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Tuesday, 28 August 2012
- pirate \Pi"rate\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Pirated; p. pr. & vb. n. Pirating.] [Cf. F. pirater.] To play the pirate; to practice robbery on the high seas. [1913 Webster]
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pirate \Pi"rate\, v. t. To publish, as books or writings, without the permission of the author. [1913 Webster]
They advertised they would pirate his edition. --Pope. [1913 Webster] -
pirate \Pi"rate\, n. [L. pirata, Gr. ?, fr. ? to attempt, undertake, from making attempts or attacks on ships, ? an attempt, trial; akin to E. peril: cf. F. pirate. See Peril.] 1. A robber on the high seas; one who by open violence takes the property of another on the high seas; especially, one who makes it his business to cruise for robbery or plunder; a freebooter on the seas; also, one who steals in a harbor. [1913 Webster]
2. An armed ship or vessel which sails without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering other vessels on the high seas. [1913 Webster]
3. One who infringes the law of copyright, or publishes the work of an author without permission. [1913 Webster]
pirate perch (Zool.), a fresh-water percoid fish of the United States (Aphredoderus Sayanus). It is of a dark olive color, speckled with blackish spots. [1913 Webster] - pirate n 1: someone who uses another person's words or ideas as if they were his own [syn: plagiarist, plagiarizer, plagiariser, literary pirate, pirate] 2: someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation [syn: pirate, buccaneer, sea robber, sea rover] 3: a ship that is manned by pirates [syn: pirate, pirate ship] v 1: copy illegally; of published material 2: take arbitrarily or by force; "The Cubans commandeered the plane and flew it to Miami" [syn: commandeer, hijack, highjack, pirate]
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software pirate pirate
<software, legal> Someone engaged in software piracy.
(2010-02-03) -
pirate. A sea robber, who, to enrich himself by subtlety or open force, setteth upon merchants and others trading by sea, despoiling them of their loading, and sometimes bereaving them of life and, sinking their ships; Ridley's View of the Civ. and Eccl. Law, part 2, c. 1, s. 8; or more generally one guilty of the crime of piracy. Merl. Repert. h.t. See, for the etymology of this word, Bac. Ab. Piracy
Pirate
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- 1620s in piracy
- 1630s in piracy
- 1640s in piracy
- 1650s in piracy
- 1660s in piracy
- 1670s in piracy
- 1680s in piracy
- 1995 in piracy
- 1996 in piracy
- 1998 in piracy
- 1999 in piracy
- 2000 in piracy
- Able seaman
- Abshir Boyah
- Action of 6 May 2010
- Admiral
- Admiralty
- Admiralty law
- Adriatic coast
- Adriatic Sea
- Adventure Galley
- Aegean civilization
- Aegean Sea
- African slave trade
- Agro-terrorism
- Air Pirates
- Aircraft hijacking
- Alaska
- Albert W. Hicks
- Aleko Lilius
- Alexandre Exquemelin
- Algiers
- All humanity
- Alps
- Ambrose Light (ship)
- Ambush
- American Civil War
- American Revolution
- Anarchist terrorism
- Anatolia
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Rome
- Angelo Emo
- Anglo-Turkish piracy
- Anjadip Island
- Ann Bonny
- Anne Bonny
- Antelope of Boston
- Arab
- Arab slave trade
- Arabs
- Archetype
- Armorica
- Arumer Zwarte Hoop
- Assault rifle
- Assaults
- Associated Press
- Athelstan
- Atlantic Ocean
- Atlantic slave trade
- Auger
- Austria
- Aztec
- Bahmani Sultanate
- Balearic Islands
- Baltic Sea
- Baltic Slavic piracy
- Barataria Bay
- Barbary coast
- Barbary Coast
- Barbary corsairs
- Barbary pirates
- Barbary Slave Trade
- Barbary states
- Bartholomew Roberts
- Battle of Cape Lopez
- Battle of Nam Quan
- Battle of Ty-ho Bay
- Battle of Tysami
- Battle off Mukah
- Bawarij
- BBC
- Benito de Soto
- Benjamin Hornigold
- Bicorne hat
- Bioterrorism
- Black Sea
- Blackbeard
- Blockade of Africa
- Boarding (attack)
- Boatswain
- Boca Teacapan
- Boysie Singh
- British Columbia
- British Empire
- Buccaneer
- Bugis
- Bully Hayes
- Bully Wilson
- Bureaucracy
- Buried treasure
- Businessman
- Butyric acid
- Byzantine Empire
- Cai Qian
- Cairo, Illinois
- Calabar River
- Calico Jack
- Caliphate
- Camagüey
- Cantonese people
- Caorle
- Cape Arkona
- Cappadocia
- Captain (naval)
- Captain (OF-2)
- Captain Flint
- Captain Hook
- Captain Kidd
- Captain Nemo
- Captain Pugwash
- Captain Sabertooth
- Captain Stingaree
- Captivity
- Capture of the Bravo
- Capture of the Fancy
- Car bomb
- Carausius
- Cargo
- Caribbean
- Carpenter
- Category Piracy
- Category Pirates
- Caulking
- Cavalry
- Caves
- Census
- Chaloner Ogle
- Chang Song
- Charles Gibbs
- Charlotte de Berry
- Chatham Chest
- Cheng I
- Chepo expedition
- Cheung Po Tsai
- Chiemgau
- Ching Shih
- Christian terrorism
- Chui A-poo
- Cilicia
- Cilician pirates
- Civics
- Classical Antiquity
- Classis Britannica
- Cognate
- Coin
- Col. Plug
- Colby Pirates
- Cold War
- Colonel Fluger
- Colonel Plug
- Colonial troops
- Combat
- Commerce raider
- Commerce raiding
- Commercial fishing
- Common law
- Communist terrorism
- Confluence
- Constabulary
- Corsair
- Cossack pirates
- Cossacks
- Counter-terrorism
- Counterfeit money
- Crete
- Crime
- Crime against peace
- Crime of apartheid
- Crimean Khanate
- Crusades
- CSS Alabama
- CSS McRae
- Curonians
- Cutlass
- Cyber terrorism
- Cypress
- Dalmatia
- Damals
- Dan Seavey
- Danica White
- Danube
- Danube river
- Davy Jones' Locker
- Debal
- Deccan
- Deception
- Democracy
- Dey
- Dhow
- Diabolito
- Dirty bomb
- Dnepr
- Dodecanese
- Dominique You
- Don Cossacks
- Don Karnage
- Drawn and quartered
- Dry run (terrorism)
- Dunkirkers
- Dutch Empire
- Early Middle Ages
- Eco-terrorism
- Edward Low
- Edward Teach
- Eli Boggs
- Emirate of Crete
- Estuaries
- Ethnic violence
- European Union
- Execution Dock
- Extortion
- Eyepatch
- Facing the Flag
- Falklands Expedition
- Fancy (ship)
- Farmakos
- Felony
- Flag
- Flatboat
- Flatboats
- Floor
- Folklore
- Foreign Affairs
- Foreign Office
- Fort Massac
- Frank Castellano
- Franks
- François l'Olonnais
- Fraxinet
- Freewall
- Frigate
- Fujian
- Galatia
- Galleys
- Gan Ning
- Ganj-i-Sawai
- Garrison
- Gaul
- Geneva Conventions
- Genocide
- Geuzen
- Gibbet
- Gilbert and Sullivan
- Gimmick
- Golden Age of Piracy
- Google Book Search
- Goths
- Gotland
- Great Lakes
- Great Lakes Patrol
- Greek language
- Grenade launcher
- Grigory Gagarin
- Guangdong
- Guaymas, Mexico
- Gujarat
- Gulf of Aden
- Gulf of Mexico
- Haida people
- Hajj
- Hajjaz
- Hanging
- Hanseatic League
- Harpe Brothers
- Harper's Weekly
- Hayreddin Barbarossa
- Hector Barbossa
- Hegemony
- Henderson, Kentucky
- Hendrick Lucifer
- Henri Caesar
- Henry Every
- Henry III of England
- Henry Kissinger
- Henry Morgan
- Heruli
- High seas
- Highwayman
- Highwaymen
- Hispaniola
- History of slavery
- History of terrorism
- Hit-and-run tactics
- HMS Kent (1798)
- Hokkien people
- Honavar
- Horn of Africa
- Hostage
- Hostage taking
- Howard Pyle
- Hull (watercraft)
- Human settlement
- Iban people
- Illinois
- Illyrians
- Impressment
- Individual terror
- Insurance premium
- Insurgency
- International court
- International law
- International waters
- Invasion of Sindh
- Invasions
- Irene Incident
- Irish people
- Islamic Courts Union
- Islamic terrorism
- Islands
- Istanbul
- J. M. Barrie
- Jack Sparrow
- Jacques de Sores
- James Brooke
- James Ford (pirate)
- Jan Janszoon
- Japan
- Java
- Javanese people
- Jean Bart
- Jean Fleury
- Jean Lafitte
- John Hawkins
- John Ward (pirate)
- Jolly Roger
- Jonathan Brown
- Joseph Barss
- José Gaspar
- Judge
- Julius Caesar
- Junk (ship)
- Jus cogens
- Just war
- Justice
- Justice of the peace
- Jørgen Jørgensen
- Kama
- Kanhoji Angre
- Keelboats
- Kemal Reis
- Kentucky
- Kidnapping
- King George's War
- Klein Henszlein
- Knights Hospitaller
- La Amistad
- Lagos, Portugal
- Lai Choi San
- Lair
- Lake Michigan
- Landman (rank)
- Landmark
- Latin
- Law enforcement
- Law of nations
- Laws of war
- Le Ponant
- Left-wing terrorism
- Legend
- Letter bomb
- Letter of marque
- Lex Gabinia
- Liang Dao Ming
- Libertatia
- Lieutenant
- Limahong
- List of pirates
- List of privateers
- List of war crimes
- Livestock
- Long John Silver
- Louis-Michel Aury
- Lundy
- Machine gun
- Maersk Alabama
- Majapahit
- Malacca Strait
- Malacca Straits
- Maniots
- Mansel Alcantra
- Maratha Empire
- Mariam Zamani
- Marooning
- Marshes
- Mary Read
- Master-at-arms
- McDonaldland
- Mediterranean
- Mediterranean Sea
- Merchant Navy
- Merchant raider
- Mexican Drug War
- Middle Ages
- Military tribunals
- Militia
- Militia movement
- Mississippi
- Mississippi River
- Monkey D. Luffy
- Moor
- Moors
- Moro Pirates
- Mother ship
- Motorboat
- MS Achille Lauro
- MS Nautica
- Mughal Empire
- Murat Reis the Older
- Murdered
- Mutiny
- MV Arctic Sea
- MV Faina
- MV Iran Deyanat
- MV Liberty Sun
- MV Maersk Alabama
- MV Sirius Star
- MV York
- Narbonne
- Narcoterrorism
- Narentines
- Narrows
- Natchez, Mississippi
- Nathaniel Gordon
- Native-born citizen
- Neretva pirate
- Neretva pirates
- New Hampshire
- New Providence
- New York Times
- Newspaper
- Niger Delta
- Nine Mile Reach
- Nine Years War
- North Sea
- North Star Affair
- Northern Ireland
- Novgorod
- Nuclear terrorism
- Nuremberg Principles
- Nuremberg Trials
- Oakland Raiders
- Oeselians
- Ohio River
- Olympos (Lycia)
- On Stranger Tides
- One Earth Future
- One Piece
- Open Democracy
- Operation Atalanta
- Operetta
- Orang laut
- Ordinary seaman
- Oruç Reis
- Ottoman Empire
- Ottoman Sultan
- Outlaw
- Pagania
- Panama City
- Paper terrorism
- Parrot
- Patriot
- Peace of Westphalia
- Pedro Gilbert
- Pegleg
- Pennsylvania
- Peremptory norm
- Persian Gulf
- Peter Alston
- Peter Easton
- Peter Pan
- Petit treason
- Petty treason
- Phoenicia
- Picts
- Pier Gerlofs Donia
- Pierre Lafitte
- Piracy
- Piracy Act 1698
- Piracy Act 1717
- Piracy Act 1837
- Piracy Act 1850
- Piracy in Indonesia
- Piracy in Nigeria
- Piracy in Somalia
- Pirate code
- Pirate game
- Pirate Latitudes
- Pirate Party
- Pirate Round
- Pirate utopia
- Pirate's World
- Pirates
- Pistol
- Pittsburgh
- Pittsburgh Pirates
- Plank (wood)
- Polynesia
- Pompey
- Port Royal
- Portal Piracy
- Portuguese Empire
- Prisoners of war
- Privateer
- Privateers
- Privy Council
- Project Gutenberg
- Prosthesis
- Proxy bomb
- Public execution
- Qing
- Quartermaster
- Queen Anne's Revenge
- Quest Incident
- Radar
- Rafts
- Raid (military)
- Raider (piracy)
- Rani (Slavic tribe)
- Ransom
- Rapids
- Ras al-Khaimah
- Rebecca Roberts
- Red Rackham
- Reform War
- Religious terrorism
- Remote weapon system
- Remote-controlled
- Republic of Venice
- Resistance movement
- Right-wing terrorism
- River
- River pirate
- River to River Trail
- Robbed
- Robbery
- Robert Maynard
- Robert Newton
- Robert Surcouf
- Roberto Cofresi
- Roberto Cofresí
- Robin Hood
- Robotic
- Rochester, New York
- Roman Empire
- Roman Republic
- Romania
- Royal Marines
- Royal Navy
- Ruse de guerre
- Sabotage
- Sack of Baltimore
- Sack of Rome (846)
- Saffron terror
- Sailing Master
- Sailor
- Saint Patrick
- Saint-Malo
- Salih Reis
- Saltern
- Salvador Pirates
- Salé
- Samuel Bellamy
- Samuel Hall Lord
- Samuel Mason
- Sandokan
- Sao Feng
- Sarawak
- Satellite phone
- Saxons
- Scandinavia
- School shooting
- Sea Dogs
- Sea of Marmara
- Sea Peoples
- Sea Shepherd
- Seal hunting
- Second Opium War
- Security Council
- Security guard
- Seizure (law)
- Serbia
- Serial killers
- Seville
- Shap Ng-tsai
- Shark
- Shark finning
- Shipwreck
- Shirahama Kenki
- Shore
- Shotgun
- Sinaloa
- Sinbad the Sailor
- Sindh
- Siponto
- Sir Francis Drake
- Sir Henry Morgan
- Skiff
- Slave
- Slave trade
- Slavic piracy
- Slavs
- Sniper
- Software piracy
- Sonar
- South China Sea
- South Sulawesi
- Spanish dollar
- Spanish Empire
- Speedboat
- Sport
- St. Louis, Missouri
- State terrorism
- Stede Bonnet
- Stenka Razin
- Steppe
- Stereotypical
- Strait of Malacca
- Straits of Malacca
- Sub-Lieutenant
- Suicide attack
- Sumatra
- Summary execution
- Super Sentai
- Superior Orders
- Surgeon
- Swamp
- Swamps
- Sword
- Tactics of terrorism
- Taiping Rebellion
- Talent (weight)
- Talk Piracy
- Tampa Bay Buccaneers
- Template Pirates
- Template Terrorism
- Tennessee
- Terrorism
- Terrorism in Russia
- Terrorism insurance
- Terrorist financing
- The Angel's Command
- The Hague
- The Marshall Islands
- The Seabourn Spirit
- The Sunday Times
- The Troubles
- Thomas Tew
- Timber pirate
- Timeline of piracy
- Timoji
- Tlingit people
- Tom Ayrton
- Tortuga (Haiti)
- Trade route
- Traun (river)
- Traunsee
- Treason
- Treason Act 1351
- Treasure
- Treasure Island
- Treasure map
- Tripoli
- Trireme
- Truce of Ratisbon
- Tunis
- Turgut Reis
- Turkish Abductions
- Tyrrhenians
- U.S.
- U.S. Army
- U.S. Supreme Court
- United Nations
- United States Navy
- Ushkuiniks
- Uskoci
- Uskoks
- USS Grampus (1821)
- USS Howard (DDG-83)
- USS Tarawa (LHA-1)
- Vedas
- Vice admiralty court
- Victual Brothers
- Vigilante
- Vijayanagara Empire
- Viking
- Viking Age
- Vikings
- Vincent Gambi
- Virginia
- Volga
- Voyage of Slaves
- Walking the plank
- Wall Street Journal
- Walt Disney Pictures
- Wang Zhi (pirate)
- War crime
- War of 1812
- War of aggression
- Warlord
- Warrant Officers
- Warrior
- Warship
- Weapons
- West Country
- West Country accent
- Whaling
- Whydah Gally
- Wijerd Jelckama
- Wikipedia Link rot
- Wikipedia Vagueness
- Willard H. Brownson
- William Bainbridge
- William Dampier
- William Kidd
- Wokou
- Women in piracy
- Woodes Rogers
- Yankee
- Yuan Dynasty
- Zachlumia
- Zain Verjee
- Zaporizhian Sich
- Zaporozhian Cossacks
- Zheng Jing
- Zheng Yi Sao
- Zheng Zhilong
- Île Sainte-Marie
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Adriatic coast
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Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea () is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. The Adriatic Sea is a part of the Mediterranean Sea.
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Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea (, Egeo Pelagos ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the southern Balkan and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey respectively. In the north, it is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosporus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The Aegean Region consists of nine provinces in southwestern Turkey, in part bordering on the Aegean sea.
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Alaska
Alaska () is the largest state of the United States by area. It is situated in the northwest extremity of the North American continent, with Canada to the east, the Arctic Ocean to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west and south, with Russia further west across the Bering Strait. Approximately half of Alaska's 698,473 residents live within the Anchorage metropolitan area. As of 2009, Alaska remains the least densely populated state of the U.S.
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Algiers
http://wn.com/Algiers -
Anatolia
Anatolia (, from Greek '; also Asia Minor, from , ') is a geographic and historical term denoting the westernmost protrusion of Asia, comprising the majority of the Republic of Turkey. The region is bounded by the Black Sea to the north, Georgia to the northeast, the Armenian Highland to the east, Mesopotamia to the southeast, the Mediterranean Sea to the south and the Aegean Sea to the west. Anatolia has been home to many civilizations throughout history, such as the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Greeks, Assyrians, Armenians, Romans, Byzantines, Anatolian Seljuks and Ottomans. As a result, Anatolia is one of the archeologically richest areas in the world.
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Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Barataria Bay
[[Image:National Atlas Louisiana east detailed.gif|right|thumb| Barataria Bay [lower right] is a bay of the Gulf of Mexico that is located between Empire and Grand Isle, Louisiana [].]]
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British Columbia
British Columbia (B.C.) (, C.-B.) is the westernmost of Canada's provinces and is known for its natural beauty, as reflected in its Latin motto, Splendor sine occasu ("Splendour without Diminishment"). Its name was chosen by Queen Victoria in 1858. In 1871, it became the sixth province of Canada.
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British Empire
The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom. It originated with the overseas colonies and trading posts established by England in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. At its height it was the largest empire in history and, for over a century, was the foremost global power. By 1922 the British Empire held sway over about 458 million people, one-quarter of the world's population at the time, and covered more than 13 million square miles (34 million km2), almost a quarter of the Earth's total land area. As a result, its political, linguistic and cultural legacy is widespread. At the peak of its power, it was often said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire" because its span across the globe ensured that the sun was always shining on at least one of its numerous territories.
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Camagüey
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Caorle
http://wn.com/Caorle -
Cape Arkona
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Cappadocia
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Caribbean
The CaribbeanPronounced or . Both pronunciations are equally valid; indeed, they see equal use even within areas of the Caribbean itself. Cf. Royal Caribbean, which stresses the second syllable. In this case, as a proper noun, those who would normally pronounce it a different way may use the pronunciation associated with the noun when referring to it. More generic nouns such as the Caribbean Community are generally referred to using the speaker's preferred pronunciation.; Dutch ; or more commonly Antilles is a region consisting of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (most of which enclose the sea), and the surrounding coasts. The region is located southeast of the Gulf of Mexico and North America, east of Central America, and to the north of South America.
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Chiemgau
Chiemgau is the common name of a geographic area in Upper Bavaria. It refers to the foothills of the Alps between the rivers Inn and Traun, with lake Chiemsee at its center. The political districts that contain the Chiemgau are Rosenheim and Traunstein. Wendelstein is the name of a famous mountain close by but not strictly in the Chiemgau, while Kampenwand is actually the most inviting peak south of Chiemsee.
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Crete
http://wn.com/Crete -
CSS Alabama
{|
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Dalmatia
Dalmatia (, see names in other languages) is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It spreads between the island of Rab in the northwest and the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south. Dalmatia today lies mostly in Croatia, also with smaller parts in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Neum Municipality) and Montenegro (around the Bay of Kotor). The Dalmatian dog received its name from Dalmatia.
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Deccan
http://wn.com/Deccan -
Dodecanese
http://wn.com/Dodecanese -
Execution Dock
The Execution Dock is located on the Thames in the Wapping area of London, England, United Kingdom. It was used for more than 400 years (as late as 1830) to hang pirates, smugglers and mutineers that had been sentenced to death by Admiralty courts.
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Farmakos
http://wn.com/Farmakos -
Foreign Office
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Fujian
is a province on the southeast coast of China. Fujian borders Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jian'ou, two cities in Fujian, during the Tang Dynasty. It is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China with Han Chinese majority.
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Gotland
http://wn.com/Gotland -
Great Lakes
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Guangdong
Guangdong () is a province on the southern coast of People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.
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Gujarat
Gujarat (, , , ) is a state in India. Its capital is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. Gujarat is home to the Gujarati speaking people of India. The state encompasses major sites of the Indus Valley Civilization such as Lothal and Dholavira. Gujarat played an important role in the economic history of India throughout the history of India. It is home to major ports in India's ancient and modern history, leading it to become one of the main trade and commerce center of India. Lothal, one of the world's first ports, is located in Gujarat. Mohandas Gandhi, considered as India's "father of the nation", was a Gujarati who led the Indian Independence Movement against the British rule. Even today, Gujarat has one of the fastest growing economies in India.
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Gulf of Aden
http://wn.com/Gulf_of_Aden -
Henderson, Kentucky
Henderson is a city in Henderson County, Kentucky, United States, along the Ohio River in the western part of the state. The population was 27,373 at the 2000 census. A 2009 population estimate puts the city at 27,952. It is part of the Evansville-Henderson, IN-KY Metropolitan Statistical Area often referred to as "Kentuckiana", although "Tri-State Area" or "Tri-State" are more commonly used by the local media. The city was named after Colonel Richard Henderson, by Gen. Samuel Hopkins and Thomas Allin.
