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Friday, 04 January 2013

RMF FM - katastrofa samolotu prezydenckiego

RMF FM - Fakty (11.09.2001, godz. 15:00)

Jeszcze unia nie zginęła póki my płacimy - Tomasz Olbratowski 13.12.2011

Co usłyszycie w Faktach RMF FM? - 2 Stycznia 2013

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Białogard
Białogard [bʲaˈwɔɡart] ( listen) (German: Belgard ( listen); Kashubian/Pomeranian: Biôłogard) is a town in Middle Pomerania, northwestern Poland with 24,399 inhabitants (2004). The capital of Białogard County in the West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, the town was previously in Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998). It is the most important railroad junction of the Middle Pomerania, with two major lines (Kołobrzeg - Piła and Gdańsk - Stargard Szczeciński) crossing there.
According to archaeologists the Białogard stronghold was built in the fork of the Parsęta and Leśnica Rivers as early as the 8th century. In the 10th century it was an important centre of long-range international trade at the crossroads of two important trade routes: a north-south "salt route" from Kołobrzeg to Poznań and Greater Poland, and the west-east Pomeranian route from Szczecin to Gdańsk.
Pomerania was inhabited by several tribes collectively known as Pomeranians, and Białogard was probably the centre of one of them. In the 10th century Pomerania was conquered by the Polish dukes Mieszko I and Bolesław the Brave, who established a bishopric in the nearby Kołobrzeg in 1000, but the area was soon lost to Poland and Christianity.

wn.com/Białogard
Białystok
Białystok ([bʲaˈwɨstɔk] ( listen)) (Belarusian: Беласток, Biełastok) is the largest city in northeastern Poland and the capital of the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Located in the North Podlasie Lowland (pl:Nizina Północnopodlaska) on the banks of the Biała River, Białystok ranks second in terms of population density, eleventh in population, and thirteenth in area, of the cities of Poland. It has historically attracted migrants from elsewhere in Poland and beyond, particularly from Central and Eastern Europe. This is facilitated by the fact that the nearby border with Belarus is also the eastern border of the European Union, as well as the Schengen Area. The city and its adjacent municipalities constitute Metropolitan Białystok. The city has a Warm Summer Continental climate, characterized by warm summers and long frosty winters. Forests are an important part of Białystok's character, and occupy around 1,756 ha (4,340 acres) (17.2% of the administrative area of the city) which places it as the fifth most "wooded" city in Poland.

wn.com/Białystok
Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz [ˈbɨdɡɔʂt͡ʂ] ( listen) (German: Bromberg ( listen), Latin: Bydgostia) is a city located in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers. With a city population of 358,029 (June 2009), and an urban agglomeration with more than 460,000 inhabitants, Bydgoszcz is the 8th-largest city in Poland. It has been the seat of Bydgoszcz County and the co-capital, with Toruń, of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Prior to this, between 1947 and 1998, it was the capital of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship, and before that, of the Pomeranian Voivodeship between 1945 and 1947.
Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-Toruń, which totals over 850,000 inhabitants. Bydgoszcz is the seat of Casimir the Great University, University of Technology and Life Sciences and a conservatory, as well as a Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. Bydgoszcz hosts the Filharmonia Pomorska concert hall, the Opera Nova opera house, and the Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport. Due to its location between the Vistula and Odra rivers, and the water course of the Bydgoszcz Canal, the city forms part of a water system connected via the Noteć, Warta, Odra, and Elbe with the Rhine and Rotterdam. Bydgoszcz was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016.

wn.com/Bydgoszcz
Częstochowa
Częstochowa [t͡ʂɛ̃stɔˈxɔva] ( listen) is a city in south Poland on the Warta River with 240,027 inhabitants (June 2009). It has been situated in the Silesian Voivodeship (administrative division) since 1999, and was previously the capital of Częstochowa Voivodeship (1975–1998). However, Częstochowa is historically part of Lesser Poland, not of Silesia, and before 1795 (see: Partitions of Poland), it belonged to the Kraków Voivodeship.
The town is known for the famous Pauline monastery of Jasna Góra, which is the home of the Black Madonna painting (Polish: Jasnogórski Cudowny obraz Najświętszej Maryi Panny Niepokalanie Poczętej), a shrine to the Virgin Mary. Every year, millions of pilgrims from all over the world come to Częstochowa to see it. The city was became home to the Frankism religion in the late 18th and 19th Century. There is also a Lusatian culture excavation site and museum in the city and ruins of a medieval castle in Olsztyn, approximately 25 kilometres (ca. 16 mi) from the city centre.

wn.com/Częstochowa
Elbląg
Elbląg [ˈɛlblɔŋk] ( listen) (German: Elbing ( listen)) is a city in northern Poland with 127,892 inhabitants (2006). It is the capital of Elbląg County and has been assigned to the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. Before then it was the capital of Elbląg Voivodeship (1975–1998) and a county seat in Gdańsk Voivodeship (1945–1975). The city is a port on the river Elbląg which flows into the Vistula Lagoon about 10 km to the north, thus giving the city access to the Baltic Sea via the Russian-controlled Strait of Baltiysk.
It was first mentioned as "Ilfing" in The Voyages of Ohthere and Wulfstan which was written in Anglo-Saxon in King Alfred's reign using information from a Viking who had visited the area.
During the Middle Ages, the Old Prussian settlement of Truso was located at Lake Drużno near the current site of Elbląg in historical Pogesania; the settlement burned down in the 10th century. The Teutonic Knights conquered the region and the inhabitants dispersed in the process. The Teutonic Order built a castle and founded Elbing at the lake with a population mostly from Lübeck; today the much smaller lake does not reach the city any more. After the defeat of the Teutonic Knights and the destruction of the castle by the inhabitants, the city successively was under the sovereignty of the Polish crown (1466), the Kingdom of Prussia (1772), and Germany (1871). Elbing was heavily damaged in World War II, its German citizens were expelled upon the war's end. The city became part of Poland in 1945 and was repopulated with Polish citizens.

wn.com/Elbląg
Ełk
Ełk [ɛu̯k] (before 1945 German: Lyck (help·info); before 1939 rendered in Polish as Łęg or Łęk; Old Prussian Luks) is a town in northeastern Poland with 61,156 inhabitants (as of 2010). It was assigned to Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 1999, after belonging to Suwałki Voivodeship from 1975 to 1998. Ełk is the capital of Ełk County.
The city lies on a shore of Ełckie Lake, which was formed by a glacier. Surrounded by forests, the area is part of the region of Masuria. One of its principal attractions is hunting, which is carried out in extensive forests.
By 1283 the last Sudovian Prussian leader, Skomand (Lithuania:Skalmantas), capitulated to the Teutonic Knights in the Lyck area. After 1323, the northern part of the region was administered by the Komturship of Brandenburg, while the larger part with the later town belonged to Komturship Balga. A former Old Prussian settlement, the town was first documented in 1398 around an Ordensburg built by the Teutonic Knights. The town's name has various postulated origins both from Polish and German, its German version Lyck, is postulated to be derived from its Old Prussian name, Luks (from the word for waterlily, luka), other theory holds that the name comes from Polish word "łęg" meaning meadow. It received its town rights in 1445.

wn.com/Ełk
Gdańsk
Gdańsk ( /ɡəˈdænsk/ or /ɡəˈdɑːnsk/; Polish: [ˈɡdaɲsk]; German: Danzig, pronounced [ˈdantsɪç]) is a Polish city on the Baltic coast, at the center of the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area.
The city lies on the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay (of the Baltic Sea), in a conurbation with the city of Gdynia, spa town of Sopot, and suburban communities, which together form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of over 800,000. Gdańsk itself has a population of 455,830 (June 2010), making it the largest city in the Pomerania region of Northern Poland.
Gdańsk is Poland's principal seaport as well as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is also historically the largest city of the Kashubian region. The city is close to the former late medieval/modern boundary between West Slavic and Germanic lands and it has a complex political history with periods of Polish rule, periods of German rule, and extensive self-rule, with two spells as a free city. It has been part of modern Poland since 1945.

wn.com/Gdańsk
Giżycko
Giżycko [ɡʲiˈʐɨt͡skɔ] (German: Lötzen (help·info), Lithuanian: Lėcius; former Polish: Lec) is a town in northeastern Poland with 29,796 inhabitants (2004). It is situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been in the Suwałki Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the seat of Giżycko County.
The first known settlements in the area of Giżycko date back Roman times and are connected to Amber road in vicinity of which Giżycko was located. A defensive grod was known to exist in the area, and in IX was recorded as being ruled by king known as Izegup or Jesegup.
In 1008 Bolesław I Chrobry sent an expedition to Christianize the Old Prussians ; according to the legend the missionary Bruno of Querfurt was killed by Sudovians near Lake Niegocin in 1009, and a memorial the Bruno – cross was erected near Gizycko in 1910.
The Teutonic Knights built a castle in Prussia named Lötzen (Lec in Polish) in 1340, located at the isthmus between two lakes in Masuria. Lötzen was administered within the Komturei of Balga. The settlement near the castle received town privileges, with a coat of arms and seal, in 1612 while part of the Duchy of Prussia.

wn.com/Giżycko
Gorzów Wielkopolski
Gorzów Wielkopolski [ˈɡɔʐuf vʲɛlkɔˈpɔlskʲi] ( listen) (abbreviated Gorzów Wlkp.; German: Landsberg an der Warthe; Kashubian: Lãdzberch) is a city in western Poland, on the Warta river. It is the biggest city in the Lubusz Voivodeship with 125,149 inhabitants (June 2009). and one of its two capitals with a seat of a Voivodeship governor (the other is Zielona Góra); previously it was the capital of the Gorzów Voivodeship (1975–1998).
Gorzów is famous for its fine sportsmen including Olympic and world champions and national representatives. In recent years the city has been known for a former Polish Prime Minister Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz, who comes from Gorzów Wielkopolski. Around Gorzów there are two large forest areas: Gorzów Woods (Puszcza Gorzowska) to the north, where the Barlinek-Gorzów Landscape Park is situated, and Noteć Woods (Puszcza Notecka) to the southeast. The biggest oil fields in Poland are located near Gorzów.
The Polish name Gorzów, written as Gorzew, is known from Polish maps and historical books dating back to 18th century or perhaps earlier.

wn.com/Gorzów_Wielkopolski
Iława
Iława [iˈwava] ( listen) (German: Deutsch Eylau ( listen)) is a town in northeastern Poland with 33,912 inhabitants (2006). It is situated in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship (since 1999); previously it was in Olsztyn Voivodeship (1975–1998). It is the capital of Iława County.
The town was founded in Prussia in 1305 and is documented in a manuscript by Luther von Braunschweig in 1317. It was built on the Eylenz (Iławka) River between Lakes Geserich (Jeziorak) and Eylenz (Iławskie). This location makes it a popular vacation area. The town was under the jurisdiction of the komtur of Christburg (Dzierzgoń) and since 1340 under Osterode (Ostróda). In 1457 it was sold to King Casimir IV Jagiellon of Poland during the Thirteen Years' War between the cities of Prussia and the Teutonic Order. With the aid of Ulrich von Kinsberg the city was able to regain its independence from Poland.^{[citation needed]}
As Deutsch Eylau, the town became part of the Duchy of Prussia in 1525 and the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701. Administered within the new province of West Prussia in 1773, it became part of the German Empire in 1871.

wn.com/Iława
Kalisz
Kalisz [ˈkalʲiʂ] ( listen) is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants (June 2010), the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce. See Kalisz County for the regional administrative area (powiat).
Kalisz is an important regional industrial and commercial centre^{[citation needed]}, with many notable factories^[which?]. The city is also a centre for traditional folk art. The town was also the site of the former 'Calisia' piano factory, until it went out of business in 2007.
The name itself stems from the Celtic term cal which means stream, or Slavic term kal, meaning swamp or marsh.
Kalisz has long been considered the oldest city of Poland because it was mentioned by Ptolemy in the 2nd century A.D., but the claim is now doubted by some (cf. Calisia). The location mentioned by Ptolemy was situated in the territory of the Diduni in Magna Germania on the Amber Trail. There are many artefacts of the Roman times in the area, pointing out that it could have been one of the stops of the Roman caravans heading for the Baltic Sea.

