City of Newport Beach
—  City  —
Aerial view of Newport Beach on a crisp spring morning
Official seal of City of Newport Beach Seal
Location of Newport Beach within Orange County, California.
Coordinates: 33°37′0″N 117°53′51″W / 33.616667°N 117.8975°W / 33.616667; -117.8975Coordinates: 33°37′0″N 117°53′51″W / 33.616667°N 117.8975°W / 33.616667; -117.8975
Country	United States
State	California
County	Orange
Incorporated	September 1, 1906[1][2]
Government
• Type	Mayor-Council
• Mayor	Nancy Gardner[3]
• Governing body	City of Newport Beach City Council
Area[4]
• Total	52.978 sq mi (137.211 km2)
• Land	23.805 sq mi (61.654 km2)
• Water	29.173 sq mi (75.557 km2)  55.07%
Elevation	10 ft (3 m)
Population (2010)
• Total	85,186
• Density	3,578.5/sq mi (1,381.7/km2)
Time zone	PST (UTC-8)
• Summer (DST)	PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP codes	92657-92663
Area code(s)	949
FIPS code	06-51182
GNIS feature ID	1661104
Website	City of Newport Beach
Misc. Information City tree Coral tree City flower Bougainvillea

Newport Beach, incorporated in 1906, is a city in Orange County, California, 10 miles (16 km) south of downtown Santa Ana. The population was 85,186 at the 2010 census.

The city's median family income and property values consistently place high in national rankings. The Daily Pilot, a newspaper published in the neighboring city of Costa Mesa but which serves the greater Newport-Mesa community, reported in 2010 that more than a quarter of households have an income greater than $200,000, and the median value for homes is approximately $1 million.^[5]

History[link]

Newport Beach

In 1871 a steamer named The Vaquero made its first trip to a marshy lagoon for trading. Ranch owners in the Lower Bay decided from then on that the area should be called "Newport."^[2]

In 1905 city development increased when Pacific Electric Railway established a southern terminus in Newport connecting the beach with downtown Los Angeles. In 1906 with a population of 206 citizens, the scattered settlements were incorporated as the City of Newport Beach.^[2]

Settlements filled in on the Peninsula, West Newport, Newport Island, Balboa Island and Lido Isle. In 1923 Corona del Mar was annexed and in 2002 Newport Coast, East Santa Ana Heights and San Joaquin Hills, were annexed.^[2] In 2008, after a long battle with the city of Costa Mesa, Newport Beach annexed West Santa Ana Heights.

Geography[link]

Newport Beach extends in elevation from sea level to the 1161 ft (354 m.) summit of Signal Peak in the San Joaquin Hills,^[6] but the official elevation is 25 feet (8 m) above sea level at a location of 33°37′0″N 117°53′51″W / 33.616667°N 117.8975°W / 33.616667; -117.8975 (33.616671, −117.897604).^[7]

The city is bordered on the west by Huntington Beach at the Santa Ana River; on the north by Costa Mesa, John Wayne Airport, the City of Irvine and UC Irvine; and on the east by Crystal Cove State Park.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 53.0 square miles (137 km²). 23.8 square miles (62 km²) of it is land and 29.2 square miles (76 km²) of it (55.07%) is water.

Areas of Newport Beach include Corona del Mar, Balboa Island, Balboa Peninsula (also known as Balboa), Newport Coast, San Joaquin Hills, and Santa Ana Heights, and West Newport.

Newport Harbor and Newport Bay[link]

Linda Isle, Newport Beach, California

Newport Harbor is a semi-artificial harbor that was formed by dredging an estuary during the early 1900s. Several artificial islands were built, which are now covered with private homes: Newport Island, Balboa Island, Little Balboa Island, Collins Island, Bay Island, Harbor Island, Lido Isle and Linda Isle.^[8]

Newport Harbor once supported maritime industries such as boatbuilding, shipbuilding, and commercial fishing, but today it is used mostly for recreation. Its shores are occupied mostly by private homes and private docks. With approximately 9,000 boats, Newport Harbor is one of the largest recreational boat harbors on the U.S. west coast.^[9] It's a popular destination for all boating activities, including sailing, fishing, rowing, canoeing, kayaking, and paddleboarding.

Commercial maritime operations today include the Catalina Flyer ferry to Catalina Island, harbor tours, sport fishing and whale watching day trips and charters, and a few small commercial fishing boats.

Newport Bay is divided by the Pacific Coast Highway bridge, which is too low for most sailboats and very large boats to pass under. North of the bridge is referred to as Upper Newport Bay, or the Back Bay. South of the bridge is commonly called Lower Newport Bay, or Newport Harbor. However the Back Bay also has harbor facilities, especially the marina and launch ramp at The Dunes.^[10]

The north end of the Newport Harbor channels around Lido Island have a number of small business centers and were at one time used by the fishing fleets as its home. On the North East side of the channel, the Lido Marina Village now provides the local port to many "Newport Party Boats" as well as small merchants and local restaurants and hosts the area boat show each year as well as a Organic "Farmers Market"^[11] Sundays and in addition to port for the local Gondola Company.^[12]

In 1927 a home was built at the mouth of the entrance of Newport Harbor that came to be known as the China House of China Cove. The home was built using the traditional Chinese architecture. It was a landmark in the Newport Beach Harbor until it was demolished in the 1980s. Some of the original roof can been seen on a home located in the China Cove.^[13]

Upper Newport Bay is an estuary that was formed by a prehistoric flow of the Santa Ana River. Today it is fed by a small stream from San Diego Creek. Much of Upper Newport Bay is a protected natural area known as the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve, established in 1975.^[14]

Newport Beach Back Bay from 1200 AGL

Climate[link]

Newport Beach has a Mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification Csb). Like many coastal cities in Los Angeles and Orange counties, Newport Beach exhibits weak temperature variation, both diurnally and seasonally, compared to inland cities even a few miles from the ocean. The Pacific Ocean greatly moderates Newport Beach's climate by warming winter temperatures and cooling summer temperatures.

Newport Beach has the only coconut palm trees growing on the west coast of the USA.

Demographics[link]

2010[link]

The 2010 United States Census^[16] reported that Newport Beach had a population of 85,186. The population density was 3,587.5 people per square mile (1,381.7/km²). The racial makeup of Newport Beach was 74,357 (87.3%) White, 616 (0.7%) African American, 223 (0.3%) Native American, 5,982 (7.0%) Asian, 114 (0.1%) Pacific Islander, 1,401 (1.6%) from other races, and 2,493 (2.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6,174 persons (7.2%).

The Census reported that 84,784 people (99.5% of the population) lived in households, 151 (0.2%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 251 (0.3%) were institutionalized.

There were 38,751 households, out of which 8,212 (21.2%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 17,273 (44.6%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 2,608 (6.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,199 (3.1%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,846 (4.8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 233 (0.6%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 12,838 households (33.1%) were made up of individuals and 4,412 (11.4%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.19. There were 21,080 families (54.4% of all households); the average family size was 2.81.

The population was spread out with 14,744 people (17.3%) under the age of 18, 6,659 people (7.8%) aged 18 to 24, 22,299 people (26.2%) aged 25 to 44, 25,322 people (29.7%) aged 45 to 64, and 16,162 people (19.0%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.0 years. For every 100 females there were 97.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.

There were 44,193 housing units at an average density of 834.2 per square mile (322.1/km²), of which 21,224 (54.8%) were owner-occupied, and 17,527 (45.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.7%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.8%. 50,511 people (59.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 34,273 people (40.2%) lived in rental housing units.

2000[link]

As of the census^[17] of 2000, there were 70,032 people, 33,071 households, and 16,965 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,738.8 inhabitants per square mile (1,829.5/km²). There were 37,288 housing units at an average density of 2,523.1 per square mile (974.1/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 92.22% White, 0.53% African American, 0.26% Native American, 4.00% Asian, 0.12% Pacific Islander, 1.13% from other races, and 1.74% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4.71% of the population.