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Hispaniola
http://wn.com/Hispaniola -
Honavar
http://wn.com/Honavar -
Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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Islamic Courts Union
http://wn.com/Islamic_Courts_Union -
Istanbul
Istanbul (), historically known as Constantinople(See Names of Istanbul for further information) is the largest city in Turkey and 5th largest city proper in the world with a population of 12.8 million, also making it the second largest metropolitan area in Europe by population, and the largest metropolitan city proper. Istanbul is also a megacity, as well as the cultural, economic, and financial centre of Turkey. The city covers 39 districts of the Istanbul province. It is located on the Bosphorus Strait and encompasses the natural harbour known as the Golden Horn, in the northwest of the country. It extends both on the European (Thrace) and on the Asian (Anatolia) sides of the Bosphorus, and is thereby the only metropolis in the world that is situated on two continents. Istanbul is a designated alpha world city.
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Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
Kentucky
The Commonwealth of Kentucky () is a state located in the East Central United States of America. As classified by the United States Census Bureau, Kentucky is a Southern state. Kentucky is one of four U.S. states constituted as a commonwealth (the others being Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Massachusetts). Originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 it became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th largest state in terms of total area, the 36th largest in land area, and ranks 26th in population.
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La Amistad
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Lagos, Portugal
Lagos (, literally "Lakes") is a city and a municipality at the mouth of the river Bensafrim and along the Atlantic Ocean,in the region of Algarve, in Algarve's Barlavento (windward), Southern Portugal.
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Lundy
Lundy is the largest island in the Bristol Channel, lying off the coast of Devon, England, approximately one third of the distance across the channel between England and Wales. It measures about by at its widest. Lundy gives its name to a British sea area and is one of the islands of England.
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Malacca Strait
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Malacca Straits
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Mississippi
Mississippi () is a U.S. state located in the Southern United States. Jackson is the state capital and largest city. The name of the state derives from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary, which namesake is from the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi ("Great River"). The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, and its catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States. The state symbol is the magnolia grandiflora tree.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (, ; Urdu: ; self-designation: , ), or Mogul (also Moghul) Empire in former English usage, was an Indian-Islamic power that ruled a large portion of the Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of South Asia by the late 17th and early 18th centuries and ended in the mid-19th century.
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MV Arctic Sea
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Natchez, Mississippi
Natchez is the county seat of, and the largest and only incorporated city within, Adams County, Mississippi, United States. As of the 2000 census, the city had a total population of 18,464. One of Mississippi's oldest European-American cities, it was founded by French colonists in 1716, antedating the capital of Jackson by more than a century. Located along the Mississippi River, Natchez is the southern terminus of the Natchez Trace Parkway. The city is famous in American history for its role in the development of the Old Southwest, particularly with respect to its location on the Mississippi River.
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire ranks 44th in land area, 46th in total area of the 50 states, and 41st in population.
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New Providence
New Providence is the most populated island in the Bahamas. The original attraction of New Providence was that it had one of the best sheltered natural small vessel harbors in the Caribbean.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
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Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg Trials were a series of military tribunals, held by the main victorious Allied forces of World War II, most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, and economic leadership of the defeated Nazi Germany.
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Panama City
Panama () is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Panama. It has a population of 813,097, with a total metro population of 1,206,792, and it is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal, at . Panama City is the political and administrative center of the country.
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Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania () is a U.S. state and Commonwealth located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg.
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Persian Gulf
The Persian Gulf, in Southwest Asia, is an extension of the Indian Ocean located between Iran and the Arabian Peninsula. Historically and commonly known as the Persian Gulf, this body of water is also controversially referred to as the Arabian Gulf (by the Arab nations on the Arab side of the gulf) or simply The Gulf by most Arab states, and Gulf of Basra by Turkey, although none of the latter three terms is recognized internationally.
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Phoenicia
http://wn.com/Phoenicia -
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh () is the second-largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and the county seat of Allegheny County. Regionally, it anchors the largest urban area of Appalachia and the Ohio River Valley, and nationally, it anchors the 22nd largest urban area in the United States. The estimated population of the city in 2009 was 311,647, while the seven-county metropolitan area was estimated at 2,354,957. Downtown Pittsburgh retains substantial economic influence, ranking at 25th in the nation for jobs within the urban core and 6th in job density. The characteristic shape of Pittsburgh's central business district is a triangular tract carved by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, where the Ohio River forms. The city features 151 high-rise buildings, 446 bridges, two inclined railways, and a pre-revolutionary fortification. Pittsburgh is known colloquially as "The City of Bridges" and "The Steel City" for its many bridges and former steel manufacturing base.
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Port Royal
Port Royal was a city located at the end of the Palisadoes at the mouth of the Kingston Harbour, in southeastern Jamaica. Founded in 1518, it was the centre of shipping commerce in the Caribbean Sea during the latter half of the 17th century. It was destroyed by an earthquake in 1692 and subsequent fires, hurricanes, flooding, epidemics and another earthquake in 1907.
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Portuguese Empire
http://wn.com/Portuguese_Empire -
Qing
http://wn.com/Qing -
Ras al-Khaimah
Ras al-Khaimah (, , literally "The Top of the Tent"), is one of the emirates of the United Arab Emirates (UAE), in the east of the Persian Gulf. It is in the northern part of the UAE bordering Oman. The capital city and home of most residents is also called Ras al-Khaimah. The city has a population of 263,217 as of 2008. The city has two main sections, Old Ras Al Khaimah and Nakheel, on either side of a creek. It is served by the Ras Al Khaimah International Airport in Al Jazirah Al Hamra.
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Rochester, New York
Rochester is a city in Monroe County, New York, south of Lake Ontario in the United States. The Rochester metropolitan area is the second largest regional economy in all of New York State according to the U.S. Internal Revenue, after the New York City metropolitan area. Known as ''The World's Image Centre, it was also once known as The Flour City, and more recently as The Flower City''. It is the county seat for Monroe County.
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Romania
Romania ( ; dated: Rumania; ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Romania shares a border with Hungary and Serbia to the west, Ukraine and the Republic of Moldova to the northeast, and Bulgaria to the south.
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Sarawak
Sarawak () is one of two Malaysian states on the island of Borneo. Known as Bumi Kenyalang ("Land of the Hornbills"), it is situated on the north-west of the island. It is the largest state in Malaysia; the second largest, Sabah, lies to the northeast.
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Sea of Marmara
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Serbia
Serbia (pronounced: ), officially the Republic of Serbia (), is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central- and Southeastern Europe, covering the southern lowlands of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans. Serbia borders Hungary to the north; Romania and Bulgaria to the east; the Republic of Macedonia to the south; and Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro to the west; its border with Albania is disputed. Serbia's capital city, Belgrade, is among the most populous in Southeastern Europe.
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Seville
Seville ( ; see also ) is the artistic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level. The inhabitants of the city are known as sevillanos (feminine form: sevillanas) or hispalenses, following the Roman name of the city, Hispalis. The population of the city of Seville was 703,206 as of 2009 (INE), ranking as the fourth largest city of Spain. The population of the metropolitan area (urban area plus satellite towns) was 1,493,416 as of 2009 (INE estimate).
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Sinaloa
{{Infobox settlement
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Sindh
http://wn.com/Sindh -
South China Sea
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South Sulawesi
South Sulawesi (, short form Sulsel) is a province of Indonesia, located on the western southern peninsula of Sulawesi Island. The province is bordered by Central Sulawesi province to the north, South East Sulawesi province to the east and West Sulawesi province to the west (West Sulawesi province was split from South Sulawesi in 2004). The capital of South Sulawesi is Makassar.
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Spanish Empire
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St. Louis, Missouri
St. Louis ( or ; French: Saint-Louis or St-Louis, ) is an independent city and the second largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri. The city itself has an estimated population of 354,361 and is the principal municipality of Greater St. Louis, population 2,879,934, the largest urban area in Missouri and 16th-largest in the United States.
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Strait of Malacca
The Strait of Malacca is a narrow, 805 km (500 mile) stretch of water between the Malay Peninsula (Peninsular Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is named after the Empire of Melaka that ruled over the archipelago between 1414 to 1511.
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Straits of Malacca
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Tennessee
Tennessee () is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,214,888, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area. Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, and the Mississippi River forms the state's western border. Tennessee's capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 626,144. Memphis is the state's largest city, with a population of 670,902. Nashville has the state's largest metropolitan area, at 1,521,437 people.
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The Hague
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
Tripoli
http://wn.com/Tripoli -
Tunis
http://wn.com/Tunis -
U.S.
http://wn.com/US -
USS Grampus (1821)
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Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia () is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" because it is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents. The geography and climate of the state are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The state population is nearly eight million.
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Yuan Dynasty
http://wn.com/Yuan_Dynasty -
Île Sainte-Marie
http://wn.com/Île_Sainte-Marie
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Albert W. Hicks
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Alexandre Exquemelin
Alexandre Olivier Exquemelin (also spelled Esquemeling, Exquemeling, or Oexmelin) (c. 1645-1707) was a French writer best known as the author of one of the most important sourcebooks of 17th century piracy, first published in Dutch as De Americaensche Zee-Roovers, in Amsterdam, by Jan ten Hoorn, in 1678.
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Angelo Emo
Angelo Emo (born Venice, 3 January 1731 died, Malta 3 March 1792) was the last Grand Admiral of the Republic of Venice. He attempted to introduce reforms based on the practices of the British Royal Navy, and led raids on Moorish targets along the Barbary Coast in retaliation for corsair attacks on Venetian-flagged shipping. Had he lived and succeeded, Venice would have probably not been considered such an easy prey for France and Napoleon's demands.
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Ann Bonny
http://wn.com/Ann_Bonny -
Anne Bonny
http://wn.com/Anne_Bonny -
Arab
http://wn.com/Arab -
Arabs
http://wn.com/Arabs -
Athelstan
http://wn.com/Athelstan -
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
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Bartholomew Roberts
http://wn.com/Bartholomew_Roberts -
Blackbeard
http://wn.com/Blackbeard -
Businessman
http://wn.com/Businessman -
Cai Qian
http://wn.com/Cai_Qian -
Cairo, Illinois
Cairo (,
http://wn.com/Cairo_Illinois -
Calico Jack
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Captain Nemo
Captain nero, also known as Prince Dakkar, is a fictional character featured in Jules Verne's novels Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (1870) and The Mysterious Island (1874).
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Captain Pugwash
Captain Pugwash is a fictional pirate in a series of British children's comic strips and books created by John Ryan. The character's adventures were adapted into a TV series, using cardboard cut-outs filmed in live-action (the first series was performed and broadcast live), also called Captain Pugwash, first shown on the BBC in 1957 and a traditional animation series, The Adventures of Captain Pugwash, first aired in 1998.
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Carausius
Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Valerius Carausius (died 293) was a military commander of the Roman Empire in the 3rd century. He was a Menapian from Belgic Gaul, who usurped power in 286, declaring himself emperor in Britain and northern Gaul. He did this only 13 years after the Gallic Empire of the Batavian Postumus was ended in 273. He held power for seven years, before being assassinated by his finance minister Allectus (see Carausian Revolt).
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Charles Gibbs
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Charlotte de Berry
Charlotte de Berry (1636 - Unknown) was born in 1636 in England. In her mid to late teens she fell in love with a sailor and, against her parents' will, married him. Disguised as a man, she followed him on board his ship and fought alongside him. Her true identity was discovered by an officer who kept this knowledge to himself, wanting de Berry. He assigned her husband to the most dangerous jobs, which he survived thanks to his wife's help. The officer finally accused Charlotte's husband of mutiny, of which he was found guilty based on an officer's word against that of a common sailor. He was punished by being flogged through the fleet, which, as the officer had hoped, killed him. The officer then made advances towards Charlotte, which she refused. The next time they were in port she killed the officer and snuck away, dressing again as a woman and working on the docks.
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Cheng I
Religious Daoism (Dao Jiao) and Magical Daoism (Dao Wu). Religious Daoism is known for its ceremonies, and Magical Daoism is known for its esoteric training in alchemical mysticism. Both Northern and Southern Daoism have aspects of both religious and magical training.
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Cheung Po Tsai
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Ching Shih
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Chui A-poo
Chui A-poo (; died 1851) was a 19th century Qing Chinese pirate who commanded a fleet of more than 500 junks in the South China Sea. He was one of the two most notorious South China Sea pirates of the era, along with Shap Ng-tsai.
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Curonians
:The Kursenieki are also known as Curonians.
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Dan Seavey
Dan Seavey, also known as Roaring Dan Seavey, (1867-1949) was a notorious pirate on the Great Lakes in the early 20th Century.
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Diabolito
Diabolito or Little Devil (died July 1823) was a 19th century Cuban pirate. One of the more violent of the era, he actively engaged the United States Navy and was one of the main fugitives pursued during later American naval expeditions in the Caribbean during the 1820s.
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Edward Low
Captain Edward "Ned" Low, also Lowe or Loe, (c. 1690 – c. 1724) was a notorious English pirate during the latter days of the Golden Age of Piracy, in the early 18th century. He was born around 1690 into poverty in Westminster, London, and was a thief and a scoundrel from a young age. Low moved to Boston, Massachusetts, as a young man. His wife died in childbirth in late 1719. Two years later, he became a pirate, operating off the coasts of New England and the Azores, and in the Caribbean.
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Edward Teach
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Eli Boggs
Eli Boggs (fl. mid 19th century) was an American pirate, one of the last active ocean-going pirates operating off the coast of China during the 1850s. Based near Hong Kong, Boggs constantly raided outgoing clipper ships carrying highly valuable cargo of opium throughout the decade. He is most particularly known for his cruelty, as in one recorded incident he had the body of a captured Chinese merchant cut into small pieces and had them delivered to shore in small buckets as a warning against interference in his criminal activities. In 1857, after a violent and bloody siege, Boggs was forced to swim ashore after his junk was destroyed by rival pirates. However, after holding his captors at bay with a knife, Boggs was finally apprehended and imprisoned in a Hong Kong jail for three years, eventually being tried for murder before his deportation to the United States.
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Frank Castellano
Francis "Frank" Xavier Castellano is an officer of the United States Navy, holding the rank of Commander and assigned to the Joint Forces Staff College. Castellano is best known as commanding the guided missile destroyer during the hijacking of the MV Maersk Alabama.
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Franks
The Franks ( or gens Francorum) were a West Germanic tribal confederation first attested in the third century as living north and east of the Lower Rhine River. From the third to fifth centuries some Franks raided Roman territory while other Franks joined the Roman troops in Gaul. Only the Salian Franks formed a kingdom on Roman-held soil that was acknowledged by the Romans after 357. In the climate of the collapse of imperial authority in the West, the Frankish tribes were united under the Merovingians and conquered all of Gaul except Septimania in the 6th century. The Salian political elite would be one of the most active forces in spreading Christianity over western Europe.
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Fujian
is a province on the southeast coast of China. Fujian borders Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jian'ou, two cities in Fujian, during the Tang Dynasty. It is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China with Han Chinese majority.
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Galatia
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Gan Ning
Gan Ning was a military general of Sun Quan during the end of the Han Dynasty of China. He was born in Linjiang in the Ba Prefecture and took the style name of Xingba.
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Goths
The Goths (Gothic: *Gutans) were a heterogeneous East Germanic tribe, who played an important role in the history of the Roman Empire after they appeared on its lower Danube frontier in the third century.
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Guangdong
Guangdong () is a province on the southern coast of People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province. It surpassed Henan and Sichuan to become the most populous province in China in January 2005, registering 79 million permanent residents and 31 million migrants who lived in the province for at least six months of the year. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are amongst the most populous and important cities in China.
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Hayreddin Barbarossa
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Hendrick Lucifer
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Henri Caesar
Henri Caesar, also known as Black Caesar, (fl. 1791-1830) was allegedly a 19th century Haitian revolutionary and pirate. Efforts to find historical evidence of his existence have been unsuccessful. According to works of fiction, he was a participant in the Haitian Revolution under Dutty Boukman and Toussaint Louverture as well as active in piracy for nearly a 30-year period during the early 19th century.
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Henry Every
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Henry III of England
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Henry Kissinger
Henry Alfred Kissinger (; born May 27, 1923) is a German-born American political scientist, diplomat, and recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. He served as National Security Advisor and later concurrently as Secretary of State in the administrations of Presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. After his term, his opinion was still sought out by many following presidents.
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Henry Morgan
Admiral Sir Henry Morgan (Harri Morgan in Welsh), (ca. 1635 – 25 August 1688) was a Welsh Admiral and privateer, who made a name for activities in the Caribbean. He was one of the most notorious and successful privateers from Wales, and one of the most dangerous pirates who worked in the Spanish Main.
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Heruli
The Heruli (spelled variously in Latin and Greek) were a nomadic Germanic people, who were subjugated by the Ostrogoths, Huns, and Byzantines in the 3rd to 5th centuries. The name is related to earl (see erilaz) and was probably an honorific military title. One of the Heruli, Odoacer the commander of the Imperial foederati troops, deposed the last Western Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustus.
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Howard Pyle
http://wn.com/Howard_Pyle -
Illyrians
http://wn.com/Illyrians -
Irish people
http://wn.com/Irish_people -
J. M. Barrie
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Jack Sparrow
Captain Jack Sparrow is a fictitious character created by screenwriters Ted Elliott and Terry Rossio, portrayed by Johnny Depp. He is introduced in the film ' (2003). He appears in the sequels ' (2006) and ' (2007), and will appear in a future film, ' (2011). Jack Sparrow was conceived by Elliott and Rossio initially as a supporting character, but Jack serves as a main protagonist in the films. He was brought to life by the actor Johnny Depp, who based his characterization on the Rolling Stones guitarist Keith Richards.
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James Ford (pirate)
James Ford was an American civic leader and business owner in southern Illinois at the turn of the 19th century. Despite his clean public image, he was also secretly a river pirate and the leader of a gang that would come to be known as "Ford's Ferry Gang". His gang was the river equivalent of highway robbers; they would hijack ferries and flatboats with tradable goods from local farms coming down the Ohio River. At one point, they used the "Cave-in-Rock" as their headquarters, on the Illinois side of the lower Ohio River, which is about 85 miles below Evansville, Indiana.
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Jan Janszoon
http://wn.com/Jan_Janszoon -
Javanese people
The Javanese are an ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. They are predominantly located in the central to eastern parts of the island. At approximately 85 million people (), it is the largest ethnic group on the island, and also in Indonesia.
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Jean Fleury
Jean Fleury (or Florin) (died 1527) was a 16th century French naval officer and privateer. He is best known for the capture of two out of the three Spanish galleons carrying the Aztec treasure from Mexico to Spain in 1522. This was one the earliest recorded acts of piracy against the new Spanish Empire and encouraged the French Corsairs, Dutch Sea Beggars and English Sea Dogs to begin attacking shipping and settlements in the Spanish Main during the next several decades.
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Jean Lafitte
http://wn.com/Jean_Lafitte -
John Hawkins
http://wn.com/John_Hawkins -
John Ward (pirate)
http://wn.com/John_Ward_(pirate) -
José Gaspar
http://wn.com/José_Gaspar -
Julius Caesar
http://wn.com/Julius_Caesar -
Jørgen Jørgensen
http://wn.com/Jørgen_Jørgensen -
Kanhoji Angre
Kanhoji Angre () or Conajee Angria or Sarkhel Angre (Sarkhel is a title meaning Admiral of the Fleet) (August 1669 - July 4, 1729) was the first notable chief of the Maratha Navy in 18th century India. He fought successfully all his life against the British, Dutch and Portuguese naval interests in the Indian Ocean during the eighteenth century, and hence was alleged by them to be a pirate. Similar work was carried out against the colonial powers by the Kunjali Marakkars in the sixteenth century. Despite the attempts of the British and Portuguese to subdue Angre, he remained undefeated until his death.
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Kemal Reis
Kemal Reis (c. 1451 – 1511) was a Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral. He was also the paternal uncle of the famous Ottoman admiral and cartographer Piri Reis who accompanied him in most of his important naval expeditions.
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King George's War
'''King George's War''' is the name given to the operations in North America that formed part of the 1744–1748 War of the Austrian Succession. It was the third of the four French and Indian Wars.
