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S&M (an abbreviation of Symphony and Metallica) is a live album by the American heavy metal band Metallica, with the San Francisco Symphony conducted by Michael Kamen. It was recorded on April 21–22, 1999 at The Berkeley Community Theatre. This is the final Metallica album to feature Jason Newsted as bassist.

Album information[link]

S&M contains performances of Metallica songs with additional symphonic accompaniment, which was composed by Michael Kamen, who also conducted the orchestra during the concert. The idea to combine heavy metal with an epic classical approach, as James Hetfield has stated repeatedly,^[3][4] was an idea of Cliff Burton. Burton’s love of classical music, especially of Johann Sebastian Bach, can be traced back to many instrumental parts and melodic characteristics in Metallica’s songwriting including songs from Ride The Lightning and Master of Puppets.^[5] The other inspiration was Deep Purple's 1969 Concerto for Group and Orchestra. Purple revived their hybrid musical performance in 1999's Live at the Royal Albert Hall after being notified that Metallica were doing theirs earlier that year.

In addition to songs from previous albums spanning Ride the Lightning through ReLoad, there are two new compositions: "No Leaf Clover" and "−Human". "The Ecstasy of Gold" by Ennio Morricone, Metallica's entrance music, was played live by the orchestra. "No Leaf Clover" has since been performed by Metallica in concert, using a recording of the orchestral prelude. "−Human", credited as "Minus Human", was included in the soundtrack of the Electronic Arts game NHL 99, but has never subsequently been performed.

Several other songs, including "Wasting My Hate", "The Unforgiven", "Low Man's Lyric", "Fade to Black", The Unforgiven II, "Through The Never", "Harvester of Sorrow", and unexpectedly "...And Justice For All" was a thought for the setlist but due to the gap since they last played it and with little time to prepare it was chopped, also "Ronnie" and even "Mama Said" were considered for selection, but were eventually dropped as it was decided by both Metallica and Kamen that they were not well suited for symphonic accompaniment. On the S&M DVD documentary, Metallica and Kamen can be seen and heard discussing the orchestration for the Anti-Nowhere League and Metallica favourite cover-song "So What?", though it's obvious both parties were enjoying a good joke and had no intentions of performing the song.

Changes were made to the lyrics of some songs, most notably the removal of the second verse and chorus of "The Thing That Should Not Be" and playing the third verse in its place.

The "S" in the stylized "S&M" on the album cover is a backwards treble clef, while the "M" is taken from Metallica's logo.

The drum kit Ulrich used on the album currently resides in a Guitar Center in San Francisco.

Reception[link]

Critical reception[link]

Professional ratings
Review scores
Source	Rating
Q
Spin
Entertainment Weekly	A
Allmusic	[6]
Rolling Stone	[7]

• Rolling Stone (January 20, 2000, pp. 57–59) - 5 stars out of 5 - "...creates the most crowded, ceiling-rattling basement rec room in rock....[in its] sheer awesomeness...the performance succeeds....the monster numbers benefit from supersizing. The effect is...one of timelessness."

• Spin (February 2000, pp. 114–5) - 8 out of 10 - "...makes their tempo and texture dynamics...into a topic in and off of itself, a deep evocation of bad-voodoo creeping willies culminating in 'One' and 'Enter Sandman'....Freed from ritualized superhuman extremism, it builds a soundtrack to everyday life."

• Entertainment Weekly (December 3, 1999, p. 102) - "Buttressed by grim strings, creaky horns, and thundering timpani, staples...creep with fearful new dimension, like an old Posada print come to life." - Rating: A

• Q (February 2000, p. 86) - 5 stars out of 5 - "...another just about forgivable flirtation with Spinal Tap-esque lunacy....a fine hit-heavy live LP with bolted-on bombast from the S.F. Symphony....Michael Kamen's scores swoop and soar with impressive portent throughout."

• CMJ (December 20, 1999, p. 24) - "...stunning....orchestral renditions of hits from the bands '90s output."