There were 33,071 households out of which 18.0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.5% were married couples living together, 6.1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48.7% were non-families. 35.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 10.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.71.

In the city the population was spread out with 15.7% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 27.2% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 97.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.6 males.

According to a 2008 US Census estimate, the median income for a household in the city was $95,511, while the median family income was $126,976.^[18] Males had a median income of $73,425 versus $45,409 for females. The per capita income for the city was $63,015. About 2.1% of families and 4.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.0% of those under age 18 and 3.5% of those age 65 or over.

Housing prices in Newport Beach ranked eighth highest in the United States in a 2009 survey.^[19]

Politics[link]

As of January 2010, there were 34,747 registered Republicans, 13,684 Democrats 11,719 unaffiliated and 2,432 minor party voters, making Newport Beach one of the most heavily Republican cities in California (Republicans outnumber Democrats nearly 3 to 1).

In the state legislature Newport Beach is located in the 35th Senate District, represented by Republican Tom Harman, and in the 68th and 70th Assembly District, represented by Republicans Van Tran and Chuck DeVore respectively. Federally, Newport Beach is located in California's 48th congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of R +8^[20] and is represented by Republican John Campbell.

Economy[link]

Newport Beach is home to one Fortune 500 company, insurer Pacific Life.^[21] Other companies based in Newport Beach include Acacia Research, Conexant, Galardi Group (Wienerschnitzel, The Original Hamburger Stand, and Tastee-Freez) Jazz Semiconductor, and PIMCO.^[22] Fletcher Jones Motor Cars in Newport Beach is the largest Mercedes-Benz dealership in the world.^[23] At one time Edwards Theatres had its headquarters in Newport Beach.^[24] Before its dissolution Air California was headquartered in Newport Beach.^[25][26] The city's largest law firm is Stradling Yocca Carlson & Rauth, with approximately 75 attorneys at its Fashion Island location.^[27]

Top employers[link]

According to the City's 2010 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,^[28] the top employers in the city are:

Tourism[link]

Points of interest[link]

Points of interest in Newport Beach

Balboa Pavilion on Main Street   Newport Center   The Balboa Bay Club

Famous past landmarks[link]

Attractions[link]

Balboa Pier

Orange Coast College sailing school

Beaches and surfing[link]

Beachgoers have flocked to Newport Beach since the Pacific Electric Railway started bringing them in 1905.

Attractions include the city beaches from the Santa Ana River to the tip of the Balboa Peninsula, Corona del Mar State Beach, and the beaches at Crystal Cove State Park.

Newport Beach is renowned for good surfing, especially between Newport Pier and the Santa Ana River. At the tip of the Balboa Peninsula, The Wedge offers world-class bodyboarding and bodysurfing.

Newport Pier and Balboa Pier draw fishermen and sightseers.

A boardwalk (actually a concrete path) runs 2.9 miles (4.7 km) from 36th Street in West Newport, past Newport Pier and Balboa Pier, to between E and F Streets on the Balboa Peninsula.

Harbor and boating[link]

Newport Harbor is the largest recreational boat harbor on the U.S. west coast, and a popular destination for all boating activities, including sailing, fishing, rowing, kayaking, paddleboarding.

The annual Christmas Boat Parade dates back to 1908. The New York Times has called it, "One of the top ten holiday happenings in the nation."^[29]

Competitive sailing, rowing, and paddling events occur almost every weekend, and weekdays during summer. The annual Newport to Ensenada International Yacht Race is the largest sailboat race in the world.^[30]

Boating activities are organized by five private yacht clubs, along with Orange Coast College,^[31] UC Irvine,^[32] and the Sea Scouts,^[33] all of which have sailing, rowing, and water activity bases on the harbor. The Newport Aquatic Center allows open public participation in competitive rowing, canoeing, kayaking, and outrigger canoe racing.^[34] The Orange Coast College School of Sailing and Seamanship offers recreational and professional sailing and mariners' courses and certifications, including United States Coast Guard licensing.^[31]

Hand-carried boats may be launched from Newport Harbor's public beaches. A launching ramp at The Dunes RV Resort and Marina provides access for trailered boats.

Harbor boat tours feature celebrity homes and other waterfront points of interest. Large charter vessels cater to weddings and other special events. Rental and charter boats of all sizes and types are available from several operators.

The Newport Harbor Nautical Museum is dedicated to the history of Newport Harbor, and the industries and people that were attracted to the waters of Newport Beach.

Nautical Clubs of Newport Beach[link]

• Newport Harbor Yacht Club
• Balboa Yacht Club
• South Shore Yacht Club
• Bahia Corinthian Yacht Club
• Balboa Bay Club
• Lido Isle Yacht Club
• American Legion Yacht Club
• Newport Ocean Sailing Association
• Newport Sea Base Yacht Club
• Orange Coast College Sailing Center Association
• U.C. Irvine Sailing Association

Balboa[link]

On the Balboa Peninsula, the historic Balboa Pavilion and Balboa Island Ferry are the city's most famous landmarks. Adjacent to the Pavilion, the 500 passenger Catalina Flyer provides daily transportation to and from Avalon, located on Santa Catalina Island. In the same vicinity, the Balboa Fun Zone offers a merry-go-round and ferris wheel, bungee jumping, arcade games, souvenir shops and eateries, boat rentals, and harbor tour boat rides; and is also home to the Newport Harbor Nautical Museum.^[35][36]

Balboa Island's village charm draws many visitors. A waterfront path around the island attracts walkers and joggers, and provides easy access from the ferry to the shops and restaurants on Marine Ave.

Outdoors and nature[link]

Standing paddleboarders and rowers enjoying Upper Newport Bay

Upper Newport Bay, or the Back Bay, is ringed by Back Bay Drive and a network of trails and paths that attract bicyclists, rollerbladers, joggers, and walkers.

Bird watchers and nature lovers are drawn to the Upper Newport Bay Ecological Reserve and Peter and Mary Muth Interpretive Center; and to Crystal Cove State Park, which features tide pools at the beach, and backcountry hiking and mountain biking trails.

Camping is available at Crystal Cove State Park, and at the Newport Dunes RV Park Resort and Marina.

Whale watching is also popular, with both scheduled and charter boats leaving from Newport Harbor.

Bicycling[link]

The boardwalk is a natural draw for bicyclists. Beach cruiser bikes can be rented at several places on the Balboa Peninsula. Bicyclists are also drawn to Back Bay Drive and the bike paths around Upper Newport Bay; the hilly roads winding through Newport Coast and the San Joaquin Hills; and the mountain biking trails in the San Joaquin Hills and Crystal Cove State Park. Pacific Coast Highway provides access to these areas and is a major bicycle route through the region, despite being shared with heavy motor vehicle traffic.

Many neighborhoods in Newport Beach are amenable to bicycling. Locals are inclined to use bicycles for short trips, especially to get through summer beach traffic and avoid motor vehicle parking shortages.

Golf[link]

The Pelican Hill area has two golf courses, both of which were recently reopened after extensive remodeling and the construction of a new hotel and clubhouse.^[37]

Culture and nightlife[link]

Fashion Island in Newport Center

Fashion Island at Newport Center is a popular regional shopping and entertainment destination. Also at Newport Center, the Orange County Museum of Art exhibits modern and contemporary art, with emphasis on the work of Californian artists.^[38][39]

The Newport Theater Arts Center presents high quality live theater in a 90-seat venue with low ticket prices.^[40]

The bars and restaurants within a few blocks of Newport Pier are a regional nightlife destination.

Walkable villages[link]

The village areas of Corona del Mar and Balboa Island are ideal for walking to explore the shops and restaurants; as are the Balboa Village area between the ferry and the pier, and the area encompassing Newport Pier, McFadden Square, Cannery Village and Lido Village.

