Azerbaijan National Anthem (Instrumental) This article is about the country. For other uses, see Azerbaijan (disambiguation). Republic of Azerbaijan Azərbaycan Respublikası (Azerbaijani) Three equally sized horizontal bands of blue, red, and green, with a white crescent and an eight-pointed star centered in the red band Flag National emblem of Azerbaijan National emblem Anthem: Azərbaycan marşı "March of Azerbaijan" 2:12 Location of Azerbaijan (green) with territory controlled by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh shown in light green.[a] Location of Azerbaijan (green) with territory controlled by the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh shown in light green.[a] Location of Azerbaijan Capital and largest city Baku 40°23′43″N 49°52′56″E Official languages Azerbaijani[1] Minority languages See full list Ethnic groups (2009[2]) 91.6% Azerbaijani 2.0% Talysh 2.0% Lezgin 1.4% Armenian 1.3% Russian 2.4% others Religion 96.9% Islam 3.0% Christianity 0.1% Other[3] Demonym(s) AzerbaijaniAzeri Government Unitary semi-presidential republic[4] • President Ilham Aliyev • Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva • Prime Minister Ali Asadov • National Assembly Speaker Sahiba Gafarova Legislature National Assembly Formation • Democratic Republic 28 May 1918 • Soviet Socialist Republic 28 April 1920 • Independence from Soviet Union 30 August 1991 (declared) 18 October 1991 (independence) 25 December 1991 (completed) • Full membership into the CIS 21 December 1991 • Admitted to the United Nations 2 March 1992 • Constitution adopted 12 November 1995 Area • Total 86,600 km2 (33,400 sq mi) (112th) • Water (%) 1.6 Population • March 2022 estimate 10,164,464[5] (90th) • Density 117/km2 (303.0/sq mi) (99th) GDP (PPP) 2021 estimate • Total $160.713 billion[6] • Per capita $15,882[6] GDP (nominal) 2021 estimate • Total $54.622 billion[6] • Per capita $5,398[6] Gini (2008) Negative increase 33.7[7] medium HDI (2019) Increase 0.756[8] high · 88th Currency Manat (₼) (AZN) Time zone UTC+4 (AZT) Date format dd.mm.yyyy (CE) Driving side right Calling code +994 ISO 3166 code AZ Internet TLD .az Azerbaijan (UK: /ˌæzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn, -ˈdʒæn/ (listen), US: /ˌɑːzərbaɪˈdʒɑːn, ˌæz-/;[9] Azerbaijani: Azərbaycan [ɑːzæɾbɑjˈdʒɑn]), officially the Republic of Azerbaijan,[b] is a transcontinental country located at the boundary of Eastern Europe and Western Asia.[10] It is a part of the South Caucasus region, and is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia (Republic of Dagestan) to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia and Turkey to the west, and Iran to the south. Baku is the capital and largest city. The Azerbaijan Democratic Republic proclaimed its independence from the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic in 1918 and became the first secular democratic Muslim-majority state. In 1920, the country was incorporated into the Soviet Union as the Azerbaijan SSR.[11][12] The modern Republic of Azerbaijan proclaimed its independence on 30 August 1991,[13][14] shortly before the dissolution of the Soviet Union in the same year. In September 1991, the ethnic Armenian majority of the Nagorno-Karabakh region formed the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh.[15] The region and seven surrounding districts are internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan pending a solution to the status of the Nagorno-Karabakh through negotiations facilitated by the OSCE, became de facto independent with the end of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War in 1994.[16][17][18][19] Following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, the seven districts and parts of Nagorno-Karabakh were returned to Azerbaijani control.[20] Azerbaijan is a unitary semi-presidential republic.[4] It is one of six independent Turkic states and an active member of the Organization of Turkic States and the TÜRKSOY community. Azerbaijan has diplomatic relations with 182 countries and holds membership in 38 international organizations,[21] including the United Nations, the Council of Europe, the Non-Aligned Movement, the OSCE, and the NATO PfP program. It is one of the founding members of GUAM, the CIS,[22] and the OPCW. Azerbaijan is also an observer state of the WTO. The vast majority of the country's population (97%) is nominally[3] Muslim,[23] but the constitution does not declare an official religion and all major political forces in the country are secularist. Azerbaijan is a developing country and ranks 88th on the Human Development Index. It has a high rate of economic development,[24] literacy,[25] and a low rate of unemployment.[26] However, the ruling New Azerbaijan Party, in power since 1993, has been accused of authoritarian leadership and the deterioration of the country's human rights record, including increasing restrictions on civil liberties, particularly on press freedom and political repression.[27]

• published: 30 Jul 2022
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