An editorial, leading article (UK), or leader (UK) is an opinion piece written by the senior editorial staff or publisher of a newspaper or magazine. Editorials are usually unsigned and may be supposed to reflect the opinion of the periodical. In Australian and major United States newspapers, such as the New York Times^[1] and the Boston Globe,^[2] editorials are often classified under the heading "opinion".

Editorials may also be in the form of editorial cartoons.^[3]

Typically, a newspaper's editorial board evaluates which issues are important for their readership to know the newspaper's opinion.^[4]

Editorials are typically published on a special page dedicated to them, called the editorial page, which often also features letters to the editor from members of the public; the page opposite this page is called the op-ed page and frequently contains opinion pieces by writers not directly affiliated with the publication. However, a newspaper may choose to publish an editorial on the front page. In most English language press, this is done only rarely and on topics considered especially important; however, it is more common in some European countries such as Italy and France.^[5]

In the field of fashion publishing especially, the term has been adapted to usually refer to photo-editorials in particular – features with often full-page photographs on a particular theme, designer, model or other single topic, with or (as a photo-essay) without accompanying text.^[6]

References[link]

External links[link]

Look up editorial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

This journalism-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This article appears to be written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by rewriting promotional content from a neutral point of view and removing any inappropriate external links. (April 2012)

Yvon Chouinard
Chouinard teaching an ice climbing class on Mt. Hood, Oregon, in 1979
Born	(1938-11-09) November 9, 1938 (age 73) Lewiston, Maine
Occupation	Rock Climber, Equipment Manufacturer
Known for	Founder of Black Diamond Equipment and Patagonia (clothing)

Yvon Chouinard with equipment for rock climbing, including Hexentrics. Photo by Tom Frost.

Yvon Chouinard (born November 9, 1938)^[1] is a rock climber, environmentalist and outdoor industry businessman, noted for his contributions to climbing, climbing equipment and the outdoor gear business. His second company, Patagonia, is known for its environmental focus. According to Fortune magazine, Chouinard is arguably the most successful outdoor industry businessman alive today.

Chouinard is also a surfer, kayaker, falconer and fly fisherman, particularly fond of tenkara fly-fishing.^[2] He is a writer, first on climbing issues and ethics, and more lately on mixing environmentalism and sound business practice in the concept of a slow company. He has been on the cover of Fortune, and has been featured on CNBC's Squawk on the Street.

Early life[link]

Chouinard's father was a French-Canadian handyman, mechanic, plumber. In 1946, he and his family moved from Maine to Southern California. His early climbing partners included Royal Robbins and Tom Frost.^[2] A Sierra Club member, in his youth he founded the Southern California Falconry Club, and it was his investigations of falcon aeries that led him to rock climbing.^[2] To save money, and make adaptations for the way he was climbing, he decided to make his own climbing tools, teaching himself blacksmithing, and eventually started a business.^[3]

In 1971, Chouinard met and married his wife, Malinda Pennoyer, who was an art and home economics student at California State University, Fresno. They have a son (Fletcher) and a daughter (Claire).

Yosemite rock climber to leading alpinist[link]

Chouinard was one of the leading climbers of the "Golden Age of Yosemite Climbing". He participated in the first ascent of the North America Wall in 1964 (with Royal Robbins, Tom Frost and Chuck Pratt), using no fixed ropes. The next year, his and TM Herbert's ascent of the Muir Wall on El Capitan improved the style of previous first ascents.^[4] Chouinard became the most articulate advocate of the importance of style, the basis of modern rock climbing.

In 1961, he visited the Canadian Rockies with Fred Beckey, and made several important first ascents, including the North Face of Mount Edith Cavell, the Beckey-Chouinard Route on South Howser Tower in the Bugaboos, and the North Face of Mount Sir Donald. These climbs opened his eyes to the idea of applying Yosemite big-wall climbing techniques to mountain climbing, and his advocacy was important to modern, high-grade alpinism. Also in 1961, he visited Shawangunk Ridge for the first time, freeclimbing the first pitch of Matinee (the hardest free climb done at Shawangunk Ridge at the time); and introducing chrome-molybdenum steel pitons to the area, which revolutionized climbing protection. In 1968, he climbed Cerro Fitzroy in Patagonia by a new route (The Californian Route, 3rd overall ascent of the mountain) with Dick Dorworth, Chris Jones, Lito Tejada-Flores and Douglas Tompkins.^[5]

Chouinard has also traveled and climbed in the European Alps and in Pakistan.

Chouinard Equipment, Ltd.[link]

In 1957, he bought a second-hand coal-fired forge, and started making hardened steel pitons for use in Yosemite Valley. Between time spent surfing and climbing, he sold pitons out of the back of his car to support himself. The improved pitons were a big factor in the birth of big-wall climbing in 1957-1960 in Yosemite. The success of his pitons caused him to found Chouinard Equipment, Ltd.

In the late 1960s, Chouinard and business partner Tom Frost began studying ice climbing equipment, and re-invented the basic tools (crampons and ice axes) to perform on steeper ice. These new tools and his book Climbing Ice (1978) started the modern sport of ice climbing.

Around 1970, he became aware that the use of steel pitons made by his company was causing significant damage to the cracks of Yosemite. These pitons comprised 70 percent of his income.^[6] In 1971 and 1972, Chouinard and Frost introduced new aluminum chockstones, called Hexentrics and Stoppers, along with the less successful steel Crack-n-Ups, and committed the company to the advocacy of the new tools and a new style of climbing called "clean climbing". This concept revolutionized rock climbing and led to further success of the company, despite destroying the sales of pitons, formerly his most important product.

