Holguín
—  Municipality  —
Vikas Street in Holguin
Location of Holguín in Cuba
Coordinates: 20°53′19″N 76°15′26″W / 20.88861°N 76.25722°W / 20.88861; -76.25722Coordinates: 20°53′19″N 76°15′26″W / 20.88861°N 76.25722°W / 20.88861; -76.25722
Country	Cuba
Province	Holguín
Established	1523[1]
Area[2]
• Total	666 km2 (257 sq mi)
Elevation	150 m (490 ft)
Population (2004)[3]
• Total	326,740
• Density	490.6/km2 (1,271/sq mi)
Time zone	EST (UTC-5)
Area code(s)	+53-24

Holguín (Spanish pronunciation: [olˈɣin]) is a municipality and city, the capital of the Cuban Province of Holguín. It also includes a tourist area, offering beach resorts in the outskirts of the region.

History[link]

It was founded as San Isidoro de Holguín in 1545,^[4] and it is named after its founder Captain García Holguín, a Spanish military officer. Prior to 1976, Holguin was located in the province of Oriente.

Infrastructure[link]

San José Church

There are several small city parks such as Parque Infantil, Parque San Jose, Parque San Isidoro, Parque Marti among others, most central the Calixto García in the downtown area. Close by one finds the galleries Centro Provincial de Arte and Bayado, a library, the club Casa de la Trova, the Martí cinema, the Theatre Eddy Suñol, the Province Museum La Periquera, a science museum, and a history museum. From the hill Loma de la Cruz, where a large crucifix is installed, which can be ascended by its 450 stairs, one can oversee the whole city.

Holguín has a baseball stadium. The Frank País International Airport (city code HOG) is connected to Havana and several other world destinations.

The municipality is divided into the barrios of Aguarás, Aguas Claras, Alcalá, Arroyo Blanco del Sur, Báguanos, Cabezuelas, Cacocún, Calderón, Camazán, Cauto del Cristo, Corralillo, Cruces de Purnio, Damián, Floro Pérez, Guabasiabo, Guayabal, Guirabo, Haticos del Purial, La Aguada, La Cuaba, La Palma, La Rioja, Las Calabazas, Managuaco, Melones, Norte, Omaja, Purnio, San Agustín, San Andrés, San Francisco, San Juan, San Lorenzo, Santa Rita, Sur, Tacámara, Tasajeras, Uñas, Uñitas, Velasco, Yareyal and Yayal.^[1]

The main secondary education institution is the University of Holguín.

Economy[link]

The brewery Cerveceria Bucanero - a joint venture with Labatt of Canada - is based in the city. It makes three brands of beer (Bucanero, Cristal and Mayabe) sold in convertible pesos.

Near Holguin, the Villa El Quinque and the Villa El Cocal are world-renowned centers for addictions treatment, receiving patients from around the world. Argentine soccer star Diego Maradona was treated for his cocaine addiction there. The popular Playa Pesquero (Fishing Boat Beach) is located on the coast north of Holguín city, about an hour's drive from the International Airport.

Demographics[link]

In 2004, the municipality of Holguín had a population of 326,740.^[3] With a total area of 666 km² (257 sq mi),^[2] it has a population density of 490.6 /km² (1,271 /sq mi).

Transportation[link]

Holguín is served by Frank País Airport (HOG/MUHG), located at 20°47´08"N, 076°18´54"W.

Notable residents[link]

• Faustino Oramas, Cuban composer and musician
• Mario Kindelan, Olympic Gold Medalist amateur boxer
• Eglise Gutiérrez, opera singer
• Reinaldo Arenas, poet and novelist
• Oscar Hijuelos, Cuban-American Pulitzer Prize-winning author, whose parents were born and raised in Holguín before immigrating to the USA.^[5]
• Puntillita (Manuel Licea), Cuban popular singer

Sister cities[link]

• Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
• Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
• Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico
• West Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India

References[link]

External links[link]