wn.com/Kalisz
Katowice
Katowice (Polish: [katɔˈvʲit͡sɛ] ( listen); German: Kattowitz) is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, on the Kłodnica and Rawa rivers (tributaries of the Oder and the Vistula respectively). Katowice is located in the Silesian Highlands, about 50 km (31 mi) north of the Silesian Beskids (part of the Carpathian Mountains) and about 100 km (62 mi) southeast of the Sudetes Mountains.
It is the central district of the Upper Silesian Metropolis, with a population of 2.2 million to 3.5 million. Katowice is the center of science, culture, industry, business and transportation in southern Poland. It is the main city in the Upper Silesian Industrial Region and of the 2.7 millionconurbation, the Katowice urban area, within a Silesian metropolitan area populated by 4,676,983 people.
Katowice has been the capital of the Silesian Voivodeship since its formation in 1999. Previously, it was the capital of the Katowice Voivodeship, before then, of the Silesian Voivodeship and before then Province of Upper Silesia in Germany.

wn.com/Katowice
Kielce
Kielce [ˈkʲɛlt͡sɛ] ( listen) is a city in central Poland with 204,891 inhabitants (June 2009). It is also the capital city of the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship (Holy Cross Voivodeship) since 1999, previously in Kielce Voivodeship (1919–1939, 1945–1998). The city is located in the middle of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains (Holy Cross Mountains), at the banks of Silnica river, in northern part of the historical Polish province of Lesser Poland. Once an important centre of limestone mining, Kielce is now a centre of trade and commerce, with Kielce Trade Fairs (Targi Kieleckie) ranking third among Central and Eastern Europe trade fairs centres.
The area of Kielce has been inhabited since at least the 5th century BC. Until the 6th or 7th century the banks of the Silnica were inhabited by Kelts. They were driven out by a Slavic tribe of Vistulans who started hunting in the nearby huge forests and had settled most of the area now known as Małopolska and present-day Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The lands of Wiślanie were at first subdued by Bohemia, however they soon came under the control of the Piast dynasty and became a part of Poland. According to a local legend, Mieszko, son of Boleslaus II of Poland dreamt he was attacked by a band of brigands in a forest. In the dream he saw a vision of Saint Adalbert who drew a winding line which turned into a stream. When Mieszko woke up, he found the Silnica River whose waters helped him regain strength. He also discovered huge white tusks of an unknown animal. Mieszko announced he would build a town and a church to St. Adalbert at that site. According to this legend, the town's name Kielce commemorates the mysterious tusks (kieł in Polish).

wn.com/Kielce
Kisielice
Kisielice [kʲiɕɛˈlʲit͡sɛ] (German: Freystadt in Westpreussen) is a town in Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, Poland, with 2,222 inhabitants (2004).
Coordinates: 53°36′N 19°16′E / 53.6°N 19.267°E / 53.6; 19.267

wn.com/Kisielice
Kluczbork
Kluczbork [ˈklud͡ʐbɔrk] (German: Kreuzburg O.S.) is a town in southwestern Poland with 26,670 inhabitants (2003), situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Kluczbork County and an important railroad junction. In Kluczbork the major rail line from Katowice splits into two directions - westwards to Wroclaw and northwards to Poznań. It is also connected with Fosowskie.
Archaeologists have determined that settlement existed at the location of present-day Kluczbork by 1000-800 BC. The Scirii and Bastarnae settled in the vicinity and were followed ca. 100 BC by Celts and Vandals. The latter left Silesia ca. 400 AD, allowing West Slavs to settle the region.
In the 13th century the Knights of the Cross with the Red Star acquired the Kreuzburger Land and territory near Breslau (Wrocław), including the villages Ullrichsdorf (Młodoszów), Kuhnau (Kuniów), and Kotschanowitz (Chocianowice). The Knights began the settlement of Cruzeburg (Kreuzburg) on November 2, 1252. It received Magdeburg rights on February 26, 1253, the official date of foundation for the town. The Knights adjudicated in the town until 1274, when it was administered by a vogt of local Silesian dukes and juries were introduced. Dukes holding sway over Kreuzburg included Henryk IV Probus (until 1290), Henry III of Glogau (Głogów) (until 1309), and Konrad I of Oels (Oleśnica).

wn.com/Kluczbork
Konin
Konin [ˈkɔɲin] is a town in central Poland on the Warta river. It is the capital of Konin County. Since 1999, it has been in the Greater Poland Voivodeship. Previously, it was the capital of Konin Voivodeship (1975–1998). In 2006, the population was 81,233.
The oldest remains of human habitation in Konin have been dated to the Paleolithic. On the dunes near the Warta river in Konin various ancient flint tools and implements were found, among them knives, burins, and tanged points. These earliest artefacts belong to the Swiderian culture (Kultura świderska) from 9000 - 8000 BC.
The beginnings of permanent settlements near Konin were connected with the Amber Route leading from the Roman Empire to the Baltic Sea through the area of present-day town. Though there was no settlement called Konin at that time, valuable record about the place remained on map drawn by Ptolemy. The place was described as Setidava (or Getidava), a Dacian name using the form "-dava" and indicated probably a wading place in the Warta river, and an emporium - probably quite important place to merchants travelling along the Amber Route (information derived from Kalisz-Konin on The Amber Route written by Krzysztof Gorczyca). The biggest burial ground from that time was situated on the dunes, on the west from the centre of today's Konin and it belonged to the Przeworsk culture (Kultura Przeworska) (2nd to 3rd centuries AD).

wn.com/Konin
Koszalin
Koszalin [kɔˈʂalʲin] ( listen) Kashubian: Kòszalëno; (German: Köslin [kœsˈliːn]; Latin: Cussalin) is the largest city of Middle Pomerania in north-western Poland. It is located 12 km south of the Baltic Sea coast. Koszalin is also a county-status city and capital of Koszalin County of West Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999. Previously, it was a capital of Koszalin Voivodeship (1950–1998).
Koszalin is first mentioned in 1108 in the Chronicle of Greater Poland (Kronika Wielkopolska) describing that duke Boleslaw Krzywousty has captured and subjugated multiple Pomeranian cities including Kołobrzeg, Kamień, Wolin and Koszalin Colibregensium, quam Caminensium, Veolinensium, Cosoniensium et munitissimarum alliarum. Although the name Cosoniensium seams to be corrupt and questioned by some researchers, the city is identified with Koszalin by top historians including Józef Spors, W.Kowalenko, B.Kurbisówna and Martin Wehrmann.
In 1214 Bogislaw II, Duke of Pomerania, made a donation of a village known as Koszalice/Cossalitz by Chełmska Hill in Kołobrzeg Land (una villa ... Cussalitz iuxta Cholin in terra Cholbergensis) to the Premonstratensian (Norbertine) monastery in Białoboki (Belbuck) near Trzebiatów (Treptow an der Rega). New, mostly German, settlers from outside of Pomerania were invited to settle the territory. In 1248 the eastern part of Kołobrzeg Land, including the village, was transferred by Duke Barnim I to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kammin.

wn.com/Koszalin
Kraków
Kraków (Polish pronunciation: [ˈkrakuf] ( listen)) also Cracow, or Krakow (English /ˈkrækaʊ/), is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River (Polish: Wisła) in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life and is one of Poland's most important economic hubs. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1569; the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth from 1569 to 1596; the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918; and Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second most important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was already being reported as a busy trading centre of Slavonic Europe in 965. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. The city has a population of approximately 760,000 whereas about 8 million people live within a 100 km radius of its main square.

wn.com/Kraków
Kłodzko
Kłodzko [ˈkwɔt͡skɔ] ( listen) (Czech: Kladsko; German: Glatz; Latin: Glacio) is a town in south-western Poland, in the region of Lower Silesia. It is situated in the centre of the Kłodzko Valley, on the Nysa Kłodzka river.
Kłodzko is the seat of Kłodzko County (and of the rural Gmina Kłodzko, although the town itself is a separate urban gmina), and is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975–1998 it was in the former Wałbrzych Voivodeship). With 28,250 inhabitants (2006), Kłodzko is the main commercial centre as well as an important transport and tourist node for the area. For its historical monuments it is sometimes referred to as "Little Prague" (German: Klein-Prag). Culturally and traditionally a part of Bohemia, administratively it has been a part of Silesia since 1763.
The area of present-day Kłodzko has been populated at least since the 1st century BC. There are several archaeological sites both in and around the town that indicate that there must have been a settlement located on the ancient Amber Road that conducted extensive trade relations with the Roman Empire.

wn.com/Kłodzko
Legnica
Legnica [lɛɡˈɲit͡sa] ( listen) (former Lignica, German: Liegnitz, Czech: Lehnice, Latin: Lignitium) is a town in south-western Poland, in Silesia, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the plain of Legnica, riverside: Kaczawa (left tributy of the Oder) and Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county. Since 1992 the city is the seat of the Diocese of Legnica.
As of 31 December 2009 (2009 -12-31)^[update] Legnica has 104,178 inhabitants and is the third largest city in the voivodeship (after Wrocław and Wałbrzych) and 38th in Poland. It also constitutes the southernmost and the largest urban center of Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy with agglomeration of 448.617 inhabitants. Legnica is the largest city of the Legnicko-Głogowski Okręg Miedziowy conurbation. Legnica is a member of the Association of Polish Cities.
The area of Legnica was at the intersection of travel routes of Celtic and East Germanic tribes. Tacitus in his Germania and Ptolemy recorded the Lugii (Lygii) in Magna Germania, and mentioned their town of Lugidunum, which has been attributed to both Legnica and Głogów. When the East Germanic tribes left for southern Europe, West Slavic tribes moved in and were the first group to settle it permanently.

wn.com/Legnica
Leżajsk
Leżajsk [ˈlɛʐai̯sk] (full name The Free Royal Town of Leżajsk, Polish: Wolne Królewskie Miasto Leżajsk; Ukrainian: Лежайськ, Lezhais’k; Yiddish: ליזשענסק-Lizhensk) is a town in southeastern Poland with 14,127 inhabitants (02.06.2009). It has been situated in the Subcarpathian Voivodship since 1999 and is the capital of Leżajsk County. Leżajsk is famed for its Bernadine basilica and monastery, built by the architect Antonio Pellacini. The basilica contains a highly regarded pipe organ from the second half of the 17th century and organ recitals take place there. Leżajsk is also home of the Leżajsk brewery. The Jewish cemetery in Leżajsk is a place of pilgrimage for Jews from all over the world, who come to visit the tomb of Elimelech, the great 18th century Hasidic Rebbe. The town is crossed by a forest creek, ‘Jagoda’.