Farmers' markets[link]

Newport Beach has two farmers' markets: Saturday mornings in Corona Del Mar, at the corner of Marguerite and Pacific Coast Highway; and Sunday mornings in Lido Village, where Via Oporto is closed to traffic.

Popular culture[link]

The city has figured into several television shows and movies.

• The popular TV show The O.C. was based on the fictional lives of people living in Newport Beach.
• MTV replaced its hit teen-reality series Laguna Beach: The Real Orange County with a new show, Newport Harbor: The Real Orange County, on August 15, 2007. Only the cast and location changed in the new series, based on the lives of high school students living in Newport Beach.
• The TV series Arrested Development was set in Orange County and would often feature scenes at Newport Beach.
• Several scenes from the Disney Channel movie The Thirteenth Year were filmed at the Balboa Pavilion in 1999.
• The pop rock band Cute Is What We Aim For has a song titled Newport Living.
• The TV series The Real Housewives of Orange County featured scenes of Newport Harbor.
• One guest on You Bet Your Life in 1954 was mayor of Newport Beach, and specifically noted that Balboa was a congregating point for southern Californian young people over Easter break, with 35,000 visiting the town of 18,000.
• The exterior of the Newport Beach Central Library appeared as the reunion venue in the 1997 film Romy and Michelle's High School Reunion.
• The Devil Inside video by the Australian band INXS was filmed around the Balboa Fun Zone.
• The 1917 film Cleopatra by J. Gordon Edwards was filmed in Newport Beach.^[41]
• The popular clothes brand Hollister Co. has featured many brands including clothing that says Newport Beach.

Notable natives and/or residents[link]

Newport Center Drive. Newport Center was developed by the Irvine Company

Business[link]

• George Argyros, real estate investor and former owner of the Seattle Mariners
• Donald Bren, owner of the Irvine Company^[42]
• William H. Gross, co-founder of Pimco
• John H. Meier, former business adviser to Howard Hughes^[43]
• Michael Morhaime, cofounder and chief executive of Blizzard Entertainment^[44]
• Henry Samueli, co-founder of Broadcom and owner of the Anaheim Ducks
• Gary Primm, casino developer and former chairman, chief executive of Primm Valley Resorts & Primadonna Resorts Inc.

Eso Esad Samardzic, owner of esos group and esos Hotel Quelle in Switzerland

Arts[link]

• Andy Ackerman, director
• Steve Aoki, producer and DJ
• Lauren Bacall^[45]
• Joey Bishop, entertainer^[45]
• Humphrey Bogart,^[45] actor, yachtsman
• George Burns, entertainer
• Nicolas Cage, actor
• James Cagney, actor and dancer
• Dick Dale, musician, "King of the Surf Guitar"^[46]
• Buddy Ebsen, actor
• Stephen Fry, actor, comedian, author, journalist, broadcaster, film director
• Leo Howard, actor^[47]
• Chuck Jones, cartoon artist, animator of Bugs Bunny and Daffy Duck
• Dean Koontz, writer^[45]
• Heather Locklear, actress
• Karl Malone, retired NBA player^[45]
• Helena Modjeska, renowned actress
• McG, film and television director and producer
• Mark McGrath, singer (Sugar Ray)^[45]
• Mike Ness of Social Distortion^[48]
• Chuck Norris, martial arts star, actor
• Peter North, pornstar^[45]
• Cathy Rigby, gymnast and actress
• Frank Rumbauskas, bestselling author^[49]
• Gwen Stefani, singer, No Doubt
• Emma Stone, actress^[50]
• Shirley Temple,^[45] actress
• Dr. John Townsend, award-winning author^[51]
• Mamie Van Doren,^[52] actress and sex symbol
• John Wayne,^[45] actor and icon

Sports[link]

Sasha Cohen

• Bill Macatee, Sportscaster
• Carsten Ball, Australian Tennis Player
• Matt Barkley, first freshman to ever start at quarterback for the University of Southern California football team
• Amanda Beard, swimmer and Olympic medalist
• Francois Botha, former Heavyweight boxer
• Scott Boras Notorious baseball agent
• Kobe Bryant, NBA player, Los Angeles Lakers^[45]
• Sasha Cohen, figure skater
• Ekaterina Gordeeva, figure skater
• Keith Hartwig, NFL player, Green Bay Packers
• Reggie Jackson, Hall of Fame Baseball Player
• Jürgen Klinsmann, German football manager and former football player
• Kevin Kouzmanoff, MLB player, San Diego Padres^[53]
• Ilia Kulik, figure skater
• Joffery Lupul, NHL player, Toronto Maple Leafs
• Bill Macatee, Sportscaster
• Todd Marinovich football player for Oakland Raiders
• Dennis Rodman, retired NBA player^[54]
• Leigh Steinberg, noted sports agent, said to be the model for the title character of Jerry Maguire
• Robert "Wingnut" Weaver, surfer^[55]
• John Welbourn, NFL player, New England Patriots^{[citation needed]}
• C.J. Wilson, MLB starting pitcher for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
• Tiger Woods, professional golfer
• George Yardley, former Detroit Pistons basketball player.
• Eso (Esad) Samardzic, FIFA Agent, FIFA Match Agent and former professional football player in Yugoslavia, Austria and Switzerland.

Education[link]

Sister cities[link]

Newport Beach has three sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

• Antibes, France^[56]
• Ensenada, Mexico^[56]
• Okazaki, Japan^[56]

See also[link]

• Communities of Newport Beach, California

References[link]

External links[link]

	Greater Los Angeles portal
	Southern California portal

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Newport Beach, California

• City of Newport Beach
• Newport Beach and Balboa Island Information
• Newport Beach Balboa Island Visitor's Guide
• Newport Beach Chamber of Commerce
• Tales of Balboa
• Newport Mooring Association
• Newport Beach Conference and Visitors Bureau
• Newport Beach Centennial
• The Newport Harbor Nautical Museum
• Newport Beach Public Library
• Newport Beach Rotary

	Huntington Beach	Costa Mesa	Irvine-Turtle Rock
	Pacific Ocean		Irvine-Turtle Rock
		Newport Beach    East
	Pacific Ocean	Pacific Ocean	Laguna Woods& Laguna Beach

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City of Newport Dinas Casnewydd
—  City & Principal area  —
The Newport Transporter Bridge, opened in 1906
Official logo of City of Newport Arms of Newport City Council
Motto: "Terra Marique" "By land and sea"
City of Newport and (inset) within Wales
Coordinates: 51°35′15.86″N 2°59′54.04″W / 51.5877389°N 2.9983444°W / 51.5877389; -2.9983444
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Constituent country	Wales
Ceremonial county	Gwent
Historic county	Monmouthshire
Admin HQ	Newport Civic Centre
Town charter	1385
City status	2002
Government
• Type	Principal area, City
• Governing body	Newport City Council
• Mayor of Newport	Margaret Cornelious
• Leader of Newport City Council	Bob Bright
• MPs	Paul Flynn, Labour Jessica Morden, Labour
• AMs	Rosemary Butler, Labour John Griffiths, Labour
Area
• Total	70 sq mi (190 km2)
Population (2007 est / Urban 2006)
• Total	141,300 (Ranked 7th)
•  Density	1,910/sq mi (738/km2)
• Ethnicity (2001 Census)	95.1% White 2.6% S. Asian 1.5% Afro-Caribbean
Time zone	Greenwich Mean Time (UTC+0)
Postcode	NP
Area code(s)	01633
ISO 3166-2	GB-NWP
ONS code	00PR
OS grid reference	ST312882
NUTS 3	UKD31
Demonym	Newportonians
Website	www.newport.gov.uk

Newport (Welsh: Casnewydd) is a city and unitary authority in south east Wales. It is located on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn estuary, about 12 miles (19 km) east of Cardiff. It is the third largest city in Wales, with a population of 141,300 (2007 estimate).