Cuba portal

• (Spanish) Holguín Web portal
• English-language city guide
• Holguin beaches guide
• Holguin Cuba (English) (French)
• Cuba Holguin

v t e Provinces of Cuba Current Artemisa Camagüey Ciego de Ávila Cienfuegos Ciudad de La Habana Granma Guantánamo Holguín Isla de la Juventud Las Tunas Matanzas Mayabeque Pinar del Río Sancti Spíritus Santiago de Cuba Villa Clara Historical La Habana Santa Clara (Las Villas) Camagüey (Puerto Principe) Oriente (Santiago de Cuba) Provincial capitals Bayamo Camagüey Ciego de Ávila Cienfuegos Guantánamo Havana Holguín Victoria de Las Tunas Matanzas Pinar del Río Sancti Spíritus Santa Clara Santiago de Cuba Municipalities of Holguín Antilla Báguanos Banes Cacocum Calixto Garcia Cueto Frank País Gibara Holguín Mayarí Moa Rafael Freyre Sagua de Tánamo Urbano Noris

María Ángela Holguín Cuéllar
Colombian Minister of Foreign Affairs
Incumbent
Assumed office 7 August 2010
President	Juan Manuel Santos Calderón
Preceded by	Jaime Bermúdez Merizalde
25th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations
In office 16 September 2004 – 11 September 2006
President	Álvaro Uribe Vélez
Preceded by	Alfonso Valdivieso Sarmiento
Succeeded by	Claudia Blum Capurro
Colombia Ambassador to Venezuela
In office 16 September 2002 – 20 August 2004
President	Álvaro Uribe Vélez
Preceded by	Germán Bula Escobar
Succeeded by	Enrique Vargas Ramírez
Personal details
Born	(1963-11-13) 13 November 1963 (age 48)
Nationality	Colombian
Spouse(s)	Santiago Jiménez Mejía (1983-1990)
Domestic partner	Carlos Espinosa Pérez
Children	Antonio Espinosa Holguín
Alma mater	University of the Andes
Religion	Roman Catholic
Signature

María Ángela Holguín Cuéllar (born 13 November 1963) is a Colombian political scientist and career diplomat currently serving as Minister of Foreign Affairs of Colombia. She also served as the 25th Permanent Representative of Colombia to the United Nations and Colombia Ambassador to Venezuela during President Álvaro Uribe Vélez's first term.

Background[link]

María Ángela Holguín Cuéllar was born on November 13, 1963 to Julio Holguín Umaña and Lucila Cuéllar Calderón.^[1] The Holguíns come from an old well established political family in the history of Colombia, most notably they are descendants of Carlos and Jorge Holguín, Presidents of Colombia from 1888–1892 and 1921-1922 respectively, and are related to a number of other Presidents and key political figures throughout the history of Colombia to present time. She married Santiago Jiménez Mejía on August 27, 1983 but later divorced having no children. She later met Carlos Espinosa Pérez with whom she had a son, Antonio, on January 23, 1991

She studied at the Gimnasio Femenino school in Bogota, French at the Université Paris X, and graduated from the University of the Andes in 1988 with a Bachelor's degree in Political Science where she also completed a specialization in Public Management and Administrative Institutions in 1992.

Diplomatic career[link]

In 2010, while serving as Colombia Representative to the Andean Development Corporation in Buenos Aires, the newly president-elect Juan Manuel Santos Calderón nominated Holguín to head the Colombian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Her nomination to the Chancellery was hailed as a wise political move given the diplomatic problems in the region following the 2008 Andean diplomatic crisis; Holguín's Ambassadorship in Venezuela was overall seen as the tacit endorsement that enabled her to tackle the diplomatic détente between the sister nations, while her work with the Andean Development Corporation signalled Santos' desire to strengthen ties with the rest of the continent.

Before having officially taken office, Holguín accompanied president-elect Santos on his first overseas trip after being elected, taking the diplomatic role head on during their meetings with the British Prime Minister David Cameron, and the German Chancellor Angela Merkel.^[2] Holguín as Chancellor-designate also headed talks with the Venezuelan Chancellor Nicolás Maduro that spearheaded the renewal of diplomatic ties with the neighbouring nation that were later formalized in a meeting held in Santa Marta between the two Presidents.^[3] Holguín then travelled to Ecuador to meet with the Ecuadorian Foreign Minister Ricardo Patiño to convince Quito to renew diplomatic ties and to personally invite President Rafael Correa to attend the inauguration,^[4] a feat she managed having in mind that Ecuador had an arrest warrant for Santos for his action as Minister of National Defence of Colombia.

On August 7, 2010 after Santos was officially sworn in as President of Colombia, Holguín followed suit and was officially sworn in as Minister of Foreign Affairs.