Coordinates: 50°16′N 22°25′E / 50.267°N 22.417°E / 50.267; 22.417

wn.com/Leżajsk
Lubań
Lubań [ˈlubaɲ] (German: Lauban) is a town in southwest Poland north of the Jizera Mountains on the Kwisa river, with 22,137 inhabitants (2006). Situated within the historic Upper Lusatia region, it today belongs to the Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975–1998 it was in the former Jelenia Góra Voivodeship). The town is the seat of Lubań County and also of the smaller administrative district called Gmina Lubań (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town is a separate urban gmina in its own right).
In the 9th and 10th century AD Lubań was a small settlement established by the West Slavic Milceni tribe, whose lands from 927 on were conquered by German king Henry the Fowler and incorporated into the marca Geronis in 939. In 965 the Milceni territory became part of the Margraviate of Meissen. In 1156 Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa vested his ally Duke Vladislaus II of Bohemia with the former Milceni territory around Bautzen, that later would be called Upper Lusatia.

wn.com/Lubań
Lublin
Coordinates: 51°14′N 22°34′E / 51.233°N 22.567°E / 51.233; 22.567
Lublin [ˈlublʲin] ( listen) (Ukrainian: Люблін, Liublin, Yiddish: לובלין Lublin) is the ninth largest city in Poland, and the second largest city of Lesser Poland. It is the capital of Lublin Voivodeship (province) with a population of 350,392 (June 2009). Lublin is also the largest Polish city east of the Vistula River. Lublin was a candidate for the title of European Capital of Culture in 2016. Lublin is situated around 170 km (105 miles) away from the capital, Warsaw.
The first permanent settlements on the Lublin site were established in the early Middle Ages, though archeological finds indicate a long, earlier presence of various cultures in the general area. The earliest, most significant settlement began in the 6th century, on a hill located in the suburb of Czwartek (in Polish Thursday, most likely in reference to the market day of the settlement). It is likely that the surrounding hills, notably the site of the present day Old Town, were also settled at around this time. In the 10th and 11th centuries the Czwartek settlement developed into an important trade centre. The location of Lublin at the eastern borders of the Polish lands gave it a military significance. The first fortification on the site may have been built as early as the 8th century, possibly on the Castle Hill. Certainly at the end of the 10th century a significant fortification existed there. As the castle grew, the Old Town hill adjacent to it became the main focus of settlement, and the Czwartek settlement declined in relative importance. The castle became the seat of a Castellan, first mentioned in historical sources from 1224, but quite possibly present from the start of the 12th, or even 10th century. The oldest historical document mentioning Lublin dates from 1198, so the name must have come into general use some time earlier.

wn.com/Lublin
Lębork

Lębork ([ˈlɛmbɔrk]; Kashubian: Lãbòrg; German: Lauenburg in Pommern (help·info)) is a town on the Łeba and Okalica rivers in Middle Pomerania region, north-western Poland with some 37,000 inhabitants. Lębork is also the capital of Lębork County in Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, formerly in Słupsk Voivodeship (1975–1998).
It was located on previous Polish settlement named Łebno which was later Germanised into Lewin and Lewinburg by invading Teutonic Knights In 1341 Dietrich von Altenburg, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights, granted 100 Hufen (similar to hides) to Rutcher von Emmerich for the foundation of a town named Lewinburg (Lauenburg) with Kulm rights, presumably to secure the territory around Stolp (Słupsk). East of the city the Teutonic Order completed the Schloss Lauenburg, an Ordensburg castle, in 1363. After the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg) in 1410, the castle was partially destroyed. In 1440 the town joined the Prussian Confederation. The population of Lauenburg was composed for a large part of Kashubians or later Slovincians.

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Olsztyn
Olsztyn [ˈɔlʂtɨn] ( listen) (German: Allenstein ( listen); Old Polish: Holstin; Old Prussian: Alnāsteini; Lithuanian: Olštynas) is a city on the Łyna River in northeastern Poland. Olsztyn has been the capital of the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship since 1999. It was previously in the Olsztyn Voivodeship (and in other units in 1945–75 and 1975–98). The city has county status.
In 1346 the old Prussian Warmian forest in the vicinity was cleared and a place was selected on the Alle, now Łyna River, for a new settlement. The Teutonic Knights began the construction of Ordensburg castle in 1347 as a stronghold against the Old Prussians, and the settlement of Allenstein was first mentioned the following year. The German name Allenstein meant a castle on the Alle River. It became known in Polish transliteration as Olsztyn. The settlement received municipal rights from Johannes von Leysen on 31 October 1353, and the castle was completed in 1397. Allenstein was incorporated into the Kingdom of Poland during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War in 1410 and in 1414 during the Hunger War, but was returned to the monastic state of the Teutonic Knights after hostilities ended.

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Opole
Opole [ɔˈpɔlɛ] ( listen) (German: Oppeln, Silesian German: Uppeln, Silesian: Uopole) is a city in southern Poland on the Oder River (Odra). It has a population of 125,992 (June 2009) and is the capital of the Upper Silesia, Opole Voivodeship and, also the seat of Opole County. Today, many German Upper Silesians and Poles of German ancestry live in the Opole region; in the city itself, Germans make up less than 3% of population.
The name Opole likely originated from the medieval Slavic term for a group of settlements.
Opole's history begins in the 8th century. It this time, according to the archeological excavations, the first Slavic settlement was founded on the Ostrówek - the northern part of the Pasieka island in the middle of the Odra river. In the early 10th century it developed into one of the main gróds of the Slavic Opolanie. At the end of the century Silesia became part of Poland and was ruled by the Piast dynasty; the land of the pagan Opolanie was conquered by Duke Mieszko I in 992. From the 11th-12th centuries it was also a castellany. After the death of Duke Władysław II the Exile, Silesia was divided in 1163 between two Piast lines- the Wrocławska line in Lower Silesia and the Opolsko-Raciborska of Upper Silesia. Opole would became a duchy in 1172 and would share much in common with the Duchy of Racibórz, with which it was often combined. In 1281 Upper Silesia was divided further between the heirs of the dukes. The Duchy of Opole was temporarily reestablished in 1290.

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Ostrołęka
Ostrołęka [ɔstrɔˈwɛŋka] ( listen) is a town in northeastern Poland on the Narew river, about 120 km (75 mi) northeast of Warsaw, with a population of 53,982 (2008) and an area of 29 km² (11 sq. mls). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously capital of Ostrołęka Voivodeship (1975–1998). Currently capital of both Ostrołęka County and Ostrołęka City County. Until late 1980s, it used to be a local railroad junction, with four lines stemming from Ostrołęka railway station - eastwards to Łapy and Białystok, southwestwards to Tłuszcz and Warsaw, northwards to Wielbark and Olsztyn, and southwards to Małkinia.
Ostrołęka lies on a sand-mud plain on the left side of the Narew River. The name comes from a plain that was once flooded by the Narew during the spring. A small island is located about 1 kilometer (half a mile) from today's town centre. In the 11th or 12th century, there was a fort built on it, making it one of the few fortifications on or near the Narew. The fort was surrounded by a village now known as Ostrołęka. Ostrołęka was first mentioned in the Province Act of 1373, signed by Prince Ziemowit III. The actual date of the town's foundation is not precisely known, but it is known that by 1373, Ostrołęka was one of the biggest towns in the surrounding area.^{[citation needed]}

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Piła
Piła [ˈpʲiwa] (German: Schneidemühl) is a town in northwestern Poland. It had 77,000 inhabitants as of 2001. It is situated in the Greater Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously capital of Piła Voivodeship (1975–1998). Piła is the largest town in the northern part of Great Poland. It is the capital of Piła County. The town is located on the Gwda river and is famous for its green areas, parks and dense forests nearby. It is an important road and railway hub, located at the intersection of two main lines - Poznań - Szczecinek and Bydgoszcz - Krzyz.
Piła is a Polish word meaning "saw". This was a typical name denoting a village of woodcutters belonging to a local noble. The German name Schneidemühl means "sawmill".
Piła traces its origins to an old fishing village, according to the website of the city Following the German colonist movement of the 13th century, and particularly after the end of the 1241 Mongolian invasions, many German colonizers came to this densely wooded area of the Kingdom of Poland. General immigration of German settlers diminished, however, when Poland under Casimir IV Jagiellon (Kazimierz, 1447–92) defeated the Teutonic Order in 1466.

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Poland
Poland ⁱ/ˈpoʊlənd/ (Polish: Polska), officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Pòlskô Repùblika; Silesian: Polsko Republika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi), making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships. Poland is a member of the European Union, NATO, the United Nations, the World Trade Organization, the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), European Economic Area, International Energy Agency, Council of Europe, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, International Atomic Energy Agency, G6, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Visegrád Group, Weimar Triangle and Schengen Agreement.

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Poznań
Poznań [ˈpɔznaɲ] ( listen) (Latin: Posnania; German: Posen; Yiddish: פוזנא or פּױזן Poyzn) is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be the first capital of the kingdom of Poland.
Poznań is now Poland's fifth largest city. It is the historical capital of the Wielkopolska ("Greater Poland") region, and is currently the administrative capital of the province called Greater Poland Voivodeship.
Poznań is an important centre of trade, industry, and education, and hosts regular international trade fairs. It was the host city for the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2008, a key stage in the creation of a successor to the Kyoto Protocol. Poznań was a candidate city for European Capital of Culture in 2016. Poznań is currently bidding to host the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics. The local football team has been responsible for the spread of the eponymous goal celebration to Manchester City and to a lesser extent throughout the United Kingdom. Poznań is one of the host cities for UEFA Euro 2012.

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Przemyśl
Przemyśl ([ˈpʂɛmɨɕl] ( listen)) (Ukrainian: Перемишль, Peremyshl’) is a city in south-eastern Poland with 66,756 inhabitants, as of June 2009. In 1999, it became part of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship; it was previously the capital of Przemyśl Voivodeship.
Przemyśl owes its long and rich history to the advantages of its geographic location. The city lies in an area connecting mountains and lowlands known as the Przemyśl Gate, with open lines of transportation, and fertile soil. It also lies on the navigable San River. Important trade routes passed through Przemyśl and ensured the city's importance.
Different names in various languages have identified the city throughout its history. Selected languages include: Bulgarian: Пшемишъл (Pshemishl); German: Premissel; Latin: Premislia; Russian: Перемышль (P^jer^jemyshl^j); Ukrainian: Перемишль (Peremyshl^j); and Yiddish: פּשעמישל (Pshemishl).
Przemyśl, the second-oldest city in southern Poland (after Kraków), appears to date from as early as the 8th century. The region subsequently became part of the 9th-century Great Moravian state. Archeological remains testify to the presence of a monastic settlement as early as the 9th century. Upon the invasion of the Hungarian tribes into the heart of the Great Moravian Empire around 899, the Lendians of the area declared allegiance to the Hungarian authorities. The Przemyśl region then became a site of contention between Poland, Kievan Rus and Hungary beginning in at least the 9th century. The area was mentioned for the first time in 981 by Nestor, when Vladimir I of Kievan Rus took it over on the way into Poland. In 1018 Przemyśl returned to Poland, and in 1031 it was retaken by Rus. Between the 11th and 12th century the city was a capital of the Principality of Peremyshl, one of the principalities that made up the Kievan Rus' state. Sometime before 1218 an Eastern Orthodox eparchy was founded in the city. Przemyśl later became part of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia.

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Płock
Płock [pwɔt͡sk] ( listen) is a city in central Poland, on the Vistula river. According to the data provided by GUS on 30 June 2009 there were 126,675 inhabitants. It is located in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), having previously been the capital of the Płock Voivodeship (1975–1998). It now is a capital of a Powiat (county) at the extreme west of the Mazovian Voivodeship. In years: 1079 - 1138 Płock was capital of Poland. Płock is also a historical capital of Mazovia.
Płock was the capital city of Poland during the reign of the Polish monarchs Władysław I Herman and Bolesław III Krzywousty (1079–1138). It was also a seat of several of the Dukes of Masovia and one of the capitals of that state.
During the German occupation of Poland (1941 to 1945) it was named Schröttersburg, after the former Prussian Upper President Friedrich Leopold von Schrötter.
The Duke Capital City of Płock (Polish: Stołeczne Książęce Miasto Płock) is the official title of Płock used in ceremonial documents and for preserving traditions. It is the formal legal title included in the preamble to the City Statute of Płock. The title is a result of the fact that from 1079–1138 Płock was the capital of Poland. It performed this function during the reign of the Polish monarchs Władysław I Herman and Bolesław III Krzywousty.

