2" (PDF). I-95/I-276 Interchange Project Meeting Design Management Summary. Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. http://www.paturnpikei95.com/pdf/DACMeeting050914.pdf.
- ^ "Nixon Approves Limit of 55 M.P.H.". The New York Times: pp. 1, 24. January 3, 1974. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F40610FD3F58137B93C1A9178AD85F408785F9&scp=1&sq=nixon%20approves%20limit%20of%2055&st=cse. Retrieved July 27, 2008. (Subscription required)
- ^ a b Carr, John (October 11, 2007). "State traffic and speed laws". Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://www.mit.edu/~jfc/laws.html. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ Slater, Rodney E. (Spring 1996). "The National Highway System: A Commitment to America's Future". Public Roads (Federal Highway Administration) 59 (4). http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/96spring/p96sp2.cfm. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ Wolshon, PE, Brian (August 2001). ""One-Way-Out": Contraflow Freeway Operation for Hurricane Evacuation" (PDF). National Hazards Review 2 (3): 105–12. DOI:10.1061/(ASCE)1527-6988(2001)2:3(105). Archived from the original on October 6, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081006200038/http://www.asce.org/files/pdf/hurricane/Evacuation_and_Shelters/One_Way_Out~Contraflow_Freeway_Operation_for_Hurricane_Evacuation.pdf. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ Faquir, Tahira. "Contraflow Implementation Experiences in the Southern Coastal States" (PDF). Florida Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071025045623/http://www.floridaits.com/PDFs/TWO60-Contraflow/060330-Experiences-V2.pdf. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
- ^ McNichol, Dan (December 2006). "Contra Productive". Roads & Bridges. Archived from the original on July 15, 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110715191558/http://www.roadsbridges.com/popup_app/index.cfm?fuseaction=showArticle&appDirectory=rb&articleID=7519&forPrint=yes. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ "Landing of Hope and Glory". snopes.com. http://www.snopes.com/autos/law/airstrip.asp. Retrieved December 30, 2007.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (May–June 2000). "One Mile in Five: Debunking the Myth". Public Roads (Federal Highway Administration) 63 (6). http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/publicroads/00mayjun/onemileinfive.cfm. Retrieved December 14, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e f Staff (January 2000). "Establishment of a Marking System of the Routes Comprising the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways" (PDF). American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO2_Policy_Retention_HO1.pdf. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (January 18, 2005). "Was I-76 Numbered to Honor Philadelphia for Independence Day, 1776?". Ask the Rambler. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/i76.cfm. Retrieved January 17, 2008.
- ^ Staff. "Interstate FAQ". Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/interstate/faq.htm#question19. Retrieved June 26, 2009. "Proposed I-41 in Wisconsin and partly completed I-74 in North Carolina respectively are possible and current exceptions not adhering to the guideline. It is not known if the U.S. Highways with the same numbers will be retained in the states upon completion of the Interstate routes."
- ^ Voss, Oscar (2007). "Interstate Ends Photos". Alaska Roads. Self-published. http://www.alaskaroads.com/Interstate-ends.htm. Retrieved July 9, 2009. "'Paper' refers to Interstates that are funded under the same legislation as signed Interstates but are not signed with Interstate shields." [unreliable source]
- ^ a b Staff (March 22, 2007). "FHWA Route Log and Finder List". Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/index.cfm. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- ^ Staff. "Understanding Interstate Route Numbering, Mile Markers & Exit Numbering". Indiana Department of Transportation. http://www.in.gov/indot/2488.htm. Retrieved November 26, 2011.
- ^ a b Staff (January 2000). "Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways" (PDF). American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. http://cms.transportation.org/sites/route/docs/HO1_Policy_Establ_Develop_USRN.pdf. Retrieved January 23, 2008.