They applied for a U.S. patent on Hexentrics in 1974 and it was granted on April 6, 1976.^[7] These are still manufactured by Black Diamond Equipment.

In the latter 1960s, Chouinard attempted a number of significant technological and technique changes to ice climbing after trips to the Alps in Europe and Sierra Nevada ice gullies in autumn. He removed the flex from crampons, making them more rigid for front-pointing. He drew the taper of a rock hammer into a point for better ice purchase. He increased the cross section of ice screws while also using lighter materials. He experimented with pick and blade issues with ice axes. Prior to this, much of ice climbing was seen as mere step cutting. He attempted to replace hand ice picks (climbing type) with a small ice axe head called a Climaxe.

In 1989, Chouinard Equipment, Ltd. filed for bankruptcy protection in order to protect it from liability lawsuits. The hard assets of Chouinard Equipment, Ltd. were acquired by its employees through the Chapter 11 process, and the company was reestablished as Black Diamond Equipment, Ltd.^[6]

Patagonia and environmentalism[link]

Chouinard is most noted for the clothing and gear company, Patagonia. In 1970 on a trip to Scotland, he purchased some rugby shirts and sold them with great success.^[8] From this small start, the Patagonia company developed a wide selection of rugged technical clothing.

Recognizing that the financial success of the company provided the opportunity to also achieve personal goals, Chouinard committed the company to being an outstanding place to work, and to be an important resource for environmental activism. In 1984, Patagonia opened an on-site cafeteria offering "healthy, mostly vegetarian food," and started providing on-site child care.^[9] In 1986, Chouinard committed the company to "tithing" for environmental activism, committing one percent of sales or ten percent of profits, whichever is the greater. The commitment included paying employees working on local environmental projects so they could commit their efforts full-time.

The 1972 Chouinard catalog was influential in ushering-in the "clean climbing" movement in North America.^{[citation needed]} It was more a collection of essays than a catalog, per se. Piton damage all but ceased.

In the early 1990s, an environmental audit of Patagonia revealed the surprising result that cotton was the worst product for the environment. In 1994, Chouinard committed the company to using all pesticide-free cotton, and this demand created the organic cotton industry in California.^{[citation needed]}

Publications[link]

• Chouinard, Yvon (1982). Climbing Ice. New York, USA: Random House. ISBN 0-87156-207-3. 
• Chouinard, Yvon (2005). Let My People Go Surfing. New York, USA: The Penguin Press. ISBN 1-59420-072-6. 

Notable ascents[link]

• 1961 North Face, Mount Edith Cavell, Canadian Rockies (First ascent with Fred Beckey and Dan Doody).^[10]
• 1962 Northeast Face, Disappointment Peak, Teton Range, Wyoming. (IV 5.9 A3) First ascent with Tom Frost.^[11]
• 1964 North American Wall, El Capitan, Yosemite Valley - (VI 5.8 A5 3000') - First ascent with Royal Robbins, Tom Frost and Chuck Pratt.^[12]
• 1965 Muir Wall, El Capitan, Yosemite Valley - (VI 5.10 A3) - First ascent with TM Herbert, June 1965.^[13]
• 1968 Southwest Ridge aka California Route, Cerro Fitzroy, Patagonia First ascent of route with Doug Tompkins, Lito Tejada-Flores, Chris Jones and Dick Dorworth, 3rd ascent of peak.^[14]
• 1975 Diamond Couloir (direct finish) Mount Kenya, Kenya. First ascent of direct finish with Michael Covington, January 1975.^[15]

Related reading[link]

• Ottman, Jacquelyn A. (2004). GREEN MARKETING: OPPORTUNITY FOR INNOVATION. Charleston, South Carolina, USA: BookSurge Publishing; 2nd edition. ISBN 0-8442-3239-4. http://www.greenmarketing.com/Green_Marketing_Book/Green_Marketing_Book.html. 
• Krakauer, Jon (1990). Eiger Dreams. Presses de la Cité. ISBN 2-258-04862-1. 

References[link]

1. ^ http://www.usnews.com/listings/best-leaders/4-yvon-chouinard
2. ^ ^{a b c} [see: Fly Rod and Reel magazine, "Simple Gifts", by Yvon Chouinard, Oct/Nov '09]
3. ^ http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/isbnInquiry.asp?ISBN=1594200726&z=y Publishers note
4. ^ Jones, Chris (1976). Climbing in North America. Berkeley, CA, USA: U of Cal Press. pp. 362–363. ISBN 0-520-02976-3. 
5. ^ Jones, Chris (1976). Climbing in North America. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California, USA: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-02976-3. 
6. ^ ^{a b} http://www.fashion-planet.com/sept98/features/earth_watchers/patagonia.html
7. ^ Chouinard, Yvon; Frost, Tom (April 6, 1976). "Irregular, Polygonal Mountaineering Chock 3,948,485". United States Patent Office. http://www.google.com/patents?id=DMQvAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=U.+S.+Patent+3,948,485&source=bl&ots=8nyYTjrmT5&sig=vn8JlkCwCF3ai7ctH_0jPrMI59g&hl=en&ei=ooctS5qxGI-wsgPe8vmJBA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=8&ved=0CCIQ6AEwBw#v=onepage&q=U.%20S.%20Patent%203%2C948%2C485&f=false. Retrieved 20 December 2009. 
8. ^ Patagonia, Inc. (2006). "Patagonia's History - a company created by climber Yvon Chouinard". Patagonia web site. http://www.patagonia.com/web/uspro/patagonia.go?assetid=3351. Retrieved 2006-12-01. 
9. ^ Patagonia, Inc. (2006). "Patagonia's History - a company created by climber Yvon Chouinard". Patagonia web site. http://www.patagonia.com/web/uspro/patagonia.go?assetid=3351. Retrieved 2007-06-20. 
10. ^ Jones, Chris (1976). Climbing in North America. Berkeley, California, USA: University of California Press. pp. 360–361. ISBN 0-520-02976-3. 
11. ^ Jones, Chris (1976). Climbing in North America. Berkeley, California, USA: U of Cal Press. pp. 311. ISBN 0-520-02976-3. 
12. ^ Jones, Chris (1976). Climbing in North America. pp. 315–316. ISBN 0-520-02976-3. 
13. ^ Reid, Don (1993). Yosemite Climbs: Big Walls. Evergreen, Colorado, USA: Chockstone Press. pp. 202. ISBN 0-934641-54-4. 
14. ^ Tompkins, Doug; H. Adams Carter (editor) (1969). "Fitz Roy 1968". American Alpine Journal (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA: American Alpine Club) 16 (43): 263–269. 
15. ^ Covington, Michael (1976). "Mount Kenya's Diamond Couloir". American Alpine Journal (New York, New York, USA: American Alpine Club) 20 (50): 384–389. 