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Rzeszów
Rzeszów [ˈʐɛʂuf] ( listen) (Ukrainian: Ряшiв, Riashiv; Russian: Ряшев; German: Reichshof; Latin: Resovia; Yiddish: ריישע-rayshe) is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley. The city, which was granted a town charter in 1354, has been the capital of the Subcarpathian Voivodeship since 1999, and is also the seat of Rzeszów County.
Rzeszów is served by an international airport, is a member of Eurocities, and is home to a number of higher education schools, company headquarters, and foreign consulates.
First humans appeared in the area of Rzeszów in late Paleolithic Age, as archeologists found a tool made in that period, discovered on site Rzeszów 25. In the mid-6th century BC, ancient farmers came to the area of the city, most likely through the Moravian Gate. Later on, Rzeszów was a settlement of the Lusatian culture, which then was replaced with the Przeworsk culture.
In the 5th century, first Slavs appeared in the area, which is confirmed by numerous archeological findings. Most probably, Rzeszów was then inhabited by the Vistulans. Some time between 11th and 13th century, the town was annexed by the Ruthenians, and Polish princes of the Piast dynasty confirmed it in 1264, when in Tarnów, there was a meeting of Prince Bolesław V the Chaste, and Prince Daniel of Galicia, during which both sides agreed that the border would go between Rzeszów and Czudec (Rzeszów belonged to Red Ruthenia, while Czudec and Strzyżów to Lesser Poland).

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Siedlce
Siedlce [ˈɕɛdlt͡sɛ] ( listen) (Yiddish: שעדליץ Shedlits, Russian: Седльце Sedl'tse (Latinized)) is a city in eastern Poland with 77,392 inhabitants (as of 2010^[update]). Situated in the Masovian Voivodeship (since 1999), previously the city was the capital of a separate Siedlce Voivodeship (1975–1998).
The city, which is part of the historical province of Lesser Poland, was most probably founded some time before 15th century and was first mentioned under the name of Siedlecz in a document of 1448. In 1503 Daniel Siedlecki erected a new village of the same name nearby and a church in the middle. In 1547 the town, created out of a merger of the two villages, was granted Magdeburg rights by King Sigismund the Old. Until 1807, when it was confiscated by the Russian authorities, it remained a private property of several notable magnate families, among them Czartoryski and Ogiński.
During the World War II more than 50% of all buildings in the city, including a historical city hall, were destroyed. The Jewish population perished in the Holocaust.

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Suwałki
Suwałki [suˈvau̯kʲi] ( listen) (Lithuanian Suvalkai) is a town in northeastern Poland with 69,340 inhabitants (2008). The Czarna Hańcza river flows through the town. It is the capital of Suwałki County and one of the most important centres of commerce in the Podlaskie Voivodeship^{[citation needed]}. Until 1999 the town was the capital of Suwałki Voivodeship. Suwałki is located about 30 km from the southwestern Lithuanian border. The town gives its name to the Polish protected area known as Suwałki Landscape Park.
The area of Suwałki had been populated by local Yotvingian and Prussian tribes since the early Middle Ages. However, with the arrival of the Teutonic Order to Yotvingia, their lands were conquered and remained largely depopulated in the following centuries.
17th Century

The village was founded by Camaldolese monks, who in 1667 were granted the area surrounding the future town by the Grand Duke of Lithuania and the King of Poland John II Casimir. Soon afterward the monastic order built its headquarters in Wigry, where a monastery and a church were built. The new owners of the area started fast economic exploitation and development of the forests and brought enough settlers (mainly from overpopulated Masovia) to build several new villages in the area. Also, production of wood, lumber, tar and iron ore was started. The village was first mentioned in 1688; two years later it was reported to have two houses.

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Szczawnica
Szczawnica [ʂt͡ʂavˈɲit͡sa] is a resort town in Nowy Targ County in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland. As of June 30, 2007, its population was 7,378.
Szczawnica is a well-known resort town since the mid nineteenth century. Due to the presence of alkali sorrel springs and favorable climatic conditions, many respiratory and digestive tract illnesses are treated there. In 2005 the popular local spa was officially returned by the Polish government to its prewar owners – Count Stadnicki family. The spa has almost two hundred year history. Its last private owner was Count Adam Stadnicki, whose grandson – Andrzej Mańkowski – is the founder of the new Uzdrowiskowe Museum being fitted in the center of Szczawnica, at Dietl Square (2009). The museum of the Szczawnica resort aims to present more than 350 different types of artifacts associated with the local therapeutics, archival documents, drawings, plans of buildings, old photographs, postcards and books.
Szczawnica has many snow skiing trails and slopes. The longest (2 km) at Palenica, is fitted with the 4-chair ski lift and overhead lighting – capacity 2,200 people per hour. It is operated by a state agency.

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Szczecin
Szczecin ([ˈʂt͡ʂɛt͡ɕin] ( listen); German: Stettin [ʃtɛˈtiːn] ( listen)}), is the capital city of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship in Poland. In the vicinity of the Baltic Sea, it is the country's seventh-largest city and the largest seaport in Poland. As of June 2011 the population was 407,811.
Szczecin is located on the Oder River, south of the Szczecin Lagoon and the Bay of Pomerania. The city is situated along the southwestern shore of Dąbie Lake, on both sides of the Oder and on several large islands between the western and eastern branches of the river. Szczecin borders with the town of Police.
The city's beginnings were as an 8th century Slavic Pomeranian stronghold, built at the site of today's castle. In the 12th century, when Szczecin had become one of Pomerania's main urban centres, it lost its independence to Piast Poland, Saxony, the Holy Roman Empire and Denmark. At the same time, the Griffin dynasty established themselves as local rulers, the population was converted to Christianity, and German settlers arrived. The native Slavic population was assimilated and sometimes discriminated against in the following centuries. In 1237/43, the town was built anew and granted vast autonomy rights, and it joined the Hanseatic League.

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Słupsk
Słupsk [swupsk] ( listen) (German: Stolp, Kashubian: Stôłpsk or Słëpsk, Latin: Stolpa) is a city in the Pomeranian Voivodeship, in the northern part of Poland. Before 1 January 1999, it was the capital of the separate Słupsk Voivodeship. It is also a part of the historic region of Pomerania.
The city is located in the northwestern part of the country, on the Slovincian Coast, 18 kilometres (11 mi) from the Baltic Sea on the Słupia River. It is the administrative seat of Słupsk County, although it is not part of that county (the city has county status in its own right). It has a population of 98,757 and occupies 43.15 square kilometres (16.66 sq mi), being one of the most densely populated cities in the country according to the Central Statistical Office. The neighbouring administrative districts (gminas) are Gmina Kobylnica and Gmina Słupsk. There is ongoing discussion regarding extension of the city boundaries to include some territory belonging to those two gminas.
Słupsk had its origins as a Slavic Pomeranian settlement on the Słupia river in early Middle Ages, which later became part of Piast Poland. In 1265 it was given city rights. By the 14th century, the town had become a centre of local administration and trade and a Hanseatic League associate. Between 1368 and 1478, it was the residence of the Dukes of Pomerania. In 1648, according to the peace treaty of Osnabrück, Słupsk became part of Brandenburg-Prussia. In 1815 it was incorporated into the newly formed Province of Pomerania. The city became part of the People's Republic of Poland in 1945.

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Tarnów
Tarnów (pronounced: Tahr-noof [ˈtarnuf] ( listen)) (German: Tarnau, Ukrainian: Тарнів, Tarniv, Yiddish: טארנא, Torna) is a city in southeastern Poland with 115,341 inhabitants (metro area 312,000 inhabitants) as of June 2009. The city has been situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship since 1999, but from 1975 to 1998 it was the capital of the Tarnów Voivodeship. It is a major rail junction, located on the strategic east-west connection from Lwów to Kraków. Also, from Tarnów two additional lines stem - a southwards main line to the Slovakian border via Stróże, as well as a minor northwards line to Szczucin (now defunct).
The first recorded mention of Tarnów was in 1125. In 1264 Daniel of Galicia and Bolesław V the Chaste met in the town to establish the borders of their domains. It was granted city rights on March 7, 1330 by Władysław I the Elbow-high. At the time it was owned by Spycimir Leliwita (Leliwa coat of arms). In the 13th century, numerous German settlers immigrated from Kraków and Nowy Sącz. During the 16th century Scottish immigrants began to come in large numbers (Dun, Huyson, and Nikielson). In 1528 the exiled King of Hungary János Szapolyai lived in the town. It was annexed by Habsburg Austria in 1772 during the First Partition of Poland. The Diocese of Tarnów was formed in 1785.

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Wałbrzych
Wałbrzych [ˈvau̯bʐɨx] ( listen) (German: Waldenburg, Czech: Valbřich or Valdenburk) is a city in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland, with 120,197 inhabitants (31 December 2010). From 1975–1998 it was the capital of Wałbrzych Voivodeship; it is now the seat of Wałbrzych County. Wałbrzych is by far the largest city in Poland that does not itself form a separate county (powiat), having given up that status in 2003. (The next largest such town is Inowrocław, population 77,313.) Wałbrzych lies approximately 70 kilometres (43 mi) south-west of the regional capital Wrocław, and about 10 km from the Czech border.
According to the official page of the city the early Polish name of the settlement was named "Lasogród". The German name Waldenburg (meaning "forest castle") refers to the castle Nowy Dwór, whose ruins stand south of the city; the name came to be used for the entire settlement. It first appeared in 15th century coming from the words Wald ‘forest’ and Berg ‘mountain’ later associated with castle The modern Polish name for the settlement "Wałbrzych" comes from the German name Walbrich, a late medieval linguistic variation of the older names "Wallenberg" or "Walmberg".

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Wrocław
Wrocław ( /ˈvrɒtswəf/; Polish pronunciation: [ˈvrɔt͡swaf] ( listen); German: Breslau [ˈbʁɛslaʊ̯] ( listen); Czech: Vratislav), situated on the River Oder (Polish: Odra), in Lower Silesia. It is the largest city in western Poland.
Wrocław was the historical capital of Silesia, and today is the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Over the centuries, the city has been part of either Poland, Bohemia, Austria, Prussia, or Germany, and has been part of Poland since 1945 as a result of border changes after World War II. According to official figures for 2010, its population is 632,996, making it the fourth largest city in Poland.
Wrocław is one of the hosts of UEFA Euro 2012, and has been selected as a European Capital of Culture for 2016. In 2017, Wrocław will host the World Games, a competition in 37 non-olympic sport disciplines.
The city's name was first recorded, in Latin, in the form "Wrotizlava", in the chronicle of Thietmar of Merseburg, which mentions it as a seat of a newly installed bishopric in the context of the Congress of Gniezno. The first municipal seal stated Sigillum civitatis Wratislavie. A simplified name is given, in 1175, as Wrezlaw, Prezla or Breslaw. The Czech spelling was used in Latin documents as Wratislavia or Vratislavia. At that time, Prezla was used in Middle High German, which became Preßlau. In the middle of the 14th century the Early New High German (and later New High German) form of the name Breslau began to replace its earlier versions.

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Włocławek
Włocławek [vwɔt͡sˈwavɛk] ( listen) (German: Leslau from 1939–45) is a town in northern Poland on the Vistula (Wisła) and Zgłowiączka rivers, with a population of 117,785 (June 2009). It is situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship and until 1999 was the capital of Włocławek Voivodeship.
Historians have given a number of years for the establishment of the town since the 16th century. Part of the confusion is the various attribution of the city's namesake as Władysław II the Exile, his grandfather Władysław I Herman, or Vladislav II of Bohemia.
An assistant to the Archbishop of Gniezno is mentioned residing in the town in 1123 and the Diocese of Włocławek (Latin: Vladislaviensis) in Kuyavia was first mentioned in a bull issued by Pope Eugene III in 1148. The first bishop of Włocławek, whose name appears in the bull, was Warner, and he was followed by an Italian named Onoldius. The diocese was also recorded as "Włocławek and Pomerania" (Vladislaviensis et Pomeraniae).
Włocławek received its town rights in 1255. In the 14th and 15th century, the city was destroyed or captured several times by German knights, who called it Leslau^{[citation needed]}. Peace arrived with the Treaty of Thorn in 1466 and the city prospered from its involvement in the Polish grain trade. In 1657, a Swedish invasion during the Second Northern War partially destroyed the city. After the Second Partition of Poland in 1793, Włocławek fell to Prussia. The Congress of Vienna restored it to Congress Poland, but it was occupied by Russia in 1831. The city was again destroyed during the German offensive during the First World War.