Commercial performance[link]

S&M sold 300,000 units in the first week of release^[8] and has sold 2.5 Million copies and has been certified 5× platinum as of 2003.^{[citation needed]}

Track listing[link]

Video release[link]

Metallica also filmed and released the concert in DVD and VHS with direction by Wayne Isham. The VHS set has only the concert video, while the double DVD set has 5.1 sound (also: 2.0 band+orchestra, 2.0 band-only and 2.0 orchestra-only), 41 minute documentary about the concert, and two "No Leaf Clover" music videos: "Slice & Dice" version and the "Maestro Edit". The DVD also contains four songs with multi-angles where each band member can be viewed individually: "Of Wolf and Man", "Fuel", "Sad But True", and "Enter Sandman".

Personnel[link]

Metallica[link]

• James Hetfield – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, lead guitar on "Nothing Else Matters", outro solo on "The Outlaw Torn"
• Kirk Hammett – lead guitar, electric sitar on "Wherever I May Roam"
• Jason Newsted – bass, backing vocals
• Lars Ulrich – drums

San Francisco Symphony[link]

• Michael Kamen – conductor
• John Kieser - general manager
• Eric Achen, Joshua Garrett, Douglas Hull, Jonathan Ring, Bruce Roberts, Robert Ward, James Smelser – French horns
• David Teie principal, Richard Andaya, Barara Bogatin, Jill Rachuy Brindel, David Goldblatt – celli
• Jeremy Constant concertmaster, Daniel Banner, Enrique Bocedi, Paul Brancato, Catherine Down, Bruce Freifeld, Connie Gantsweg, Michael Gerling, Frances Jeffrey, Robert Zelnick, Yukiko Kamei, Naomi Kazama, Kum Mo Kim,Gurthanthaclops Yasuko Hattori, Melissa Kleinbart, Chumming Mo Kobialka, Daniel Kobialka, Rudolph Kremer, Kelly Leon-Pearce, Diane Nicholeris, Florin Parvulescu, Anne Pinsker, Victor Romasevich, Philip Santos, Peter Shelton – violins
• Chris Bogios, Glenn Fischthal, Andrew McCandless, Craig Morris – trumpets
• Stephen Paulson, Steven Dibner, Rob Weir – bassoons
• Steven Braunstein – contrabassoon
• Charles Chandler, Laurence Epstein, Chris Gilbert, William Ritchen, Stephen Tramontozzi, S. Mark Wright – double basses
• Anthony J. Cirone, Ray Froelich, Thomas Hemphill, Artie Storch – percussion
• Don Ehrlich, Gina Feinauer, David Gaudry, Christina King, Yun Jie Liu, Seth Mausner, Nanci Severance, Geraldine Walther – violas
• John Engelkes, Tom Hornig, Paul Welcomer, Jeff Budin – trombones
• Julie Ann Giacobassi, Eugene Izotov, Pamela Smith – oboes
• Russ deLuna – English horn
• David Herbert – timpani
• Linda Lukas, Tim Day, Robin McKee – flutes
• David Neuman, Carey Bell, Luis Beez – clarinets
• Ben Friemuth – bass clarinet
• Catherine Payne – piccolo
• Douglas Rioth – harp
• Robin Sutherland – keyboards
• Peter Wahrhaftig – tuba

Production[link]

• Bob Rock, James Hetfield, Lars Ulrich, Michael Kamen – producers
• Bob Rock, Randy Staub – engineers
• Randy Staub, Ovidiu Nistor – mixing
• George Marino – mastering
• Billy Bowers, Paul DeCarli, Mike Gillies, Darren Grahn – digital editing
• Stephen McLaughlin – recording
• John Vrtacic – technical assistance
• James Brett, Darren Grahn, Billy Konkel, Leff Lefferts, Kent Matcke, Stephen McLaughlin – assistants
• Geoffrey Alexander, Ted Allen, Pete Anthony,Chris Wagner, Bruce Babcock, Chris Boardman, Bob Elhai, Michael Kamen, Blake Neely, Jonathan Sacks, Brad Warnaar – orchestration
• Michael Kamen - music director
• James Brett, Blake Neely, Michael Price – music preparation
• Vic Fraser, Blake Neely – music copyist
• Michael Kamen – arranger
• Andie Airfix – design
• Anton Corbijn – photography
• Michael Kamen – liner notes

