The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/CEO
Monday, 23 July 2012
ceo - Come With Me
Developing the CEO Within You
Kenny Powers - K-Swiss CEO video (Uncensored)
Facebook CEO visits Harvard
Apple CEO Tim Cook Talks Steve Jobs, Apple Innovation and More - D10 Conference
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, interviewed at Gartner Symposium/ITxpo Orlando 2009
GE CEO: Root For Corporations!
Wells Fargo CEO:
JAL CEO Cuts Pay
ceo - halo [beyonce cover]
Michael Jordan vs. CEO John Rogers
ceo - white magic

Ceo

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ceo - Come With Me/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 30 May 2010
  • Duration: 3:52
  • Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Author: misscaliforniastars
From the album, "White Magic."
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/ceo - Come With Me/video details
Developing the CEO Within You/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 03 Nov 2008
  • Duration: 9:12
  • Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Author: HarvardBusiness
An interview with Joseph L. Bower, Professor, Harvard Business School. To become an effective CEO, work for companies committed to leadership development, and take responsibility for your own development on the job.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Developing the CEO Within You/video details
Kenny Powers - K-Swiss CEO video (Uncensored)/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 11 Jul 2011
  • Duration: 4:58
  • Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Author: kfpisreal
Amazing. Kenny Powers becomes CEO of K-Swiss, and enlists the help of Michael Bay, Matt Cassel, Jillian Michaels, MMA Champion Jon "Bones" New video ft. Matt Cassel - www.youtube.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Kenny Powers - K-Swiss CEO video (Uncensored)/video details
Facebook CEO visits Harvard/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 07 Nov 2011
  • Duration: 1:56
  • Updated: 15 Jun 2012
Author: Harvard
Former Harvard student and Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg stopped by his old stomping grounds to answer a few questions.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Facebook CEO visits Harvard/video details
Apple CEO Tim Cook Talks Steve Jobs, Apple Innovation and More - D10 Conference/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 30 May 2012
  • Duration: 17:00
  • Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Author: WSJDigitalNetwork
Tim Cook learned a lot from Steve Jobs, and one of the big takeaways seems to be: Don't tip your hand. The Apple CEO was unwilling to tackle questions about any future product plans during his first appearance on the D10 stage Wednesday night. Watch Tim Cook discuss Facebook relationship HERE: bit.ly Tim Cook gives Apple TV hints HERE: bit.ly Subscribe to WSJ Live HERE: bit.ly WSJ Live brings you original programming from The Wall Street Journal. Get news directly from The Wall Street Journal's 2000 reporters across the globe. With exclusive video and daily live programming, you can stay on top of the latest in news, elections, markets, tech, opinion and lifestlye.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Apple CEO Tim Cook Talks Steve Jobs, Apple Innovation and More - D10 Conference/video details
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, interviewed at Gartner Symposium/ITxpo Orlando 2009/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 27 Oct 2009
  • Duration: 45:05
  • Updated: 09 Jun 2012
Author: Gartnervideo
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, interviewed by Gartner analysts Whit Andrews and Hung LeHong in front of 5000 CIOs and IT Directors at Gartner Symposium/ITxpo Orlando 2009.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, interviewed at Gartner Symposium/ITxpo Orlando 2009/video details
GE CEO: Root For Corporations!/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 11 Oct 2011
  • Duration: 3:33
  • Updated: 17 May 2012
Author: TheYoungTurks
General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt, head of President Obama's Council on Jobs and Competitiveness, made some questionable comments in a recent 60 Minutes interview. The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur breaks it down. The Young Turks on Current TV: current.com The Largest Online New Show in the World. Google+: www.gplus.to Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com Support TYT for FREE: bit.ly
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/GE CEO: Root For Corporations!/video details
Wells Fargo CEO:
  • Order:
  • Published: 10 Nov 2009
  • Duration: 54:02
  • Updated: 26 May 2012
Author: stanfordbusiness
As part of the Stanford GSB View From The Top series, Dick Kovacevich, chairman of Wells Fargo, reflects on the lessons he has learned in the 40 years since he left business school. He also describes the management principles that he has used to guide Wells Fargo up to and through the financial crisis. Related news article: www.gsb.stanford.edu Recorded: Nov. 5, 2009 as part of the Stanford Graduate School of Business View from the Top speaker series Center for Leadership Development and Research: www.gsb.stanford.edu
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Wells Fargo CEO: "What I've Learned Since Business School"/video details
JAL CEO Cuts Pay/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 29 Dec 2008
  • Duration: 2:21
  • Updated: 14 Jun 2012
Author: theorganicgardener
A CNN video feature on Japan Airlines CEO who cuts his pay to save company costs and improve revenue, and keep people employed!
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/JAL CEO Cuts Pay/video details
ceo - halo [beyonce cover]/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 15 Dec 2010
  • Duration: 5:16
  • Updated: 16 Jun 2012
Author: dolcen
www.sincerelyyours.se / please, max the volume buy @ www.klicktrack.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/ceo - halo [beyonce cover]/video details
Michael Jordan vs. CEO John Rogers/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 13 Nov 2008
  • Duration: 3:38
  • Updated: 16 Jun 2012
Author: WSJDigitalNetwork
For more sports videos, go to www.wsj.com/video. Ariel Investments CEO and Chairman John Rogers takes on basketball legend Michael Jordan in a game of one-on-one. From August 2003. Video courtesy of John Rogers. Edited by Lauren Goode.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Michael Jordan vs. CEO John Rogers/video details
ceo - white magic/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 20 Mar 2012
  • Duration: 4:39
  • Updated: 08 Jun 2012
Author: MrIonB
www.ceoceoceoceoceo.com ceo's debut album 'white magic' was released on June 29 2010, preceded by the single Come With Me.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/ceo - white magic/video details
CEO Bankruptcy Bonus/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 28 Jan 2012
  • Duration: 5:57
  • Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Author: TheYoungTurks
Some CEOs get bonuses even when their corporations go bankrupt according to a report in the Wall Street Journal. The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur breaks it down. online.wsj.com Subscribe to The Young Turks: bit.ly Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com The Largest Online New Show in the World. Google+: www.gplus.to Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/CEO Bankruptcy Bonus/video details
Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz Interview with Michael Arrington at Tech Crunch Disrupt/video details
  • Order:
  • Published: 25 May 2010
  • Duration: 25:48
  • Updated: 25 Apr 2012
Author: zennie62
www.sfgate.com - zennie2005.blogspot.com - Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz Interview with Michael Arrington at Tech Crunch Disrupt
http://web.archive.org./web/20120724011346/http://wn.com/Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz Interview with Michael Arrington at Tech Crunch Disrupt/video details
  • ceo - Come With Me...3:52
  • Developing the CEO Within You...9:12
  • Kenny Powers - K-Swiss CEO video (Uncensored)...4:58
  • Facebook CEO visits Harvard...1:56
  • Apple CEO Tim Cook Talks Steve Jobs, Apple Innovation and More - D10 Conference...17:00
  • Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, interviewed at Gartner Symposium/ITxpo Orlando 2009...45:05
  • GE CEO: Root For Corporations!...3:33
  • Wells Fargo CEO: "What I've Learned Since Business School"...54:02
  • JAL CEO Cuts Pay...2:21
  • ceo - halo [beyonce cover]...5:16
  • Michael Jordan vs. CEO John Rogers...3:38
  • ceo - white magic...4:39
  • CEO Bankruptcy Bonus...5:57
  • Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz Interview with Michael Arrington at Tech Crunch Disrupt...25:48
From the album, "White Magic."
3:52
ceo - Come With Me
From the album, "White Magic."...
pub­lished: 30 May 2010
9:12
De­vel­op­ing the CEO With­in You
An in­ter­view with Joseph L. Bower, Pro­fes­sor, Har­vard Busi­ness School. To be­come an ef­fect...
pub­lished: 03 Nov 2008
4:58
Kenny Pow­ers - K-Swiss CEO video (Un­cen­sored)
Amaz­ing. Kenny Pow­ers be­comes CEO of K-Swiss, and en­lists the help of Michael Bay, Matt Ca...
pub­lished: 11 Jul 2011
au­thor: kf­pis­re­al
1:56
Face­book CEO vis­its Har­vard
For­mer Har­vard stu­dent and Face­book CEO Mark Zucker­berg stopped by his old stomp­ing ground...
pub­lished: 07 Nov 2011
au­thor: Har­vard
17:00
Apple CEO Tim Cook Talks Steve Jobs, Apple In­no­va­tion and More - D10 Con­fer­ence
Tim Cook learned a lot from Steve Jobs, and one of the big take­aways seems to be: Don'...
pub­lished: 30 May 2012
45:05
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, in­ter­viewed at Gart­ner Sym­po­sium/ITxpo Or­lan­do 2009
Eric Schmidt, CEO of Google, in­ter­viewed by Gart­ner an­a­lysts Whit An­drews and Hung LeHong ...
pub­lished: 27 Oct 2009
au­thor: Gart­nervideo
3:33
GE CEO: Root For Cor­po­ra­tions!
Gen­er­al Elec­tric CEO Jeff Im­melt, head of Pres­i­dent Obama's Coun­cil on Jobs and Com­pet...
pub­lished: 11 Oct 2011
54:02
Wells Fargo CEO: "What I've Learned Since Busi­ness School"
As part of the Stan­ford GSB View From The Top se­ries, Dick Ko­vace­vich, chair­man of Wells F...
pub­lished: 10 Nov 2009
2:21
JAL CEO Cuts Pay
A CNN video fea­ture on Japan Air­lines CEO who cuts his pay to save com­pa­ny costs and impro...
pub­lished: 29 Dec 2008
5:16
ceo - halo [be­y­once cover]
www.​sincerelyyours.​se / please, max the vol­ume buy @ www.​klicktrack.​com...
pub­lished: 15 Dec 2010
au­thor: dol­cen
3:38
Michael Jor­dan vs. CEO John Rogers
For more sports videos, go to www.​wsj.​com/​video.​ Ariel In­vest­ments CEO and Chair­man John R...
pub­lished: 13 Nov 2008
4:39
ceo - white magic
www.​ceoceoceoceoceo.​com ceo's debut album 'white magic' was re­leased on June 2...
pub­lished: 20 Mar 2012
au­thor: MrI­onB
5:57
CEO Bankrupt­cy Bonus
Some CEOs get bonus­es even when their cor­po­ra­tions go bankrupt ac­cord­ing to a re­port in th...
pub­lished: 28 Jan 2012
25:48
Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz In­ter­view with Michael Ar­ring­ton at Tech Crunch Dis­rupt
www.​sfgate.​com - zennie2005.​blogspot.​com - Yahoo CEO Carol Bartz In­ter­view with Michael Ar...
pub­lished: 25 May 2010
au­thor: zen­nie62
12:16
Evan Williams, Twit­ter CEO, In­ter­viewed
We in­ter­view the head of Twit­ter, Evan Williams, about Twit­ters im­pact, busi­ness model and...
pub­lished: 10 Apr 2009
au­thor: re­vi­sion3
1:30
Buf­fett, Moody's CEO: We Didn't See the Bub­ble
Tes­ti­fy­ing be­fore the Fi­nan­cial Cri­sis In­quiry Com­mis­sion, bil­lion­aire in­vestor War­ren Buf...
pub­lished: 02 Jun 2010
43:52
Her­mitage CEO Brow­der: Don't In­vest in Rus­sia Today
Bill Brow­der, MBA '89, founder and CEO, talks about Her­mitage Cap­i­tal Man­age­ment's...
pub­lished: 04 Nov 2009
9:40
In­ter­view: Nokia CEO Stephen Elop
Our own Joshua Topol­sky just sat down with Nokia CEO Stephen Elop to dis­cuss the com­pa­ny&#...
pub­lished: 10 Jan 2012
au­thor: TheV­erge
32:47
- Music - John Mac­Far­lane - CEO of Sonos
In the 18th episode of This Week in Music, Ian Rogers sits down with John Mac­Far­lane of So...
pub­lished: 17 Nov 2011
au­thor: ThisWeekIn
7:18
Meet Thorsten Heins the New Pres­i­dent and CEO of Re­search In Mo­tion
Meet Thorsten Heins, the new Pres­i­dent and CEO of Re­search In Mo­tion. To hear more from Th...
pub­lished: 23 Jan 2012
au­thor: Black­Ber­ry
5:29
Steve Jobs Re­signs as Apple CEO
CEO of one of the world's hottest com­pa­nies makes a sur­prise an­nounce­ment....
pub­lished: 25 Aug 2011
au­thor: ABC­News
8:07
Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf Mic Checked at NC State by Oc­cu­py on 11/30/11 - Oc­cu­py Raleigh Day 47
READ EN­TIRE MIC CHECK SCRIPT BELOW: Mic Check! Mic Check! John Stumpf We won't take yo...
pub­lished: 01 Dec 2011
au­thor: eye­wal­l41




  • In this Oct. 14, 2011 file photo, News Corp. CEO Rupert Murdoch delivers a keynote address at the National Summit on Education Reform in San Francisco. If the phone hacking scandal gripping Rupert Murdoch's News Corp. empire has a familiar ring, it might be because you've heard the story before. Scrappy outsider turns modest newspaper business into international media conglomerate. Ambition turns to hubris.
    AP / Noah Berger, File
  • In this Monday, Dec. 7, 2009, file photo, Marissa Mayer, VP of Search Products and User Experience for Google, speaks in Mountain View, Calif. Yahoo announced Monday, July 16, 2012, it is hiring Mayer to be its next CEO, the fifth in five years as the company struggles to rebound from years of financial malaise and internal turmoil.
    AP / Marcio Jose Sanchez, File
  • This Monday, July 16, 2012 photo shows the Yahoo headquarters in Sunnyvale, Calif. Yahoo is hiring longtime Google executive Marissa Mayer to be its next CEO, the fifth in five years as the company struggles to rebound from financial malaise and internal turmoil.
    AP / Paul Sakuma
  • Mountain View, Calif. Yahoo announced Monday, July 16, 2012, it is hiring Mayer to be its next CEO, the fifth in five years as the company struggles to rebound from years of financial malaise and internal turmoil. Mayer, who starts at Yahoo Inc. on Tuesday, July 17, 2012, was one of Google’s earliest employees and was most recently responsible for its mapping, local and location services.
    AP / Marcio Jose Sanchez, File
  • Press Conference on the impact of Rio+20 on the future of development cooperation. (L to R) Participants: Heikki Holmas, Minister of International Development, Norway; Joanna Kerr, CEO, Action Aid International; and Lakshmi Puri, Deputy Executive Director, UN Women
    UN / Devra Berkowitz
  • Varian corporate headquarters is in Palo Alto, California. Timothy Guertin has been the CEO since 2006 when he replaced Richard M. Levy, who had been with Varian for 37 years and still serves as chairman of the board of directors.
    Creative Commons / BrokenSphere
  • Mike S. Zafirovski, CEO of Nortel Networks and Board of Directors at Boeing.
    Creative Commons / James38
  • Hammer at the Ghana Music Awards with Ghanaian hip hop designer Ekpe, Ceo of EKpe impression and e jeans.
    Creative Commons / ekpe impression
  • Ren Zhengfei, CEO of Huawei Technologies, speaks at the International economic forum in St. Petersburg, Russia, Friday, June 22, 2012. President Vladimir Putin said Thursday that reforming Russia's economy is his top priority. Business leaders welcomed the commitment, but noted that such pledges have been made before and need to be backed up by action.
    AP / Dmitry Lovetsky
  • The Union Minister for Commerce & Industry and Textiles, Shri Anand Sharma with the CEO & President, IKEA, Mr. Mikael Ohlsson, in St. Petersburg on June 22, 2012.
    PIB of India
  • Microsoft CEO Steve Ballmer unveils
    AP / Damian Dovarganes
  • Arkady Volozh, CEO of Yandex, attends his company's initial public offering at the Nasdaq MarketSite, Tuesday, May 24, 2011 in New York. Yandex is a Russian internet search company.
    AP / Mark Lennihan
  • ATR 42 (N4209G) of Pan Am Express at Sylt Airport, 1991. After serving only two months as Pan Am's CEO, Ray was replaced by Peter McHugh to supervise the sale of Pan Am's remaining assets by Pan Am's Creditor's Committee
    Creative Commons / Aavindraa
  • EU vice president Antonio Tajani smiles as Thomas Donohue, president and CEO of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce, speaks at a roundtable with US companies hosted by the US Chamber of Commerce and the Transatlantic Business Dialogue in Washington DC
    EC / European Commssion
  • President Barack Obama wth Vice President Joe Biden speaks with CEO of Namaste Solar Electric, Inc., Blake Jones, while looking at solar panels at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science in Denver, Col., Feb. 17, 2009.
    Public Domain / The White House from Washington, DC
  • Liu Jun, senior vice president at Lenovo, introduces an Intel based smartphone with Intel president and CEO Paul Otellini during the 2012 International CES tradeshow, Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2012, in Las Vegas.
    AP / Julie Jacobson
  • Rupert Murdoch, chairman and CEO of News Corp., leaves after attending the funeral service for journalist Marie Colvin, Monday, March 12, 2012 at St. Dominic Roman Catholic Church in Oyster Bay, N.Y. The 56-year-old Colvin was a longtime reporter for Britain's Sunday Times. She and French photographer Remi Ochlik were killed Feb. 22 in shelling in Homs, Syria.
    AP / Mark Lennihan
  • The residence for the CEO of Kemi Oy in Karihaara, Kemi, Finland.
    Public Domain / Estormiz
  • The residence for the CEO of Kemi Oy in Karihaara, Kemi, Finland.
    Public Domain / Estormiz
  • MEC store in Edmonton. MEC's growth has been slow and methodical over the last 30 years. During Peter Robinson's tenure as CEO from 2000 to 2007,[22] the chain targeted one new store opening per year.
    Creative Commons / Simon Law
  • File - Rupert Murdoch, chairman and CEO of News Corp., leaves after attending the funeral service for journalist Marie Colvin, Monday, March 12, 2012 at St. Dominic Roman Catholic Church in Oyster Bay, N.Y.
    AP / Mark Lennihan
  • Mr.Deepak Roy ,Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy ,Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy ,Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy , Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers and Mr Roopak Chaturvedi , Chief Sales and Marketing Officer Allied Benders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy ,Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy ,Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy ,Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Mr.Deepak Roy , Executive Vice Chairman and CEO , Allied Blenders & Distillers during the Launch New
    WN / Bhaskar Mallick
  • Jim Balsillie, Co-CEO of Research In Motion, RIM, maker of BlackBerry, presents the BlackBerry PlayBook as he provides an update on the latest BlackBerry product developments during the GITEX exhibition in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, Monday Oct. 18, 2010.
    AP / Kamran Jebreili


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photo: AP / Emil Salman
Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu gives a statement about an attack that killed five Israeli tourists in Bulgaria, in Jerusalem, Thursday, July 19, 2012.
WorldNews.com
22 Jul 2012
Article by WN.com Guest Writer Gilad Atzmon Just hours after the attack on Israeli tourists in Bulgaria, Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu and his Defence Minister Ehud Barak were quick to announce that...



photo: AP / Orlin Wagner
In this Tuesday, Feb. 21, 2012 photo, oil field workers drill into the Gypsum Hills near Medicine Lodge, Kan. An emerging oil boom has been sparked by modern technologies using horizontal drilling and a technique known as hydraulic fracturing, or “fracking.”
WorldNews.com
23 Jul 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling With tears streaming down her face, the young girl quietly leaves the room. Her mother sits on a sofa and softly sobs into a jumbled clump of wet...



photo: AP / Mikhail Metzel
File - A man poses for a photograph with a model near the Cadillac Escalade displayed for sale at the opening night of the Millionaire Fair in Moscow, Thursday night, Nov. 27, 2008.
Canberra Times
22 Jul 2012
Oil-rich states with an internationally mobile elite have been especially prone to watching their wealth disappear into offshore bank accounts. A GLOBAL super-rich elite has exploited gaps in...



photo: US Army file/Pvt. Ralph Forney
 At the German concentration camp at Wobbelin, many inmates were found by the U.S. Ninth Army in pitiful condition. Here one of them breaks out in tears when he finds he is not leaving with the first group to the hospital. Germany, 05/04/1945
WorldNews.com
22 Jul 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling The liberation of the Nazi death camps near the end of World War II was unfortunately not a priority objective for Allied forces. Neither was it a...



photo: AP
This citizen journalist image shows Syrians walking past destroyed vehicles after fighting between rebels and Syrian troops in the Yarmouk camp for Palestinian refugees in south Damascus, Syria, Saturday, July 21, 2012.
The Washington Times
23 Jul 2012
Related Stories BEIRUT (AP) — The Syrian regime threatened Monday to use its chemical and biological weapons in case of a foreign attack, in its first ever acknowledgement that it possesses...





photo: AP /Paul Sakuma
 Google co-founder Larry Page smiles at news conference at Google headquarters in Mountain View, Calif., Tuesday, June 12, 1007 to announce an industry initiative aimed at making the world´s computers and servers more energy-efficient. Several tech
Newstrack India
21 Jul 2012
Tweet London, July 21 (ANI): Google CEO Larry Page's absence from the company's quarterly earnings conference call on Thursday, has again sparked concerns about his long-term health and how it will...



photo: European Community
 Viviane Reding, Member of the EC in charge of Information Society and Media and Charlie McCreevy, Member of the EC in charge of Internal Market and Services receive Barry Meyer, CEO of Warner Bros . ula1
The Los Angeles Times
21 Jul 2012
Warner Bros.Chief Executive and Chairman Barry Meyer sent the following email to employees Friday afternoon following the early-morning massacre at a screening of the Burbank studio's movie "The Dark...



photo: AP Photo / Nell Redmond, File
** FILE ** A man walks in front of Duke Energy Corporate Headquarters in a Charlotte, N.C. file photo from Feb. 1, 2006. A federal lawsuit accuses Duke Energy Corp. of paying kickbacks to big companies in the Cincinnati area to win their support for a rate hike that has cost small businesses and homeowners millions of dollars. Lawyers who filed the suit Wednesday, Jan. 16,2008, said Duke has paid as much as $100 million in rebates since 2004 to its biggest customers as part of the scheme. (AP Photo/Nell Redmond, File)hg3
The Washington Post
20 Jul 2012
RALEIGH, N.C.Duke Energy Corp. displayed “buyer’s remorse” a year into efforts to take over Progress Energy Inc. and tried to back out when a federal agency insisted that...



