Sharing food

Look up sharing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Sharing the joint use of a resource or space. In its narrow sense, it refers to joint or alternating use of an inherently finite good, such as a common pasture or a shared residence. It is also the process of dividing and distributing. Apart from obvious instances, which we can observe in human activity, we can also find many examples of this happening in nature. When an organism takes in nutrition or oxygen for instance, its internal organs are designed to divide and distribute the energy taken in, to supply parts of its body that need it. Flowers divide and distribute their seeds. In a broader sense, it can also include free granting of use rights to a good that can be treated as a nonrival good, such as information. Still more loosely, “sharing” can actually mean giving something as an outright gift: for example, to “share” one's food really means to give some of it as a gift.

In a market[link]

Sharing disjoints the connection between usage and ownership of a product. Products are often sold because a buyer intends to use the product or the buyer intends to sell it to someone who will use it, thus sharing a product may reduce the product's demand by reducing the number of people who intend to acquire it to use it. Though sharing is touted as an economical and environmental aid to the public (carpooling, shared apartments, etc.), some businesses perceive it as a threat because of its assumed effect on their profitability. This has resulted in protection laws (such as copyright provisions denying owners the right to perform or display the work publicly) to curb sharing. The effect on profitability is difficult if not impossible to assess because it relies on making sweeping assumptions about public behavior including individual decision making differences, buyers only convinced to buy after using a friend's product, and the effect on the sales of products given away.

Sharing figures prominently in gift economies, but also can play a significant role in market economies, for example in car sharing. Share housing is a common and informally negotiated example of sharing of householders' labour (for example, in the form of housework) and communal household goods.

In computer and internet culture[link]

File sharing is the practice of distributing or providing access to digitally stored information, such as computer programs, multi-media (audio, video), documents, or electronic books. It may be implemented through a variety of ways. Storage, transmission, and distribution models are common methods of file sharing incorporate manual sharing using removable media, centralized computer file server installations on computer networks, World Wide Web-based hyperlinked documents, and the use of distributed peer-to-peer networking (see peer-to-peer file sharing).

Sharing is a key feature in the developing field of free software and open source software, with implications for economics. This is leading to a need to review licensing, patents and copyright, and to controversy in these areas, as well as new approaches like Creative Commons and the GPL.

In computer science[link]

In computer science, the issue of handling shared resources figures prominently. For example time-sharing is an approach to interactive computing in which a single computer is used to provide apparently simultaneous interactive general-purpose computing to multiple users by sharing processor time. Sharing of resources between processes and threads is the source of most of the difficulties of concurrent programming. The word "sharing" is also used in some functional programming communities to refer specifically to sharing of memory between different data items to save space, otherwise known as hash consing.

In religions[link]

Information, knowledge[link]

• Missionary Church of Kopimism says that all knowledge is for everyone and copying/sharing information is sacred.
• Gift of Knowledge by the Holy Spirit apparently isn't suggesting copying nor sharing information.^{[clarification needed]}
• The KJV Bible, 1 Corinthians 13:2 is saying that having all the knowledge in the world is useless, without the desire for charity (sharing).
• The Douay-Rheims Bible, Philippians 1:9 is saying "And this I pray, that your charity may more and more abound in knowledge, and in all understanding".
• All Christian Bibles, Hosea 4:6 are saying that obstruction of the flow of knowledge could be the destruction of mankind.
• Vidya Daan(विद्या दान) translated as Knowledge Charity, a concept in Daan, is a tenet of all Dharmic religions that also values the sharing of Knowledge.^[1][2]
• Gyan yoga, Jnana yoga(ज्ञान योग) translated as Wisdom Exercise or Knowledge Path, is the sacred search for True Knowledge, in all Dharmic religions.
• In Hinduism, Right Knowledge is a form of God, and anything Knowledge is written or recorded on is considered sacred, to be protected from obscurity:

अपूर्व: कोपि कोशोयं विद्यते तव भारति |
व्ययतो वॄद्धिम् आयाति क्षयम् आयाति संचयात् ||