- ^ a b DeSimone, Tony (March 22, 2007). "FHWA Route Log and Finder List: Additional Designations". Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/#s06. Retrieved January 4, 2010.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard M. (April 7, 2011). "When did the Federal Government begin collecting the gas tax?". Ask the Rambler. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/gastax.cfm. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
- ^ Staff (January 3, 2012). "Funding For Highways and Disposition of Highway-User Revenues, All Units of Government, 2007". Highway Statistics 2007. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/statistics/2007/hf10.cfm. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ Field, David (July 29, 1996). "On 40th birthday, Interstates Face Expensive Midlife Crisis". Insight on the News: pp. 40–42.
- ^ Staff. "Projects by Type: Interstates". VMS, Inc.. http://www.vmsom.com/projectsoverviewbytype.shtm#Interstates. Retrieved January 10, 2008.
- ^ Hart, Ariel (July 19, 2007). "1st Toll Project Proposed for I-20 East: Plan Would Add Lanes Outside I-285" (PDF). The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.cobbrides.com/pdfs/1st%20toll%20project%20proposed%20for%20I.pdf. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
- ^ VanMeter, Darryl D. (October 28, 2005). "Future of HOV in Atlanta" (PDF). American Society of Highway Engineers. Archived from the original on October 25, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071025045621/http://www.dot.state.ga.us/preconstruction/consultantdesign/design/Future+of+HOV+in+Atlanta.pdf. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
- ^ Weiss, Martin H. (April 7, 2011). "How Many Interstate Programs Were There?". Highway History. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/highwayhistory/howmany.cfm. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ Weingroff, Richard F. (August 2, 2011). "Why Does The Interstate System Include Toll Facilities?". Ask the Rambler. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/infrastructure/tollroad.cfm. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ Staff (November 16, 2011). "Interim Releases for New and Revised Signs". Standard Highway Signs and Markings. Federal Highway Administration. http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/shsm_interim/index.htm. Retrieved March 10, 2012.
- ^ 23 U.S.C. § 103(c), Interstate System.
- ^ Surface Transportation Assistance Act of 1978, Pub.L. 99-599
- ^ American Association of State Highway Officials (September 19, 1967). "Trademark Registration 0835635". Trademark Electronic Search System. US Patent and Trademark Office. http://www.uspto.gov/trademarks/index.jsp. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ a b Staff (May 10, 2005) [2004]. "Guide Signs" (PDF). Standard Highway Signs (2004 English ed.). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. pp. 3-1–3-3. OCLC 69678912. http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/SHSe/Guide.pdf. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Staff (December 2009). "Chaper 2D. Guide Signs: Conventional Roads" (PDF). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (2009 ed.). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 142. OCLC 496147812. http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/pdfs/2009/part2d.pdf.
- ^ Michigan Department of Transportation (2011). State Transportation Map (Map). 1 in:3.5 mi / 1 cm:2 km. Lansing inset.
- ^ Staff (Q4 2005). "Ties to Texas" (PDF). Texas Transportation Researcher (Texas Transportation Institute) 41 (4): 20–1. Archived from the original on August 20, 2010. http://web.archive.org/web/20100820082038/http://tti.tamu.edu/publications/researcher/v41n4/41_4.pdf.
- ^ Staff (2006). "Image Gallery". The Interstate is 50. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. http://www.interstate50th.org/gallery.shtml. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Staff (1958). Manual for Signing and Pavement Marking of the National System of Interstate and Defense Highways. Washington, DC: American Association of State Highway Officials. OCLC 3332302.
- ^ National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices; American Association of State Highway Officials (1961). "Part 1: Signs" (PDF). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (1961 ed.). Washington, DC: Bureau of Public Roads. pp. 79–80. OCLC 35841771. http://www.trafficsign.us/oldmutcd/1961/1-signs.pdf. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ National Joint Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices; American Association of State Highway Officials (1971). "Chapter 2D. Guide Signs: Conventional Roads" (PDF). Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (1971 ed.). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 88. OCLC 221570. http://www.trafficsign.us/oldmutcd/1971/2d-guidesignsconv.pdf. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ National Advisory Committee on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (1978). "Chapter 2D. Guide Signs: Conventional Roads". Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices for Streets and Highways (1978 ed.). Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. p. 2D-5. OCLC 23043094. http://www.trafficsign.us/oldmutcd/1978/2d-guidesigns.pdf. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Office of Highway Policy Information (July 27, 2010). Most Travelled Urban Highways Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) > 250,000 (Report). 2008 Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS). Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/policyinformation/tables/02.cfm. Retrieved May 9, 2012.