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Włoszczowa
Włoszczowa [vwɔʂˈt͡ʂɔva] ( listen) is a town in Poland, in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, about 50 km west of Kielce. It is the capital of Włoszczowa County. Population is 10,756 (2004).

Twin towns - Sister cities IllintsiUkraine Coordinates: 50°51′10″N 19°58′00″E / 50.85278°N 19.9666667°E / 50.85278; 19.9666667

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Zamość
Zamość ([ˈzamɔɕt͡ɕ]; Ukrainian: Замостя Zamostia) is a town in southeastern Poland with 66,633 inhabitants (2004), situated in the south-western part of Lublin Voivodeship (since 1999), about 90 km (55.92 mi) from Lublin, 247 km (153.48 mi) from Warsaw and 60 km (37.28 mi) from the border with Ukraine. About 20 kilometres from the town is the Roztocze National Park.
Before the outbreak of World War II, more than 12,500 Jews lived in Zamosc, accounting for 43 percent of its population. The current Jewish population is 3.
The historical city centre was added to the UNESCO World Heritage List (in 1992) as a result of the decision taken during the sixteenth ordinary session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA, from 7 to 14 December 1992.

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Zgorzelec
Zgorzelec [zɡɔˈʐɛlɛt͡s] (German: Görlitz, Upper Sorbian: Zhorjelc) is a town in south-western Poland with 33,278 inhabitants (2004). It lies in Lower Silesian Voivodeship (from 1975–1998 it was in the former Jelenia Góra Voivodeship). It is the seat of Zgorzelec County, and also of the smaller district of Gmina Zgorzelec (although it is not part of the territory of the latter, as the town is an urban gmina in its own right). Zgorzelec is located on the Lusatian Neisse river, on the post-1945 Polish-German Neisse border adjoining the German town of Görlitz, of which it constituted the eastern part up to 1945.
Up until 1945, the modern-day towns of Zgorzelec and Görlitz were a single entity; their history up to that point is shared.
The date of the town's foundation is unknown. It was first mentioned in 1071. At that time Görlitz was a small village named Gorelic in the region of Lusatia, which soon after became a part of Bohemia. In the 13th century the village gradually turned into a town. It became rich due to its location on the Via Regia, an ancient and medieval trade road.

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Zielona Góra
Zielona Góra [ʑeˈlɔna ˈɡura] ( listen) (German: Grünberg in Schlesien) is a city in Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland, with 117,557 inhabitants within the city limits (June 2009) and 294,000 inhabitants within the metropolitan area, including three neighbouring counties (2005).
Zielona Góra has been in Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999, prior to which it was the capital of Zielona Góra Voivodeship from 1950–1998. It is the seat of Lubusz Voivodeship's elected assembly (sejmik) and executive (the seat of the centrally-appointed governor or voivode being Gorzów Wielkopolski). The city's name, in both Polish, Czech, and German, means "green mountain".
The first settlement in the area of Zielona Góra was built in the valley near the Złota Łącza stream during the reign of Polish ruler Mieszko I. The oldest settlement was agricultural and later developed into a trading point along routes from Poznań to Żagań and further to Łużyce. The written records of the Slavic settlement date to 1222 and an increase of its population by Henryk Brodaty. Other documents date the settlement to 1302.

wn.com/Zielona_Góra
Łobez
Łobez [ˈwɔbɛs] ( listen) (German: Labes) is a town in Poland, in West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is the capital of Łobez County, and has a population of 10,657 (2005).
Łobez lies upon the Rega river.
The name Łobez comes from the Old Polish łobuzie (meaning "bushes").
Łobez was first mentioned in a document from 1271, according to which a knight named Borko was the owner of the city. In 1295, Łobez received rights as a city.
Łobez is twinned with:
Coordinates: 53°38′N 15°37′E / 53.633°N 15.617°E / 53.633; 15.617

wn.com/Łobez
Łódź
Łódź ([wut͡ɕ] ( listen); Yiddish: לאדז', Lodzh) is the third-largest city in Poland. Located in the central part of the country, it had a population of 742,387 in December 2009. It is the capital of Łódź Voivodeship, and is approximately 135 kilometres (84 mi) south-west of Warsaw. The city's coat of arms is an example of canting: depicting a boat, it alludes to the city's name which translates literally as "boat".
Łódź first appears in the written record in a 1332 document giving the village of Łodzia to the bishops of Włocławek. In 1423 King Władysław Jagiełło granted city rights to the village of Łódź. From then until the 18th century the town remained a small settlement on a trade route between Masovia and Silesia. In the 16th century the town had fewer than 800 inhabitants, mostly working on the nearby grain farms.
With the second partition of Poland in 1793, Łódź became part of the Kingdom of Prussia's province of South Prussia, and was known in German as Lodsch. In 1798 the Prussians nationalised the town, and it lost its status as a town of the bishops of Kuyavia. In 1806 Łódź joined the Napoleonic Duchy of Warsaw and in 1810 it had 190 inhabitants. In the 1815 Congress of Vienna treaty it became part of Congress Poland, a client state of the Russian Empire.

wn.com/Łódź
Świnoujście
Świnoujście [ɕfʲinɔˈui̯ɕt͡ɕɛ] ( listen) (German: Swinemünde) is a city and seaport on the Baltic Sea and Szczecin Lagoon, located in the extreme north-west of Poland. It is situated mainly on the islands of Uznam and Wolin, but also occupies smaller islands, of which the largest is Karsibór island, once part of Usedom, now separated by a Piast canal (formerly the Kaiserfahrt) dug in the late 19th century to facilitate ship access to Szczecin (Stettin).
Since 1999 Świnoujście has been a city with the administrative rights of a county (powiat) (Polish: miasto na prawach powiatu), within West Pomeranian Voivodeship. It was previously part of Szczecin Voivodeship (1975–1998). The city lies in the geographic region of Pomerania and had a population of 41,100 in 2006.
The first human settlements, in areas that are now Świnoujście appeared 5 thousand years ago, as confirmed by archaeological findings. For a thousand years the estuary of the river was part of the state of the Świnoujście who were annexed by Polish ruler Mieszko I. In later centuries local Pomeranian princes ruled the area, and on both sides of the river they built fortified castles, which were destroyed several times by the Danish invasions in the twelfth century in 1170 and 1173.

wn.com/Świnoujście
Żagań
Żagań [ˈʐaɡaɲ] (French and German: Sagan) is a town on the Bóbr river in western Poland, with 26,253 inhabitants (2010). Historically the seat of the Silesian Dukes of Sagan, the town is the capital of Żagań County. Previously in the Zielona Góra Voivodeship (1975–1998), Żagań has been in the Lubusz Voivodeship since 1999.
The town's name probably means "place of the burnt forest" (pol. żegać, żagiew): probably referring to the burning of primaeval forest by early settlers. If this is correct, it is consistent with the names of nearby places: Żary, Zgorzelec, Pożarów.
Żagań, first mentioned in a 1202 deed, then belonged the Duchy of Lower Silesia at Wrocław under the rule of the Piast duke Henry I the Bearded. In 1251 it was part of the newly created Duchy of Głogów under Henry's grandson Konrad I. After Konrad's death in 1274, his heirs again divided the duchy and the castle of Żagań became the residence of his youngest son Przemko of Ścinawa, Duke of Żagań from 1278, who established a monastery of the Augustinian Canons here. Thus the Duchy of Żagań came into the existence. In 1284 he swapped his estates for the Duchy of Ścinawa and was succeeded by his elder brother Konrad II the Hunchback. When Konrad II died in 1304, all the former Głogów estates were reunified under his surviving brother Henry III.

wn.com/Żagań

Fakty RMF FM o Marihuanie.. ! :)

Fakty RMF FM o Marihuanie, posłuchajcie sami! www.rmf.fm...

published: 21 Apr 2009

author: Hirsutus

RMF FM

...

published: 21 Jan 2009

author: shiZelZaZyZel

RMF FM HISTORIA

Historia Radia RMF FM część1...

published: 01 Dec 2009

author: PBTEAMstudio

Jingle RMF FM z lat 1990-2009 cz 1z3

Chciałem zrobić krótki zbiór jingli RMF FM ale nie udało sie wyszedł dłuuuuuuuuuugi zbiór ...

published: 17 Jan 2010

author: aandrut1995

RMF FM - katastrofa samolotu prezydenckiego

Informacje o tragedii samolotu prezydenckiego nadane przez RMF FM w dniu 10 kwietnia 2010...

published: 11 Apr 2010

author: filczyk

RMF FM - jingle (od 2008)

Jingle radia RMF FM obowiązujące od 2008 roku....

published: 14 Feb 2010

author: peterdcRadio

RMF FM Muzyka najlepsza pod słońcem

Album z największymi przebojami na lato już w sklepach...

published: 11 Jul 2011

author: emimusicpoland

RMF FM - Fakty (11.09.2001, godz. 15:00)

Pełne wydanie Faktów RMF FM z 11 września 2001, z godziny 15:00....

published: 17 Feb 2010

author: peterdcRadio

RMF FM ma 10 lat - dokument (TVP1 "Oblicza Mediów")

Dokument ten został wyemitowany przez TVP1 w styczniu 2000r., kiedy to sieć RMF obchodziła...

published: 23 Jul 2009

author: TadeuszWajcheprzeusz

RMF FM Jingle 1

...

published: 07 Aug 2009

author: DonnC5

Jeszcze unia nie zginęła póki my płacimy - Tomasz Olbratowski 13.12.2011

Czyli bankowładztwo i kredytozdzierstwo. Felieton Tomasza Olbratowskiego w RMF FM...

published: 13 Dec 2011

author: Roshoffa Landrynka

Co usłyszycie w Faktach RMF FM? - 2 Stycznia 2013

Zapraszają dziennikarze RMF FM : Magdalena Wojtoń i Bogdan Zalewski...

published: 02 Jan 2013

author: RADIORMF

jay delano - Here Comes The Sun - RMF.FM Najlepsza Muzyka Zi

Freee Hiphopppp Musiccc jay delano - Here Comes The Sun - RMF.FM Najlepsza Muzyka Zima 2...

published: 27 Nov 2008

author: TrivLawn

Fakty RMF FM

...

published: 27 Jul 2009

author: commercialsgeek

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photo: AP / Emanuel Ekra

An Ivory Coast troop stands next to the belongings of people involved in a deadly stampede in Abidjan, Ivory Coast, Tuesday, Jan. 1 2013.

Stampede after fireworks kills 61 in Ivory Coast

The Guardian

01 Jan 2013

INZA BAKAYOKO. Associated Press= ABIDJAN, Ivory Coast (AP) — A crowd stampeded after leaving a New Year's fireworks show early Tuesday in Ivory Coast's commercial center, killing 61 people — many of them youths — and injuring more than 200, rescue workers said. The death toll was expected to rise, the officials said ... Issa Sako of the fire department rescue team.....(size: 8.1Kb)

photo: WN / Imran Nissar

Youth Brigade of Kashmir carry out a protest demonstration in Srinagar, India, on Monday 24, December 2012. As solidarity with Delhi gang-rape case. The protesters were demanding action against people involved in rape incidents across the country.

Indian gang rape: suspects to appear in court

The Daily Telegraph

03 Jan 2013

A gang of men accused of repeatedly raping a 23-year-old student on a moving bus in New Delhi in a deadly crime that repulsed the nation are to appear in court today for the first time. A British tourist join others in a candlelight vigil to mourn the death of a gang rape victim, in Kolkata, India Photo. AP. 3.52AM GMT 03 Jan 2013 ... Police have ordered a bone test to determine his age and whether he can stand trial in an adult court....(size: 11.3Kb)

photo: AP / Juan Karita

File - Argentina's President Cristina Fernandez, front, gestures during a ceremony honoring Bolivia's Independence heroines in Cochabamba, Bolivia, Wednesday, July 18, 2012.