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Klein Henszlein
Klein Henszlein [Klaus Hanslein] (died 1573) was a German pirate from 1560 to 1573 who raided shipping in the North Sea until his defeat and capture by a fleet from Hamburg. Taken back to Hamburg, Henszlein and his men were paraded though the city streets before being beheaded; their heads were then impaled on stakes. In a later account, the executioner described how he "flicked off" the heads of the thirty three pirates (not including Henszlein) in only 45 minutes, then proceeding to behead the bodies of those pirates killed during their capture. He later claimed to have been "standing in blood so deep that it well nigh in his shoes did creep."
http://wn.com/Klein_Henszlein -
Lai Choi San
Lai Choi San (Mountain of Wealth) was a 20th century Chinese pirate. She was the most powerful and well-known female pirate leader in Chinese history, rivaled perhaps only by Cheng I Sao of the previous century, commanding a fleet of some 12 junks in the area of Macao and the South China Sea during the 1920s and 30s. There is very little documented evidence of her existence apart from the 1930 book I Sailed With Pirates by American journalist Aleko Lilius. Lai Choi San was one of several pirates that Lilius claims to have traveled with during the late 1920s. Lilius described her fleet as "twelve smooth-bore, medieval-looking cannons onboard, and two rather modern ones. Along the bulwarks of the junk were bolted rows of heavy iron plates". Her crew were referred to as ladrones by the Portuguese and, according to Lilius, were "all fearsome fellows, muscular bare-chested men who wore wide-brimmed hats and tied red kerchiefs around their necks and heads". Lai Choi San has been referred to as a female "Robin Hood" figure, however she and her crew were often paid protection money by local merchants and operated with little interference from either Portuguese or Chinese authorities since inheriting the fleet from her father upon his death.
http://wn.com/Lai_Choi_San -
Liang Dao Ming
Liang Dao Ming () was a 14th century Cantonese Ming abscondee (he was also a king of Palembang) inhabiting Palembang, Srivijaya. According to Ming record, he had thousands of followers and a sizable military troop in Palembang.
http://wn.com/Liang_Dao_Ming -
Limahong
Limahong, Lim Hong or also called Lin Feng () was a notorious Chinese pirate and warlord who invaded the northern Philippine Islands in 1574. He built up a reputation for his constant raids to ports in Guangdong, Fujian and southern China. He is noted to have twice attempted, and failed, to overthrow the Spanish city of Manila in 1574.
http://wn.com/Limahong -
Louis-Michel Aury
Louis-Michel Aury was a French Corsair operating in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean during the early 19th century.
http://wn.com/Louis-Michel_Aury -
Maniots
http://wn.com/Maniots -
Mary Read
:For Mary Karen Read, see Virginia Tech massacre.
http://wn.com/Mary_Read -
Moors
The description Moors has referred to several historic and modern populations of Berber, Black African and Arab descent from Northern Africa, some of whom came to conquer and occupy the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years. At that time they were Muslim, although earlier the people had followed other religions. They called the territory Al Andalus, comprising most of what is now Spain and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Moors -
Nathaniel Gordon
Nathaniel Gordon (c. 1834 – February 21, 1862) was the only American slave trader to be tried, convicted, and executed "for being engaged in the Slave Trade" in accordance with the Piracy Law of 1820.
http://wn.com/Nathaniel_Gordon -
Oeselians
http://wn.com/Oeselians -
Oruç Reis
http://wn.com/Oruç_Reis -
Ottoman Empire
http://wn.com/Ottoman_Empire -
Pedro Gilbert
http://wn.com/Pedro_Gilbert -
Peter Alston
Peter Alston (aft 1765-Feb. 8, 1804) was the late 18th Century and early 19th Century counterfeiter and pirate, who is believed to be Little Harpe's associate and partner in the murder of notorious outlaw leader Samuel Mason in 1803. He was the son of the colonial-era counterfeiter Philip Alston associated with Cave-in-Rock and Natchez, Mississippi.
http://wn.com/Peter_Alston -
Phoenicia
http://wn.com/Phoenicia -
Picts
http://wn.com/Picts -
Pierre Lafitte
http://wn.com/Pierre_Lafitte -
Pompey
http://wn.com/Pompey -
Rebecca Roberts
Rebecca Boggs Roberts is an American journalist. She was one of the hosts of POTUS '08 on XM Radio, which offered live daily coverage of the 2008 presidential election. She served as a substitute host for Morning Edition, Talk of the Nation, and Weekend Edition Sunday on National Public Radio.
http://wn.com/Rebecca_Roberts -
Reform War
http://wn.com/Reform_War -
Robert Maynard
Robert Maynard (c. 1684 - January 1, 1751) was a lieutenant and later captain in the Royal Navy, First Lieutenant of HMS Pearl, most famous for defeating the infamous English pirate Blackbeard in battle.
http://wn.com/Robert_Maynard -
Robert Newton
http://wn.com/Robert_Newton -
Robert Surcouf
:For ships of this name, see French ship Surcouf.
http://wn.com/Robert_Surcouf -
Roberto Cofresi
http://wn.com/Roberto_Cofresi -
Roberto Cofresí
http://wn.com/Roberto_Cofresí -
Robin Hood
Robin Hood is a heroic outlaw in English folklore. A highly skilled archer and swordsman, he is known for "robbing from the rich and giving to the poor," assisted by a group of fellow outlaws known as his "Merry Men." Traditionally Robin Hood and his men are depicted wearing Lincoln green clothes. The origin of the legend is claimed by some to have stemmed from actual outlaws, or from ballads or tales of outlaws.
http://wn.com/Robin_Hood -
Saint Patrick
http://wn.com/Saint_Patrick -
Salih Reis
Salih Reis (1488 ca. – 1568) was a Turkish privateer and Ottoman admiral.
http://wn.com/Salih_Reis -
Samuel Bellamy
http://wn.com/Samuel_Bellamy -
Samuel Hall Lord
"Samuel Hall Lord' "Sam Lord" (1778-1844) was one of the most famous buccaneers on the island of Barbados. Sam Lord as he was usually known, amassed great wealth for his castle-mansion in Barbados. He did this through the direct plundering of ships stranded in the coral reefs just off the coast of his estate. According to legend, Sam Lord would hang lanterns high in the coconut trees around his estate. Passing ships far out at sea would think it was the port city of Bridgetown and would sail towards the reef in the area leading them to wreck their ships. Sam Lord would then board the ships and keep the riches for his castle that existed in the parish of Saint Philip.
http://wn.com/Samuel_Hall_Lord -
Samuel Mason
Samuel Mason or Meason (1739–1803) was the leader of a gang of river pirates on the lower Ohio River and the Mississippi River in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. He was associated with Cave-in-Rock, Stack Island and the Natchez Trace.
http://wn.com/Samuel_Mason -
Saxons
The Saxons () were a confederation of Old Germanic tribes. Their modern-day descendants are generally considered ethnic Germans, Dutch or English. They are primarily found in Lower Saxony, Schleswig-Holstein, Saxony-Anhalt, Westphalia, Drenthe, Overijssel and England (the state of Saxony is not inhabited by Saxon descendants, and was so-named because it came to be ruled by Saxon feudal dynasty).
http://wn.com/Saxons -
Sea Peoples
The Sea Peoples is the term used for a confederacy of seafaring raiders of the second millennium BC who sailed into the eastern Mediterranean, caused political unrest, and attempted to enter or control Egyptian territory during the late 19th dynasty and especially during Year 8 of Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty. The Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah explicitly refers to them by the term "the foreign-countries (or 'peoples'As noted by Gardiner V.1 p.196, other texts have N25:X1*Z4 "foreign-peoples"; both terms can refer to the concept of "foreigners" as well. Zangger in the external link below expresses a commonly held view that "sea peoples" does not translate this and other expressions but is an academic innovation. The Woudhuizen dissertation and the Morris paper identify Gaston Maspero as the first to use the term "peuples de la mer" in 1881.) of the sea" (Egyptian ) in his Great Karnak Inscription. Although some scholars believe that they invaded Cyprus, Hatti and the Levant, this hypothesis is disputed.
http://wn.com/Sea_Peoples -
Shap Ng-tsai
Shap Ng-tsai () was a Chinese pirate active in the South China Sea from about 1845 to 1859. He was one of the two most notorious South China Sea pirates of the era, along with Chui A-poo. He commanded about 70 junks stationed at Tien-pai (Tienpak), now Diancheng in Dianbai County, about 180 miles west of Hong Kong. Coastal villages and traders paid Shap Ng-tsai protection money so they would not be attacked. Chinese naval ships that pursued the pirate were captured and their officers taken captive and held for ransom. The Chinese government offered him a pardon and the rank of officer in the military but he did not accept.
http://wn.com/Shap_Ng-tsai -
Shirahama Kenki
http://wn.com/Shirahama_Kenki -
Sinbad the Sailor
http://wn.com/Sinbad_the_Sailor -
Sir Henry Morgan
http://wn.com/Sir_Henry_Morgan -
South China Sea
http://wn.com/South_China_Sea -
Stede Bonnet
http://wn.com/Stede_Bonnet -
Stenka Razin
http://wn.com/Stenka_Razin -
Thomas Tew
http://wn.com/Thomas_Tew -
Timoji
Timoji (also referred to as Timoja or Timmayya) was a Hindu privateer who served the Vijayanagara Empire and the Portuguese Empire during the first decade of the 16th century. He claimed to have been born in Goa and to have escaped the city after its conquest by the Adil Shahi of Bijapur in 1496. After his support in the 1510 Portuguese conquest of Goa, he was for a short time appointed aguazil of the city.
http://wn.com/Timoji -
Tom Ayrton
Tom Ayrton is a fictional character who appears in two novels by French author Jules Verne. He is first introduced as a major character in the novel In Search of the Castaways (1867-1868). He then reappears in a later novel, The Mysterious Island (1874), in which his fate, left unknown at the ending of the previous novel, is resolved, and during the course of which his character undergoes change and achieves a .
http://wn.com/Tom_Ayrton -
Turgut Reis
http://wn.com/Turgut_Reis -
Wijerd Jelckama
http://wn.com/Wijerd_Jelckama -
William Bainbridge
http://wn.com/William_Bainbridge -
William Dampier
:This article is about the explorer. For the scientist, see William Cecil Dampier.
http://wn.com/William_Dampier -
William Kidd
http://wn.com/William_Kidd -
Woodes Rogers
http://wn.com/Woodes_Rogers -
Zain Verjee
Zain Verjee (born February 11, 1974) is a journalist of Indian descent who was born and raised in Kenya prior to immigrating to Canada. Currently, Verjee is co-anchor of CNN International's European morning program World Report, based in London. Previously, she worked as a newsreader for The Situation Room, as a State Department correspondent, and as a co-anchor of CNN International's Your World Today.
http://wn.com/Zain_Verjee -
Zheng Jing
Zheng Jing () (1642 - 1681) was a seventeenth century Chinese warlord and Ming Dynasty loyalist. He was the eldest son of Koxinga and grandson of pirate-merchant Zheng Zhilong. After the conquest of Taiwan in 1662 by his father, Zheng Jing controlled the military forces in Xiamen and Quemoy on his father's behalf. Upon the death of his father six months later, Zheng Jing contested throne as the King of Taiwan with his uncle, Zheng Shixi. The dispute was resolved in Zheng Jing's favor after he successfully landed an army in Taiwan despite strong opposition by the forces of his uncle. This was followed by Zheng Shixi withdrawing his claim.
http://wn.com/Zheng_Jing -
Zheng Yi Sao
http://wn.com/Zheng_Yi_Sao -
Zheng Zhilong
Zheng Zhilong (; 1604 – 1661) also known as Nicholas Iquan Gaspard, a native of Nan'an, Fujian, China. He was a Chinese merchant, pirate and admiral for the Ming Empire. He was the father of Zheng Chenggong (Koxinga), also a military leader. Qing raised Zheng Count of second class. His company was known as Iquan's Party.
http://wn.com/Zheng_Zhilong
Pirates of the Caribbean: the Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)
"Pirates of the Caribbean: the Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)" Actors
- Orlando Bloom
- Keira Knightley
- Jack Davenport
- Jonathan Pryce
- Lee Arenberg
- Mackenzie Crook
- Damian O'hare
- Giles New
- Angus Barnett
- David Bailie
- Michael Berry Jr.
- Isaac C. Singleton Jr.
- Kevin Mcnally
- Geoffrey Rush
- Johnny Depp
"Pirates of the Caribbean: the Curse of the Black Pearl (2003)" Director
Pirate Filmography
Pirate Filmography
karaoke
Let's kill the playlist
All the same bands
So repetitious
Denying us the freedom we deserve
Will someone tell my why we even listen?
Airwaves are filled with repeition
What ever happened to selection?
Tune in and they will waste your time
Is anybody bored yet?
They've got you by their strings again tonight
So quick to find that dollar in the sky
Follow new trends
Be sure you get it right
It's the same sounds
And the same songs
Watch the music change before your eyes
We need to see through the disguise
Bonded in leather
Pumping blood through my veins
Sweet virgins sacrificed
Screaming with pain
Drifting through night air
Life's so insane
Dark scattered figures
Shooting steel thru my brains!
Taken by force, showing no mercy
Taken by force, lay your life on the line
Taken by force, your life's so dirty
Taken by force, save your soul while there's time
Living a nightlife
Life's living low
Low hearted beasts
Leaving tracks in the snow
Numbers are searching
Searching the light
Just to be crushed
In the dark of the night
Taken by force, showing no mercy
Taken by force, lay your life on the line
Taken by force, your life's so dirty
Taken by force, save your soul while there's time
Shattered and hopeless
You've poisoned your mind
Cast of your worries
You'll leave'em behind
Drowning in sorrows
Tomorrow's not seen
Never know where you're going
Or cared where you've been...
Taken by force, showing no mercy
Taken by force, lay your life on the line
Taken by force, your life's so dirty
Taken by force, save your soul while there's time
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
The Pirates! Band of Misfits trailer 2012 official movie trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:58
- Published: 23 Jul 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
The Pirates! Band of Misfits trailer 2012 official movie trailer Hugh Grant, starring in his first animated role, is the luxuriantly bearded Pirate Captain -- a boundlessly enthusiastic, if somewhat less-than-successful, terror of the High Seas. With a rag-tag crew at his side (Martin Freeman, Brendan Gleeson, Russell Tovey, and Ashley Jensen), and seemingly blind to the impossible odds stacked against him, the Captain has one dream: to beat his bitter rivals Black Bellamy (Jeremy Piven) and Cutlass Liz (Salma Hayek) to the much coveted Pirate Of The Year Award. It's a quest that takes our heroes from the shores of exotic Blood Island to the foggy streets of Victorian London. Along the way they battle a diabolical queen (Imelda Staunton) and team up with a haplessly smitten young scientist (David Tennant), but never lose sight of what a pirate loves best: adventure! The Pirates! Band of Misfits trailer 2012 official movie trailer, courtesy Columbia Pictures. The Pirates! Band of Misfits trailer 2012 official movie trailer Genre: Animation, Family Official Website: ThePirates-movie.com Director: Peter Lord, Jeff Newitt Screenwriter: Gideon Defoe Starring: Hugh Grant, Martin Freeman, David Tennant, Imelda Staunton, Jeremy Piven, Salma Hayek, Brian Blessed, Brendan Gleeson, Russell Tovey, Ashley Jensen The Pirates! Band of Misfits trailer 2012 official movie trailer, presented in full HD 1080p resolution. Your daily dose of everything movies. Our passionate team of producers <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/The_Pirates!_Band_of_Misfits_trailer_2012_official_movie_trailer
you are a pirate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:59
- Published: 16 Sep 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
song from lazy town became a fad
http://wn.com/you_are_a_pirate
Blackbeard, Bluebeard & Redbeard - A Pirate Story by Eric Herman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:59
- Published: 17 Sep 2008
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
www.erichermanmusic.com To celebrate International Talk Like a Pirate Day on September 19th (and every other pirate holiday throughout the year), Eric Herman presents "Blackbeard, Bluebeard and Redbeard", a video depicting the story of three famous pirates who sailed together on a most colorful voyage. Definitely not as violent as the Family Guy pirate chase video, but funny tongue-in-cheek humor. The full lyrics and chords for this song can be found here: www.erichermanmusic.com This song, which was voted the "Best Children's Song" in 2006 by the Just Plain Folks organization, was written in collaboration with Kenn Nesbitt, a popular funny poetry author whose work can be read at www.poetry4kids.com The video was animated and directed by Eric's wife, Roseann Endres, and Eric and Roseann worked closely together to create the video. Eric Herman CDs are available at the following locations: Eric's website (CDs and MP3 albums): www.EricHermanMusic.com CDBaby (CDs and MP3 albums): www.cdbaby.com iTunes (MP3 songs and albums): phobos.apple.com Kidzmusic.com (MP3s): www.kidzmusic.com Amazon.com (CDs): www.amazon.com Amazon.com (MP3s): www.amazon.com CDs are also available at www.pokeypup.com and MP3s are also available at all other major digital distribution sites. For more information about Eric Herman's concerts and elementary school assembly programs, visit http
http://wn.com/Blackbeard,_Bluebeard_Redbeard_A_Pirate_Story_by_Eric_Herman
Pirates of the Caribbean: On Strange Tides - Trailer 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Published: 13 Dec 2010
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Now available on Disney Blu-ray™ Combo Pack / Blu-ray 3D and Movie Download: di.sn Official Site: disney.com Like us on Facebook: facebook.com Follow us on Twitter: twitter.com Johnny Depp returns to his iconic role of Captain Jack Sparrow in an action-packed tale of truth, betrayal, youth and demise. When Jack crosses paths with a woman from his past (Penélope Cruz), he's not sure if it's love—or if she's a ruthless con artist who's using him to find the fabled Fountain of Youth. When she forces him aboard the Queen Anne's Revenge, the ship of the formidable pirate Blackbeard (Ian McShane), Jack finds himself on an unexpected adventure in which he doesn't know who to fear more: Blackbeard or the woman from his past.
http://wn.com/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_On_Strange_Tides_Trailer_1
Talk like a Pirate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:27
- Published: 17 Sep 2006
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Learn to talk like a pirate. From loadingreadyrun.com
http://wn.com/Talk_like_a_Pirate
You are a Pirate Limewire 10 hours
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 600:00
- Published: 15 Jun 2011
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
lol, limewire.
http://wn.com/You_are_a_Pirate_Limewire_10_hours
Alestorm - You Are a Pirate!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:34
- Published: 27 May 2011
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Brand new Alestorm. The bonus track cover of YOU ARE A PIRATE!! Totally fitting. DISCLAIMER- go ahead and take this down for copyright, I was simply uploading this for people to hear the great music of Alestorm. I'm promoting the band, not stealing.
http://wn.com/Alestorm_You_Are_a_Pirate!
Monkey Island - A Pirate I was Mean't to Be
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:25
- Published: 21 Feb 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
This is hillarious. Probably my favourite part of Curse Monkey Island
http://wn.com/Monkey_Island_A_Pirate_I_was_Mean't_to_Be
The IT Crowd - Series 2 - Episode 3: Piracy warning
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:05
- Published: 18 Mar 2009
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
You wouldn't steal a policeman's helmet and go to the toilet in it... would you?
http://wn.com/The_IT_Crowd_Series_2_Episode_3_Piracy_warning
Pirates Rule!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 14:11
- Published: 04 Mar 2011
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
This is "Pirates Rule!" an animation made with LEGO bricks about a crew of pirates, some British guys, and ninjas fighting over a valuable chest of treasure. With action, adventure, comedy, and a giant alien cyborg man-eating squid! :) By the way, the rating at the begining says: "This film has been rated ARR! May be unsuitable for those who do not like pirates. For pirates, pirate content, a monkey cannons, pirate ships, swashbuckling pirate action, and pirate language such as "Argh!"" Pirates Rule! Copyright © 2011 Harrison Allen, Annoying Noises Productions
http://wn.com/Pirates_Rule!
Hans Zimmer - He's a Pirate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Published: 20 Dec 2008
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Pirates of the Caribbean theme song.
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer_He's_a_Pirate
Cosmo Jarvis - Gay Pirates
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:28
- Published: 22 Nov 2010
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Is the World Strange, Or am I Strange? The new album from Cosmo Jarvis, including Gay Pirates. Find out more on www.CosmoJarvis.com Also click http to get your free acoustic version of the song. Music Video for the song 'Gay Pirates' by Cosmo Jarvis. Video Directed by Cosmo Jarvis. DOP Dan Broadley. Production Assistant: Fletcher Jarvis. Pirates: Dave Egan, Cosmo Jarvis, Thomas Hannaford, Steve Jenner, Hugh Thompson, Aedan Jenner, Roan Jenner, Steve Johnson, Elliot Cook, Charlie Hannaford. Lighting: Chris Roberts. Art Direction: Rosie Hillier. Additional Set Painting, Cosmo Jarvis, Fletcher Jarvis, Amy Stopperton. Make-up: Robyn Egan. Props: Oli James. Additional Lights: Colly Collinson . Catering: Wendy Egan. Plank by Harvey Chatter Filmed in Holbeton Village Hall Thank you to everyone who made this possible.
http://wn.com/Cosmo_Jarvis_Gay_Pirates
Abney Park - Airship Pirate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 24 Jan 2009
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
[If you like this song, check out their other songs from their other albums Lost Horizons and Æther Shanties and many more! en.wikipedia.org ♥] Our fires high and the airbags tight Food's low but the skies are bright Props spinning all through the night We're low on cash but seen another target Goggles down and the cannons up My blood starts pumping as I drain my cup I give the wheel a spin and I turn this girl around We're way above ground but we're closed in on our target Flying Jib is filled with air East India ships filled with despair We even up, her broadsides bare Our cannons flair but its just a show of muscle Steady on, she doesnt need to burn She tries to flee and she tries to turn Grappling fire, we latch her hull Shes starting to roll, but weve got her on a leash With a crew of drunken pilots Were the only airship pirates Were full of hot air and were starting to rise Were the terror of the skies, but a danger to ourselves now Expendable crew starts to reel her in Our swords are sharpened and we're ready to sin Im three miles up, we're about to swing aboard My tether's made of leather so Im not about to fall here A swish of air and my boots hit deck No cash, no fuel, no not a speck Our grape shots made this bird a wreck And a glance below deck shows a crew of nuns and orphans With a crew of drunken pilots Were the only airship pirates Were full of hot air and were starting to rise Were the terror of the skies, but a danger to ourselves
http://wn.com/Abney_Park_Airship_Pirate
VeggieTales: The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything - Silly Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:15
- Published: 10 Aug 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
Hilarious "Silly Song" from the motion picture, The Pirates Who Don't Do Anything - A VeggieTales Movie. Available on DVD and digital download. Details and more Veggie fun at veggietales.com
http://wn.com/VeggieTales_The_Pirates_Who_Don't_Do_Anything_Silly_Song
Why is the Rum Gone? - Remix
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Published: 11 Aug 2007
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
~!~!~MP3 DOWNLOAD!~!~! www.andrewvanvlear.com --------- A musical remix of Pirates of the Caribbean in the style of the infamous "They're Taking the Hobbits to Isengard." FAQ: Q. What program did you use to make this amazing masterpiece? A. I used Final Cut Express for the video and Logic Pro to compose and mix the audio. Q. Can I use the audio for a remix of a remix that I am making? A. Yes. Go right ahead. Q. Why is the rum gone? A. Well the answer is simple. It is b--- *gets pulled offstage by a cane*
http://wn.com/Why_is_the_Rum_Gone?_Remix
"Pirate Radio" - Official Trailer [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:18
- Published: 06 Oct 2009
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
This film really captures the freedom spirit of the 60's. Coming to theaters on November 13, 2009. Starring: Philip Seymour Hoffman, Bill Nighy, Rhys Ifans, Nick Frost, Kenneth Branagh, Tom Sturridge, Talulah Riley Pirate Radio is the newest ensemble comedy from filmmaker Richard Curtis (screenwriter of Four Weddings and a Funeral and Notting Hill, and writer/director of Love Actually), spinning the irreverent yet fact-based tale of a seafaring band of rogue rock and roll deejays whose pirate radio captivated and inspired 1960s Britain. Playing the music that rocked a nation and a decade, the group boldly and hilariously defies the government that tries to shut them down. Broadcasting live 24/7 from an old tanker anchored in the middle of the North Sea (just beyond British jurisdiction), Radio Rock sends out a vibrant and unifying signal to millions across the nation, ranging in age from wide-eyed pre-teens secretly tuning in long past their bedtimes to everyday people in need of a musical pick-me-up. The Radio Rock roster, overseen by unflappable station owner (and ships captain) Quentin (Bill Nighy), includes a risk-prone American known only as The Count (Philip Seymour Hoffman); mystic deejay royalty Gavin (Rhys Ifans); slyly amorous Dave (Nick Frost); idiosyncratic New Zealander Angus (Rhys Darby); the rarely seen Bob (Ralph Brown); the aptly named Thick Kevin (Tom Brooke); lovelorn Simon (Chris ODowd); ladies magnet Mark (Tom Wisdom); shy Harold (Ike Hamilton <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Pirate_Radio_Official_Trailer_HD_
Talk Like a Pirate Day: The Five A's
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:02
- Published: 03 Jul 2006
- Updated: 26 Aug 2012
The Pirate Guys, Ol' Chumbucket and Cap'n Slappy teach ye lubbers the basics of talkin' like a pirate
http://wn.com/Talk_Like_a_Pirate_Day_The_Five_A's
Pirate King -The Pirates of Penzance (Subtitles)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:12
- Published: 22 Jul 2007
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
Kevin Kline and the Chorus sing "The Pirate King" Exclusive to those in my friends list. No copyright infringement intended. No profit is being made (more)
http://wn.com/Pirate_King_-The_Pirates_of_Penzance_Subtitles
The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists : OFFICIAL UK TRAILER
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:08
- Published: 14 Jul 2011
- Updated: 25 Aug 2012
In The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists, Hugh Grant stars in his first animated role as the luxuriantly bearded Pirate Captain -- a boundlessly enthusiastic, if somewhat less-than-successful, terror of the High Seas. With a rag-tag crew at his side (Martin Freeman, Brendan Gleeson, Russell Tovey, and Ashley Jensen), and seemingly blind to the impossible odds stacked against him, the Captain has one dream: to beat his bitter rivals Black Bellamy (Jeremy Piven) and Cutlass Liz (Salma Hayek) to the much coveted Pirate Of The Year Award. It's a quest that takes our heroes from the shores of exotic Blood Island to the foggy streets of Victorian London. Along the way they do battle with the pirate-hating Queen Victoria (Imelda Staunton) and team up with a young Charles Darwin (David Tennant), but never lose sight of what a pirate loves best: adventure!