Newport has been a port since medieval times, when a castle was built by the Normans. The town outgrew the earlier Roman town of Caerleon, immediately upstream, and gained its first charter in 1314. It grew significantly in the 19th century, when its port became the focus of coal exports from the eastern valleys of South Wales. Until the rise of Cardiff from the 1850s, Newport was Wales' largest coal-exporting port. It was the site of the last large-scale armed insurrection in Britain, the Newport Rising of 1839 led by the Chartists.

During the 20th century, the docks declined in importance, but Newport remained an important manufacturing and engineering centre. It was granted city status in 2002. It is the home of the University of Wales, Newport, and the Newport Gwent Dragons rugby union regional team, and hosted the Ryder Cup in 2010.

It is the largest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The City of Newport, which includes some surrounding rural areas as well as the built up area, is governed by Newport City Council.

History[link]

See also Category:History of Newport

Origins[link]

Newport Castle

Bronze Age fishermen settled around the fertile estuary of the River Usk and later the Celtic Silures built hillforts overlooking it. In AD 75, on the very edge of their empire, the Roman legions built a Roman fort at Caerleon to defend the river crossing. According to legend, in the late 5th century Saint Woolos church was founded by Saint Gwynllyw, the patron saint of Newport and King of Gwynllwg. The church was certainly in existence by the 9th century and today has become Newport Cathedral, the seat of the Bishop of Monmouth. The Normans arrived from around 1088–1093 to build Newport Castle and river crossing downstream and the first Norman Lord of Newport was Robert Fitzhamon.

The settlement of 'Newport' is first mentioned as novo burgus established by Robert, Earl of Gloucester in 1126.^[1] The name was derived from the original Latin name Novus Burgus, meaning new borough or new town. The city can sometimes be found labelled as Newport-on-Usk on old maps.^[2] The original Welsh language name for the city, Casnewydd-ar-Wysg (pronounced [kasˈnɛwɪð ar ˈwɪsk]) means 'New castle-on-Usk' (this is a shortened version of Castell Newydd ar Wysg) and this refers to the twelfth-century castle ruins near Newport city centre. The original Newport Castle was a small Motte-and-bailey castle in the park opposite Newport Cathedral. It was buried in rubble excavated from the Hillfield railway tunnels that were dug under Stow Hill in the 1840s and no part of it is currently visible.^[3]

Around the settlement, the new town grew to become Newport, obtaining its first charter in 1314 ^[4] and was granted a second one, by Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford in 1385. In the 14th century friars came to Newport where they built an isolation hospital for infectious diseases. After its closure the hospital lived on in the place name "Spitty Fields" (a corruption of ysbyty, the Welsh for hospital).^[5] "Austin Friars" also remains a street name in the city.

During the Welsh Revolt in 1402 Rhys Gethin, General for Owain Glyndŵr, forcibly took Newport Castle together with those at Cardiff, Llandaff, Abergavenny, Caerphilly, Caerleon and Usk.^[6] During the raid the town of Newport was badly burned and Saint Woolos church destroyed.

A third charter, establishing the right of the town to run its own market and commerce came from Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham in 1426. By 1521 Newport was described as having "....a good haven coming into it, well occupied with small crays [merchant ships] where a very great ship may resort and have good harbour." Trade was thriving with the nearby ports of Bristol and Bridgwater and industries included leather tanning, soap making and starch making.^[5] The town's craftsmen included bakers, butchers, brewers, carpenters and blacksmiths. A further charter was granted by James I in 1623.

During the English Civil War in 1648 Oliver Cromwell's troops camped overnight on Christchurch Hill overlooking the town before their attack on the castle the next day. A cannon-ball dug up from a garden in nearby Summerhill Avenue, dating from this time, now rests in Newport Museum.^[7]

Industrial Revolution[link]

Westgate Square, showing The Westgate Hotel and Stow Hill, Newport

As the Industrial Revolution took off in Britain in the 19th century, the South Wales Valleys became key suppliers of coal from the South Wales coalfield, and iron. These were transported down local rivers and the new canals to ports such as Newport, and Newport Docks grew rapidly as a result. Newport became one of the largest towns in Wales and the focus for the new industrial eastern valleys of South Wales. By 1830 Newport was Wales' leading coal port, and until the 1850s it was larger than Cardiff.^[1][1]

The Newport Rising in 1839 was the last large-scale armed rebellion against authority in mainland Britain. John Frost and 3,000 other Chartists marched on the Westgate Hotel at the centre of the town. The march was met with an attack by militia, called to the town by the Mayor: at least 20 marchers were killed and were later buried in Saint Woolos churchyard. John Frost was sentenced to death for treason, but this was later commuted to transportion to Australia. He returned to Britain (but not to Newport) later in his life. John Frost Square, in the centre of the city, is named in his honour.

Newport probably had a Welsh-speaking majority until the 1830s, but with a large influx of migrants from England and Ireland over the following decades, the town and the rest of Monmouthshire came to be seen as "un-Welsh", a view compounded by ambiguity about the status of Monmouthshire.^[1] In the 19th century, the St George Society of Newport (a group largely consisting of English settlers and businessmen) asserted that the town was part of England. It was at a meeting in Newport, attended by future Prime Minister David Lloyd George, that the Cymru Fydd movement received its death blow in 1896 when politician Robert Bird stated “You will find, from Swansea to Newport, a cosmopolitan population who will not submit to the domination of Welsh ideas!”.^[1] In 1922 Lloyd George was to suffer a further blow in Newport, when the South Wales Liberal Federation, led by David Alfred Thomas, an industrialist and Liberal politician, and Robert Bird moved that Lloyd George "be not heard" in the 1895 General Election. The Conservative capture of the recently created Newport constituency in a by-election in 1922 was one of the causes of the fall of his coalition government.^[1]

The late 19th and early 20th century period was a boom time for Newport. The population was expanding rapidly and the town became a county borough in 1891.^[1] The dock system was completed in 1892: the newly built South Dock was the largest masonry dock in the world.^[1] Although coal exports from Newport were by now modest compared to the Port of Cardiff (which included Cardiff, Penarth and Barry), Newport was the place where the Miners' Federation of Great Britain was founded in 1889, and international trade was sufficiently large for 8 consuls and 14 vice-consuls to be based in the town.^[1] Urban expansion took in Pillgwenlly and Liswerry to the south; this eventually necessitated a new crossing of the River Usk, which was provided by the Newport Transporter Bridge completed in 1906, described as "Newport's greatest treasure".^[1]

On 2 July 1909, during construction of Newport's Alexandra Dock, supporting timbers in an excavation trench collapsed, instantly burying 46 workers. The rescuers included 12-year-old paper boy Thomas ‘Toya’ Lewis who was small enough to crawl into the collapsed trench. Lewis worked for two hours with hammer and chisel in an attempt to free one of those trapped. Several hundred pounds was later raised through public subscription in gratitude for the boy's efforts, and he was sent on an engineering scholarship to Scotland. Lewis was awarded the Albert Medal for Lifesaving by King Edward VII in December 1909. A Wetherspoons pub in the city centre is named "The Tom Toya Lewis" after the young hero.^[8] The building in which the pub is housed was formerly the Newport YMCA, the Foundation Stone for which was laid by Viscount Tredegar, also in 1909.^[9]

The modern era[link]

The Newport Wave steel sculpture by Peter Fink, erected 1990. Newport Market is in the background

Compared to many Welsh towns, Newport's economy had a broad base, with foundries, engineering works, a cattle market and shops that served much of Monmouthshire.^[1] However, the docks were in decline even before the Great Depression, and local unemployment peaked at 34.7% in 1930: high, but not as bad as the levels seen in the mining towns of the South Wales Valleys. Despite the economic conditions, the council re-housed over half the population in the 1920s and 30s.^[1]

The post-war years saw renewed prosperity, with Saint Woolos Cathedral (now Newport Cathedral) attaining full cathedral status in 1949, the opening of the modern integrated Llanwern steelworks in 1962, and the construction of the Severn Bridge and local sections of the M4 motorway in the late 1960s, making Newport the best-connected place in Wales.^[1][10] Although employment at Llanwern steelworks declined in the 1980s, the town acquired a range of new public sector employers, and a Richard Rogers-designed Inmos microprocessor factory helped to establish Newport as a 'hotspot' for technology companies.^[11] A flourishing local music scene in the early 1990s led to claims that the town was "a new Seattle".^[1][12]

The county borough of Newport was granted city status in 2002 to mark Queen Elizabeth II's Golden Jubilee.^[13] In the same year, an unusually large merchant ship, referred to locally as the Newport ship, was uncovered and rescued from the bank of the Usk during the construction of the Riverfront Arts Centre. The ship has been dated to some time between 1445 and 1469 and it remains the only vessel of its type from this period yet discovered anywhere in the world.

