Raoul Walsh
Raoul Walsh as John Wilkes Booth in The Birth of a Nation.
Born	(1887-03-11)March 11, 1887 New York City, New York, United States
Died	December 31, 1980(1980-12-31) (aged 93) Simi Valley, California, United States
Occupation	Director, actor
Years active	1909-1964
Influenced by	John Barrymore
Spouse	Miriam Cooper (1916-1926) Lorraine Miller (1928-1947) Mary Simpson (1947-1980)
Awards	Founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences

Raoul Walsh (March 11, 1887 – December 31, 1980) was an American film director, actor, founding member of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) and the brother of silent screen actor George Walsh. He was known for portraying John Wilkes Booth in the silent classic The Birth of a Nation (1915) and for directing such films as The Big Trail (1930) starring John Wayne, High Sierra (1941) starring Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart, and White Heat (1949) with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien. His last directorial effort came in 1964.

Biography[link]

Early life[link]

Born Albert Edward Walsh to Elizabeth T. Bruff, the daughter of Irish immigrants and Thomas W. Walsh, an Englishman of Irish descent. As a young man, Raoul was a close friend of Virginia O'Hanlon of "Yes, Virginia, there is a Santa Claus" fame. Like his younger brother, he was part of Omega Gamma Delta during his high school days. Growing up in New York, Walsh was also a friend of the Barrymore family. John Barrymore recalled spending time reading in the Walsh family library as a youth.

Film career[link]

Walsh began as a stage actor in New York City, quickly progressing into film acting. Walsh was educated at Seton Hall College and began acting in 1909. In 1914, he became an assistant to D.W. Griffith and made his first full-length feature film The Life of General Villa, shot on location in Mexico with Villa playing the lead and actual ongoing battles filmed in progress as well as recreations (events dramatized in the 2003 film And Starring Pancho Villa as Himself, with Kyle Chandler playing Walsh). This was followed by the critically acclaimed Regeneration in 1915, possibly the earliest feature gangster film, shot on location in Manhattan's Bowery district. Walsh played John Wilkes Booth in Griffith's epic The Birth of a Nation (1915) for which he was also Assistant Director. Walsh later directed The Thief of Bagdad (1924) starring Douglas Fairbanks and Anna May Wong.

Walsh (center) in 1918

In Sadie Thompson (1928) starring Gloria Swanson as a prostitute seeking a new life in Samoa, Walsh starred as Swanson's boyfriend in his first acting role since 1915; he also directed the film. Walsh was then hired to direct and star in In Old Arizona, a film about O. Henry's character the Cisco Kid. While on location for that film Walsh suffered a car accident in which he lost his right eye when a jackrabbit jumped through a windshield as he was driving. He gave up the part (but not the directing job), and never acted again; Warner Baxter won an Oscar for the role Walsh was originally slated to play. Walsh would wear an eyepatch for the rest of his life.^[1][2]

In the early days of sound with Fox, Walsh directed the first widescreen spectacle, The Big Trail (1930), an epic wagon train western shot on location across the West. The movie starred then unknown John Wayne, whom Walsh discovered as prop boy Marion Morrison and renamed after Revolutionary War general Mad Anthony Wayne, about whom Walsh happened to be reading a book about at the time. Walsh directed The Bowery (1933), featuring Wallace Beery, George Raft, Fay Wray and Pert Kelton; the energetic movie recounts the story of Steve Brodie (Raft), the first man to supposedly jump off the Brooklyn Bridge and live to brag about it.

An undistinguished period followed with Paramount Pictures from 1935 to 1939, but Walsh's career rose to new heights soon after moving to Warner Brothers, with The Roaring Twenties (1939) featuring James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart; Dark Command (1940) with John Wayne and Roy Rogers; They Drive By Night (1940) with George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Bogart; High Sierra (1941) with Lupino and Bogart again; They Died with Their Boots On (1941) with Errol Flynn as Custer; The Strawberry Blonde (1941) with James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland; Manpower (1941) with Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, and George Raft; and White Heat (1949) with Cagney. Walsh's contract at Warners expired in 1953.

He directed several films afterwards, including three with Clark Gable: The Tall Men (1955), The King and Four Queens (1956), and Band of Angels (1957). Walsh retired in 1964.