- ^ a b Staff. "Interstate Highway Fact Sheet" (PDF). American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Archived from the original on October 10, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081010060935/http://www.interstate50th.org/docs/InterstateHighwayFactSheet.pdf. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e Obenberger, Jon; DeSimone, Tony (April 7, 2011). "Interstate System Facts". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/programadmin/interstate.cfm#interstate_trivia. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Miscellaneous Interstate System Facts". Federal Highway Administration. April 6, 2011. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/#s11. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ Transportation Planning and Programming Division. "Highway Designation File – Interstate Highway No. 10". Texas Department of Transportation. http://www.dot.state.tx.us/tpp/hwy/IH/IH0010.htm. Retrieved August 31, 2010.
- ^ DeSimone, Tony (October 31, 2002). "Table 1: Main Routes of the Dwight D. Eisenhower National System Of Interstate and Defense Highways as of October 31, 2002". Route Log and Finder List. Federal Highway Administration. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/reports/routefinder/table1.cfm. Retrieved September 13, 2009.
Further reading[link]
- Browning, Edgar A (2011). Roadbuilding Construction Equipment at Work: Building the Interstate Highways through New England's Green Mountains. Icongrafix. ISBN 978-1-58388-277-1.
- Friedlaender, Ann Fetter (1965). The Interstate Highway System. A Study in Public Investment. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing. OCLC 498010.
- Hanlon, Martin D. (1997). You Can Get There from Here: How the Interstate Highways Transformed America. New York: Basingstoke. ISBN 978-0-312-12909-5.
- Lewis, Tom (1997). Divided Highways: Building the Interstate Highways, Transforming American Life. Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-86627-4.
- Lichter, Daniel T.; Fuguitt, Glenn V. (December 1980). "Demographic Response to Transportation Innovation: The Case of the Interstate Highway". Social Forces 59 (2): 492–512. JSTOR 2578033.
- McNichol, Dan (2006). The Roads that Built America: The Incredible Story of the U.S. Interstate System. New York : Sterling Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4027-3468-7.
- Rose, Mark H. (1990). Interstate: Express Highway Politics 1939–1989. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. ISBN 978-0-87049-671-4.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Interstate Highway System |
- Dwight D. Eisenhower National System of Interstate and Defense Highways, Federal Highway Administration (FHWA)
- Route Log and Finder List, FHWA
- Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, FHWA
- Interstate Highway System, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library and Museum
- "Keep on Trucking?: Would you pay more in taxes to fix roads and rail?", NOW on PBS
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0:56
Stupid truck driving backwards on the Interstate highway
yourtubenetwork
Stupid truck driving backwards on the Interstate highway
911: A white truck was seen driving in the wrong direction on the highway. We called 911 to report the truck and the ghost that was driving it, but the 911 operator told us that they couldn't really do anything about the insane truck driver. Instead, they ordered a pizza for us! Thanks 911, appreciate it!
3:23
Widest Freeway - Interstate 5/805 Merge and spilt. Sorrento Valley, San Diego.
cooljuno411
Widest Freeway - Interstate 5/805 Merge and spilt. Sorrento Valley, San Diego.
THE WIDEST FREEWAY! The 5/805 freeway merge and 5/805 spit is the widest segment of Freeway in the US Interstate System. After the two freeways merge, the mega freeway is a total of 21 LANES WIDE. It then merges down to 19 lanes and runs quite a distance at that size. THE MATH [at it's widest point]: -Four (4) North bound bypass lanes -Seven (7) North bound general purpose lanes -One(1) North bound carpool -Seven (7) South bound general purpose banes -Four (4) South bound bypass banes.
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