Argentina reasserts claim over Falklands

Al Jazeera

04 Jan 2013

Argentine President Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner has released a public letter urging the United Kingdom to relinquish its control over the disputed Falkland Islands. ... The veterans delivered a letter addressed to the British Ambassador in Argentina, John Freeman, criticising the British government for refusing to discuss the sovereignty of the islands with the Argentine government ... 508 Source .. Al Jazeera and agencies. Share....(size: 19.6Kb)

photo: AP / Ng Han Guan

North Korean leader Kim Jong Un attends a ceremony to reopen the Kumsusan Palace of the Sun in Pyongyang, North Korea, on Monday, Dec. 17, 2012.

North Korea's leader calls for peace with South in New Year's speech

Pittsburgh Post-Gazette

02 Jan 2013

SEOUL -- In a domestically televised New Year's Day speech, North Korean supreme leader Kim Jong Un said he wanted to "remove confrontation" on this divided peninsula and called on "anti-reunification forces" in South Korea to cease their hostility toward the North. The lengthy address, which laid out the national goals for 2013, marked Mr ... Mr. Kim on Tuesday asked for a detente -- but with prerequisites that the conservative Ms ... ....(size: 3.2Kb)

photo: US Navy / HMC Josh Ives

U.S. Army Lt. Col. Mark Martin, right, civil affairs team lead for Provincial Reconstruction Team (PRT) Farah, shakes hands and laughs with Mawlawi Guhlam M. Ruhaani, director of Hajj and Endowment, at the conclusion of a key leader engagement in Farah City, Dec. 29, 2012.

US working hard to have support for Afghan reconciliation

Zeenews

03 Jan 2013

Washington. Aiming to get cooperation through dialogue, the US said that it is working hard to create an environment within Afghanistan and also in the region to have support for Afghan-Afghan reconciliation ... Responding to questions, Nuland said the US supports an Afghan-led process of reconciliation ... Saying that Pakistan needs to engage with Afghanistan directly, Nuland said the US supports dialogue between the two ... PTI ... First Published....(size: 2.3Kb)

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Terror attack on Polish president foiled

Newstrack India

21 Nov 2012

"He was preparing an explosion that would have targeted the lives of many people," a Polish prosecutors' spokesman told RMF FM radio station ... The targets also included the government and parliament, government spokesman Pawel Gras told TOK FM radio ......(size: 2.4Kb)

Polish Security Foiled Terror Attack on President

Novosti

20 Nov 2012

“He was preparing … an explosion that would have targeted the lives of many people,” a Polish prosecutors' spokesman told RMF FM radio station ... parliament, government spokesman Pawel Gras told TOK FM radio....(size: 1.1Kb)

BRS Media Launches RadioForward.com to help .Radio Move Forward not EBU Backwards.

San Francisco Chronicle

18 Jul 2012

http.//www.brsmedia.fm/GAC (.pdf) ... dotFM® & dotAM®, Brand Registry Services for media based .FM and .AM domains ... dotFM & dotAM have increasingly attracted premier social media ventures, streaming entrepreneurs and traditional broadcasters including Turntable.fm, Livestre.am, Radio Muzyka Fakty (rmf.fm), Instagr.am, Setlist.fm, Jazz.fm, Statigr.am, Shuffler.fm, Headliner.fm and thousands more....(size: 3.6Kb)

BRS Media Responds to Reports that EBU has Joined ICANN’s Governmental Advisory Committee.

San Francisco Chronicle

11 Jul 2012

Las Vegas' Mix 94.1 (mix941.fm), Poland's # 1 Radio Muzyka Fakty (rmf.fm), Clear Channel's Real Radio 104.1 (realradio.fm), Toronto's CJRT - JAZZ.FM 91 (jazz.fm), Radio B92 Belgrade Serbia (b92.fm), Internet Radio SKY.FM (sky.fm), Malaysia's #1 Hit Station Hitz.fm (hitz.fm), Bloomfield Hills High School WBFH 88.1 (wbfh.fm), Live ......(size: 3.5Kb)

BRS Media Celebrates 15th Year of Domain Innovation and Brand Registry Service with dotFM

Yahoo Daily News

09 Apr 2012

The .FM TLD has some of the most recognizable and Innovative brands in streaming and social media today ... dotFM has increasingly attracted premier social media ventures, streaming entrepreneurs and traditional broadcasters including Turntable.fm, Blip.fm, Skyrock.fm, Setlist.fm, Jazz.fm, Digster.fm, RMF.fm, Shuffler.fm, Coca-Cola.fm, B92.fm, Headliner.fm and thousands more....(size: 3.4Kb)

Poles talk about CIA prison, breaking silence

Newsday

31 Mar 2012

WARSAW, Poland - (AP) -- For years, the notion that Poland could allow the CIA to operate a secret prison in a remote lake region was treated as a crackpot idea by the country's politicians, journalists and the public. A heated political debate this week reveals how dramatically the narrative has changed ... President took against terrorists ... "About a CIA prison in Poland, if it existed, I didn't know," Cimoszewicz said on Radio RMF FM ... ....(size: 6.3Kb)

Poles talk about CIA prison‚ breaking silence

The Himalayan

31 Mar 2012

  . Added At. 2012-03-31 5.20 PM. Last Updated At. 2012-03-31 5.20 PM. The Himalayan Times - Saved Articles(s). The headlines has been added to your saved article(s). To View your saved article(s)please Click Here ». Close --> Share .. AP. In this Dec ... --> -->. WARSAW ... President George W ... "About a CIA prison in Poland, if it existed, I didn't know," Cimoszewicz said on Radio RMF FM ... ....(size: 9.6Kb)

CIA Secret Prison: Polish Leaders Break Silence About Black Site

Huffington Post

31 Mar 2012

WARSAW, Poland -- For years, the notion that Poland could allow the CIA to operate a secret prison in a remote lake region was treated as a crackpot idea by the country's politicians, journalists and the public. A heated political debate this week reveals how dramatically the narrative has changed ... President George W ... Former U.S ... "About a CIA prison in Poland, if it existed, I didn't know," Cimoszewicz said on Radio RMF FM ... ___ ... ....(size: 8.3Kb)

Polish hackers continue web attacks in protest at piracy law

m&c;

24 Jan 2012

Members of the Polish branch of internet freedom group Anonymous and hacker group Polish Underground have been attacking government websites since the weekend ... 'All European states have signed (the law),' the minister in charge of internet affairs, Michal Boni, told the radio station RMF FM Tuesday ... ....(size: 1.4Kb)

Poland to question Russian ex-prosecutor in gambling scandal

Novosti

03 Jan 2012

  ... . “Today Alexander I ... . Ignatenko had been put on the international wanted list in November 2011 after Russian investigators established his alleged involvement in covering up an illegal gambling ring outside Moscow, Polish radio station RMF FM said. ... ... ... ... . ....(size: 1.7Kb)

Poland's internal security detained Ignatenko

Novosti

02 Jan 2012

ABW (Poland's internal security) officers detained on Monday former Moscow Region first deputy prosecutor who was put on the international wanted list in November 2011, Polish radio station RMF FM reported ...  . ....(size: 1.1Kb)

Poland to lend €6 billion ($7.8 billion) to IMF

Buffalo News

19 Dec 2011

Rostowski's comments, made Monday on the radio station RMF FM, follow a European Union summit earlier this month where leaders agreed to add up to klm200 billion ......(size: 0.8Kb)

Poland to lend €6 billion to International Monetary Fund to help solve eurozone crisis

The Washington Post

19 Dec 2011

Rostowski’s comments, made Monday on the radio station RMF FM, follow a European Union summit earlier this month where leaders agreed to add up to €200 billion ($261.3 billion) to the IMF’s emergency reserves ......(size: 1.3Kb)

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RMF FM
Country	Poland
Availability	Poland
Slogan	"Najlepsza Muzyka, RMF FM" (The Best Music, RMF FM)
Owner	Bauer Verlagsgruppe
Launch date	January 15, 1990
Official website	www.rmf.fm

Radio RMF FM. Kia Sportage in Poznan.

Radio RMF FM. Seat Ibiza in Poznan.

Radio RMF FM. Mercedes & Seat Cordoba in Poznan.

RMF FM (Radio Muzyka Fakty FM, previously: Radio Małopolska Fun) - the most popular and the first commercial radio station in Poland. RMF FM started broadcasting on 15 January 1990 in Kraków. The current director is Tadeusz Sołtys. The radio is wholly owned by the German Bauer Verlagsgruppe.

Frequency FM in Poland [link]

City	Frequency	City	Frequency
Białogard	96,4	Łobez	91,3
Białystok	100,2	Łódź	93,5
Bielsko-Biała	89,2	Olsztyn	95,3
Bieszczady	101,1	Opole	95,3
Bydgoszcz	93,3	Ostrołęka	91,5
Częstochowa	105,9	Piła	96,6
Elbląg	92,6	Płock	94,3
Ełk	106,5	Poznań	94,6
Gdańsk	98,4	Przemyśl	103,4
Giżycko	102,0	Rabka	104,7
Gorzów Wielkopolski	96,1	Rzeszów	100,1
Iława	107,4	Siedlce	91,9
Jelenia Góra	100,8	Słupsk	100,9
Kalisz	98,0	Suwałki	95,1
Katowice	93,0	Szczawnica	103,2
Kielce	88,2	Szczecin	106,7
Kisielice	107,4	Świnoujście	101,2
Kluczbork	99,5	Tarnów	95,4
Kłodzko	101,6	Wałbrzych	102,9
Konin	98,9	Warszawa	90,6 / 91,0
Koszalin	89,3 / 104,9	Włocławek	94,3
Kraków	96,0	Włoszczowa	97,1
Legnica	96,1	Wrocław	92,9
Leżajsk	101,8	Zamość	107,7
Lębork	103,4	Zgorzelec	93,8
Lubań	93,8	Zielona Góra	106,4
Lublin	89,3	Żagań	94,8

External links [link]

RMF FM on web

This Poland-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

This article about a radio station in Europe is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

http://wn.com/RMF_FM

http://de.wn.com/RMF FM

http://pl.wn.com/RMF FM

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RMF_FM

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

For other people of the same name, see Amy MacDonald (disambiguation).

Amy Macdonald
Amy Macdonald at Rix FM Festival in Stockholm
Background information
Birth name	Amy Macdonald
Born	(1987-08-25) 25 August 1987 (age 24)
Origin	Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire, Scotland
Genres	Rock, Soft rock, Folk rock, Indie folk
Occupations	Singer, songwriter, musician
Instruments	Vocals, guitar, keyboard
Years active	2007–present
Labels	Vertigo, Mercury, Melodramatic Records
Website	www.amymacdonald.co.uk

Amy Macdonald (born 25 August 1987 in Bishopbriggs, East Dunbartonshire) is a Scottish recording artist. Macdonald rose to fame in 2007 with her debut album, This Is the Life (2007) and its fourth single, "This Is the Life". The single charted at number one in six different countries worldwide, and charted inside the top ten in another eleven countries worldwide.

The success of the single achieved Macdonald success in the American music market, where she was a guest on shows such as The Ellen DeGeneres Show and The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson in 2008, where she performed two singles from the album, leading her album, This Is the Life to reach ninety-two on the Billboard 200. In the European Union, This Is the Life reached number one in six European countries, including the United Kingdom, Denmark and the main European album charts. This is the Life has sold three million copies worldwide.

"Don't Tell Me That It's Over" was released in March 2010 as the lead off single from Macdonald's second studio album, A Curious Thing which was released on March 8, 2010.^[1] Five singles have since been released from A Curious Thing. The album's lead single, "Don't Tell Me That It's Over" was released worldwide on March 1, 2010 and this was followed by the release of a second single "Spark" on May 10, 2010. Further singles were released, with the third being "This Pretty Face" which was successful in European countries such as Germany, where MacDonald holds a strong fanbase. A further two singles were released, "Love Love" and "Your Time Will Come" which were both released in late 2010. Worldwide, A Curious Thing, the album has sold 1,000,000 copies worldwide.

