• Adam Rudolph
  Adam Rudolph (born September 12, 1955) is a jazz composer and percussionist performing in the post bop and world fusion media, probably most notable to date for his work with Yusef Lateef. Rudolph has released several albums as leader and has also recorded with such musicians as Sam Rivers, Omar Sosa, Wadada Leo Smith, Pharoah Sanders, Bill Laswell, Herbie Hancock, Foday Musa Suso and Shadowfax.
  http://wn.com/Adam_Rudolph
• 
  African American
  African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa. In the United States, the terms are generally used for Americans with at least partial Sub-Saharan African ancestry.
  http://wn.com/African_American
• Bill Laswell
  Bill Laswell (born February 12, 1955 in Salem, Illinois and raised in Albion, Michigan) is an American bassist, producer and record label owner. He is married to Ethiopian singer Gigi.
  http://wn.com/Bill_Laswell
• Brian Jones
  Lewis Brian Hopkin Jones (28 February 1942 – 3 July 1969), known as Brian Jones, was an English musician and founding member of The Rolling Stones. Jones was a multi-instrumentalist whose use of traditional or folk instruments, such as the sitar and marimba, not commonly used in rock and roll were integral to the changing sound of the band.
  http://wn.com/Brian_Jones
• Haratin
  Haratin (also transliterated Haratins, Harratins or Haratine, etc, singular Hartani) is a name for black oasis-dwellers in north western Africa. It is an exonym (a name not used by that people themselves) with negative connotations. The word has an unknown origin and is applied mainly in Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco, Senegal and Mali to largely sedentary oasis-dwelling black populations speaking either Berber or Arabic. Certain local traditions, ambiguously supported by scholarship, hold that some populations called Haratine are indigenous black populations that became Berberised. The name itself is of obscure origin and has been variously traced to Arabic roots meaning cultivator and Berber roots meaning "dark skinned". It may be the arabized version of ahardan, a Berber word meaning "dark color".
  http://wn.com/Haratin
• 
  Jimmy Page
  James Patrick Page, OBE (born 9 January 1944) is an English guitarist, songwriter, and record producer. He began his career as a studio session guitarist in London and was subsequently a member of The Yardbirds from 1966 to 1968, after which he founded the English rock band Led Zeppelin.
  http://wn.com/Jimmy_Page
• Randy Weston
  Randy Weston (born April 6, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York), is an American jazz pianist and composer, of Jamaican parentage.
  http://wn.com/Randy_Weston
• 
  Robert Plant
  Robert Anthony Plant, CBE (born 20 August 1948), is an English rock singer and songwriter, best known as the lead vocalist and lyricist of the rock band Led Zeppelin. He has also had a successful solo career. In 2007, Plant released Raising Sand, an album produced by T-Bone Burnett with American bluegrass soprano Alison Krauss, which won the 2009 Grammy Award for Album of the Year.
  http://wn.com/Robert_Plant
• Tucker Martine
  Tucker Martine (b. January 14, 1972) is an American, Grammy nominated record producer, musician and composer who has worked with artists such as My Morning Jacket, Mudhoney, Bill Frisell, The Decemberists, Sufjan Stevens, Laura Veirs, Spoon, and Tift Merritt.
  http://wn.com/Tucker_Martine

• 
  Algeria
  Algeria (Arabic: , al-Jazā’ir, Berber: Dzayer, French: Algérie), officially the '''People's Democratic Republic of Algeria (also formally referred to as the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria'''), is a country in North Africa. In terms of land area, it is the largest country on the Mediterranean Sea, the second largest on the African continent after Sudan, and the eleventh-largest country in the world.
  http://wn.com/Algeria
• 
  Brazil
  Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
  http://wn.com/Brazil
• Burkino Faso
  http://wn.com/Burkino_Faso
• 
  Egypt
  Egypt (; , Miṣr, ; Egyptian Arabic: مصر, Maṣr, ; Coptic: , ; Greek: Αίγυπτος, Aiguptos; Egyptian:
  http://wn.com/Egypt
• 
  Eritrea
  Eritrea ( or ; Ge'ez: , Arabic: إرتريا Iritrīyā), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the North East of Africa. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast. The east and northeast of the country have an extensive coastline on the Red Sea, directly across from Saudi Arabia and Yemen. The Dahlak Archipelago and several of the Hanish Islands are part of Eritrea. Its size is just under with an estimated population of 5 million.
  http://wn.com/Eritrea
• 
  Essaouira
  Mogador redirects here, for the hamlet in Surrey see Mogador, Surrey.
  http://wn.com/Essaouira
• 
  Ethiopia
  {{Infobox country
  http://wn.com/Ethiopia
• Gambia
  http://wn.com/Gambia
• 
  Libya
  Libya ( ; Libyan vernacular: Lībya ; Amazigh: ), officially the '''Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya (  , also translated as Socialist People's Libyan Arab Great Jamahiriya'''), is a country located in North Africa. Bordering the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Libya lies between Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west.
  http://wn.com/Libya
• 
  Mali
  Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (), is a landlocked country in Western Africa. Mali borders Algeria on the north, Niger on the east, Burkina Faso and the Côte d'Ivoire on the south, Guinea on the south-west, and Senegal and Mauritania on the west. Its size is just over 1,240,000 km² with a population more than 14 million. Its capital is Bamako.
  http://wn.com/Mali
• Marrakesh
  http://wn.com/Marrakesh
• 
  Mauritania
  Mauritania ( Mūrītāniyā; ; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; ), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in North Africa. It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean in the west, by Western Sahara in the north, by Algeria in the northeast, by Mali in the east and southeast, and by Senegal in the southwest. It is named after the Roman province of Mauretania, even though the modern state covers a territory far to the southwest of the old province. The capital and largest city is Nouakchott, located on the Atlantic coast.
  http://wn.com/Mauritania
• 
  Morocco
  Morocco (, al-Maġrib; Berber: Amerruk / Murakuc; French: Maroc), officially the Kingdom of Morocco (المملكة المغربية, al-Mamlakah al-Maġribiyya), is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of nearly 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², including the disputed Western Sahara which is mainly under Moroccan administration. Morocco has a coast on the Atlantic Ocean that reaches past the Strait of Gibraltar into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by Spain to the north (a water border through the Strait and land borders with three small Spanish-controlled exclaves, Ceuta, Melilla, and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera), Algeria to the east, and Mauritania to the south.
  http://wn.com/Morocco
• 
  Niger
  Niger ( or ; ), officially named the Republic of Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa, named after the Niger River. It borders Nigeria and Benin to the south, Burkina Faso and Mali to the west, Algeria and Libya to the north and Chad to the east. Niger covers a land area of almost 1,270,000 km2, over 80 percent of which is covered by the Sahara desert. The country's predominantly Islamic population of just above 15,000,000 is mostly clustered in the far south and west of the nation. The capital city is Niamey.
  http://wn.com/Niger
• 
  Nigeria
  Nigeria (), officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising thirty-six states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. The three largest and most influential ethnic groups in Nigeria are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. In terms of religion Nigeria is roughly split half and half between Muslims and Christians with a very small minority who practice traditional religion.
  http://wn.com/Nigeria
• 
  Ouagadougou
  Ouagadougou (, Mossi: ) is the capital of Burkina Faso and the administrative, communications, cultural and economic center of the nation. It is also the country's largest city, with a population of 1,475,223 (as of 2006). The city's name is often shortened to Ouaga. The inhabitants are called ouagalais. The spelling of the name Ouagadougou is derived from the French orthography common in former French African colonies. If English orthography were used (as in Ghana or Nigeria), the spelling would be Wagadugu.
  http://wn.com/Ouagadougou
• 
  Senegal
  Senegal (), officially the Republic of Senegal (République du Sénégal, ), is a country south of the Sénégal River in western Africa. It owes its name to the river that borders it to the East and North and that originates from the Fouta Djallon in Guinea. Senegal is externally bounded by the Atlantic Ocean to the west, Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, and Guinea and Guinea-Bissau to the south; internally it almost completely surrounds The Gambia, namely on the north, east and south, exempting Gambia's short Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal covers a land area of almost 197,000 km², and has an estimated population of about 14 million.The climate is tropical with two seasons: the dry season and the rainy season.
  http://wn.com/Senegal
• 
  Somalia
  Somalia ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Somalia (, ) and formerly known as the Somali Democratic Republic under communist rule, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Djibouti to the northwest, Kenya to the southwest, the Gulf of Aden with Yemen to the north, the Indian Ocean to the east, and Ethiopia to the west. With the longest coastline on the continent, its terrain consists mainly of plateaus, plains and highlands.