Video production[link]

• Wayne Isham – Video director
• Bart Lipton – Video producer
• Dana Marshall – Video producer

Chart performance[link]

Album[link]

Singles[link]

Certification[link]

CD[link]

DVD[link]

Awards[link]

References[link]

This article contains Korean text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hangul or Hanja.

S.M. Entertainment (Hangul: SM엔터테인먼트) is an independent Korean record label, talent agency, producer, and publisher of pop music, founded by Lee Soo-man in South Korea. Initially, "SM" was an abbreviation of the agency founder's name, but now stands for "Star Museum." Its current CEO is Kim Young-min. The label is one of the "big three" record companies of Korea along with YG Entertainment and JYP Entertainment because of strong market share and international operations, they lead and started the Hallyu wave.

Once the home to groups such as H.O.T., S.E.S., and Shinhwa, its current roster of recording artists include artists in Korean entertainment like Kangta, BoA, TVXQ, TRAX, The Grace, Super Junior, Zhang Liyin, Girls' Generation, SHINee, f(x), and EXO. It is also home to actors like Go Ara, Kim Min-jong and Lee Yeon-hee. SM Entertainment also co-publishes Avex Trax releases for Japanese artists such as Ayumi Hamasaki, Namie Amuro, and Koda Kumi, as well as Johnny's Entertainment acts like Arashi and KAT-TUN.

History[link]

After graduating from Seoul National University and pursuing his own career as a singer, Lee Soo Man surveyed teenage girls on what they wanted to see in music groups and started the boy band H.O.T. and girl group S.E.S.. Both groups became successful during the late 1990s. Soon thereafter, Lee created Shinhwa, and once again, the band attained the same popularity and success, continuing Lee's streak of producing successful artists. In 1999, Lee created Korea's first R&B duo, Fly to the Sky, with members Hwanhee and Brian, adding to Lee's list of successful groups.

1990s: First generation groups[link]

In February 1995, SM Entertainment set up its capital fund at ₩50,000,000. In January 1996, SM Entertainment purchased land for a recording site and manufactured its contents for broadcasting companies like KBS, SBS, HBS, KMTV, M-NET. In April 1997, the head office was transferred to the Yadang ri Kyoha myon Paju Kyungki do part of Seoul. In October 1998, Kim Kyoung-wook was awarded the position of CEO. In August 1999, a paid-in capital increase of ₩25,000,000 (5,000 shares) and free issue of 225,000 shares (₩112,500,000) occurred. In that same year, SM Entertainment built a branch office in Apgujung dong Kangnam gu, Seoul.

However, problems began appearing in SM Entertainment following the breakup of H.O.T. and S.E.S., who disbanded a year after H.O.T. and a few years later in 2003, SM Entertainment saw the departure of Shinhwa, though the group did not breakup and moved to a new management company. In the following years, some of its newer ventures, such as Isak N Jiyeon and Black Beat, failed to attain the popularity achieved by earlier SM artists.

2000s: Second generation and expansion[link]

In early 2000, SM Entertainment agreed to share the split from 5,000 won to 500 per a share. In mid-2000, the company was approved and listed in KOSDAQ as 041510. Late that year, SM Entertainment and Avex Trax signed a contract for music licensing and an Asia agency. In December 2000, SM established an affiliation with Fandago Korea. In January 2001, SM Entertainment established an overseas joint-venture corporation as SM Entertainment Japan Co., Ltd. They are also preparing to establish a new headquarters in Beijing, China.^[2] SM Entertainment will also set up its Asian headquarters in Hong Kong.^[3] In March of the same year, Kim Kyoung-wook was appointed the company's third CEO. In May of the same year, SM Entertainment spent 10 billion won to organize its first joint-venture investment fund in the music industry. SM also established subsidiaries BM Entertainment and Cid.K Entertainment for girl groups M.I.L.K. and Shinvi, respectively, but now defunct upon the groups' disbandment.