http://wn.com/The_Pirates!_In_an_Adventure_with_Scientists_OFFICIAL_UK_TRAILER
Pirates of the Caribbean 1 Bloopers
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:12
- Published: 16 Feb 2007
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Here are the bloopers from the first Pirates of the Caribbean movie. Directed by Gore Verbinski! I love these movies!! and of course Johnny Depp and Orlando Bloom!!! =) Love, Torey
http://wn.com/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_1_Bloopers
ALESTORM - Keelhauled (Official)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:50
- Published: 26 Jun 2009
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
tinyurl.com The Scottish buccaneers stand ready to capture the wealth of the Seven Seas. "Black Sails at Midnight" offers a treasure chest of sweeping Scottish Pirate Metal worthy of any loot-loving corsair. Irresistible growling choruses from the port side and lively keyboard melodies and heavy metal riffs from the starboard side form the basis of this highly explosive rum-induced metal mix. The catchy tales of life on the high seas, including "Keelhauled" or "The Quest", use authentic instruments (violin, horns) to give these maritime jewels their final polish. Producer Lasse Lammert (LSD Studio) has given "Black Sails at Midnight" a unique and powerful sound, which earned him many a wench and much wealth from Captain Morgan's personal stash, while James Murphy, known for his outstanding work with Death and Obituary, took over the mastering responsibilities. The album's limited edition includes a live bonus DVD featuring the buccaneer's entire 2008 Wacken performance. Alestorm have hoisted the black sails...Let the raids begin! Order your copy @ Napalm: www.napalmrecords.com Order Alestrom Merch @ Napalm: www.napalmrecords.com Get the original ALESTORM pirate flagg: www.napalmrecords.com Get the Video Clip @ iTunes: ax.itunes.apple.com Produced & directed by Silvan Büge, Blackstage Videoproduction Production Design: Ellan Parry Costume Assistant: Samantha Kent Pirates: Ian Nash, Michael Bendip, James Burton
http://wn.com/ALESTORM_Keelhauled_Official
He's A Pirate on eight floppy drives
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:23
- Published: 14 Feb 2012
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
One more request down. Enjoy! ________________________________________________________ Enjoyed this? You know you did. Check out my other stuff: youtube.com/playlist?list=PL44C2614808EB920E FAQ: dl.dropbox.com Request Status: dl.dropbox.com
http://wn.com/He's_A_Pirate_on_eight_floppy_drives
Pirates of the Caribbean 3 - At World's End Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 20 Mar 2007
- Updated: 27 Aug 2012
Pirates of the Caribbean 3 - At World's End English Trailer
http://wn.com/Pirates_of_the_Caribbean_3_At_World's_End_Trailer
Creative Commons
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This article is about maritime piracy. For other uses, see Pirate (disambiguation).
Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence at sea. The term can include acts committed on land, in the air, or in other major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against persons traveling on the same vessel as the perpetrator (e.g. one passenger stealing from others on the same vessel). The term has been used to refer to raids across land borders by non-state agents.
Piracy is the name of a specific crime under customary international law and also the name of a number of crimes under the municipal law of a number of States. It is distinguished from privateering, which is authorized by national authorities and therefore a legitimate form of war-like activity by non-state actors. Privateering is considered commerce raiding, and was outlawed by the Peace of Westphalia (1648) for signatories to those treaties.
Those who engage in acts of piracy are called pirates. Historically, offenders have usually been apprehended by military personnel and tried by military tribunals.
In the 21st century, the international community is facing many problems in bringing pirates to justice.[1]
Contents |
Etymology[link]
The English "pirate" is derived from the Latin term pirata and that from Greek "πειρατής" (peiratēs), "brigand",[2] in turn from "πειράομαι" (peiráomai), "I attempt", from "πεῖρα" (peîra), "attempt, experience".[3] The word is also cognate to peril.[4]
History[link]
Ancient origins[link]
Main article: Ancient Mediterranean Piracy
It may be reasonable to assume that piracy has existed for as long as the oceans were plied for commerce. The earliest documented instances of piracy are the exploits of the Sea Peoples who threatened the Aegean and Mediterranean in the 14th century BC.[5] These pirates were known to wield cutlasses, a type of sword common in that era. In Classical Antiquity, the Illyrians and Tyrrhenians were known as pirates, as well as Greeks and Romans. During their voyages the Phoenicians seem to have sometimes resorted to piracy, and specialized in kidnapping boys and girls to be sold as slaves.[6]
In the 3rd century BC, pirate attacks on Olympos (city in Anatolia) brought impoverishment. Among some of the most famous ancient pirateering peoples were the Illyrians, populating the western Balkan peninsula. Constantly raiding the Adriatic Sea, the Illyrians caused many conflicts with the Roman Republic. It was not until 168 BC when the Romans finally conquered Illyria, making it a province that ended their threat.
During the 1st century BC, there were pirate states along the Anatolian coast, threatening the commerce of the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean. On one voyage across the Aegean Sea in 75 BC,[7] Julius Caesar was kidnapped by Cilician pirates and held prisoner in the Dodecanese islet of Pharmacusa.[8] He maintained an attitude of superiority and good cheer throughout his captivity. When the pirates decided to demand a ransom of twenty talents of gold, Caesar is said to have insisted that he was worth at least fifty, and the pirates indeed raised the ransom to fifty talents. After the ransom was paid and Caesar was released, he raised a fleet, pursued and captured the pirates, and had them crucified.
The Senate finally invested with powers to deal with piracy in 67 BC (the Lex Gabinia), and Pompey after three months of naval warfare managed to suppress the threat.
As early as 258 AD, the Gothic-Herulic fleet ravaged towns on the coasts of the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara. The Aegean coast suffered similar attacks a few years later. In 264, the Goths reached Galatia and Cappadocia, and Gothic pirates landed on Cyprus and Crete. In the process, the Goths seized enormous booty and took thousands into captivity.
In 286 AD, Carausius, a Roman military commander of Gaulish origins, was appointed to command the Classis Britannica, and given the responsibility of eliminating Frankish and Saxon pirates who had been raiding the coasts of Armorica and Belgic Gaul.
In the Roman province of Britannia, Saint Patrick was captured and enslaved by Irish pirates.
Early Polynesian warriors attacked seaside and riverside villages. They used the sea for their hit-and-run tactics – a safe place to retreat to if the battle turned against them.
Middle Ages to 19th century[link]
The most widely known and far reaching pirates in medieval Europe were the Vikings, warriors and looters from Scandinavia who raided mainly between the 8th and 12th centuries, during the Viking Age in the Early Middle Ages. They raided the coasts, rivers and inland cities of all Western Europe as far as Seville, attacked by the Norse in 844. Vikings even attacked coasts of North Africa and Italy. They also plundered all the coasts of the Baltic Sea, ascending the rivers of Eastern Europe as far as the Black Sea and Persia. The lack of centralized powers all over Europe during the Middle Ages favoured pirates all over the continent.[vague][citation needed]
In the Late Middle Ages, the Frisian pirates led by respectively Pier Gerlofs Donia and Wijerd Jelckama, fought against the troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Empire with some success, capturing as many as 28 ships in one battle earning Donia the title "Cross of the Dutchman" and making him one of the most famous and iconic pirates of the era.
Meanwhile, Moor pirates were common in the Mediterranean Sea. Toward the end of the 9th century, Moor pirate havens were established along the coast of southern France and northern Italy.[9] In 846 Moor raiders sacked Rome and damaged the Vatican. In 911, the bishop of Narbonne was unable to return to France from Rome because the Moors from Fraxinet controlled all the passes in the Alps. Moor pirates operated out of the Balearic Islands in the 10th century. From 824 to 961 Arab pirates in Emirate of Crete raided the entire Mediterranean. In the 14th century, raids by Moor pirates forced the Venetian Duke of Crete to ask Venice to keep its fleet on constant guard.[10]
After the Slavic invasions of the Balkan peninsula in the 5th and 6th centuries, a Slavic tribe settled the land of Pagania between Dalmatia and Zachlumia in the first half of the 7th century. These Slavs revived the old Illyrian piratical habits and often raided the Adriatic Sea. By 642 they invaded southern Italy and assaulted Siponto. Their raids in the Adriatic increased rapidly, until the whole Sea was no longer safe for travel.
The Narentines, as they were called, took more liberties in their raiding quests while the Venetian Navy was abroad, as when it was campaigning in Sicilian waters in 827–882. As soon as the Venetian fleet would return to the Adriatic, the Narentines temporarily abandoned their habits again, even signing a Treaty in Venice and baptising their Slavic pagan leader into Christianity. In 834 or 835 they broke the treaty and again the Neretva pirates raided Venetian traders returning from Benevento, and all of Venice's military attempts to punish the Marians in 839 and 840 utterly failed. Later, they raided the Venetians more often, together with the Arabs. In 846, the Narentines broke through to Venice itself and raided its lagoon city of Caorle. In the middle of March 870 they kidnapped the Roman Bishop's emissaries that were returning from the Ecclesiastical Council in Constantinople. This caused a Byzantine military action against them that finally brought Christianity to them.
After the Arab raids on the Adriatic coast circa 872 and the retreat of the Imperial Navy, the Narentines continued their raids of Venetian waters, causing new conflicts with the Italians in 887–888. The Venetians futilely continued to fight them throughout the 10th and 11th centuries.
In 937, Irish pirates sided with the Scots, Vikings, Picts, and Welsh in their invasion of England. Athelstan drove them back.
The Slavic piracy in the Baltic Sea ended with the Danish conquest of the Rani stronghold of Arkona in 1168. In the 12th century the coasts of western Scandinavia were plundered by Curonians and Oeselians from the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea. In the 13th and 14th century pirates threatened the Hanseatic routes and nearly brought sea trade to the brink of extinction. The Victual Brothers of Gotland were a companionship of privateers who later turned to piracy. Until about 1440, maritime trade in both the North Sea and the Baltic Sea was seriously in danger of attack by the pirates.
A little-known example of inland piracy is the looting of salt transports that took place on lake Traunsee in medieval Austria. Salt from salterns at the upper Traun river was exported downstream by boat across the lake, and further on to Bohemia via the Danube. These boats were often captured by pirates between the years 955 and 1000 until duke Otakar V. of Chiemgau and duke Liutold II. of Raschenberg-Reichenhall seized a pirate stronghold on lake Traunsee.[11]
H. Thomas Milhorn mentions a certain Englishman named William Maurice, convicted of piracy in 1241, as the first person known to have been hanged, drawn and quartered,[12] which would indicate that the then-ruling King Henry III took an especially severe view of this crime.
The ushkuiniks were Novgorodian pirates who looted the cities on the Volga and Kama Rivers in the 14th century.
As early as Byzantine times, the Maniots (one of Greece's toughest populations) were known as pirates. The Maniots considered piracy as a legitimate response to the fact that their land was poor and it became their main source of income. The main victims of Maniot pirates were the Ottomans but the Maniots also targeted ships of European countries.
The Haida and Tlingit tribes, who lived along the coast of southern Alaska and on islands in northwest British Columbia, were traditionally known as fierce warriors, pirates and slave-traders, raiding as far as California.[13]
In India[link]
Instances of piracy in India are recorded on Vedas. However, the most interesting one is when the issue of war due to piracy. Invasion of Sindh, In the 7th century, the new kingdom of Hajjaz launched trade ships to India especially Sindh. However, a ship en route from Sri Lanka to Baghdad was carrying valuables and some slave girls which were looted off Debal. One of the slave girls sent a letter challenging the Caliph saying that he cannot rescue them. The Caliph sent a portion of his army to save the slaves. But, the people of Sindh became wary and thought of this army as a threat. This became an excuse for war between Arabs and Sindh.[14] Since the 14th century the Deccan (Southern Peninsular region of India) was divided into two entities: on the one side stood the Muslim Bahmani Sultanate and on the other stood the Hindu kings rallied around the Vijayanagara Empire. Continuous wars demanded frequent resupplies of fresh horses, which were imported through sea routes from Persia and Africa. This trade was subjected to frequent raids by thriving bands of pirates based in the coastal cities of Western India. One of such was Timoji, who operated off Anjadip Island both as a privateer (by seizing horse traders, that he rendered to the raja of Honavar) and as a pirate who attacked the Kerala merchant fleets that traded pepper with Gujarat.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, there was frequent European piracy against Mughal Indian merchants, especially those en route to Mecca for Hajj. The situation came to a head, when Portuguese attacked and captured the vessel Rahimi which belonged to Mariam Zamani the Mughal queen, which led to the Mughal seizure of the Portuguese town Daman.[15] In the 18th century, the famous Maratha privateer Kanhoji Angre ruled the seas between Mumbai and Goa.[16] The Marathas attacked British shipping and insisted that East India Company ships pay taxes if sailing through their waters.[17]
At one stage, the pirate population of Madagascar numbered close to 1000.[18] Île Sainte-Marie became a popular base for pirates throughout the 17th and 18th centuries. The most famous pirate utopia is that of the probably fictional Captain Misson and his pirate crew, who allegedly founded the free colony of Libertatia in northern Madagascar in the late 17th century, until it was destroyed in a surprise attack by the island natives in 1694.[19]
The southern coast of the Persian Gulf became known as the Pirate Coast as raiders based there harassed foreign shipping. Early British expeditions to protect the Indian Ocean trade from raiders at Ras al-Khaimah led to campaigns against that headquarters and other harbours along the coast in 1819.[20] Captain Kidd captured many vessels of the Mughal King.
In East Asia[link]
Main article: Wokou
From the 13th century, Wokou based in Japan made their debut in East Asia, initiating invasions that would persist for 300 years.
Piracy in South East Asia[21] began with the retreating Mongol Yuan fleet after the betrayal by their Javanese allies (who, incidentally, would found the empire of Majapahit after the Mongols left). They preferred the junk, a ship using a more robust sail layout. Marooned navy officers, consisting mostly of Cantonese and Hokkien tribesmen, set up their small gangs near river estuaries, mainly to protect themselves. They recruited locals as common foot-soldiers known as 'lang' (lanun) to set up their fortresses. They survived by utilizing their well trained pugilists, as well as marine and navigation skills, mostly along Sumatran and Javanese estuaries. Their strength and ferocity coincided with the impending trade growth of the maritime silk and spice routes.
During the mid-Qing dynasty, Chinese pirate fleets grew increasingly powerful throughout the early 19th century. The effects large-scale piracy had on the Chinese economy were immense. They preyed voraciously on China's junk trade, which flourished in Fujian and Guangdong and was a vital artery of Chinese commerce. Pirate fleets exercised hegemony over villages on the coast, collecting revenue by exacting tribute and running extortion rackets. In 1802, the menacing Zheng Yi inherited the fleet of his cousin, captain Zheng Qi, whose death provided Zheng Yi with considerably more influence in the world of piracy. Zheng Yi and his wife, Zheng Yi Sao (who would eventually inherit the leadership of his pirate confederacy) then formed a pirate coalition that, by 1804, consisted of over ten thousand men. Their military might alone was sufficient to combat the Qing navy. However, a combination of famine, Qing naval opposition, and internal rifts crippled piracy in China around the 1820s, and it has never again reached the same status.
The Buginese sailors of South Sulawesi were infamous as pirates who used to range as far west as Singapore and as far north as the Philippines in search of targets for piracy.[22] The Orang laut pirates controlled shipping in the Straits of Malacca and the waters around Singapore,[23] and the Malay and Sea Dayak pirates preyed on maritime shipping in the waters between Singapore and Hong Kong from their haven in Borneo.[24]
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In the 1840s and 1850s, United States Navy and Royal Navy forces campaigned together against Chinese pirates. Several notable battles were fought though pirate junks continued operating off China for years more. During the Second Opium War and the Taiping Rebellion, piratical junks were again destroyed in large numbers by British naval forces but ultimately it wasn't until the 1860s and 1870s that fleets of pirate junks ceased to exist.
In Eastern Europe[link]
One example of a pirate republic in Europe from the 16th through the 18th century was Zaporizhian Sich. Situated in the remote Steppe, it was populated with Ukrainian peasants that had run away from their feudal masters, outlaws of every sort, destitute gentry, run-away slaves from Turkish galleys, etc. The remoteness of the place and the rapids at the Dnepr river effectively guarded the place from invasions of vengeful powers. The main target of the inhabitants of Zaporizhian Sich who called themselves "Cossacks" were rich settlements at the Black Sea shores of Ottoman Empire and Crimean Khanate.[25] By 1615 and 1625, Zaporozhian Cossacks had even managed to raze townships on the outskirts of Istanbul, forcing the Ottoman Sultan to flee his palace.[26] Don Cossacks under Stenka Razin even ravaged the Persian coasts.[27]
In North Africa[link]
Main article: Barbary pirates
The Barbary pirates were pirates and privateers that operated from North African (the "Barbary coast") ports of Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli and ports in Morocco, preying on shipping in the western Mediterranean Sea from the time of the Crusades as well as on ships on their way to Asia around Africa until the early 19th century. The coastal villages and towns of Italy, Spain and Mediterranean islands were frequently attacked by them and long stretches of the Italian and Spanish coasts were almost completely abandoned by their inhabitants; after 1600 Barbary pirates occasionally entered the Atlantic and struck as far north as Iceland. According to Robert Davis[28][29] between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and the Ottoman Empire between the 16th and 19th centuries. The most famous corsairs were the Ottoman Hayreddin and his older brother Oruç Reis (Redbeard), Turgut Reis (known as Dragut in the West), Kurtoğlu (known as Curtogoli in the West), Kemal Reis, Salih Reis and Koca Murat Reis. A few Barbary pirates, such as the Dutch Jan Janszoon and the English John Ward [Yusuf Reis], were renegade European privateers who had converted to Islam.
According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the United States treated captured Barbary corsairs as prisoners of war, indicating that they were considered as legitimate privateers by at least some of their opponents, as well as by their home countries.
In the Caribbean[link]
Main article: Piracy in the Caribbean
In 1523, Jean Fleury seized two Spanish treasure ships carrying Aztec treasures from Mexico to Spain.[30] The great or classic era of piracy in the Caribbean extends from around 1560 up until the mid 1720s. The period during which pirates were most successful was from 1700 until the 1730s. Many pirates came to the Caribbean after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession, staying in the Caribbean and becoming pirates. Others, the buccaneers, arrived in the mid-to-late 17th century and made attempts at earning a living by farming and hunting on Hispaniola and nearby islands; pressed by Spanish raids and possibly failure of their means of making a living (wild herds having been deliberately wiped out by the Spanish) they turned to a more lucrative occupation. Caribbean piracy arose out of, and on a smaller scale mirrored, the conflicts over trade and colonization among the rival European powers of the time including the empires of Britain, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal and France. Most of these pirates were of English, Dutch and French origin, but occasionally Spaniards turned to piracy as well. Because Spain controlled most of the Caribbean, many of the attacked cities and ships belonged to the Spanish Empire and along the East coast of America and the West coast of Africa. Dutch ships captured about 500 Spanish and Portuguese ships between 1623 and 1638.[5] Some of the best-known pirate bases were New Providence, in the Bahamas from 1715 to 1725,[31] Tortuga established in the 1640s and Port Royal after 1655. Among the most famous Caribbean pirates are Edward Teach or Blackbeard, Calico Jack Rackham, Henry Morgan and Bartholomew Roberts. Another famous pirate of this era was Hendrick Lucifer, who fought for hours to acquire Cuban gold, becoming mortally wounded in the process. He died of his wounds hours after having transferred the booty to his ship.[32] Most pirates were eventually hunted down by the Royal Navy and killed or captured; several battles were fought between the brigands and the colonial powers on both land and sea.
Piracy in the Caribbean declined for the next several decades after 1730, but by the 1810s many pirates roamed American waters though they were not as bold or successful as their predecessors. Throughout the first quarter of the 19th century, the United States Navy repeatedly engaged pirates in the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and in the Mediterranean. Several warships were designed specifically for the task. The most successful pirates of the era were Jean Lafitte and Roberto Cofresi. Lafitte's ships operated primarily in the Gulf of Mexico but Cofresi's base was in Puerto Rico where he was considered a type of Robin Hood by many Puerto Ricans. Eventually he was defeated by the schooner USS Grampus and captured in 1825. The United States landed shore parties on several islands in the Caribbean in pursuit of pirates; Cuba was a major haven. By the 1830s piracy had died out again, and the navies of the region focused on the slave trade.
In 1827, Britain declared that participation in the slave trade was piracy, a crime punishable by death. The power of the Royal Navy was subsequently used to suppress the slave trade, and while some illegal trade (mostly with Brazil and Cuba) continued, the Atlantic slave trade would be eradicated by the middle of the 19th century.
In the 20th Century, one notable pirate active in the Caribbean was Boysie Singh. He operated off northern South America. He and his pirate gang killed several people and plundered their ships from 1947 to 1956.[33]
Recently, with the proliferation of small private yachts cruising the Caribbean, piracy is again on the rise with many yachts being plundered and their crews often tortured, raped or slain.
In North America[link]
Ocean piracy, off the coasts of North America, continued as late as the 1870s. Pirates who operated in the Caribbean often sailed north to attack targets off the present day eastern seaboard of the United States. Possibly the most famous of these was Blackbeard, who operated in the American south, attacking ships and at one point even blockading Charleston, South Carolina. Later in the 19th century, after the Golden Age of Piracy, Jean Lafitte became what is considered by many to be the last buccaneer due to his army of pirates and fleet of pirate ships which held bases in and around the Gulf of Mexico. Lafitte and his men participated in the War of 1812 battle of New Orleans and later his ships fought the United States Navy and the United States Revenue Cutter Service. Eventually, Lafitte was evicted from the area by United States forces after several accidental sinking of U.S ships due to the rest of the crew attacking an American ship, thinking it was a Mexican ship, battles and raids. Between 1822 and 1825, the American West Indies Squadron fought against pirates in the Caribbean.