On June 3, 2011, Holguín declared, following a working meeting in Washington, that Colombia will continue to be the most "pro-United States" country in Latin America, despite pending issues such as the Free-Trade Agreement (FTA).^[5]

References[link]

1. ^ Restrepo Sáenz, José María; Rivas, Raimundo; Restrepo Posada, José (1995) (in Spanish). Genealogías de Santa Fe de Bogotá [Genealogies of Santa Fe de Bogotá] (Genealogy book). IV. Bogotá: Grupo de investigaciones Genealógicas José Maria Restrepo Sáenz. pp. 199–200. OCLC 28546996. 
2. ^ "María Ángela Holguín, La Canciller" (in Spanish). El Tiempo. 2010-07-25. http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-4026449. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
3. ^ Fraval, Germán Duque (2010-07-15). "Autorizó A Su Canciller Para Reunirse Con María Ángela Holguín Chávez ‘Evalúa’ Si Viene A Posesión [Authorized his Chancellor to meet with María Ángela Holguín, Chávez "evaluates" if he will come to inauguration]" (in Spanish). El Tiempo. http://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-4054841. Retrieved 2010-08-11. ^{[dead link]}
4. ^ Mena Erazo, Paúl (2010-07-22). "Correa acudirá a toma de posesión de Santos [Correa will attend inauguration of Santos]" (in Spanish). BBC Mundo. http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/america_latina/2010/07/100721_ecuador_colombia_toma_posesion_santos_correa_fp.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-11. 
5. ^ Colombia Will Continue To Be U.S.’s Best Ally In The Region, Foreign Minister Says

External links[link]

• Profile of the Minister of Foreign Affairs

v t e Cabinet of President Juan Manuel Santos Calderón (since 2010) Minister of the Interior and Justice Germán Vargas Lleras (2010–2011) Minister of the Interior Germán Vargas Lleras (2011–2012) • Federico Renjifo Vélez (2012-present) Minister of Justice and Law Juan Carlos Esguerra Portocarrero (2011-present) Minister of Foreign Affairs María Ángela Holguín Cuéllar (2010–present) Minister of Finance and Public Credit Juan Carlos Echeverry Garzón (2010–present) Minister of National Defence Rodrigo Rivera Salazar (2010– 2011) • Juan Carlos Pinzón Bueno (2011 – present) Minister of Agriculture and Rural Development Juan Camilo Restrepo Salazar (2010–present) Minister of Social Protection Mauricio Santa María Salamanca (2010–2011) Minister of Labour Rafael Pardo Rueda (2011-present) Minister of Health and Social Protection Mauricio Santa María Salamanca (2011-2012) • Beatriz Londoño Soto (2012-present) Minister of Mines and Energy Carlos Rodado Noriega (2010–present) • Mauricio Cárdenas Santa María (2011-present) Minister of Commerce, Industry and Tourism Sergio Díaz-Granados Guida (2010–present) Minister of National Education María Fernanda Campo Saavedra (2010–present) Minister of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development Beatriz Elena Uribe Botero (2010–2011) Minister of Housing, City and Territory Beatriz Elena Uribe Botero (2011–present) • Germán Vargas Lleras (2012-present) Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development Frank Pearl González (2011–present) Minister of Information Technologies and Communications Diego Molano Vega (2010–present) Minister of Transport Germán Cardona Gutiérrez (2010–2012) • Miguel Esteban Peñaloza Barrientos (2012-present) Minister of Culture Mariana Garcés Córdoba (2010–present)

Carlos Holguín Mallarino
Oil painting by Ricardo Moros Urbina.
4th President of Colombia
In office 7 August 1888 – 7 August 1892
Preceded by	Rafael Núñez
Succeeded by	Miguel Antonio Caro
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 4 June 1887 – 7 August 1888
President	Rafael Núñez
Preceded by	Felipe Angulo
Succeeded by	Antonio Roldán
In office 1877–1877
President	Aquileo Parra
Preceded by	Carlos Nicolás Rodríguez
Succeeded by	Eustorgio Salgar
Magistrate to the Supreme Court
In office 1859–1880
Personal details
Born	(1832-06-11)11 June 1832 Nóvita, Chocó, Republic of New Granada
Died	19 October 1894(1894-10-19) (aged 62) Bogotá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
Nationality	Colombian
Political party	Conservative
Spouse(s)	Margarita Caro Tovar
Relations	Manuel María Mallarino (uncle) Jorge Holguín (brother) Miguel Antonio Caro (brother-in-law)
Alma mater	Colegio San Bartolomé
Occupation	Lawyer, journalist, soldier
Profession	Lawyer
Religion	Roman Catholic
Military service
Allegiance	Colombia (Conservative party)
Service/branch	Army
Rank	Colonel
Battles/wars	Colombian Civil War (1860–1862) Colombian Civil War of 1876

Carlos Holguín Mallarino (11 June 1832 - 19 October 1894) was a Colombian lawyer, journalist and statesman who became President of Colombia between 1888 and 1892, acting in the absence of President Rafael Núñez.^[1]

Biographic data[link]

Carlos Holguín Mallarino was born on 11 July 1832, in the town of Nóvita, Chocó, when this region was still part of the department (state) of Cauca. He died in Bogotá on 19 October 1894, while serving in Congress as Senator.^[1] Carlos Holguín Mallarino was part of the prominent Holguín, Mallarino and Caro Families. Both, his uncle Manuel María Mallarino and his brother Jorge Holguín, were Presidents of Colombia, as was his brother-in-law Miguel Antonio Caro who succeeded him in office".^[1][2]

Early life[link]

Holguín completed his first years of education in the city of Cali, Valle. He then traveled to Bogotá, where he studied jurisprudence and obtained a degree in Law at the Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, before his 20th birthday. His adoptive grandfather, an Englishman called Paterson Saunders, had taught him Latin, Greek, English, French and Italian. Holguín later became a great orator, debater and writer. He was also a renowned journalist and professor of literature and History.^[1]

Military career[link]

Holguín enlisted in the army and participated in several military actions, mainly in the uprising against President José María Melo, in the war against Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera, and the conservative revolt against Aquileo Parra in 1875.^[1]

Political career[link]

After Holguín graduated, he entered the civil service and held a few bureaucratic jobs with the central government. At age 23 he is elected State Senator representing the district of Buenaventura and thereafter as President of the Cauca State Senate. Later he was elected several times to National Congress, representing the States of Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Tolima and Bolívar. Holguín was appointed also to several ministerial positions such as Minister of Foreign Relations, Interior and War.^[1]

In 1881, while in Rome, Holguín is commissioned by President Rafael Núñez to establish diplomatic relations with the Kingdom of Spain. By that time, Colombia was the only Latin American nation that did not have diplomatic relations with Spain. Thus, Holguín was appointed as Special Envoy and plenipotentiary Ambassador of Colombia to the Kingdom of Spain. As head of the diplomatic mission, he arrives in Madrid on 9 January 1881, where he was greeted by the King of Spain, Alfonso XII. For the first time, full diplomatic relations were established between the two nations^[3]

Upon his return to Colombia, on November 1887, Holguín is appointed Minister of Foreign Relations by President Eliseo Payán. Later, President Rafael Núñez appointed him Minister of War.^[4]

The Presidency[link]

Carlos Holguín became President of Colombia upon his election by Congress as Presidential Designate, the first time in 1888, and the second time in 1890. Thus, he ruled as President between 1888 and 1892, to complete the six years presidential term of President Rafael Núñez.^[1]

During his presidency, Holguín devoted time, energy and resources to the betterment of the nation’s infrastructure, such as the improvement, restoration and development of main highways, railways, shipyards, sea ports, the waterways of the Atrato, Cauca, Magdalena and Nechí rivers, and the electric and telephone grids. He also created and established the “Policia Nacional” (national police).^[4]

Holguín was very much disliked and heavily criticized by the opposition party, the liberals, and Congress made it very difficult for him to govern. In his last address to Congress, before he handed over the presidency to Miguel Antonio Caro, he said: “In the four years that I have governed, not a single shot has been fired, not a single drop of blood has been spilled and not a single tear has been shed. I leave the country in peace and I did not incur in further debt”.^[5]

References[link]

External links[link]

• "Relación cronológica de Ministros" (in Spanish). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2006-08-07. http://www.cancilleria.gov.co/wps/portal/!ut/p/.cmd/cs/.ce/7_0_A/.s/7_0_1RO/_th/J_0_S6/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1R1/_s.7_0_A/7_0_1RO. Retrieved 2008-12-13. 
• Holguín Holguín, Carlos; Tomás Holguín Mora, Paula Torres Holguín. "Camargo como Presidente de la República" (in Spanish). Escritos, 1912-1998 (1st ed.). Bogotá: Centro Editorial Universidad del Rosario. pp. 292–293. ISBN 958-8225-48-5. OCLC 68811847. http://books.google.com/books?id=YCkTSw4dVvAC&pg=PA290&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=0_0. Retrieved 2008-12-13. 

v t e Heads of state of Colombia United Provinces of New Granada (1810–1816) José Miguel Pey de Andrade Jorge Tadeo Lozano Antonio Nariño Manuel Benito de Castro Antonio Nariño Manuel de Bernardo Álvarez del Casal Camilo Torres Tenorio José María del Castillo y Rada Joaquín Camacho José Fernández Madrid Custodio García Rovira Antonio Villavicencio Manuel Rodríguez Torices José Miguel Pey de Andrade Camilo Torres Tenorio José Fernández Madrid Custodio García Rovira Liborio Mejía Fernando Serrano Gran Colombia (1819–1831) Simón Bolívar Domingo Caycedo Joaquín de Mosquera Rafael Urdaneta Domingo Caycedo Republic of New Granada (1831–1858) Domingo Caycedo José María Obando José Ignacio de Márquez Francisco de Paula Santander José Ignacio de Márquez Domingo Caycedo Pedro Alcántara Herrán Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera José Hilario López José de Obaldía José Hilario López José María Obando José María Melo Tomás de Herrera José de Obaldía Manuel Maria Mallarino Mariano Ospina Rodríguez Grenadine Confederation (1858–1863) Mariano Ospina Rodriguez Bartolomé Calvo Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera United States of Colombia (1863–1886) Francisco Javier Zaldúa Eustorgio Salgar Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera Manuel Murillo Toro José María Rojas Garrido Tomás Cipriano de Mosquera Joaquín Riascos Santos Acosta Santos Gutiérrez Eustorgio Salgar Manuel Murillo Toro Santiago Pérez Aquileo Parra Julián Trujillo Largacha Rafael Núñez Francisco Javier Zaldúa Clímaco Calderón José Eusebio Otalora Ezequiel Hurtado Rafael Núñez Republic of Colombia (1886–2012) José María Campo Serrano Eliseo Payán Rafael Núñez Carlos Holguín Mallarino Miguel Antonio Caro Rafael Núñez Miguel Antonio Caro Manuel Antonio Sanclemente José Manuel Marroquín Rafael Reyes Jorge Holguín Ramón González Valencia Carlos Eugenio Restrepo José Vicente Concha Marco Fidel Suárez Jorge Holguín Pedro Nel Ospina Miguel Abadía Méndez Enrique Olaya Herrera Alfonso López Pumarejo Eduardo Santos Alfonso López Pumarejo Alberto Lleras Camargo Mariano Ospina Pérez Laureano Gómez Roberto Urdaneta Arbeláez Gustavo Rojas Pinilla Gabriel París Gordillo Alberto Lleras Camargo Guillermo León Valencia Carlos Lleras Restrepo Misael Pastrana Borrero Alfonso López Michelsen Julio César Turbay Ayala Belisario Betancur Virgilio Barco Vargas César Gaviria Ernesto Samper Andrés Pastrana Arango Álvaro Uribe Juan Manuel Santos

Los Cinco is also the name of the founders of the Mexican American Youth Organization.

Los Cinco (in English: "The Five") is an unofficial collective of Latin American composers living and working in Los Angeles. These composers include: Daniel Catán, Miguel del Águila, Aurelio de la Vega, Enrique González-Medina, and Carlos Rodríquez.

Meant to draw a comparison between this collective and a group of avant-garde Parisian composers active in the 1920s known as "Les Six", the term "Los Cinco" was originally coined by Sean Bradley, an American conductor. Bradley first presented these composers as a collective in public performance, and the label Los Cinco first appeared in print in a Los Angeles Times review dated August 3, 2004.

The music by these composers shares "...certain common features, including a vibrancy of ideas, no fear of sensuality or humor, and an infectious passion." (Josef Woodward, Los Angeles Times)

External links[link]

• L.A. Times article where the term "Los Cinco" first appears in print
• More on the web about Sean Bradley
• More on the web about Daniel Catán
• More on the web about Miguel del Águila
• More on the web about Aurelio de la Vega
• More on the web about Enrique González-Medina
• More on the web about Carlos Rodriguez