In April 2002, an additional 1,341,180 shares was added, and in June 2002, the third-party paid-in capital increased another 61,048 shares. In late-2002, SM Entertainment was awarded the Grand Prix of Ministry of Culture and Tourism for the Culture Contents for Export Award in music. In 2003, it established its affiliation with the Starlight Corporation Ltd and was awarded a prize for the best music contents in Korea. In February 2004, the third-party paid-in capital increased another 271,428 shares. In April of the same year, the head office moved from Paju, Kyungi to Apgujung dong,Kangnam gu, Seoul. A month later, it established its affiliation with C-Cube Entertainment Corporation.

The agency later found new successes with many other acts. SM Entertainment debuted a solo singer BoA in 2000, a five-member boy group TVXQ in 2003, a four-member rock band TRAX in 2004, a four-member girl group The Grace and a thirteen-member boy group Super Junior in 2005, a solo singer of Chinese descent Zhang Liyin in 2006, a nine-member girl group Girls' Generation in 2007, another five-member boy group Shinee in 2008, five-member girl group f(x) in 2009, four-member ballad project group S.M. the Ballad in 2010 and boy band EXO in 2012, which is divided into subgroups EXO-K and EXO-M for Korean and Chinese (Mandarin) markets, respectively.

In May 2005, the fourth CEO came on board, Hur Dah-shin. In May 2008 SM Art Company was formed and helmed by Pyo In-bong as co-CEO. It aims to pursue businesses in musicals and theatre business. Its first production was Xanadu starring Super Junior members Heechul and Kangin.^[4] In August 2010, Kim young-min took office.^[5] Kim Young-min (born April 13, 1970 is a graduate of Korea University majoring in Sociology. In September 1999, Kim Young-min joined SM Entertainment as a team leader of overseas business, and during 2001 to 2005, he was the CEO of Fandango Korea.^[6] On October 21, 2008, the company announced its plans to debut BoA in the United States under SM's new subsidiary label, SM Entertainment USA.

2010s: United Asia Management and joint ventures[link]

In February 2010, founder Lee Soo-man resigned from his position as a member of the board of directors. An official at SM is quoted as saying that Lee had decided to do so in order to "focus more energy on SM's overseas business, new business management and artist development".^[7]

In May 2010, SM announced its largest first quater operating profit of 2010 at ₩10.4 billion, up 471% from the same period in 2009. Its gross revenue from sales from January to March was reported at ₩22.7 billion, up 58% from the year before.^[8]

KMP Holdings: In March 2010, KMP Holdings was established via a joint venture between S.M., YG, JYP, Star Empire, and other companies like Medialine, Ken Entertainment and Music Factory. KMP is the official distributor of releases from these companies. KMP stands for Korean Music Power.^[9] The firm's first distributed release from SM was Super Junior's fifth studio album, Mr. Simple and since this release, SM is not self-distributed any longer.^[10]

United Asia Management: SM Entertainment, YG Entertainment, JYP Entertainment, KeyEast, AMENT and Star J Entertainment will be joining forces to create a huge Asian management agency named ‘United Asia Management‘. This joint investment corporate body was created in an effort to develop an industry that will push ‘Hallyu’ to ‘Asianlyu’. United Asia Management aims to pioneer a global market, and all artists under the six agencies will be under a database system that manages intellectual property rights. A new contents production system will be utilized as well for movies, dramas, and other media. UAM will also be acting as the global agency for artists planning to advance, or currently promoting, overseas. UAM was officially established as of April 2011.