By 1830, piracy in the Gulf of Mexico became rare with the exception of slave traders, who were considered pirates. In 1860 during the Reform War, the United States Navy fought the Battle of Anton Lizardo against rebels which were declared pirates by the Mexican government. In 1870, the United States again fought pirates off Mexico during the Battle of Boca Teacapan. The pirates had attacked and captured Guaymas, Mexico, looted the foreign residents of their belongings and forced the United States consulate in Guaymas to provide their steamer with coal, after which they sailed for Boca Teacapan, Sinaloa. A United States Navy expedition under Willard H. Brownson was launched, resulting in the destruction of the pirate ship. The invention of steam powered vessels eventually put an end to piracy off North America though some isolated incidents continued to occur into the 1920s.
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River piracy, in late 18th-mid-19th century America, was primarily concentrated along the Ohio River and Mississippi River valleys. River pirates usually located their operations in isolated frontier settlements, which were sparsely populated areas lacking the protection of civilized government. They resorted to a variety of tactics, depending on the number of pirates and size of the boat crews involved. They were involved in river piracy including; deception, concealment, ambush, and assaults in open combat, near natural obstacles and curiosities, such as shelter caves, islands, river narrows, rapids, swamps, and marshes. River travelers were robbed, captured, and murdered and their livestock, slaves, cargo, and flatboats, keelboats, and rafts were sunk or sold down river.
After the Revolutionary War, American river piracy began to take root, in the mid-1780s, along the upper Mississippi River, between Spanish Upper Louisiana, around St. Louis, down to the confluence of the Ohio River, at Cairo.
In 1803, at Tower Rock, the U.S. Army dragoons, possibly, from the frontier army post up river at Fort Kaskaskia, on the Illinois side opposite St. Louis, raided and drove out the river pirates.
Stack Island became associated with river pirates and counterfeiters, starting in the late 1790s. In 1809, the last major river pirate activity, on the Upper Mississippi River, came to an abrupt end, when a group of flatboatmen, meeting at the head of the Nine Mile Reach, decided to make a raid on Stack Island and wipe out the river pirates. They attacked at night, a battle ensued, and two of the boatmen and several outlaws were killed. The attackers captured 19 other men, a 15-year-old boy and two women. The women and teenager were allowed to leave. The remaining outlaws are presumed to have been executed.
From 1790-1834, Cave-In-Rock was the principal outlaw lair and headquarters of river pirate activity in the Ohio River region. The notorious cave, is today, within the peaceful confines of Illinois' Cave-in-Rock State Park. In 1797, it was anything but, peaceful, as Samuel Mason, who was initially, a Revolutionary War Patriot captain in the Ohio County, Virginia militia and a former associate judge and squire in Kentucky, led a gang of highway robbers and river pirates on the Ohio River. Mason started his criminal organization in Red Banks and was driven out by regulators, sweeping through western Kentucky and first set up his new operation at Diamond Island, followed by Cave-In-Rock, and later, along the Mississippi River, from Stack Island to Natchez.
During Samuel Mason's 1797-1799 occupation of Cave-In-Rock and after his departure, the name of Bully Wilson became associated with cave; a large sign was erected near the natural landmark's entrance, "Liquor Vault and House for Entertainment." Wilson may have been an alias for Mason, a front man for his criminal operation, or another outlaw leader who ran a gang of pirates in the region. The Harpe Brothers who were allegedly America's first serial killers, were highwaymen, on the run from the law in Tennessee and Kentucky and briefly, joined Samuel Mason's gang at Cave-In-Rock. Peter Alston, the son of American counterfeiter, Philip Alston who through his father, became a river pirate and highwayman at Cave-In-Rock and made the acquaintance of Samuel Mason and Wiley Harpe, following them to Stack Island and Natchez. Around the late 18th century to early 19th century, on the Illinois side of the Ohio River, north of Cave-In-Rock, Jonathan Brown led a small gang of river pirates at Battery Rock.
The lower Ohio River country was routinely, patrolled by the Legion of the United States and U.S. Army troops, garrisoned at Fort Massac, as constabulary against Native Americans, colonial raiders from Spanish Upper Louisiana Territory, and river outlaws in the region.
Between 1800 and 1820[citation needed], the legendary Colonel Plug also, known as Col. Plug or Colonel Fluger, ran a gang of river pirates on the Ohio River, in a cypress swamp, near the mouth of the Cache River, which was below Cave-In-Rock and Fort Massac and just above the confluence of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. Plug's tactics were to sneak aboard, personally, or have one of his pirates, secretly, go into the hull of a boat and either, dig out the caulking between the floor planks or drill holes with an auger, causing the boat to sink and be easily attacked. The boat and the cargo would later be sold down river. Little is known about Colonel Plug except, from the folklorish descriptions provided in 1830 by Timothy Flint's "Col. Plug, the last of the Boat-wreckers," in The Western Monthly Review and "The Boat-Wreckers—Or Banditti of the West," in the Rochester, New Yorknewspaper, Daily Advertiser, Jan. 29, 1830. Fluger claimed to have been a Yankee native of Rockingham County, New Hampshire and was a former militia colonel. No historical evidence exists to justify this, as no Fluger surname can be found in the New Hampshire U.S. census records or the Rockingham County military muster rolls.
James Ford, an American Ohio River civic leader and businessman, secretly, led a gang of river pirates and highwaymen, from the 1820s to the mid-1830s, on the Ohio River, in Illinois and Kentucky.
River piracy continued on the lower Mississippi River, from the early 1800s to the mid 1830's, these river pirates were mainly, organized into large gangs similar to Samuel Mason's organization around Cave-In-Rock or smaller gangs under the operation of John A. Murrell, which also, existed, from the 1820s to the mid-1830s, between Stack Island and Natchez, in the state of Mississippi.
The decline of river piracy occurred, over time, as a result of direct military action taken and the combined strength of local law enforcement and regulator-vigilante groups, that uprooted and swept out pockets of outlaw resistance.
Great Lakes piracy occurred, from 1900–1930, on Lake Michigan, through the exploits of "Roaring" Dan Seavey.
Popular image[link]
Main article: Golden Age of Piracy
In the popular modern imagination, pirates of the classical period were rebellious, clever teams who operated outside the restricting bureaucracy of modern life. Pirates were also depicted as always raising their Jolly Roger flag when preparing to hijack a vessel. The Jolly Roger is the traditional name for the flags of European and American pirates and a symbol for piracy that has been adopted by film-makers and toy manufacturers.
Pirate democracy[link]
See also: Pirate code and distribution of justice
Unlike traditional Western societies of the time, many Caribbean pirate crews of European descent operated as limited democracies. Pirate communities were some of the first to instate a system of checks and balances similar to the one used by the present-day United States and many other countries. The first record of such a government aboard a pirate sloop dates to the 17th century.[34]
Both the captain and the quartermaster were elected by the crew; they, in turn, appointed the other ship's officers. The captain of a pirate ship was often a fierce fighter in whom the men could place their trust, rather than a more traditional authority figure sanctioned by an elite. However, when not in battle, the quartermaster usually had the real authority. Many groups of pirates shared in whatever they seized; pirates injured in battle might be afforded special compensation similar to medical or disability insurance.
There are contemporary records that many pirates placed a portion of any captured money into a central fund that was used to compensate the injuries sustained by the crew. Lists show standardised payments of 600 pieces of eight ($156,000 in modern currency) for the loss of a leg down to 100 pieces ($26,800) for loss of an eye. Often all of these terms were agreed upon and written down by the pirates, but these articles could also be used as incriminating proof that they were outlaws.
Treasure[link]
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Even though pirates raided many ships, few, if any, buried their treasure. Often, the "treasure" that was stolen was food, water, alcohol, weapons, or clothing. Other things they stole were household items like bits of soap and gear like rope and anchors, or sometimes they would keep the ship they captured (either to sell off or keep because it was better than their ship). Such items were likely to be needed immediately, rather than saved for future trade. For this reason, there was no reason for the pirates to bury these goods. Pirates tended to kill few people aboard the ships they captured; usually they would kill no one if the ship surrendered because, if it became known that pirates took no prisoners, their victims would fight to the last and make victory both very difficult and costly in lives. In contrast, ships would quickly surrender if they knew they would be spared. In one well-documented case 300 heavily armed soldiers on a ship attacked by Thomas Tew surrendered after a brief battle with none of Tew's 40-man crew being injured.[35]
Rewards[link]
Pirates had a system of hierarchy on board their ships determining how captured money was distributed. However, pirates were more "egalitarian" than any other area of employment at the time. In fact pirate quartermasters were a counterbalance to the captain and had the power to veto his orders. The majority of plunder was in the form of cargo and ship's equipment with medicines the most highly prized. A vessel's doctor's chest would be worth anywhere from £300 to £400, or around $470,000 in today's values. Jewels were common plunder but not popular as they were hard to sell, and pirates, unlike the public of today, had little concept of their value. There is one case recorded where a pirate was given a large diamond worth a great deal more than the value of the handful of small diamonds given his crewmates as a share. He felt cheated and had it broken up to match what they received.[36]
Spanish pieces of eight minted in Mexico or Seville were the standard trade currency in the American colonies. However, every colony still used the monetary units of pounds, shillings and pence for bookkeeping while Spanish, German, French and Portuguese money were all standard mediums of exchange as British law prohibited the export of British silver coinage. Until the exchange rates were standardised in the late 18th century each colony legislated its own different exchange rates. In England, 1 piece of eight was worth 4s 3d while it was worth 8s in New York, 7s 6d in Pennsylvania and 6s 8d in Virginia. One 18th century English shilling was worth around $58 in modern currency so a piece of eight could be worth anywhere from $246 to $465. As such, the value of pirate plunder could vary considerably depending on who recorded it and where.[37][38]
Ordinary seamen received a part of the plunder at the captain's discretion but usually a single share. On average, a pirate could expect the equivalent of a year's wages as his share from each ship captured while the crew of the most successful pirates would often each receive a share valued at around £1,000 ($1.17 million) at least once in their career.[36] One of the larger amounts taken from a single ship was that by captain Thomas Tew from an Indian merchantman in 1692. Each ordinary seaman on his ship received a share worth £3,000 ($3.5 million) with officers receiving proportionally larger amounts as per the agreed shares with Tew himself receiving 2½ shares. It is known there were actions with multiple ships captured where a single share was worth almost double this.[36][39]
By contrast, an ordinary seamen in the Royal Navy received 19s per month to be paid in a lump sum at the end of a tour of duty which was around half the rate paid in the Merchant Navy. However, corrupt officers would often "tax" their crews' wage to supplement their own and the Royal Navy of the day was infamous for its reluctance to pay. From this wage, 6d per month was deducted for the maintenance of Greenwich Hospital with similar amounts deducted for the Chatham Chest, the chaplain and surgeon. Six months' pay was withheld to discourage desertion. That this was insufficient incentive is revealed in a report on proposed changes to the RN Admiral Nelson wrote in 1803; he noted that since 1793 more than 42,000 sailors had deserted. Roughly half of all RN crews were pressganged and these not only received lower wages than volunteers but were shackled while the vessel was docked and were never permitted to go ashore until released from service.[40][41]
Although the Royal Navy suffered from many morale issues, it answered the question of prize money via the 'Cruizers and Convoys' Act of 1708 which handed over the share previously gained by the Crown to the captors of the ship. Technically it was still possible for the Crown to get the money or a portion of it but this rarely happened. The process of condemnation of a captured vessel and its cargo and men was given to the High Court of the Admiralty and this was the process which remained in force with minor changes throughout the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars.
The share-out of prize-money is given below in its pre-1808 state.
| Ship Prize Shares | ||
|---|---|---|
| Rank | Pre 1808 | Post 1808 |
| Captain | 3/8 | 2/8 |
| Admiral of fleet | 1/8 | 1/8 |
| Sailing Master & Lieutenants & Captain of Marines |
1/8 | 1/8 |
| Warrant Officers | 1/8 | 1/8 |
| Wardroom Warrant officers & Petty Officers |
1/8 | 1/8 |
| Gunners, Sailors | 1/8 | 2/8 |
Even the flag officer's share was not quite straightforward; he would only get the full one-eighth if he had no junior flag officer beneath him. If this was the case then he would get a third share. If he had more than one then he would take one half while the rest was shared out equally.
There was a great deal of money to be made in this way. The record breaker, admittedly before our wars, was the capture of the Spanish frigate the Hermione, which was carrying treasure in 1762. The value of this was so great that each individual seaman netted £485 ($1.4 million in 2008 dollars).[42] The two captains responsible, Evans and Pownall, got just on £65,000 each ($188.4 million). In January 1807 the frigate Caroline took the Spanish San Rafael which brought in £52,000 for her captain, Peter Rainier (who had been only a Midshipman some thirteen months before). All through the wars there are examples of this kind of luck falling on captains. Another famous 'capture' was that of the Spanish frigates Thetis and Santa Brigada which were loaded with gold specie. They were taken by four British frigates who shared the money, each captain receiving £40,730. Each lieutenant got £5,091, the Warrant Officer group, £2,468, the midshipmen £791 and the individual seamen £182.
It should also be noted that it was usually only the frigates which took prizes; the ships of the line were far too ponderous to be able to chase and capture the smaller ships which generally carried treasure. Nelson always bemoaned that he had done badly out of prize money and even as a flag officer received little. This was not that he had a bad command of captains but rather that British mastery of the seas was so complete that few enemy ships dared to sail.[43]
Comparison chart using the share distribution known for three pirates against the shares for a Privateer and wages as paid by the Royal Navy.
| Rank | Bartholomew Roberts | George Lowther | William Phillips | Privateer (Sir William Monson) |
Royal Navy (per month) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Captain | 2 shares | 2 shares | 1.5 shares | 10 shares | £8, 8s |
| Master | 1.5 shares | 1.5 shares | 1.25 shares | 7 or 8 shares | £4 |
| Boatswain | 1.5 shares | 1.25 shares | 1.25 shares | 5 shares | £2 |
| Gunner | 1.5 shares | 1.25 shares | 1.25 shares | 5 shares | £2 |
| Quartermaster | 2 shares | 4 shares | £1, 6s | ||
| Carpenter | 1.25 shares | 5 shares | £2 | ||
| Mate | 1.25 shares | 5 shares | £2, 2s | ||
| Doctor | 1.25 shares | 5 shares | £5 +2d per man aboard | ||
| "Other Officers" | 1.25 shares | various rates | various rates | ||
| Able Seamen (2 yrs experience) Ordinary Seamen (some exp) Landsmen (pressganged) |
1 share |
1 share |
1 share |
22s 19s 11s |
Punishment[link]
File:Henszlein.jpg
A flyer describing the public execution of 16th century pirate Klein Henszlein and his crew.
During the 17th and 18th centuries, once pirates were caught, justice was meted out in a summary fashion, and many ended their lives by "dancing the hempen jig", or hanging at the end of a rope. Public execution was a form of entertainment at the time, and people came out to watch them as they would to a sporting event today. Newspapers were glad to report every detail, such as recording the condemned men's last words, the prayers said by the priests for their immortal souls, and their final agonising moments on the gallows. In England most of these executions took place at Execution Dock on the River Thames in London.
In the cases of more famous prisoners, usually captains, their punishments extended beyond death. Their bodies were enclosed in iron cages (for which they were measured before their execution) and left to swing in the air until the flesh rotted off them- a process that could take as long as two years. The bodies of captains such as William Kidd, Charles Vane, William Fly, and Jack Rackham were all treated this way.[44]
Privateers[link]
Main article: Privateer
A privateer or corsair used similar methods to a pirate, but acted while in possession of a commission or letter of marque from a government or monarch authorizing the capture of merchant ships belonging to an enemy nation. For example, the United States Constitution of 1787 specifically authorized Congress to issue letters of marque and reprisal. The letter of marque was recognized by international convention and meant that a privateer could not technically be charged with piracy while attacking the targets named in his commission. This nicety of law did not always save the individuals concerned, however, as whether one was considered a pirate or a legally operating privateer often depended on whose custody the individual found himself in—that of the country that had issued the commission, or that of the object of attack. Spanish authorities were known to execute foreign privateers with their letters of marque hung around their necks to emphasize Spain's rejection of such defenses. Furthermore, many privateers exceeded the bounds of their letters of marque by attacking nations with which their sovereign was at peace (Thomas Tew and William Kidd are notable alleged examples), and thus made themselves liable to conviction for piracy. However, a letter of marque did provide some cover for such pirates, as plunder seized from neutral or friendly shipping could be passed off later as taken from enemy merchants.
The famous Barbary Corsairs (authorized by the Ottoman Empire) of the Mediterranean were privateers, as were the Maltese Corsairs, who were authorized by the Knights of St. John, and the Dunkirkers in the service of the Spanish Empire. In the years 1626–1634 alone, the Dunkirk privateers captured 1,499 ships, and sank another 336.[45] From 1609 to 1616, England lost 466 merchant ships to Barbary pirates, and 160 British ships were captured by Algerians between 1677 and 1680.[46] One famous privateer was Sir Francis Drake. His patron was Queen Elizabeth I, and their relationship ultimately proved to be quite profitable for England.[47]
Privateers were a large proportion of the total military force at sea during the 17th and 18th centuries. During the Nine Years War, the French adopted a policy of strongly encouraging privateers, including the famous Jean Bart, to attack English and Dutch shipping. England lost roughly 4,000 merchant ships during the war.[48] In the following War of Spanish Succession, privateer attacks continued, Britain losing 3,250 merchant ships.[49] During the War of Austrian Succession, Britain lost 3,238 merchant ships and France lost 3,434 merchant ships to the British.[48]
During King George's War, approximately 36,000 Americans served aboard privateers at one time or another.[48] During the American Revolution, about 55,000 American seamen served aboard the privateers.[50] The American privateers had almost 1,700 ships, and they captured 2,283 enemy ships.[51] Between the end of the Revolutionary War and 1812, less than 30 years, Britain, France, Naples, the Barbary States, Spain, and the Netherlands seized approximately 2,500 American ships.[52] Payments in ransom and tribute to the Barbary states amounted to 20% of United States government annual revenues in 1800.[53] Throughout the American Civil War, Confederate privateers successfully harassed Union merchant ships.[54]
Privateering lost international sanction under the Declaration of Paris in 1856.
Modern age[link]
See also: Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea, Piracy in Somalia, Piracy in the Strait of Malacca, and Piracy on Falcon Lake
Overview[link]
Seaborne piracy against transport vessels remains a significant issue (with estimated worldwide losses of US$13 to $16 billion per year),[55][56] particularly in the waters between the Red Sea and Indian Ocean, off the Somali coast, and also in the Strait of Malacca and Singapore, which are used by over 50,000 commercial ships a year. A recent[57] surge in piracy off the Somali coast spurred a multi-national effort led by the United States to patrol the waters near the Horn of Africa.
In recent years, shipping companies claimed that their vessels suffer from regular pirate attacks on the Serbian and Romanian stretches of the international Danube river, i.e. inside the European Union's territory, starting from at least 2011.[58][59][60]
Modern pirates favor small boats and taking advantage of the small number of crew members on modern cargo vessels. They also use large vessels to supply the smaller attack/boarding vessels. Modern pirates can be successful because a large amount of international commerce occurs via shipping. Major shipping routes take cargo ships through narrow bodies of water (such as the Gulf of Aden and the Strait of Malacca) making them vulnerable to be overtaken and boarded by small motorboats.[61][62] Other active areas include the South China Sea and the Niger Delta. As usage increases, many of these ships have to lower cruising speeds to allow for navigation and traffic control, making them prime targets for piracy.
Also, pirates often operate in regions of developing or struggling countries with smaller navies and large trade routes. Pirates sometimes evade capture by sailing into waters controlled by their pursuer's enemies. With the end of the Cold War, navies have decreased size and patrol, and trade has increased, making organized piracy far easier. Modern pirates are sometimes linked with organized-crime syndicates, but often are parts of small individual groups.
The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) maintains statistics regarding pirate attacks dating back to 1995. Their records indicate hostage-taking overwhelmingly dominates the types of violence against seafarers. For example in 2006, there were 239 attacks, 77 crew members were kidnapped and 188 taken hostage but only 15 of the pirate attacks resulted in murder.[63] In 2007 the attacks rose by 10% to 263 attacks. There was a 35% increase on reported attacks involving guns. Crew members that were injured numbered 64 compared to just 17 in 2006.[64] That number does not include hostages/kidnapping where they were not injured.
The number of attacks within the first nine months of 2009 already surpassed the previous year's due to the increased pirate attacks in the Gulf of Aden and off Somalia. Between January and September the number of attacks rose to 306 from 293. The pirates boarded the vessels in 114 cases and hijacked 34 of them so far in 2009. Gun use in pirate attacks has gone up to 176 cases from 76 last year.[65]
In some cases, modern pirates are not interested in the cargo but instead in taking the personal belongings of the crew and the contents of the ship's safe, which might contain large amounts of cash needed for payroll and port fees. In other cases, the pirates force the crew off the ship and then sail it to a port to be repainted and given a new identity through false papers often purchased from corrupt or complicit officials.[66]
Modern piracy can also take place in conditions of political unrest. For example, following the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, Thai piracy was aimed at the many Vietnamese who took to boats to escape. Further, following the disintegration of the government of Somalia, warlords in the region have attacked ships delivering UN food aid.[67]
Environmental action groups such as Sea Shepherd have been accused of engaging in piracy and terrorism, when they ram and throw butyric acid on the decks of ships engaged in commercial fishing, shark poaching and finning, seal hunting, and whaling. In two instances they boarded a Japanese whaling vessel. Their tactics and methods are considered acts of piracy by some.[68][69]
The attack against the German built cruise ship the Seabourn Spirit offshore of Somalia in November 2005 is an example of the sophisticated pirates mariners face. The pirates carried out their attack more than 100 miles (160 km) offshore with speedboats launched from a larger mother ship. The attackers were armed with automatic firearms and an RPG.[70]
Many nations forbid ships to enter their territorial waters or ports if the crew of the ships are armed, in an effort to restrict possible piracy.[71] Shipping companies sometimes hire private armed security guards.
File:US Coast Guard Falcon Lake.jpg
United States Coast Guard sailors patrolling for pirates on Falcon Lake as part of the Mexican Drug War.
Modern definitions of piracy include the following acts:
- Boarding
- Extortion
- Hostage taking
- Kidnapping of people for ransom
- Murder
- Robbery
- Sabotage resulting in the ship subsequently sinking
- Seizure of items or the ship
- Shipwrecking done intentionally to a ship
For the United States, piracy is one of the offenses against which Congress is delegated power to enact penal legislation by the Constitution of the United States, along with treason and offenses against the law of nations. Treason is generally making war against one's own countrymen, and violations of the law of nations can include unjust war among other nationals or by governments against their own people.
In modern times, ships and airplanes are hijacked for political reasons as well. The perpetrators of these acts could be described as pirates (for instance, the French for plane hijacker is pirate de l'air, literally air pirate), but in English are usually termed hijackers. An example is the hijacking of the Italian civilian passenger ship Achille Lauro in 1985, which is generally regarded as an act of piracy.