• Translation: Oh Goddess Saraswati, your treasure of knowledge (Vidya) is indeed very amazing! If used(shared) it grows and if unused(obscured) it shrinks!
• In Islam, the prophet Muhammad said: "Wisdom is the lost property of the faithful; wherever he finds it he has the right to take it"^[3]

Prophet Mohammed also said: "Whoever is asked about a knowledge that he knows about and then hides it and keeps it away, he will be bridled on the day of judgement with a bridle of fire."^[4]

See also[link]

• Pie method
• Generosity

References[link]

• Yochai Benkler, Sharing Nicely: On Shareable Goods and the Emergence of Sharing as a Modality of Economic Production, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 114, 273-358 (PDF)
• Bruce Perens (2005). “The Emerging Economic Paradigm of Open Source”. Retrieved October 25, 2005.

Footnote[link]

1. ^ Sanskrit slokas about Vidya
2. ^ Vidya Daan: about
3. ^ Sunan Tirmidhi Tradition:4159, Sunan Ibn Majah Tradition:9784, Ibid Tradition:9785, Mishkat al-Masabih Tradition:216
4. ^ Related by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Al-Tirmidhi

External links[link]

• Shareable: News on Sharing

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Sharing

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sharing

Lincoln Schatz
220px "George Clooney, Cube Portrait", 2008
Born	1963 Chicago, Illinois, United States
Nationality	American
Field	Video art
Training	Bennington College
Works	CUBE portraits
Awards	CORE Fellowship

Lincoln Schatz is a contemporary American artist, best known for works that utilize video to collect, store, and display images from specific environments.

His CUBE project combines architecture, video and, performance using a video system to generate painterly screen-based portraits of subjects. In 2008, the Hearst Corporation commissioned Schatz to create CUBE portraits to celebrate the 75th Anniversary of Esquire magazine.^[1] The work profiled the 75 most influential people of the 21st century including George Clooney, LeBron James, Jeff Bezos, and Craig Newmark. The series of portraits was acquired by the National Portrait Gallery in 2010.^[2]

In 2007, the Billingsley Company commissioned a new work for the entrance of One Arts Plaza in the heart of the Dallas’ Arts District.^[3] This large-scale video memory work features two video walls, totaling over 160 square feet (15 m²). Schatz also completed commissions in that year for a new Helmut Jahn-designed high-rise in Chicago at 600 Fairbanks,^[4] and another for the entrance of Chicago's McCormick Place Convention Center.

Other notable commissions include Qualcomm Corporate Headquarters in San Diego; Across Time, a permanent commission at the Spertus Institute of Jewish Studies in Chicago; and a work made for Shanghai contemporary art collector Pearl Lam. Work by Lincoln Schatz has been exhibited at bitforms gallery nyc and Seoul, the Hearst Tower, New York; Sundance Film Festival, Utah; Think 21 Contemporary, Brussels; PULSE Miami; ARCO Madrid; Catharine Clark Gallery, San Francisco, California; Gallery Simon, Seoul; Museum of Contemporary Art, San Diego; Quint Contemporary Art, La Jolla, California.^[5]

His work is held in numerous public and private collections including, San Jose Museum of Art; Glatzova & Co., Prague; Cafritz Collection, Washington DC; Fundación Privada Sorigué, Lleida, Spain; Post Properties, Washington D.C.; Museum of Outdoor Arts, Englewood; City of Evanston, IL; Morse Diesel Construction, Chicago; Northern Industries, Chicago; Runnymede Sculpture Farm, Woodside; Ernesto Ventos Omedes, Barcelona; Fidelity Investment, Boston; and W Hotel, Seoul.^[6]

Schatz attended the Latin School of Chicago, and received his BA from Bennington College in 1986 and was the recipient of a CORE fellowship to the Glassell School of Art at the Museum of Fine Arts in Houston.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Lincoln Schatz's web site
• Artnet
• About the CUBE
• bitforms gallery
• Catherine Clark Gallery