External links[link]

• Outdoor Business Pioneer Yvon Chouinard (NPR interview with Yvon Chouinard)

Fred McFeely Rogers (March 20, 1928 â€“ February 27, 2003) was an American educator, Presbyterian minister, songwriter, author, and television host. Rogers was most famous for creating and hosting Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968–2001), which featured his gentle, soft-spoken personality and directness to his audiences.^[1]

Initially educated to be a minister, Rogers was displeased with the way television addressed children and made an effort to change this when he began to write for and perform on local Pittsburgh-area shows dedicated to youth. The Public Broadcasting Service developed his own nationally-aired show in 1968 and, over the course of three decades on television, he became an indelible American icon of children's entertainment and education, as well as a symbol of compassion, patience, and morality.^[2] He was also known for his advocacy of various public causes. His testimony before a lower court in favor of time shifting was cited in a U.S. Supreme Court decision on the Betamax case, and he gave now-famous testimony to a U.S. Senate committee, advocating government funding for children's television.^[3]

Rogers was honored extensively for his life work in children's education. He received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the United States' highest civilian honor; a Peabody Award for his career; and was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame. Two resolutions recognizing his work were unanimously passed by U.S. Congress, one of his trademark sweaters was acquired and is on display at the Smithsonian Institution, and several buildings and works of art in Pennsylvania are dedicated to his memory.

In 1996, Mister Fred Rogers was ranked #35 on TV Guide's 50 Greatest TV Stars of All Time.^[4]

Personal life[link]

Fred McFeely Rogers was born in Latrobe, Pennsylvania, 40 miles (65 km) southeast of Pittsburgh, to James and Nancy Rogers; he had one sister, Elaine Rogers Crozier.^[5] Early in life he spent much of his free time with his maternal grandfather, Fred McFeely, who had an interest in music. He would often sing along as his mother would play the piano and himself began playing at five.^[6]

Rogers graduated from Latrobe High School (1946),^[7] He studied at Dartmouth College (1946–48),^[8] then transferred to Rollins College in Winter Park, Florida, where he earned a B.A. in Music Composition in 1951.^[9]

At Rollins he met Sara Joanne Byrd, an Oakland, Florida native; they married on June 9, 1952.^[10] They had two sons, James (b. 1959) and John (b. 1961).^[11] In 1963 Rogers graduated from Pittsburgh Theological Seminary and was ordained a minister in the Presbyterian Church.

During the course of his career, he garnered forty honorary degrees.^[6] Rogers was red-green color blind,^[12] swam every morning, was a vegetarian, and neither smoked nor drank.^[13]

Rogers had an apartment in New York City and a summer home on Nantucket island in Massachusetts.^[11][14]

Television career[link]

Early work[link]

Fred Rogers on set in the late 1960s

Fred Rogers had a life-changing moment when he first saw television in his parents' home. He entered seminary after college; but, after his first experience as a viewer, he wanted to explore the potential of the medium.^[14] In an interview with CNN in his later years, Rogers stated, "I went into television because I hated it so, and I thought there was some way of using this fabulous instrument to be of nurture to those who would watch and listen."^[13]

He thus applied for a job at NBC in New York City in 1951 and was hired because of his Music degree. Rogers spent three years working on the production staffs for such music-centered programming as NBC Opera Theater. He also worked on Gabby Hayes' show for children. Ultimately, Rogers decided that commercial television's reliance on advertisement and merchandising undermined its ability to educate or enrich young audiences, so he quit NBC.

In 1954, he began working at WQED, a Pittsburgh public television station, as a puppeteer on a local children's show The Children's Corner. For the next seven years, he worked with host Josie Carey in unscripted live TV, developing many of the puppets, characters, and music used in his later work, such as King Friday XIII, and Curious X the Owl.

Rogers began wearing his famous sneakers when he found them to be quieter than his work shoes as he moved about behind the set. He was also the voices of King Friday XIII and Queen Sara Saturday (named after his wife), rulers of the neighborhood, as well as X the Owl, Henrietta Pussycat, Daniel Striped Tiger, Lady Elaine Fairchild, and Larry Horse. The show won a Sylvania Award^[15] for best children's show, and was briefly broadcast nationally on NBC.

During these eight years, he would leave the WQED studios during his lunch breaks to study theology at the nearby Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. Rogers, however, was not interested in preaching; and, after his ordination, he was specifically charged to continue his work with Children's Television. He had also done work at the University of Pittsburgh's program in Child Development and Child Care.