Key dates in Newport's history[link]

• 1140: The first early Norman wood motte and bailey castle is built on Stow Hill.
• 1314: First Town Charter
• 1327–1386: Newport Castle built
• 1385: Second Town Charter granted by Hugh Stafford, 2nd Earl of Stafford
• 1402: Town taken by the forces of Owain Glyndŵr, rebel Prince of Wales during the Welsh Revolt: Saint Woolos Cathedral destroyed.
• 1426: Third Town Charter granted by Humphrey Stafford, 1st Duke of Buckingham
• 1648: Town taken by the forces of Oliver Cromwell during the English Civil War.
• 1672: Tredegar House completed.
• 1796: Opening of the Monmouthshire canal.
• 1839: Chartist Newport Rising, Westgate Hotel, Newport led by radical former mayor John Frost
• 1842: Town Dock at Newport Docks opens – able to accommodate the largest ships in the world.
• 1850: Newport becomes the seat of the Roman Catholic diocese of Newport and Menevia.
• 1871: W. H. Davies, renowned poet born at Portland Street, Pillgwenlly.
• 1877: Athletic grounds at Rodney Parade opens.
• 1887: The Boys Brigade movement in Wales founded by George Philip Reynolds at Havelock Street Presbyterian Church.
• 1892: Construction of the docks completed.
• 1880–1900: Godfrey Morgan, 1st Viscount Tredegar donates land for the benefit of the public, including Belle Vue Park, the Royal Gwent Hospital and Newport Athletics Grounds.
• 1894: Belle Vue Park opens.
• 1901: Royal Gwent Hospital moved to its current site
• 1906: Newport Transporter Bridge^[14] opens on 12 September.
• 1916: Roman Catholic diocese of Newport absorbed into the new Archdiocese of Cardiff.
• 1937: King George VI visits Newport and cuts first sod of new Civic Centre building.
• 1949: Saint Woolos attains full cathedral status, (now Newport Cathedral).
• 2002: Newport granted city status; discovery of the Newport ship.
• 2003: Newport Unlimited regeneration company set up.
• 2010: The Ryder Cup golf competition was hosted at the Celtic Manor Hotel.

Governance[link]

The Art Deco Newport Civic Centre

Newport has long been the largest town in the historic county of Monmouthshire and became a unitary authority in 1996, although it was also a county borough between 1891 and 1974. The Local Government Act 1972 removed ambiguity about the legal status of the area by including the administrative county of Monmouthshire and the county borough of Newport into all acts pertaining to Wales, and in 1974 the borough was incorporated into the new local government county of Gwent. Gwent itself was abolished in 1996 but remains in use for ceremonial functions as a preserved county.

Politics[link]

See also Category:Politics of Newport

The city is historically industrialised with a large working-class population^[1] and a strong support for the Labour Party.

Labour lost control of Newport City council in the 2008 local elections to a Conservative/Liberal Democrat coalition but the Labour Party regained an overall majority of councillors in the 2012 election.

The City of Newport is divided between the UK Parliamentary constituencies of Newport West and Newport East and elects one Member of Parliament (MP) in each constituency. The two constituencies cover a similar area to that of the city area controlled by Newport City Council. The city formerly had only one constituency until 1983 when the city was split into Newport West and Newport East due to population growth. In the United Kingdom general election, 2010, Labour held Newport West with a reduced majority of 3,544 votes over the Conservative Party. The Labour Party also held Newport East with a reduced majority of 1,650 votes over the Liberal Democrats.

In the National Assembly of Wales Newport is divided into Newport West and Newport East constituencies and elects one Assembly Minister (AM) in each constituency. In the National Assembly for Wales election, 2011, Labour held Newport West with an increased majority of 1,401 votes over the Conservative Party. The Labour Party also held Newport East with an increased majority of 5,388 votes over the Conservative Party.

Newport is part of the Wales European Parliament Constituency. The Wales constituency elects four Members of the European Parliament (MEP). In the 2009 European Parliament election the Wales constituency elected one MEP from each of the Conservative, Labour, Plaid Cymru and UKIP parties.

Coat of arms[link]

The official description of the armorial bearings are: "(arms) or, a chevron reversed gules, the shield ensigned by a cherub proper. Supporters: on the dexter side a winged sea lion or, and on the sinister side a sea dragon gules, the nether parts of both proper, finned gold."

Freedom of the City[link]

The title of Freedom of the City is a ceremonial honour, given by the city council to those who have served in some exceptional capacity, or upon any whom the City wishes to bestow an honour. Recipients include (in chronological order):

• Rt. Hon. Godfrey Charles Morgan, 1st Viscount Tredegar, Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire
• Bernard Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein
• Corps of the South Wales Borderers (24th Foot)
• Royal Regiment of Wales (24th/41st Foot)
• 104th Regiment Royal Artillery (Volunteers)
• Royal Welch Fusiliers
• British Merchant Navy Association
• HMS Severn

Twinning[link]

Newport has three international twinning^[15] links:

• Heidenheim, Germany since 1980
• Kutaisi, Georgia since 1989
• Guangxi Province, China since 1996

Geography[link]

Newport is located 138 miles (222 km) west of London and 12 miles (19 km) east of Cardiff. It is the largest urban area within the historic county boundaries of Monmouthshire and the preserved county of Gwent. The City of Newport, which includes rural areas as well as the built up area, is the seventh most populous unitary authority in Wales.

The city is largely low-lying, but with a few hilly areas. (Wentwood reaches 310 metres above sea level). Areas in the south and east of the city tend to be flat and fertile with some housing estates and industrial areas reclaimed from marshland. Areas near the banks of the River Usk, such as Caerleon, are also low-lying. The eastern outskirts of the city are characterised by the gently rolling hills of the Vale of Usk and Christchurch has panoramic views of the Vale of Usk and the Bristol Channel. Ridgeway at Allt-yr-yn also has good views of the surrounding areas and Bristol Channel. Brynglas has views over the city centre and Twmbarlwm to the west. The suburbs of the city have grown outwards from the inner-city, mostly near the main roads, giving the suburban sprawl of the city an irregular shape. The urban area is continuing to expand rapidly with new housing estates continuing to be built.

The city boundaries include a number of villages in the rural areas surrounding the built-up area.

Wards and districts[link]

See also Category:Wards of Newport

See also Category:Districts of Newport

The city is divided into 20 wards. Most of these wards are coterminous with communities (parishes) of the same name. Each community can have an elected council. The following table lists city council wards, communities and associated geographical areas. Communities with a community council are indicated with a '*':

Climate[link]

Newport has a moderate temperate climate, with the weather rarely staying the same for more than a few days at a time. The city is one of the sunnier locations in Wales and its sheltered location tends to protect it from extreme weather. Like the whole of the British Isles, Newport benefits from the warming effect of the Gulf Stream. Newport has mild summers and cool winters.^{[16][17][18][19][20]}

Thunderstorms may occur intermittently at any time of year, but are most common throughout late-spring and summer. Rain falls throughout the year, Atlantic storms give significant rainfall in the autumn, these gradually becoming rarer towards the end of winter. Autumn and summer have often been the wettest seasons in recent times. Snow falls every winter and usually settles on the ground several times, and usually melts after a few days. Newport records few days with gales compared to most of Wales, again due to its sheltered location. Frosts are common from October to May.