  http://wn.com/Somalia
• 
  South Africa
  The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
  http://wn.com/South_Africa
• 
  Sudan
  Sudan (), officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in northeastern Africa. It is the largest country in Africa and the Arab world, and tenth largest in the world by area. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east,Kenya and Uganda to the southeast, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. The world's longest river, the Nile, divides the country between east and west sides.
  http://wn.com/Sudan
• Taghaza
  Taghaza (also Teghaza) is an abandoned salt-mining centre located in a salt pan in the desert region of northern Mali. It was an important source of rock salt for West Africa up to the end of the 17th century when it was abandoned and replaced by Taoudenni. Salt from the mines formed an important part of the long distance trans-Saharan trade. Taghaza is located south of Sijilmasa (in Morocco), NNW of Timbuktu (in Mali) and NNE of Oualata (in Mauritania).
  http://wn.com/Taghaza
• 
  Timbuktu
  Timbuktu (Timbuctoo) (Koyra Chiini: Tumbutu; ) is a city in Tombouctou Region, in the West African nation of Mali. It was made prosperous by the tenth mansa of the Mali Empire, Mansa Musa. It is home to Sankore University and other madrasas, and was an intellectual and spiritual capital and centre for the propagation of Islam throughout Africa in the 15th and 16th centuries. Its three great mosques, Djingareyber, Sankore and Sidi Yahya, recall Timbuktu's golden age. Although continuously restored, these monuments are today under threat from desertification.
  http://wn.com/Timbuktu
• 
  Tunis
  Tunis (, Tūnis) is the capital of Tunisia and also the Tunis Governorate, with a population of 1,200,000 in 2008 and over 3,980,500 in the greater Tunis area. It is Tunisia's largest city.
  http://wn.com/Tunis
• 
  Tunisia
  Tunisia (pronounced , ; Tūnis), officially the Tunisian Republic ( al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya), is the northernmost country in Africa. It is an Arab country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area is almost 165,000 km², with an estimated population of just over 10.3 million. Its name is derived from the capital Tunis located in the north-east.
  http://wn.com/Tunisia
• 
  United States
  The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
  http://wn.com/United_States
• 
  Western Sahara
  Western Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الغربية, Berber: Taneẓṛuft Tutrimt, ) is a disputed territory in North Africa, bordered by Morocco to the north, Algeria to the northeast, Mauritania to the east and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Its surface area amounts to . It is one of the most sparsely populated territories in the world, mainly consisting of desert flatlands. The population of the territory is estimated at just over 500,000, over half of whom live in El Aaiun, the largest city in Western Sahara.
  http://wn.com/Western_Sahara

• Africa
• African American
• African Vodou
• Akan language
• Algeria
• Ancient Ghana
• animism
• Assante Kingdom
• Assantehene
• Atlas Mountains
• Bambara language
• Berber languages
• Bilali
• Bill Laswell
• blues
• Bori
• Brazil
• Brian Jones
• Burkino Faso
• call-and-response
• Candomble
• Central Africa
• ceremonies
• Chree
• cultural
• cymbal
• Darija
• Djayr
• Egypt
• Eritrea
• Essaouira
• Ethiopia
• Ga language
• Gambia
• Gnawa music
• Haratin
• Hassan Hakmoun
• Hhaha
• Hypnotism
• Islam
• Jimmy Page
• Kingdom of Kush
• krakebs
• Libu
• Libya
• Maghreb
• Mali
• Marrakesh
• Mauritania
• Morocco
• Moulay
• Moulay Brahim
• music
• Niger
• Nigeria
• Nubia
• Ouagadougou
• pejorative
• psychic
• Randy Weston
• rite
• ritual
• Robert Plant
• Sahel
• Sambani
• scorpion
• Senegal
• sintir
• slavery
• Somalia
• Songhai Empire
• Soussi
• South Africa
• Spiritual possession
• Stambouli
• Sudan
• Sufi
• Sufism
• Taghaza
• Tamahaq
• Tamasheq
• Tamazgha
• Tamazight
• tariqa
• Timbuktu
• Trans-Saharan trade
• Tribal Caravans
• Tucker Martine
• Tunis
• Tunisia
• United States
• West Africa
• Western culture
• Western Sahara
• Wolof language

Gnawa Filmography

• Sound of the Soul (2005)