In 1963, Rogers moved to Toronto, where he was contracted by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) to develop a 15-minute children's television program: Misterogers, [sic]^[16] which would be his debut in front of the camera. The show was a hit with children but lasted for only three seasons. Many of his famous set pieces—Trolley, Eiffel Tower, the 'tree', and 'castle'—were created by CBC designers. While in Canada, Rogers brought his friend and understudy Ernie Coombs, who would go on to create Mr. Dressup, a very successful and long-running children's show in Canada, and similar in many ways to Mister Rogers' Neighborhood. Mr. Dressup also used some of the songs that would be featured on Rogers' later program.

In 1966, Rogers acquired the rights to his program from the CBC and moved the show to WQED in Pittsburgh, where he had worked on The Children's Corner. He developed the new show for the Eastern Educational Network. Stations that carried the program were limited but did include educational stations in Boston, Washington, D.C., and New York City.

After returning to Pittsburgh, Rogers attended and participated in activities at the Sixth Presbyterian church in the Squirrel Hill neighborhood of Pittsburgh, a More Light congregation which he attended until his death.^[17]

Distribution of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood began on February 19, 1968. The following year, the show moved to PBS (Public Broadcasting Service). In 1971, Rogers formed Family Communications, Inc. (FCI), and the company established offices in the WQED building in Pittsburgh. Initially, the company served solely as the production arm of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, but now develops and produces an array of children's programming and educational materials.

[edit] Mister Rogers' Neighborhood

A sweater worn by Rogers, on display in the Smithsonian Institution's Museum of American History.

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood began airing in 1968 and ran for 895 episodes; the last set of new episodes was taped in December 2000 and began airing in August 2001. At its peak, in 1985, 8% of U.S households tuned in to the show.^[6]

• Each episode began the same way: Mister Rogers is seen coming home, singing his theme song "Won't You Be My Neighbor?", and changing into sneakers and a zippered cardigan sweater.
• In a typical episode, Rogers might have an earnest conversation with his television audience, interact with live guests, take a field trip to such places as a bakery or a music store, or watch a short film.
• Typical video subjects included demonstrations of how such inanimate objects as bulldozers and crayons work or are manufactured.
• Each episode included a trip to Rogers' "Neighborhood of Make-Believe" featuring a trolley with its own chiming theme song, a castle, and the kingdom's citizens, including King Friday XIII. The subjects discussed in the Neighborhood of Make-Believe often allowed further development of themes discussed in Mister Rogers' "real" neighborhood.
• Mister Rogers often fed his fish during episodes. They were originally named Fennel and Frieda.
• Typically, each week's episode explored a major theme, such as going to school for the first time.
• Originally, most episodes ended with a song entitled "Tomorrow", and Friday episodes looked forward to the week ahead with an adapted version of "It's Such a Good Feeling." In later seasons, all episodes ended with "Feeling."

Visually, the presentation of the show was very simple, and it did not feature the animation or fast pace of other children's shows, which Rogers thought of as "bombardment".^[3] Rogers also believed in not acting out a different persona on camera compared to how he acted off camera, stating that "One of the greatest gifts you can give anybody is the gift of your honest self. I also believe that kids can spot a phony a mile away."^[18] Rogers composed almost all of the music on the program.^{[note 1]} He wanted to teach children to love themselves and others, and he addressed common childhood fears with comforting songs and skits. For example, one of his famous songs explains how a child cannot be pulled down the bathtub drain because he or she will not fit. He even once took a trip to the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh to show children that a hospital is not a place to fear. During the Gulf War (1990–91), he assured his audience that all children in the neighborhood would be well cared for and asked parents to promise to take care of their own children. The message was aired again by PBS during the media storm that preceded the 2003 invasion of Iraq.

Other television work[link]

In 1994, Rogers created another one-time special for PBS called Fred Rogers' Heroes which consisted of documentary portraits of four real-life people whose work helped make their communities better. Rogers, uncharacteristically dressed in a suit and tie, hosted in wraparound segments which did not use the "Neighborhood" set.

For a time Rogers produced specials for parents as a precursor to the subject of the week on the Neighborhood called "Mister Rogers Talks To Parents About [topic]". Rogers didn't host those specials though as other people like Joan Lunden, who hosted the Conflict special, and other news announcers played MC duties in front of a gallery of parents while Rogers answered questions from them. These specials were made to prep the parents for any questions the children might ask after watching the episodes on that topic of the week.

The only time Rogers appeared on television as someone other than himself was in 1996, when he played a preacher on one episode of Dr. Quinn, Medicine Woman.^[6]

In the mid-1980s, the Burger King fast-food chain lampooned Rogers' image with an actor called "Mr. Rodney", imitating Rogers' television character.^[19] Rogers found the character's pitching fast food as confusing to children, and called a press conference in which he stated that he did not endorse the company's use of his character or likeness (Rogers did no commercial endorsements of any kind throughout his career, though he acted as a pitchman for several non-profit organizations dedicated to learning over the years). The chain publicly apologized for the faux pas, and pulled the ads.^[20] By contrast, Fred Rogers found Eddie Murphy's parody of his show on Saturday Night Live, "Mister Robinson's Neighborhood," amusing and affectionate, which was also initially broadcast at a time of night when his own child audience was not likely to see it.^[21]

Emmys for programming[link]

Mister Rogers' Neighborhood won four Emmy awards, and Rogers received one for lifetime achievement.