Modern pirates also use a great deal of technology. It has been reported that crimes of piracy have involved the use of mobile phones, satellite phones, GPS, Sonar systems, modern speedboats, assault rifles, shotguns, pistols, mounted machine guns, and even RPGs and grenade launchers.
Pirate economics[link]
A 2011 report published by Geopolicity Inc called The Economics of Piracy, investigated the causes and consequences of international piracy, with a particular focus on piracy emanating from Somalia.[72] The report asserts that piracy is an emerging market in its own right, valued at between US$4.9–8.3 billion in 2010 alone, and it establishes, for the first time, an economic model for assessing the costs and benefits of international piracy. This model provides a comprehensive, independent framework of trend analysis, whilst also highlighting where the greatest rates of return on international counter pirate investment and policy are to be found across what Geopolicity term the ‘Pirate Value Chain.’ The report states that the number of pirates could double by 2016, increasing by 400 each year. This is being fuelled by attractive financial incentives with Somali pirates earning up to US$79,000/year; equating to almost 150 times their country’s national average wage.[72]
Recent incidents[link]
See also: List of ships attacked by Somali pirates
| Piracy incidents in 2010[73][74] | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regions | Incidents | Types of vessels attacked | ||
| Africa | 259 | Bulk carrier | 80 | |
| America | 40 | Container | 80 | |
| East Asia | 44 | General cargo | 80 | |
| Indian sub-continent | 28 | Chemical tanker | 80 | |
| South East Asia | 70 | Crude oil tanker | 80 | |
| Rest of world | 4 | Product tanker | 80 | |
| Tug | 20 | |||
| Trawler/fishing boat | 19 | |||
| Other | 50 | |||
- During the Troubles in Northern Ireland, two coaster ships were hijacked and sunk by the IRA in the span of one year, between February 1981 and February 1982.
- A collision between the container ship Ocean Blessing and the hijacked tanker Nagasaki Spirit occurred in the Malacca Straits at about 23:20 on September 19, 1992. Pirates had boarded the Nagasaki Spirit, removed its captain from command, set the ship on autopilot and left with the ship's master for a ransom. The ship was left going at full speed with no one at the wheel. The collision and resulting fire took the lives of all the sailors of Ocean Blessing; from Nagasaki Spirit there were only 2 survivors. The fire on the Nagasaki Spirit lasted for six days; the fire aboard the Ocean Blessing burned for five weeks.[75]
- The cargo ship Chang Song boarded and taken over by pirates posing as customs officials in the South China Sea in 1998. Entire crew of 23 was killed and their bodies thrown overboard. Six bodies were eventually recovered in fishing nets. A crackdown by the Chinese government resulted in the arrest of 38 pirates and the group's leader, a corrupt customs official, and 11 other pirates who were then executed.[76]
- The New Zealand environmentalist, yachtsman and public figure Sir Peter Blake was killed by Brazilian pirates in 2001.[77]
- Pirates boarded the supertanker Dewi Madrim in March 2003 in the Malacca Strait. Articles like those written by the Economist indicate the pirates did not focus on robbing the crew or cargo, but instead focused on learning how to steer the ship and stole only manuals and technical information. However, the original incident report submitted to the IMO by the IMB would indicate these articles are incorrect and misleading. See also: Letter to the Editor of Foreign Affairs.
- The American luxury liner The Seabourn Spirit was attacked by pirates in November 2005 off the Somalian coast. There was one injury to a crewmember; he was hit by shrapnel.
- Pirates boarded the Danish bulk carrier Danica White in June 2007 near the coast of Somalia. USS Carter Hall tried to rescue the crew by firing several warning shots but wasn't able to follow the ship into Somali waters.[78]
- In April 2008, pirates seized control of the French luxury yacht Le Ponant carrying 30 crew members off the coast of Somalia.[79] The captives were released on payment of a ransom. The French military later captured some of the pirates, with the support of the provisional Somali government.[80] On June 2, 2008, the UN Security Council passed a resolution enabling the patrolling of Somali waters following this and other incidents. The Security Council resolution provided permission for six months to states cooperating with Somalia's Transitional Federal Government (TFG) to enter the country's territorial waters and use "all necessary means" to stop "piracy and armed robbery at sea, in a manner consistent with international law."[81]
- Several more piracy incidents have occurred in 2008 including a Ukrainian ship, the MV Faina, containing an arms consignment for Kenya, including tanks and other heavy weapons, which was possibly heading towards an area of Somalia controlled by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) after its hijacking by pirates[82] before anchoring off the Somali coast. The Somali pirates—in a standoff with US missile destroyer the USS Howard—asked for a $20 million ransom for the 20 crew members it held; shots were heard from the ship, supposedly because of a dispute between pirates who wanted to surrender and those who didn't.[83] In a separate incident, occurring near the same time (late September to early October), an Iranian cargo ship, MV Iran Deyanat, departing from China, was boarded by pirates off Somalia. The ship's cargo was a matter of dispute, though some pirates have apparently been sickened, lost hair, suffered burns, and even died while on the ship. Speculations of chemical or even radioactive contents have been made.[84]
- On November 15, 2008, Somali pirates seized the supertanker MV Sirius Star, 450 miles off the coast of Kenya. The ship was carrying around $100 million worth of oil and had a 25-man crew. This marked the largest tonnage vessel ever seized by pirates.[85]
A suspected pirate skiff burns after being destroyed, 2010
- On April 8, 2009, Somali pirates briefly captured the MV Maersk Alabama, a 17,000-ton cargo ship containing emergency relief supplies destined for Kenya. It was the latest in a week-long series of attacks along the Somali coast, and the first of these attacks to target a U.S.-flagged vessel. The crew took back control of the ship although the Captain was taken by the escaping pirates to a lifeboat.[86] On Sunday, April 12, 2009, Capt. Richard Phillips was rescued, reportedly in good condition, from his pirate captors who were shot and killed by US Navy SEAL snipers.[87][88] Vice Admiral William E. Gortney reported the rescue began when Commander Frank Castellano, captain of the USS Bainbridge, determined that Phillips' life was in imminent danger and ordered the action.
- In July 2009, Finnish-owned ship MV Arctic Sea sailing under Maltese flag was allegedly hijacked in the territorial waters of Sweden by a group of eight to ten pirates disguised as policemen. According to some sources, the pirates held the ship for 12 hours, went through the cargo and later released the ship and the crew.[89] However, an investigation into the incident is underway amidst speculation regarding the ship's actual cargo, allegations of cover-up by Russian authorities and Israeli involvement.
- On April 1, 2010, pirates attacked the USS Nicholas, an Oliver Hazard Perry-class missile frigate in international waters west of the Seychelles. The pirates opened fire from a small skiff at 12:27 am local time, presumably mistaking the warship for a merchant vessel in the dark. The USS Nichlolas returned fire, pursuing the small vessel until it stopped. The U.S. Navy crew detained the three occupants of the skiff as well as two more pirates aboard the mother ship, which was waiting nearby.[90]
- On October 2, 2010, a 911 call transcript was released detailing an incident of an American tourist who was shot dead by Mexican pirates on a U.S.-Mexico border lake that has been plagued with drug cartel violence in recent years.[91]
.jpg)
Authorities estimate that only between 50%[92][93] to as low as 10%[94] of pirate attacks are actually reported (so as not to increase insurance premiums).
Successful attempts against piracy[link]
International ships equipped with helicopters patrol the waters where pirate activity has been reported, but the area is very large. Some ships are equipped with anti-piracy weaponry such as an LRAD, a sonic device that sends a sonic wave out to a directed target, creating a sound so powerful that it bursts the eardrums and shocks pirates, causing them to become disoriented enough to drop their weapons, while the vessel being pursued increases speed and engages in evasive maneuvering.[95] Additional measures used against pirates include the deployment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and remotely controlled boats.[96]
- MS Nautica, December 2008[97]
- US-flagged Maersk Alabama, April 2009,[98] November 2009[99]
- Liberian-registered cargo ship, April 2009[100]
- US-flagged MV Liberty Sun, April 2009[101]
- The Marshall Islands-flagged Handytankers Magic, April 2009[102]
- Operation Dawn of Gulf of Aden, January 21, 2010.
- Republic of Korea-flagged freighter Samho Jewelry, January 2011[103]
Legal principles and considerations[link]
Under a principle of international law known as the "universality principle", a government may "exercise jurisdiction over conduct outside its territory if that conduct is universally dangerous to states and their nationals."[104] The rationale behind the universality principle is that states will punish certain acts "wherever they may occur as a means of protecting the global community as a whole, even absent a link between the state and the parties or the acts in question." Under this principle, the concept of "universal jurisdiction" applies to the crime of piracy.[105] For example, the United States has a statute (section 1651 of title 18 of the United States Code) imposing a sentence of life in prison for piracy "as defined by the law of nations" committed anywhere on the high seas, regardless of the nationality of the pirates or the victims.[106]
According to piracy experts,[citation needed] the goal is to "deter and disrupt" pirate activity, and pirates are often detained, interrogated, disarmed, and released. With millions of dollars at stake, pirates have little incentive to stop. In Finland, one case involves pirates who have been captured and whose boat was sunk. No prosecution of the pirates is forthcoming, as pirates attacked a vessel of Singapore and the pirates are not, themselves, EU or Finnish citizens. A further complication is that Singapore law allows the death penalty for piracy and Finland does not. Some countries have been reluctant to utilize the death penalty to stop pirates.[107]
The Dutch are using a 17th-century law against sea robbery to prosecute.[citation needed] Warships that capture pirates have no jurisdiction to try them, and NATO does not have a detention policy in place. Prosecutors have a hard time assembling witnesses and finding translators, and countries are reluctant to imprison pirates because the countries would be saddled with the pirates upon their release.[108]
George Mason University professor Peter Leeson has suggested that the international community appropriate Somali territorial waters and sell them, together with the international portion of the Gulf of Aden, to a private company which would then provide security from piracy in exchange for charging tolls to world shipping through the Gulf.[109][110]
Self protection measures and increased patrol[link]
First and foremost, the best protection against piracy is simply to avoid encountering them. This can be accomplished by using tools such as radar.[111]
In addition, while the non-wartime 20th century tradition has been for merchant vessels not to be armed, the U.S. Government has recently changed the rules so that it is now "best practice" for vessels to embark a team of armed private security guards.[112][113] In addition, the crew themselves can be given a weapons training,[114] and warning shots, less-lethal ammunition, … can be fired legally in international waters and/or when sailing under Israeli or Russian flag[dubious – discuss]. Finally, similar to weapons training, remote weapon systems can be implemented to a vessel.[115]
Other measures vessels can take to protect themselves against piracy are implementing a high freewall[116] and vessel boarding protection systems (e.g., hot water wall, electricity-charged water wall, automated fire monitor, slippery foam).[117]
Finally, in an emergency, warships can be called upon. In some areas such as near Somalia, naval vessels from different nations are present that are able to intercept vessels attacking merchant vessels. For patrolling dangerous coastal waters (and/or keeping financial expenses down), robotic or remote-controlled USVs are also sometimes used.[118] Also, both shore-launched and vessel-launched UAVs are also used by the U.S. Army.[119][120]
Commerce raiders[link]
A wartime activity similar to piracy involves disguised warships called commerce raiders or merchant raiders, which attack enemy shipping commerce, approaching by stealth and then opening fire. Commerce raiders operated successfully during the American Revolution. During the American Civil War, the Confederacy sent out several commerce raiders, the most famous of which was the CSS Alabama. During World War I and World War II, Germany also made use of these tactics, both in the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Since commissioned naval vessels were openly used, these commerce raiders should not be considered even privateers, much less pirates—although the opposing combatants were vocal in denouncing them as such.
See also: Ruse de guerre
National law[link]
United Kingdom[link]
Section 2 of the Piracy Act 1837 creates a statutory offence of aggravated piracy. See also the Piracy Act 1850.
In 2008 the British Foreign Office advised the Royal Navy not to detain pirates of certain nationalities as they might be able to claim asylum in Britain under British human rights legislation, if their national laws included execution, or mutilation as a judicial punishment for crimes committed as pirates.[121]
Definition of piracy jure gentium
See section 26 of, and Schedule 5 to, the Merchant Shipping and Maritime Security Act 1997. These provisions replace the Schedule to the Tokyo Convention Act 1967. In Cameron v HM Advocate, 1971 SLT 333, the High Court of Justiciary said that that Schedule supplemented the existing law and did not seek to restrict the scope of the offence of piracy jure gentium.
See also:
- Re Piracy Jure Gentium [1934] AC 586, PC
- Attorney General of Hong Kong v Kwok-a-Sing (1873) LR 5 PC 179
Jurisdiction
See section 46(2) of the Senior Courts Act 1981 and section 6 of the Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act 1878. See also R v Kohn (1864) 4 F & F 68.
Piracy committed by or against aircraft
See section 5 of the Aviation Security Act 1982.
Sentence
The book "Archbold" said that in a case that does not fall with section 2 of the Piracy Act 1837, the penalty appears to be determined by the Offences at Sea Act 1799, which provides that offences committed at sea are liable to the same penalty as if they had been committed upon the shore.[122]
History
William Hawkins said that at common law, piracy by a subject was esteemed to be petty treason. The Treason Act 1351 provided that this was not petty treason.[123]
In English admiralty law, piracy was classified as petit treason during the medieval period, and offenders were accordingly liable to be drawn and quartered on conviction. Piracy was redefined as a felony during the reign of Henry VIII. In either case, piracy cases were cognizable in the courts of the Lord High Admiral. English admiralty vice-admiralty judges emphasized that "neither Faith nor Oath is to be kept" with pirates; i.e. contracts with pirates and oaths sworn to them were not legally binding. Pirates were legally subject to summary execution by their captors if captured in battle. In practice, instances of summary justice and annulment of oaths and contracts involving pirates do not appear to have been common.[citation needed]
International law[link]
Effects on international boundaries[link]
During the 18th century, the British and the Dutch controlled opposite sides of the Straits of Malacca. The British and the Dutch drew a line separating the Straits into two halves. The agreement was that each party would be responsible for combating piracy in their respective half. Eventually this line became the border between Malaysia and Indonesia in the Straits.
Law of nations[link]
Piracy is of note in international law as it is commonly held to represent the earliest invocation of the concept of universal jurisdiction. The crime of piracy is considered a breach of jus cogens, a conventional peremptory international norm that states must uphold. Those committing thefts on the high seas, inhibiting trade, and endangering maritime communication are considered by sovereign states to be hostis humani generis (enemies of humanity).[124]
For a different opinion on Pirates as Hostis Humani Generis see Caninas, Osvaldo Peçanha. Modern Maritime Piracy: History, Present Situation and Challenges to International Law. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the ISA – ABRI JOINT INTERNATIONAL MEETING, Pontifical Catholic University, Rio de Janeiro Campus (PUC-Rio), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Jul 22, 2009
In the United States, criminal prosecution of piracy is authorized in the U.S. Constitution, Art. I Sec. 8 cl. 10:
The Congress shall have Power ... To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;
Title 18 U.S.C. § 1651 states:
Whoever, on the high seas, commits the crime of piracy as defined by the law of nations, and is afterwards brought into or found in the United States, shall be imprisoned for life.
Citing the United States Supreme Court decision in the year 1820 case of United States v. Smith,[125] a U.S. District Court ruled in 2010 in the case of United States v. Said that the definition of piracy under section 1651 is confined to "robbery at sea." The piracy charges (but not other serious federal charges) against the defendants in the Said case were dismissed by the Court.[126]
Because of universal jurisdiction, action can be taken against pirates without objection from the flag state of the pirate vessel. This represents an exception to the principle extra territorium jus dicenti impune non paretur ("One who exercises jurisdiction out of his territory is not obeyed with impunity").[127]
International conventions[link]
Articles 101 to 103 of UNCLOS[link]
Articles 101 to 103 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) (1982) contain a definition of piracy iure gentium.[128] They read:
Article 101Definition of piracy
Piracy consists of any of the following acts:
- (a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed—
- (i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or aircraft;
- (ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;
- (b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
- (c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).
Article 102Piracy by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied
The acts of piracy, as defined in article 101, committed by a warship, government ship or government aircraft whose crew has mutinied and taken control of the ship or aircraft are assimilated to acts committed by a private ship or aircraft.
Article 103Definition of a pirate ship or aircraft
A ship or aircraft is considered a pirate ship or aircraft if it is intended by the persons in dominant control to be used for the purpose of committing one of the acts referred to in article 101. The same applies if the ship or aircraft has been used to commit any such act, so long as it remains under the control of the persons guilty of that act.[129]
This definition was formerly contained in articles 15 to 17 of the Convention on the High Seas signed at Geneva on 29 April 1958.[130] It was drafted[131] by the International Law Commission.[128]
A limitation of article 101 above is that it confines piracy to the High Seas. As the majority of piratical acts occur within territorial waters, some pirates are able to go free as certain jurisdictions lack the resources to monitor their borders adequately.[citation needed]
IMB definition[link]
The International Maritime Bureau (IMB) defines piracy as:
- the act of boarding any vessel with an intent to commit theft or any other crime, and with an intent or capacity to use force in furtherance of that act.[132]
Uniformity in Maritime Piracy Law[link]
Given the diverging definitions of piracy in international and municipal legal systems, some authors argue that greater uniformity in the law is required in order to strengthen anti-piracy legal instruments.[133]
In popular culture[link]
Main articles: List of fictional pirates and Pirates in popular culture
Pirates are a frequent topic in fiction and are associated with certain stereotypical manners of speaking and dress, some of them wholly fictional: "nearly all our notions of their behavior come from the golden age of fictional piracy, which reached its zenith in 1881 with the appearance of Robert Louis Stevenson's Treasure Island."[134] Some inventions of pirate culture such as "walking the plank" were popularized by J. M. Barrie's novel, Peter Pan, where Captain Hook's pirates helped define the fictional pirate archetype.[135] A West Country native where many famous English pirates such as Blackbeard and Calico Jack hailed from, Robert Newton's portrayal of Long John Silver in Disney's 1950 film adaptation of Treasure Island also helped define the modern rendition of a pirate, including the stereotypical West Country "pirate accent".[136] Other influences include Sinbad the Sailor, and the recent Pirates of the Caribbean films have helped kindle modern interest in piracy and have performed well at the box office. More recently the 2011 season from Japanese series Super Sentai, Kaizoku Sentai Gokaiger has as theme pirates, but not as a stereotype, but as adventurers seeking treasure and defending others selflessly.
The classic Gilbert and Sullivan operetta The Pirates of Penzance focuses on The Pirate King and his hopeless band of pirates on the South coast of England. The Pirate King is often believed to be inspiration for Jack Sparrow. In Japan there is a hugely popular ongoing manga dubbed One Piece that details a young man's adventure to become the Pirate King.
Many sports teams use "pirate" or a related term such as "raider" or "buccaneer" as their nickname, basing their gimmick around the popular stereotypes of pirates, as well as to give them an "intimidating" image. The Pittsburgh Pirates, a Major League Baseball team in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, are perhaps the most well-known, and actually got their nickname in 1891 after being accused of "piratical" actions by another team after they signed a player from the accusing team. The Oakland Raiders and Tampa Bay Buccaneers, both of whom play in the National Football League, also use pirate-related nicknames.
See also[link]
- A General History of the Pyrates, a historical book on pirates
- Aircraft hijacking, a.k.a. air piracy
- Air Pirates
- International Talk Like a Pirate Day
- List of pirates
- Pirate game
- Pirate Party / Pirate Parties International
- Pirate Round
- Pirate utopia
- Pirate's World
- Software piracy
- Spanish treasure fleet
- Statute of Monopolies
- The Successful Pyrate, a historical play
- Women in piracy
- Piracy in the Atlantic World
References[link]
Bibliography[link]
- "bonaventure.org.uk – Pirate Ranks". http://www.bonaventure.org.uk/ed/ranks.htm. Retrieved April 24, 2008.
- Beal, Clifford (2007). Quelch's Gold: Piracy, Greed, and Betrayal in Colonial New England. Praeger. p. 243. ISBN 0-275-99407-4.
- Burnett, John (2002). Dangerous Waters: Modern Piracy and Terror on the High Seas. Plume. p. 346. ISBN 0-452-28413-9.
- Menefee, Samuel (1996). Trends in Maritime Violence. Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-1403-9.
- Cordingly, David (1997). Under the Black Flag: The Romance and the Reality of Life Among the Pirates. Harvest Books. ISBN 0-15-600549-2.
- Girard, Geoffrey (2006). Tales of the Atlantic Pirates. Middle Atlantic Press. ISBN 0-9754419-5-7.
- Langewiesche, William (2004). The Outlaw Sea: A World of Freedom, Chaos, and Crime. North Point Press. ISBN 0-86547-581-4.
- Rediker, Marcus (1987). Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Merchant Seamen, Pirates and the Anglo-American Maritime World, 1700–1750. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-37983-0.
- Kimball, Steve (2006). The Pyrates Way Magazine. The Pyrates Way, LLC. p. 64. http://www.pyratesway.com.
Further reading[link]
- I Sailed With Chinese Pirates by Aleko Lilius, Oxford University Press, USA, October 17, 1991,ISBN 0-19-585297-4.
- Contemporary Maritime Piracy in Southeast Asia. By: Chalk, Peter. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, January–March 1998, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p87, 26p, 1 chart; (AN 286864).
- Dangerous Waters, Modern Piracy and Terror on the High Seas, by John S. Burnett. Dutton, 2003, Plume, 2003–2004, New York. (ISBN 0-452-28413-9).
- Japanese Anti-Piracy Initiatives in Southeast Asia. By: Bradford, John. Contemporary Southeast Asia, December 2004, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p480-505, 26p; (AN 15709264).
- Maritime Piracy and Anti-Piracy Measures. By: Herrmann, Wilfried. Naval Forces, 2004, Vol. 25 Issue 2, p18-25, 6p; (AN 13193917).
- Maritime Piracy in Southeast Asia. By: Liss, Carolin. Southeast Asian Affairs, 2003, p52, 17p; (AN 10637324).
- Pirates, Fishermen and Peacebuilding - Options for Counter-Piracy in Somalia. By: Bueger, Christian, Stockbruegger, Jan and Werthes, Sascha. Contemporary Security Policy, 2011, Vol.32, No.2.
- Modern Piracy. Naval Forces, 2005, Vol. 26 Issue 5, p20-31, 7p; (AN 18506590).
- Terror on the High Seas. By: Koknar, Ali. Security Management, June 2004, Vol. 48 Issue 6, p75-81, 6p; (AN 13443749)
- Goodman, Timothy H. 'Leaving the Corsair's name to other times:' How to enforce the law of sea piracy in the 21st century through regional international agreements / Timothy H. Goodman In: Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, vol.31 (Winter 1999) nr.1, P.: 139-168.
- Piracy:Out of Sight, Out of Mind?, Goorangai, RANR Occasional Papers, August (2006) Royal Australian Navy
- Rogue Wave: Modern Maritime Piracy and International Law, Article published on the electronic magazine The Culture & Conflict Review of the United States Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California by Commander Osvaldo Peçanha Caninas Article in NPS site.