On 20 March 1930, the overnight temperature fell to −16.1 °C (3 °F) – the coldest temperature for the whole of the UK during that year, and the latest date in spring the UK's lowest temperature has been recorded.^[21]

Demography[link]

People from Newport are known as Newportonians. In census 2001, 93.1% described themselves as White, 1.2% as Mixed-race, 2.6% as Asian, 0.5% as Black, 0.2% as Chinese and 0.3% as Other group.^[22]

Religion[link]

Newport Cathedral – St Woolos

In 1929 St Woolos Church became the Pro-Cathedral of the Diocese of Monmouth, becoming a full cathedral in 1949. When Rowan Williams was appointed Archbishop of Wales in 2000, the Cathedral became the Metropolitan Cathedral of Wales.^[23] In 1850 Newport was recognised as the chief centre of Roman Catholicism in Wales when the town became the seat of the Bishop of Newport and Menevia; however Newport lost its bishop with the creation of the Archdiocese of Cardiff in 1916.^[1] Between 21 October 1966 and 6 October 1969, having retired as Bishop of Rochester, New York, Fulton J. Sheen, an American bishop who pioneered preaching on television and radio, was appointed the titular archbishop of Newport by Pope Paul VI.

In 2001, 71.9% of Newport residents considered themselves Christian, 2.6% Muslim, 1% Other religions (including Hindu, Buddhist, Jewish, Sikh and Others), 16.8% were non-religious and 8.1% chose not to answer the non-compulsory religion question on the 2001 census.

Newport has more than 50 churches^[24] (including Welsh, Chinese and Urdu speaking services), 7 mosques,^[25] and one synagogue;^[26] the nearest Gurudwara^[27] is in Cardiff.

Economy[link]

Newport Docks

Newport's Travel to Work Area incorporates much of south Monmouthshire; the new 2001-based area also includes Cwmbran.^[28] The city itself has three major centres for employment: the city centre, and business parks clustered around the M4 motorway junctions 24 in the east and 28 in the west.

Organisations based in the city include Cassidian – the defence and security division of aerospace giant EADS; the Passport Office for much of the south and west of the UK; and the Wales headquarters of the Charity Commission and British Red Cross; the headquarters of the UK Office for National Statistics; the headquarters of the United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office (formerly known as the Patent Office); the headquarters of Wales and West Utilities; a large Panasonic manufacturing plant; a manufacturing plant for International Rectifier; the shared-service centre for HM Prison Service.

In 1997, Newport secured what was then thought to be Europe's largest-ever inward investment when the LG Group announced a £1.7 billion project creating 6,100 jobs, and supported by public sector grants.^[29] Facilities were built on the Celtic Lakes business and science park, but market conditions led to the semiconductor plant never opening, and the CRT plant eventually closed in 2003.^[30] In 2005 Irish radiator manufacturer Quinn Group bought the former LG Phillips building, which became its European base.^[31]

Industry in the east of Newport was formerly based at the Corus Llanwern steelworks, and although the rolling mill is still active, steel manufacture ceased in 2001. Permission has been granted to transform the 600-acre (2.4 km²) former steelworks site into a £1bn mixed-use development comprising housing, office and industrial space, public open space and a range of community facilities.^[32]

At the mouth of the River Usk, the Sims Metal Management plant hosts the world's largest industrial shredder for scrap metal with access by road, rail and sea.^{[33][34][35][36]} The plant, which is also the world's largest car crusher which was featured in the TV series 'How do they do it'.^[37]

Newport Cattle Market, in the Pillgwenlly area of the city, closed in 2009 and was demolished to make way for a new supermarket.

Regeneration[link]

City Bridge, carrying the A48 over the River Usk, Newport

The city is undergoing a major regeneration programme led by Newport Unlimited.^[38]

Infrastructure[link]

The first stage of regeneration involved improving the city centre road network, including turning Kingsway and Queensway into boulevards. The Southern Distributor Road to the south of the city opened in 2004, including the new City Bridge over the River Usk, improving access and opening up new areas for development. The Newport City footbridge opened in 2006 linking the east and west banks of the river for pedestrians and cyclists .

Newport railway station was redeveloped with the lengthened Platform 4 of the railway station opening in July 2007 and a new terminal building opened in 2010 with a futuristic design. The railway station's reconnection with the Ebbw Valley Railway was due to be completed by 2011 but was delayed. There are plans to reopen many suburban stations in the near future – as part of phase one of the Ebbw Valley reopening, Rogerstone was re-opened in February 2008. Phase two will see Pye Corner re-opened, and four others are planned in the city's Unitary Development Plan.^[39]Newport bus station is also being redeveloped.^[40]

A state-of-the-art District General Hospital is planned to be built to replace the Royal Gwent Hospital. The Whiteheads site has been suggested now the old Corus steel facility has closed, but no final site has been approved.

The New M4 skirting the southern edge of the urban area of Newport was proposed as a means of reducing the congestion on the existing M4 motorway (presently squeezed through the Brynglas Tunnels) and making Newport and the surrounding areas more accessible. There have also been calls for a barrage across the River Usk to be incorporated with the M4 bypass, so that the level of the river would stay permanently at high tide level, although possible plans for a Severn barrage across the River Severn would reduce the need for an Usk barrage. The bypass scheme was eventually cancelled in July 2009.^[41]

Leisure[link]

Riverfront Arts Centre, Newport

The Riverfront Arts Centre was the first structure to be built as part of Newport's regeneration by Newport City Council in 2004. It stands on Kingsway Boulevard on the west bank of the River Usk. On the east bank, Rodney Parade is being redeveloped as a sports and entertainment complex having a capacity of 15,000 and it is home to Newport Gwent Dragons and Newport RFC rugby union teams.

The Crindau Marina is planned to be built off Heidenheim Drive. The Marina would be the southern terminus of the Monmouthshire and Brecon canal and would provide opportunities for new housing, shops and leisure facilities.^[42]

Education[link]

University of Wales, Newport City centre campus

The Old Town Dock area is one of the main areas for residential development in the masterplan. At the extreme northern end of this area, a £35 million riverside campus of the University of Wales, Newport was built adjacent to the Newport City footbridge.^[43] The Allt-yr-yn campus of the University was demolished and will be redeveloped as high quality housing. Just to the south of the new campus a 441-bed student block has been constructed.^[44]

Residential[link]

As part of the Newport Unlimited master plan, the city centre is currently being expanded to take in areas of the River Usk east bank. The area of land between Newport Bridge and George Street Bridge is being developed as a £43 million high-density combined commercial and residential area, joined to the west bank by the new footbridge. The plan is designed to show a strong urban form along the river front, emphasised with tall landmark buildings^[45] The first phase will be known as City Vizion.^[46]

Adjacent to the University campus on the west bank is "The Edge", a development of 227 apartments, including a 21-storey tower containing duplex apartments and penthouses.^[47] Further south is the "Newhaus" development of 154 riverside apartments.^[48] At the southern end of the site, the "Alexandra Gate" development will eventually see 300 homes and riverside apartments built adjacent to the City Bridge.^[49]

In east Newport, there are proposals to transform land released from the Corus steelworks at Llanwern into 4,000 houses, shops and other facilities, with the creation of up to 6,000 jobs.^[50]

Commercial[link]

Due to the Late-2000s recession, some major redevelopment projects were cancelled. A £210 million city centre shopping complex known as Friars Walk including a Debenhams department store and a multiplex cinema was planned to be created in time for the 2010 Ryder Cup in Newport, but was scrapped in 2009.^[51]In December 2010 the Friars Walk scheme was relaunched^[52] and in April 2012 a completion date of 2015 was announced with Debenhams again being the flagship store.^[53]

City Spires on the Cambrian Centre site would have included a 30-storey, 101 metre (332 ft)-tall block of 238 apartments and four-star hotel and a 10-storey office block. The plan was mothballed in 2008.^[54][55] An alternative redevelopment plan for Cambrian Centre was due to start in 2012 ^[56]

Transport[link]

George Street Bridge, Newport, the first cable-stayed bridge in Britain

See also Category:Transport in Newport

The M4 motorway comes within a mile (1.6 km) of the city centre, and Newport can be accessed from six junctions (from 24–28 inclusive). The Great Western main railway line also passes through the heart of the city, stopping at Newport railway station. Newport is well linked with nearby Cardiff, with approximately six rail and five bus services between the cities every hour.^[57]

Road[link]

M4 Motorway[link]

The main west—east road is the M4 motorway.