During the 1997 Daytime Emmys, the Lifetime Achievement Award was presented to Rogers. The following is an excerpt from Esquire's coverage of the gala, written by Tom Junod:

Mister Rogers went onstage to accept the award â€” and there, in front of all the soap opera stars and talk show sinceratrons, in front of all the jutting man-tanned jaws and jutting saltwater bosoms, he made his small bow and said into the microphone, "All of us have special ones who have loved us into being. Would you just take, along with me, ten seconds to think of the people who have helped you become who you are. Ten seconds of silence."

And then he lifted his wrist, looked at the audience, looked at his watch, and said, "I'll watch the time." There was, at first, a small whoop from the crowd, a giddy, strangled hiccup of laughter, as people realized that he wasn't kidding, that Mister Rogers was not some convenient eunuch, but rather a man, an authority figure who actually expected them to do what he asked. And so they did. One second, two seconds, three seconds â€” and now the jaws clenched, and the bosoms heaved, and the mascara ran, and the tears fell upon the beglittered gathering like rain leaking down a crystal chandelier. And Mister Rogers finally looked up from his watch and said softly "May God be with you," to all his vanquished children.^[14][22]

Other works[link]

This section requires expansion.

Rogers wrote many of the songs that were used on his television program, and more than 36 books including:

• Eight New Experiences titles:
  • Moving
  • Going to the Doctor
  • Going to the Hospital
  • Going to Day Care
  • Going to the Potty
  • Making Friends
  • The New Baby
  • When a Pet Dies (1998)
• The World According to Mister Rogers: Important Things to Remember (2003)

Advocacy[link]

Rogers meeting with President George W. Bush in 2002.

PBS funding[link]

In 1969, Rogers appeared before the United States Senate Subcommittee on Communications. His goal was to support funding for PBS and the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, in response to significant proposed cuts. In about six minutes of testimony, Rogers spoke of the need for social and emotional education that public television provided. He passionately argued that alternative television programming like his Neighborhood helped encourage children to become happy and productive citizens, sometimes opposing less positive messages in media and in popular culture. He even recited the lyrics to one of his songs.

The chairman of the subcommittee, John O. Pastore, was not previously familiar with Rogers' work, and was sometimes described as impatient. However, he reported that the testimony had given him goosebumps, and declared, "I think it's wonderful. Looks like you just earned the $20 million." The subsequent congressional appropriation, for 1971, increased PBS funding from $9 million to $22 million.^[23]

VCR[link]

During the controversy surrounding the introduction of the household VCR, Rogers was involved in supporting the manufacturers of VCRs in court. His 1979 testimony in the case Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc. noted that he did not object to home recording of his television programs, for instance, by families in order to watch together at a later time. This testimony contrasted with the views of others in the television industry who objected to home recording or believed that devices to facilitate it should be taxed or regulated.

The Supreme Court considered the testimony of Rogers in its decision that held that the Betamax video recorder did not infringe copyright. The Court stated that his views were a notable piece of evidence "that many [television] producers are willing to allow private time-shifting to continue" and even quoted his testimony in a footnote:

Some public stations, as well as commercial stations, program the "Neighborhood" at hours when some children cannot use it ... I have always felt that with the advent of all of this new technology that allows people to tape the "Neighborhood" off-the-air, and I'm speaking for the "Neighborhood" because that's what I produce, that they then become much more active in the programming of their family's television life. Very frankly, I am opposed to people being programmed by others. My whole approach in broadcasting has always been "You are an important person just the way you are. You can make healthy decisions." Maybe I'm going on too long, but I just feel that anything that allows a person to be more active in the control of his or her life, in a healthy way, is important.^[24]

Death, awards, and memorials[link]

Rogers was diagnosed with stomach cancer in December 2002, not long after his retirement. He underwent surgery on January 6, 2003, which was unsuccessful.^[5][25] A week earlier, he served as grand marshal of the Tournament of Roses Parade, with Art Linkletter and Bill Cosby.^[26]

Rogers died on the morning of February 27, 2003 at his home with his wife by his side, less than a month before he would have turned 75.^[5] His death was such a significant event in Pittsburgh that the entire front page of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette published the next day devoted its coverage to him.^[27] The Reverend William P. Barker presided over a public memorial in Pittsburgh. More than 2,700 people attended the memorial at Heinz Hall, including former Good Morning America host David Hartman, Teresa Heinz Kerry, philanthropist Elsie Hillman, PBS President Pat Mitchell, Arthur creator Marc Brown, and The Very Hungry Caterpillar author-illustrator Eric Carle.^[11] Speakers remembered Rogers' love of children, devotion to his religion, enthusiasm for music, and quirks. Teresa Heinz Kerry said of Rogers, "He never condescended, just invited us into his conversation. He spoke to us as the people we were, not as the people others wished we were."^[28] Rogers is interred at Unity Cemetery in Latrobe.

On New Years Day of 2004, Michael Keaton hosted the PBS TV special Fred Rogers: America's Favorite Neighbor. It was released on DVD September 28 that year. Keaton was a former stagehand on the show before he quit to become an actor. To mark what would have been his 80th birthday, Rogers' production company sponsored several events to memorialize him, including "Won't You Wear a Sweater Day", during which fans and neighbors were asked to wear their favorite sweaters in celebration.^[29]

The television industry honored Rogers with a George Foster Peabody Award "in recognition of 25 years of beautiful days in the neighborhood" in 1987,^[30] the same year he was initiated as an honorary member of Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia Fraternity, the national fraternity for men of music.^[31] Rogers was a National Patron of Delta Omicron, an international professional music fraternity.^[32] He was inducted into the Television Hall of Fame in 1999.^[33] One of Rogers' iconic sweaters was acquired by the Smithsonian Institution, which displays it as a "Treasure of American History".^[34] In 2002 Rogers received the PNC Commonwealth Award in Mass Communications.^[35]

He was furthermore awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2002, for his contributions to children's education, justified by President George W. Bush, who said, "Fred Rogers has proven that television can soothe the soul and nurture the spirit and teach the very young". A year later, the U.S. Senate unanimously passed Resolution 16 to commemorate the life of Fred Rogers.^[1] It read, in part, "Through his spirituality and placid nature, Mr. Rogers was able to reach out to our nation's children and encourage each of them to understand the important role they play in their communities and as part of their families. More importantly, he did not shy away from dealing with difficult issues of death and divorce but rather encouraged children to express their emotions in a healthy, constructive manner, often providing a simple answer to life's hardships."

