He became a monk of Monte Cassino, was taken to Rome by Pope Urban II (1088–99), and made papal subdeacon (August 1088) and cardinal deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin (probably on September 23, 1088). As chancellor of the Holy Roman Church from 1089 to 1118, he drastically reformed the papal administration, establishing a permanent staff of clerks for the papacy, overcoming the previous custom of relying on Roman notaries to write papal documents, and introducing the minuscule curial script. His tenure also established the precedent that the papal chancellor should always be a cardinal, and should hold the office for life or until he was elected pope.
Shortly after his unanimous election to succeed Pope Paschal II (1099–1118) he was seized by Cencio II Frangipane, a partisan of the Emperor Henry V (1105–25), but freed by a general uprising of the Romans on his behalf. Henry V sought to enforce the privilege of investiture to the papacy conceded to the emperor by Paschal II, but then revoked. He drove Gelasius II from Rome in March 1118, pronounced his election null and void, and set up Maurice Bourdin, Archbishop of Braga, as antipope under the name of Gregory VIII (1118–21).
Gelasius II fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained priest on 9 March 1118 and on the following day received episcopal consecration. He at once excommunicated Henry V and the antipope and, under Norman protection, was able to return to Rome in July; but the disturbances of the imperialist party, especially of the Frangipani, who attacked the Pope while celebrating Mass in the church of St. Prassede, compelled Gelasius II to go once more into exile. He set out for France, consecrating the cathedral of Pisa on the way, and arrived at Marseille in October. He was received with great enthusiasm at Avignon, Montpellier and other cities, held a synod at Vienne in January 1119, and was planning to hold a general council to settle the investiture contest when he died at Cluny.
Category:1060s births Category:1119 deaths Category:Popes Category:Italian popes Category:11th-century Italian people Category:12th-century Italian people Category:12th-century Roman Catholic bishops Category:People from Gaeta Category:Burials at Cluny Abbey, Saône-et-Loire Category:House of Caetani
af:Pous Gelasius II be:Геласій II, Папа Рымскі br:Gelasius II bg:Геласий II (папа) ca:Gelasi II cs:Gelasius II. de:Gelasius II. et:Gelasius II el:Πάπας Γελάσιος Β΄ es:Gelasio II eu:Gelasio II.a fa:گلاسیوس دوم fr:Gélase II gl:Xelasio II, papa ko:교황 젤라시오 2세 hr:Gelazije II. id:Paus Gelasius II it:Papa Gelasio II jv:Paus Gelasius II ka:გელასიუს II sw:Papa Gelasio II la:Gelasius II lt:Gelasijus II hu:II. Geláz pápa mk:Папа Геласиј II nl:Paus Gelasius II ja:ゲラシウス2世 (ローマ教皇) no:Gelasius II pl:Gelazjusz II pt:Papa Gelásio II ro:Papa Gelasius al II-lea ru:Геласий II sk:Gelasius II. fi:Gelasius II sv:Gelasius II tl:Gelasio II th:สมเด็จพระสันตะปาปาเกลาซิอุสที่ 2 uk:Геласій II vi:Giáo hoàng Gêlasiô II war:Papa Gelasio II yo:Pope Gelasius II zh:格拉修二世This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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