Macdonald's third album, Life in a Beautiful Light, is to be released on 11 June 2012.^[2]

1 Early life
2 Career
3 Popularity in the United States
4 Artistry
- 4.1 Musical style
5 Personal life
6 Awards and nominations
7 Discography
8 References
9 External links

Early life [link]

Macdonald attended Bishopbriggs High School.^[3] She is a self-taught musician,^[4] playing her father's guitar after being inspired by Travis at the T in the Park Festival in 2000, where she heard Travis' song "Turn" and wanted to play it herself.^[5] She started playing in pubs and coffee houses around Glasgow at 15,^[6] including the Brunswick Cellars on Sauchiehall Street.^[7]

Career [link]

Breakthrough [link]

Amy Macdonald on stage at T On The Fringe After Party at The Caves, Edinburgh.

Macdonald sent a demo CD in response to an advertisement placed in the NME^[6] by a new production company set up by songwriters Pete Wilkinson and Sarah Erasmus.^[8]

In an interview with HitQuarters, Wilkinson said he was "literally aghast" at her songwriting abilities when first he heard Macdonald play the songs "This is the Life" and "Mr Rock n Roll".

I said, “Amy, who wrote those songs?” And she said, “I did.” I said, “No, you didn't,” giggling, hoping she really did. She said, “I bloody well did!” I told her she was extraordinarily talented, and the moment she sang those songs I remembered her voice and the hooks, which out of 500 [demos submitted] was a very good sign.

—Pete Wilkinson, ^[8]

Wilkinson then spent around eight or nine months recording demos with Amy at his home studio with a view to securing a record deal for his new client. In 2007, Macdonald signed a contract with Vertigo.

Macdonald received her first major press coverage when she questioned whether the 2007 winner of The X Factor, Leon Jackson, was suffering from tonsillitis, referring to it as "lazyitis". Macdonald had tonsillitis at the same time but still performed at Glasgow and at the BBC's Hogmanay Live show the same night.^[9]

[edit] This Is the Life (2007–2009)

Main article: This Is the Life (Amy Macdonald album)

Amy Macdonald, 2009

In 2007, Macdonald released her debut album, titled This Is the Life. The album sold 3 million copies, and reached #1 in the UK, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Denmark.^[10]^[11] The first single from the album, "Poison Prince", was only a limited release. The second single, "Mr. Rock and Roll", became Macdonald's first top 40 song charting at #12 in the United Kingdom. However the third single, "L.A.", missed the top 40 at #48, but managed #5 in the Scottish singles chart.

The fourth and most successful single, "This Is the Life", charted at #28 in the UK, but was #1 in five other European countries. The single was awarded Platinum in Germany and Belgium and Gold in Spain and Switzerland. The fifth single, "Run", gave Macdonald her second lowest chart position in the UK at #75. However, "Run" charted at #36 in Germany. The sixth and final single was the re-release of "Poison Prince", but charted at #148 in the UK, Macdonald's lowest chart position.

The album's track "Youth of Today" was chosen as the first single featured on Bebo/iTunes' "Free Single of the Week" program.^[12]

She appeared as a musical performing guest on British and foreign shows including The Album Chart Show, Loose Women, Friday Night Project, Taratata (France), and This Morning. She won the best newcomer award at the Silver Clef Awards.^[13]

[edit] A Curious Thing (2010–2011)

Main article: A Curious Thing

Macdonald outside the 02 Academy in Newcastle upon Tyne in 2010

Macdonald began writing songs for her second album in spring 2009, in a brief break from her touring commitments. For the first time she began poring through her old notebooks, looking at song ideas, unlike her debut which consists mainly of songs that she wrote straight away.^[14] Many of the tracks were inspired by real-life personalities or events from her everyday life. Contrary to some reports, she did not write "Spark" for murdered toddler James Bulger after watching a TV programme on his murder.^[15] "What Happiness Means To Me" is dedicated to her footballer fiancé Steve Lovell,^[16] while "An Ordinary Life" is inspired by the "Z-list celebs" she saw flocking around Scots-born Hollywood actor Gerard Butler at a party he held in Glasgow late 2009 to mark the opening of his film Law Abiding Citizen.^[14] There is also a track about Michael Jackson and one dedicated to her late grandparents.^[16] The tracks were recorded at Weller's BlackBarn Studios in Surrey.^[17]

Macdonald started working on her second album in the year of 2009.^[18] She said "Some of the sounds are just amazing and we've managed to persuade one of my favourite artists to whack some stuff down on them, but you'll have to wait and see."^[19] The second album, titled A Curious Thing, was released on 8 March 2010.^[20]

It was preceded by the release of the first single, "Don't Tell Me That It's Over", a week earlier on 1 March 2010. The single was released to UK radio on 11 January. Amy performed the new single on the Simon Mayo Show on BBC Radio 2 on the same day.^[21] "Don't Tell Me That It's Over" has been released to radio in countries like UK, Switzerland, Germany and France.^[22] The album's second single "Spark" was released on May 10, 2010^[23] on digital download format. Macdonald also confirmed that she would tour the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe in 2010.^[24]

The album's third single "This Pretty Face" was released on July 19, 2010. Also, Macdonald confirmed she would embark on a tour, entitled The Love Love Tour. Amy MacDonald is one of a number of artists who appear with Ray Davies in his 2010 album See My Friends. She sings with him on "Dead End Street".

[edit] Life in a Beautiful Light (2011–present)

Main article: Life in a Beautiful Light

In May 2011, it was confirmed by the Bournemouth Echo that Amy had already started 'planning to start work on her third album at the end of this year'.^[25] On 13 April 2012, Macdonald's official website confirmed the title of the album was Life in a Beautiful Light, and will be released on 11 June 2012.^[2] One song has been confirmed so far, entitled "Slow it Down", which was first played on the morning of 13 April on Zoe Ball's Radio 2 show, and released on Macdonald's Official YouTube account on 13 April.^[26]

Popularity in the United States [link]

MacDonald has moderate success in the United States music market. She has appeared on several US talk shows such as The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson (2008), where she performed "Mr. Rock and Roll" and also The Ellen DeGeneres Show (2008) where she performed her hit single, "This Is the Life".^[27]

Her debut album, This is the Life, reached #92 on the US Billboard 200.^[28] The single, "This is the Life" reached #25 on the US Billboard Triple-A Hot 100 singles charts.^[29]

Artistry [link]

Musical style [link]

Reviewers have described Amy as softly spoken but with a booming singing voice.^[30] Her vocal range is contralto.^[31]

Macdonald cites Travis as her biggest influence.^[32] Other influences include The Killers^[33] and the Libertines.^[34]

Personal life [link]

In 2008, Macdonald became engaged to football striker Steve Lovell.^[11]^[35]

Awards and nominations [link]

Macdonald won Best Newcomer at the 2008 Tartan Clef Awards^[36] and Best Newcomer at the 2008 Silver Clef Awards.^[37] In December 2008 she was voted "Scottish person of the year" by The Daily Record.^[38]

Macdonald performed, along with U2, at the German 2009 Echo Awards, where she won an award in the category "Best International Newcomer".^[39]^[40] She also won Best International Album and Best International Song at the 2009 Swiss Music Awards.^[41]

In 2010 Macdonald won "best album" for A Curious Thing, at the annual Tartan Clef awards on 20 November in Glasgow.^[42] Also, Macdonald won "best international album Rock/Pop" with A Curious Thing at the Swiss music awards in March 2011.^[43] Furthermore, Macdonald won "best international Rock/Pop Female" at the Echo Awards, beating celebrities such as: Adele, P!nk, Rihanna and Katy Perry.^[44]

Year	Award	Category	Result
2011	Swiss music awards	Best International Album Rock/Pop – 'A Curious Thing'	Won
2011	Echo Awards	Best International Rock/Pop Female	Won
2010	Tartan Clef Award	Best Album – 'A Curious Thing'	Won
2009	Swiss Music Awards	Best International Album – 'This Is The Life'	Won
	Swiss Music Awards	Best International Song – 'This Is The Life'	Won
	Echo Awards	Best Newcomer International	Won
		Best International Female	Nominated
		Single of the Year for "This Is the Life"	Nominated
	NRJ Music Awards	International Album of the Year for This Is the Life	Nominated
	NRJ Music Awards	International Revolution of the Year	Nominated
2008	Daily Record	Scottish Person of the Year	Won
2007	Silver Clef Award	Best Newcomer	Won

Discography [link]

Main article: Amy Macdonald discography

References [link]