Following Rogers' death, the U.S. House of Representatives in 2003 unanimously passed Resolution 111 honoring Rogers for "his legendary service to the improvement of the lives of children, his steadfast commitment to demonstrating the power of compassion, and his dedication to spreading kindness through example."^[36]

The same year the U.S. Presbyterian Church approved an overture "to observe a memorial time for the Reverend Fred M. Rogers" at its General Assembly.^[37] The rationale for the recognition of Rogers reads, "The Reverend Fred Rogers, a member of the Presbytery of Pittsburgh, as host of Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood since 1968, had a profound effect on the lives of millions of people across the country through his ministry to children and families. Mister Rogers promoted and supported Christian values in the public media with his demonstration of unconditional love. His ability to communicate with children and to help them understand and deal with difficult questions in their lives will be greatly missed."^[38]

Several buildings, monuments, and works of art are dedicated to Rogers' memory, including a mural sponsored by the Pittsburgh-based Sprout Fund in 2006, "Interpretations of Oakland," by John Laidacker that featured Mr. Rogers.^[39] Saint Vincent College in (Latrobe, Pennsylvania) completed construction of The Fred M. Rogers Center for Early Learning and Children's Media in 2008.^[40] The Fred Rogers Memorial Statue on the North Shore near Heinz Field in Pittsburgh^[41] was created by Robert Berks and dedicated in 2009.^[42]

The asteroid 26858 Misterrogers is named after Rogers. This naming, by the International Astronomical Union, was announced on May 2, 2003 by the director of the Henry Buhl Jr. Planetarium & Observatory at the Carnegie Science Center in Pittsburgh. The science center worked with Rogers' Family Communications, Inc. to produce a planetarium show for preschoolers called "The Sky Above Mister Rogers' Neighborhood", which plays at planetariums across the United States.^[43][44]

False rumors[link]

A false rumor claims that Fred Rogers was once a U.S. Marine sniper in the Vietnam War. The rumor appeared on the Internet in 1994 and re-emerged several times over the next ten years, most notably after his death in 2003.^[45][46] However, Rogers never served in any branch of the military. Beginning in 1963, Rogers developed the Misterogers program for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. In 1966, he moved back to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in the U.S. where he produced Mister Rogers' Neighborhood through the height of U.S. military involvement in Vietnam. Related claims that Rogers had a number of military tattoos are also entirely false.^[47]

See also[link]

Biography portal

• Colcom Foundation

Notes[link]

1. ^ Bits of incidental music, such as improvisations from members of the orchestra or music from guests to the program, weren't composed by Rogers. The recurring iconic songs, however, were all Rogers' work.

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fred Rogers

• Fred Rogers at the Internet Movie Database
• PBS Kids: Official Site
• The Fred M. Rogers Center
• The Fred Rogers Company (formerly known as Family Communications)
• Kit and Morgan Benson (Feb 27, 2003). "Fred Rogers". Educator, Television Show Host. Find a Grave. http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=7216800. Retrieved Aug 18, 2011. 
• Fred Rogers Interview at Archive of American Television

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (July 2011)

Michael Feiner born in Gothenburg, Sweden in 1971, is a musician, songwriter, music producer, multi-instrumentalist and DJ. He is member of the Swedish house band duo The Attic formed in 2003 alongside his childhood friend Eric Amarillo. The duo as The Attic alongside Therese Grankvist took part in Melodifestivalen 2007 wth "The Arrival".

A successful singer and song writer, he has also developed a solo career and has had many collaborations with established artists and is the voice behind a number of big dance floor hits such as "Together" with Axwell & Sebastian Ingrosso, "Fairplay (Let There Be Love)" with Markus Gardeweg featuring Michael Feiner, "In Your Eyes" and "Flash In The Night" with his own band The Attic.^[1]

Discography[link]

For discography with his band, see The Attic

Singles / Releases[link]

• 2006: "Midsummer"
• 2006: "Folka"
• 2009: "Fairplay (Let There Be Love)" (credited to Markus Gardeweg feat. Michael Feiner)
• 2009: "Peace"
• 2009: "Must Be the Music"
• 2010: "Music Will Turn You On" (credited to Michael Feiner and Eric Amarillo)
• 2010: "Free" / "Party People (credited to Michael Feiner and Eric Amarillo)

Tracks and collaborations

• 2005: "Together" (credited to Axwell and Sebastian Ingrosso feat. Michael Feiner)
• 2006: "I Need a House (Michael Feiner mix)" by Marie Sernehol
• 2008: "Rise and Shine" (credited to Michael Mind feat. Michael Feiner)
• 2008: "All On You" by Danny Saucedo (written by Michael Feiner and Eric Amarillo)
• 2008: "Saturday Night" (credited to Michael Feiner feat. Daniel Lindström)
• 2009: "Don't Let Me Down" (credited to Eddie Thoneick feat. Michael Feiner, from the compilation Ministry of Sound Sessions Six)
• 2009: "Pangea" / "Better Ways" (credited to Albin Myers feat. Michael Feiner)
• 2009: "Stars" (credited to DBN vs. Tommy Trash feat. Michael Feiner)
• 2011: "The Days to Come" (credited to Arias and Arno Cost feat. Michael Feiner)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Facebook
• MySpace
• Discogs
• LastFM

