official name | Abadan |
---|---|
pushpin map | Iran |
Coordinates type | type:city(217988)_region:IR |
Coordinates display | inline,title |
population as of | 2006 |
population total | 217988 |
timezone | IRST |
utc offset | +3:30 }} |
In the Islamic times, a pseudo-etymology was produced by the historian Ahmad ibn Yahya al-Baladhuri (d.892) quoting a folk story that the town was presumably founded by one "Abbad bin Hosayn from the Arabian Tribe of Banu Tamim, who established a garrison there during the governorship of Hajjaj in the Ummayad period.
In the subsequent centuries, the Persian version of the name had begun to come into general use before it was adopted by official decree in 1935.
It was not until the 20th century that rich oil fields were discovered in the area. In 1910, the population had been around 400. The Anglo-Persian Oil Company built their first pipeline terminus oil refinery in Abadan, starting in 1909 and completing it in 1913 (see Abadan Refinery). By 1938, it was the largest in the world. To this day it remains a vast facility for refining petroleum. The facilities necessitated an equally vast population: more than 220,000 people in 1956.
Only 9% of managers (of the oil company) were from Khuzestan. The proportion of natives of Tehran, the Caspian, Azarbaijan and Kurdistan rose from 4% of blue collar workers to 22% of white collar workers to 45% of managers. Thus while Arabic speakers were concentrated on the lower rungs of the work force, managers tended to be brought in from some distance.
During World War II, Abadan was a major logistics center for Lend-Lease aircraft being sent to the Soviet Union by the United States.
On August 19, 1978—the anniversary of the US backed pro-Shah coup d'état which overthrew the nationalists and popular Iranian prime minister, Dr. Mohammed Mossadegh—the Cinema Rex, a movie theatre in Abadan, Iran, was set ablaze by four Islamic Revolution sympathizers in an attempt to help the cause of Iran's Islamic Revolution. The local Abadan police had taken notice, and became suspicious of Hossein Takbali-zadeh and his accomplices, and had started following the arsonists as they were entering Cinema Rex. The police decided to continue their surveillance and track the group after they left the movie theater. This incident ended up led to the Cinema Rex Fire, where over 350 people perished. At the trial, Hossein Takbali-zadeh stated that his three accomplices by the three names Faraj, Falah, and Yadollah had all burned in the fire. The reformist Sobhe Emrooz newspaper in one of its editorials revealed that the Cinema Rex was burned down by the radical Islamists. The newspaper was shut down immediately after.
In September 1980, Abadan was almost overrun during a surprise attack on Khuzestan by Iraq, marking the beginning of the Iran–Iraq War. For 18 months Abadan was besieged, but never captured, by Iraqi forces. Much of the city, including the oil refinery which was the world's largest refinery with capacity of 680,000 barrels per day, was badly damaged or destroyed by the siege and by bombing. Previous to the war, the city's civilian population was about 300,000, but before it was over, most of the populace had sought refuge elsewhere in Iran.
After the war, the biggest concern was the rebuilding of Abadan's oil refinery. In 1993, the refinery began limited operation & and the port reopened. By 1997, the refinery reached the same rate of production it was at before the war. Recently, Abandan has been the site of major labor activity as workers at the oil refineries in the city have staged walkouts and strikes to protest non-payment of wages and the political situation in the country.
There is an international airport in Abadan. It is represented by the IATA airport code ABD.
Category:Cities in Iran Category:Populated places in Khuzestan Province Category:Shatt al-Arab basin
ar:عبادان roa-rup:Abadan be:Горад Абадан bg:Абадан ca:Abadan cv:Абадан cs:Ábádán co:Abadan (Iranu) da:Abadan de:Abadan et:Ābādān es:Abadán eo:Abadano fa:آبادان fr:Abadan gl:Abadán - آبادان ko:아바단 hy:Աբադան hr:Abadan id:Abadan it:Abadan he:אבאדאן ka:აბადანი kk:Абадан lv:Abadāna lt:Abadanas hu:Ábádán arz:ابادان nl:Abadan ja:アーバーダーン no:Abadan nn:Abadan pa:ਆਬਾਦਾਨ pnb:آبادان pl:Abadan pt:Abadan ro:Abadan, Iran ru:Абадан sq:Abadan simple:Abadan, Iran sk:Ábádán sl:Abadan sr:Абадан fi:Abadan sv:Abadan tl:Abadan, Iran tg:Ободон tr:Abadan uk:Абадан ur:آبادان vi:Abadan, Iran war:Abadan, Iran zh:阿巴丹This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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