SM True: On August 16, 2011, SM has established their first international joint venture with Thai media company TrueVisions Group called "SM True." Artists Kangta and Shinee are present in the event, as well as SM's CEO, Kim Youngmin. Kim said that the joint venture will help "quickly and more effectively distribute [SM's] contents" and that this will create a "positive synergistic effect."^[11][12]

In February 2012, SM launch new business initiative that specialies in travel and tourism. It acquired Hawaiian travel firm 'Happy Hawaii' and renamed it SM Town Travel. It is helmed by CEO Kang Jung Hyun and "aims to create synergies" between SM's entertainment product and travel.^[13] One of its first products is to offer special concert packages for overseas fans to attend Super Junior's Super Show 4 Tour encore concerts in Seoul in May 2012..^[14]

On 26 March 2012, 47 of their artists, including Kangta, BoA, TVXQ, CSJH The Grace, Super Junior, Zhang Li Yin, Girls' Generation, SHINee, f(x), Go Ara, Isak and Lee Yeon Hee, became stockholders of SM Entertainment. Which would enable them to participate in the company’s vision and growth.^[15] Kangta, BoA, and most of the Super Junior and Girls’ Generation members will be receiving 680 shares each (value of around $27,200 for each member), while SHINee and f(x) members will be receiving 340 shares each (value of around $13,600 for each member).^[16]

Subsidiaries[link]

• SM TinTin Hall (2000)
• SM Entertainment Japan (2001)
• SM Academy (2003)
• SM Art Company (2005)
• SM Pictures (2007)
• SM Amusement
• SM F&B Development
• SM Entertainment USA (2008)
• SM Town Travel (2012)

Controversies[link]

Thirteen-year 'slave contracts'[link]

In late July 2009, three of the TVXQ members; Hero, Micky and Xiah, submitted an application to the Seoul Central District Court to determine the validity of their contract with SM Entertainment.^[17][18] Through their lawyers, the members stated that the 13-year contract was excessively long and that the group's earnings were not fairly distributed to the members.^[19] Early termination penalty of their contract will cost them 2 times the profit that the group is estimated to earn for the rest of the contract period (over ₩11 billion, or around US$9.2 million).^[20] The news was enough to cause SM Entertainment's stock price to drop over 10% on the KOSPI.^[21]

The Seoul Central District Court ruled in favor of the three members. They have claimed that the contract was unfair and the members were left out of proper profit distribution.^[22] In response, SM Entertainment called a press conference and claimed that the lawsuit was a fraud, stating that the lawsuit was not about unfair contracts or human rights but a scam motivated by the three members’ greed over their cosmetics business. The three members remained silent except to say through their lawyers that they hoped SM Entertainment would respect the court’s decision.^[23]

In response to the lawsuit, 120,000 members of TVXQ fan club, Cassiopeia, filed a petition against SM Entertainment’s long-term contracts with the Seoul District Court.^[24] Cassiopeia also filed for compensation from SM Entertainment for the canceled SM Town Live Concert, as both SM and TVXQ initially stated that the concert would go on as planned; the concert was canceled a week before its scheduled date.^[25] It was later announced in early May 2010 that the three members of TVXQ (Jaejoong, Yoochun and Junsu) will return to the stage as a sub-group. Their group is called JYJ representing the first letter of each of their names.^[26][27][28]

On December 21, 2009, five months after the three TVXQ members filed, Han Geng of Super Junior followed suit. The following day, December 22, 2009, Han Geng's lawyer released the reasons for the contract termination: it contained provisions in SM Entertainment's favor, the 13-year contract length was unlawful, it would take an unfair sum of money to end the contract, he was not allowed to request to revise his contract, he was forced to do things that were not in his contract, he was forced to do things against his will, he was fined if he disobeyed the company, missed any events or was late, and there was unfair profit distribution. Along with this, it was disclosed that because of SM Entertainment's refusal to give him a day off in over two years, he had developed gastritis and kidney disease.^[29]