Certain of Raoul Walsh's film related material and personal papers are contained in the Wesleyan University Cinema Archives to which scholars and media experts from around the world may have full access.^[3]

Selected filmography[link]

• The Pseudo Prodigal (1913), directorial debut
• The Life of General Villa (1914)
• The Mystery of the Hindu Image (1914)
• The Birth of a Nation (1915)
• Regeneration (1915)
• Carmen (1915), with Theda Bara
• The Woman and the Law (1918), with Jack Connors, Miriam Cooper and Peggy Hopkins Joyce
• The Prussian Cur (1918)
• Evangeline (1919), with his wife Miriam Cooper
• The Deep Purple (1920)
• Kindred of the Dust (1922)
• The Thief of Bagdad (1924), produced by and starring Douglas Fairbanks, and featuring Anna May Wong
• What Price Glory (1926), his most successful silent movie
• The Lucky Lady (1926)
• Sadie Thompson (1928), in which he acted alongside Gloria Swanson
• The Cock-Eyed World (1929)
• The Big Trail (1930) with John Wayne; early location movie in widescreen and Wayne's first leading role
• The Man Who Came Back (1931) with Janet Gaynor and Charles Farrell
• The Yellow Ticket (1931) with Lionel Barrymore and Laurence Olivier
• Wild Girl (1932) with Charles Farrell, Joan Bennett, Ralph Bellamy, and Eugene Pallette
• The Bowery (1933) with Wallace Beery, George Raft, Fay Wray, and Pert Kelton
• Klondike Annie (1936) with Mae West and Victor McLaglen
• O.H.M.S. (1937)
• St. Louis Blues (1939)
• The Roaring Twenties (1939) with James Cagney and Humphrey Bogart
• Dark Command (1940) with John Wayne, Roy Rogers, and Gabby Hayes
• They Drive by Night (1940) with George Raft, Ann Sheridan, Ida Lupino, and Humphrey Bogart
• High Sierra (1941) with Ida Lupino and Humphrey Bogart
• The Strawberry Blonde (1941) with James Cagney and Olivia de Havilland
• They Died with Their Boots On (1941) with Errol Flynn and Olivia de Havilland
• Manpower (1941) with Edward G. Robinson, Marlene Dietrich, and George Raft
• Desperate Journey (1942) with Errol Flynn and Ronald Reagan
• Gentleman Jim (1942) with Errol Flynn and William Frawley
• Northern Pursuit (1943) with Errol Flynn
• Objective, Burma! (1945) with Errol Flynn
• The Man I Love (1947) with Ida Lupino
• Pursued (1947) with Robert Mitchum and Teresa Wright
• Cheyenne (1947) with Dennis Morgan and Jane Wyman
• Silver River (1948) with Errol Flynn
• White Heat (1949) with James Cagney and Edmond O'Brien
• Colorado Territory (1949), a remake of High Sierra with Joel McCrea, Virginia Mayo, Dorothy Malone, and Henry Hull
• Montana (1950), with Errol Flynn
• Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951) with Gregory Peck and Virginia Mayo
• Distant Drums (1951), remarkable for its innovative sound effects
• Blackbeard the Pirate (1952) with Robert Newton, Linda Darnell and William Bendix
• The World in His Arms (1952) with Gregory Peck, Ann Blyth and Anthony Quinn
• Gun Fury (1953), with Donna Reed and Lee Marvin
• A Lion Is in the Streets (1953), with James Cagney, and Lon Chaney Jr.
• The Lawless Breed (1953)
• Sea Devils (1953) with Rock Hudson
• Saskatchewan (1954)
• Battle Cry (1955)
• The Tall Men (1955) with Clark Gable and Jane Russell
• The King and Four Queens (1956) with Clark Gable and Eleanor Parker
• Band of Angels (1957) with Clark Gable, Yvonne De Carlo, and Sidney Poitier
• The Sheriff of Fractured Jaw (1958)
• The Naked and the Dead (1958), with Cliff Robertson, based on the best-selling novel by Norman Mailer.
• Esther and the King (1960)
• Marines, Let's Go (1961)
• A Distant Trumpet (1964), final film.

Walsh unofficially co-directed The Enforcer, with Humphrey Bogart and Zero Mostel, when director Bretaigne Windust fell ill at the beginning of shooting in 1951. Walsh refused to take a screen credit.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Marilyn Ann Moss. Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director (University Press of Kentucky; 2011) pp. 528
• Paolo Bachmann, Raoul Walsh, Turin: Quaderni del Movie Club di Torino, 1977. (Italian)
• Jean-Louis Comolli, "L'esprit d'aventure", Cahiers du cinéma, n. 154, April 1964. (French)
• Toni D'Angela, Raoul Walsh o dell'avventura singolare, Rome: Bulzoni, 2008. (Italian)
• "Trafic", n. 28, Winter 1998. (French)
• "La furia umana", n. 1. 2009, http://www.lafuriaumana.it (Italian)

External links[link]

Biography portal

• Raoul Walsh at the Internet Movie Database
• Raoul Walsh at AllRovi
• Raoul Walsh at Find a Grave
• Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database
• Raoul Walsh at Virtual History