Consecration | 29 March, 1644 |
---|---|
Consecrated by | Antonio Marcello Barberini |
Cardinal | 9 April, 1657 |
Birth date | January 28, 1600| |
Pope Clement IX (28 January 1600 – 9 December 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669.
Rospigliosi was an accomplished man of letters, who wrote poetry, dramas and libretti, as well as what may be the first comic opera. He was also a patron of Nicolas Poussin, commissioning A Dance to the Music of Time from him and dictating its iconography.
During the reign of Pope Innocent X (1644–55), who was hostile to the Barberini and their adherents, Rospigliosi continued his appointment as papal nuncio to the court of Spain. After the accession of Pope Alexander VII (1655–67), he once again enjoyed papal favour. In 1657 he was named Cardinal-Priest of San Sisto and Secretary of State. After Alexander VII's death in 1667, an 18-day papal conclave concluded with Rospigliosi's election as Pope. Upon his succession, he took the name Clement IX.
As Pope, Clement IX continued his interest in the arts. He embellished the city of Rome with famous works commissioned to Gian Lorenzo Bernini, including the angels of Ponte Sant'Angelo and the colonnade of Saint Peter's Basilica. Somewhat unusually for Popes of the era, Clement IX did not have his name displayed on monuments he built. He also opened the first public opera house in Rome, and for the Carnival celebrations of 1668, commissioned Antonio Maria Abbatini of the Sistine Chapel Choir to set to music his free Italian translation of a Spanish religious drama La Baltasara. The production had sets designed by Bernini.
Clement IX worked to strengthen Venetian defences against the Turks on the island of Crete. However, he was unable to get wider support for this cause. At the end of October 1669 Clement IX fell ill after receiving news that the Venetian fortress of Candia in Crete had surrendered to the Turks. He died in Rome, allegedly of broken heart, in December of that year. His successor, Pope Clement X (1670–1676), built him an ornate tomb in Santa Maria Maggiore.
Category:Popes Category:Italian popes Category:Opera librettists Category:People from Pistoia Category:1600 births Category:1669 deaths Category:17th-century Italian people Category:Cardinal Secretaries of State
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
Ciconia was born in Liège, the son of a priest also named Johannes Ciconia and a woman of high standing. That the composer had the same name as at least three other men from the area around Liège has created much confusion about the biography of the composer. A Johannes Ciconia, probably the composer's father, was probably born around 1335, and worked in Avignon in 1350 as a clerk for the wife of the nephew of Pope Clement VI.
A second person by the name of Johannes Ciconia appears in records in Liège in 1385 as a duodenus, generally a person of young age; thus contemporary scholars are in agreement that this is the composer himself. Papal records suggest that this Ciconia was in the service of Pope Boniface IX in Rome in 1391. His whereabouts between the early 1390s and 1401 are unknown. From this time until his death in 1412, he remained connected to the cathedral of Padua. It is unclear whether he arrived in Padua earlier than 1401. If his lament, Con lagrime bagnadome, described in one text source as written for the death of Francesco of Carrara, were written for Francesco il Nuovo, then it would date from after 1406; if, as earlier scholars had assumed, it were written for the death of Francesco il Vecchio, then he would have needed to be in Padua by 1393. The possibility of an intermediate stay in Pavia has also been suggested by Nádas and Ziino, as a necessary place for him to pick up Visconti associations and to learned the ars subtilior style and compositions of Philipoctus de Caserta quoted in his Sus un fontayne.
Ciconia's music has evidenced a comparable commingling of styles. Music typical of northern Italy, such as his madrigal Una panthera, is combined with the French ars nova. The more complex ars subtilior style surfaces in one work noted above, and the late Medieval style begins to morph into writing which points towards the melodic patterning of the Renaissance, for instance in his setting of O rosa bella. He wrote music both secular (French virelais, Italian ballate and madrigals) and sacred (motets, mass movements, some of them isorhythmic). He is also the author of two treatises on music, the Nova Musica, and De Proportionibus (which is an extract and expansion of some ideas from Nova Musica). His music-theoretical ideas stem from the more conservative Marchettian tradition, and can be contrasted with those of his Paduan contemporary Prosdocimus de Beldemandis.
Though contrafacts and later sources of his compositions suggest that he was well-known in Florence, his music is scarcely represented in the large Florentine sources; for instance there is no section for his works in the Squarcialupi Codex. Thus, the most relevant source for Ciconia's music is the Q15 Manuscript, (Bologna, International museum and library of music).
Old French text:
1 Sus un fontayne en remirant 2 Oy chanter si douchement 3 Que mon coeur, corps et pensement, 4 Remanent pris en attendant 5 D'avoir merchi de ma dolour 6 Qui me trepount au cuer forment 7 Seul de veoir ce noble flour 8 Qui tant cantoit suavement.
9 Que choise nulle say en recivant 10 Pavour, tremour et angossment 11 Que fer[e] duis certaynement, 12 Tant suy de ly veoir desirant.
[Sus un fontayne en remirant Oy chanter si douchement Que mon coeur, corps et pensement Remanent pris en attendant.]
Translation
1 By a fountain while l am looking around 2 I hear such sweet singing 3 That my heart, body and mind 4 Remain captive while waiting. 5 To receive mercy from my grief 6 Which strongly strikes me in my heart 7 Only to this noble flower. 8 That was singing so beautifully 9 For I have no choice but to suffer 10 Fear, trembling and anguish 11 That I must bear certainly 12 So desirous am I to see
Here a short translation or explanation
And here the whole song on You tube
Category:14th-century births Category:1412 deaths Category:Medieval composers Category:Franco-Flemish composers Category:Trecento composers Category:Music theorists Category:Ars subtilior composers Category:Walloon people
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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