Han Geng's best friend and now current manager, Sun Le, also submitted a statement to the Korean courts citing SM Entertainment's violation of Han Geng's rights. This statement was later leaked to the public via the Internet. Though many suspected the statement to be fan-created, it was later confirmed as true.^[30] Sun Le's statement contended that: Han Geng was forced to wear a mask due to SM Entertainment's ill handling of the visa issue, SM Entertainment purposely discriminated against Han Geng and his family, including financially, SM Entertainment refused to cooperate or listen to any of Han Geng's suggestions, SM Entertainment purposely turned down individual activities for Han Geng (including Ariel Lin's "Firefly" music video, which later starred two other Super Junior members) and SM Entertainment treated Han Geng's potential endorsers poorly.^[31]

Fair Trade Commission revisions[link]

SM Entertainment has released an official statement regarding the contract revisions demanded by the Fair Trade Commission. SME officials clarified on the 23rd, “The FTC only ordered us to revise the contract of one of our trainees by removing the three years added onto his contract. We complied, thus making every contract under our agency to date as ‘fair.’ BoA, TVXQ, Super Junior, SNSD, SHINee, The Trax, and other celebrities under our agency have already been acknowledged as fair contracts by the FTC.”

They continued, “As leaders of the industry, we have been cooperating closely with the National Assembly and other related bureaucracies in order to protect the rights and interests of our celebrities, and to aid in the advancement of Korea’s entertainment industry and the Hallyu wave.” After numerous discussions with the FTC, SME drafted a new contract earlier this year with the changed terms mentioned in the previous article. All artists re-contracted with the agency under the new terms, which were acknowledged by the FTC to be fair. The representative continued, “We fully complied with the recent request by the FTC regarding our contract with a trainee. With the help of the FTC, we will be developing better contracts for the progression of Korean culture and contract customs.”

2009 MNet Asian Music Awards boycott[link]

SM Entertainment along with Inwoo Production boycotted the 2009 Mnet Asian Music Awards event on 21 November, hence none of their artists attended the event. SM stated that they have reservation regarding the standard of fairness and criteria used in their selections,^[32] citing that Girls' Generation had topped a music chart for nine consecutive weeks but was never placed first place on their show and only debuted on their charts a month after the album was released. They also asked that their artists be removed from a mobile poll which requires participants to pay a fee in order to vote saying they "do not want to see fans suffer any damage from the poll which has commercial intentions".^[33]

Locations[link]

• South Korea: Apgujeong-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
• United States: Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles

Roster[link]

SM Town, which started in 1999, is the project name for SM Entertainment's summer and winter vacation albums. SMTown albums consist of current SM Entertainment artists. Each SMTown album consists of one SMTown song and a song from each artist or group.

Recording artists[link]

Former[link]

Discography[link]

Filmography[link]

• Attack on the Pin-Up Boys (2007)
• I AM. (2012)

Partnership[link]

• Starworld Entertainment
• Fandango Korea
• Avex Entertainment
• Sony Music Entertainment Japan
• Nayutawave Records
• EMI Music Japan
• J Storm
• TrueVisions Group
• Kraze Burger

Distribution[link]

Labels distribute[link]

• Avex Group
• J Storm
• Nayutawave Records
• Purple Communication

Distributing labels[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website (Korean)
• Official website (Japanese)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2009)

Lars Ulrich
Ulrich performing in London in 2008
Background information
Birth name	Lars Ulrich
Born	(1963-12-26) December 26, 1963 (age 48) Gentofte, Denmark[1]
Genres	Heavy metal, thrash metal, hard rock, speed metal
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, producer, actor
Instruments	Drums, percussion
Years active	1980–present
Associated acts	Metallica
Website	www.metallica.com

Lars Ulrich ( /ˈʌlrɪk/ UL-rik; Danish: [lɑːs ˈulˀʁæg̊]; born December 26, 1963) is a Danish drummer, and one of the founding members of the American heavy metal band Metallica. He was born in Gentofte, Denmark to an upper-middle class family.^[1] A tennis player in his youth, Ulrich moved to Los Angeles, California at age sixteen to pursue his training; though rather than playing tennis, he became a drummer. After publishing an advertisement in a local Los Angeles newspaper called The Recycler, Ulrich met James Hetfield and formed Metallica.