The junctions within the city are:

• 24: Coldra A449/A48/B4237
• 25: Caerleon Road B4596
• 25A: Grove Park A4042
• 26: Malpas Road A4051
• 27: High Cross, B4591
• 28: Tredegar Park A48/A4072 (A467/A468)

The Brynglas Tunnels on the M4 are a cause of traffic delays as the motorway narrows to two lanes in each direction between junctions 25 and 26 to pass through the tunnels. Partly due to regular tailbacks at the tunnels a variable speed limit is in place between junctions 24 and 28.

Principal roads[link]

Other major west-east A roads are:

• As an alternative to the busy M4 motorway through Newport, the Southern Distributor Road (A48) is a two-lane dual carriageway connecting M4 junction 24 to junction 28. Combined with the M4 in the north, the SDR forms the southern part of a ring road for the city.
• The A48 westbound (Cardiff Road) is as an alternative route from Newport to Cardiff.
• The A48 eastbound (Chepstow Road) is as an alternative route from Newport to Chepstow, South West England (via the Severn Bridge), the Wye Valley and Gloucestershire.
• The A4072 (Forge Road) from M4 junction 28 connects Newport via the A468 to Machen and Caerphilly.

The main north-south A roads are:

• The A449 connects Newport to Usk and the English Midlands via M4 junction 24.
• The A4042 connects Newport to Cwmbran, Pontypool and Abergavenny via M4 junction 25A.
• The A4051 (Malpas Road) connects Newport to Cwmbran via M4 junction 26.
• The A4072 (Forge Road) from M4 junction 28 connects Newport via the A467 to Risca and the towns of the Sirhowy Valley, Ebbw Valley and Rhymney Valley.

The main B roads are:

• The B4237 (former A48) connects M4 junction 24 to junction 28 (Chepstow Road, Wharf Road, crossing George Street Bridge onto George Street and then Cardiff Road).
• The B4596 (Caerleon Road, former A449) links central Newport to Caerleon via M4 Junction 25.
• The B4591 (Risca Road/High Cross Road, former A467) is an alternative route from Newport to Risca via M4 Junction 27 (High Cross) and Rogerstone.
• The B4245 (Magor Road) at Langstone connects Newport to Underwood, Magor and Caldicot.
• The B4239 (Lighthouse Road) at Duffryn connects Newport to Rumney, Cardiff.

City centre[link]

The Old Green Interchange is an elevated roundabout over the A4042 (Heidenheim Drive) at the western end of Newport Bridge. Queensway passes Newport railway station and links the Old Green Interchange to Newport Civic Centre via Clytha Park Road. Kingsway/Usk Way is a boulevard on the west bank of the River Usk linking the Old Green Interchange to the Southern Distributor Road at the western end of City Bridge and to Newport Transporter Bridge.

Corporation Road follows the east bank of the River Usk, but with limited views of the river. It links Newport Bridge to George Street Bridge, Newport City Bridge and, via Stephenson Road, Newport Transporter Bridge.

Bus[link]

Bus services are primarily provided by the council-owned Newport Transport under the Newport Bus brand. Other operators include Stagecoach in South Wales, Veolia Transport Cymru and Cardiff Bus. Newport bus station^[58] is to be redeveloped. National Express operate cross-country coach services from the city.

Newport railway station

Rail[link]

See also Railway stations in Newport.

Newport railway station is connected directly to the South Wales Main Line branch of the Great Western Main Line, Welsh Marches Line and Gloucester to Newport Line.

Rogerstone railway station on the Ebbw Valley Railway reopened in 2008. Services currently run between Ebbw Vale and Cardiff via Rogerstone. The reconnection of Newport station to the Ebbw Valley Railway via Rogerstone station is under consideration, but no decision will be made until at least 2011.^[59]

The services calling at Newport are:

• First Great Western
  • London Paddington – Reading – Bristol Parkway – Newport – Cardiff Central (- Bridgend – Port Talbot – Neath – Swansea)
  • Cardiff Central – Newport – Bristol Temple Meads – Bath Spa – Salisbury – Southampton – Portsmouth Harbour
  • Cardiff Central – Newport – Bristol Temple Meads – Weston-super-Mare – Taunton
• Arriva Trains Wales
  • Manchester Piccadilly – Crewe – Shrewsbury – Hereford – Cwmbran – Newport – Cardiff Central (– Bridgend – Port Talbot – Neath – Swansea – Carmarthen – Haverfordwest)
  • Cardiff Central – Newport – Cwmbran – Hereford – Shrewsbury – Wrexham General – Chester – Rhyl – Bangor – Holyhead
  • Maesteg – Bridgend – Cardiff Central – Newport – Chepstow – Gloucester – Cheltenham Spa
• CrossCountry
  • Cardiff Central – Newport – Gloucester – Cheltenham Spa – Birmingham New Street – Nottingham

Newport railway station underwent a £22 million refurbishment programme, completed in time for the Ryder Cup in October 2010. The project introduced a futuristic new passenger terminal and bridge, whilst restoring the 19th-century features of the site. The new complex, west of the old station entrance, includes two terminals, new terminal buildings and a public footbridge, a new passenger footbridge, a new taxi area and short-stay car park, and a 250-space passenger car park.

Air[link]

The nearest airport with scheduled domestic and international flights is Cardiff Airport, 30 miles (48 km) south west of Newport.^[60]

In 2003, a proposal for a new Severnside airport near Newport was rejected by the Department for Transport. The airport would have featured runways on a man-made island in the Severn Estuary.^[61]

Bridges in Newport[link]

Newport Bridge 2011

Newport has nine public bridges spanning the River Usk, connecting the east and west of the city. From north to south they are: Caerleon Bridge, St. Julian's railway bridge, M4 motorway Usk bridge, Great Western Railway Usk bridge, Newport Bridge, Newport City footbridge, George Street Bridge, City Bridge and Transporter Bridge. In addition, the Twenty Ten Bridge at the Celtic Manor Resort is a private footbridge crossing the River Usk north of Caerleon Bridge.

Notable buildings and structures[link]

The façade of the former main Post Office, High Street

The Cenotaph, Clarence Place

See the following categories:

• Buildings and structures in Newport
• Landmarks in Newport
• Visitor attractions in Newport

Many of the landmarks of Newport are in Newport city centre or within a short walking distance of the centre; the Railway station, Bus station, Castle, Westgate Hotel, Market, Museum and Central Library, Cathedral, Transporter Bridge, Newport Bridge, Newport City footbridge, George Street Bridge, City Bridge, University of Wales, Riverfront Arts Centre, Dolman Theatre, Newport Centre, Civic Centre, Newport Technical Institute (former Art College), Shire Hall, Belle Vue Park, Rodney Parade, Newport Crown Court and Royal Gwent Hospital.