  • Scoop Tuesday, 24 July 2012, 12:25 pm Article: BusinessDesk NZ Refining appoints Shell's Sjoerd Post as new CEO July 24 (BusinessDesk) - The New Zealand Refining Company has appointed a senior Shell executive, Sjoerd Post, as chief executive to suceed Ken Rivers. As previously announced, Rivers plans to...
  • Sacramento Bee LOS ANGELES -- Facing sliding sales and a racial-discrimination lawsuit, teen retailer Wet Seal Inc. has ousted Chief Executive Susan McGalla and started searching for a replacement. In the interim, the company said Monday that it will be steered by Chairman Hal Kahn, President Ken Seipel and Chief...
  • Chicago Tribune (Reuters) - U.S. bookstore chain Barnes & Noble Inc has been forced to retract 500,000 stock options issued to Chief Executive William Lynch after breaking its own rules on the amount of options it can...
  • CNBC (Reuters) - Women's apparel retailer The Wet Seal Inc <WTSLA.O> fired Chief Executive Susan McGalla after the company's same-store sales fell for eleven months in a row, sending its shares down as much as 18 percent. Wet Seal said same-store sales will decline between 10 percent and 11 percent...
  • CNBC (Reuters) - When Lex Fenwick started his job as CEO of Dow Jones & Co more than five months ago, he found it strange that one of Wall Street's most historic and well-known brands did not have a direct pipeline into Wall Street itself. The 130-year-old publisher of Dow Jones Newswires relies on...
  • Papua New Guinea Post AUSTRALIA and New Zealand Banking Group Limited (ANZ) at the weekend announced the appointment of Mark Baker as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) PNG and Pacific North West. Mr Baker officially took up his role at the weekend, reporting to CEO Pacific, Michael...
  • The Hollywood Reporter share Getty Images Barry Meyer and Michelle Obama The president's re-election campaign adds three L.A. dates in August featuring the first lady and vice president. First Lady Michelle Obama and Vice President Joe Biden are both scheduled to hit the Los Angeles fundraising scene next month, and the...
  • Next 10 more news on: Ceo

    A chief executive officer (CEO, American English), managing director (MD, British English),[1] executive director (ED, American English) for non-profit organizations, or chief executive is the highest-ranking corporate officer (executive) or administrator in charge of total management of an organization. An individual appointed as a CEO of a corporation, company, organization, or agency typically reports to the board of directors.

    Contents

    Responsibilities[link]

    The responsibilities of an organization's CEO (US) or MD (UK) are set by the organization's board of directors or other authority, depending on the organization's legal structure. They can be far-reaching or quite limited and are typically enshrined in a formal delegation of authority.

    Typically, the CEO/MD has responsibilities as a communicator, decision maker, leader, and manager. The communicator role can involve the press and the rest of the outside world, as well as the organization's management and employees; the decision-making role involves high-level decisions about policy and strategy. As a leader, the CEO/MD advises the board of directors, motivates employees, and drives change within the organization. As a manager, the CEO/MD presides over the organization's day-to-day, month-to-month, and year-to-year operations.[2]

    International use[link]

    In some European Union countries, there are two separate boards, one executive board for the day-to-day business and one supervisory board for control purposes (selected by the shareholders). In these countries, the CEO presides over the executive board and the chairman presides over the supervisory board, and these two roles will always be held by different people. This ensures a distinction between management by the executive board and governance by the supervisory board. This allows for clear lines of authority. The aim is to prevent a conflict of interest and too much power being concentrated in the hands of one person. In the United States, the board of directors (elected by the shareholders) is often equivalent to the supervisory board, while the executive board may often be known as the executive committee (the division/subsidiary heads and C-level officers that report directly to the CEO).

    In other parts of the world, such as Asia, it is possible to have two or three CEOs in charge of one corporation. In the UK, many charities and government agencies are headed by a chief executive who answers to a board of trustees or board of directors. In the UK, similar to a sizable percentage of public companies in the US, the chairman of the board in public companies is more senior than the chief executive (who is usually known as the managing director).

    The following presents an alphabetical list of some international common terms for the CEO position:

    • Albanian: Administrator i Përgjithshëm
    • Arabic: الرئيس التنفيذي‎ (eg)Al-Ra'ees Al-Tanfizi / (sa)Al-Ra'ees Al-Tanfithee (Chief Executive)
    • Australia: general manager (GM) (or also managing director (MD), but only when the executive officeholder is also a member of the board of directors)
    • Belarusian: Генеральны дырэктар
    • Bengali: মহাপরিচালক/ব্যবস্থাপনা পরিচালক/প্রধান নির্বাহী কর্মকর্তা (Director General/GM/MD/CEO)
    • Bosnian: Generalni direktor / Izvršni direktor
    • Bulgarian: Генерален директор / Изпълнителен директор Generalen direktor/Izpalnitelen direktor
    • Chinese: 首席执行官 / 行政總裁 Shǒuxí zhíxíng guān / xíngzhèng zǒngcái (Chief Executive Officer)
    • Croatian: Izvršni direktor
    • Czech: Generální ředitel/Výkonný ředitel
    • Danish: Administrerende Direktør (administrating director) (Adm.Dir.)
    • Dutch: Algemeen Directeur (general manager)
    • Estonian: Tegevdirektor (executive director)
    • Finnish: Toimitusjohtaja (executive director) (TJ)
    • French: Président-directeur général (chairman & chief executive) (PDG)
    • Galician: Director Executivo / Director xeral
    • German: Geschäftsführer (GmbH) or German: Vorstand (AG)
    • Georgian: გენერალური დირექტორი (General director)
    • Greek: Διευθύνων Σύμβουλος Diefthinon Symvoulos (Managing Director)
    • Hebrew: מנכ"ל/מנהל כלליMankal/Menahel Klali (DG/Director General)
    • Hungarian: ügyvezető igazgató
    • Icelandic: Forstjóri / Framkvæmdastjóri
    • Hindi: मुख्य कार्यकारी अधिकारी
    • India: CEO or managing director (MD)
    • Indonesian: Presiden Direktur (Presdir) or, increasingly less common, Direktur Utama (Dirut) Direktur-Direksi (term based on Law nr. 40 / 2007)
    • Irish: Príomhoifigeach Feidhmiúcháin (POF)
    • Italian: Amministratore Delegato (delegated administrator) (AD)
    • Japanese: 最高経営責任者 Saikō-keiei-sekinin-sha (Chief Executive Officer)
    • Korean: 최고경영책임자 choe-go-gyeong-young-chek-ime-ja (Chief Executive Officer)
    • Kurdish: Serokê/a Pêkanîna Civatê
    • Latvian: Valdes priekšsēdētājs (chairman of the board)
    • Lithuanian: Generalinis direktorius (general director)
    • Macedonian: Извршен директор (izvrshen direktor - executive director) or also Macedonian: Генерален директор (generalen direktor - general director)
    • Maltese: Kap eżekuttiv (Chief Executive)
    • Mongolian: Ерөнхий захирал, Ерөнхийлөгч, Гүйцэтгэх захирал
    • Norwegian: Administrerende Direktør (administrating director) (adm. dir.)
    • Persian: مدیر عاملModir Aamel (Chief Executive)
    • Pakistan|چیف ایگزیکٹو آفیسر}} Chif Igzikutu Afisr (Chief Executive Officer/Managing Director)
    • Polish: Dyrektor Generalny (general director)
    • Portuguese: Diretor executivo / Diretor-geral / Presidente / Administrador-delegado
    • Romanian: Președintele consiliului de administrație (PCA)
    • Russian: Генеральный директор, Главный исполнительный директор (generalnyi direktor – general director)
    • Serbian: Генерални директор / Извршни директор (управник)
    • Sinhala: ප්‍රධාන විධායක නිලධාරී / කළමනාකාර අධ්‍යක්ෂක (CEO / MD)
    • Slovak: Generálny riaditeľ
    • Slovene: Generalni direktor / Izvršni direktor
    • Spanish: director ejecutivo, director general, gerente general o consejero delegado (executive director)
    • Somali: Maamule Guud / Agaasime (CEO / MG)
    • Swedish: verkställande direktör (VD)
    • Tamil: தலைமை நிறைவேற்று அலுவலர் / முகாமைத்துவ இயக்குநர் (CEO / MD)
    • Telugu: ముఖ్య కార్యనిర్వాహక అధికారి / నిర్వాహకుడు (CEO / MD)
    • Thai: ประธานบริหาร / กรรมการผู้จัดการ (CEO / MD)
    • Tagalog: Punong Tagapagpaganap (CEO / PT)
    • Turkish: Genel Müdür, Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı
    • Ukrainian: Головний виконавчий директор (Holovnyi vykonavchyi dyrektor - Head executive director), also Генеральний директор (Heneral'nyi dyrektor – General director)
    • Urdu: چیف ایگزیکٹو آفیسر Chif Igzikutu Afisr (Chief Executive Officer)
    • Vietnamese: Giám đốc điều hành
    • Malay: Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif, Pengarah Urusan, Pengarah Eksekutif
    • Swahili: Meneja Mkuu

    In the United States, and in business, the executive officers are usually the top officers of a corporation, the chief executive officer (CEO) being the best-known type. The definition varies; for instance, the California Corporate Disclosure Act defines "Executive Officers" as the five most highly compensated officers not also sitting on the board of directors. In the case of a sole proprietorship, an executive officer is the sole proprietor. In the case of a partnership, an executive officer is a managing partner, senior partner, or administrative partner. In the case of a limited liability company, an executive officer is any member, manager, or officer.

    Related positions[link]

    Typically, a CEO has several subordinate executives, each of whom has specific functional responsibilities.

    Common associates include a chief business development officer (CBDO), chief financial officer (CFO), chief operating officer (COO), chief marketing officer (CMO), chief information officer (CIO), chief communications officer (CCO), chief legal officer (CLO), chief technology officer (CTO), chief risk officer (CRO), chief creative officer (CCO), chief compliance officer (CCO), chief audit executive (CAE), chief diversity officer (CDO), or chief human resources officer (CHRO).

    Hospitals and healthcare organizations also often include a chief medical officer (CMO), a chief nursing officer (CNO), and a chief medical informatics officer (CMIO).

    In the United Kingdom the term 'director' is used instead of 'chief officer'. Associates include the audit executive, business development director, chief executive, compliance director, creative director, director of communications, diversity director, financial director, human resources director, information technology director, legal affairs director, managing director (MD), marketing director, operations director and technical director.

    See also[link]

    References[link]

    1. ^ Professional English in Use – Finance, Ian MacKenzie, Cambridge University Press, 2006, p.16
    2. ^ Capstone Publishing (2003). The Capstone Encyclopaedia of Business. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Publishing. pp. 79–80. ISBN [[Special:BookSources/18421120537|18421120537]]. 

    External links[link]

    http://wn.com/Chief_executive_officer

    Related pages:

    http://ru.wn.com/CEO

    http://de.wn.com/Chief Executive Officer

    http://it.wn.com/Amministratore delegato

    http://es.wn.com/Director ejecutivo




    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_executive_officer

    This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


    Tim Cook

    Cook at the Macworld Expo in 2009
    Born Timothy D. Cook
    (1960-11-01) November 1, 1960 (age 51)
    Robertsdale, Alabama
    United States
    Alma mater Auburn University (B.S.)
    Duke University (M.B.A.)
    Occupation CEO, Apple
    Board member of Apple
    Nike (2005—present)

    Timothy D. “Tim” Cook (born November 1, 1960) is the CEO of Apple.[1] Cook joined Apple in March 1998[2] as SVP of Worldwide Operations and also served as EVP of Worldwide Sales and Operations and was COO[3] until he was named the CEO of Apple on August 24, 2011, succeeding Steve Jobs, who died on October 5, 2011, from pancreatic cancer. Cook had previously served as acting CEO of Apple after Jobs began a medical leave in January 2011.[4]

    In early 2012, he was awarded compensation of 1 million shares, vesting in 2021, by Apple's Board of Directors.[5] As of April 2012, these shares are valued at US $600 million, making him the world's highest paid CEO.[6]

    Contents

    Early years[link]

    Cook grew up in Robertsdale, Alabama, near Mobile. His father was a shipyard worker, while his mother was a homemaker. Cook graduated from high school at Robertsdale High School, earned a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Auburn University in 1982,[7] and his M.B.A. from Duke University's Fuqua School of Business in 1988.[8]

    Career[link]

    Cook spent six months at Compaq as VP for Corporate Materials before he was hired by Steve Jobs to join Apple in 1998. He initially served as Senior Vice President for Worldwide Operations.[2] Prior to that, Cook served as the chief operating officer (COO) of the computer reseller division of Intelligent Electronics and spent 12 years in IBM's personal computer business as the director of North American Fulfillment.[2]

    Cook is credited with pulling Apple out of manufacturing by closing factories and warehouses around the world. This helped the company reduce inventory levels and streamline its supply chain, dramatically increasing margins.[9] In January 2007, Cook was promoted to COO.[10]

    Cook served as Apple CEO for two months in 2004, when Jobs was recovering from pancreatic cancer surgery. In 2009, Cook again served as Apple CEO for several months while Jobs took a leave of absence for a liver transplant.

    In January 2011, Apple's Board of Directors approved a third medical leave of absence requested by Jobs. During that time, Cook was responsible for most of Apple’s day-to-day operations while Jobs made most major decisions.[11] Following the resignation of Jobs, Cook was made CEO of Apple Inc. on August 24, 2011.[12][13]

    Cook also serves on the board of directors of Nike.[3]

    Personal life[link]

    Cook is a fitness enthusiast and enjoys hiking, cycling, and going to the gym. He regularly begins sending emails at 4:30 am and used to hold Sunday night staff meetings by telephone to prepare for the next week.[9]

    While giving the 2010 commencement speech at Auburn University, Cook emphasized the importance of intuition in guiding his life's biggest choices, and followed by stating that preparation and hard work are also necessary to execute on that intuition.[14]

    References[link]

    1. ^ "Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple". Apple. August 24, 2011. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html. Retrieved August 25, 2011. 
    2. ^ a b c "Timothy D. Cook Profile". Forbes. http://people.forbes.com/profile/timothy-d-cook/6607. 
    3. ^ a b "Nike — Investors — Corporate Governance — Board of Directors". Nike. http://investors.nikeinc.com/Investors/Corporate-Governance/Board-of-Directors/default.aspx. 
    4. ^ "Timothy Cook News". The New York Times. http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/c/timothy_cook/index.html. 
    5. ^ After Jobs: Apple's Cook gets $380M in compensation
    6. ^ Steve Jobs' successor Tim Cook highest paid CEO
    7. ^ Wright, Sharla (October 25, 2005). "Engineering Alumnus Named COO of Apple". Auburn University. http://eng.auburn.edu/enewsletter/december-2005/alumni/index.html. Retrieved July 26, 2007. 
    8. ^ Love, Julia (January 14, 2009). "Fuqua grad takes reins at Apple". The Chronicle (Duke University). http://dukechronicle.com/node/147995. Retrieved February 11, 2011. 
    9. ^ a b Lashinsky, Adam (November 10, 2008). "The genius behind Steve". CNN. http://money.cnn.com/2008/11/09/technology/cook_apple.fortune/index.htm. Retrieved May 25, 2010. 
    10. ^ Helft, Miguel (January 23, 2011). "The Understudy Takes the Stage at Apple". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/24/technology/24cook.html?pagewanted=all. Retrieved February 11, 2011. 
    11. ^ "Apple boss Steve Jobs takes 'medical leave'". BBC. January 17, 2011. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-12205173. Retrieved February 11, 2011. 
    12. ^ "Steve Jobs resigns from Apple, Cook becomes CEO". Reuters. August 24, 2011. http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/24/us-apple-idUSTRE77N82K20110824. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
    13. ^ Wingfield, Nick (October 16, 2006). "Apple's no. 2 has low profile, high impact". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/public/article/SB116096027141893457-aw4qwn7qYUIsPkdiK5OYcdC3RAc_20071015.html. Retrieved October 16, 2006. 
    14. ^ Auburn University Spring 2010 Commencement Speaker Tim Cook. Auburn University. May 14, 2010. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xEAXuHvzjao. Retrieved August 27, 2011. 

    External links[link]

    Business positions
    Preceded by
    Steve Jobs
    CEO of Apple
    2011–present
    Incumbent

    http://wn.com/Tim_Cook

    Related pages:

    http://ru.wn.com/Кук, Тим

    http://de.wn.com/Tim Cook

    http://it.wn.com/Tim Cook

    http://es.wn.com/Tim Cook




    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Cook

    This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


    Steve Jobs
    Shoulder-high portrait of smiling man in his fifties wearing a black turtle neck shirt with a day-old beard holding a phone facing the viewer in his left hand
    Jobs holding a white iPhone 4 at Worldwide Developers Conference 2010
    Born Steven Paul Jobs
    (1955-02-24)February 24, 1955[1][2]
    San Francisco, California, U.S.[1][2]
    Died October 5, 2011(2011-10-05) (aged 56)[2]
    Palo Alto, California, U.S.
    Cause of death Pancreatic cancer
    Nationality American
    Ethnicity Syrian, German[3]
    Alma mater Reed College (dropped out)
    Occupation Co-founder, Chairman and CEO,
    Apple Inc.
    Co-founder and CEO,
    Pixar
    Co-founder and CEO,
    NeXT Inc.
    Years active 1974–2011
    Board member of The Walt Disney Company[4]
    Apple Inc.
    Religion Zen Buddhism
    Spouse Laurene Powell
    (1991–2011, his death)
    Children Lisa Brennan-Jobs
    Reed
    Erin
    Eve
    Relatives Mona Simpson (sister)
    Signature

    Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (/ˈɒbz/; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011)[5][6] was an American businessman, designer and inventor. He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution[7][8] and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields. Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar.

    In the late 1970s, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak engineered one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. During this period he also led efforts that would begin the desktop publishing revolution, notably through the introduction of the LaserWriter and the associated PageMaker software.[9]

    After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm, which was spun off as Pixar.[10] He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006,[11] making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors.[12][13]

    After difficulties developing a new Mac operating system, Apple purchased NeXT in 1996 in order to use NeXTSTEP as the basis for what became Mac OS X.[14] As part of the deal Jobs was named Apple advisor. As Apple floundered, Jobs took control of the company and was named "interim CEO" in 1997, or as he jokingly referred to it, "iCEO". Under his leadership, Apple was saved from near bankruptcy, and became profitable by 1998.[15][16] Over the next decade, Jobs oversaw the development of the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and on the services side, the company's Apple Retail Stores, iTunes Store and the App Store.[17] The success of these products and services, providing several years of stable financial returns, propelled Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011.[18] The reinvigoration of the company is regarded by many commentators as one of the greatest turnarounds in business history.[19][20][21]

    In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreas neuroendocrine tumor. Though it was initially treated, he reported a hormone imbalance, underwent a liver transplant in 2009, and appeared progressively thinner as his health declined.[22] On medical leave for most of 2011, Jobs resigned as Apple CEO in August that year and was elected Chairman of the Board. He died of respiratory arrest related to his metastatic tumor on October 5, 2011.