This article about a Swedish musician is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Rickie Fowler
Fowler in July 2010
Personal information
Full name	Rick Yutaka Fowler
Born	(1988-12-13) December 13, 1988 (age 23) Murrieta, California
Height	5 ft 9 in (1.75 m)
Weight	150 lb (68 kg; 11 st)
Nationality	United States
Residence	Jupiter, Florida
Career
College	Oklahoma State University
Turned professional	2009
Current tour(s)	PGA Tour
Professional wins	2
Number of wins by tour
PGA Tour	1
Other	1
Best results in Major Championships
Masters Tournament	T27: 2012
U.S. Open	T60: 2008
The Open Championship	T5: 2011
PGA Championship	T51: 2011
Achievements and awards
PGA Tour Rookie of the Year	2010

Rick Yutaka Fowler (born December 13, 1988) is an American professional golfer. He was the number one ranked amateur golfer in the world for 36 weeks in 2007 and 2008.

Amateur career[link]

Fowler was born and raised in Murrieta, California,^[1] where he went to Murrieta Valley High School. For years he played only on a driving range and is almost entirely self-taught. During his freshman year in high school, he posted an all-time course record of 62 at his home course, SCGA, in Murrieta, California.^{[citation needed]} In his senior year in high school, Fowler won the SW League Final with a total score of 64–69=133, and led his team to the state final in 2007. After high school he attended Oklahoma State University. He posted his first collegiate victory at the Fighting Illini Invitational hosted by the University of Illinois on October 1, 2007, by shooting a 203 (70-63-70) to win the tournament by one stroke.^[2]

In the summer of 2005 Fowler won the Western Junior and competed in the U.S. Amateur, where he was defeated by the eventual champion Richie Ramsay.

In 2006 Fowler shot a 137 for two rounds at the U.S. Junior Amateur and was knocked out in the second round of match play. The championship was won by Philip Francis.

Fowler represented the United States in its victory at the 2007 Walker Cup. His record was 2–0 in foursomes and 1–1 in singles making his overall record 3–1. Billy Horschel was his partner for both of their foursome victories. That year Fowler won the Sunnehanna Amateur in June and the Players Amateur in July.

In 2008 Fowler repeated as Sunnehanna Amateur champion. In the first round of the U.S. Open, Fowler shot a â?’1 (70) and was in a tie for 7th place. He was one of three amateurs to make the cut, along with Derek Fathauer and Michael Thompson. He ended the tournament tied for 60th. In October 2008 Fowler played on the Eisenhower Trophy team that finished second.

In 2009 Fowler made his second and last appearance in the Walker Cup. He won all four matches in which he played as the U.S. won by a seven-point margin. His partner in both foursomes matches was Bud Cauley. He also finished third in the Sunnehanna Amateur in 2009.

Professional career[link]

After the Walker Cup, Fowler turned professional and played the Albertsons Boise Open on the Nationwide Tour for his pro debut.^[3] In September 2009, it was announced that Fowler signed a multi-year equipment deal with Titleist.^[4] He also signed a clothing deal with Puma in the same month.^[5] He has since signed a deal with Rolex.

Fowler's first PGA Tour event as a professional was the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open where he finished tied for seventh.^[6] His second PGA Tour event was at the Frys.com Open played at Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale, Arizona. He finished tied for second after losing to Troy Matteson in a threeway playoff that included Jamie Lovemark. Fowler's score of 18 under par included a hole in one on the fifth hole in his final round. Fowler also notched an eagle in each of his four rounds.^[7]

In December 2009, Fowler successfully gained a 2010 PGA Tour card through qualifying school, finishing T15.^[8]

2010[link]

In February 2010 Fowler finished second at the Waste Management Phoenix Open with a score of 15 under par at the TPC of Scottsdale course in Scottsdale, Arizona. In June 2010 Fowler notched his third PGA Tour runner-up finish at the Memorial Tournament in Dublin, Ohio. Fowler entered the final round in the lead, before shooting a 73 to finish behind tournament winner, Justin Rose, who recorded his first PGA Tour victory. This performance took Fowler into the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking.

In September 2010 he was chosen as a captain's pick for the U.S. Ryder Cup team.^[9] At age 21 years and 9 months when the matches began, Fowler became the youngest U.S. Ryder Cup player of all time, and only European Sergio García was younger when he made his Ryder Cup debut in 1999. Fowler forfeited a hole during foursomes competition on the first match day because of a rules violation, by taking a permissible free drop from muddy conditions in an improper location, a mistake U.S. captain Corey Pavin attributed to Fowler's inexperience.^[10] On the final day of the competition in his singles match against Edoardo Molinari, Fowler birdied the last 4 holes to halve the match after having been 4 down after 12 holes.^[11]

Fowler won the Rookie of the Year award,^[12] controversially claiming the award over Northern Ireland's Rory McIlroy.^[13][14]

2011[link]

In July 2011 Fowler tied the 54-hole lead at the AT&T National, but an early double bogey on Sunday derailed his opportunity for his first PGA Tour win. Two weeks later Fowler recorded his most successful result to date in a major tournament by finishing tied for 5th in The Open Championship at Royal St George's.^[15] In August, Fowler finished in a tie for second at the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational behind winner Adam Scott, lifting him to 28 in the world rankings.^[16]

At the 2011 PGA Championship Fowler carded 74–69–75–68 to finish with a six-over par total of 286, finishing in a tie for 51st place. Early on the third day Fowler rocketed up the leaderboard with three birdies in the first five holes only to falter later in the round with two triple bogeys, effectively ending his hopes of a first major championship and PGA tour win.^[17]

At the first FedEx Cup playoff event, Fowler finished T52 at The Barclays in the last week in August. The following week he again finished T52 at the Deutsche Bank Championship, the second FedEx Cup playoff event, after carding a disappointing six over par final round 77. At that point Fowler was positioned 37 in the FedEx Cup points standings and required a strong performance at the BMW Championship to qualify in the top thirty for the The Tour Championship; a performance which eluded him, finishing in 48th place. In finishing 43rd in the FedEx Cup, Fowler earned a $132,000 bonus.^[18]

In October Fowler enjoyed his first professional win with victory in the OneAsia Tour's Kolon Korea Open, securing a six shot victory over Rory McIlroy.

Fowler ended 2011 ranked 32nd on the Official World Golf Ranking.^[19]

In September 2011 Fowler, alongside Graeme McDowell, was part of the PGA Tour's These Guys are Good campaign.^[20][21]

2012[link]

Fowler won the Wells Fargo Championship in Charlotte, North Carolina, on May 6, 2012 on the first extra hole of a sudden-death playoff. Replaying the 18th hole, he defeated Rory McIlroy and D. A. Points with a birdie to gain his first PGA Tour win. Fowler shot a 69 (–3) in the final round to finish in a three-way tie after 72 holes at Quail Hollow Club. This win enabled Fowler to break the Top 25 in the world, placing him at number 24. The following week at The Players Championship in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, Fowler played the final hole at -11 under par and had a birdie opportunity to bring him within one of leader and eventual winner Matt Kuchar. However, Fowler pushed his putt to the right and finished in a tie for second, his fifth second place finish of his career.

Personal[link]

Fowler resides in Jupiter, Florida; he moved to Florida from Las Vegas when the 2010 season ended.^[22] Fowler's middle name, Yutaka, comes from his maternal grandfather, who is Japanese.^[23] His maternal grandmother is Navajo.^[24] On the final day of a golf tournament Fowler wears orange^[25] in honor of Oklahoma State University.^[26]

Fowler is one of four golfers in the "Golf Boys" group along with fellow PGA Tour players Ben Crane, Bubba Watson and Hunter Mahan. The Golf Boys released a YouTube video of the song "Oh Oh Oh" on the eve of the 2011 U.S. Open. Farmers Insurance is donating $1,000 for every 100,000 views of the video. The charitable proceeds will support both Farmers and Ben Crane charitable initiatives.^[27]

In 2012 Fowler filmed a commercial for Crowne Plaza Hotels entitled "It's Good to be Rickie" and featured golf commentator, Ian Baker Finch.

Amateur wins[link]

• 2005 Western Junior
• 2007 Sunnehanna Amateur, Players Amateur
• 2008 Sunnehanna Amateur, Big 12 Championship

Professional wins (2)[link]

PGA Tour wins (1)[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Winning score	Margin of victory	Runner(s)-up
1	May 6, 2012	Wells Fargo Championship	–14 (66-72-67-69=274)	Playoff	Rory McIlroy, D. A. Points

PGA Tour playoff record (1–1)

No.	Year	Tournament	Opponent(s)	Result
1	2009	Frys.com Open	Troy Matteson, Jamie Lovemark	Matteson won with birdie on second extra hole
2	2012	Wells Fargo Championship	Rory McIlroy, D. A. Points	Won with birdie on first extra hole

OneAsia Tour wins (1)[link]

No.	Date	Tournament	Winning score	Margin of victory	Runner-up
1	Oct 9, 2011	Kolon Korea Open	–16 (67-70-63-68=268)	6 strokes	Rory McIlroy

Results in major championships[link]

DNP = Did not play
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Yellow background for top-10.

Results in World Golf Championships[link]

DNP = Did not play
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Yellow background for top-10.

PGA Tour career summary[link]

• official as of May 13, 2012 ^[28]

U.S. national team appearances[link]

Amateur

• Walker Cup: 2007 (winners), 2009 (winners)
• Palmer Cup: 2008
• Eisenhower Trophy: 2008 (individual winner)

Professional

• Ryder Cup: 2010

Equipment[link]

• Driver: Cobra AMP 8.5 (open position) | Mitsubishi White Board 73X
• Fairway: Adams Super XTD Hybrid 15*, Cobra Amp 15*, Ping i20 15* (he has been trying different 3 woods each week)
• Hybrids: Adams Pro Black 20*
• Irons: Cobra AMP Pro RF prototype 4-9 | Dynamic Gold Tour Issue X100
• Wedge: Titleist Vokey Spin Milled C-C 47, 51, 55, 59
• Putter: Scotty Cameron GoLo 34 inches
• Ball: Titleist Pro V1x

See also[link]

• 2009 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Profile on Oklahoma State's official site
• Rickie Fowler at the PGA Tour official site
• Rickie Fowler at the Official World Golf Ranking official site

v t e United States Ryder Cup team – 2010 Stewart Cink Â· Rickie Fowler Â· Jim Furyk Â· Dustin Johnson Â· Zach Johnson Â· Matt Kuchar Â· Hunter Mahan Â· Phil Mickelson Â· Jeff Overton Â· Steve Stricker Â· Bubba Watson Â· Tiger Woods Corey Pavin (non-playing captain) Lost: 13.5 – 14.5