Other landmarks include:

• John Frost Square – shopping square named after the Chartist John Frost.
• Cenotaph, Newport – World War I and World War II memorial in Clarence Place.
• Main Post Office, Newport – retained façade of the former main Post Office building in High Street adjacent to the old Corn Exchange. A blue plaque states: "Site of Newport's first Head Post Office. Built in 1844 and rebuilt in 1907, the Edwardian façade being preserved in the total reconstruction of the island site in 2001. Once housed the town's first telephone exchange, known as The Savoy. Listed Grade II in 1985."
• Kings Hotel – former hotel in High Street dated c.1812, currently closed
• Newport Arcade – Victorian arcade linking High Street to Cambrian Road.
• Market Arcade – Victorian arcade linking High Street to Market Street.
• Ye Olde Murenger House – public house in High Street dated c.1530. The Murenger was the person in charge of the walls of a town or its repairs.
• Waterloo Hotel, Newport – Grade II-listed building in Alexandra Road, Pillgwenlly, currently operating as a bistro.
• Masonic Hall, Newport – Grade II-listed building at 109 Lower Dock Street.
• Burton Almshouses, Newport – Almhouses located on Friars Road, built 1900.
• The Old Rising Sun – former public house on Shaftesbury Street, Shaftesbury – currently being redeveloped as a restaurant.
• West Usk Lighthouse – operating as a hotel.
• Beechwood House – at Beechwood Park.
• Brynglas House – operating as an adult-education centre.
• St. Mary the Virgin – the 12th century parish church of Nash near Newport^[62] described by local historian Fred Hando as "the Cathedral of the Moors".^[63]
• Lysaght's Institute – former working men's club for steelworkers when the steel plant moved from Wolverhampton, currently under renovation, built 1928

Shopping[link]

Newport Arcade, High Street

See also Category:Shopping in Newport

City centre[link]

The main shopping streets of Newport city centre are pedestrianised and include High Street, Newport Arcade, Market Arcade, Commercial Street, Skinner Street, Bridge Street, Upper Dock Street, Market Street, Griffin Street, Corn Street, Cambrian Road, Hill Street, Llanarth Street and John Frost Square.

The five roads of Commercial Street, Stow Hill, Bridge Street, High Street and Skinner Street converge at Westgate Square (named after the Westgate Hotel) and this is generally regarded as the central point the city.

The Kingsway Shopping Centre is an indoor shopping mall. Newport Market is an indoor market on two floors with outlets for produce and general products.

Retail parks[link]

Outside of the city centre large retail parks are established off the Southern Distributor Road:

• Newport Retail Park is to the east at Liswerry – M4 motorway Junction 24 (Coldra), then A48 (Ringland Way/Spytty Road).
• Three retail parks (Harlech, Maesglas and 28 East) around Maesglas to the west of the city – M4 motorway Junction 28 (Tredegar Park), then A48.

Notable people[link]

Education[link]

See also Category:Education in Newport

Newport is home to the University of Wales, Newport which has two campuses in the city – one in Caerleon and the other in the Newport city centre. The university can trace its roots to the founding of the Newport Mechanics Institute in 1841. Newport School of Art, Media and Design was one of the first Art Schools to be awarded degree status in 1973 and enjoyed a high reputation in painting, Fine Art and sculpture throughout the 1960s and 1970s. It is still highly regarded however, especially in Documentary Photography.

Newport also has the further-education Coleg Gwent City of Newport Campus, informally known as Nash College, in Liswerry. Brynglas House is currently an Adult Education Centre.

Newport has eight state comprehensive schools, and one independent comprehensive school. All schools are governed by Newport Local Education Authority. Education is generally conducted in English language but in schools at least a mandatory Welsh language content must be provided under the Welsh education curriculum.

Newport has two Welsh-medium primary schools; Ysgol Gymraeg Casnewydd in Hartridge and Ysgol Gymraeg Ifor Hael in Bettws. Newport City Council have conducted recent consultations on demand for Welsh-medium education within the city and a third primary school is expected in the near future, as well as plans for a secondary school at some stage. The nearest Welsh-medium secondary school is Ysgol Gyfun Gwynllyw in Trevethin, Pontypool.

The Hartridge Football Academy is based at Hartridge High School. It was established in 1998 as a partnership of Newport County Football Club and Newport City Council. The academy has a development programme of around 50 students undertaking sporting qualifications. The students compete in the South West Counties League as Newport County's youth team.

Culture and arts[link]

Statue commemorating the work of W. H. Davies in Commercial Street, Newport

See also Category:Culture in Newport and Category:Music venues in Newport

Newport Transporter Bridge is one of the few remaining working bridges of its type in the world and featured in the film Tiger Bay. Visitors can travel on the suspended cradle most days and can walk over the top of the steel framework on bank holidays. The only other British example is Middlesbrough Transporter Bridge. Open days are occasionally held to view the renovation of the historically important Newport ship.

Newport has a modern purpose-built theatre and arts venue, the Riverfront Arts Centre and regular productions at the Dolman Theatre. People born in Newport include film director Peter Greenaway CBE, author Leslie Thomas OBE, actors Michael Sheen OBE, Desmond Llewelyn, and musicians Grant Nicholas and Jon Lee of the rock band Feeder.

The city's works of civic art include the giant steel Wave on the banks of the River Usk, tiled murals at the Civic Centre, Old Green Interchange and John Frost Square plus a number of statues dotted around the city centre including one in Commercial Street commemorating the work of poet W. H. Davies who was born in Newport. Davies is best known for his poem Leisure; "What is this life if, full of care, We have no time to stand and stare".

Newport has three major museums: Newport Museum in the city centre and at Caerleon the National Roman Legion Museum and Roman Baths Museum. Newport Central Library is located within Newport Museum. In July each year an Arts festival is held in Caerleon and Roman Military re-enactment in the amphitheatre, the largest restored amphitheatre in Britain. The remains of the Roman baths, barracks and fortress walls of Isca Augusta can be seen at Caerleon. Caerleon also has literary associations to the legend of King Arthur through Geoffrey of Monmouth and later Arthur Machen (who was born in Caerleon) and Alfred Lord Tennyson wrote his Idylls of the King in Caerleon.

The Newport Festival runs throughout the summer months with a large number of events being staged in the city centre and elsewhere in the city.^[64]

Set in a 90 acre (360,000 m²) park, Tredegar House is an example of a 17th century Charles II mansion. The earliest surviving part of the building dates back to the late 15th century. For over five hundred years, it was home to the Morgans – later Lords Tredegar – until they left in 1951. The house was then bought by the Catholic Church and used as a girls' school until it was bought by the council in 1974, which led to it being described as the "grandest council house in Britain".^[65]

The city has many pubs, bars and nightclubs. The most famous of these was probably T. J.'s, an alternative music club where it is claimed that Kurt Cobain of Nirvana proposed to Courtney Love, which closed in 2010.^[66] T. J.'s was voted one of the top 50 'Big Nights Out' in the world by FHM in December 1997.^{[citation needed]} Newport Centre and the Riverfront Arts Centre are popular concert venues. Other live music venues in the city centre include Six Feet Under, Le Pub, Riverside Tavern and The Potters. Outdoor music events are held in the summer months at Beechwood Park, Belle Vue Park, Newport Stadium and the Pillgwenlly carnival.

Newport hosted the National Eisteddfod of Wales in 1897, 1988 and 2004.

City of Newport Male Choir^[67] is one of the leading male voice choirs in the region and has discussed touring with Diversions the Dance Company of Wales.^{[citation needed]}

Newport is the subject of a 2010 song "Newport (Ymerodraeth State of Mind)",^[68] a parody of the Alicia Keys song "Empire State of Mind." The video went viral, was featured on BBC News,^[69] and by August 2010, nearly 2.5 million people had watched it on YouTube. YouTube removed the video due to a copyright claim by music publishers.^[70][71] Newport-based rap group Goldie Lookin Chain released a 'parody of a parody' video in response, alleging that their rivals lacked local knowledge.^[72]

As part of the city's "Big Splash" festival, on 30 August 2010, 45 year-old French circus star Olivier Roustan from Toulouse, performed the highest ever wirewalk in Europe, along the top cable of the Newport City Footbridge.^[73]