Notes[link]
- ^ D.Archibugi, M.Chiarugi (April 9, 2009). "Piracy challenges global governance". Open Democracy. http://www.opendemocracy.net/article/piracy-challenges-global-governance. Retrieved April 9, 2009.
- ^ Peirates, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus.
- ^ Peira, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus.
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Etymonline.com. http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=pirate&searchmode=none. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ a b The Pirates Hold – Piracy Timeline.
- ^ Phoenician Economy and Trade.
- ^ Again, according to Suetonius's chronology (Julius 4). Plutarch (Caesar 1.8-2) says this happened earlier, on his return from Nicomedes's court. Velleius Paterculus (Roman History 2:41.3-42 says merely that it happened when he was a young man.
- ^ Plutarch, Caesar 1–2.
- ^ The Pirates of St. Tropez.
- ^ Piracy on Crete, Creta News.
- ^ Hutter, Andreas (2012). "Freibeuter des weißen Goldes" (in German). Damals (2): 74–77.
- ^ H Thomas Milhorn, Crime: Computer Viruses to Twin Towers, Universal Publishers, 2004. ISBN 1-58112-489-9.
- ^ "Haida Warfare". http://www.civilization.ca/aborig/haida/havwa01e.html.
- ^ Naseem Hijazi, Muhammad Bin Qasim
- ^ Findly, Elison B (April – June 1988). "The Capture of Maryam-uz-Zamānī's Ship: Mughal Women and European Traders," Journal of the American Oriental Society, 108 (2): 227–238.
- ^ "Cross-Cultural Perceptions of Piracy: Maritime Violence in the Western Indian Ocean and Persian Gulf Region during a Long Eighteenth Century". http://muse.jhu.edu/login?uri=/journals/journal_of_world_history/v012/12.2risso.html.
- ^ "Soldiers, Seahawks and Smugglers". http://www.national-army-museum.ac.uk/exhibitions/soldiersSeahawks/page2.shtml.
- ^ Gemma Pitcher, Patricia C. Wright. " Madagascar & Comoros " p. 178.
- ^ "Libertatia". http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=869187.
- ^ "From Pirate Coast To Trucial". http://www.saudiaramcoworld.com/issue/197306/from.pirate.coast.to.trucial.htm.
- ^ Rommel C. Banlaoi. "Maritime Piracy in Southeast Asia: Current Situation, Counter-Measures, Achievements and Recurring Challenges". http://counterpiracy.ae/briefing_papers/Banlaoi%20Maritime%20Piracy%20in%20Southeast%20Asia.pdf.
- ^ "The Buginese of Sulawesi". http://www.on-the-edge.com/articles/raja_ampat.php.
- ^ "Pirates of the East". http://www.thingsasian.com/stories-photos/1997.
- ^ "Wanderings Among South Sea Savages And in Borneo and the Philippines by H. Wilfrid Walker". http://www.fullbooks.com/Wanderings-Among-South-Sea-Savages-And-in3.html.
- ^ "Places which had been raided or besieged by the Cossacks". http://www.wumag.kiev.ua/index2.php?param=pgs20051/98.
- ^ "Cossack Navy 16th – 17th Centuries". Archived from the original on October 26, 2009. http://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http://www.geocities.com/unavy/aCossack1.html&date=2009-10-25+23:33:13.
- ^ "The History of Maritime Piracy – Stepan Razin". http://www.cindyvallar.com/razin.html.
- ^ "When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed". http://researchnews.osu.edu/archive/whtslav.htm.
- ^ "Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500–1800". Robert Davis (2004) ISBN 1-4039-4551-9
- ^ "Spanish Claim to Land". http://www.bio.umass.edu/biology/conn.river/claim.html.
- ^ Woodard, Colin (2007). The Republic of Pirates. Harcourt, Inc. ISBN 978-0-15-603462-3. http://www.republicofpirates.net.
- ^ Dreamtheimpossible (September 14, 2011). "Examples of greed". http://dream-the-impossible.blogspot.com/2009/01/greed-is-good-discuss.html. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ^ Derek Bickerton. The Murders of Boysie Singh: Robber, Arsonist, Pirate, Mass-Murderer, Vice and Gambling King of Trinidad. Arthur Barker Limited, London. (1962).
- ^ Leeson, Peter T. "An-arrghchy: The Law and Economics of Pirate Organization." Journal of Political Economy 115, no. 6 (2007): 1049–1094. pg 1066 University of Chicago
- ^ Piratesofamerica.com[dead link]
- ^ a b c "Treasure". http://www.cindyvallar.com/treasure.html. Retrieved April 21, 2009.
- ^ The Hudson River Valley Institute
- ^ University of Notre Dame
- ^ Gosse, Philip (2007). The Pirates' Who's Who. BiblioBazaar, LLC. ISBN 1-4346-3302-0. p. 251.
- ^ Hickox, Rex (2007). All You Wanted to Know about 18th Century Royal Navy. Lulu.com. ISBN 1-4116-3057-2. p. 16.
- ^ Hill, J.R. (2002). The Oxford Illustrated History of the Royal Navy. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-860527-7. p. 157.
- ^ Current value is based on the average annual income for the respective years.
- ^ Nelson and His Navy - Prize Money Historical Maritime Society.
- ^ Pirates by John Matthews
- ^ "The New Cambridge Modern History: Volume 4, The Decline of Spain and the Thirty Years War, 1609-48/49". J. P. Cooper (1979). p.229. ISBN 0-521-29713-3
- ^ Rees Davies, British Slaves on the Barbary Coast, BBC, July 1, 2003.
- ^ Kelsey, Harry, Sir Francis Drake; The Queen's Pirate, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1998, ISBN 0-300-07182-5.
- ^ a b c Privateering and the Private Production of Naval Power, Gary M. Anderson and Adam Gifford Jr.
- ^ Brewer, John. The Sinews of Power: War, Money, and the English State, 1688–1783. New York.: Alfred A. Knopf, 1989. p. 197.
- ^ Privateers or Merchant Mariners help win the Revolutionary War.
- ^ Privateers.
- ^ US Navy Fleet List War of 1812.
- ^ Oren, Michael B. (November 3, 2005). "The Middle East and the Making of the United States, 1776 to 1815". http://www.columbia.edu/cu/news/05/11/michaelOren.html. Retrieved February 18, 2007.
- ^ The Confederate Privateers.
- ^ "Foreign Affairs – Terrorism Goes to Sea". http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20041101faessay83606/gal-luft-anne-korin/terrorism-goes-to-sea.html. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
- ^ "Piracy in Asia: A Growing Barrier to Maritime Trade". http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/BG1379.cfm?renderforprint=1. Retrieved December 8, 2007.
- ^ Krane, Jim (March 19, 2006). "U.S. Navy warships exchange gunfire with suspected pirates off Somali coast". The Seattle Times. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/nationworld/2002874180_websomalia19.html?syndication=rss. Retrieved January 18, 2007.
- ^ Riječni gusari u Srbiji pljačkaju hrvatske brodove (Serbian)
- ^ Ukrainian Danube Shipping Company Says Its Ships Are Being Attacked Frequently In Romanian Part Of River Danube
- ^ Romanian Pirats Attack Ukrainian Ships More Frequently (Ukrainian)
- ^ BBC Piracy documentary.
- ^ Piracy at Somalian coasts.
- ^ Security Management:Piracy on the high seas. Retrieved October 23, 2007.
- ^ ICC Commercial Crime Services: IBM Piracy Report 2007. Retrieved January 22, 2008.[dead link]
- ^ World pirate attacks surge in 2009 due to Somalia
- ^ "Anarchy at Sea" Atlantic Monthly. September 2003.
- ^ "Pirates Open Fire on Cruise Ship off Somalia". The Washington Post. November 5, 2005. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/11/05/AR2005110500622.html?nav=hcmodule. Retrieved November 14, 2005.
- ^ "Whaling acid attack terrorist act: Japan". Reuters via The Sydney Morning Herald. February 9, 2007. http://www.smh.com.au/news/World/Whaling-acid-attack-terrorist-act-Japan/2007/02/09/1170524300133.html. Retrieved February 11, 2007.
- ^ Bousquet, Earl (July 23, 2001). "Ocean Warriors Confront Lucian Fishermen". Government of Saint Lucia web site. http://www.stlucia.gov.lc/pr2001/ocean_warriors_confront_lucian_fishermen.htm. Retrieved February 11, 2007.
- ^ "Piracy is still troubling the shipping industry: report; Industry fears revival of attacks though current situation has improved," The Business Times Singapore. August 14, 2006.
- ^ Maritimesecurity.com article, Guns On Board.
- ^ a b Africa, BBC (May 13, 2011). "Somali piracy costs $8.3bn a year". BBC (UK). http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13392537.
- ^ International Maritime Bureau on Piracy and Armed Robbery Against Ships report
- ^ 1,181 seafarers taken hostage, eight killed and 53 ships hijacked cf. 188 seafarers taken hostage in 2006 and 1,050 in 2009.
- ^ Law Lords Department (February 6, 1997). "House of Lords – Semco Salvage & Marine Pte. Ltd. v. Lancer Navigation". The Stationery Office Ltd. p. 1. http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199697/ldjudgmt/jd970206/semco01.htm. Retrieved May 26, 2007.
- ^ "China Executes Pirates". BBC News. January 28, 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/622435.stm. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
- ^ Latitude 38, the West's Leading Sailing and Marine Magazine
- ^ "Navy: U.S. ship fired at pirates off Somalia". USA Today. June 6, 2007. http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2007-06-06-us-navy-pirates_N.htm.
- ^ "Pirates seize French yacht". Associated Press. CNN. April 4, 2008. Archived from the original on April 7, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080407223557/http://edition.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/africa/04/04/cruiseship.pirates.ap/index.html. Retrieved April 5, 2008.
- ^ "BBC NEWS | World | Africa | France raid ship after crew freed". BBC News. April 12, 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/7342292.stm. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ UN (June 5, 2008). "UN maritime agency welcomes Security Council action on Somalia piracy". United Nations. http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=26893&Cr=somalia&Cr1=. Retrieved June 5, 2008.
- ^ "Al Jazeera English – Africa – "Somalia rebels" in control of ship". English.aljazeera.net. http://english.aljazeera.net/news/africa/2008/09/20089271136100552.html. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ Shooting reported on pirate ship surrounded by U.S. destroyer Doug Stanglin, USA Today blog, September 30, 2008.
- ^ Mysterious Cargo Aboard Iranian Ship Seized by Pirates Raises WMD Concerns Joseph Abrams, September 30, 2008. Quotation by "Jonathan Tucker, a senior fellow at the James Martin Center for Nonproliferation Studies": "It's baffling. I'm not aware of any chemical agent that produces loss of hair within a few days. That's more suggestive of high levels of radioactive waste."
- ^ Andrew England, Robert Wright and Demetri Sevastopulo (November 17, 2008). "Pirates seize another ship in Gulf of Aden". FT. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/e10892ba-b4a8-11dd-b780-0000779fd18c.html. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ Roberts, Rebecca; Konrad, John (April 11, 2009). "Mariner Details Life Aboard Maersk Alabama Lifeboat". NPR. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=103001414.
- ^ Verjee, Zain; Starr, Barbara (April 12, 2009). "Captain jumps overboard, SEALs shoot pirates, official says". CNN. http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/africa/04/12/somalia.pirates/index.html. Retrieved April 12, 2009.
- ^ "US captain held by pirates freed". BBC News. April 12, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7996087.stm. Retrieved April 14, 2009.
- ^ "Finnish ship hijacked off Swedish coast". July 31, 2009. http://newsroom.finland.fi/stt/showarticle.asp?intNWSAID=22434&group=General. Retrieved July 31, 2009.
- ^ Lewis, Michael (April 1, 2010). "USS Nicholas Captures Suspected Pirates". United States Department of Defense American Forces Press Service. http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=58566.
- ^ "911 Tape Released in Mexican Pirate Attack on U.S. Couple". Fox News. Fox News. October 3, 2010. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2010/10/01/search-teams-seek-man-shot-mexican-waters/.
- ^ "Sea Piracy". Uniorb.com. http://uniorb.com/ATREND/piracy.htm. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ Cindy Vallar. "Pirates & Privateers: the History of Maritime Piracy – Modern Piracy 2005 update". Cindyvallar.com. http://www.cindyvallar.com/modern2005.html. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ "Modern High Seas Piracy". Cargolaw.com. http://www.cargolaw.com/presentations_pirates.html. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ "Missing title". November 30, 2008. http://www.cruisecritic.com/news/news.cfm?ID=2961.
- ^ Logan, Tracey (14 December 2005). "Robotic vessels against pirates". BBC World Service. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/4521364.stm. Retrieved 25 August 2011.
- ^ "Cruise ship evades pirate attack". December 2, 2008 BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7760216.stm.
- ^ "Captain freed unhurt, pirates killed.". April 12, 2009. http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/breaking/2009/0412/breaking2.html?via=mr.
- ^ "Somali pirates beaten off in second attack on Maersk Alabama". The Guardian. Associated Press (London). November 18, 2009. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/nov/18/maersk-alabama-pirates-somalia-guards. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ "French forces seize pirates mother ship". Press TV. April 16, 2009. http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=91592§ionid=351020501.
- ^ "http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7999350.stm". BBC. April 15, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7999350.stm. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ Pirates attack tanker; NATO frees 20 fishermen. Associated Press, April 18, 2009
- ^ Su-Hyun Lee and Kevin Drew (January 21, 2011). "South Korea Rescues Crew and Ship From Pirates". the New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/22/world/asia/22pirates.html?_r=1. Retrieved January 23, 2011.
- ^ Thomas Buergenthal & Sean D. Murphy, Public International Law in a Nutshell, p. 211, West Group (3d ed. 2002).
- ^ Thomas Buergenthal & Sean D. Murphy, Public International Law in a Nutshell, p. 211-212, West Group (3d ed. 2002), citing generally K. Randall, Universal Jurisdiction Under International Law, 66 Tex. L. Rev. 785 (1988).
- ^ "Whoever, on the high seas, commits the crime of piracy as defined by the law of nations, and is afterwards brought into or found in the United States, shall be imprisoned for life." See 18 U.S.C. § 1651.
- ^ Stephens, Bret (November 25, 2008). "Why Don't We Hang Pirates Anymore?". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122757123487054681.html.
- ^ "NATO frees 20 hostages; pirates seize Belgian ship". Associated Press. April 18, 2009. http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090418/ap_on_re_af/af_piracy.
- ^ Leeson, Peter T. (April 13, 2009). Want to Prevent Piracy? Privatize the Ocean. National Review. http://corner.nationalreview.com/post/?q=Y2YyYWQ0ZTQwYjQzZTFiZGViMGUzZTZlOWY5ZDgxMTg=
- ^ Stossel, John and Kirell, Andrew (May 8, 2009). Could Profit Motive Put an End to Piracy?. ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/2020/story?id=7537710&page=1
- ^ Anti-piracy radar
- ^ "Loaded: Freighters Ready to Shoot Across Pirate Bow", by John W. Miller, Wall Street Journal, January 5, 2009
- ^ "Maersk Alabama "Followed Best Practice"", by Bob Couttie, November 20, 2009, Maritime Accident Casebook
- ^ Weapons training for crew
- ^ What can be done to counter piracy?
- ^ High wall providing extra protection
- ^ Hot/electricity charged water wall
- ^ Robotic/remote-controlled USVs
- ^ Vessel-launched UAV's
- ^ Shore-launched UAVs
- ^ Woolf, Marie (April 13, 2008). "Pirates can claim UK asylum The Sunday Times, April 13, 2008". The Times (London). http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article3736239.ece. Retrieved April 22, 2009.
- ^ Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice, 1999, para. 25-46 at p. 1979
- ^ Hawkin's Treatise of Pleas of the Crown (1824 ed.) vol.1, chapter XIV (from Google Books). See also 40 Ass. 35
- ^ Kissinger, Henry (July/August 2001). "The Pitfalls of Universal Jurisdiction". Foreign Affairs. http://www.foreignaffairs.org/20010701faessay4996/henry-a-kissinger/the-pitfalls-of-universal-jurisdiction.html.
- ^ 18 U.S. 153 (1820).
- ^ Memorandum Opinion and Order, Aug. 17, 2010, docket entry 94, United States v. Said, 2:10-cr-00057-RAJ-FBS, U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia (Norfolk Div.).
- ^ Black's Law Dictionary, p. 528 (5th ed. 1979).
- ^ a b Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice. 1999. Paragraph 25-39 at page 1976.
- ^ "United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 10 December 1982, Part VII: High Seas". http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/texts/unclos/part7.htm.
- ^ Archbold Criminal Pleading, Evidence and Practice. 1999. Paragraph 25-39 at page 1976 refers to the Schedule to the Tokyo Convention Act 1967. That Schedule, and section 4 of that Act, refer to the said articles of Convention on the High Seas.
- ^ Yearbook of the ILC [1956] Vol 2, 282
- ^ "cargolaw.com". http://www.cargolaw.com/presentations_pirates.html#what_piracy.
- ^ "Bento, Lucas, 'Toward An International Law of Piracy Sui Generis: How the Dual Nature of Maritime Piracy Law Enables Piracy to Flourish' Berkeley Journal of International Law Vol.29:2 (2011)". ssrn.com. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1682624.
- ^ Adams, C. "The Straight Dope", October 12, 2007 The Straight Dope – Fighting Ignorance Since 1973
- ^ Bonanos, Christopher. "Did pirates really say "arrrr"? – By Christopher Bonanos – Slate Magazine". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2167567/?GT1=10135. Retrieved December 18, 2008.
- ^ Angus Konstam (2008) Piracy: The Complete History P. 313. Osprey Publishing, Retrieved 11 October 2011
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Piracy |
 |
Wikisource has original works on the topic: Pirates |
- Shearer, Ivan. Piracy, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law.
- Archibugi, Chiarugi. Piracy Challenges Global Governance, Open Democracy.
- Bowden, Anna et al. The Economic Cost of Maritime Piracy One Earth Future, December 2010
- Kontorovich, Eugene. Piracy and International Law, [Global Law Forum].
- Turbulent Waters in a Maritime Black Hole The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies, May 2008.
- ONI Worldwide Threats to Shipping Reports, Weekly.
- IMB Piracy Reporting Center Weekly Piracy Report.
- Piracy and armed robbery against ships (International Maritime Organization).
- European Union Naval Force Somalia – Operation Atalanta The European Union is conducting a military operation to help combat piracy in the Gulf of Aden.
- Piracy Studies An academic reference page, research blog and bibliography on contemporary maritime piracy.
- Oudman, Sergei Piracy Jure Gentium & International Law E-International Relations Paper.
- Pirated Spanish Galleon of La Consolación ("Isla de Muerto shipwreck") 1681.
- National Geographic article on modern pirates in Malacca Straits.
- M. Biard's 1861 drawing of Pirates, published in Harper's Weekly.
- ONI Worldwide Threats to Shipping Reports, Weekly.
- Maritime Terrorism Research Center.
- Maritime Piracy: Implications for Maritime Energy Security.
- Maritime Security & Counter-Piracy: Strategic Adaptations and Technological Options.
- Jameson, John Franklin.
- Privateering and Piracy in the Colonial Period: Illustrative Documents at Project Gutenberg.
- Monday May 11, 2009, Giles Tremlett, Somali pirates guided by London intelligence team, report says @guardian.co.uk – Document obtained by Spanish radio station says 'well-placed informers' in constant contact by satellite telephone
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http://es.wn.com/Piratería
http://ru.wn.com/Пиратство
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| Eric Herman | |
|---|---|
 Eric Herman performing in Broomfield, CO. |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Eric Herman Endres |
| Born | (1969-06-14) June 14, 1969 (age 43) Buffalo, New York, USA |
| Genres | Children's music |
| Instruments | Vocals, Guitar |
| Years active | 2002–present |
| Website | EricHermanMusic.com |
Eric Herman (real name Eric Herman Endres) is a children's music performer based in the Pacific Northwest. His music combines various styles of rock music with often wryly humorous kid-related lyrics to create what he refers to as "cool tunes for kids". Popular songs of his include the viral YouTube hit, "The Elephant Song", "There's a Monster in My House", "Blackbeard, Bluebeard and Redbeard" and "Cowboy Bergaleoukaleopaleous".
Herman performed with Western New York area rock bands including Ember and The Infydels, and he was a regular performer on the Buffalo area acoustic singer/songwriter and live theater scenes. In 2003 a successful production of a musical comedy he wrote, A Week in the Life, was staged at the Alleyway Theater in Buffalo, New York, earning him an Artie Award nomination as "Best Actor in a Musical".[1] But with the success of his first album of music for kids, The Kid in the Mirror, Herman decided to devote his full attention to producing and performing kids' music under the act name Eric Herman and the Invisible Band. His second album, Monkey Business, proved even more successful, with Seattle's Victory Music Review calling it "one of the best kids' records ever".[2] He has since released three more CDs, Snow Day!, Snail's Pace and What a Ride!, to further acclaim.
Eric Herman songs and videos have been heard and seen nationally on PBS Kids,[3] The Today Show, XM Kids[4] and Fox & Friends. His song "Blackbeard, Bluebeard and Redbeard" was voted "Best Children's Song" by the international Just Plain Folks Music Organization for their 2006 awards,[5] and he received a Parents' Choice Award in 2009 for his What a Ride! album. Eric's music videos have become extremely popular, with over 20 million views on YouTube,[6] led by "The Elephant Song", which was featured by YouTube in May 2007. In 2010 "The Elephant Song" was covered by the duo, Victor and Leo, for the CD/DVD release "XSPB 10" by Brazilian superstar, Xuxa,[7] and his video for "The Tale of the Sun and the Moon" was featured prominently in a scene of the Warner Bros. movie Life as We Know It (film). Eric's songs have been regular top sellers on the popular indie music site, CDBaby, at one time holding 8 of the top 10 ten spots.[8]
Several of Herman's songs have words written by or with noted children's poetry author, Kenn Nesbitt (who has also provided voice characters for some recordings, including the voice of Bluebeard on "Blackbeard, Bluebeard and Redbeard"), and Herman credits his wife, Roseann, with co-writing many of his songs and co-producing his albums. Herman also collaborated with children's musician Eric Ode for the song "My Lucky Day" and singer/songwriter Steve Brown for the song "How to Move a Monster". Guest artists performing on Eric Herman recordings include Sam Payne ("Scat Cat"), Gwendolyn (artist) Sanford of Gwendolyn and the Good Time Gang ("Come Play"), Jim Dague of Scribblemonster ("How to Move a Monster"), The Hughes Brothers ("Cowboy Bergaleoukaleopaleous"), Robbi K ("How Big"), Jen Marco Handy ("This Little Light of Mine"), Ryan Tilby ("Carseat Snack"), Josh Dutton of The Duttons ("What a Ride"), Tito Uquillas of The Hipwaders ("Time Machine") and Mr. Billy ("How to Move a Monster").
Eric Herman created and hosts the "Cool Tunes for Kids" blogsite, with interviews and features about other noted kids' music artists, such as Trout Fishing in America (band), Ralph's World, Imagination Movers and They Might Be Giants, as well as articles by Herman about his experiences working in the kids' music field.
Herman has identified himself as a Latter-day Saint,[9] but his music for kids is non-religious in nature.
Discography[link]
- The Kid in the Mirror (2003)
- Monkey Business (2005)
- Snow Day! (2006)
- Snail's Pace (2007)
- What a Ride! (2009)
External links[link]
References[link]
- ^ Artvoice Magazine, May 2004
- ^ Victory Music Review, Tom Peterson, July 2005
- ^ Dragonfly TV, "Wheels" #102
- ^ XMFan.com :: #1 Fan Site of XM Satellite Radio :: XM Radio Community Forums
- ^ http://www.jpfolks.com/MusicAwards/2006/Winners/Song.htm
- ^ http://www.youtube.com/erichermanmusic
- ^ http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuxa_s%C3%B3_para_Baixinhos#XSPB_10_-_Baixinhos.2C_Bichinhos_e_Mais_-_.282010.29
- ^ http://www.cdbaby.com/Style/18
- ^ Meridian Magazine :: Arts:Eric Herman and the Invisible Band Combine Shel Silverstein and the Beatles
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Herman, Eric |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1969-06-14 |
| Place of birth | Buffalo, New York, USA |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Eric_Herman
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Herman
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Cosmo Jarvis | |
|---|---|
| File:CosAmsterd.png | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Harrison Cosmo Krikoryan Jarvis |
| Born | (1989-09-01) September 1, 1989 (age 22) Ridgewood, New Jersey |
| Origin | Totnes, Devon, United Kingdom |
| Genres | Alternative, indie rock, pop rock |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, filmmaker |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, ukulele, piano, mandolin |
| Years active | 2008–present |
| Labels | Wall of Sound, 25th Frame |
| Website | www.cosmojarvis.com |
Harrison Cosmo Krikoryan Jarvis (born September 1, 1989), better known by his stage name Cosmo Jarvis, is an English singer-songwriter and filmmaker. In early 2008 he signed to indie label Wall of Sound and his debut album Humasyouhitch/Sonofabitch was released on 16 November 2009. His first official single "She's Got You" received airplay on BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2 as well as being amongst NME's "10 Tracks You Have to Hear This Week".[1] Stephen Fry called "Gay Pirates", Jarvis' fourth single, "wonderful" and put a link to its video on his Twitter feed.[2] Between 2008 and 2010 he performed shows alongside acts including Muse, Gabriella Cilmi, Gym Class Heroes, Panic at the Disco, The Sunshine Underground, Reverend and the Makers and The Holloways.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in New Jersey, United States As a child, Cosmo moved to Devon, United Kingdom with his family. In his own words he has stated that he has no affiliation to New Jersey, except that "Kevin Smith was born there and I love his work". Cosmo first started writing and recording music in his bedroom where he also began making his first films on VHS when he was barely twelve. His storytelling demonstrated an advanced level of sophistication, as was clear from the lengths that he would go to tell his tales; film the television and then film out of the window because that way he knew that he was telling a story.[3] Cosmo released his self-titled debut album aged nineteen, having left education at Ivybridge Community College at sixteen to pursue a career in music and film, instead of choosing to attend a sixth form.
[edit] 2010-present: Is the World Strange or Am I Strange?
He confirmed his second album's title was Is the World Strange or Am I Strange? on his official Facebook page.[4] The first single released from the album is "Gay Pirates", which was released on January 23, 2011. The single's music video,[5] which was directed by Cosmo, was a viral hit and was popular among celebrity tweeters such as Stephen Fry and John Barrowman. The song was featured as Record of the Day[6] and AOL's Spinner video of the day.[7] Gay Pirates was voted number 85 on the Triple J Hottest 100 of 2011, which aired on Australia day (26 January) 2012. The album itself was given a 8.5/10 rating from Soundblab album reviews.[8] He announced in an interview with TNC that he had begun work on his first feature film called The Naughty Room.[9]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Album details | Peak chart positions | Certifications | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK | IRL | |||
| 2009 | Humasyouhitch/Sonofabitch
|
- | - | |
| 2011 | Is the World Strange or Am I Strange?
|
|||
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Album | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK | IRL | EU | US | |||
| 2009 | "She's Got You" | — | — | — | — | Humasyouhitch/Sonofabitch |
| "Problems/You Got Your Head" | — | — | — | — | ||
| 2010 | "Crazy Screwed Up Lady" | — | — | — | — | |
| 2011 | "Gay Pirates" | — | — | — | — | Is the World Strange or Am I Strange? |
| "Sure as Hell Not Jesus" | — | — | — | — | ||
| "My Day" | — | — | — | — | ||
| "She Doesn't Mind" | — | — | — | — | ||
References[link]
- ^ "NME Track Reviews - 10 Tracks You Have To Hear This Week (16/08/09)". Nme.Com. 2009-08-26. http://www.nme.com/reviews/nme/10792. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "Cosmo Jarvis Isn't a Gay Pirate. He Just Plays One in His Amazing New Video!" Afterelton.com 30 November 2010 Retrieved 18 February 2011
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Official Facebook
- ^ Gay Pirates Video
- ^ "Gay Pirates - Cosmo Jarvis". Record of the Day. 2010-11-30. http://www.recordoftheday.com/record-of-the-day/track.php?trackID=5870. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "Gay Pirates Video by Cosmo Jarvis - AOL Music". Music.aol.com. http://music.aol.com/video/gay-pirates/cosmo-jarvis/bc:742221592001. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ "Cosmo Jarvis - Is the World Strange or Am I Strange? - Review". Soundblab. http://soundblab.com/content/content/view/id/4178. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ Interviews. "TNC Interview: Cosmo Jarvis, Part 2". The New Current. http://www.thenewcurrent.com/2010/12/16/tnc-interview-cosmo-jarvis-part-2. Retrieved 2011-12-31.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jarvis, Cosmo |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1989-09-01 |
| Place of birth | Ridgewood, New Jersey |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Cosmo_Jarvis
Related pages:
http://de.wn.com/Cosmo Jarvis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmo_Jarvis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see 5 (disambiguation).
| The Five |
|---|
 Mily Balakirev |
The Five, also known as The Mighty Handful, The Mighty Five, or The Mighty Coterie (Russian: Могучая кучка, Moguchaya kuchka), refers to a circle of composers who met in Saint Petersburg, Russia, in the years 1856–1870: Mily Balakirev (the leader), César Cui, Modest Mussorgsky, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Borodin. The group had the aim of producing a specifically Russian kind of art music, rather than one that imitated older European music or relied on European-style conservatory training. In a sense, they were a branch of the Romantic Nationalist movement in Russia, sharing similar artistic goals with the Abramtsevo Colony and Russian Revival.
Contents |
History[link]
Name[link]
In May 1867 the critic Vladimir Stasov wrote an article, Mr. Balakirev's Slavic Concert, on a concert given for visiting Slav delegations to the "All-Russian Ethnographical Exhibition" in Moscow. The four Russian composers whose works were played at the concert were Mikhail Glinka, Alexander Dargomyzhsky, Mily Balakirev, and Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.[1] The article ended with the following statement:
God grant that our Slav guests may never forget today's concert; God grant that they may forever preserve the memory of how much poetry, feeling, talent, and intelligence are possessed by the small but already mighty handful of Russian musicians.[2]—Vladimir Stasov, Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti, 1867
The expression "mighty handful" (Russian: Могучая кучка, Moguchaya kuchka, "Mighty Bunch" or "Group"), was mocked by enemies of Balakirev and Stasov: Aleksandr Serov, academic circles of the conservatory, the Russian Musical Society, and their press supporters. The group responded by defiantly adopting the name.[2] This loose collection of composers gathered around Balakirev now included Cui, Mussorgsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, and Borodin — the five who have come to be associated with the name "Mighty Handful", or sometimes "The Five". Gerald Abraham stated flatly in the Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians that "they never called themselves, nor were they ever called in Russia, 'The Five'"[3] (although today the Russian equivalent "Пятерка" ("Pyatyorka") is occasionally used to refer to this group).[4] In his memoirs, Rimsky-Korsakov routinely refers to the group as "Balakirev's circle", and occasionally uses "The Mighty Handful", usually with an ironic tone. He also makes the following reference to "The Five":
If we leave out of account Lodyzhensky, who accomplished nothing, and Lyadov, who appeared later, Balakirev's circle consisted of Balakirev, Cui, Mussorgsky, Borodin, and me (the French have retained the denomination of "Les Cinq" for us to this day).[5]—Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov, Chronicle of My Musical Life, 1909
The Russian word kuchka also spawned the terms "kuchkism" and "kuchkist", which may be applied to artistic aims or works in tune with the sensibilities of The Mighty Handful.
The name of Les Six, an even looser collection of French-speaking composers, emulates that of "The Five".
Formation[link]
The formation of the group began in 1856, with the first meeting of Balakirev and César Cui. Modest Mussorgsky joined them in 1857, Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov in 1861, and Alexander Borodin in 1862. All the composers in The Five were young men in 1862. Balakirev was 25, Cui 27, Mussorgsky 23, Borodin the eldest at 28, and Rimsky-Korsakov just 18. They were all self-trained amateurs. Borodin combined composing with a career in chemistry. Rimsky-Korsakov was a naval officer (he wrote his First Symphony on a three-year naval voyage circumnavigating the globe). Mussorgsky had been in the Guards, then in the civil service before taking up music; even at the height of his career in the 1870s he was forced by the expense of his drinking habit to hold down a full-time job in the State Forestry Department.[6]
In contrast to the élite status and court connections of Conservatory composers such as Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, The Five were mainly from the minor gentry of the provinces. To some degree their esprit de corps depended on the myth, which they themselves created, of a movement that was more "authentically Russian," in the sense that it was closer to the native soil, than the classic academy.[7]
Before them, Mikhail Glinka and Alexander Dargomyzhsky had gone some way towards producing a distinctly Russian kind of music, writing operas on Russian subjects, but The Mighty Handful represented the first concentrated attempt to develop such a music, with Stasov as their artistic adviser and Dargomyzhsky as an elder statesman to the group, so to speak. The circle began to fall apart during the 1870s, no doubt partially due to the fact that Balakirev withdrew from musical life early in the decade for a period of time. All of "The Five" are buried in Tikhvin Cemetery in Saint Petersburg.
Musical language[link]
Stylization[link]
The musical language The Five developed set them far apart from the Conservatoire. This self-conscious Russian styling was based on two elements:
- They tried to incorporate in their music what they heard in village songs, in Cossack and Caucasian dances, in church chants and the tolling of church bells (to the point where the bell tolling became a cliché). The Five's music became filled with imitative sounds of Russian life. They also tried to reproduce the long-drawn, lyrical and melismatic peasant song, what Glinka had once called "the soul of Russian music." Balakirev made this possible by his study of songs from the Volga in the 1860s. More than any previous anthology, his transcriptions artfully preserved the distinctive aspects of Russian folk music:
- Tonal mutability
- A tune seems to shift naturally from one tonal center to another, often ending up in a different key than the one in which the song began. This can produce a feeling of elusiveness, a lack of definition or of logical progression in the harmony. Even when stylized by The Five, this quality can make Russian music sound very different from the tonal structures of the West.
- A melody is simultaneously rendered by two or more performers in different variations. This is improvised by the singers until the end, when the song reverts to a single melodic line.
- Parallel fifths, fourths and thirds
- The effect lends Russian music a raw sonority missing entirely from the comparatively polished harmonies of Western music.
- The Five also adopted a series of harmonic devices to create a distinct "Russian" style and color different from Western music. This "exotic" styling of "Russia" was not just self-conscious but entirely invented. None of these devices was actually used in Russian folk or church music:
- Although Glinka did not invent this scale, his application of it in the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila (1842) — most recognizable at the end of the festive overture — provided a characteristic harmonic and melodic device. This scale in "Russian" works often suggests evil or ominous personages or situations. It was used by all the major composers from Tchaikovsky (the appearance of the Countess's ghost in The Queen of Spades) to Rimsky-Korsakov (in all his magic-story operas—Sadko, Kashchey the Deathless and The Invisible City of Kitezh). Claude Debussy also uses this scale in his music, taking this, among many things, from the Russians. Later it became a standard device in horror-movie scores.
- Also linked to Glinka's Ruslan, this is a harmonic pattern (in major mode) in which one upper part proceeds from the dominant pitch chromatically to the submediant while the other harmony parts remain constant. The most basic form of this pattern can be shown as follows (beginning with typical tonic): root-position tonic triad --> root-position augmented tonic triad -> 1st inversion submediant minor triad. A famous example of the Russian submediant occurs in the very opening bars of the third movement of Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherezade.
- Rimsky-Korsakov first used this in his symphonic poem Sadko in 1867. This scale became a sort of Russian calling-card — a leitmotif of magic and menace used not just by Rimsky-Korsakov but all of his followers, above all Alexander Scriabin, Maurice Ravel, Igor Stravinsky and Olivier Messiaen (mode 2).
- Modular rotation in sequences of thirds
- The Five made this device of Franz Liszt their own to base a loose symphonic-poem type of structure. This way, they could avoid the rigid Western laws of modulation in sonata form, allowing the form of a musical composition to be shaped entirely by the "content" of the music (its programmatic statements and visual descriptions) rather than by formal laws of symmetry. This loose structure became especially important for Mussorgsky's Pictures at an Exhibition, a work that may have done more than any other to define the Russian style.[9]
- This stylistic aspect became used by every Russian nationalist composer.[10] Its distinctive feature is to have only five notes in the octave, rather than the seven of the heptatonic scales (e.g., major and minor). The pentatonic scale is one of the ways of suggesting a "primitive" folk-melodic style as well as the "Eastern" element (Middle East, Asia). A melodic example of the "major-mode" pentatonic scale (C-D-E-G-A) can be heard at the entrance of the chorus at the beginning of Borodin's Prince Igor.
Orientalism[link]
One hallmark of "The Five" was its reliance on orientalism.[10] Many quintessentially "Russian" works were composed in orientalist style, such as Balakirev's Islamey, Borodin's Prince Igor and Rimsky-Korsakov's Scheherazade.[10] Orientalism, in fact, became widely considered in the West both one of the best-known aspects of Russian music and a trait of Russian national character.[11] As leader of "The Five," Balakirev encouraged the use of eastern themes and harmonies to set their "Russian" music apart from the German symphonism of Anton Rubinstein and other Western-oriented composers.[10] Because Rimsky-Korsakov used Russian folk and oriental melodies in his First Symphony, Stasov and the other nationalists dubbed it the "First Russian Symphony," even though Rubinstein had written his Ocean Symphony a dozen years before it.[10] These were themes Balakirev had transcribed in the Caucasus.[10] "The symphony is good," Cui wrote to Rimsky-Korsakov in 1863, while the latter was out on naval deployment. "We played it a few days ago at Balakirev's—to the great pleasure of Stassov. It is really Russian. Only a Russian could have composed it, because it lacks the slightest trace of any stagnant Germanness."[12]
Orientalism was not confined to using authentic Eastern melodies.[13] What became more important than the melodies themselves were the musical conventions added to them.[13] These conventions allowed orientalism to become an avenue for writing music on subjects considered unmentionable otherwise, such as political themes and erotic fantasies.[11] It also became a means of expressing Russian supremacy as the empire expanded under Alexander II.[11] This was often reinforced through misogynist symbolism—the rational, active and moral Western man versus the irrational, passive and immoral Eastern woman.[11]
Two major works entirely dominated by orientalism are Rimsky-Korsakov's symphonic suite Antar and Balakirev's symphonic poem Tamara.[13] Antar, set in Arabia, uses two different styles of music, Western (Russian) and Eastern (Arabian).[13] The first theme, Antar's, is masculine and Russian in character.[13] The second theme, feminine and oriental in melodic contour, belongs to the queen, Gul Nazar.[13] Rimsky-Korsakov was able to soften the implicit misogyny to some extent.[13] However, female sensuality does exert a paralyzing, ultimately destructive influence.[13] With Gul Nazar extinguishing Antar's life in a final embrace, the woman overcomes the man.[13]
Balakirev gives a more overtly misogynistic view of oriental women in Tamara.[13] He had originally planned to write a Caucasan dance called a lezginka, modeled on Glinka, for this work.[14] However, he discovered a poem by Mikhail Lermontov about the beautiful Tamara, who lived in a tower alongside the gorge of Daryal.[14] She lured travelers and allowed them to enjoy a night of sensual delights, only to kill them and throw their bodies into the River Terek.[14] Balakirev uses two specific codes endemic to orientalism in writing Tamara. The first code, based on obsessive rhythms, note repetitions, climactic effects and accelerated tempi, represents Dionysian intoxication.[13] The second code, consisting of unpredictable rhythms, irregular phrasing and based on long passages with many repeat notes, augmented and diminished intervals and extended melismas, depict sensual longing.[13] Not only did Balakirev use these codes extensively, but he also attempted to supercharge them further when he revised the orchestration of Tamara in 1898.[14]
A direct result of such orientalism was the big influence that this circle left on the formation of classical traditions in other nations of the east and south of Russia. For instance, one of Rimsky-Korsakov's famous students, Alexander Spendiaryan went on to become the founder of Armenian classical music, carrying on the traditions and aesthetics of the Mighty Handful to the Caucasus.
Quotations[link]
Rimsky-Korsakov provides the following picture of "The Mighty Handful" in his memoirs, Chronicle of My Musical Life (translated by J. A. Joffe):
Tastes[link]
"The tastes of the circle leaned towards Glinka, Schumann, and Beethoven's last quartets ... they had little respect for Mendelssohn ... Mozart and Haydn were considered out of date and naive ... J. S. Bach was held to be petrified ... Chopin was likened by Balakirev to a nervous society lady ... Berlioz was highly esteemed ...Liszt was comparatively unknown ... Little was said of Wagner ... They respected Dargomyzhsky for the recitative portions of Rusalka ... [but] he was not credited with any considerable talent and was treated with a shade of derision. ...Rubinstein had a reputation as a pianist, but was thought to have neither talent nor taste as a composer."
Balakirev[link]
"Balakirev, who had never had any systematic course in harmony and counterpoint and had not even superficially applied himself to them, evidently thought such studies quite unnecessary ... An excellent pianist, a superior sight reader of music, a splendid improviser, endowed by nature with the sense of correct harmony and part-writing, he possessed a technique partly native and partly acquired through a vast musical erudition, with the help of an extraordinary memory, keen and retentive, which means so much in steering a critical course in musical literature ... He instantly felt every technical imperfection or error, he grasped a defect in form at once. Whenever I or other young men, later on, played him our essays at composition, he instantly caught all the defects of form, modulation, and so on, and forthwith seating himself at the piano, he would improvise and show how the composition in question should be changed exactly as he indicated, and frequently entire passages in other people's compositions became his and not their putative authors' at all. He was obeyed absolutely, for the spell of his personality was tremendous. ... His influence over those around him was boundless, and resembled some magnetic or mesmeric force. ... he despotically demanded that the tastes of his pupils should exactly coincide with his own. The slightest deviation from his taste was severely censured by him. By means of raillery, a parody or caricature played by him, whatever did not suit him at the moment was belittled — and the pupil blushed with shame for his expressed opinion and recanted...."
Abilities[link]
"Balakirev considered me a symphony specialist ... in the sixties, Balakirev and Cui, though very intimate with Mussorgsky and sincerely fond of him, treated him like a lesser light, and of little promise at that, in spite of his undoubted talent. It seemed to them that there was something missing in him and, in their eyes, he was in need of advice and criticism. Balakirev often said that Mussorgsky had "no head" or that his "brains were weak." ... Balakirev thought that Cui understood little in symphony and musical forms and nothing in orchestration, but was a past master in vocal and operatic music; Cui, in turn, thought Balakirev a master in symphony, form, and orchestration, but with little liking for operatic composition and vocal music in general. Thus they complemented each other, but each, in his own way, felt mature and grown up. Borodin, Mussorgsky, and I, however — we were immature and juvenile. Obviously, towards Balakirev and Cui we were in somewhat subordinate relations; their opinions were listened to unconditionally...."
Influence[link]
Except perhaps for Cui, the members of this group influenced or taught many of the great Russian composers who were to follow, including Alexander Glazunov, Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov, Sergei Prokofiev, Igor Stravinsky, and Dmitri Shostakovich. They also influenced the two french symbolist composers Maurice Ravel and Claude Debussy through their radical tonal language.
Timeline[link]
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</timeline>
See also[link]
- List of Russian composers
- Tchaikovsky and the Five
- Les Six, French composers
- Armenian Mighty Handful
- Group of Eight (music), Spanish composers
References[link]
- ^ Abraham, Gerald, Essays on Russian and East European Music: Vladimir Stasov, Man and Critic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985, pg. 112
- ^ a b Calvocoressi, M.D., Abraham, G., Master Musicians Series: Mussorgsky, London: J.M.Dent & Sons, Ltd., 1946, pg. 178
- ^ Abraham, Gerald, The New Grove: Russian Masters 1: Balakirev, New York: W. W. Norton & Co., 1986, pg. 86
- ^ Krugosvet, "Balakirev Mily Alekseevich".
- ^ Rimsky-Korsakov, N., Chronicle of My Musical Life, New York: Knopf, 1923, pg. 286
- ^ Figes, Orlando, Natasha's Dance: A Cultural History of Russia (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002), 179.
- ^ Figes, 179. Also see R. Tarushkin, Defiining Russia Musically, xiii ff, per Figes.
- ^ DeVoto, Mark. "The Russian Submediant in the Nineteenth Century," Current Musicology, no. 59 (October 1995), pp. 48–76.
- ^ Figes, 180–181.
- ^ a b c d e f Figes, 391.
- ^ a b c d Maes, 80.
- ^ Rimsky-Korsakov, A.N., N.A. Rimskii-Korsakov: zhizn' i tvorchestvo, vyp. 2 (Moscow, 1935), 31.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Maes, Francis, tr. Pomerans, Arnold J. and Erica Pomerans, A History of Russian Music: From Kamarinskaya to Babi Yar (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 2002), 82.
- ^ a b c d Maes, 83.
External links[link]
- Encyclopædia Britannica article about "The Five" [1]
- The Article about The Five in "1000 years of Russian Music" [2]
- Turgenev and Russian Music: The Mighty Handful (with music samples)
- Russian musical influences of The Five on works of Claude Debussy [3]
http://wn.com/The_Five
Related pages:
http://it.wn.com/Gruppo dei Cinque
http://es.wn.com/Los Cinco
http://ru.wn.com/Могучая кучка
http://fr.wn.com/Groupe des Cinq
http://de.wn.com/Gruppe der Fünf
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Five
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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