    Jobs has received a number of honors and public recognition for his influence in the technology and music industries. He has widely been referred to as "legendary", a "futurist" or simply "visionary",[23][24][25][26] and has been described as the "Father of the Digital Revolution",[27] a "master of innovation",[28][29] and a "design perfectionist".[30][31]

    Contents

    Early life and education[link]

    Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco on February 24, 1955 to two university students, Joanne Carole Schieble and Syrian-born Abdulfattah "John" Jandali (Arabic: عبدالفتاح جندلي‎), who were both unmarried at the time.[32] Jandali, who was teaching in Wisconsin when Steve was born in 1955, said he had no choice but to put the baby up for adoption because his girlfriend's family objected to their relationship.[33] The baby was adopted at birth by Paul Reinhold Jobs (1922–1993) and Clara Jobs (1924–1986), an Armenian-American[3] whose maiden name was Hagopian.[34] Later, when asked about his "adoptive parents," Jobs replied emphatically that Paul and Clara Jobs "were my parents."[35] He stated in his authorized biography that they "were my parents 1,000%."[36] Unknown to him, his biological parents would subsequently marry (December 1955), have a second child Mona Simpson in 1957, and divorce in 1962.[36]

    The Jobs family moved from San Francisco to Mountain View, California when Steve was five years old.[1][2] The parents later adopted a daughter, Patti. Paul was a machinist for a company that made lasers, and taught his son rudimentary electronics and how to work with his hands.[1] The father showed Steve how to work on electronics in the family garage, demonstrating to his son how to take apart and rebuild electronics such as radios and televisions. As a result, Steve became interested in and developed a hobby of technical tinkering.[37]

    Clara was an accountant[35] who taught him to read before he went to school.[1] Clara Jobs had been a payroll clerk for Varian Associates, one of the first high-tech firms in what became known as Silicon Valley.[38]

    Jobs's youth was riddled with frustrations over formal schooling. At Monta Loma Elementary school in Mountain View, he was a prankster whose fourth-grade teacher needed to bribe him to study. Jobs tested so well, however, that administrators wanted to skip him ahead to high school—a proposal his parents declined.[39]

    Jobs then attended Cupertino Junior High and Homestead High School in Cupertino, California.[2] At Homestead, Jobs became friends with Bill Fernandez, a neighbor who shared the same interests in electronics. Fernandez introduced Jobs to another, older computer whiz kid, Stephen Wozniak (also known as "Woz"). In 1969 Woz started building a little computer board with Fernandez that they named “The Cream Soda Computer”, which they showed to Jobs; he seemed really interested.[40] Jobs frequented after-school lectures at the Hewlett-Packard Company in Palo Alto, California, and was later hired there, working with Wozniak as a summer employee.[41]

    Following high school graduation in 1972, Jobs enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon. Reed was an expensive college which Paul and Clara could ill afford. They were spending much of their life savings on their son’s higher education.[40] Jobs dropped out of college after six months and spent the next 18 months dropping in on creative classes, including a course on calligraphy.[42] He continued auditing classes at Reed while sleeping on the floor in friends' dorm rooms, returning Coke bottles for food money, and getting weekly free meals at the local Hare Krishna temple.[43] Jobs later said, "If I had never dropped in on that single calligraphy course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts."[43]

    Early career[link]

    Homebrew Computer Club Newsletter, September 1976

    In 1974, Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari, Inc. in Los Gatos, California.[44] He traveled to India in mid-1974[45] to visit Neem Karoli Baba[46] at his Kainchi Ashram with a Reed College friend (and, later, an early Apple employee), Daniel Kottke, in search of spiritual enlightenment. When they got to the Neem Karoli ashram, it was almost deserted as Neem Karoli Baba had died in September 1973.[44] Then they made a long trek up a dry riverbed to an ashram of Hariakhan Baba. In India, they spent a lot of time on bus rides from Delhi to Uttar Pradesh and back, then up to Himachal Pradesh and back.[44]

    After staying for seven months, Jobs left India[47] and returned to the US ahead of Daniel Kottke.[44] Jobs had changed his appearance; his head was shaved and he wore traditional Indian clothing.[48][49] During this time, Jobs experimented with psychedelics, later calling his LSD experiences "one of the two or three most important things [he had] done in [his] life".[50] He also became a serious practitioner of Zen Buddhism, engaged in lengthy meditation retreats at the Tassajara Zen Mountain Center, the oldest Sōtō Zen monastery in the US.[51] He considered taking up monastic residence at Eihei-ji in Japan, and maintained a lifelong appreciation for Zen.[52] Jobs would later say that people around him who did not share his countercultural roots could not fully relate to his thinking.[50]

    Jobs then returned to Atari, and was assigned to create a circuit board for the arcade video game Breakout. According to Atari co-founder Nolan Bushnell, Atari offered $100 for each chip that was eliminated in the machine. At that time, Jobs had little specialized knowledge of circuit board design and made a deal with Wozniak to split the fee evenly between them if Wozniak could minimize the number of chips. Much to the amazement of Atari engineers, Wozniak reduced the number of chips by 50, a design so tight that it was impossible to reproduce on an assembly line.[further explanation needed] According to Wozniak, Jobs told him that Atari gave them only $700 (instead of the offered $5,000), and that Wozniak's share was thus $350.[53] Wozniak did not learn about the actual bonus until ten years later, but said that if Jobs had told him about it and had said he needed the money, Wozniak would have given it to him.[54]

    In the early 1970s, Jobs and Wozniak were drawn to technology like a magnet. Wozniak had designed a low-cost digital "blue box" to generate the necessary tones to manipulate the telephone network, allowing free long-distance calls. Jobs decided that they could make money selling it. The clandestine sales of the illegal "blue boxes" went well, and perhaps planted the seed in Jobs's mind that electronics could be fun and profitable.[55]

    In 1976, Jobs and Wozniak formed their own business, which they named “Apple Computer Company” in remembrance of a happy summer Jobs had spent picking apples. At first they started off selling circuit boards, but eventually they produced a complete computer prototype.[56] Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club with Wozniak in 1975.[2] He greatly admired Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography and founder of Polaroid Corporation, and would explicitly model his own career after that of Land's.[57][58]

    Career[link]

    Apple Computer[link]

    Home of Paul and Clara Jobs, on Crist Drive in Los Altos, California. Steve Jobs formed Apple Computer in its garage with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976. Wayne stayed only a short time leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the primary co-founders of the company.
    Home of Paul and Clara Jobs, on Crist Drive in Los Altos, California. Steve Jobs formed Apple Computer in its garage with Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne in 1976. Wayne stayed only a short time, leaving Jobs and Wozniak as the primary co-founders of the company.

    Jobs and Steve Wozniak met in 1971, when their mutual friend, Bill Fernandez, introduced 21-year-old Wozniak to 16-year-old Jobs. In 1976, Wozniak invented the Apple I computer. Jobs, Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne founded Apple computer in the garage of Jobs's parents in order to sell it.[59] They received funding from a then-semi-retired Intel product-marketing manager and engineer Mike Markkula.[60]

    In 1978, Apple recruited Mike Scott from National Semiconductor to serve as CEO for what turned out to be several turbulent years. In 1983, Jobs lured John Sculley away from Pepsi-Cola to serve as Apple's CEO, asking, "Do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life, or do you want to come with me and change the world?"[61]

    In the early 1980s, Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa. One year later, Apple employee Jef Raskin invented the Macintosh.[62][63]

    The following year, Apple aired a Super Bowl television commercial titled "1984". At Apple's annual shareholders meeting on January 24, 1984, an emotional Jobs introduced the Macintosh to a wildly enthusiastic audience; Andy Hertzfeld described the scene as "pandemonium".[64]

    Apple logo in 1977, created by Rob Janoff with the rainbow color theme used until 1998.

    While Jobs was a persuasive and charismatic director for Apple, some of his employees from that time described him as an erratic and temperamental manager. Disappointing sales caused a deterioration in Jobs's working relationship with Sculley and it eventually became a power struggle between Jobs and Sculley.[65] Jobs kept meetings running past midnight, sent out lengthy faxes, then called new meetings at 7:00 am.[66]

    Sculley learned that Jobs—believing Sculley to be "bad for Apple" and the wrong person to lead the company—had been attempting to organize a boardroom coup, and on May 24, 1985, called a board meeting to resolve the matter.[65] Apple's board of directors sided with Sculley and removed Jobs from his managerial duties as head of the Macintosh division.[67][68] Jobs resigned from Apple five months later[65] and founded NeXT Inc. the same year.[66][69]

    In a speech Jobs gave at Stanford University in 2005, he said being fired from Apple was the best thing that could have happened to him; "The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life." And he added, "I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful-tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it."[43][70][71]

    NeXT Computer[link]

    A NeXTstation with the original keyboard, mouse and the NeXT MegaPixel monitor

    After leaving Apple, Jobs founded NeXT Computer in 1985, with $7 million. A year later, Jobs was running out of money, and with no product on the horizon, he appealed for venture capital. Eventually, he attracted the attention of billionaire Ross Perot who invested heavily in the company.[72] NeXT workstations were first released in 1990, priced at $9,999. Like the Apple Lisa, the NeXT workstation was technologically advanced, but was largely dismissed as cost-prohibitive by the educational sector for which it was designed.[73] The NeXT workstation was known for its technical strengths, chief among them its object-oriented software development system. Jobs marketed NeXT products to the financial, scientific, and academic community, highlighting its innovative, experimental new technologies, such as the Mach kernel, the digital signal processor chip, and the built-in Ethernet port. Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web on a NeXT computer at CERN.[74]

    The revised, second-generation NeXTcube was released in 1990, also. Jobs touted it as the first "interpersonal" computer that would replace the personal computer. With its innovative NeXTMail multimedia email system, NeXTcube could share voice, image, graphics, and video in email for the first time. "Interpersonal computing is going to revolutionize human communications and groupwork", Jobs told reporters.[75] Jobs ran NeXT with an obsession for aesthetic perfection, as evidenced by the development of and attention to NeXTcube's magnesium case.[76] This put considerable strain on NeXT's hardware division, and in 1993, after having sold only 50,000 machines, NeXT transitioned fully to software development with the release of NeXTSTEP/Intel.[77] The company reported its first profit of $1.03 million in 1994.[72] In 1996, NeXT Software, Inc. released WebObjects, a framework for Web application development. After NeXT was acquired by Apple Inc. in 1997, WebObjects was used to build and run the Apple Store,[77] MobileMe services, and the iTunes Store.

    Pixar and Disney[link]

    In 1986, Jobs bought The Graphics Group (later renamed Pixar) from Lucasfilm's computer graphics division for the price of $10 million, $5 million of which was given to the company as capital.[78]

    The first film produced by the partnership, Toy Story, with Jobs credited as executive producer,[79] brought fame and critical acclaim to the studio when it was released in 1995. Over the next 15 years, under Pixar's creative chief John Lasseter, the company produced box-office hits A Bug's Life (1998); Toy Story 2 (1999); Monsters, Inc. (2001); Finding Nemo (2003); The Incredibles (2004); Cars (2006); Ratatouille (2007); WALL-E (2008); Up (2009); and Toy Story 3 (2010). Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Ratatouille, WALL-E, Up and Toy Story 3 each received the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, an award introduced in 2001.[80]

    In the years 2003 and 2004, as Pixar's contract with Disney was running out, Jobs and Disney chief executive Michael Eisner tried but failed to negotiate a new partnership,[82] and in early 2004, Jobs announced that Pixar would seek a new partner to distribute its films after its contract with Disney expired.

    In October 2005, Bob Iger replaced Eisner at Disney, and Iger quickly worked to patch up relations with Jobs and Pixar. On January 24, 2006, Jobs and Iger announced that Disney had agreed to purchase Pixar in an all-stock transaction worth $7.4 billion. When the deal closed, Jobs became The Walt Disney Company's largest single shareholder with approximately seven percent of the company's stock.[12] Jobs's holdings in Disney far exceeded those of Eisner, who holds 1.7 percent, and of Disney family member Roy E. Disney, who until his 2009 death held about one percent of the company's stock and whose criticisms of Eisner — especially that he soured Disney's relationship with Pixar — accelerated Eisner's ousting. Jobs joined the company's board of directors upon completion of the merger and also helped oversee Disney and Pixar's combined animation businesses from a seat on a special six-person steering committee.[83] Upon Jobs's death his shares in Disney were transferred to the Steven P. Jobs Trust led by Laurene Jobs.[84]

    Return to Apple[link]

    Logo for the Think Different campaign designed by TBWA\Chiat\Day and initiated by Jobs after his return to Apple Computer in 1997.

    In 1996, Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $427 million. The deal was finalized in late 1996,[85] bringing Jobs back to the company he co-founded. Jobs became de facto chief after then-CEO Gil Amelio was ousted in July 1997. He was formally named interim chief executive in September.[86] In March 1998, to concentrate Apple's efforts on returning to profitability, Jobs terminated a number of projects, such as Newton, Cyberdog, and OpenDoc. In the coming months, many employees developed a fear of encountering Jobs while riding in the elevator, "afraid that they might not have a job when the doors opened. The reality was that Jobs's summary executions were rare, but a handful of victims was enough to terrorize a whole company."[87] Jobs also changed the licensing program for Macintosh clones, making it too costly for the manufacturers to continue making machines.

    With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products, most notably NeXTSTEP, which evolved into Mac OS X. Under Jobs's guidance, the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products; since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple. At the 2000 Macworld Expo, Jobs officially dropped the "interim" modifier from his title at Apple and became permanent CEO.[88] Jobs quipped at the time that he would be using the title "iCEO".[89]

    Full-length portrait of man about fifty wearing jeans and a black turtleneck shirt, standing in front of a dark curtain with a white Apple logo
    Jobs on stage at Macworld Conference & Expo, San Francisco, January 11, 2005

    The company subsequently branched out, introducing and improving upon other digital appliances. With the introduction of the iPod portable music player, iTunes digital music software, and the iTunes Store, the company made forays into consumer electronics and music distribution. On June 29, 2007, Apple entered the cellular phone business with the introduction of the iPhone, a multi-touch display cell phone, which also included the features of an iPod and, with its own mobile browser, revolutionized the mobile browsing scene. While stimulating innovation, Jobs also reminded his employees that "real artists ship".[90]

    Jobs was both admired and criticized for his consummate skill at persuasion and salesmanship, which has been dubbed the "reality distortion field" and was particularly evident during his keynote speeches (colloquially known as "Stevenotes") at Macworld Expos and at Apple Worldwide Developers Conferences. In 2005, Jobs responded to criticism of Apple's poor recycling programs for e-waste in the US by lashing out at environmental and other advocates at Apple's Annual Meeting in Cupertino in April. A few weeks later, Apple announced it would take back iPods for free at its retail stores. The Computer TakeBack Campaign responded by flying a banner from a plane over the Stanford University graduation at which Jobs was the commencement speaker.[43] The banner read "Steve, don't be a mini-player—recycle all e-waste".

    In 2006, he further expanded Apple's recycling programs to any US customer who buys a new Mac. This program includes shipping and "environmentally friendly disposal" of their old systems.[91]

    Resignation[link]

    In August 2011, Jobs resigned as CEO of Apple, but remained with the company as chairman of the company's board.[92][93] Hours after the announcement, Apple Inc. (AAPL) shares dropped five percent in after-hours trading.[94] This relatively small drop, when considering the importance of Jobs to Apple, was associated with the fact that his health had been in the news for several years, and he had been on medical leave since January 2011.[95] It was believed, according to Forbes, that the impact would be felt in a negative way beyond Apple, including at The Walt Disney Company where Jobs served as director.[96] In after-hours trading on the day of the announcement, Walt Disney Co. (DIS) shares dropped 1.5 percent.[97]

    Business life[link]

    Wealth[link]

    Jobs earned only $1 a year as CEO of Apple,[98] Jobs held 5.426 million Apple shares worth $2.1 billion, as well as 138 million shares in Disney (which he received in exchange for Disney's acquisition of Pixar) worth $4.4 billion.[99][100] Jobs quipped that the $1 per annum he was paid by Apple was based on attending one meeting for 50 cents while the other 50 cents was based on his performance.[101] Forbes estimated his net wealth at $8.3 billion in 2010, making him the 42nd wealthiest American.[102]

    Stock options backdating issue[link]

    Two men in their fifties shown full length sitting in red leather chairs smiling at each other
    Steve Jobs and Bill Gates at the fifth D: All Things Digital conference (D5) in 2007

    In 2001, Jobs was granted stock options in the amount of 7.5 million shares of Apple with an exercise price of $18.30. It was alleged that the options had been backdated, and that the exercise price should have been $21.10. It was further alleged that Jobs had thereby incurred taxable income of $20,000,000 that he did not report, and that Apple overstated its earnings by that same amount. As a result, Jobs potentially faced a number of criminal charges and civil penalties. The case was the subject of active criminal and civil government investigations,[103] though an independent internal Apple investigation completed on December 29, 2006, found that Jobs was unaware of these issues and that the options granted to him were returned without being exercised in 2003.[104]

    On July 1, 2008, a $7-billion class action suit was filed against several members of the Apple Board of Directors for revenue lost due to the alleged securities fraud.[105][106]

    Management style[link]

    Jobs was a demanding perfectionist[107][108] who always aspired to position his businesses and their products at the forefront of the information technology industry by foreseeing and setting trends, at least in innovation and style. He summed up that self-concept at the end of his keynote speech at the Macworld Conference and Expo in January 2007, by quoting ice hockey player Wayne Gretzky

    There's an old Wayne Gretzky quote that I love. 'I skate to where the puck is going to be, not where it has been.' And we've always tried to do that at Apple. Since the very very beginning. And we always will.[109]

    Steve Jobs announcing the transition to Intel processors in 2005.

    Much was made of Jobs's aggressive and demanding personality. Fortune wrote that he was "considered one of Silicon Valley's leading egomaniacs".[110] Commentaries on his temperamental style can be found in Michael Moritz's The Little Kingdom, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, by Alan Deutschman; and iCon: Steve Jobs, by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon. In 1993, Jobs made Fortune's list of America's Toughest Bosses in regard to his leadership of NeXT.

    NeXT Cofounder Dan'l Lewin was quoted in Fortune as saying of that period, "The highs were unbelievable ... But the lows were unimaginable", to which Jobs's office replied that his personality had changed since then.[111]

    In 2005, Jobs banned all books published by John Wiley & Sons from Apple Stores in response to their publishing an unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs.[112] In its 2010 annual earnings report, Wiley said it had "closed a deal ... to make its titles available for the iPad."[113] Jef Raskin, a former colleague, once said that Jobs "would have made an excellent king of France", alluding to Jobs's compelling and larger-than-life persona.[114] Floyd Norman said that at Pixar, Jobs was a "mature, mellow individual" and never interfered with the creative process of the filmmakers.[115]

    Jobs had a public war of words with Dell Computer CEO Michael Dell, starting in 1987 when Jobs first criticized Dell for making "un-innovative beige boxes".[116] On October 6, 1997, in a Gartner Symposium, when Michael Dell was asked what he would do if he ran then-troubled Apple Computer, he said "I'd shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders."[117] In 2006, Jobs sent an email to all employees when Apple's market capitalization rose above Dell's. The email read:

    Team, it turned out that Michael Dell wasn't perfect at predicting the future. Based on today's stock market close, Apple is worth more than Dell. Stocks go up and down, and things may be different tomorrow, but I thought it was worth a moment of reflection today. Steve.[118]

    Jobs was also a board member at Gap Inc. from 1999 to 2002.[119]

    Reality distortion field[link]

    Apple's Bud Tribble coined the term "reality distortion field" in 1981, to describe Jobs's charisma and its effects on the developers working on the Macintosh project.[120] Tribble claimed that the term came from Star Trek.[120] Since then the term has also been used to refer to perceptions of Jobs's keynote speeches.[121]

    The RDF was said by Andy Hertzfeld to be Steve Jobs's ability to convince himself and others to believe almost anything, using a mix of charm, charisma, bravado, hyperbole, marketing, appeasement, and persistence. Although the subject of criticism, Jobs's so-called reality distortion field was also recognized as creating a sense that the impossible was possible. Once the term became widely known, it was often used in the technology press to describe Jobs's sway over the public, particularly regarding new product announcements.[122][123]

    Inventions and designs[link]

    His design sense was greatly influenced by the Buddhism which he experienced in India while on a seven-month spiritual journey.[124] His sense of intuition was also influenced by the spiritual people with whom he studied.[124]

    As of October 9, 2011 (2011 -10-09), Jobs is listed as either primary inventor or co-inventor in 342 United States patents or patent applications related to a range of technologies from actual computer and portable devices to user interfaces (including touch-based), speakers, keyboards, power adapters, staircases, clasps, sleeves, lanyards and packages. Most of these are design patents (specific product designs) as opposed to utility patents (inventions).[125][126] He has 43 issued US patents on inventions.[127] The patent on the Mac OS X Dock user interface with "magnification" feature was issued the day before he died.[128]

    Applying his Triple F Model to Apple under Steve Jobs, Anand Kurian opines that Job's contribution in the area of pure ‘Function’ are less significant, but that his contribution in the areas of ‘Functionality’ and ‘Form’ are major and substantial.[129]

    Apple I Computer[link]

    The first significant invention that Steve Jobs was involved in was the Apple I which came along in 1976. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, who was at the time working for HP, scraped together some cash for printed circuit boards. Then they planned to sell the machine as a kit for $666.66. A store called the Byte Shop ordered 50 fully assembled devices, and sold them all.[130] The Apple’s first computer was for hobbyists and engineers so it was made in small numbers.[131]

    Apple II Computer[link]

    During 1976, Steve Wozniak began work on the Apple II, and left HP to join Apple computer. In March 1977, Apple Computer moved from Jobs's garage to an office in Cupertino. Apple Computer delivered its first Apple II system, for US$1295 in April 1977.[132] Steve Jobs once said the Apple II could be described as an "appliance" computer. The Apple II was the first computer to be enclosed in plastic.[133] Jobs insisted that molded plastic was essential to the computer as a consumer item. The Apple II was “elegantly styled" and it became compared to an "overgrown pocket calculator".[134]

    Ten months after its introduction, Apple Computer began work on an enhanced Apple II with custom chips, code-named Annie, in 1978. At the same year, they began work on a supercomputer named Lisa; it featured a bit-sliced architecture. After two and a half years, 50,000 Apple II units had been sold until 1979. Nearly one-third of Canadians credited the Apple II as the first personal computer which having the most impact on society.[135]

    The Macintosh Computer[link]

    The Macintosh was introduced in January 1984. The computer had no “Mac” name on the front, but rather just the Apple logo.[130] The Macintosh have a friendly appearance since it was meant to be easy to use. The disk drive is below the display, the Macintosh was taller, narrower, more symmetrical, and far more suggestive of a face. The Macintosh was identified as a computer that ordinary people could understand.[136]

    The NeXT Computer[link]

    After Jobs was forced out of Apple in 1985, he started a company that built workstation computers. The NeXT Computer was introduced in 1989. Sir Tim Berners-Lee created the world’s first web browser on the NeXT Computer. The NeXT Computer was the basis for today’s Macintosh OS X and iPhone operating system (iOS).[137]

    iMac[link]

    Apple iMac was introduced in 1998 and its innovative design was directly the result of Jobs's return to Apple. Apple boasted "the back of our computer looks better than the front of anyone else's".[138] Described as "cartoonlike" the first iMac, clad in Bondi Blue plastic, was unlike any personal computer that came before. In 1999, Apple introduced Graphite gray Apple iMac and since has switched to all-white. Design ideas were intended to create a connection with the user such as the handle and a breathing light effect when the computer went to sleep..[139] The Apple iMac sold for $1,299 at that time. There was some technical revolutions for iMac too. The USB ports being the only device inputs on the iMac. So the iMac’s success helped popularize the interface among third party peripheral makers, which is evidenced by the fact that many early USB peripherals were made of translucent plastic to match the iMac design.[140]

    iPod[link]

    The first generation of iPod was released October 23, 2001. The major innovation of the iPod was its small size achieved by using a 1.8" hard drive compared to the 2.5" drives common to players at that time. The capacity of the first generation iPod ranged from 5G to 10 Gigabytes.[141] The iPod sold for US$399 and more than 100,000 iPods were sold before the end of 2001. The introduction of the iPod resulted in Apple becoming a major player in the music industry.[142] Also, the iPod’s success prepared the way for the iTunes music store and the iPhone.[131] After the 1st generation of iPod, Apple released the hard drive-based iPod classic, the touchscreen iPod Touch, video-capable iPod Nano, screenless iPod Shuffle in the following years.[142]

    iPhone[link]

    Jobs began work on the first iPhone in 2005 and the first iPhone was released on June 29, 2007. The iPhone created such a sensation that a survey indicated six out of ten Americans were aware of its release. Time magazine declared it "Invention of the Year" for 2007.[143] The Apple iPhone is a small device with multimedia capabilities and functions as a quad-band touch screen smartphone.[144] A year later, the iPhone 3G was released in July 2008 with the key feature was support for GPS, 3G data and quad-band UMTS/HSDPA. In June 2009, the iPhone 3GS, added voice control, a better camera, and a faster processor was introduced by Phil Schiller.[145] iPhone 4 was thinner than previous models, had a five megapixel camera which can record videos in 720p HD, and added a secondary front facing camera for video calls.[146] A major feature of the iPhone 4S, introduced in October 2011, was Siri, which is a virtual assistant that is capable of voice recognition.[143]

    Philanthropy[link]

    Arik Hesseldahl of BusinessWeek magazine stated that "Jobs isn't widely known for his association with philanthropic causes", compared to Bill Gates's efforts.[147] In contrast to Gates, Jobs did not sign the Giving Pledge of Warren Buffett which challenged the world’s richest billionaires to give at least half their wealth to charity.[148] In an interview with Playboy in 1985, Jobs said in respect to money that “the challenges are to figure out how to live with it and to reinvest it back into the world which means either giving it away or using it to express your concerns or values.”[149] Jobs also added that when he has some time we would start a public foundation but for now he does charitable acts privately.[150]

    After resuming control of Apple in 1997, Jobs eliminated all corporate philanthropy programs initially.[151] Jobs’s friends told The New York Times that he felt that expanding Apple would have done more good than giving money to charity.[152] Later, under Jobs, Apple signed to participate in Product Red program, producing red versions of devices to give profits from sales to charity. Apple has gone on to become the largest contributor to the charity since its initial involvement with it. The chief of the Product Red project, singer Bono cited Jobs saying there was "nothing better than the chance to save lives," when he initially approached Apple with the invitation to participate in the program.[153] Through its sales, Apple has been the largest contributor to the Global Fund to fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, according to Bono.[154]

    Personal life[link]

    Jobs's birth parents met at the University of Wisconsin. Abdulfattah "John" Jandali, a Syrian Muslim,[155] taught there. Joanne Carole Schieble was his student; they were the same age because Jandali had "gotten his PhD really young." [156][157][158] Schieble had a career as a speech language pathologist. Jandali taught political science at the University of Nevada in the 1960s, and then made his career in the food and beverage industry, and since 2006, has been a vice president at a casino in Reno, Nevada.[159][160] In December 1955, ten months after giving up their baby boy, Schieble and Jandali married. In 1957 they had a daughter, Mona. They divorced in 1962, and Jandali lost touch with his daughter.[161] Her mother remarried and had Mona take the surname of her stepfather, so she became known as Mona Simpson.[157]

    In the 1980s, Jobs found his birth mother, Joanne Schieble Simpson, who told him he had a biological sister, Mona Simpson. They met for the first time in 1985[161] and became close friends. The siblings kept their relationship secret until 1986, when Mona introduced him at a party for her first book.[35]

    After deciding to search for their father, Simpson found Jandali managing a coffee shop. Without knowing who his son had become, Jandali told Mona that he had previously managed a popular restaurant in the Silicon Valley where "Even Steve Jobs used to eat there. Yeah, he was a great tipper." In a taped interview with his biographer Walter Isaacson, aired on 60 Minutes,[162] Jobs said: "When I was looking for my biological mother, obviously, you know, I was looking for my biological father at the same time, and I learned a little bit about him and I didn't like what I learned. I asked her to not tell him that we ever met...not tell him anything about me."[163] Jobs was in occasional touch with his mother Joanne Simpson,[151][164] who lives in a nursing home in Los Angeles.[157] When speaking about his biological parents, Jobs stated: "They were my sperm and egg bank. That's not harsh, it's just the way it was, a sperm bank thing, nothing more."[36] Jandali stated in an interview with the The Sun in August 2011, that his efforts to contact Jobs were unsuccessful. Jandali mailed in his medical history after Jobs's pancreatic disorder was made public that year.[165][166][167]

    In her eulogy to Jobs at his memorial service, Mona Simpson stated:

    I grew up as an only child, with a single mother. Because we were poor and because I knew my father had emigrated from Syria, I imagined he looked like Omar Sharif. I hoped he would be rich and kind and would come into our lives (and our not yet furnished apartment) and help us. Later, after I'd met my father, I tried to believe he'd changed his number and left no forwarding address because he was an idealistic revolutionary, plotting a new world for the Arab people. Even as a feminist, my whole life I'd been waiting for a man to love, who could love me. For decades, I'd thought that man would be my father. When I was 25, I met that man and he was my brother.[161]

    Jobs's first child, Lisa Brennan-Jobs, was born in 1978, the daughter of his longtime partner Chris Ann Brennan, a Bay Area painter.[151] For two years, she raised their daughter on welfare while Jobs denied paternity by claiming he was sterile; he later acknowledged Lisa as his daughter.[151] Jobs later married Laurene Powell on March 18, 1991, in a ceremony at the Ahwahnee Hotel in Yosemite National Park. Presiding over the wedding was Kobun Chino Otogawa, a Zen Buddhist monk. Their son, Reed, was born September 1991, followed by daughters Erin in August 1995, and Eve in 1998.[168] The family lives in Palo Alto, California.[169]

    Shoulder-high portrait of two middle aged men, the one on left wearing a blue dress shirt and suitcoat, the one on right wearing a black turtleneck shirt and with his glasses pushed back onto his head and holding a phone facing them with an Apple logo visible on its back
    Jobs demonstrating the iPhone 4 to Russian President Dmitry Medvedev on June 23, 2010

    In the unauthorized biography, The Second Coming of Steve Jobs, author Alan Deutschman reports that Jobs once dated Joan Baez. Deutschman quotes Elizabeth Holmes, a friend of Jobs from his time at Reed College, as saying she "believed that Steve became the lover of Joan Baez in large measure because Baez had been the lover of Bob Dylan" (Dylan was the Apple icon's favorite musician). In another unauthorized biography, iCon: Steve Jobs by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon, the authors suggest that Jobs might have married Baez, but her age at the time (41) meant it was unlikely the couple could have children.

    Jobs was also a fan of The Beatles. He referred to them on multiple occasions at Keynotes and also was interviewed on a showing of a Paul McCartney concert. When asked about his business model on 60 Minutes, he replied:

    My model for business is The Beatles: They were four guys that kept each other's negative tendencies in check; they balanced each other. And the total was greater than the sum of the parts. Great things in business are never done by one person, they are done by a team of people.[170]

    In 1982, Jobs bought an apartment in The San Remo, an apartment building in New York City with a politically progressive reputation, where Demi Moore, Steven Spielberg, Steve Martin, and Princess Yasmin Aga Khan, daughter of Rita Hayworth, also had apartments. With the help of I.M. Pei, Jobs spent years renovating his apartment in the top two floors of the building's north tower, only to sell it almost two decades later to U2 singer Bono. Jobs never moved in.[171][172]

    In 1984, Jobs purchased the Jackling House, a 17,000-square-foot (1,600 m2), 14-bedroom Spanish Colonial mansion designed by George Washington Smith in Woodside, California. Although it reportedly remained in an almost unfurnished state, Jobs lived in the mansion for almost ten years. According to reports, he kept a 1966 BMW R60/2 motorcycle in the living room, and let Bill Clinton use it in 1998. From the early 1990s, Jobs lived in a house in the Old Palo Alto neighborhood of Palo Alto. President Clinton dined with Jobs and 14 Silicon Valley CEOs there on August 7, 1996, at a meal catered by Greens Restaurant.[173][174] Clinton returned the favor and Jobs, who was a Democratic donor, slept in the Lincoln bedroom of the White House.[175]

    Jobs allowed Jackling House to fall into a state of disrepair, planning to demolish the house and build a smaller home on the property; but he met with complaints from local preservationists over his plans. In June 2004, the Woodside Town Council gave Jobs approval to demolish the mansion, on the condition that he advertise the property for a year to see if someone would move it to another location and restore it. A number of people expressed interest, including several with experience in restoring old property, but no agreements to that effect were reached. Later that same year, a local preservationist group began seeking legal action to prevent demolition. In January 2007, Jobs was denied the right to demolish the property, by a court decision.[176] The court decision was overturned on appeal in March 2010, and the mansion was demolished beginning in February 2011.[177]

    Jobs usually wore a black long-sleeved mock turtleneck made by Issey Miyake (that was sometimes reported to be made by St. Croix), Levi's 501 blue jeans, and New Balance 991 sneakers.[178][179] Jobs told Walter Isaacson "...he came to like the idea of having a uniform for himself, both because of its daily convenience (the rationale he claimed) and its ability to convey a signature style." [180] He was a pescetarian.[181]

    Jobs's car was a silver Mercedes-Benz SL 55 AMG, which did not display its license plates, as he took advantage of a California law which gives a maximum of six months for new vehicles to receive plates; Jobs leased a new SL every six months.[182]

    In a 2011 interview with biographer Walter Isaacson, Jobs revealed at one point he met with U.S. President Barack Obama, complained of the nation's shortage of software engineers, and told Mr. Obama that he was "headed for a one-term presidency." Jobs proposed that any foreign student who got an engineering degree at a U.S. university should automatically be offered a green card. After the meeting, Jobs commented, "The president is very smart, but he kept explaining to us reasons why things can't get done.... It infuriates me." [183]

    Jobs contributed to a number of political candidates and causes during his life, giving $209,000 to Democrats, $45,700 to associated special interests and $1,000 to a Republican.[184]

    Health issues[link]

    Jobs addressing concerns about his health in 2008.

    In October 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with cancer,[185] and in mid-2004, he announced to his employees that he had a cancerous tumor in his pancreas.[186] The prognosis for pancreatic cancer is usually very poor;[187] Jobs stated that he had a rare, far less aggressive type known as islet cell neuroendocrine tumor.[186] Despite his diagnosis, Jobs resisted his doctors' recommendations for mainstream medical intervention for nine months,[151] instead consuming a special alternative medicine diet in an attempt to thwart the disease. According to Harvard researcher Dr. Ramzi Amir, his choice of alternative treatment "led to an unnecessarily early death."[185] According to Jobs's biographer, Walter Isaacson, "for nine months he refused to undergo surgery for his pancreatic cancer – a decision he later regretted as his health declined."[188] "Instead, he tried a vegan diet, acupuncture, herbal remedies and other treatments he found online, and even consulted a psychic. He also was influenced by a doctor who ran a clinic that advised juice fasts, bowel cleansings and other unproven approaches, before finally having surgery in July 2004."[189] He eventually underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy (or "Whipple procedure") in July 2004, that appeared to successfully remove the tumor.[190][191][192] Jobs apparently did not receive chemotherapy or radiation therapy.[186][193] During Jobs's absence, Tim Cook, head of worldwide sales and operations at Apple, ran the company.[186]

    In early August 2006, Jobs delivered the keynote for Apple's annual Worldwide Developers Conference. His "thin, almost gaunt" appearance and unusually "listless" delivery,[194][195] together with his choice to delegate significant portions of his keynote to other presenters, inspired a flurry of media and Internet speculation about his health.[196] In contrast, according to an Ars Technica journal report, Worldwide Developers Conference (WWDC) attendees who saw Jobs in person said he "looked fine".[197] Following the keynote, an Apple spokesperson said that "Steve's health is robust."[198]

    Two years later, similar concerns followed Jobs's 2008 WWDC keynote address.[199] Apple officials stated Jobs was victim to a "common bug" and was taking antibiotics,[200] while others surmised his cachectic appearance was due to the Whipple procedure.[193] During a July conference call discussing Apple earnings, participants responded to repeated questions about Jobs's health by insisting that it was a "private matter". Others, however, voiced the opinion that shareholders had a right to know more, given Jobs's hands-on approach to running his company.[201][202] The New York Times published an article based on an off-the-record phone conversation with Jobs, noting that "While his health problems amounted to a good deal more than 'a common bug', they weren't life-threatening and he doesn't have a recurrence of cancer."[203]

    On August 28, 2008, Bloomberg mistakenly published a 2500-word obituary of Jobs in its corporate news service, containing blank spaces for his age and cause of death. (News carriers customarily stockpile up-to-date obituaries to facilitate news delivery in the event of a well-known figure's death.) Although the error was promptly rectified, many news carriers and blogs reported on it,[204] intensifying rumors concerning Jobs's health.[205] Jobs responded at Apple's September 2008 Let's Rock keynote by quoting Mark Twain: "Reports of my death are greatly exaggerated."[206] At a subsequent media event, Jobs concluded his presentation with a slide reading "110/70", referring to his blood pressure, stating he would not address further questions about his health.[207]

    On December 16, 2008, Apple announced that marketing vice-president Phil Schiller would deliver the company's final keynote address at the Macworld Conference and Expo 2009, again reviving questions about Jobs's health.[208][209] In a statement given on January 5, 2009, on Apple.com,[210] Jobs said that he had been suffering from a "hormone imbalance" for several months.[211]

    On January 14, 2009, in an internal Apple memo, Jobs wrote that in the previous week he had "learned that my health-related issues are more complex than I originally thought", and announced a six-month leave of absence until the end of June 2009, to allow him to better focus on his health. Tim Cook, who previously acted as CEO in Jobs's 2004 absence, became acting CEO of Apple,[212] with Jobs still involved with "major strategic decisions."[212]

    In April 2009, Jobs underwent a liver transplant at Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute in Memphis, Tennessee.[213][214] Jobs's prognosis was described as "excellent".[213]

    On January 17, 2011, a year and a half after Jobs returned from his liver transplant, Apple announced that he had been granted a medical leave of absence. Jobs announced his leave in a letter to employees, stating his decision was made "so he could focus on his health". As during his 2009 medical leave, Apple announced that Tim Cook would run day-to-day operations and that Jobs would continue to be involved in major strategic decisions at the company.[215][216] Despite the leave, he made appearances at the iPad 2 launch event (March 2), the WWDC keynote introducing iCloud (June 6), and before the Cupertino city council (June 7).[217]

    Jobs announced his resignation as Apple's CEO on August 24, 2011. "Unfortunately, that day has come," wrote Jobs, for he could "no longer meet [his] duties and expectations as Apple's CEO". Jobs became chairman of the board and named Tim Cook his successor.[218][219] Jobs had worked for Apple until the day before his death.[220]

    Death[link]

    Flags flying at half-staff outside Apple HQ in Cupertino, on the evening of Steve Jobs's death.
    Memorial candles and iPads to Steve Jobs outside the Apple Store in Palo Alto California shortly after his death

    Jobs died at his California home around 3 p.m. on October 5, 2011, due to complications from a relapse of his previously treated islet-cell neuroendocrine pancreatic cancer,[2][221][222] resulting in respiratory arrest.[223] He had lost consciousness the day before, and died with his wife, children and sister at his side.[224]

    Both Apple and Microsoft flew their flags at half-staff throughout their respective headquarters and campuses.[225][226] Bob Iger ordered all Disney properties, including Walt Disney World and Disneyland, to fly their flags at half-staff, from October 6 to 12, 2011.[227]

    His death was announced by Apple in a statement which read:

    We are deeply saddened to announce that Steve Jobs passed away today.

    Steve's brilliance, passion and energy were the source of countless innovations that enrich and improve all of our lives. The world is immeasurably better because of Steve.

    His greatest love was for his wife, Laurene, and his family. Our hearts go out to them and to all who were touched by his extraordinary gifts.[228]

    For two weeks following his death, Apple's corporate Web site displayed a simple page, showing Jobs's name and lifespan next to his grayscale portrait.[229] Clicking on the image led to an obituary, which read:

    Apple has lost a visionary and creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those of us who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve have lost a dear friend and an inspiring mentor. Steve leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.[229]

    An email address was also posted for the public to share their memories, condolences, and thoughts.[230][231] Over a million tributes were sent, which are now displayed on the Steve Jobs memorial page.

    Also dedicating its homepage to Jobs was Pixar, with a photo of Jobs, John Lasseter and Edwin Catmull, and the eulogy they wrote:[232]

    Steve was an extraordinary visionary, our very dear friend, and our guiding light of the Pixar family. He saw the potential of what Pixar could be before the rest of us, and beyond what anyone ever imagined. Steve took a chance on us and believed in our crazy dream of making computer animated films; the one thing he always said was to 'make it great.' He is why Pixar turned out the way we did and his strength, integrity, and love of life has made us all better people. He will forever be part of Pixar's DNA. Our hearts go out to his wife Laurene and their children during this incredibly difficult time.[232]

    A small private funeral was held on October 7, 2011, of which details were not revealed out of respect to Jobs's family.[233] Apple announced on the same day that they had no plans for a public service, but were encouraging "well-wishers" to send their remembrance messages to an email address created to receive such messages.[234] Sunday, October 16, 2011, was declared "Steve Jobs Day" by Governor Jerry Brown of California.[235] On that day, an invitation-only memorial was held at Stanford University. Those in attendance included Apple and other tech company executives, members of the media, celebrities, close friends of Jobs, and politicians, along with Jobs's family. Bono, Yo Yo Ma, and Joan Baez performed at the service, which lasted longer than an hour. The service was highly secured, with guards at all of the university's gates, and a helicopter flying overhead from an area news station.[236][237]

    A private memorial service for Apple employees was held on October 19, 2011, on the Apple Campus in Cupertino. Present were Cook, Bill Campbell, Norah Jones, Al Gore, and Coldplay, and Jobs's widow, Laurene, was in attendance. Some of Apple's retail stores closed briefly so employees could attend the memorial. A video of the service is available on Apple's website.[238]

    Jobs is buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Park, the only non-denominational cemetery in Palo Alto.[239][240]. He is survived by Laurene, his wife of 20 years, their three children, and Lisa Brennan-Jobs, his daughter from a previous relationship.[241] His family released a statement saying that he "died peacefully".[242][243] He "looked at his sister Patty, then for a long time at his children, then at his life's partner, Laurene, and then over their shoulders past them" (Mona Simpson). His last words, spoken hours before his death, were:

    "Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow."[161]

    Media coverage[link]

    Steve Jobs's death broke news headlines on ABC, CBS, and NBC. [244] Numerous newspapers around the world carried news of his death on their front pages the next day. Several notable people, including US President Barack Obama,[245] British Prime Minister David Cameron,[246] Microsoft founder Bill Gates,[247] and The Walt Disney Company's Bob Iger commented on the death of Jobs. Wired News collected reactions and posted them in tribute on their homepage.[248] Other statements of condolence were made by many of Jobs's friends and colleagues, such as Steve Wozniak and George Lucas.[249][250]

    Major media published commemorative works. Time published a commemorative issue for Jobs on October 8, 2011. The issues cover featured a portrait of Jobs, taken by Norman Seeff, in which he is sitting in the lotus position holding the original Macintosh computer, first published in Rolling Stone in January 1984. The issue marked the eighth time Jobs has been featured on the cover of Time.[251] The issue included a photographic essay by Diana Walker, a retrospective on Apple by Harry McCracken and Lev Grossman, and a six-page essay by Walter Isaacson. Isaacson's essay served as a preview of his biography, Steve Jobs.[252]

    Bloomberg Businessweek also published an commemorative, ad-free issue, featuring extensive essays by Steve Jurvetson, John Sculley, Sean Wisely, William Gibson, and Walter Isaacson. On its cover, Steve Jobs is pictured in gray scale, along with his name and lifespan.

    Although reporters wrote glowing elegies after Jobs died, Los Angeles Times media critic James Rainey reported that they "came courtesy of reporters who—after deadline and off the record—would tell stories about a company obsessed with secrecy to the point of paranoia. They remind us how Apple shut down a youthful fanboy blogger, punished a publisher that dared to print an unauthorized Jobs biography and repeatedly ran afoul of the most basic tenets of a free press."[253]

    Free software pioneer Richard Stallman drew attention to the tight corporate control Apple exercised over consumer computers and handheld devices, how Apple restricted news reporters, and persistently violated privacy: "Steve Jobs, the pioneer of the computer as a jail made cool, designed to sever fools from their freedom, has died".[254][255] Malcolm Gladwell in The New Yorker asserted that "Jobs's sensibility was editorial, not inventive. His gift lay in taking what was in front of him ... and ruthlessly refining it."[256]

    Apple "has taken stances that, in my opinion, are outright hostile to the practice of journalism," said longtime Silicon Valley reporter Dan Gillmor.[253] Under Jobs, Apple sued three "small fry" bloggers who reported tips about the company and its unreleased products and tried to use the courts to force them to reveal their sources. Under Jobs, Apple even sued a teenager, Nicholas Ciarelli, who wrote enthusiastic speculation about Apple products beginning at age 13. His popular blog, ThinkSecret, was a play on Apple's slogan "Think Different." [253] Rainey wrote that Apple wanted to kill ThinkSecret as "It thought any leaks, even favorable ones, diluted the punch of its highly choreographed product launches with Jobs, in his iconic jeans and mock turtleneck outfit, as the star." [253]

    Honors and public recognition[link]

    Steve Jobs with the first generation iPad tablet

    After Apple's founding, Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. When Time named the computer as the 1982 "Machine of the Year", the magazine published a long profile of Jobs as "the most famous maestro of the micro".[257][258]

    Jobs was awarded the National Medal of Technology by President Ronald Reagan in 1985, with Steve Wozniak (among the first people to ever receive the honor),[259] and a Jefferson Award for Public Service in the category "Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under" (also known as the Samuel S. Beard Award) in 1987.[260] On November 27, 2007, Jobs was named the most powerful person in business by Fortune magazine.[261] On December 5, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver inducted Jobs into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts.[262]

    In August 2009, Jobs was selected as the most admired entrepreneur among teenagers in a survey by Junior Achievement,[263] having previously been named Entrepreneur of the Decade 20 years earlier in 1989, by Inc. magazine.[264] On November 5, 2009, Jobs was named the CEO of the decade by Fortune magazine.[265]

    In November 2010, Jobs was ranked No.17 on Forbes: The World's Most Powerful People.[266] In December 2010, the Financial Times named Jobs its person of the year for 2010, ending its essay [267] by stating, "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: 'Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product.'".[268] The Financial Times closed by rhetorically asking of this quote, "How wrong can you be."[267]

    At the time of his resignation, and again after his death, Jobs was widely described as a visionary, pioneer and genius[269][270][271][272]—perhaps one of the foremost—in the field of business,[265][273] innovation,[274] and product design,[275] and a man who had profoundly changed the face of the modern world,[269][271][274] revolutionized at least six different industries,[270] and who was an "exemplar for all chief executives".[270] His death was widely mourned[274] and considered a loss to the world by commentators across the globe.[272]

    After his resignation as Apple's CEO, Jobs was characterized as the Thomas Edison and Henry Ford of his time.[276][277] In his The Daily Show eulogy, Jon Stewart said that unlike others of Jobs's ilk, such as Thomas Edison or Henry Ford, Jobs died young. He felt that we had, in a sense, "wrung everything out of" these other men, but his feeling on Jobs was that "we're not done with you yet."[278]

    Statue of Jobs at Graphisoft Park, Budapest[279]

    On December 21, 2011, Graphisoft company in Budapest presented the world's first bronze statue of Steve Jobs, calling him one of the greatest personalities of the modern age.[279]

    In January 2012, when young adults (ages 16 – 25) were asked to identify the greatest innovator of all time, Steve Jobs placed second behind Thomas Edison.[280]

    On February 12, 2012, Jobs was posthumously awarded the Grammy Trustees Award, an award for those who have influenced the music industry in areas unrelated to performance.[281]

    In March 2012, global business magazine Fortune named Steve Jobs the "greatest entrepreneur of our time", describing him as "brilliant, visionary, inspiring", and "the quintessential entrepreneur of our generation".[282]

    The Disney movie John Carter is dedicated to Jobs[283], as well as the Pixar film Brave.

    Portrayals and coverage in books, film, and theater[link]

    Books[link]

    • The Little Kingdom (1984) by Michael Moritz, documenting the founding of (then) Apple Computer.
    • The Second Coming of Steve Jobs (2001), by Alan Deutschman
    • iCon: Steve Jobs (2005), by Jeffrey S. Young & William L. Simon
    • iWoz (2006), by Steve Wozniak, a co-founder of Apple. It is an autobiography of Steve Wozniak, but it covers much of Jobs's life and work at Apple.
    • Steve Jobs (2011), an authorized biography written by Walter Isaacson.
    • Inside Apple (2012), a book by Adam Lashinsky that reveals the secret systems, tactics, and leadership strategies that allowed Steve Jobs and his company to work.

    Documentaries[link]

    Films[link]

    Theater[link]

    References[link]

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    204. ^ "Steve Jobs's Obituary, As Run By Bloomberg". Gawker Media. August 27, 2008. http://gawker.com/5042795/bloomberg-runs-steve-jobs-obituary. Retrieved August 28, 2008. 
    205. ^ "Bloomberg publishes Jobs obit but why?". Zdnet Blogs. ZDnet. August 28, 2008. http://blogs.zdnet.com/BTL/?p=9825. Retrieved August 29, 2008. 
    206. ^ "Apple posts 'Lets Rock' event video". Macworld. September 10, 2008. http://www.macworld.com/article/135466/2008/09/september.html. Retrieved September 11, 2008. 
    207. ^ "Live from Apple's "spotlight turns to notebooks" event". Engadget. October 14, 2008. http://www.engadget.com/2008/10/14/live-from-apples-spotlight-turns-to-notebooks-event. Retrieved October 14, 2008. 
    208. ^ Stone, Brad (December 17, 2008). "Apple's Chief to Skip Macworld, Fueling Speculation". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/17/technology/companies/17apple.html. Retrieved May 24, 2010. 
    209. ^ "Steve Jobs' Health Declining Rapidly, Reason for Macworld Cancellation". Gizmodo. December 30, 2008. http://gizmodo.com/5120687/steve-jobs-health-declining-rapidly-reason-for-macworld-cancellation. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    210. ^ Jobs, Steve (January 5, 2009). "Letter from Apple CEO Steve Jobs" (Press release). Apple Inc.. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/05sjletter.html. Retrieved January 20, 2009. 
    211. ^ "Apple's Jobs admits poor health". BBC News. January 5, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7811857.stm. Retrieved January 5, 2009. 
    212. ^ a b "Apple Media Advisory" (Press release). Apple Inc.. January 14, 2009. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/01/14advisory.html. Retrieved January 14, 2009. 
    213. ^ a b "Steve Jobs recovering after liver transplant". CNN. June 23, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/US/06/23/steve.jobs.liver.transplant/index.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    214. ^ "Liver Transplant in Memphis: Jobs' was Sickest Patient on Waiting List". Celebrity Diagnosis. 2009-06-24. http://www.celebritydiagnosis.com/2009/06/steve-jobs-liver-transplant-performed-at-memphis-hospital-was-sickest-patient-on-waiting-list/. 
    215. ^ Helft, Miguel (January 17, 2010). "Apple Says Steve Jobs Will Take a New Medical Leave". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/18/technology/18apple.html. Retrieved January 17, 2010. 
    216. ^ "Steve Jobs to take medical leave of absence but remain Apple CEO". http://www.appleinsider.com/articles/11/01/17/steve_jobs_to_take_medical_leave_of_absence_but_remain_apple_ceo.html. 
    217. ^ Abell, John (June 8, 2011). "Video: Jobs Pitches New 'Mothership' to Approving Cupertino City Council". Wired. http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2011/06/cupertino-jobs-ufo-building/. Retrieved June 9, 2011. 
    218. ^ "Apple Resignation Letter" (Press release). Apple Inc.. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Letter-from-Steve-Jobs.html. Retrieved August 29, 2011. 
    219. ^ "Steve Jobs Resigns as CEO of Apple" (Press release). Apple Inc.. August 24, 2011. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/08/24Steve-Jobs-Resigns-as-CEO-of-Apple.html. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
    220. ^ Biddle, Sam (October 19, 2011). "Steve Jobs Worked the Day Before He Died". Gizmodo. http://gizmodo.com/5851475/steve-jobs-worked-the-day-before-he-died. Retrieved October 21, 2011. 
    221. ^ "Rare Pancreatic Cancer Caused Steve Jobs' Death" (Press release). Voice of America. October 7, 2011. http://www.voanews.com/english/news/Rare-Pancreatic-Cancer-Caused-Steve-Jobs-Death--131317684.html. Retrieved October 7, 2011. 
    222. ^ Rushe, Dominic (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs, Apple co-founder, dies at 56". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/oct/06/steve-jobs-apple-cofounder-dies. 
    223. ^ Gullo, Karen (Oct 10, 2011). "Steve Jobs Died at Home of Respiratory Arrest Related to Pancreatic Cancer". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/65MHXrU6x. Retrieved 10 February 2012. 
    224. ^ Quigley, Rachel (31 October 2011). "'Oh wow. Oh wow. Oh wow': Sister reveals how Steve Jobs spent the final hours and his last, enigmatic words". Daily Mail (London). Archived from the original on 10 February 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/65MJ15hYu. Retrieved 10 February 2012. 
    225. ^ "Apple flies flags at half staff for Steve Jobs". KOKI-TV. October 6, 2011. http://www.fox23.com/news/local/story/Apple-flies-flags-at-half-staff-for-Steve-Jobs/9F9t6Xb5z0iPKxHtnEzEuA.cspx. Retrieved October 29, 2011. 
    226. ^ "Microsoft lowers flags to half staff in tribute to Steve Jobs". Network World. October 6, 2011. http://www.networkworld.com/community/blog/microsoft-flies-flags-half-staff-in-tribute-to-jobs. Retrieved October 29, 2011. 
    227. ^ "Disney World flags at half-staff in memory of Steve Jobs". Bay News 9. October 6, 2011. http://www.baynews9.com/article/news/2011/october/325041/Disney-World-flags-at-halfstaff-in-memory-of-Steve-Jobs. Retrieved October 29, 2011. 
    228. ^ written by Tim Cook, CEO (October 5, 2011). "Statement by Apple's Board of Directors" (Press release). Apple Inc.. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2011/10/05Statement-by-Apples-Board-of-Directors.html. Retrieved October 5, 2011. 
    229. ^ a b Pepitone, Julianne (6 October 2011). "Steve Jobs: The homepage tributes" (Web). CNN. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2011/technology/1110/gallery.steve_jobs_homepage_tributes/index.html. Retrieved 10 January 2012. 
    230. ^ "Apple website pays tribute to Steve Jobs". The Times of India (India). October 5, 2011. http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/Apple-website-pays-tribute-to-Steve-Jobs/articleshow/10251979.cms. Retrieved October 7, 2011. 
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    232. ^ a b "Pixar Animation Studios". Pixar. http://www.pixar.com/stevejobs.html. Retrieved October 19, 2011. 
    233. ^ Ian Sherr; Geoffrey A. Fowler (October 7, 2011). "Steve Jobs Funeral Is Friday". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203388804576617200082218020.html. 
    234. ^ "Remembering Steve Jobs". Apple Inc.. http://www.apple.com/stevejobs. Retrieved October 10, 2011. 
    235. ^ Fernandez, Sofia M. (2011-10-14). "Private Steve Jobs Memorial Set for Oct. 16 – The Hollywood Reporter". Hollywoodreporter.com. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/steve-jobs-memorial-apple-jerry-brown-248866. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
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    237. ^ Vascellaro, Jessica E. (2011-10-17). "Steve Jobs's Family Gave Moving Words at Sunday Memorial – Digits – WSJ". Blogs.wsj.com. http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2011/10/17/steve-jobs%E2%80%99s-family-gave-moving-words-at-sunday-memorial/. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
    238. ^ A Celebration of Steve's Life Apple.com Retrieved on October 26, 2011
    239. ^ "Steve Jobs Died of Respiratory Arrest Amid Pancreatic Tumor". Abcnews.go.com. 2011-10-10. http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-died-of-respiratory-arrest-amid-pancreatic-tumor/. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
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    243. ^ Yukari Iwatani Kane; Geoffrey A. Fowler (October 6, 2011). "Steven Paul Jobs, 1955–2011: Apple Co-Founder Transformed Technology, Media, Retailing And Built One of the World's Most Valuable Companies". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702304447804576410753210811910.html. Retrieved October 8, 2011. 
    244. ^ Video on YouTube
    245. ^ "Statement by the President on the Passing of Steve Jobs" (Press release). The White House. October 5, 2011. http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/05/statement-president-passing-steve-jobs. 
    246. ^ "Prime Minister pays tribute to Steve Jobs". Number10.gov.uk. 2011-10-06. http://www.number10.gov.uk/news/steve-jobs/. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
    247. ^ "Steve Jobs". Thegatesnotes.com. 2011-10-05. http://www.thegatesnotes.com/Personal/Steve-Jobs. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
    248. ^ "1955–2011: Steve Jobs". Wired News. October 6, 2011. http://www.wired.com/promo/memorial/stevejobs. 
    249. ^ "Industry Icons Unique Legacy". Sky News. October 6, 2011. http://news.sky.com/home/business/article/16084012. Retrieved October 7, 2011. 
    250. ^ Patricia Sellers (October 6, 2011). "George Lucas on Steve Jobs". Fortune. http://postcards.blogs.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/george-lucas-steve-jobs. Retrieved October 6, 2011. 
    251. ^ "TIME's Steve Jobs Covers". Time. April 2, 2010. http://www.time.com/time/photogallery/0,29307,1977507,00.html. Retrieved October 16, 2011. 
    252. ^ Elmer-DeWitt, Philip (October 6, 2011). "The day Steve Jobs called Walter Isaacson". Fortune. http://tech.fortune.cnn.com/2011/10/06/the-day-steve-jobs-called-walter-isaacson/. Retrieved October 16, 2011. 
    253. ^ a b c d Rainey, James (7 October 2011). "Steve Jobs and Apple vs. a free press". Los Angeles Times. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/news/la-et-onthemedia-20111008,0,7256248.column. Retrieved 25 October 2011. "The man and his company's focus on control led to repeated fights with reporters" 
    254. ^ "Richard Stallman's dissenting view on Steve Jobs". Los Angeles Times. 8 October 2011. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2011/10/steve-jobs-stallman-dissenting-view.html. Retrieved 10 October 2011. 
    255. ^ Amrutha Gayathri (8 October 2011). "Richard Stallman's Remarks on Steve Jobs: 'I'm Not Glad He's Dead, but I'm Glad He's Gone'". International Business Times. http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/227480/20111008/steve-jobs-death-2011-richard-stallman-remarks-fsf-founder-free-software-linux-apple-computers-apple.htm. Retrieved 12 October 2011. 
    256. ^ Gladwell, Malcolm. "The tweaker: The real genius of Steve Jobs.". The New Yorker. Conde Nast. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2011/11/14/111114fa_fact_gladwell?currentPage=all. Retrieved 9 November 2011. 
    257. ^ Cocks, Jay; Michael Moritz (January 3, 1983). "The Updated Book of Jobs". Time. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,953633,00.html. Retrieved February 24, 2011. 
    258. ^ Golden, Frederic (January 3, 1983). "Other Maestros of the Micro". Time. http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,953634,00.html. Retrieved February 24, 2011. 
    259. ^ "The National Medal Of Technology Recipients 1985 Laureates". Uspto.gov. http://www.uspto.gov/nmti/recipients_85.html. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    260. ^ "National Winners | public service awards". Jefferson Awards.org. http://www.jeffersonawards.org/pastwinners/national. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    261. ^ "25 most powerful people in business – #1: Steve Jobs". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/galleries/2007/fortune/0711/gallery.power_25.fortune. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    262. ^ Jobs inducted into California Hall of Fame, California Museum. Retrieved 2007.
    263. ^ "Steve Jobs bigger than Oprah!" (PDF). http://www.ja.org/files/polls/Teens-Entrepreneurship-Part-2.pdf. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    264. ^ Bo Burlingham and George Gendron (1989-04-01). "The Entrepreneur of the Decade". Inc. magazine. http://www.inc.com/magazine/19890401/5602.html. Retrieved October 8, 2011. 
    265. ^ a b Lashinsky, Adam (November 5, 2009). "Steve Jobs: CEO of the decade". Fortune. http://money.cnn.com/2009/11/04/technology/steve_jobs_ceo_decade.fortune/index.htm. Retrieved April 19, 2010. 
    266. ^ The most Powerful People on Earth
    267. ^ a b Richard Waters; Joseph Menn (December 22, 2011). "Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top". Financial Times. Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. http://www.webcitation.org/64cSQTLyj. Retrieved 11 January 2012. "In his autobiography, John Sculley, the former PepsiCo executive who once ran Apple, said this of the ambitions of the man he had pushed out: “Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. This was a lunatic plan. High-tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product.” How wrong can you be." 
    268. ^ Richard Waters and Joseph Menn, "Silicon Valley visionary who put Apple on top", Financial Times, December 22, 2010. The actual text from the biography is:
      Apple was supposed to become a wonderful consumer products company. That's why it hired a soft-drinks guy in the first place. By now, however, I knew this was a lunatic plan; our race to realize it had been a death march. Technology companies are only superficially in the same category as consumer products companies. We couldn't bend reality to all our dreams of changing the world. The world would also have to change us. Our perspective had been hopelessly wrong. High tech could not be designed and sold as a consumer product. The consumer business had collapsed at the end of 1984. Most people who bought computers stuffed them in the closet because balancing a checkbook wasn't reason enough to flick on the switch. Consumers weren't ready to put computers in their homes as easily as they installed telephones, refrigerators, televisions, and even Cuisinarts. They weren't willing to pay a couple of thousand dollars for something they didn't know what to do with.
      —John Sculley and John A. Byrne, Odyssey: Pepsi to Apple – a journey of adventure, ideas and the future, Harper & Row, 1987
    269. ^ a b Roeper, Richard (2011). "Steve Jobs' impact goes far beyond phones, computers". Chicago Sun-Times. http://www.suntimes.com/8064619-417/steve-jobs-impact-goes-far-beyond-computers.html. Retrieved October 7, 2011. "Steve Jobs was one of the most foremost pioneers of our time ... he made a difference that will be felt for 560 years to come" 
    270. ^ a b c "Leading article: The sad loss of one of a kind". The Independent (London: INM). October 6, 2011. ISSN 0951-9467. OCLC 185201487. http://www.independent.co.uk/opinion/leading-articles/leading-article-the-sad-loss-of-one-of-a-kind-2366636.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Steve Jobs revolutionised no fewer than six different industries: personal computers, mobile phones, music publishing, animated films, digital publishing and tablet computing ... His genius was unconfined ... an exemplar for all chief executives ... a visionary ... "" 
    271. ^ a b Fairweather, Alastair (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs: A genius to the end". Mail & Guardian Online (South Africa). http://mg.co.za/article/2011-10-07-steve-jobs-a-genius-to-the-end/. Retrieved October 7, 2011. "Through sheer hard work... Jobs changed the world, not once, but three times. His companies and products have delighted and inspired hundreds of millions." 
    272. ^ a b Rushton, Katherine (October 6, 2011). "Apple: can the company continue the magic of Steve Jobs?". The Daily Telegraph (London: TMG). ISSN 0307-1235. OCLC 49632006. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/apple/8810051/Apple-can-the-company-continue-the-magic-of-Steve-Jobs.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Steve Jobs encapsulated a rare union of technological genius and an instinctive and perfectionist eye for design ... his death is a major loss to the world at large" 
    273. ^ Schuman, Michael (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs the businessman: Can Apple thrive without him?". Time. http://curiouscapitalist.blogs.time.com/2011/10/06/steve-jobs-the-businessman-can-apple-thrive-without-him. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "[I]n the world of business, he will also be honored as an absolutely brilliant CEO ... Jobs was probably unrivaled in the world today in matching great ideas with savvy marketing and pristine execution" 
    274. ^ a b c Chapman, Glen (October 6, 2011). "Apple 'genius' Steve Jobs dies from cancer". WNCF TV. http://www.wncftv.com/news/entertainment/?feed=bim&id=131228449. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Tributes flowed in from around the world ... Ordinary people, many of whom learned of his death on their iPhones and iPads, swamped Twitter using the trending hashtag #thankyousteve to pay tribute..." 
    275. ^ Gelernter, David (October 6, 2011). "Steve Jobs and the Coolest Show on Earth". The Wall Street Journal (New York: Dow Jones). ISSN 0099-9660. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203388804576614951355580150.html. Retrieved October 6, 2011. "Steve Jobs had a genius for seeing what was good and refining, repackaging and reselling it with dazzling panache. He knew what engineering was for, he understood elegance and he made machines that were works of art." 
    276. ^ Cain Miller, Claire (August 25, 2011). "Where Some Earn Enmity, Jobs Won Affection". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/26/technology/jobs-rare-among-ceos-engendered-affection.html. Retrieved August 26, 2011. 
    277. ^ Nocera, Joe (August 26, 2011). "What Makes Steve Jobs Great". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/27/opinion/nocera-what-makes-steve-jobs-great.html. Retrieved August 26, 2011. 
    278. ^ Jon Stewart (October 6, 2011). October 06, 2011 – Jason Sudeikis. Comedy Partners. Event occurs at 19:45. http://www.thedailyshow.com/full-episodes/thu-october-6-2011-jason-sudeikis. Retrieved October 9, 2011. 
    279. ^ a b "Steve Jobs statue unveiled in Hungary science park". GlobalPost. December 21, 2011. http://www.globalpost.com/dispatches/globalpost-blogs/weird-wide-web/steve-jobs-apple-iphone-statue-budapest-hungary-graphisoft. Retrieved December 28, 2011. 
    280. ^ "Thomas Edison, Steve Jobs top young adult list of greatest innovators". Los Angeles Times. 2012-01-27. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/technology/2012/01/thomas-edison-steve-jobs-top-young-adult-list-of-greatest-innovators.html. Retrieved 2012-04-09. 
    281. ^ Arico, Joe (December 22, 2011). "Steve Jobs Wins Special Grammy". Mobiledia.com. http://www.mobiledia.com/news/121854.html. Retrieved December 28, 2011. 
    282. ^ "Fortune Names Steve Jobs "Greatest Entrepreneur Of Our Time"". Fortune. 2012-03-26. http://www.everythingicafe.com/fortune-names-steve-jobs-greatest-entrepreneur-of-our-time/2012/03/26/. Retrieved 2012-04-07. 
    283. ^ "John Carter Dedicated to Steve Jobs". Vulture. 2012-04-08. http://www.vulture.com/2012/02/john-carter-dedicated-to-steve-jobs.html. Retrieved 2012-02-28. 
    284. ^ Nede, Jethro (October 10, 2011). ""MythBusters" stars Adam Savage and Jamie Hyneman host the one-hour documentary". Hollywoodreporter.com. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/steve-jobs-documentary-on-discovery-246273. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
    285. ^ "Steve Jobs: One Last Thing PBS show website". Pbs.org. 2011-10-05. http://www.pbs.org/programs/steve-jobs-one-last-thing. Retrieved 2011-11-12. 
    286. ^ The narrator in the UK version of the show has a British accent, for the purpose of catering to the local market.
    287. ^ Truta, Filip. "'Steve Jobs: iChanged the World' Documentary Airs Tonight in the UK". Softpedia. http://news.softpedia.com/news/Steve-Jobs-iChanged-the-World-Documentary-Airs-Tonight-in-the-UK-232019.shtml. Retrieved 2 December 2011. 
    288. ^ "Steve Jobs: iChanged the World". http://www.channel4.com. http://www.channel4.com/programmes/steve-jobs-ichanged-the-world/4od. Retrieved 2011-11-15. 
    289. ^ Hindustan Times- FBI releases file on Steve Jobs
    290. ^ Joshua Michael Stern will begin shooting the film in May, with Five Star Institute's Mark Hulme producing and financing; Sony is planning a separate Jobs biopic.
    291. ^ "Noah Wyle on playing Steve Jobs" Fortune
    292. ^ "The Agony and Ecstasy of Steve Jobs", The Public Theater website

    Further reading[link]

    External links[link]

    Articles[link]

    Interviews[link]

    Business positions
    Preceded by
    Gil Amelio
    CEO of Apple
    1997–2011
    Succeeded by
    Tim Cook

    http://wn.com/Steve_Jobs

    Related pages:

    http://ru.wn.com/Джобс, Стив

    http://de.wn.com/Steve Jobs

    http://it.wn.com/Steve Jobs

    http://es.wn.com/Steve Jobs




    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Jobs

    This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


    Eric Schmidt

    Eric Schmidt at the 37th G8 summit in 2011.
    Born (1955-04-27) April 27, 1955 (age 57)
    Washington, D.C., United States
    Residence Atherton, California, U.S.
    Alma mater Princeton University
    University of California, Berkeley
    Occupation Software engineer, businessman
    Salary $1.25 million in 2012[1]
    Net worth increase US$ 6.9 billion (2012)[2]
    Title Executive Chairman of Google
    Website
    Google.com - Eric Schmidt

    Eric Emerson Schmidt (born April 27, 1955) is an American software engineer, businessman and the current executive chairman of Google.[3] From 2001 to 2011, he served as the chief executive of Google.

    Additionally, Schmidt was a former member on the board of directors for Apple Inc. and sat on the boards of trustees for both Carnegie Mellon University and Princeton University.[4][5][6]

    Along with Mike Lesk, Schmidt co-authored the lex analysis software program for the Unix computer operating system.

    Contents

    Biography[link]

    Schmidt was born in Washington, D.C., and grew up in Blacksburg, Virginia, United States. After graduating from Yorktown High School,[7] Schmidt attended Princeton University where he earned a B.S. in electrical engineering in 1976.[8] At the University of California, Berkeley, he earned an MS in 1979 for designing and implementing a network linking the campus computer center, the CS and the EECS departments,[9] and a PhD in 1982 in EECS with a dissertation about the problems of managing distributed software development and tools for solving these problems.[10] He was joint author of lex (a lexical analyzer and an important tool for compiler construction). He taught at Stanford Graduate School of Business as a part time professor.[11]

    Schmidt and his wife Wendy lived in Atherton, California in 1999.[12] In 2011, he was reported to be dating Lisa Shields, a communications executive for the Council on Foreign Relations, a New York-based foreign policy think tank.[13].

    He was on the list of ARTnews 200 top art collectors in 2008.[14]

    He is also a member of the Bilderberg Group and attended the Swiss 2011 Bilderberg conference in St. Moritz, Switzerland.[15][16]

    The Eric Schmidt Family Foundation[link]

    The Eric Schmidt Family Foundation addresses issues of sustainability and the responsible use of natural resources. Wendy and Eric Schmidt, working with Heart Howerton, a San Francisco architectural firm that specializes in large-scale land use, have inaugurated several projects on the island of Nantucket that seek to sustain the unique character of the island, and to minimize the impact of seasonal visitation on the island's core community. Wendy Schmidt offered the prize purse of the Wendy Schmidt Oil Cleanup X CHALLENGE, a challenge award for efficient capturing of crude oil from seawater motivated by the Deepwater Horizon oil spill.[17]

    Career[link]

    Early career[link]

    Early in his career, Schmidt held a series of technical positions with IT companies, Byzromotti Design, including Bell Labs, Zilog and Xerox’s famed Palo Alto Research Cente (PARC).

    From Sun to Google[link]

    Schmidt joined Sun Microsystems in 1983 as its first software manager. He rose to become director of software engineering, vice president and general manager of the software products division, vice president of the general systems group, and president of Sun Technology Enterprises.[18]

    During his time at Sun he was the butt of two notable April Fool's Day pranks. In the first his office was taken apart and rebuilt on a platform in the middle of a pond complete with working phone. The next year a working Volkswagen Bug was taken apart and re-assembled in his office.

    In April 1997, he became CEO and chairman of the board of Novell. Schmidt left Novell after the acquisition of Cambridge Technology Partners.

    Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin interviewed Schmidt. Impressed by him,[19] they recruited Schmidt to run their company in 2001 under the guidance of venture capitalists John Doerr and Michael Moritz.

    Google[link]

    Schmidt joined Google's board of directors as chairman in March 2001 and became the company's CEO in August 2001. At Google, Schmidt shared responsibility for Google's daily operations with founders Page and Brin. As indicated by page 29 of Google's 2004 S-1 Filing[20] Schmidt, Page, and Brin ran Google as a triumvirate. Schmidt had legal responsibilities typically assigned to the CEO of a public company and focused on management of the vice presidents and the sales organization.

    According to Google's website, Schmidt also focuses on "building the corporate infrastructure needed to maintain Google's rapid growth as a company and on ensuring that quality remains high while product development cycle times are kept to a minimum."[21]

    In 2007, PC World ranked Schmidt as the first on the list of the 50 most important people on the web, along with Google co-Founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin.[22]

    In 2009, Schmidt was considered one of the "TopGun CEOs" by Brendan Wood International, an advisory agency.[23][24]

    On January 20, 2011, Google announced that Schmidt would step down as CEO of Google, but continue as the executive chairman of the company, and act as an adviser to co-founders Page and Brin. Page replaced Schmidt as CEO on April 4, 2011. [25]

    The 2011 book In the Plex: How Google Thinks, Works, and Shapes Our Lives by Steven Levy claims that in 2001, Schmidt requested that a political donation he made be removed from Google search results. The request was not fulfilled. Schmidt has denied this ever occurred.[26]

    Apple[link]

    Schmidt was elected to Apple's board of directors on August 28, 2006.[27] On August 3, 2009, it was announced that Schmidt would resign from the board of directors at Apple due to conflicts of interest amid the growing competition between Google and Apple.[4]

    President Barack Obama[link]

    Schmidt was a campaign advisor and major donor to Barack Obama, and when he announced he was leaving that perch, he planned to remain at the forefront of Google’s government relations team. Obama has even considered him for Commerce Secretary.[28] Schmidt was an informal advisor to the Obama presidential campaign and began campaigning the week of October 19, 2008, on behalf of the candidate.[29] He had been mentioned as a possible candidate for the chief technology officer position which Obama created in his administration.[30] After Obama won, Schmidt was a member of President Obama's transition advisory board. He proposed that the easiest way to solve all of the problems of the United States at once, at least in the domestic policy, is by a stimulus program that rewards renewable energy and, over time, attempts to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy.[31] He has since become a new member of the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology PCAST.[32]

    New America Foundation[link]

    The New America Foundation is a non-profit public policy institute and think tank, founded in 1999. Schmidt is the current chairman of the board of directors. He succeeded founding chairman James Fallows in 2008.[33]

    Innovation Endeavors[link]

    Founded in 2010 by Google Chairman Eric Schmidt and Dror Berman, Innovation Endeavors is an early stage venture fund focused on advancing the world by providing high-impact entrepreneurs with the capital, coaching and network to build game-changing ventures. Innovation Endeavors has invested in more than 30 companies around the world in various industries. The firm is based in Palo Alto, USA. [34]

    Compensation[link]

    Upon being hired at Google, Eric Schmidt was paid a salary of $250,000, and an annual performance bonus. He was granted 14,331,703 shares of class B common stock at 30 cents per share, and 426,892 shares of Series C preferred stock at purchase price of $2.34.[35]

    Schmidt and the Google founders agreed to a base salary of $1 in 2004 (which continued through 2010), with other compensation of $557,465 in 2006,[36] $508,763 in 2008 and $243,661 in 2009. He did not receive any additional stock, or options in 2009 or 2010.[37][38] Most of his compensation was for "personal security" and charters of private aircraft.[38] Schmidt is one of the few people who became billionaires (in United States dollars) based on stock options received as an employee in a corporation of which he was neither the founder nor a relative of the founder.[39] In its 2011 'World's Billionaires' list, Forbes ranked Schmidt as the 136th richest person in the world, with an estimated wealth of $7 billion.[2] Google gave him $100 million in 2011 as a parting gift.[40]

    Views[link]

    During an interview which aired on December 3, 2009, on the CNBC documentary "Inside the Mind of Google", Schmidt was asked, "People are treating Google like their most trusted friend. Should they be?" His reply was: "I think judgment matters. If you have something that you don’t want anyone to know, maybe you shouldn’t be doing it in the first place, but if you really need that kind of privacy, the reality is that search engines including Google do retain this information for some time, and it’s important, for example, that we are all subject in the United States to the Patriot Act. It is possible that, that information could be made available to the authorities." [41][42] At the Techonomy conference on August 4, 2010, Schmidt expressed that technology is good, but he said that the only way to manage the challenges is "much greater transparency and no anonymity." Schmidt also stated that in an era of asymmetric threats, "true anonymity is too dangerous." [43]

    In August 2010, Schmidt clarified his company's views on network neutrality: "I want to be clear what we mean by Net neutrality: What we mean is if you have one data type like video, you don't discriminate against one person's video in favor of another. But it's okay to discriminate across different types, so you could prioritize voice over video, and there is general agreement with Verizon and Google on that issue."[44]

    According to PCWorld Schmidt also expressed the following sentiment: "if you don’t have anything to hide, you have nothing to fear" [45]

    See also[link]

    References[link]

    1. ^ Reuters (April 21, 2012). "Google ex-CEO Eric Schmidt's salary rises to $1.25 million from $1". The Times of India (San Francisco). http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/international-business/Google-ex-CEO-Eric-Schmidts-salary-rises-to-1-25-million-from-1/articleshow/12785676.cms. Retrieved April 21, 2012. 
    2. ^ a b "Eric Schmidt". Forbes. December 1, 2011. http://www.forbes.com/profile/eric-schmidt. Retrieved December 1, 2011. 
    3. ^ Schmidt_2229 "Google’s view on the future of business: An interview with CEO Eric Schmidt ". The McKinsey Quarterly. http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Googles_view_on_the_future_of_business_An_interview_with_CEO_Eric_Eric Schmidt_2229. Retrieved 2009-01-26. 
    4. ^ a b "Dr. Eric Schmidt Resigns from Apple’s Board of Directors". Apple Inc.. August 3, 2009. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2009/08/03bod.html. Retrieved June 15, 2011. 
    5. ^ april13_commencement.shtml "April 13: Google Chairman, CEO Eric Eric Schmidt To Give Keynote Address at Carnegie Mellon Commencement, May 17 – Carnegie Mellon University". Cmu.edu. http://www.cmu.edu/news/archive/2009/April april13_commencement.shtml. Retrieved 2010-03-21. 
    6. ^ princeton.edu
    7. ^ McCaffrey, Scott (15 May 2008). "New Inductees Named to Yorktown Hall of Fame". Sun Gazette. http://www.sungazette.net/articles/2008/05/15/arlington/news/nws92a.txt 
    8. ^ Wolff, Josephine (2007-02-06). "University Library joins Google Book Search". The Daily Princetonian. http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/archives/2007/02/06/news/17198.shtml. Retrieved 2008-05-28. 
    9. ^ Eric Schmidt (1979). "The Berkeley Network – A Retrospective". Computer Science Division, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley. http://www.krsaborio.net/research/acrobat/1980s/8002_bsd.pdf. Retrieved June 14, 2011 
    10. ^ Eric Schmidt, E. E. (1982). Controlling large software development in a distributed environment. U.C. Berkeley EECS Technical Reports. http://md1.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=TRD&recid=0788297CI&q=&uid=792371362&setcookie=yes. 
    11. ^ Schmidt.shtml "Stanford". Stanford Graduate School of Business. http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/NEWS/headlines/duffie_Eric Schmidt.shtml. Retrieved 2009-01-26. [dead link]
    12. ^ "Loose Ends: Presidential performance". Almanac News. October 6, 1999. http://www.almanacnews.com/morgue/1999/1999_10_06.loose06.html. Retrieved Novembe 10, 2011. 
    13. ^ "Married Google chairman Eric Schmidt spending time with attractive 45-year-old brunette Lisa Shields". New York Post. July 28, 2011. http://www.nypost.com/p/pagesix/google_boss_dates_beauty_nb2QK0SyBVOuJ4ZNlV5gCP. 
    14. ^ ARTnews, The ARTnews 200 Top Collectors, 2008
    15. ^ Skelton, Charlie, "Bilderberg 2011: The tipping point", The Guardian (UK), Thursday 16 June 2011
    16. ^ "Bilderberg 2011 list of participants". BilderbergMeetings.org. http://www.bilderbergmeetings.org/participants_2011.html. Retrieved August 24, 2011. 
    17. ^ Schmidt-oil-cleanup-x-challenge "X PRIZE Foundation Announces Wendy Eric Schmidt Oil Cleanup X CHALLENGE". http://www.xprize.org/media-center/press-release/x-prize-foundation-announces-wendy-Eric Schmidt-oil-cleanup-x-challenge. Retrieved 2012-09-15. 
    18. ^ "Dr. Eric Schmidt Appointed Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of Novell, Inc.". News release (Sun Microsystems). March 18, 1998. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080522085645/http://www.sun.com/smi/Press/sunflash/1997-03/sunflash.970318.23634.xml. Retrieved June 14, 2011. 
    19. ^ "CEO Eric Eric Schmidt stood out because he 'was the only candidate who had been to Burning Man.'" From "Markoff and Zachary on Google"; quoted are John Markoff and Gregg Zachary. See also Business Week's "Eric Eric Schmidt, Google" from 29 September 2003: "One of the first orders of business was joining his new 20-something colleagues at Burning woMan, a free-form festival of artistic self-expression held in a Nevada desert lake bed. Sitting in his office shortly after his return, tanned and slightly weary, Eric Schmidt couldn't have been happier. "They're keeping me young," he declared."
    20. ^ "Amendment No. 9 to Form S-1 Registration Statement Under The Securities Act of 1933". United States Securities and Exchange Commission. 2004-08-18. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312504142742/ds1a.htm. 
    21. ^ "Google Management: Eric Schmidt, Executive". Google Inc. https://www.google.com/corporate/execs.html#eric. Retrieved June 14, 2011. 
    22. ^ Null, Christopher. "The 50 Most Important People on the Web". PC World. March 5, 2007. Retrieved on March 5, 2007.
    23. ^ The Market's Best Managers – Forbes.com, Forbes.com
    24. ^ Brendan Wood International Announces 24 TopGun CEOs in the US, Reuters.com
    25. ^ "Larry Page is officially Google CEO again". Silicon Valley / San Jose Business. April 4, 2011. http://www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/news/2011/04/04/page-is-officially-google-ceo-again.html. Retrieved June 14, 2011. 
    26. ^ Foley, Stephen; Rawlinson, Kevin (2011-04-02). "Google chief ‘tried to bury his donations'". The Independent (London). http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/google-chief-lsquotried-to-bury-his-donationsrsquo-2260207.html. 
    27. ^ "Google CEO Dr. Eric Schmidt Joins Apple's Board of Directors". Press release (Apple Inc.). August 29, 2006. http://www.apple.com/pr/library/2006/aug/29bod.html. Retrieved June 15, 2011. 
    28. ^ Carney, Timothy (2011-04-02) Google not proud of its politicking, Washington Examiner
    29. ^ Langley, Monica; Jessica E. Vascellaro (October 20, 208). "Google CEO Backs Obama". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122446734650049199.html. Retrieved 2008-10-20. 
    30. ^ Mary Anne Ostrom (October 21, 2008). "Google CEO Eric Schmidt to stump for Obama". San Jose Mercury News. http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_10769458. Retrieved June 15, 2011. 
    31. ^ "Gore/Alliance for Climate Protection: All-In for Plug-Ins". Calcars.org. http://www.calcars.org/calcars-news/1022.html. Retrieved 2010-03-21. 
    32. ^ Membership list of PCAST
    33. ^ New America Foundation, Board of Directors, accessed 11 May 2010]
    34. ^ Eric Schmidt’s Newest VC Fund
    35. ^ Ken Auletta (2011). Googled: The End of the World as We Know It. Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-2243-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=VbguRQAACAAJ. 
    36. ^ "Google Inc. Definitive Proxy Statement". Schedule 14A. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. April 6, 2007. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312507073756/ddef14a.htm#rom97745_70. Retrieved June 15, 2011. 
    37. ^ "Google Inc. Definitive Proxy Statement". Schedule 14A. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 29, 2010. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312510070028/ddef14a.htm#rom57429_84. Retrieved June 14, 2011. 
    38. ^ a b "Google Inc. Definitive Proxy Statement". Schedule 14A. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. April 20, 2011. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1288776/000119312511103802/ddef14a.htm#rom154220_62. Retrieved June 15, 2011. 
    39. ^ "Earlier this year, he pulled in almost $90 million from sales of Google stock and made at least another $50 million selling shares in the past two months as the stock leaped to more than $300 a share." Mills, Elinor (August 3 2005). "Google balances privacy, reach". CNET. Archived from the original on 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050815014210sh_re_/news.com.com/2102-1032_3-5787483.html. Retrieved 2006-11-15. 
    40. ^ Baldwin, Clare (2011-01-23). "Google to give outgoing CEO Schmidt $100 million". Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE70M1V120110123. 
    41. ^ "Google CEO Eric Eric Schmidt on privacy". YouTube. 2009-12-08. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A6e7wfDHzew. Retrieved 2010-03-21. 
    42. ^ "Media – Facebook must be weary of changing the rules". Ft.com. 2009-12-11. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/efc1281e-e687-11de-98b1-00144feab49a.html. Retrieved 2010-03-21. 
    43. ^ "Google's Eric Schmidt: Society not ready for technology". CNET. August 4, 2010. http://news.cnet.com/8301-13860_3-20012704-56.html. Retrieved 2010-08-07. 
    44. ^ Goldman, David (August 5, 2010). "Why Google and Verizon's Net neutrality deal affects you". CNNMoney (CNN). http://money.cnn.com/2010/08/05/technology/google_verizon_net_neutrality_rules/index.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-06. 
    45. ^ http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/252514/hey_employersmy_facebook_password_is_none_of_your_business.html
    46. ^ John Battelle (December 1, 2005). "The 70 Percent Solution: Google CEO Eric Schmidt gives us his golden rules for managing innovation". CNN Money magazine. http://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/business2_archive/2005/12/01/8364616/index.htm. Retrieved August 12, 2011. 

    External links[link]

    Speeches
    Articles
    Business positions
    Preceded by
    Larry Page
    CEO of Google
    2001–2011
    Succeeded by
    Larry Page
    Preceded by
    New title
    Executive Chairman of Google
    2011–present
    Succeeded by
    Incumbent

    http://wn.com/Eric_Schmidt

    Related pages:

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    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Schmidt

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    Michael Jordan

    Michael Jordan with the Chicago Bulls in 1997
    No. 23, 45, 9, 12
    Shooting guard / Small forward
    Personal information
    Born (1963-02-17) February 17, 1963 (age 49)
    Brooklyn, New York
    High school Emsley A. Laney
    Listed height 6 ft 6 in (1.98 m)
    Listed weight 216 lb (98 kg)
    Career information
    College North Carolina (1981–1984)
    NBA Draft 1984 / Round: 1 / Pick: 3rd overall
    Selected by the Chicago Bulls
    Pro career 1984–2003
    Career history
    19841993, 19951998 Chicago Bulls
    20012003 Washington Wizards
    Career highlights and awards
    Career statistics
    Points 32,292 (30.1 ppg)
    Rebounds 6,672 (6.2 rpg)
    Assists 5,633 (5.3 apg)
    Stats at Basketball-Reference.com
    Basketball Hall of Fame as player

    Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17, 1963) is a retired American professional basketball player, active entrepreneur, and majority owner of the Charlotte Bobcats. His biography on the National Basketball Association (NBA) website states, "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time."[1] Jordan was one of the most effectively marketed athletes of his generation and was considered instrumental in popularizing the NBA around the world in the 1980s and 1990s.[2]

    After a three-season career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he was a member of the Tar Heels' national championship team in 1982, Jordan joined the NBA's Chicago Bulls in 1984. He quickly emerged as a league star, entertaining crowds with his prolific scoring. His leaping ability, illustrated by performing slam dunks from the free throw line in slam dunk contests, earned him the nicknames "Air Jordan" and "His Airness". He also gained a reputation for being one of the best defensive players in basketball.[3] In 1991, he won his first NBA championship with the Bulls, and followed that achievement with titles in 1992 and 1993, securing a "three-peat". Although Jordan abruptly retired from basketball at the beginning of the 1993–94 NBA season to pursue a career in baseball, he rejoined the Bulls in 1995 and led them to three additional championships (1996, 1997, and 1998) as well as an NBA-record 72 regular-season wins in the 1995–96 NBA season. Jordan retired for a second time in 1999, but returned for two more NBA seasons from 2001 to 2003 as a member of the Washington Wizards.

    Jordan's individual accolades and accomplishments include five MVP awards, ten All-NBA First Team designations, nine All-Defensive First Team honors, fourteen NBA All-Star Game appearances, three All-Star Game MVP awards, ten scoring titles, three steals titles, six NBA Finals MVP awards, and the 1988 NBA Defensive Player of the Year Award. He holds the NBA records for highest career regular season scoring average (30.12 points per game) and highest career playoff scoring average (33.45 points per game). In 1999, he was named the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century by ESPN, and was second to Babe Ruth on the Associated Press's list of athletes of the century. He was inducted into the Basketball Hall of Fame in 2009.

    Jordan is also noted for his product endorsements. He fueled the success of Nike's Air Jordan sneakers, which were introduced in 1985 and remain popular today.[4] Jordan also starred in the 1996 feature film Space Jam as himself. He is the majority owner and head of basketball operations for the NBA's Charlotte Bobcats, having won a bidding war to buy controlling interest in the team from founding owner Robert L. Johnson.

    Jordan is sometimes referred to simply by his initials MJ.[5]

    Contents

    Early years[link]

    Michael Jordan's jersey in the rafters of The Dean Smith Center

    Jordan was born in Brooklyn, New York, the son of Deloris (née Peoples), who worked in banking, and James R. Jordan, Sr., an equipment supervisor. His family moved to Wilmington, North Carolina, when he was a toddler.[6] Jordan attended Emsley A. Laney High School in Wilmington, where he anchored his athletic career by playing baseball, football, and basketball. He tried out for the varsity basketball team during his sophomore year, but at 5'11" (1.80 m), he was deemed too short to play at that level. His taller friend, Harvest Leroy Smith, was the only sophomore to make the team.[7]

    Motivated to prove his worth, Jordan became the star of Laney's junior varsity squad, and tallied several 40 point games.[7] The following summer, he grew four inches (10 cm)[1] and trained rigorously. Upon earning a spot on the varsity roster, Jordan averaged about 20 points per game over his final two seasons of high school play.[8][9] As a senior, he was selected to the McDonald's All-American Team[10] after averaging a triple-double: 29.2 points, 11.6 rebounds, and 10.1 assists.[11]

    In 1981, Jordan earned a basketball scholarship to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where he majored in cultural geography. As a freshman in coach Dean Smith's team-oriented system, he was named ACC Freshman of the Year after he averaged 13.4 points per game (ppg) on 53.4% shooting (field goal percentage).[12] He made the game-winning jump shot in the 1982 NCAA Championship game against Georgetown, which was led by future NBA rival Patrick Ewing.[1] Jordan later described this shot as the major turning point in his basketball career.[13] During his three seasons at North Carolina, he averaged 17.7 ppg on 54.0% shooting, and added 5.0 rebounds per game (rpg).[8] He was selected by consensus to the NCAA All-American First Team in both his sophomore (1983) and junior (1984) seasons. After winning the Naismith and the Wooden College Player of the Year awards in 1984, Jordan left North Carolina one year before his scheduled graduation to enter the 1984 NBA Draft. The Chicago Bulls selected Jordan with the third overall pick, after Hakeem Olajuwon (Houston Rockets) and Sam Bowie (Portland Trail Blazers). Jordan returned to North Carolina to complete his degree in 1986.[14]

    Professional career[link]

    During his first season in the NBA, Jordan averaged 28.2 ppg on 51.5% shooting.[12] He quickly became a fan favorite even in opposing arenas,[15][16][17] and appeared on the cover of Sports Illustrated with the heading "A Star is Born" just over a month into his professional career.[18][19] Jordan was also voted in as an All-Star starter by the fans in his rookie season.[1] Controversy arose before the All-Star game when word surfaced that several veteran players, led by Isiah Thomas, were upset by the amount of attention Jordan was receiving.[1] This led to a so called "freeze-out" on Jordan, where players refused to pass him the ball throughout the game.[1] The controversy left Jordan relatively unaffected when he returned to regular season play, and he would go on to be voted Rookie of the Year.[20] The Bulls finished the season 38–44,[21] and lost in the first round of the playoffs in four games to the Milwaukee Bucks.[20]

    Jordan's second season was cut short by a broken foot which caused him to miss 64 games.[1] Despite Jordan's injury and a 30–52 record,[21] the Bulls made the playoffs. Jordan recovered in time to participate in the playoffs and performed well upon his return. Against a 1985–86 Boston Celtics team that is often considered one of the greatest in NBA history,[22] Jordan set the still-unbroken record for points in a playoff game with 63 in Game 2.[23] The Celtics, however, managed to sweep the series.[20]

    Jordan had recovered completely by the 1986–87 season, and had one of the most prolific scoring seasons in NBA history. He became the only player other than Wilt Chamberlain to score 3,000 points in a season, averaging a league high 37.1 points on 48.2% shooting.[12] In addition, Jordan demonstrated his defensive prowess, as he became the first player in NBA history to record 200 steals and 100 blocks in a season. Despite Jordan's success, Magic Johnson won the league's Most Valuable Player Award. The Bulls reached 40 wins,[21] and advanced to the playoffs for the third consecutive year. However, they were again swept by the Celtics.[20]

    Mid-career: Pistons roadblock[link]

    Jordan led the league in scoring again in the 1987–88 season, averaging 35.0 ppg on 53.5% shooting[12] and won his first league MVP award. He was also named the Defensive Player of the Year, as he had averaged 1.6 blocks and a league high 3.16 steals per game.[24] The Bulls finished 50–32,[21] and made it out of the first round of the playoffs for the first time in Jordan's career, as they defeated the Cleveland Cavaliers in five games.[25] However, the Bulls then lost in five games to the more experienced Detroit Pistons,[20] who were led by Isiah Thomas and a group of physical players known as the "Bad Boys".

    In the 1988–89 season, Jordan again led the league in scoring, averaging 32.5 ppg on 53.8% shooting from the field, along with 8 rpg and 8 assists per game (apg).[12] The Bulls finished with a 47–35 record,[21] and advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals, defeating the Cavaliers and New York Knicks along the way. The Cavaliers series included a career highlight for Jordan when he hit The Shot over Craig Ehlo at the buzzer in the fifth and final game of the series.[26] However, the Pistons again defeated the Bulls, this time in six games,[20] by utilizing their "Jordan Rules" method of guarding Jordan, which consisted of double and triple teaming him every time he touched the ball.[1]

    The Bulls entered the 1989–90 season as a team on the rise, with their core group of Jordan and young improving players like Scottie Pippen and Horace Grant, and under the guidance of new coach Phil Jackson. Jordan averaged a league leading 33.6 ppg on 52.6% shooting, to go with 6.9 rpg and 6.3 apg[12] in leading the Bulls to a 55–27 record.[21] They again advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals beating the Bucks and Philadelphia 76ers en route. However, despite pushing the series to seven games, the Bulls lost to the Pistons for the third consecutive season.[20]

    First three-peat[link]

    In the 1990–91 season, Jordan won his second MVP award after averaging 31.5 ppg on 53.9% shooting, 6.0 rpg, and 5.5 apg for the regular season.[12] The Bulls finished in first place in their division for the first time in 16 years and set a franchise record with 61 wins in the regular season.[21] With Scottie Pippen developing into an All-Star, the Bulls had elevated their play. The Bulls defeated the New York Knicks and the Philadelphia 76ers in the opening two rounds of the playoffs. They advanced to the Eastern Conference Finals where their rival, the Detroit Pistons, awaited them. However, this time the Bulls beat the Pistons in a surprising sweep.[27][28] In an unusual ending to the fourth and final game, Isiah Thomas led his team off the court before the final seconds had concluded. Most of the Pistons went directly to their locker room instead of shaking hands with the Bulls.[29][30]

    The Bulls compiled an outstanding 15–2 record during the playoffs,[27] and advanced to the NBA Finals for the first time in franchise history, where they beat the Los Angeles Lakers four games to one. Perhaps the best known moment of the series came in Game 2 when, attempting a dunk, Jordan avoided a potential Sam Perkins block by switching the ball from his right hand to his left in mid-air to lay the shot in.[31] In his first Finals appearance, Jordan posted per game averages of 31.2 points on 56% shooting from the field, 11.4 assists, 6.6 rebounds, 2.8 steals and 1.4 blocks.[32] Jordan won his first NBA Finals MVP award,[33] and he cried while holding the NBA Finals trophy.[34]

    Jordan and the Bulls continued their dominance in the 1991–92 season, establishing a 67–15 record, topping their franchise record from 1990 to 91.[21] Jordan won his second consecutive MVP award with averages of 30.1 points, 6.4 rebounds and 6.1 assists per game on 52% shooting.[24] After winning a physical 7-game series over the New York Knicks in the second round of the playoffs and finishing off the Cleveland Cavaliers in the Conference Finals in 6 games, the Bulls met Clyde Drexler and the Portland Trail Blazers in the Finals. The media, hoping to recreate a Magic-Bird rivalry, highlighted the similarities between "Air" Jordan and Clyde "The Glide" during the pre-Finals hype.[35] In the first game, Jordan scored a Finals-record 35 points in the first half, including a record-setting six three-point field goals.[36] After the sixth three-pointer, he jogged down the court shrugging as he looked courtside. Marv Albert, who broadcast the game, later stated that it was as if Jordan was saying, "I can't believe I'm doing this."[37] The Bulls went on to win Game 1, and defeat the Blazers in six games. Jordan was named Finals MVP for the second year in a row[33] and finished the series averaging 35.8 ppg, 4.8 rpg, and 6.5 apg, while shooting 53% from the floor.[33]

    In 1992–93, despite a 32.6 ppg, 6.7 rpg and 5.5 apg campaign,[24] Jordan's streak of consecutive MVP seasons ended as he lost the award to his friend Charles Barkley. Coincidentally, Jordan and the Bulls met Barkley and his Phoenix Suns in the 1993 NBA Finals. The Bulls captured their third consecutive NBA championship on a game-winning shot by John Paxson and a last-second block by Horace Grant, but Jordan was once again Chicago's catalyst. He averaged a Finals-record 41.0 ppg during the six-game series,[38] and became the first player in NBA history to win three straight Finals MVP awards.[33] He scored more than 30 points in every game of the series, including 40 or more points in 4 consecutive games. With his third Finals triumph, Jordan capped off a seven-year run where he attained seven scoring titles and three championships, but there were signs that Jordan was tiring of his massive celebrity and all of the non-basketball hassles in his life.[39]

    Gambling controversy[link]

    During the Bulls' playoff run in 1993, controversy arose when Jordan was seen gambling in Atlantic City, New Jersey the night before a game against the New York Knicks.[40] In that same year, he admitted to having to cover $57,000 in gambling losses,[41] and author Richard Esquinas wrote a book claiming he had won $1.25 million from Jordan on the golf course.[41] In 2005, Jordan talked to Ed Bradley of the CBS evening show 60 Minutes about his gambling and admitted that he made some reckless decisions. Jordan stated, "Yeah, I've gotten myself into situations where I would not walk away and I've pushed the envelope. Is that compulsive? Yeah, it depends on how you look at it. If you're willing to jeopardize your livelihood and your family, then yeah."[42] When Bradley asked him if his gambling ever got to the level where it jeopardized his livelihood or family, Jordan replied, "No."[42]

    First retirement and baseball career[link]

    Michael Jordan
    Birmingham Barons — No. 45 & No. 35
    Outfield
    Batted: Right Threw: Right
    Professional debut
    Southern League: April 8, 1994 for the Birmingham Barons
    Arizona Fall League: 1994 for the Scottsdale Scorpions
    Last professional appearance
    Southern League: March 10, 1995 for the Birmingham Barons
    Southern League statistics
    (through 1994)
    Batting average     .202
    Runs batted in     51
    Home runs     3
    Arizona Fall League statistics
    Batting average     .252
    Teams

    Birmingham Barons (19941995)

    Scottsdale Scorpions (1994)
    Michael Jordan while playing with the Scottsdale Scorpions

    On October 6, 1993, Jordan announced his retirement, citing a loss of desire to play the game. Jordan later stated that the murder of his father earlier in the year shaped his decision.[43] James R. Jordan, Sr. was murdered on July 23, 1993, at a highway rest area in Lumberton, North Carolina, by two teenagers, Daniel Green and Larry Martin Demery. The assailants were traced from calls they made on James Jordan's cellular phone,[44] caught, convicted, and sentenced to life in prison. Jordan was close to his father; as a child he had imitated his father's proclivity to stick out his tongue while absorbed in work. He later adopted it as his own signature, displaying it each time he drove to the basket.[1] In 1996 he founded a Chicago area Boys & Girls Club and dedicated it to his father.[45][46]

    In his 1998 autobiography For the Love of the Game, Jordan wrote that he had been preparing for retirement as early as the summer of 1992.[47] The added exhaustion due to the Dream Team run in the 1992 Olympics solidified Jordan's feelings about the game and his ever-growing celebrity status. Jordan's announcement sent shock waves throughout the NBA and appeared on the front pages of newspapers around the world.[48]

    Jordan then further surprised the sports world by signing a minor league baseball contract with the Chicago White Sox. He reported to spring training and was assigned to the team's minor league system on March 31, 1994.[49] Jordan has stated this decision was made to pursue the dream of his late father, who had always envisioned his son as a Major League Baseball player.[50] The White Sox were another team owned by Bulls owner Jerry Reinsdorf, who continued to honor Jordan's basketball contract during the years he played baseball.[51] In 1994, Jordan played for the Birmingham Barons, a Double-A minor league affiliate of the Chicago White Sox, batting .202 with three home runs, 51 runs batted in, 30 stolen bases, and 11 errors.[9] He also appeared for the Scottsdale Scorpions in the 1994 Arizona Fall League, batting .252 against the top prospects in baseball.[52] On November 1, 1994, his number 23 was retired by the Bulls in a ceremony that included the erection of a permanent sculpture known as The Spirit outside the new United Center.[53][54][55]

    "I'm back": Return to the NBA[link]

    In the 1993–94 season, the Bulls, without Jordan, achieved a 55–27 record,[21] and lost to the New York Knicks in the second round of the playoffs. But the 1994–95 version of the Bulls was a shell of the championship squad of just two years earlier. Struggling at mid-season to ensure a spot in the playoffs, Chicago was 31–31 at one point in mid-March.[56] The team received a lift, however, when Jordan decided to return to the NBA for the Bulls.

    On March 18, 1995, Jordan announced his return to the NBA through a 2-word press release: "I'm back."[1] The next day, Jordan donned jersey number 45 (his number with the Barons), as his familiar 23 had been retired in his honor following his first retirement. He took to the court with the Bulls to face the Indiana Pacers in Indianapolis, scoring 19 points.[57] The game had the highest Nielsen rating of a regular season NBA game since 1975.[58]

    Although he hadn't played an NBA game in a year and a half, Jordan played well upon his return, making a game-winning jump shot against Atlanta in his fourth game back. He then scored 55 points in the next game against the Knicks at Madison Square Garden on March 28, 1995 (his first appearance at Madison Square Garden since retiring).[20] Boosted by Jordan's comeback, the Bulls went 13-4 to make the playoffs and advanced to the Eastern Conference Semifinals against the Orlando Magic. Though at the end of Game 1, Orlando's Nick Anderson stripped Jordan from behind, leading to the game-winning basket for the Magic; he would later comment that Jordan "didn't look like the old Michael Jordan",[59] after which Jordan returned to wearing his old number. Jordan averaged 31 points per game in the series, but Orlando prevailed in 6 games.[8]

    Second three-peat[link]

    Jordan going in for a slam dunk with his signature exposed tongue.

    Freshly motivated by the playoff defeat, Jordan trained aggressively for the 1995–96 season.[60] Strengthened by the addition of rebound specialist Dennis Rodman, the Bulls dominated the league, starting the season 41–3,[61] and eventually finishing with the best regular season record in NBA history: 72–10.[22] Jordan led the league in scoring with 30.4 ppg,[62] and won the league's regular season and All-Star Game MVP awards.[1] In the playoffs, the Bulls lost only three games in four series, defeating the Seattle SuperSonics in the NBA Finals to win the championship. Jordan was named Finals MVP for a record fourth time,[33] surpassing Magic Johnson's three Finals MVP awards. He also achieved only the second sweep of the MVP Awards in the All-Star Game, regular season and NBA Finals, Willis Reed having achieved the first, during the 1969–70 season.[20] Because this was Jordan's first championship since his father's murder, and it was won on Father's Day, Jordan reacted very emotionally upon winning the title, including a memorable scene of him sobbing on the locker room floor with the game ball.[1][34]

    In the 1996–97 season, the Bulls started out 69–11, but narrowly missed out on a second consecutive 70-win season by losing their final two games to finish 69–13.[63] However, this year Jordan was beaten for the NBA MVP Award by Karl Malone. The Bulls again advanced to the Finals, where they faced Malone and the Utah Jazz. The series against the Jazz featured two of the more memorable clutch moments of Jordan's career. He won Game 1 for the Bulls with a buzzer-beating jump shot. In Game 5, with the series tied at 2, Jordan played despite being feverish and dehydrated from a stomach virus. In what is known as the "Flu Game", Jordan scored 38 points, including the game-deciding 3-pointer with 25 seconds remaining.[64] The Bulls won 90–88 and went on to win the series in six games.[63] For the fifth time in as many Finals appearances, Jordan received the Finals MVP award.[33] During the 1997 NBA All-Star Game, Jordan posted the first triple double in All-Star Game history in a victorious effort; however, he did not receive the MVP award.

    Jordan with coach Phil Jackson in 1997

    Jordan and the Bulls compiled a 62–20 record in the 1997–98 season.[21] Jordan led the league with 28.7 points per game,[24] securing his fifth regular-season MVP award, plus honors for All-NBA First Team, First Defensive Team and the All-Star Game MVP.[1] The Bulls captured the Eastern Conference Championship for a third straight season, including surviving a grueling seven-game series with Reggie Miller's Indiana Pacers in the Eastern Conference Finals; it was the first time Jordan had played in a Game 7 since the 1992 series with the Knicks. After prevailing, they moved on for a rematch with the Jazz in the Finals.

    The Bulls returned to Utah for Game 6 on June 14, 1998 leading the series 3–2. Jordan executed a series of plays, considered to be one of the greatest clutch performances in NBA Finals history.[65] With the Bulls trailing 86–83 with 41.9 seconds remaining, Phil Jackson called a timeout. When play resumed, Jordan received the inbound pass, drove to the basket, and hit a layup over several Jazz defenders.[65] The Jazz brought the ball upcourt and passed the ball to forward Karl Malone, who was set up in the low post and was being guarded by Rodman. Malone jostled with Rodman and caught the pass, but Jordan cut behind him and swatted the ball out of his hands for a steal.[65] Jordan then slowly dribbled upcourt and paused at the top of the key, eyeing his defender, Jazz guard Bryon Russell. With fewer than 10 seconds remaining, Jordan started to dribble right, then crossed over to his left, possibly pushing off Russell,[66][67][68] although the officials did not call a foul. Jordan then made what would become the climactic shot of his career. After John Stockton missed a desperation 3-pointer, Jordan and the Bulls claimed their sixth NBA championship, and secured a second three-peat. Once again, Jordan was voted the Finals MVP,[33] having led all scorers by averaging 33.5 points per game, including 45 in the deciding Game 6.[69] Jordan's six Finals MVPs is a record; Shaquille O'Neal, Magic Johnson, and Tim Duncan are tied for second place with three apiece.[33] The 1998 Finals holds the highest television rating of any Finals series in history, and Game 6 holds the highest television rating of any game in NBA history.[70][71]

    Second retirement[link]

    Plaque at the United Center chronicling Jordan's career achievements.

    With Phil Jackson's contract expiring, the pending departures of Scottie Pippen (who stated his desire to be traded during the season) and Dennis Rodman (who would sign with the Los Angeles Lakers as a free agent) looming, and being in the latter stages of an owner-induced lockout of NBA players, Jordan retired for the second time on January 13, 1999.

    On January 19, 2000, Jordan returned to the NBA not as a player, but as part owner and President of Basketball Operations for the Washington Wizards.[72] Jordan's responsibilities with the Wizards were comprehensive. He controlled all aspects of the Wizards' basketball operations, and had the final say in all personnel matters. Opinions of Jordan as a basketball executive were mixed.[73][74] He managed to purge the team of several highly paid, unpopular players (such as forward Juwan Howard and point guard Rod Strickland),[75][76] but used the first pick in the 2001 NBA Draft to select high schooler Kwame Brown, who did not live up to expectations and was traded away after four seasons.[73][77]

    Despite his January 1999 claim that he was "99.9% certain" that he would never play another NBA game,[34] in the summer of 2001 Jordan expressed interest in making another comeback,[78][79] this time with his new team. Inspired by the NHL comeback of his friend Mario Lemieux the previous winter,[80] Jordan spent much of the spring and summer of 2001 in training, holding several invitation-only camps for NBA players in Chicago.[81] In addition, Jordan hired his old Chicago Bulls head coach, Doug Collins, as Washington's coach for the upcoming season, a decision that many saw as foreshadowing another Jordan return.[78][79]

    Washington Wizards comeback[link]

    Jordan as a member of the Washington Wizards on April 14, 2003

    On September 25, 2001 Jordan announced his return to professional play with the Wizards, indicating his intention to donate his salary as a player to a relief effort for the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks.[82][83] In an injury-plagued 2001–02 season, he led the team in scoring (22.9 ppg), assists (5.2 apg), and steals (1.42 spg).[1] However, torn cartilage in his right knee ended Jordan's season after only 60 games, the fewest he had played in a regular season since playing 17 games after returning from his first retirement during the 1994–95 season.[12]

    Playing in his 14th and final NBA All-Star Game in 2003, Jordan passed Kareem Abdul-Jabbar as the all-time leading scorer in All-Star game history (a record since broken by Kobe Bryant).[84] That year, Jordan was the only Washington player to play in all 82 games, starting in 67 of them. He averaged 20.0 points, 6.1 rebounds, 3.8 assists, and 1.5 steals per game.[1] He also shot 45% from the field, and 82% from the free throw line.[1] Even though he turned 40 during the season, he scored 20 or more points 42 times, 30 or more points nine times, and 40 or more points three times.[20] On February 21, 2003, Jordan became the first 40-year-old to tally 43 points in an NBA game.[85] During his stint with the Wizards, all of Jordan's home games at the MCI Center were sold out, and the Wizards were the second most-watched team in the NBA, averaging 20,172 fans a game at home and 19,311 on the road.[86] However, neither of Jordan's final two seasons resulted in a playoff appearance for the Wizards, and Jordan was often unsatisfied with the play of those around him.[87][88] At several points he openly criticized his teammates to the media, citing their lack of focus and intensity, notably that of the number one draft pick in the 2001 NBA Draft, Kwame Brown.[87][88]

    With the recognition that 2002–03 would be Jordan's final season, tributes were paid to him throughout the NBA. In his final game at his old home court, the United Center in Chicago, Jordan received a four-minute standing ovation.[89] The Miami Heat retired the number 23 jersey on April 11, 2003, even though Jordan had never played for the team.[90] At the 2003 All-Star Game, Jordan was offered a starting spot from Tracy McGrady and Allen Iverson,[91] but refused both; in the end, however, he accepted the spot of Vince Carter, who decided to give it up under great public pressure.[92]

    Jordan's final NBA game was on April 16, 2003 in Philadelphia. After scoring only 13 points in the game, Jordan went to the bench with 4 minutes and 13 seconds remaining in the third quarter and with his team trailing the Philadelphia 76ers, 75–56. Just after the start of the fourth quarter, the First Union Center crowd began chanting "We want Mike!". After much encouragement from coach Doug Collins, Jordan finally rose from the bench and re-entered the game for Larry Hughes with 2:35 remaining. At 1:45, Jordan was intentionally fouled by the 76ers' Eric Snow, and stepped to the line to make both free throws. After the second foul shot, the 76ers in-bounded the ball to rookie John Salmons, who in turn was intentionally fouled by Bobby Simmons one second later, stopping time so that Jordan could return to the bench. Jordan received a three-minute standing ovation from his teammates, his opponents, the officials and a crowd of 21,257 fans.[93]

    Olympic career[link]

    Medal record
    Member of  United States
    men's national basketball team
    Pan American Games
    Gold 1983 Caracas men's basketball
    Olympic Games
    Gold 1984 Los Angeles men's basketball
    Gold 1992 Barcelona men's basketball
    FIBA Americas Championship
    Gold 1992 Portland men's basketball

    Jordan played on two Olympic gold medal-winning American basketball teams. As a college player he participated, and won the gold, in the 1984 Summer Olympics. The team was coached by Bob Knight and featured players such as Patrick Ewing, Sam Perkins, Chris Mullin, Steve Alford, and Wayman Tisdale. Jordan led the team in scoring, averaging 17.1 ppg for the tournament.[94]

    In the 1992 Summer Olympics he was a member of the star-studded squad that included Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, and David Robinson and was dubbed the "Dream Team". Jordan was the only player to start all 8 games in the Olympics. Playing limited minutes due to the frequent blowouts, Jordan averaged 14.9 ppg,[95] finishing second on the team in scoring.[96] Jordan, Patrick Ewing, and fellow Dream Team member Chris Mullin are the only American men's basketball players to win Olympic gold as amateurs (all in 1984) and professionals.[94][95]

    After retiring as a player[link]

    Jordan on a golf course in 2007

    After his third retirement, Jordan assumed that he would be able to return to his front office position of Director of Basketball Operations with the Wizards.[97] However, his previous tenure in the Wizards' front office had produced the aforementioned mixed results and may have also influenced the trade of Richard "Rip" Hamilton for Jerry Stackhouse (although Jordan was not technically Director of Basketball Operations in 2002).[73] On May 7, 2003, Wizards owner Abe Pollin fired Jordan as Washington's President of Basketball Operations.[73] Jordan later stated that he felt betrayed, and that if he knew he would be fired upon retiring he never would have come back to play for the Wizards.[42]

    Jordan kept busy over the next few years by staying in shape, playing golf in celebrity charity tournaments, spending time with his family in Chicago, promoting his Jordan Brand clothing line, and riding motorcycles.[98] Since 2004, Jordan has owned Michael Jordan Motorsports, a professional closed-course motorcycle road racing team that competes with two Suzukis in the premier Superbike class sanctioned by the American Motorcyclist Association (AMA).[99][100] Jordan and his then-wife Juanita pledged $5 million to Chicago's Hales Franciscan High School in 2006,[101] and the Jordan Brand has made donations to Habitat for Humanity and a Louisiana branch of the Boys & Girls Clubs of America.[102] On June 15, 2006, Jordan bought a minority stake in the Charlotte Bobcats, becoming the team's second-largest shareholder behind majority owner Robert L. Johnson. As part of the deal, Jordan was named "Managing Member of Basketball Operations," with full control over the basketball side of the operation.[103] Despite Jordan's previous success as an endorser, he has made an effort not to be included in Charlotte's marketing campaigns.[104]

    In February 2010, it was reported that Jordan was seeking majority ownership of the Bobcats.[105] As February wore on, it emerged that the leading contenders for the team were Jordan and former Houston Rockets president George Postolos. On February 27, the Bobcats announced that Johnson had reached an agreement with Jordan and his group, MJ Basketball Holdings, to buy the team pending NBA approval.[106] On March 17, the NBA Board of Governors unanimously approved Jordan's purchase, making him the first former NBA player ever to become the majority owner of a league franchise.[107]

    During the 2011 NBA lockout, The New York Times wrote that Jordan led a group of 10 to 14 hardline owners wanting to cap the players' share of basketball-related income at 50 percent and as low as 47. Journalists observed that, during the labor dispute in 1998, Jordan had told Washington Wizards then-owner Abe Pollin, "If you can’t make a profit, you should sell your team."[108] Jason Whitlock of FoxSports.com called Jordan a "sellout" wanting "current players to pay for his incompetence."[109] He cited Jordan's executive decisions to draft disappointing players Kwame Brown and Adam Morrison.[109]

    Player profile[link]

    Jordan was a shooting guard who was also capable of playing small forward (the position he would primarily play during his second return to professional basketball with the Washington Wizards). Jordan was known throughout his career for being a strong clutch performer. He decided numerous games with last-second plays (e.g., The Shot) and performed at a high level even under adverse circumstances (e.g., Flu Game). His competitiveness was visible in his prolific trash-talk[110] and well-known work ethic.[111][112]

    Jordan had a versatile offensive game. He was capable of aggressively driving to the basket, as well as drawing fouls from his opponents at a high rate; his 8,772 free throw attempts are the ninth highest total of all time.[113] As his career progressed, Jordan also developed the ability to post up his opponents and score with his trademark fadeaway jump shot, using his leaping ability to "fade away" from block attempts. According to Hubie Brown, this move alone made him nearly unstoppable.[114] Despite media criticism as a "selfish" player early in his career, Jordan's 5.3 assists per game[12] also indicate his willingness to defer to his teammates. In later years, the NBA shortened its three-point line to 22 feet (from 23 feet, 9 inches), which coupled with Jordan's extended shooting range to make him a long-range threat as well—his 3-point stroke developed from a low 9/52 rate (.173) in his rookie year into a stellar 111/260 (.427) shooter in the 1995–96 season.[12] For a guard, Jordan was also a good rebounder (6.2 per game).[12]

    In 1988, Jordan was honored with the NBA's Defensive Player of the Year Award and became the first NBA player to win both the Defensive Player of the Year and MVP awards in a career (since equaled by Hakeem Olajuwon, David Robinson, and Kevin Garnett; Olajuwon is the only player other than Jordan to win both during the same season). In addition he set both seasonal and career records for blocked shots by a guard,[115] and combined this with his ball-thieving ability to become a standout defensive player. His 2,514 steals are second highest all-time behind John Stockton, while his steals per game average is third all-time.[116] Jerry West often stated that he was more impressed with Jordan's defensive contributions than his offensive ones.[117]

    Legacy[link]

    Jordan's basketball talent was clear from his rookie season.[15][17] In his first game in Madison Square Garden against the New York Knicks, Jordan received a prolonged standing ovation,[17] a rarity for an opposing player. After Jordan scored a playoff record 63 points against the Boston Celtics in 1986, Celtics star Larry Bird described him as "God disguised as Michael Jordan."[23]

    "By acclamation, Michael Jordan is the greatest basketball player of all time."
    —Introductory line of Jordan's NBA Encyclopedia biography[1]

    Jordan led the NBA in scoring in 10 seasons (NBA record) and tied Wilt Chamberlain's record of seven consecutive scoring titles. He was also a fixture on the NBA All-Defensive First Team, making the roster nine times (NBA record shared with Gary Payton). Jordan also holds the top career regular season and playoff scoring averages of 30.1 and 33.4 points per game,[1] respectively. By 1998, the season of his Finals-winning shot against the Jazz, he was well known throughout the league as a clutch performer. In the regular season, Jordan was the Bulls' primary threat in the final seconds of a close game and in the playoffs, Jordan would always demand the ball at crunch time.[118] Jordan's total of 5,987 points in the playoffs is the highest in NBA history.[119] He retired with 32,292 points in regular season play,[120] placing him third on the NBA's all-time scoring list behind Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Karl Malone.[120]

    With five regular-season MVPs (tied for second place with Bill Russell; only Kareem Abdul-Jabbar has won more, six), six Finals MVPs (NBA record), and three All-Star MVPs, Jordan is the most decorated player ever to play in the NBA. Jordan finished among the top three in regular-season MVP voting a record 10 times, and was named one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA History in 1996.

    "There's Michael Jordan and then there is the rest of us."
    Magic Johnson[1]

    Many of Jordan's contemporaries label Jordan as the greatest basketball player of all time.[117] An ESPN survey of journalists, athletes and other sports figures ranked Jordan the greatest North American athlete of the 20th century, above icons such as Babe Ruth and Muhammad Ali.[121] Jordan placed second to Babe Ruth in the Associated Press's list of 20th century athletes.[122] In addition, the Associated Press voted him as the basketball player of the 20th century.[123] Jordan has also appeared on the front cover of Sports Illustrated a record 49 times.[124] In the September 1996 issue of Sport, which was the publication's 50th anniversary issue, Jordan was named the greatest athlete of the past 50 years.[125]

    Jordan's athletic leaping ability, highlighted in his back-to-back slam dunk contest championships in 1987 and 1988, is credited by many with having influenced a generation of young players.[126][127] Several current NBA All-Stars have stated that they considered Jordan their role model while growing up, including LeBron James[128] and Dwyane Wade.[129] In addition, commentators have dubbed a number of next-generation players "the next Michael Jordan" upon their entry to the NBA, including Anfernee "Penny" Hardaway, Grant Hill, Allen Iverson, Kobe Bryant, LeBron James, Vince Carter, and Dwyane Wade.[130][131][132] Although Jordan was a well-rounded player, his "Air Jordan" image is also often credited with inadvertently decreasing the jump shooting skills, defense, and fundamentals of young players,[126] a fact Jordan himself has lamented.

    I think it was the exposure of Michael Jordan; the marketing of Michael Jordan. Everything was marketed towards the things that people wanted to see, which was scoring and dunking. That Michael Jordan still played defense and an all-around game, but it was never really publicized.[126]

    Although Jordan has done much to increase the status of the game, some of his impact on the game's popularity in America appears to be fleeting.[133][134] Television ratings in particular increased only during his time in the league and have subsequently lowered each time he left the game.[133][134]

    In August 2009, the Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, Massachusetts, opened a Michael Jordan exhibit containing items from his college and NBA careers, as well as from the 1992 "Dream Team". The exhibit also has a batting glove to signify Jordan's short career in baseball.[135] After Jordan received word of his being accepted into the Hall of Fame, he selected Class of 1996 member David Thompson to present him.[136] As Jordan would later explain during his induction speech in September 2009, growing up in North Carolina, he was not a fan of the Tar Heels, and greatly admired Thompson, who played at rival North Carolina State. He was inducted into the Hall in September, with several former Bulls teammates in attendance, including Scottie Pippen, Dennis Rodman, Charles Oakley, Ron Harper, Steve Kerr, and Toni Kukoc.[137] Former coaches of Jordan's, Dean Smith and Doug Collins, were also among those present.

    Personal life[link]

    Michael Jordan, 2006

    Jordan is the fourth of five children. He has two older brothers, Larry Jordan and James R. Jordan, Jr., one older sister, Deloris, and a younger sister, Roslyn. Jordan's brother James retired in 2006 as the Command Sergeant Major of the 35th Signal Brigade of the XVIII Airborne Corps in the U.S. Army.[138]

    He married Juanita Vanoy in September 1989, and they have two sons, Jeffrey Michael and Marcus James, and a daughter, Jasmine. Jordan and Vanoy filed for divorce on January 4, 2002, citing irreconcilable differences, but reconciled shortly thereafter. They again filed for divorce and were granted a final decree of dissolution of marriage on December 29, 2006, commenting that the decision was made "mutually and amicably".[139][140] It is reported that Juanita received a $168 million settlement, making it the largest celebrity divorce settlement in history at the time on public record.[141]

    In 1991, Jordan purchased a lot in Highland Park, Illinois, to build a 56,000 square foot mansion, which was completed four years later.[142] Both of his sons attended Loyola Academy, a private Roman Catholic high school located in Wilmette, Illinois.[143] Jeffrey graduated as a member of the 2007 graduating class and played his first collegiate basketball game on November 11, 2007, for the University of Illinois. After two seasons, Jeffrey left the Illinois basketball team in 2009. He later rejoined the team for a third season,[144][145] then received a release to transfer to the University of Central Florida, where Marcus was attending.[146][147] Marcus transferred to Whitney Young High School after his sophomore year at Loyola Academy and graduated in 2009. He began attending UCF in the fall of 2009.[148]

    On July 21, 2006, a Cook County, Illinois judge determined that Jordan did not owe his alleged former lover Karla Knafel $5 million.[149] Jordan had allegedly paid Knafel $250,000 to keep their relationship a secret.[150][151][152] Knafel claimed Jordan promised her $5 million for remaining silent and agreeing not to file a paternity suit after Knafel learned she was pregnant in 1991. A DNA test showed Jordan was not the father of the child.[149]

    Jordan's private jet features a stripe in North Carolina blue, the "Air Jordan" logo on the tail, and references to his career in the identification number.[153] He proposed to his long time girlfriend, Cuban-American model Yvette Prieto, on Christmas Eve, 2011, and is engaged to be married.[154] He listed his Highland Park mansion for sale in 2012.[142]

    Media figure and business interests[link]

    Michael Jordan in 2008

    Jordan is one of the most marketed sports figures in history. He has been a major spokesman for such brands as Nike, Coca-Cola, Chevrolet, Gatorade, McDonald's, Ball Park Franks, Rayovac, Wheaties, Hanes, and MCI.[155] Jordan has had a long relationship with Gatorade, appearing in over 20 commercials for the company since 1991, including the "Like Mike" commercials in which a song was sung by children wishing to be like Jordan.[155][156]

    Nike created a signature shoe for him, called the Air Jordan. One of Jordan's more popular commercials for the shoe involved Spike Lee playing the part of Mars Blackmon. In the commercials Lee, as Blackmon, attempted to find the source of Jordan's abilities and became convinced that "it's gotta be the shoes".[155] The hype and demand for the shoes even brought on a spate of "shoe-jackings" where people were robbed of their sneakers at gunpoint. Subsequently Nike spun off the Jordan line into its own division named the "Jordan Brand". The company features an impressive list of athletes and celebrities as endorsers.[157][158] The brand has also sponsored college sports programs such as those of North Carolina, Cincinnati, Cal, St. John's, Georgetown, and North Carolina A&T.

    Jordan also has been associated with the Looney Tunes cartoon characters. A Nike commercial shown during the 1993 Super Bowl XXVII featured Jordan and Bugs Bunny playing basketball against a group of Martian characters.[159] The Super Bowl commercial inspired the 1996 live action/animated movie Space Jam, which starred Jordan and Bugs in a fictional story set during his first retirement.[160] They have subsequently appeared together in several commercials for MCI.[160]

    Jordan's yearly income from the endorsements is estimated to be over forty million dollars.[161][162] In addition, when Jordan's power at the ticket gates was at its highest point the Bulls regularly sold out every game they played in, whether home or away.[163] Due to this, Jordan set records in player salary by signing annual contracts worth in excess of US $30 million per season.[164] An academic study found that Jordan’s first NBA comeback resulted in an increase in the market capitalization of his client firms of more than $1 billion.[165]

    Most of Jordan's endorsement deals, including the first deal with Nike, were engineered by his agent, David Falk.[166] Jordan has said of Falk that "he's the best at what he does", and that "marketing-wise, he's great. He's the one who came up with the concept of 'Air Jordan.'"[167]

    In June 2010, Jordan was ranked by Forbes Magazine as the 20th most powerful celebrity in the world with $55 million earned between June 2009 and June 2010. According to the Forbes article, Jordan Brand generates $1 billion in sales for Nike.[168]

    Honors and awards[link]

    Michael Jordan and Dean Smith at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill game honoring the 1957 and 1982 men's basketball teams.

    Jordan won numerous awards and set many records during his career. The following are some of his achievements:[1][169][170]

    See also[link]


    References[link]

    1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Michael Jordan, nba.com/history. Retrieved January 15, 2007.
    2. ^ Markovits, Andrei S. and Lars Rensman. Gaming the World: How Sports are Reshaping Global Politics and Culture. Princeton University Press, June 3, 2010. pg. 89. ISBN 0-691-13751-X.
    3. ^ Berkow, Ira. "Sports of The Times; Air Jordan And Just Plain Folks", The New York Times, June 15, 1991. Retrieved February 11, 2009.
    4. ^ The elusive fan: reinventing sports in a crowded marketplace. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. http://books.google.com/books?id=6Vf4gg20ZVkC&pg=PA173&dq=%22michael+jordan%22+%22nicknames%22+mj&hl=en&ei=fDmPTrH6L8GosAKfsaTEAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDoQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22michael%20jordan%22%20%22nicknames%22%20mj&f=false. Retrieved 2011-10-19. 
    5. ^ Michael Jordan biography, 23jordan.com, accessed November 23, 2007.
      • Sachare, Alex. The Chicago Bulls Encyclopedia. Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1999. pgs. 172–3. ISBN 0-8092-2515-8.
    6. ^ a b Halberstam, David. Playing for Keeps: Michael Jordan and the World He Made. Broadway Books, 2000. pgs. 20–21. ISBN 0-7679-0444-3.
    7. ^ a b c Michael Jordan, basketball-reference.com. Retrieved February 8, 2008.
    8. ^ a b Michael Jordan: The Stats, infoplease.com. Retrieved March 15, 2007.
    9. ^ Williams, Lena. PLUS: Basketball; "A McDonald's Game For Girls, Too", The New York Times, December 7, 2001. Retrieved January 16, 2007.
    10. ^ Sportscenter, ESPN, air date February 2, 2007.
    11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Michael Jordan, databaseBasketball.com, archived link, archive date February 11, 2009.
    12. ^ qtd. in Lazenby, Roland. "Michaelangelo: Portrait of a Champion". Michael Jordan: The Ultimate Career Tribute. Bannockburn, IL: H&S Media, 1999. pg. 128.
    13. ^ Morris, Mike. "The Legend: A Highlight-Reel History of the NBA's Greatest Player". Michael Jordan: The Ultimate Career Tribute. Bannockburn, IL: H&S Media, 1999. pg. 67.
    14. ^ a b Gross, Jane. "Jordan Makes People Wonder: Is He the New Dr. J?", The New York Times, October 21, 1984. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
    15. ^ Goldaper, Sam. "Jordan dazzles crowd at Garden", The New York Times, October 19, 1984. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
    16. ^ a b c Johnson, Roy S. "Jordan-Led Bulls Romp Before 19,252", The New York Times, November 9, 1984. Retrieved March 7, 2007.
    17. ^ SI cover search December 10, 1984, si.cnn.com. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
    18. ^ Chicago Bulls 1984–85 Game Log and Scores, databasebasketball.com. Retrieved March 10, 2007.
    19. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Michael Jordan bio, nba.com. Retrieved January 20, 2007.
    20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Chicago Bulls, databasebasketball.com. Retrieved January 16, 2007.
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