^ Sweeney, Chris. The Sun (London). http://www.thesun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/scotlandfeatures/2815685/Amy-Macdonald-is-back-with-her-second-album.html.
^ ^a ^b "Life in a Beautiful Light". 13 April 2012. http://www.amymacdonald.co.uk/gb/news/2012-04-13/amy_is_back/. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ "Video week – Former Bishopbriggs High School pupil Amy Macdonald performs for Bishopbriggs Academy pupils at The Garage nightclub in Glasgow". The Herald. Newsquest (Herald & Times) Limited. http://www.theherald.co.uk/videoweek/Amy. Retrieved 4 August 2008. ^{[dead link]}
^ "Amy Macdonald – Official Biography". Amy MacDonald — The Official Site. http://www.amymacdonald.co.uk/gb/biography/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ Macdonald, Amy (16 August 2008). Studio Sessions – Amy MacDonald: A Self-Taught Scot. Interview with Scott Simon. National Public Radio. KGNU. Boulder, Colorado. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=93641042. Retrieved 6 September 2008.
^ ^a ^b "Pick up an autographed Amy Macdonald album and guitar pick now!". MTV Asia. 6 February 2009. Archived from the original on 20 April 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090420064237/http://www.mtvasia.com/Funstuff/Contests/AmyMacdonaldAlbum/. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
^ Carroll, Peter (18 December 2008). "Double date for Amy McDonald". The Glaswegian. http://www.theglaswegian.co.uk/entertainment-lifestyle/entertainment/2008/12/18/double-date-for-amy-mcdonald-102692-20979074/. Retrieved 20 June 2009.
^ ^a ^b "Interview With Manager Pete Wilkinson", HitQuarters, 15 June 2009.
^ Tonsillitis? More like lazy-itis – star Macdonald attacks X Factor's Leon over cancelled concert, 2 January 2008
^ "Amy Macdonald — This Is The Life". acharts.us. http://acharts.us/album/27139.
^ ^a ^b Lyons, Beverley (20 January 2010). "Susan Boyle did not deserve a Brits nomination, insists Amy Macdonald". The Daily Record. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/music-news/2010/01/20/susan-boyle-did-not-deserve-a-brits-nomination-insists-amy-macdonald-86908-21981045/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Bebo agrees deal with iTunes for music file sharing". brandrepublic.com/. 13 June 2007. http://www.brandrepublic.com/Digital/News/664073/Bebo-agrees-deal-iTunes-music-file-sharing/. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
^ "Top Silver Clef award for Oasis". BBC.co.uk. 4 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7489251.stm. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
^ ^a ^b "Amy Macdonald — Biography". Amymacdonald.co.uk. http://www.amymacdonald.co.uk/gb/biography/. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
^ "Music Interview Amy MacDonald". Digital Spy. 2010-07-16. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/interviews/a244513/amy-macdonald.html.
^ ^a ^b Sweeney, Chris (2010-01-20). "Amy Macdonald is back with her second album". London: The Sun. http://www.thesun.co.uk/scotsol/homepage/scotlandfeatures/2815685/Amy-Macdonald-is-back-with-her-second-album.html. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
^ "Amy Macdonald: I'm not thinking about marriage yet because it would mean taking break from my career". The Daily Record. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2010/02/05/amy-macdonald-i-m-not-thinking-about-marriage-yet-because-it-would-mean-taking-break-from-my-career-86908-22020062/. Retrieved 2010-03-04.
^ Kilkelly, Daniel (25 March 2009). "MacDonald ready to work on new album". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/a150626/macdonald-ready-to-work-on-new-album.html. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
^ "Amy Macdonald set to release new album next year". The Daily Record. 21 September 2009. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/2009/09/21/amy-macdonald-set-to-release-new-album-next-year-86908-21689388/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ Dingwall, John (5 February 2010). "Amy Macdonald: I'm not thinking about marriage yet because it would mean taking break from my career". The Daily Record. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2010/02/05/amy-macdonald-i-m-not-thinking-about-marriage-yet-because-it-would-mean-taking-break-from-my-career-86908-22020062/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Amy Macdonald: Glasgow gig will showcase new songs and there's new single in pipeline too". The Daily Record. 9 December 2009. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/music-news/2009/12/09/amy-macdonald-glasgow-gig-will-showcase-new-songs-and-there-s-new-single-in-pipeline-too-86908-21883853/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Amy McDonald readies up new single "Don’t Tell Me That It’s Over"". Loft965. 15 January 2010. http://loft965.com/2010/01/15/amy-mcdonald-readies-up-new-single-dont-tell-me-that-its-over/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ Bargiela, Sarah (13 May 2010). "Amy Macdonald — Spark". Entertainment Focus. http://www.entertainment-focus.com/music/articles/amy-macdonald-spark-0. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ "Amy’s touring the UK later this year!". Amymacdonald.co.uk. 8 April 2010. http://www.amymacdonald.co.uk/gb/news/2010-04-08/amys_touring_the_uk_later_this_year/. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ Meldrum, Neil (14 May 2011). "Amy MacDonald cheering on Cherries at play-off". Bournemouth Echo. http://www.bournemouthecho.co.uk/news/9027245.Amy_MacDonald_cheering_on_Cherries_at_play_off//. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ "Slow it Down". 14 April 2012. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3CYgQcw_Zc&feature=g-u-u&context=G25525afFUAAAAAAAAAA. Retrieved 14 April 2012.
^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm2744735/?ref=atw
^ http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/amy-macdonald/858545
^ http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/esearch/chart_display.jsp?cfi=851&cfgn=Singles&cfn=Triple+A&ci=3107455&cdi=10175111&cid=04%2F18%2F2009
^ Simpson, Dave (4 July 2007) "Amy Macdonald: The Lamp, Hull" Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 30 September 2007. "Although her speaking voice seems almost shy, her vocals fire singing bullets against the rear wall.".
^ Smith, Aidan (12 August 2007). "Chasing Amy". Scotland on Sunday. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-12967085.html. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Amy's first million". The Herald. 23 August 2008. http://www.heraldscotland.com/amy-s-first-million-1.834875. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "It's my passion". London: The Guardian. 10 May 2008. http://www.guardian.co.uk/lifeandstyle/2008/may/10/popandrock. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ Johnson, Emma (7 September 2007). "Amy Macdonald is causing a stir in the music world". Liverpool Daily Post. http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/liverpool-life-features/liverpool-arts/2007/09/07/amy-macdonald-is-causing-a-stir-in-the-music-world-64375-19750660/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Pop Star Amy MacDonald Falls For SPL Star". Sunday Mail. 17 February 2008. http://www.sundaymail.co.uk/tv-showbiz-news/entertainment-news/2008/02/17/pop-star-amy-macdonald-falls-for-spl-star-78057-20321658/. Retrieved 26 November 2008.
^ "Stars Will Shine For Charity's Big Night". Sunday Mail. 16 November 2008. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/2008/11/16/stars-will-shine-for-charity-s-big-night-78057-20898160/. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Amy MacDonald wins Newcomer | Silver Clef Awards". T5m.com. 28 July 2008. http://www.t5m.com/silver-clef-awards/amy-macdonald-wins-newcomer.html. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "HOT 100: The women to watch in 2009". DailyRecord.co.uk. 17 December 2008. Archived from the original on 1 April 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090401040326/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/showbiz-news/the-hot-100/page.cfm?headline=10-&method=full&objectid=20976837&siteid=86908. Retrieved 13 February 2009.
^ "Amy Macdonald snubbed by British awards but up for a gong in Germany". Daily Record. 27 January 2009. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/entertainment/2009/01/27/amy-macdonald-snubbed-by-british-awards-but-up-for-a-gong-in-germany-86908-21074059/. Retrieved 21 April 2009.
^ "Amy Macdonald Reacts To Echo Awards Nomination". popdirt.com. 26 January 2009. http://popdirt.com/amy-macdonald-reacts-to-echo-awards-nomination/71406. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "Amy, Stefanie und Züri West räumen ab" (in German). persoenlich.com. 20 February 2009. http://www.persoenlich.com/news/show_news.cfm?newsid=80649. Retrieved 16 February 2010.
^ "A Parents View". Tartan Clef. http://www.tartanclef.org/awards.php. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ "Swiss Music Awards 2011". Swissmusicawards.ch. http://www.swissmusicawards.ch/nominees. Retrieved 26 May 2011.
^ "Die Gewinner 2011". Echopop.de. http://www.echopop.de/die_gewinner_2011. Retrieved 26 May 2011.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Amy Macdonald

Amy Macdonald Official site
- Macdonald's pages on: YouTube MySpace Bebo Facebook
Amy MacDonald video interview at Hydro Connect Festival August 2008
T In The Park 2007 Interview at STV
"This Is the Life" Review at Insider Guides
Amy Macdonald Tour Review
Interview with manager Pete Wilkinson about Macdonald's discovery and development, HitQuarters June 2009

v t e Amy Macdonald

Discography

Studio albums	This Is the Life (2007) A Curious Thing (2010) Life in a Beautiful Light (2012)

Live albums	The Love Love Tour: Live from the UK (2011)

Singles	"Poison Prince" "Mr Rock & Roll" "L.A." "This Is the Life" "Run" "Don't Tell Me That It's Over" "Spark" "This Pretty Face" "Love Love" "Your Time Will Come" "Slow It Down"

Tours	This is the Life tour The Love Love tour

Related articles	Steve Lovell Vertigo

Persondata
Name	Macdonald, Amy
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	25 August 1987
Place of birth
Date of death
Place of death

http://wn.com/Amy_Macdonald

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http://cs.wn.com/Amy MacDonaldová

http://es.wn.com/Amy Macdonald

http://ru.wn.com/Макдональд, Эми

http://nl.wn.com/Amy Macdonald

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This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amy_Macdonald

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Maryla Rodowicz
Rodowicz in 2007
Background information
Birth name	Maria Antonina Rodowicz
Born	(1945-12-08) December 8, 1945 (age 66) Zielona Góra, Poland
Occupations	Singer, Actress
Years active	1967–present
Website	http://www.marylarodowicz.pl/

Maryla Rodowicz (born Maria Antonina Rodowicz, 8 December 1945 in Zielona Góra) is a Polish singer.

1 Early life
2 Personal life
3 Career
4 Selected discography
5 Songs
6 External links

Early life [link]

She studied at Liceum Ziemi Kujawskiej (Kujawy region high school) in Włocławek and graduated from the Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego (Academy of Physical Education) in Gdansk. In her youth she participated in athletics among other things at Kujawiak Włocławek.

Personal life [link]

She has three children, Jan Jasinski (born in 1979) and Katarzyna Jasinska (born in 1982) with her first husband, Krzysztof Jasinski. She also has a son Andrzej Dluzynski (born in 1987) with her second (and present) husband Andrzej Dluzynski.

Career [link]

Her career began in 1967, after winning first prize at the Festiwal Piosenki i Piosenkarzy Studenckich (Student Songs and Singers' Festival) in Kraków. Two years later she recorded her first well-known song, "Mówiły mu" ("The girls told him", English version known as "Love Doesn't Grow On Trees"), and in 1970 - her first longplay. In 1973, she gained popularity with the song "Małgośka" with lyrics by Agnieszka Osiecka. A year later, during the World Cup Opening Ceremony in Munich, she performed a song "Futbol" ("Football").

The singer's body of work comprises over 600 recorded songs, with over 20 Polish albums as well as albums in English, Czech, German and Russian. Apart from "Małgośka", the artist's most famous songs are "Niech żyje bal" ("Long live the ball"), "To już było" ("Done that"), "Wielka Woda" ("Great water"), "Rozmowa przez ocean" ("Talk over the ocean"), "Bossanova do poduszki" ("Bedside bossa nova"), "Łatwopalni" ("Inflammables") and her latest album's hits such as "Wszyscy chcą kochać" ("Everybody wants to love") and "Będzie co ma być" ("What is to be, will be"). In 2005 she recorded an album Kochać (To love) with lyrics by Katarzyna Nosowska. On the occasion of World Cup 2006, she recorded a song "Za Janasa" ("For Janas") with Nosowska's lyrics.

Rodowicz has performed in concert worldwide: in Europe, America, Australia, and Asia. She has won awards for her singing. She has also participated in various festivals including outside the borders of Poland, for example in Oklahoma City, Tulsa, and Los Angeles, as well as in Poland including the Festiwal Piosenki i Piosenkarzy Studenckich (Student Songs and Singers' Festival) in Kraków and the Krajowy Festiwal Piosenki Polskiej (National Polish Song Festival) in Opole.

Rodowicz is also an actress who has performed in several movies and in musical entertainment. She regularly performs in a Polsat TV channel series Rodzina zastępcza (Foster Family).

In 1992 she released her autobiography under the title of Niech żyje bal.

Selected discography [link]

Rodowicz in Warsaw, 2007

Żyj mój świecie (Live, my world), 1970
Wyznanie (Confession), 1972
Maryla Rodowiczova (CSRS) (a Czechoslovakian release), 1972
Maryla Rodowicz (NRD) (an East German release), 1973
Rok (A year), 1974
Sing-Sing, 1976
Wsiąść do pociągu (To enter a train), 1978
Cyrk nocą (A circus at night/A night lark), 1979
Święty spokój (The sacred peace), 1982
Maryla Rodowicz (ZSRR) (a Soviet release), 1983
Był sobie król (There once was a king), 1984
Gejsza nocy (The geisha of a night), 1984
Polska Madonna (Polish Madonna), 1987
Full, 1991
Absolutnie nic (Absolutely Nothing), 1992
Marysia Biesiadna (Folklore Marysia), 1994
Złota Maryla (Golden Maryla), 1995
Tribute to Agnieszka Osiecka. Łatwopalni (... Inflammables), 1997
Przed zakrętem (Before the turn), 1998
Karnawał 2000 (The 2000 Carnaval), 1999
Niebieska Maryla (Blue Maryla), 2000
12 Najpiękniejszych kolęd (The 12 most beautiful Christmas carols), 2001
Życie ładna rzecz (The life, a nice thing), 2002
Maryla i przyjaciele (Maryla and friends), 2003
Nejvetsi hity (a Czech release), 2003
Kochać (To love), (60,000 copies sold) 2005
Jest Cudnie (It's wonderful), 2008
50 (50), 2010
Buty 2 (Shoes 2), 2011

Songs [link]

The notable Polish Madonna written by Agnieszka Osiecka (an emotional portrait of an average Polish woman trying to make ends meet) contains clear Catholic symbolism and references to the social circumstances characteristic to Poland in the late eighties that marked the end of the communist era in Poland. In this song, the author questions whether the "Polish Madonna" (or, in other words, the Catholic Saint Mary, usually portrayed as holding baby Jesus in her arms) has enough money to pay for rent, promising her that the child will get a welcome allowance to the public kindergarten. The old communist promises are never fulfilled for her, and her dreams of having a lipstick "made in France" can only come true in her dreams. The song won the journalists' prize at the Opole festival in 1987.

External links [link]

(Polish) Official website
Biography
Maryla Rodowicz in Vilnius (Lithuania)
Maryla Rodowicz at the Internet Movie Database

Persondata
Name	Rodowicz, Maryla
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	8 December 1945
Place of birth	Zielona Góra, Poland
Date of death
Place of death

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryla_Rodowicz

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Make changes yourself !

Related pages:

Contents

[edit] This Is the Life (2007–2009)

[edit] A Curious Thing (2010–2011)

[edit] Life in a Beautiful Light (2011–present)

Related pages:

Contents

Related pages: