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![The Uninvited (2009) - Official Trailer [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120724210004im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/x0eeAQGGwCU/0.jpg "In The Uninvited, Anna Rydell returns home to her sister (and best friend) Alex after a stint in a mental hospital, though her recovery is jeopardized thanks to her cruel stepmother, aloof father, and the presence of a ghost in their home. Starring: Emily Browning, Arielle Kebbel, Elizabeth Banks, Maya Massar, David Strathairn, Jesse Moss")
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- Home \Home\ (h[=o]m), n. (Zool.) See Homelyn. [1913 Webster]
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Home \Home\ (h[=o]m; 110), n. [OE. hom, ham, AS. h[=a]m; akin to OS. h[=e]m, D. & G. heim, Sw. hem, Dan. hiem, Icel. heimr abode, world, heima Home, Goth. haims village, Lith. k["e]mas, and perh. to Gr. kw`mh village, or to E. hind a peasant; cf. Skr. ksh[=e]ma abode, place of rest, security, kshi to dwell. [root]20, 220.] 1. One's own dwelling place; the house in which one lives; esp., the house in which one lives with his family; the habitual abode of one's family; also, one's birthplace. [1913 Webster]
The disciples went away again to their own Home. --John xx. 10. [1913 Webster]
Home is the sacred refuge of our life. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]
Home! Home! sweet, sweet Home! There's no place like Home. --Payne. [1913 Webster]
2. One's native land; the place or country in which one dwells; the place where one's ancestors dwell or dwelt. "Our old Home [England]." --Hawthorne. [1913 Webster]
3. The abiding place of the affections, especially of the domestic affections. [1913 Webster]
He entered in his house -- his Home no more, For without hearts there is no Home. --Byron. [1913 Webster]
4. The locality where a thing is usually found, or was first found, or where it is naturally abundant; habitat; seat; as, the Home of the pine. [1913 Webster]
Her eyes are homes of silent prayer. --Tennyson. [1913 Webster]
Flandria, by plenty made the Home of war. --Prior. [1913 Webster]
5. A place of refuge and rest; an asylum; as, a Home for outcasts; a Home for the blind; hence, esp., the grave; the final rest; also, the native and eternal dwelling place of the soul. [1913 Webster]
Man goeth to his long Home, and the mourners go about the streets. --Eccl. xii. 5. [1913 Webster]
6. (Baseball) The Home base; as, he started for Home. [1913 Webster]
At Home. (a) At one's own house, or lodgings. (b) In one's own town or country; as, peace abroad and at home. (c) Prepared to receive callers.
Home department, the department of executive administration, by which the internal affairs of a country are managed. [Eng.]
To be at Home on any subject, to be conversant or familiar with it.
To feel at Home, to be at one's ease.
To make one's self at Home, to conduct one's self with as much freedom as if at Home.
Syn: Tenement; house; dwelling; abode; domicile. [1913 Webster] -
Home \Home\ (h[=o]m), v. i. 1. To return Home. [PJC]
2. To proceed toward an object or location intended as a target; -- of missiles which can change course in flight under internal or external control; usually used with in on; as, the missile homed in on the radar site. [PJC]
3. [fig.] To arrive at or get closer to an object sought or an intended goal; used with in on; as, the repairman quickly homed in on the cause of the malfunction. [PJC] -
Home \Home\, adv. 1. To one's Home or country; as in the phrases, go Home, come home, carry Home. [1913 Webster]
2. Close; closely. [1913 Webster]
How Home the charge reaches us, has been made out. --South. [1913 Webster]
They come Home to men's business and bosoms. --Bacon. [1913 Webster]
3. To the place where it belongs; to the end of a course; to the full length; as, to drive a nail Home; to ram a cartridge Home. [1913 Webster]
Wear thy good rapier bare and put it Home. --Shak. [1913 Webster]
Note: Home is often used in the formation of compound words, many of which need no special definition; as, home-brewed, Home-built, Home-grown, etc. [1913 Webster]
To bring Home. See under Bring.
To come Home. (a) To touch or affect personally. See under Come. (b) (Naut.) To drag toward the vessel, instead of holding firm, as the cable is shortened; -- said of an anchor.
To haul Home the sheets of a sail (Naut.), to haul the clews close to the sheave hole. --Totten. [1913 Webster] -
Home \Home\, a. 1. Of or pertaining to one's dwelling or country; domestic; not foreign; as Home manufactures; Home comforts. [1913 Webster]
2. Close; personal; pointed; as, a Home thrust. [1913 Webster]
3. (Games) In various games, the ultimate point aimed at in a progress; goal; as: (a) (Baseball) The plate at which the batter stands; same as Home base and Home plate. (b) (Lacrosse) The place of a player in front of an opponent's goal; also, the player. [Webster 1913 Suppl.]
Home base or Home plate (Baseball), the base at which the batter stands when batting, and which is the last base to be reached in scoring a run.
Home farm, grounds, etc., the farm, grounds, etc., adjacent to the residence of the owner.
Home lot, an inclosed plot on which the owner's Home stands. [U. S.]
Home rule, rule or government of an appendent or dependent country, as to all local and internal legislation, by means of a governing power vested in the people within the country itself, in contradistinction to a government established by the dominant country; as, Home rule in Ireland. Also used adjectively; as, Home-rule members of Parliament.
Home ruler, one who favors or advocates Home rule.
Home stretch (Sport.), that part of a race course between the last curve and the winning post.
Home thrust, a well directed or effective thrust; one that wounds in a vital part; hence, in controversy, a personal attack. [1913 Webster] - Homelyn \Home"lyn\, n. [Scot. hommelin.] (Zool) The European sand ray (Raia maculata); -- called also Home, mirror ray, and rough ray. [1913 Webster]
- Home adv 1: at or to or in the direction of one's Home or family; "He stays Home on weekends"; "after the game the children brought friends Home for supper"; "I'll be Home tomorrow"; "came riding Home in style"; "I hope you will come Home for Christmas"; "I'll take her Home"; "don't forget to write Home" 2: on or to the point aimed at; "the arrow struck Home" 3: to the fullest extent; to the heart; "drove the nail Home"; "drove his point Home"; "his comments hit Home" adj 1: used of your own ground; "a Home game" [ant: away] 2: relating to or being where one lives or where one's roots are; "my Home town" 3: inside the country; "the British Home Office has broader responsibilities than the United States Department of the Interior"; "the nation's internal politics" [syn: Home(a), interior(a), internal, national] n 1: where you live at a particular time; "deliver the package to my Home"; "he doesn't have a Home to go to"; "your place or mine?" [syn: Home, place] 2: housing that someone is living in; "he built a modest dwelling near the pond"; "they raise money to provide homes for the homeless" [syn: dwelling, Home, domicile, abode, habitation, dwelling house] 3: the country or state or city where you live; "Canadian tariffs enabled United States lumber companies to raise prices at Home"; "his Home is New Jersey" 4: (baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score; "he ruled that the runner failed to touch Home" [syn: Home plate, Home base, Home, plate] 5: the place where you are stationed and from which missions start and end [syn: base, Home] 6: place where something began and flourished; "the United States is the Home of basketball" 7: an environment offering affection and security; "Home is where the heart is"; "he grew up in a good Christian Home"; "there's no place like Home" 8: a social unit living together; "he moved his family to Virginia"; "It was a good Christian household"; "I waited until the whole house was asleep"; "the teacher asked how many people made up his Home" [syn: family, household, house, Home, menage] 9: an institution where people are cared for; "a Home for the elderly" [syn: Home, nursing Home, rest Home] v 1: provide with, or send to, a Home 2: return Home accurately from a long distance; "homing pigeons"
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Home
1. <file system> Home directory.
2. <World-Wide Web> Home page.
3. <hardware> Home keys.
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The Belgian Congo (French: Congo Belge, Dutch: ) was the formal title of present-day Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) between King Leopold II's formal relinquishment of his personal control over the state to Belgium on 15 November 1908, and Congolese independence on 30 June 1960.
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Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 large professional theatres with 500 seats or more located in the Theatre District, New York and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan, New York City.Although theater is the preferred spelling in the U.S.A. (see further at American and British English Spelling Differences), the majority of venues, performers, and trade groups for live dramatic presentations use the spelling theatre. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is usually considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
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http://wn.com/Carol_Burnett -
Carol Channing
Carol Elaine Channing (born January 31, 1921) is an American singer and actress. She is the recipient of three Tony Awards (including one for lifetime achievement), a Golden Globe and an Oscar nomination. Channing is best remembered for originating, on Broadway, the musical-comedy roles of bombshell Lorelei Lee in Gentlemen Prefer Blondes, and matchmaking widow Dolly Gallagher Levi in Hello, Dolly!.
http://wn.com/Carol_Channing -
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Carol Lawrence (born September 5, 1932) is an American actress most often associated with musical theatre.
http://wn.com/Carol_Lawrence -
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Carole Shelley (born 16 August 1939) is an English actress.
http://wn.com/Carole_Shelley -
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Carolee Carmello (born September 1, 1962, in Albany, New York) is an American actress best known for her performances in Broadway musicals.
http://wn.com/Carolee_Carmello -
Carroll Baker
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Carson McCullers
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Catherine O'Hara
'''Catherine Anne O'Hara' (born March 4, 1954) is a Canadian actress and comedienne. She is well known for her comedy work on SCTV, and her roles in the films After Hours, Beetlejuice, Home Alone and, The Nightmare Before Christmas, and also in the mockumentary films written and directed by Christopher Guest including Waiting for Guffman, Best in Show, A Mighty Wind, and For Your Consideration. Most lately, she has appeared in the 2010 film Killers and the HBO movie Temple Grandin'', for which she was nominated for an Emmy Award.
http://wn.com/Catherine_O'Hara -
Catherine Zeta-Jones
Catherine Zeta-Jones, CBE ( "zeeta"; born 25 September 1969), is a Welsh actress, currently based in the United States. She began her career on stage at an early age. After starring in a number of UK and US television films and small roles in films, she came to prominence with roles in Hollywood movies such as The Mask of Zorro and Entrapment in the late 1990s. She won an Academy Award, BAFTA Award and a Screen Actors Guild Award and was nominated for a Golden Globe Award for portraying Velma Kelly in the 2002 film adaptation of the musical Chicago. In 2010 she won the Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her portrayal of Desiree in A Little Night Music.
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Charlize Theron
Charlize Theron (; born August 7, 1975) is a South African actress, film producer and former fashion model.
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Cher
Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian on May 20, 1946) is an American recording artist, actress, director and record producer. Referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, three Golden Globes, a Cannes Film Festival Award and a People's Choice Award for her work in film, music and television.
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Chita Rivera
Chita Rivera (born January 23, 1933) is an American actress, dancer, and singer best known for her roles in musical theater. She is the first Hispanic woman to receive a Kennedy Center Honors award (December 2002). She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.
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Christina Ricci
Christina Ricci (born February 12, 1980) is an American actress. Ricci received initial recognition and praise as a child star for her performance as Wednesday Addams in The Addams Family (1991) and Addams Family Values (1993), and her role as Kat in Casper (1995). Ricci made a transition into more adult-oriented roles with The Ice Storm (1997), followed by an acclaimed performance in The Opposite of Sex (1998), for which she received a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actress. She continued her success with well-received performances in Sleepy Hollow (1999) and Monster (2003).
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Claire Danes
Claire Catherine Danes (born April 12, 1979) is an American actress of television, stage and film. She is best known for her roles as Angela Chase in My So-Called Life, as Juliet in Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet, as Yvaine in Stardust, and as Temple Grandin in the HBO TV movie Temple Grandin.
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Clamma Dale
Clamma Dale (born 1948) is an African-American operatic soprano. She is best known for portraying the role of Bess in the highly successful 1976 Houston Grand Opera production of Porgy and Bess. The show was transferred from Houston to Broadway where Dale was awarded a Drama Desk Award and received a Tony Award nomination.
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Cloris Leachman
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Constance Cummings
Constance Cummings, CBE (May 15, 1910November 23, 2005) was an American-born British actress, known for her work on both screen and stage.
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Davi Napoleon
Davi Napoleon, aka Davida Skurnick (born 1946) is an American theater historian and critic. She is a theater columnist for The Faster Times, an online newspaper, and a regular contributor to Live Design, a monthly magazine about entertainment design and designers. She is an expert on the not-for-profit theater in America and author of .
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David Evans Shaw
David E. (Evans) Shaw is an American managing partner of Black Point Group, a private investment partnership with a concentration in health care and technology. Among the firm's investments are Ikaria Holdings Inc, a pharmaceutical company, where he serves as executive chair, and FetchDog.com, a catalog and website for dog owners.
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Debbie Reynolds
Debbie Reynolds (born April 1, 1932) is an American actress, singer, and dancer who was an MGM contract star. She is also a collector of movie memorabilia.
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Des McAnuff
Desmond McAnuff (born 19 June 1952) is the Canadian-American artistic director of the Stratford Shakespeare Festival and director of musical theatre of such Broadway productions as Big River, ''The Who's Tommy and Jersey Boys''.
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Diana Rigg
Dame Enid Diana Elizabeth Rigg DBE (born 20 July 1938) is an English actress. She is probably best known for her portrayals of Emma Peel in The Avengers and Countess Teresa di Vicenzo in the 1969 James Bond film ''On Her Majesty's Secret Service''.
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Diane Keaton
Diane Keaton (born Diane Hall; January 5, 1946) is an American film actress, director, producer, and writer. Keaton began her career on stage, and made her screen debut in 1970. Her first major film role was as Kay Adams-Corleone in The Godfather (1972), but the films that shaped her early career were those with director and co-star Woody Allen beginning with Play It Again, Sam in 1972. Her next two films with Allen, Sleeper (1973) and Love and Death (1975), established her as a comic actor. Her fourth, Annie Hall (1977), won her the Academy Award for Best Actress.
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Donna McKechnie
Donna McKechnie (born November 16, 1940) is an American musical theater dancer, singer, actress, and choreographer. She is known for her professional and personal relationship with choreographer Michael Bennett, with whom she collaborated on her most noted role, "Cassie" from the musical A Chorus Line, for which she earned the Tony Award for Best Actress in a Musical in 1976.
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Dorothy Loudon
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Drew Barrymore
Drew Blyth Barrymore (born February 22, 1975) is an American actress, film producer and film director. She is a member of the Barrymore family of American actors and granddaughter of John Barrymore. She first appeared in an advertisement when she was eleven months old. Barrymore made her film debut in Altered States in 1980. Afterwards, she starred in her breakout role in E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. She quickly became one of Hollywood's most recognized child actors, going on to establish herself in mainly comic roles.
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Eddie Braben
Eddie Braben (born 31 October 1930 in Liverpool, England) is a comedy writer and performer who has provided material for such figures as David Frost and Ronnie Corbett, and who is most famous for having written for Ken Dodd and Morecambe and Wise.
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Edie Falco
Edith "Edie" Falco (; born July 5, 1963) is an American television, film and stage actress, known for her role in Oz as Diane Wittlesey and her lead roles as both Carmela Soprano on the HBO series The Sopranos and the titular character on the Showtime series Nurse Jackie.
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Edith Evans
Dame Edith Mary Evans, DBE (8 February 1888 – 14 October 1976) was a British actress. She was known for her work on the British stage. She also appeared in a number of films, for which she received three Academy Award nominations, plus a BAFTA and a Golden Globe award.
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Elizabeth Taylor
Dame Elizabeth Rosemond Taylor, DBE (born 27 February 1932), also known as Liz Taylor, is an English-American actress. She is known for her acting talent and beauty, as well as her Hollywood lifestyle, including many marriages. Taylor is considered one of the great actresses of Hollywood's golden age.
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Ella Fitzgerald
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Ethel Merman
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Eva Le Gallienne
http://wn.com/Eva_Le_Gallienne -
Faye Dunaway
Faye Dunaway (born January 14, 1941) is an American actress.
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Frances Conroy
Frances Conroy (born November 13, 1953) is an American actress. She is most widely known for playing the matriarch Ruth O'Connor Fisher Sibley on the HBO funeral drama series Six Feet Under, which earned her a Golden Globe in 2004.
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Frances McDormand
Frances Louise McDormand (born June 23, 1957) is an American film, stage, and television actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1996 for her role as Marge Gunderson in Fargo.
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Geena Davis
Virginia Elizabeth "Geena" Davis (born January 21, 1956) is an American actress, film producer, writer, former fashion model, and a women's Olympics archery team semi-finalist.
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Gena Rowlands
Gena Rowlands (born June 19, 1930) is an American actress of film, stage and television. The 3 time Emmy and 2 time Golden Globe winner is best known for her collaborations with her actor-director husband John Cassavetes in ten films, in two of which, Gloria and A Woman Under the Influence, she gave Academy Award-nominated performances.
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Glen Roven
Glen Roven is an Emmy Award-winning composer, lyricist, and conductor. One of his notable compositions include a violin concerto based on the children's book The Runaway Bunny. Another notable composition is "Goodnight Moon, An Aria for Singer and Orchestra" which Lauren Flanigan performed in Central Park May 9, 2010 for an audience of 10,000. It was subsequently performed at Carnegie Hall, Alice Tully Hall and the Kimmel Center. He is the Artist Director of "GPR Records" where he conceived and produced "Poetic License 100 Poems/100 Performers" where artists such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, Patti LuPone, Jason Alexander, Cynthia Nixon, etc. perform their favorite poem. The CD has become the best selling Poetry CD of all time. "Pandora's Box", for which he wrote music and lyrics, will be performed at the NYMF Festival October 8 starring Kerry Butler and Deidre Goodwin.
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Glenn Close
Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947) is an American actress and singer of stage and screen, known for her roles as a femme fatale (the scheming marchioness of Merteuil in Dangerous Liaisons (1988), and deranged stalker Alex Forrest in Fatal Attraction (1987). She is also known for playing Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians (1996), and its sequel 102 Dalmatians (2000). She has been more recently known for being in the FX TV series Damages. She has been nominated five times for an Oscar, and has won three Tonys, an Obie, three Emmys, two Golden Globes, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
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Goldie Hawn
Goldie Jeanne Hawn (born November 21, 1945) is an American actress, film director, producer, and occasional singer. Hawn is known for her roles in ''Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In, Private Benjamin, Foul Play, Wildcats, Overboard, Bird on a Wire, Death Becomes Her, The First Wives Club, The Banger Sisters, and Cactus Flower'', for which she won the 1969 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She is also the mother of actors Oliver Hudson and Kate Hudson. Hawn has maintained a relationship with actor Kurt Russell since 1983.
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Gong Li
Gong Li (; born 31 December 1965) is a Chinese-born film actress. Gong first came into international prominence through close collaboration with Chinese director Zhang Yimou and is credited with helping bring Chinese cinema to Europe and the United States.
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Greta Garbo
Greta Garbo (18 September 1905 - 15 April 1990) was a Swedish actress primarily known for her work in the United States during Hollywood's silent film period and part of its subsequent Golden Age. Once moving to Hollywood, she appeared in only 27 movies, yet she remains one of the most popular and recognizable Hollywood stars. The MGM marketing ploy "Garbo talks" became a catch-phrase of the 1930s. Her popularity with the Depression-era audiences allowed her to dictate the terms of her contract in 1932, and she became increasingly choosy about her roles. After 1941, she accepted no more roles, and retired to an apartment in New York City.
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Halle Berry
Halle Berry (; born August 14, 1966) is an American actress, former fashion model, and beauty queen. Berry received an Emmy, Golden Globe, SAG, and an NAACP Image Award for Introducing Dorothy Dandridge and won an Academy Award for Best Actress and was also nominated for a BAFTA Award in 2001 for her performance in ''Monster's Ball'', becoming the first and, as of 2009, only woman of African American descent to have won the award for Best Actress. She is one of the most highly paid actresses in Hollywood and also a Revlon spokeswoman. She has also been involved in the production side of several of her films.
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Hamish McColl
Hamish McColl (born 1962) is a British comedian, writer and actor. He trained at the Ecole Phillippe Gaulier, Paris and Cambridge University. With Sean Foley, he formed the double act The Right Size in 1988, creating comic theatre shows which toured all over the world. more recently he has worked as a screenwriter, scripting ''Mr. Bean's Holiday'' and Johnny English Reborn.
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Harrison Ford
Harrison Ford (born July 13, 1942) is an American film actor and producer. Ford is best known for his performances as Han Solo in the original Star Wars trilogy and as the title character of the Indiana Jones film series. He is also known for his roles as Rick Deckard in Blade Runner, John Book in Witness and Jack Ryan in Patriot Games and Clear and Present Danger. His four-decade career also includes roles in several other Hollywood blockbusters, including Presumed Innocent, The Fugitive, Air Force One, and What Lies Beneath. At one point, four of the top five box-office hits of all time included one of his roles. Five of his films have been inducted into the National Film Registry.
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Heather Headley
Heather Headley (born October 5, 1974) is a Trinidadian R&B; and soul singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. She has won one Tony Award and one Grammy Award.
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Helen Mirren
Dame Helen Mirren, DBE (born 26 July 1945) is an English actor. She has won an Academy Award, four SAG Awards, four BAFTAs, three Golden Globes, four Emmy Awards, and two Cannes Film Festival Best Actress Awards during her career.
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Holly Hunter
Holly Paige Hunter (born March 20, 1958) is an American actress. Her films include Raising Arizona, Broadcast News, Always, and The Piano for which she won several acting awards, including an Academy Award for Best Actress. She also starred in the cable television series Saving Grace.
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Howard Dean
Howard Brush Dean III (born November 17, 1948) is an American politician and physician from the U.S. state of Vermont. He served six terms as the 79th Governor of Vermont and ran unsuccessfully for the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee from 2005 to 2009.
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Ingrid Bergman
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Irene Worth
Irene Worth, Honorary CBE (June 23, 1916 - March 9, 2002) was an American stage and screen actress who became one of the leading stars of the English and American theatre. She pronounced her given name with three syllables -- "I-REE-nee" -- and other actors are heard to use this pronunciation when referring to her at the Tony Awards ceremony and other public occasions.
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Jacki Weaver
Jacki Weaver (born May 25, 1947) is an Australian stage, television and film actress.
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Jamie Lee Curtis
Jamie Lee Curtis (born November 22, 1958) is an American actress and author. Although she was initially known as a "scream queen" because of her starring roles in many horror films early in her career, such as Halloween, The Fog, Prom Night and Terror Train, Curtis has since compiled a body of work that covers many genres. Her 1998 book, Today I Feel Silly, and Other Moods That Make My Day, made the best-seller list in The New York Times. Curtis has appeared in advertisements for Activia since 2007, and is a blogger for The Huffington Post online newspaper. She is married to actor, screenwriter, and director Christopher Guest.
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Jane Fonda
Jane Fonda (born December 21, 1937) is an American actress, writer, political activist, former fashion model, and fitness guru. She rose to fame in the 1960s with films such as Barbarella and Cat Ballou. She has won two Academy Awards and received several other awards and nominations. After 15 years of retirement, she returned to film in 2005 with Monster in Law followed by Georgia Rule two years later. She also produced and starred in several exercise videos released between 1982 and 1995.
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Jane Lapotaire
http://wn.com/Jane_Lapotaire -
Janet McTeer
Janet McTeer, OBE (born 8 May 1961) is a British actress.
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Jennifer Ehle
Jennifer Ehle (; born December 29, 1969) is a two-time Tony Award-winning British-American actress of stage and screen. She is probably best known for her starring role as Elizabeth Bennet in the 1995 mini-series Pride and Prejudice.
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Jennifer Holliday
Jennifer-Yvette Holliday (born October 19, 1960, Riverside, Texas) is an African-American singer and Tony Award-winning actress. She started her career on Broadway in musicals such as Dreamgirls, and later became a successful recording artist. She is best known for her debut single, the Dreamgirls showstopper and Grammy Award-winning R&B;/Pop hit, "And I Am Telling You I'm Not Going."
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Jeremy Irons
Jeremy John Irons (born 19 September 1948) is an English actor. After receiving classic training at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, Irons began his acting career on stage in 1969, and had since appeared in many London theatre productions including ''The Winter's Tale, Macbeth, Much Ado About Nothing, The Taming of the Shrew, and Richard II''. In 1984, he made his Broadway debut in Tom Stoppard's The Real Thing and received a Tony Award for Best Actor.
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Jessica Tandy
Jessie Alice "Jessica" Tandy (7 June 1909 – 11 September 1994) was an English stage and film actress.
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Joan Allen
Joan Allen (born August 20, 1956) is an American actress. She worked in theatre, television and film during her early career, and achieved recognition for her Broadway debut in Burn This, winning a Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in 1989.
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Joan Blondell
http://wn.com/Joan_Blondell -
Joan Rivers
Joan Alexandra Molinsky Sanger Rosenberg aka Joan Rivers (born June 8, 1933) is an American comedian, television personality and actress. She is known for her brash manner, her loud, raspy voice with a heavy New York accent, as well as her numerous cosmetic surgeries. Rivers's comic style relies heavily on poking fun at herself and other celebrities, mostly about their fashion sense. A documentary film about Rivers, , premiered at the San Francisco International Film Festival at the Castro Theatre on May 6, 2010.
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Joanna Gleason
Joanna Gleason (born June 2, 1950) is a Canadian actress and singer. She is a Tony Award-winning musical theatre actress and has also had a number of notable film and TV roles.
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Joanne Woodward
Joanne Gignilliat Trimmier Woodward (born February 27, 1930) is an Academy Award-winning American actress, television and theatrical producer, and widow of Paul Newman.
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Jodie Foster
Alicia Christian "Jodie" Foster (born November 19, 1962) is an American actress, film director and producer.
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Judi Dench
Dame Judith Olivia "Judi" Dench, CH, DBE, FRSA (born 9 December 1934) is an English film, stage and television actress.
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Judy Davis
Judy Davis (born 23 April 1955) is an Australian actress best known for her roles in Husbands and Wives, Barton Fink, A Passage to India and in the TV mini series .
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Julia Roberts
Julia Fiona Roberts (born October 28, 1967) is an American actress. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the 1990 romantic comedy Pretty Woman, which grossed $464 million worldwide. After receiving Academy Award nominations for Steel Magnolias in 1990 and Pretty Woman in 1991, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress in 2001 for her performance in Erin Brockovich. Her films ''My Best Friend's Wedding, Mystic Pizza, Notting Hill, Runaway Bride, Valentine's Day, The Pelican Brief, Ocean's Eleven and Twelve'' have collectively brought box office receipts of over $2.4 billion, making her one of the most successful actors in terms of box office receipts.
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Julianna Margulies
Julianna Luisa Margulies (born June 8, 1966) is an American actress.
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Julianne Moore
Julianne Moore (born December 3, 1960) is an American actress.
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Julie Andrews
Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews, DBE ( Wells; born 1 October 1935) is an English film and stage actress, singer, and author. She is the recipient of Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, Screen Actors Guild and Academy Award honours. Andrews was a former British child actress and singer who made her Broadway debut in 1954 with The Boy Friend, and rose to prominence starring in other musicals such as My Fair Lady and Camelot, and in musical films such as Mary Poppins (1964), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and The Sound of Music (1965): the roles for which she is still best-known. Her voice spanned four octaves until it was damaged by a throat operation in 1997.
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Julie Harris
Julia Ann "Julie" Harris (born December 2, 1925) is an American stage, screen, and television actress. She has won five Tony Awards, three Emmy Awards and a Grammy Award, and was nominated for an Academy Award. In 1994, she was awarded the National Medal of Arts. She is a member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame. She also received the 2002 Special Lifetime Achievement Tony Award.
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Juliette Binoche
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Karen Black
Karen Black (born July 1, 1939) is an American actress, screenwriter, singer, and songwriter. She is noted for appearing in such films as Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces, The Great Gatsby, The Day of the Locust, Nashville, Airport 1975, and Alfred Hitchcock's final film, Family Plot.
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Kate Winslet
Kate Elizabeth Winslet (born 5 October 1975) is an English actress and occasional singer. She has received multiple awards and nominations. She is the youngest person to accrue six Academy Award nominations, and won the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Reader (2008). Winslet has been acclaimed for both dramatic and comedic work in projects ranging from period to contemporary films, and from major Hollywood productions to less publicised indie films. She has won awards from the Screen Actors Guild, British Academy of Film and Television Arts, and the Hollywood Foreign Press Association among others, and has been nominated for an Emmy Award for television acting.
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Katey Sagal
Katey Sagal (born January 19th, 1954) is a multiple Golden Globe nominated American actress and singer-songwriter, best known for portraying Peggy Bundy on Married... with Children. She is also known for her roles as Cate S. Hennessy on 8 Simple Rules, Turanga Leela on Futurama, and Gemma Teller Morrow on Sons of Anarchy.
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Katharine Hepburn
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Kathy Bates
Kathleen Doyle "Kathy" Bates (born June 28, 1948) is an American actress and director.
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Kay Walsh
Kay Walsh (born Kathleen Walsh, 27 August 1911, Chelsea, London, England; died 16 April 2005, Chelsea, London) was an English actress and dancer. She grew up in Pimlico, brought up by her grandmother. She began her career as a dancer in West End music halls.
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Kirstie Alley
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Kristin Scott Thomas
Kristin A. Scott Thomas, OBE (born 24 May 1960) is a British actress who has also acquired French nationality. She gained international recognition in the 1990s for her roles in Bitter Moon, Four Weddings and a Funeral and The English Patient.
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Kyra Sedgwick
Kyra Minturn Sedgwick (born August 19, 1965) is an American actress. In 2007, Sedgwick won Best Actress for lead role in a dramatic TV series at the Golden Globes for her role in The Closer and an Emmy in 2010.
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Laura Linney
Laura Leggett Linney (born February 5, 1964) is an American actress of film, television, and theatre. Linney has won three Emmy Awards, a Golden Globe, and a Screen Actors Guild Award. She has been nominated for the Academy Award three times and once for the BAFTA Award. She stars in the Showtime original series, The Big C with Oliver Platt and Gabourey Sidibe.
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Lauren Bacall
Lauren Bacall (born Betty Joan Perske September 16, 1924) is an American film and stage actress and model, known for her distinctive husky voice and sultry looks.
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Lea Salonga
Lea Salonga-Chien (born February 22, 1971) is a Filipino singer and actress. She is best known for her musical role Kim in Miss Saigon, for which she won the Olivier, Tony, Drama Desk, Outer Critics and Theatre World Awards, the first to win various international awards for a single role.
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Lena Horne
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Lily Tomlin
Mary Jean "Lily" Tomlin (born September 1, 1939) is an American actress, comedian, writer and producer. She has won multiple awards from many quarters, including Tony Awards, Emmy Awards, and a Grammy Award and has also been nominated for an Academy Award.
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Linda Hunt
Linda Hunt (born April 2, 1945) is an American film, stage and television actress. She is perhaps best known for her Academy Award-winning role in 1982's The Year of Living Dangerously. She is currently portraying the role of Henrietta "Hetty" Lange, Office of Special Projects Operations Manager on the CBS Television series .
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Linda Lavin
Linda Lavin (born October 15, 1937) is an American singer and actress. She is best known for playing the title character in the sitcom Alice and for her Broadway performances.
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Liza Minnelli
Liza May Minnelli (born March 12, 1946) is an American singer and actress. She is the daughter of singer and actress Judy Garland and film director Vincente Minnelli.
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Lucille Ball
http://wn.com/Lucille_Ball -
Luigi Pirandello
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Lupe Ontiveros
Lupe Ontiveros (born September 17, 1942) is an American film and television actress. Ontiveros has acted in numerous films and television shows, most often playing a maid or, more recently, an all-knowing grandmother; the actress estimates she has played a maid between 150 and 300 times on screen.
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Lynn Whitfield
Lynn Whitfield (born May 6, 1953) is an American actress.
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Madeline Kahn
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Maggie Smith
Dame Margaret Natalie Smith-Cross, DBE (born 28 December 1934), better known as Maggie Smith, is an English film, stage, and television actress who made her stage debut in 1952 and is still performing after 58 years. She has won numerous awards for acting, including five BAFTA Awards, two Academy Awards, two Golden Globes, two Emmy Awards and a Tony Award.
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Mamie Eisenhower
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Margaret Rutherford
Dame Margaret Rutherford DBE (May 11, 1892 – May 22, 1972) was an English character actress, who first came to prominence following World War II in the film adaptations of Noel Coward's Blithe Spirit, and Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest. She is best-known for her 1960s performances as Miss Marple in several films based loosely on Agatha Christie's novels.
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Marie Mullen
Marie Mullen (born 1953) is an Irish actress.
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Mariska Hargitay
Mariska Hargitay ( ; born Mariska Magdolna Hargitay; January 23, 1964) is an American actress. She is the daughter of the late actor and professional bodybuilder Mickey Hargitay and late actress Jayne Mansfield. After winning the Miss Beverly Hills 1982 beauty pageant, she went on to study theater at UCLA and
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Marjorie Rambeau
Marjorie Rambeau (July 15, 1889 – July 6, 1970) was an American film and stage actress.
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Marjorie Rhodes
Marjorie Rhodes (9 April 1897 – 4 July 1979) was a British actress.
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Marlo Thomas
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Mary Elsie Moore
Mary Elsie Moore (October 22, 1889-December 21, 1941) was an American heiress who married and divorced Italian prince Don Marino Torlonia, 4th prince of Civitella-Cesi.
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Mary Tyler Moore
Mary Tyler Moore (born December 29, 1936) is an American actress, primarily known for her roles in television sitcoms.
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Maryann Plunkett
Maryann Plunkett (born ca. 1953) is an American actress who in 1987 won the Tony Award for Best Leading Actress in a Musical for her performance as "Sally Smith" in Me and My Girl.
http://wn.com/Maryann_Plunkett -
Meg Ryan
Margaret Mary Emily Anne Hyra (born November 19, 1961), professionally known as Meg Ryan, is an American actress and producer. Raised in Fairfield, Connecticut, Ryan began her acting career in 1981 in minor roles, before joining the cast of the CBS soap opera As the World Turns in 1982. Subsequently, she began to appear in supporting roles in big screen films during the mid-1980s, achieving recognition in several independent films such as Promised Land (1987), before her performance in the Rob Reiner-directed cult comedy When Harry Met Sally... (1989) brought her widespread attention and her first Golden Globe nomination.
http://wn.com/Meg_Ryan -
Mercedes Ruehl
Mercedes J. Ruehl (born February 28, 1948) is an American theater, television and film actor.
http://wn.com/Mercedes_Ruehl -
Meryl Streep
Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress who has worked in theatre, television and film. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented and respected actors of the modern era.
http://wn.com/Meryl_Streep -
Mia Wasikowska
Mia Wasikowska ( ; born 14 October 1989) is an Australian actress. After starting her career in Australian shorts and feature-length films, she first became known to a wider audience following her critically acclaimed work on the HBO television series In Treatment. She gained worldwide prominence in 2010 after starring as Alice in Tim Burton's $1-billion grossing Alice in Wonderland and appearing in the Sundance Film Festival hit The Kids Are All Right. In 2011, she will star in Gus Van Sant's Restless and portray the title character in Sin Nombre director Cary Fukunaga's adaptation of Jane Eyre.
http://wn.com/Mia_Wasikowska -
Michael Frayn
Michael J. Frayn (born 8 September 1933) is an English playwright and novelist. He is best known as the author of the farce Noises Off and the dramas Copenhagen and Democracy. His novels, such as Towards the End of the Morning, Headlong and Spies, have also been critical and commercial successes, making him one of the handful of writers in the English language to succeed in both drama and prose fiction. His works often raise philosophical questions in a humorous context. Frayn's wife is Claire Tomalin, the biographer and literary journalist.
http://wn.com/Michael_Frayn -
Michelle Pfeiffer
http://wn.com/Michelle_Pfeiffer -
Mira Sorvino
Mira Katherine Sorvino (born September 28, 1967) is an American actress. She won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Mighty Aphrodite (1995) and is also known for her role as Romy White in "Romy and Michele's High School Reunion".
http://wn.com/Mira_Sorvino -
Mobutu Sese Seko
http://wn.com/Mobutu_Sese_Seko -
Mona Washbourne
Mona Washbourne (born 27 November 1903, Birmingham - died 15 November 1988, London) was an English actress of stage, film and television.
http://wn.com/Mona_Washbourne -
Natalia Makarova
Nataliya Romanovna Makarova (, born October 21, 1940) is an award-winning Soviet-Russian-born American prima ballerina. She has also won awards as an actress portraying a prima ballerina.
http://wn.com/Natalia_Makarova -
Nina Foch
Nina Foch (April 20, 1924 - December 5, 2008) was a Dutch-born American actress and leading lady in many 1940s and 1950s films.
http://wn.com/Nina_Foch -
Olympia Dukakis
Olympia Dukakis (born June 20, 1931) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Olympia_Dukakis -
Pamela Franklin
Pamela Franklin (born 3 February 1950) is a British actress who appeared in films from 1961 until 1976.
http://wn.com/Pamela_Franklin -
Patricia Arquette
Patricia T. Arquette (born April 8, 1968) is an American actress and director. She plays the lead character in the supernatural drama series Medium.
http://wn.com/Patricia_Arquette -
Patricia Clarkson
Patricia Davies Clarkson (born December 29, 1959) is an American actress. After having a dramatic education on the East Coast, Clarkson launched her acting career in 1985, and has worked steadily in both film and television. She twice won the Emmy for Outstanding Guest Actress in Six Feet Under, and was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress in Pieces of April (2003).
http://wn.com/Patricia_Clarkson -
Patti LuPone
http://wn.com/Patti_LuPone -
Paul Giovanni
http://wn.com/Paul_Giovanni -
Peggy Ann Garner
Peggy Ann Garner (February 3, 1932 – October 16, 1984) was an American actress.
http://wn.com/Peggy_Ann_Garner -
Penélope Cruz
http://wn.com/Penélope_Cruz -
People Magazine
http://wn.com/People_Magazine -
Phyllis Frelich
Phyllis Frelich (born February 29, 1944) is an American actress, and, with Marlee Matlin, one of the two pre-eminent deaf actresses in the United States.
http://wn.com/Phyllis_Frelich -
Piper Laurie
Piper Laurie (born Rosetta Jacobs; January 22, 1932) is an American actress of stage and screen best known for her roles in the television series Twin Peaks and the films The Hustler, Carrie, and Children of a Lesser God, all of which brought her Academy Award nominations.
http://wn.com/Piper_Laurie -
Placido Domingo
http://wn.com/Placido_Domingo -
Queen Latifah
Dana Elaine Owens (born March 18, 1970), better known by her stage name Queen Latifah, is an American rapper, actress and singer. Queen Latifah's work in music, film and television has earned her a Golden Globe award, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, two Image Awards, a Grammy Award, six additional Grammy nominations, an Emmy Award nomination and an Academy Award nomination.
http://wn.com/Queen_Latifah -
Renée Zellweger
http://wn.com/Renée_Zellweger -
Richard Rodgers
http://wn.com/Richard_Rodgers -
Robert Bilheimer
http://wn.com/Robert_Bilheimer -
Ronee Blakley
Ronee Blakley (born August 24 1945) is an American actress, singer, songwriter, composer, producer, and director.
http://wn.com/Ronee_Blakley -
Rosemary Harris
Rosemary Ann Harris (born 19 September 1927) is an English actress and a member of the American Theatre Hall of Fame.
http://wn.com/Rosemary_Harris -
Ruby Dee
Ruby Dee (born October 27, 1924) is an American actress, poet, playwright, screenwriter, journalist, and activist, perhaps best-known for co-starring in the film A Raisin in the Sun (1961).
http://wn.com/Ruby_Dee -
Ruby Keeler
http://wn.com/Ruby_Keeler -
Ruth Brown
Ruth Brown (January 30, 1928 – November 17, 2006) was an American pop and R&B; singer-songwriter, record producer, composer and actress noted for bringing a pop music style to R&B; music in a series of hit songs for Atlantic Records in the 1950s, such as "So Long", "Teardrops from My Eyes" and "(Mama) He Treats Your Daughter Mean". For these contributions, Atlantic became known as "The house that Ruth built" (alluding to the popular nickname for Old Yankee Stadium).
http://wn.com/Ruth_Brown -
S. Epatha Merkerson
http://wn.com/S_Epatha_Merkerson -
Sabine Azéma
http://wn.com/Sabine_Azéma -
Sally Field
Sally Margaret Field (born November 6, 1946) is an American actress, singer, producer, director, and screenwriter. In each decade of her career, she has been known for major roles in American TV/film culture, including: in the 1960s, for Gidget (1965-66) or Sister Bertrille on The Flying Nun (1967-70); in the 1970s, for Sybil (1976), Smokey and the Bandit or Norma Rae; in the 1980s, for Absence of Malice, Places in the Heart (1984) or Steel Magnolias; in the 1990s, for Not Without My Daughter, Mrs. Doubtfire (1993) or Forrest Gump; and in the 2000s, on the TV shows ER or Brothers & Sisters. She has also performed in numerous other roles.
http://wn.com/Sally_Field -
Sandra Bullock
Sandra Annette Bullock (; born July 26, 1964) is an American actress who rose to fame in the 1990s, after roles in successful films such as Speed and While You Were Sleeping. She has since established her career with films such as Miss Congeniality and Crash, which received critical acclaim. In 2007, she was ranked as the 14th richest female celebrity with an estimated fortune of $85 million. In 2009, Bullock starred in the most financially successful films of her career, The Proposal and The Blind Side. Bullock was awarded a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress, a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role, and the Academy Award for Best Actress, for her role as Leigh Anne Tuohy in The Blind Side.
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Sela Ward
http://wn.com/Sela_Ward -
Shailene Woodley
Shailene Diann Woodley (born November 15, 1991) is an American teen actress. Woodley is best known for portraying Amy Juergens in the ABC Family series, The Secret Life of the American Teenager
http://wn.com/Shailene_Woodley -
Sheldon Harnick
Sheldon Harnick (born 30 April 1924) is an American lyricist best known for his collaborations with composer Jerry Bock on hit musicals such as Fiddler on the Roof.
http://wn.com/Sheldon_Harnick -
Sherman Brothers
The Sherman Brothers are an American songwriting duo that specialize in musical films, made up of Robert B. Sherman (born December 19, 1925) and Richard M. Sherman (born June 12, 1928).
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Shirley Booth
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Shirley MacLaine
Shirley MacLaine (born April 24, 1934) is an American film and theater actress, dancer, activist, and author, well-known for her beliefs in new age spirituality and reincarnation. She has written a large number of autobiographical works, many dealing with her spiritual beliefs as well as her Hollywood career. In 1983, she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her role in Terms of Endearment. She is the elder sister of actor Warren Beatty.
http://wn.com/Shirley_MacLaine -
Sigourney Weaver
Sigourney Weaver (born Susan Alexandra Weaver; October 8, 1949) is an American actress best known for her role as Ellen Ripley in the Alien film series, a role for which she has received worldwide recognition. She is also known for her roles in the Ghostbusters films, Gorillas in the Mist, The Ice Storm, Working Girl, Holes, and Avatar.
http://wn.com/Sigourney_Weaver -
Stockard Channing
Stockard Channing (born February 13, 1944) is an American stage, film and television actress. She is known for her portrayal of First Lady Abbey Bartlet in the NBC television series The West Wing; for playing Betty Rizzo in the film Grease; and for her role in both the stage and screen versions of Six Degrees of Separation.
http://wn.com/Stockard_Channing -
Sunny von Bulow
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Sunny von Bülow
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Susan Sarandon
Susan Sarandon (born October 4, 1946) is an American actress. She has worked in films and television, since 1969, and won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in the 1995 film Dead Man Walking. She was nominated for the award for four films, before that, and has received other recognition for her work. She is also noted for her social and political activism for a variety of liberal causes.
http://wn.com/Susan_Sarandon -
Sybil Thorndike
Dame Agnes Sybil Thorndike CH DBE (24 October 1882 – 9 June 1976) was a British actress.
http://wn.com/Sybil_Thorndike -
Sylvia Sidney
Sylvia Sidney (August 8, 1910 – July 1, 1999) was an American actress most notable for her performances in gangster movies of the 1920s and 1930s.
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Talia Shire
Talia Shire (born April 25, 1946) is an American actress most known for her roles as Connie Corleone in The Godfather films and Adriana Balboa in Rocky series (I to V).
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Taliaferro
Taliaferro, Tolliver, or Toliver (all ), is a prominent family in the United States Commonwealth of Virginia. The Taliaferros (originally Tagliaferro, ironcutter in Italian) are one of the early families who settled in Virginia in the 17th century. They migrated from London, where an ancestor had served as a musician in the court of Queen Elizabeth I, but their origins were in northern Italy.
http://wn.com/Taliaferro -
Tennessee Williams
Tennessee Williams (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983) born Thomas Lanier Williams, was an American playwright who received many of the top theatrical awards for his works of drama. He moved to New Orleans in 1939 and changed his name to "Tennessee", the Southeastern U.S. state, his father's birthplace.
http://wn.com/Tennessee_Williams -
Teresa Stratas
Teresa Stratas, OC (born May 26, 1938, Toronto, Ontario), is a retired Canadian operatic soprano.
http://wn.com/Teresa_Stratas -
Theda Bara
http://wn.com/Theda_Bara -
Tim Story
Timothy Kevin Story (born March 13, 1970) is an African-American film director. Born in Los Angeles, California, he attended Westchester High School in Los Angeles with jazz pianist Eric Reed and actresses Regina King and Nia Long. He was senior class president at Westchester High. He graduated from the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts in 1991. His twin sister, Tamryn, was a basketball star at USC. He lives in LA with his wife and two daughters. He is the founder of The Story Company, an entertainment production company that he started with his wife in 1996.
http://wn.com/Tim_Story -
Tom Stoppard
Sir Tom Stoppard OM, CBE, FRSL (born 3 July 1937) is an influential British playwright, knighted in 1997. He has written prolifically for TV, radio, film and stage, finding prominence with plays such as Arcadia, The Coast of Utopia, Every Good Boy Deserves Favour, Professional Foul, The Real Thing, and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. He co-wrote the screenplays for Brazil and Shakespeare in Love and has won one Academy Award and four Tony Awards. Themes of human rights, censorship and political freedom pervade his work along with exploration of linguistics and philosophy.
http://wn.com/Tom_Stoppard -
Tony Walton
Tony Walton (born Anthony John Walton, 24 October 1934) is an English set and costume designer.
http://wn.com/Tony_Walton -
Uma Thurman
http://wn.com/Uma_Thurman -
Valerie Harper
Valerie Harper (born August 22, 1939) is an American actress, known for her role as Rhoda Morgenstern on the 1970s television show The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and for her starring roles on the sitcoms Rhoda (a spin-off of The Mary Tyler Moore Show) and Valerie.
http://wn.com/Valerie_Harper -
Valerie Perrine
Valerie Ritchie Perrine (born September 3, 1943) is an American actress and model.
http://wn.com/Valerie_Perrine -
Vanessa Redgrave
Vanessa Redgrave, CBE (born 30 January 1937) is an English actress of stage, screen and television, as well as a political activist.
http://wn.com/Vanessa_Redgrave -
Virginia Maskell
http://wn.com/Virginia_Maskell -
Vivien Merchant
Vivien Merchant (born Ada Thompson 22 July 1929 – 3 October 1982) was a British actress. She performed in many stage productions and several films, including Alfie (1966) and Frenzy (1972). Her performance in Alfie earned her Academy Award and Golden Globe nominations for Best Supporting Actress, and the National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress.
http://wn.com/Vivien_Merchant -
Whoopi Goldberg
Whoopi Goldberg (; born Caryn Elaine Johnson; November 13, 1955) is an American comedian, actress, singer-songwriter, political activist, and talk show host.
http://wn.com/Whoopi_Goldberg -
William Congreve
http://wn.com/William_Congreve -
Winona Ryder
Winona Laura Horowitz (born October 29, 1971), better known under her professional name Winona Ryder, is an American actress. She made her film debut in the 1986 film Lucas. Ryder's first significant role came in Tim Burton's Beetlejuice (1988) as a goth teenager, which won her critical and commercial recognition. After making various appearances in film and television, Ryder continued her career with the cult film Heathers (1989), a controversial satire of teenage suicide and high school life, which drew Ryder further critical and commercial attention.
http://wn.com/Winona_Ryder -
Zoe Caldwell
Zoe Caldwell, OBE (born September 14, 1933) is an Australian-born actress.
http://wn.com/Zoe_Caldwell
No Place Like Home (2001)
"No Place Like Home (2001)" Actors
- Judge Reinhold
- Joanna Pacula
- Bruce Weitz
- Alana Austin
- Richard Moll
- Clayton Taylor
- Geoff Stults
- Adrienne Barbeau
- Meko The Dog
- Pamela Nielsen
- Jonathan Meyers
- Melissa R. Haas
- Tobijah Tyler
- Don Martin
- Donald C. Martin
"No Place Like Home (2001)" Director
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Other Times (Solar)
- Teasing and Pleasing
- Raging Angel
- Juicy Ass
- Straddle Me
- Push
- Deep Inside
- Bubble
- Slide
- Fucking
- Cry
- Driving
- Rushing
- Baby Yeah
- Come
- Tim's Entry
- Moonkiss
- Monkey Bear
- Other Times (Lunar)
- Aguirre (mix)
- Burden
- So Much Love
- Truly Judy
- Contract
- Children's Suite: Displaying Prisms
- Aguirre (Exterior)
- Chicago
- Coming Up Empty Again
- Memories
- The Fable of Salty Water
- Thunder and Lightning
- Let It Overcome You
- The Bogeymen
- Industry 2000
- Our Blue Navy
- Turn Away
- Work
- Another Season
- A Christmas to the Easter
- Rebel Base
- PS A.R.
- The Pearls Hang Loosely
- Summertime
- Wicked Ember Waltz
- Extra Ordinary
- I Can Rely
- 1 db
- Out
- Children Suite :2: Health
- Forgiveness
- Sweetener of Heart
- Bad Vibrations
- Dung Hoe!
- Seganation
- Ride It Right
- Simpler Days
- Gallup
- [untitled]
- Freedom Rd.
- Make It Right
- Sliverrings
- My Friend Maurice
- The Moving In
- Lost It
- Reprint
- Raising Tide
- In My House
- Atomique (Journale D'Physique Vol 1.1)
- Losing (Dec. 12, 1916)
- Concepcion
- With a Swift
- Schooldays
- The Old Man Dying
- Time Passes By
- The Old Man Calling
- The Disaster
- The Sun's Revenge
- A Secret To Keep
- The Brass Band Player
- Rejoicing
- The Disaster Returns (Devastation)
- The Death Of The Alchemist
- The Alchemist
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Trailer: Home (2009)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:40
- Published: 06 Jun 2009
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Home is a 2009 documentary by Yann Arthus-Bertrand. The film is entirely composed of aerial shots of various places around Earth. It shows the diversity of life on Earth and how humanity is threatening the ecological balance of the planet. The movie was released simultaneously on June 5th in cinemas all over the world, on DVD and on YouTube. Released on the same date in 50 countries is a world record for any film release in history. The film is 100% free, and no profits will be made from its release or future showings.
http://wn.com/Trailer_Home_2009
HOME (Kino-Trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Published: 24 Apr 2009
- Updated: 08 Jul 2012
In den 200.000 Jahren seiner Existenz hat der Mensch ein Gleichgewicht gestört, das sich in 4 Milliarden Jahren entwickelt hat. Der Preis dafür ist hoch, doch es ist zu spät, um sich Pessimismus leisten zu können. Es bleiben der Menschheit kaum noch 10 Jahre, um den Trend umzukehren: Wir müssen Schluss machen mit der maßlosen Ausbeutung der Reichtümer dieser Erde und müssen unsere Konsumgewohnheiten ändern. HOME ist ein Spielfilm von Yann Arthus-Bertrand in Koproduktion mit EuropaCorp (Unternehmen von Luc Besson) und Elzévir Films mit der Unterstützung durch PPR. HOME besteht aus Luftbildaufnahmen, die die großen ökologischen Fragen behandeln und gleichzeitig zeigen, dass es Lösungen gibt. HOME erscheint am 5. Juni 2009 auf der ganzen Welt und in allen Medienformaten. Ziel ist es, möglichst viele Menschen zu erreichen und uns alle davon zu überzeugen, dass wir jede Verantwortung für diesen Planeten tragen. Am 5. Juni haben wir alle eine Verabredung mit dieser Erde! www.home-2009.com
http://wn.com/HOME_Kino-Trailer
Last House On The Left (2009) - Official Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 12 Feb 2011
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
After kidnapping and brutally assaulting two young women, a gang led by a prison escapee unknowingly finds refuge at a vacation home belonging the parents of one of the victims -- a mother and father who devise an increasingly gruesome series of revenge tactics. A remake to a 1972 original movie by Wes Craven (Scream series and loads other horror thrillers) Released on 2009 Starring: Sara Paxton, Garret Dillahunt, Monica Potter, Riki Lindhome, Tony Goldwyn, Martha MacIsaac, Spencer Treat Clark
http://wn.com/Last_House_On_The_Left_2009_Official_Trailer
Home - Trailer 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Published: 14 Apr 2009
- Updated: 21 Oct 2011
Existem momentos congelados sob vidro. Inga (Academia prêmio vencedor Marcia Gay Harden) é um poeta. Ela quer comprar e restaurar uma casa que ela é desenhada para que ela lembra de sua infância casa, mas seu marido distante Hermann (Michael Gaston) vê-lo ou de pouco valor em muitas das coisas Inga ama. Inga percebe que muitas coisas em sua vida são próximos círculo completo. Seu casamento está desmoronando um forte contraste com o seu relacionamento com seus 8 anos de idade, filha, (Eulala Scheel, Ms. Harden da vida real filha) com quem ela partes esperanças, medos e pensamentos mais interiores, após a sua recuperação a partir de mama câncer. Por volta do dia as suas vidas parecem mágicos, cheio de nuvens assistindo, pipa voar e preguiçoso Verão unidades. Mas à noite, Inga é atormentada por seu casamento, a sua falta de intimidade e de seu medo de sua própria mortalidade. Ao tecer otimismo em sua vida é a história em sua própria escrita de que ela ouve o eco da sua mãe e as experiências da viagem a revelação de que ela permite a transformação.
http://wn.com/Home_Trailer_2009
The Uninvited (2009) - Official Trailer [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Published: 12 Jul 2011
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
In The Uninvited, Anna Rydell returns home to her sister (and best friend) Alex after a stint in a mental hospital, though her recovery is jeopardized thanks to her cruel stepmother, aloof father, and the presence of a ghost in their home. Starring: Emily Browning, Arielle Kebbel, Elizabeth Banks, Maya Massar, David Strathairn, Jesse Moss
http://wn.com/The_Uninvited_2009_Official_Trailer_HD_
Epic and Honest Mobile Home Commercial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:20
- Published: 21 Oct 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Cullman Liquidation is the 5th local commercial of our I Love Local Commercials Series sponsored by MicroBilt ( ilovelocalcommercials.com ) -- Nominate your favorite local business for a FREE local commercial at ilovelocalcommercials.com Watch all of our RhettandLinKommercials and see who's been nominated! http -- Everything Robert said in this commercial is true. Watch the behind-the-scenes episode now: www.youtube.com -- This ad was written, directed, and edited by your trusty Internetainment duo, Rhett & Link. Distributed by Tubemogul. --- We received this email from Star on 11/21/09: Hey guys, Sad news, Matt, (one of the movers [in the white tank top] from the commercial) passed away today. He was driving home a few nights ago from his job in another town and fell asleep at the wheel. He was 22, has a 3 mth old son, and was to be married this week. Please be careful when you're out on the road. Your friend, Star* --- Our deepest condolences to Matt's family.
http://wn.com/Epic_and_Honest_Mobile_Home_Commercial
HOME (Bande-annonce)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:28
- Published: 16 Apr 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
En 200 000 ans d'existence, l'homme a rompu un équilibre fait de près de 4 milliards d'années d'évolution de la Terre. Le prix à payer est lourd, mais il est trop tard pour être pessimiste: il reste à peine dix ans à l'humanité pour inverser la tendance, prendre conscience de son exploitation démesurée des richesses de la Terre, et changer son mode de consommation. Plus qu'un film, HOME sera un événement mondial : pour la première fois dans l'histoire, ce long-métrage sortira en même temps dans plus de 50 pays et sur tous les supports : cinéma, TV, DVD et Internet. C'est la date symbolique du 5 juin 2009 qui a été choisie pour cette sortie internationale. Nous avons tous rendez-vous avec la planète le 5 juin ! www.home-2009.com www.ppr.com
http://wn.com/HOME_Bande-annonce
HOME - A Fanmade Trailer 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Published: 07 Jul 2009
- Updated: 10 Jun 2012
***THIS IS A FAN MADE TRAILER*** of the awesome Movie "Home 2009" by Yann Arthus Bertrand In 200000 years on earth, humanity has upset the balance of the planet, , established by nearly four billion years of evolution. The price to pay is high, but its too late to be a pessimist: humanity has barely ten years to reverse the trend, become aware of the full extent of its spoliation of the Earths riches and change its patterns of consumption n den 200.000 Jahren seiner Existenz hat der Mensch ein Gleichgewicht gestört, das sich in 4 Milliarden Jahren entwickelt hat. Der Preis dafür ist hoch, doch es ist zu spät, um sich Pessimismus leisten zu können. Es bleiben der Menschheit kaum noch 10 Jahre, um den Trend umzukehren: Wir müssen Schluss machen mit der maßlosen Ausbeutung der Reichtümer dieser Erde und müssen unsere Konsumgewohnheiten ändern. Website: www.home-2009.com Film komplett auf deusch gibt es hier: www.carimodesign.de
http://wn.com/HOME_A_Fanmade_Trailer_2009
Not Since You Trailer (www.notsinceyoumovie.com)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:30
- Published: 09 Oct 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Buy the film at FilmBaby: www.filmbaby.com The trailer for the romantic dramedy Not Since You. Directed by Jeff Stephenson and produced by Jane Kelly Kosek. The ensemble cast includes Desmond Harrington, Kathleen Robertson, Christian Kane, Jon Abrahams, Sunny Mabrey, Will Estes, Elden Henson, Sara Rue, Liane Balaban & Barry Corbin. A Wonder Entertainment production.
http://wn.com/Not_Since_You_Trailer_wwwnotsinceyoumoviecom
"Paranormal Activity" - Official Trailer [HQ HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:46
- Published: 15 Sep 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
if you can't see zombie movies, don't watch this trailer: www.youtube.com Ok, this is the hottest new 'Blair Witch Project' -esque movie. We are alone at home and weird freaky things are happening. Do you believe? Coming to theaters on September 25, 2009. Starring: Katie Featherston, Micah Sloat, Mark Fredrichs, Amber Armstrong, Ashley Palmer After a young, middle class couple moves into what seems like a typical suburban starter tract house, they become increasingly disturbed by a presence that may or may not be somehow demonic but is certainly most active in the middle of the night. Especially when they sleep. Or try to.
http://wn.com/Paranormal_Activity_Official_Trailer_HQ_HD_
Sherlock Holmes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 128:21
- Published: 09 Mar 2012
- Updated: 21 Jun 2012
In a dynamic new portrayal of Arthur Conan Doyle's most famous characters, "Sherlock Holmes" sends Holmes (Robert Downey Jr.) and his stalwart partner, Dr. Watson (Jude Law) on their latest challenge. The only woman ever to have bested Holmes, Irene Adler (Rachel McAdams) again sparks her tempestuous relationship with the detective, while a mysterious new nemesis - Blackwood (Mark Strong) - constructs a deadly plot that could destroy the country. Revealing fighting skills as lethal as his legendary intellect, Holmes will battle as never before to bring down Blackwood and unravel his plan. MPAA Rating: PG-13 © 2009 Warner Bros. Ent. All Rights Reserved.
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes
Attack on Leningrad
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 110:21
- Published: 06 Oct 2011
- Updated: 17 Mar 2012
A soaring, action-packed journey of heroism and sacrifice as one crusading journalist desperately fights to uncover the horrors buried within the infamous Nazi siege of Leningrad in the savage winter of 1941. In the height of World War II, journalist Kate Davis becomes trapped within the devastated city of Leningrad. Separated from her lover, American writer Philip Parker, Kate is rescued by Nina Tsvetkova, a member of the Leningrad militia who provides refuge for those escaping those horrors of war that have come so close to home. © Kenn Management SA 2009. All rights reserved.
http://wn.com/Attack_on_Leningrad
Home 2009 Trailer (Portugues Brasil)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:27
- Published: 30 May 2009
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Em algumas poucas décadas, a humanidade interferiu no equilíbrio do planeta estabelecido há aproximadamente quatro bilhões de anos de evolução. O preço a pagar é alto, mas é tarde demais para ser pessimista. A humanidade tem somente dez anos para reverter essa situação, observar atentamente à extensão da destruição das riquezas da Terra e considerar mudanças em seus padrões de consumo. Ao longo de uma sequência única através de cinquenta países, toda filmada dos céus, Yann Arthus-Bertrand divide conosco sua admiração e preocupação com esse filme e finca a pedra fundamental para mostrar que, juntos, precisamos reconstruí-lo.
http://wn.com/Home_2009_Trailer_Portugues_Brasil
Sherlock Holmes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 85:37
- Published: 27 Oct 2011
- Updated: 22 Jun 2012
Fearsome monsters are terrorising London. Holmes and his faithful companion Dr. Watson must embark on their most dangerous case yet. The investigation
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes
Best Elbow up one hand tutorial
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:20
- Published: 11 Jun 2012
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
if you enjoyed the video ''Press I lke'' thank you!!! 3° video tutorial dope tricks and combos | elbow up one hand | breakdance bboy tutorial elbow to airchair bboying practice balance rubberlegz dope best powermoves trick and combos skill methodz cloud neguin lilou lil amok taisuke kill kid david ronnie bgirl roxi thesis Gamblerz Crew Trailer 2009 2011 RubberLegz // Home
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Star Wars: The Old Republic - Deceived Trailer - E3 2009
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:53
- Published: 05 Jun 2009
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
hold
http://wn.com/Star_Wars_The_Old_Republic_Deceived_Trailer_E3_2009
Ghost Month
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 101:04
- Published: 05 Jul 2011
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
viewster.com - watch MORE free movies on http According to the Chinese calendar, the seventh month of every year marks the time when the restless spirits of the dead break free from the gates of hell to mix among the mortals. During this time, specific rules must be followed to avoid falling prey to the spirits of the damned. When a solitude- seeking housekeeper arrives at the desert home of a superstitious Chinese woman and her devoutly religious aunt, Death senses an opportunity to extend its grip into the mortal realm.
http://wn.com/Ghost_Month
The Sims 3 - Official Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:43
- Published: 05 Feb 2009
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
Title: The Sims 3 Release Date: 2 June 2009 Platforms: PC|Mac|iPhone|iPod Touch|Mobile Devices Label: EA Games Genre: Life Simulation Age Rating: T (Teen) Subscribe Now: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/The_Sims_3_Official_Trailer
When In Rome - Official Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:30
- Published: 28 Aug 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Click Here: amzn.to Take home the fun of "When In Rome" available June 15 in the US on Blu-ray, DVD and Movie Download
http://wn.com/When_In_Rome_Official_Movie_Trailer
Screaming Skull
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 62:52
- Published: 05 May 2009
- Updated: 08 Jul 2012
A newlywed couple arrives at the home of the husband's late wife, where the gardens have been maintained by a gardener faithful to the dead woman's memory. Soon eerie events lead the new wife to think she is going out of her mind.
http://wn.com/Screaming_Skull
The Glass House (trailer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:15
- Published: 10 May 2007
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
When Ruby and Rhett's parents are killed in a car accident, their carefree teenage lives are suddenly shattered. Moving to an incredible house in Malibu with the Glasses - old friends of the family - seems to be the beginning of a new life for them. But Ruby soon stumbles upon information that leads her to suspect that her new legal guardians might somehow be responsible for her parents' deaths. Now she finds herself all alone in a duel of wits with the ruthless and terrifying couple - and she's the only thing standing between them and her $4 million inheritance. imdb.com
http://wn.com/The_Glass_House_trailer
Birth Without Violence: Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:37
- Published: 02 Mar 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
The trailer for the landmark film Birth Without Violence by Frederick Leboyer available from New Earth Records. This film received the Green Apple Award at the Green Lifestyle Film Festival, held in Los Angeles, CA in March 2009. www.newearthrecords.com Music by Deuter, Title: Atmospheres, Track: dieci #10 Album AVAILABLE at www.newearthrecords.com
http://wn.com/Birth_Without_Violence_Trailer
Clint Mansell - Sacrifice (Moon OST)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:04
- Published: 20 Jul 2009
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Trailer version. Moon (2009) Original Soundtrack. A sci fi movie directed by Duncan Jones depicts a story of a lonely Moon worker: Sam Bell (Sam Rockwell) contracted to work for three years on a Moon base. Two weeks before his trip back home he discovers someone else on the Moon, someone who looks exactly like him. Sam Bell starts to lose his mind as he cannot understand any of this. I highly recommend watching this movie, it's a sci-fi piece which is something we've been waiting for a long time. A fascinating story of a lonely worker cut off from his family for 3 years just to support them. His final days on the Moon mining base turn into a maelstrom of confusion and questioning himself as he discovers someone who looks exactly like him.Clint Mansell's music score represents the movie beautifully. If you're looking for a movie which will blind you with CGI, you're in the wrong place. Moon is thought provoking, brilliant and a true sci-fi movie that all fans of the genre have been waiting for
http://wn.com/Clint_Mansell_Sacrifice_Moon_OST
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| Glenn Close | |
|---|---|
 Close in Paris at the Albert Nobbs French premiere in February 2012. |
|
| Born | (1947-03-19) March 19, 1947 (age 65)[1] Greenwich, Connecticut, U.S. |
| Alma mater | College of William and Mary |
| Occupation | Actress, producer |
| Years active | 1975–present |
| Spouse | Cabot Wade (1969–1971) James Marlas (1984–1987) David Shaw (2006–present) |
| Partner | Len Cariou (1979–1983) John Starke (1987–1991; 1 child) Steve Beers (1995) |
Glenn Close (born March 19, 1947)[1] is an American film, television and stage actress. She is best known for her roles as a femme fatale—the scheming Marquise de Merteuil in Dangerous Liaisons (1988) and deranged stalker Alex Forrest in Fatal Attraction (1987)—as well as Cruella de Vil in 101 Dalmatians (1996), and its sequel 102 Dalmatians (2000). She has been more recently known for her Emmy and Golden Globe winning role as Patty Hewes in the FX TV series Damages.
Consistently acclaimed for her versatility, she has been nominated six times for an Oscar (five times throughout the 1980's), three times for a Grammy Award and once for a BAFTA Film Award, and has won three Tonys, an Obie, three Emmys, two Golden Globes, and a Screen Actors Guild Award.
Contents |
Early life and family[link]
Close was born in Greenwich, Connecticut, the daughter of Bettine (née Moore) and William Taliaferro Close,[1] a doctor who operated a clinic in the Belgian Congo and served as a personal physician to Congo/Zaire President Mobutu Sese Seko.[2] Her parents came from prominent families. Her father was a descendant of the Taliaferros of Virginia; her paternal grandfather, Edward Bennett Close, a stockbroker and director of the American Hospital Association,[3] was first married to Post Cereals' heiress Marjorie Merriweather Post. Close is also a second cousin once-removed of actress Brooke Shields (Shields's great-grandmother Mary Elsie Moore was a sister of Close's maternal grandfather, Charles Arthur Moore, Jr.).[4]
During her childhood, Close lived with her parents in a stone cottage on her maternal grandfather's estate, in Greenwich.[5] Close has credited her early years for her acting abilities: "I have no doubt that the days I spent running free in the evocative Connecticut countryside with an unfettered imagination, playing whatever character our games demanded, is one of the reasons that acting has always seemed so natural to me."[6] When she was seven years old, her parents joined a "cult group", the Moral Re-Armament, in which her family remained involved for fifteen years, living in communal centers. Close has stated that the family "struggled to survive the pressures of a culture that dictated everything about how we lived our lives." Close traveled for several years in the mid-to-late 1960s with an MRA singing group called "Up With People", and attended Rosemary Hall (now Choate Rosemary Hall), graduating in 1965.[5][7] When she was 22, Close broke away from MRA, attending The College of William and Mary, and majoring in theatre. It was in the College's theatre department that she began to train as a serious actor, under Howard Scammon.[8] She was elected to membership in the honor society of Phi Beta Kappa.[5]
Career[link]
Film and television[link]
Close started her professional stage career in 1974, and her film work in 1982.[5] She has been nominated for six Academy Awards, for Best Actress in Dangerous Liaisons, Fatal Attraction, and Albert Nobbs and for Best Supporting Actress in The Natural, The Big Chill and The World According to Garp (her first film).[5] In 1984, Close starred in the critically acclaimed drama Something about Amelia, a Golden Globe-winning television movie about a family destroyed by sexual abuse. In 1987 she played the disturbed book editor Alex in Fatal Attraction, and in 1988 she played the scheming aristocrat The Marquise de Merteuil in Dangerous Liaisons.[5] She played the role of Sunny von Bülow in the 1990 film Reversal of Fortune to critical acclaim.
In the 1990s, she starred in the highly rated presentation of the 1991 Hallmark Hall of Fame drama Sarah, Plain and Tall (and its two sequels) and also in the made-for-TV movie Serving in Silence: The Margarethe Cammermeyer Story (1995); from these roles, she was nominated for 8 Emmys[9] (winning one) and 9 Golden Globes (winning one in 2005 and 2007). She also appeared in the newsroom comedy-drama The Paper (1994), and in (Steven Speilberg's) Hook she made a cameo as Gutless one the Pirates of Captain Hook's Crew who is punhished by being thrown into the Boo Box a chest filled with Scorpions for betting that Hook would not be able to bring Peter Pan back to Neverland, the alien invasion satire Mars Attacks! (1996, as The First Lady), the Disney hit 101 Dalmatians (1996, as the sinister Cruella de Vil) and its sequel 102 Dalmatians (2000), and the blockbuster Air Force One (1997), as the trustworthy vice-president to Harrison Ford's president. In 2001, she starred in a production of Rodgers and Hammerstein's classic musical South Pacific. In 2005, Close joined the FX crime series The Shield, in which she played a no-nonsense precinct captain. She starred in a series of her own for 2007, Damages (also on FX) instead of continuing her character on The Shield. Close won the 2009 Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama series for her role in Damages.[10] In an interview after her win, Close admitted her role of Patty Hewes in the series was the role of her life. Also in 2009, she narrated the environmental film Home. Glenn Close has hosted Saturday Night Live twice-once in 1989 and in 1992.[11][12]
In December 2010, Close began filming Albert Nobbs in Dublin. She had previously won an Obie in 1982 for her role in the play on stage. She had been working on the film for 10 years,a film which she appeared with along side 101 Dalmatians Co Star Mark Williams and aside from starring in it, co-wrote the screenplay and produced the film.[13][14] She stated at a press conference held on December 9, 2010 in Dublin, a couple of days before shooting began, "I believe in this story and its potential to take everyone on a sensuous, funny, heart-breaking, wildly unexpected ride".
In the film, Close played the title role of Albert Nobbs, a woman living her life as a man in 1800s Ireland after being sexually assaulted as a young girl. For the film, Close sat through hours of makeup to transform herself into a man. While the film itself received mixed reviews, Close and Janet McTeer received rave reviews for their performances. Close's performance was noted for being her most subtle and introverted performance yet and a departure from her other roles. Close received Golden Globe, Screen Actors Guild, and multiple critics nominations for her performance in Albert Nobbs. On January 24, 2012, Close received her sixth Academy Award nomination, for Best Actress in a Motion Picture, for her performance. The film also received nominations for Best Supporting Actress for McTeer and Best Makeup.
Some of 2011's stand-out film actors appeared in "a video gallery of cinematic villainy" for New York Times Magazine. Close played Theda Bara, a silent film diva mostly known as the first movie "vamp".[15]
Stage[link]
Close has had an extensive career performing in Broadway musicals. One of her most notable roles on stage was Norma Desmond in the Andrew Lloyd Webber production of Sunset Boulevard, for which Close won a Tony award, playing the role on Broadway in 1994.[5] Close was also a guest star at the Andrew Lloyd Webber fiftieth birthday party celebration in the Royal Albert Hall in 1998. She appeared as Norma Desmond and performed songs from Sunset Boulevard. In addition to Sunset Boulevard, Close also won Tony Awards in 1984 for The Real Thing, and in 1992 for Death and the Maiden.[5]
Close performed at Carnegie Hall, narrating the violin concerto The Runaway Bunny, a concerto for reader, violin and orchestra, composed and conducted by Glen Roven.
Personal life and causes[link]
In February 2006, Close married her longtime boyfriend David E. (Evans) Shaw in Maine.[16][17] Close was previously married to Cabot Wade (1969–1973) and James Marlas (1984–1987). She has a daughter, Annie Starke, from her previous relationship with John Starke that ended in 1991. Close is a dog lover and writes a blog for Fetchdog.com, where she interviews other famous people about their relationships with their dogs.[18] Close announced to the public that she has had her DNA sequenced.[19]
Close has donated money to the election campaigns of many Democratic politicians, including Hillary Rodham Clinton, Howard Dean, John Edwards and Barack Obama.[20]
Close was a founder and is chairperson of BringChange2Mind, a US campaign to eradicate the stigma and discrimination surrounding mental illness, supporting her sister Jessie who has bipolar illness.[21]
Stage productions[link]
Broadway and Off-Broadway musicals[link]
- Rex (Broadway, 1976), Richard Rodgers-Sheldon Harnick musical about Henry VIII
- Barnum (Charity Barnum, Broadway, 1980), Cy Coleman musical about Phineas T. Barnum
- Sunset Boulevard (Norma Desmond, Broadway, November 1994), Andrew Lloyd Webber musical based on the classic 1950 motion picture Sunset Boulevard
- The Play What I Wrote by Hamish McColl, Sean Foley and Eddie Braben (Lyceum Theatre, 2003)
- Busker Alley (Off-Broadway, 2006, one-performance benefit concert), Sherman Brothers musical based on the 1938 movie St. Martin's Lane, directed by Tony Walton
Broadway plays[link]
- Love for Love by William Congreve (New Phoenix Repertory Co. at the Helen Hayes Theatre, November 1974)
- The Rules of the Game by Luigi Pirandello (New Phoenix Repertory Co. at the Helen Hayes Theatre, December 1974)
- The Member of the Wedding by Carson McCullers (New Phoenix Repertory Co. at the Helen Hayes Theatre, December 1974)
- The Crucifer of Blood by Paul Giovanni (Helen Hayes Theatre, September 1978)
- The Real Thing by Tom Stoppard (Plymouth Theatre, December 1983)
- Benefactors by Michael Frayn (Brooks Atkinson Theatre, December 1985)
- Death and the Maiden by Ariel Dorfman (Brooks Atkinson Theatre, February 1992)
Off-Broadway[link]
- The Crazy Locomotive by Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz (Chelsea Theater Center (February 1977)
- Uncommon Women and Others (November 1977)
- Wine Untouched (June 1979)
- The Winter Dancers (October 1979)
- The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs, an adaptation of George Moore's short story directed by French director Simone Benmussa, 1982.
- For No Good Reason / Childhood (October 1985)
Los Angeles[link]
- Sunset Boulevard (musical, December 1993)
London[link]
- A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams (National Theatre Lyttleton, October 2002)
Tony Awards[link]
- 1980: Best Featured Actress in a Musical – Barnum (Nomination)
- 1984: Best Actress in a Play – The Real Thing (Won)
- 1992: Best Actress in a Play – Death and the Maiden (Won)
- 1995: Best Actress in a Musical – Sunset Boulevard (Won)
Drama Desk Awards[link]
- 1992: Outstanding Actress in a Play – Death and the Maiden (Nomination)
- 1995: Outstanding Actress in a Musical – Sunset Boulevard (Won)
Obie Awards[link]
- 1982: Best Actress in a Play – The Singular Life of Albert Nobbs (Won)
Discography[link]
Close received her first Grammy nomination (shared with Jeremy Irons) in 1985 for Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for The Real Thing.[22]
In 1988 PBS and Rabbit Ears Productions produced a multi-award-winning animated adaptation and a subsequent book depicting the Irving story The Emperor and the Nightingale. Illustrations, directing, and adaptation were done by Robert Van Nutt; music by Tim Story; and the narration by Glenn Close. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album for Children, making it Close's second nomination.[23]
In 1989 Close narrated The Legend of Sleepy Hollow. It was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Album for Children, for which Tim Story composed the music, and gave Close her third nomination.[24]
In 1995, Glenn Close and Placido Domingo recorded a Christmas album together titled Repeat the Sounding Joy featuring The London Symphony Orchestra. The album was produced by the Hallmark company.[25]
Filmography and awards[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Divine Garbo | Herself | Greta Garbo documentary |
| 1999 | Lady with the Torch, TheThe Lady with the Torch | Herself-host | The 75th Anniversary of Columbia Pictures |
| 2001 | Welcome to Hollywood | Herself | |
| 2003 | What I Want My Words to Do to You: Voices from Inside a Women's Maximum Security Prison | Herself | |
| 2003 | Closer Walk, AA Closer Walk | Narrator | Robert Bilheimer film. AIDS epidemic. |
| 2007 | Broadway: Beyond the Golden Age | Herself | |
| 2009 | Home | Narrator | Yann Arthus-Bertrand film. |
| 2011 | Pax | Director and executive producer |
Other awards[link]
- 1982: Rosemary Hall Alumnae Award [7]
- 1988: People's Choice Award: Favorite Motion Picture Actress.
- 1989: ShoWest Convention, USA: Female Star of the Year.
- 1990: Hasty Pudding Woman of the Year.
- 1992: Golden Camera/ Germany: Best International Actress.
- 2001: Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards: Crystal Award for outstanding women who, through their endurance and the excellence of their work, have helped to expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.[26]
- 2002: GLAAD Media Awards: For Excellence in Media.
- 2008: Common Wealth Award of Distinguished Service: For outstanding achievements in the dramatic arts.
- 2009: Star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Motion pictures.
- 2011: The Donostia Award for San Sebastián International Film Festival.
- 2011: Hollywood Career Achievement Award 2011 from the Hollywood Film Awards 2011.
- 2012: Palm Springs International Film Festival: Career Achievement Award.
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c Roberts, Gary Boyd (2010). "Notable Kin - Additional Noted American Cousins of The Princess of Wales: A Five-Year Update, Numbers 326-350". New England Historic Genealogical Society - Founded 1845. http://www.americanancestors.org/notable-kin-additional-cousins-of-the-princess-of-wales/. Retrieved 2010-12-07.
- ^ "Conscience and the Congo". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. 2006-11-29. http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/06333/741921-374.stm.
- ^ "Glenn Close Biography – Yahoo! Movies". Movies.yahoo.com. http://movies.yahoo.com/movie/contributor/1800019740/bio. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
- ^ http://www.holcombegenealogy.com/data/p1141.htm
- ^ a b c d e f g h Stated on Inside the Actors Studio, 1995
- ^ In a speech at Princeton University on February 19, 2009
- ^ a b Rosemary Hall Alumnae Award from the Choate Rosemary Hall website
- ^ "Glenn Close: "Are You Who We Think You Are?"". Princeton.edu. 2009-02-19. http://www.princeton.edu/WebMedia/flash/lectures/20090219_publect_close.shtml. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
- ^ Glenn Close Emmy Award Winner
- ^ Joyce Eng (20 September 2009). "Kristin Chenoweth, Jon Cryer Win First Emmys". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Kristin-Chenoweth-Jon-1009931.aspx. Retrieved 2009-09-20.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2]
- ^ Glenn Close's Albert Nobbs Costume Revealed" comingsoon.net (Source:Daily Mail), December 5, 2010
- ^ BWW Staff. "Glenn Close Reprises 'Albert Nobbs' in New Film" broadwayworld.com, December 15, 2010
- ^ Touch of Evil: Glenn Close
- ^ Stritof, Sheri and Bob. "Glenn Close and David Shaw", Marriage.about.com, accessed December 31, 2011
- ^ "Glenn Close Marries on Maine Retreat", People Magazine, February 6, 2006
- ^ fetchdog.com
- ^ "BioTechniques – First named female genome sequenced". http://www.biotechniques.com/news/First-named-female-genome-sequenced/biotechniques-204525.html?utm_source=BioTechniques+Newsletters+%26+e-Alerts&utm_campaign=d473e565ff-BTN+Weekly&utm_medium=email.
- ^ "Opensecrets.org". Opensecrets.org. http://www.opensecrets.org/indivs/search.asp?key=a4rpw&txtName=Close,%20Glenn&txtState=(all%20states)&txtAll=Y&Order=N. Retrieved 2010-08-22.
- ^ http://www.bringchange2mind.org/
- ^ 1985 Grammy Awards
- ^ "The Emperor and the Nightingale"
- ^ "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"
- ^ Hallmark Presents: Glenn Close & Placido Domingo - Repeat The Sounding Joy (1995)
- ^ "Amy Pascal timeline". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117971486?refcatid=14&printerfriendly=true.
References[link]
- Napoleon, Davi. Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater Includes discussion of Des McAnuff's production of The Crazy Locomotive at the Chelsea Theater. Iowa State University Press.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Glenn Close |
- Glenn Close at the Internet Broadway Database
- Glenn Close at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Glenn Close at the Internet Movie Database
- Glenn Close at Emmys.com
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Close, Glenn |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1947-03-19 |
| Place of birth | Greenwich, Connecticut, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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This article is about Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's fictional detective. For other uses, see Sherlock Holmes (disambiguation).
| Sherlock Holmes | |
|---|---|
| Sherlock Holmes character | |
 Sherlock Holmes in a 1904 illustration by Sidney Paget |
|
| First appearance | A Study in Scarlet |
| Created by | Arthur Conan Doyle |
| Information | |
| Gender | Male |
| Occupation | Consulting detective |
| Family | Mycroft Holmes (brother) |
| Nationality | British |
Sherlock Holmes (
/ˈʃɜrlɒk ˈhoʊmz/)[1] is a fictional detective created by Scottish author and physician Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. The fantastic London-based "consulting detective", Holmes is famous for his astute logical reasoning, his ability to adopt almost any disguise, and his use of forensic science skills to solve difficult cases.
Holmes, who first appeared in publication in 1887, was featured in four novels and 56 short stories. The first novel, A Study in Scarlet, appeared in Beeton's Christmas Annual in 1887 and the second, The Sign of the Four, in Lippincott's Monthly Magazine in 1890. The character grew tremendously in popularity with the first series of short stories in Strand Magazine, beginning with A Scandal in Bohemia in 1891; further series of short stories and two novels published in serial form appeared between then and 1927. The stories cover a period from around 1880 up to 1914.
All but four stories are narrated by Holmes's friend and biographer, Dr. John H. Watson; two are narrated by Holmes himself ("The Blanched Soldier" and "The Lion's Mane") and two others are written in the third person ("The Mazarin Stone" and "His Last Bow"). In two stories ("The Musgrave Ritual" and "The Gloria Scott"), Holmes tells Watson the main story from his memories, while Watson becomes the narrator of the frame story. The first and fourth novels, A Study in Scarlet and The Valley of Fear, each include a long interval of omniscient narration recounting events unknown to either Holmes or Watson.
Contents |
Inspiration for the character of Holmes[link]
Doyle said that the character of Sherlock Holmes was inspired by Dr. Joseph Bell, for whom Doyle had worked as a clerk at the Edinburgh Royal Infirmary. Like Holmes, Bell was noted for drawing large conclusions from the smallest observations.[2] Sir Henry Littlejohn, Lecturer on Forensic Medicine and Public Health at the Royal College of Surgeons, is also cited as a source for Holmes. Littlejohn served as Police Surgeon and Medical Officer of Health of Edinburgh, providing for Doyle a link between medical investigation and the detection of crime.[3]
Life[link]
Early life[link]
Explicit details about Sherlock Holmes's life outside of the adventures recorded by Dr. Watson are few and far between in Conan Doyle's original stories; nevertheless, incidental details about his early life and extended families portray a loose biographical picture of the detective.
An estimate of Holmes's age in the story "His Last Bow" places his birth in 1854; the story is set in August 1914 and he is described as being 60 years of age. Commonly, the date is cited as 6 January.[4] However, an argument for a later birthdate is posited by author Laurie R. King, based on two of Conan Doyle's stories: A Study in Scarlet and "The Gloria Scott" Adventure. Certain details in "The Gloria Scott" Adventure indicate Holmes finished his second and final year at university in either 1880 or 1885. Watson's own account of his wounding in the Second Afghan War and subsequent return to England in A Study in Scarlet place his moving in with Holmes in either early 1881 or 1882. Together, these suggest Holmes left university in 1880; if he began university at the age of 17, his birth year would likely be 1861.[5]
Holmes states that he first developed his methods of deduction while an undergraduate. The author Dorothy L. Sayers suggested that, given details in two of the Adventures, Holmes must have been at Cambridge rather than Oxford and that "of all the Cambridge colleges, Sidney Sussex (College) perhaps offered the greatest number of advantages to a man in Holmes's position and, in default of more exact information, we may tentatively place him there".[6]
His earliest cases, which he pursued as an amateur, came from fellow university students.[7] According to Holmes, it was an encounter with the father of one of his classmates that led him to take up detection as a profession,[8] and he spent the six years following university working as a consulting detective, before financial difficulties led him to take Watson as a roommate, at which point the narrative of the stories begins.
From 1881, Holmes was described as having lodgings at 221B, Baker Street, London, from where he runs his consulting detective service. 221B is an apartment up 17 steps, stated in an early manuscript to be at the "upper end" of the road. Until the arrival of Dr. Watson, Holmes worked alone, only occasionally employing agents from the city's underclass, including a host of informants and a group of street children he calls "the Baker Street Irregulars". The Irregulars appear in three stories: "A Study in Scarlet," "The Sign of the Four," and "The Adventure of the Crooked Man".
Little is said of Holmes's family. His parents were unmentioned in the stories and he merely states that his ancestors were "country squires". In "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter", Holmes claims that his great-uncle was Vernet, the French artist. His brother, Mycroft, seven years his senior, is a government official who appears in three stories[9] and is mentioned in one other story.[10] Mycroft has a unique civil service position as a kind of memory-man or walking database for all aspects of government policy. Mycroft is described as even more gifted than Sherlock in matters of observation and deduction, but he lacks Sherlock's drive and energy, preferring to spend his time at ease in the Diogenes Club, described as "a club for the most un-clubbable men in London".
Life with Dr. Watson[link]
Holmes shares the majority of his professional years with his good friend and chronicler Dr. John H. Watson, who lives with Holmes for some time before his marriage in 1887, and again after his wife's death. Their residence is maintained by the landlady, Mrs. Hudson.
Watson has two roles in Holmes's life. First, he gives practical assistance in the conduct of his cases; he is the detective's right-hand man, acting variously as look-out, decoy, accomplice and messenger. Second, he is Holmes's chronicler (his "Boswell" as Holmes refers to him). Most of the Holmes stories are frame narratives, written from Watson's point of view as summaries of the detective's most interesting cases. Holmes is often described as criticising Watson's writings as sensational and populist, suggesting that they neglect to accurately and objectively report the pure calculating "science" of his craft.
Detection is, or ought to be, an exact science and should be treated in the same cold and unemotional manner. You have attempted to tinge it ["A Study in Scarlet"] with romanticism, which produces much the same effect as if you worked a love-story ... Some facts should be suppressed, or, at least, a just sense of proportion should be observed in treating them. The only point in the case which deserved mention was the curious analytical reasoning from effects to causes, by which I succeeded in unravelling it.[11]—Sherlock Holmes on John Watson's "pamphlet", The Sign of Four.
Nevertheless, Holmes's friendship with Watson is his most significant relationship. In several stories, Holmes's fondness for Watson—often hidden beneath his cold, intellectual exterior—is revealed. For instance, in "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", Watson is wounded in a confrontation with a villain; although the bullet wound proves to be "quite superficial", Watson is moved by Holmes's reaction:
It was worth a wound; it was worth many wounds; to know the depth of loyalty and love which lay behind that cold mask. The clear, hard eyes were dimmed for a moment, and the firm lips were shaking. For the one and only time I caught a glimpse of a great heart as well as of a great brain. All my years of humble but single-minded service culminated in that moment of revelation.
In all, Holmes is described as being in active practice for 23 years, with Watson documenting his cases for 17 of them.[12]
Retirement[link]
In "His Last Bow", Holmes has retired to a small farm on the Sussex Downs in 1903–1904, as chronicled by Watson in his preface to the series of stories entitled "His Last Bow." It is here that he has taken up the hobby of beekeeping as his primary occupation, eventually producing a "Practical Handbook of Bee Culture, with some Observations upon the Segregation of the Queen". The story features Holmes and Watson coming out of retirement one last time to aid the war effort. Only one adventure, "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane", which is narrated by Holmes as he pursues the case as a civilian, takes place during the detective's retirement. The details of his death are not known.
Habits and personality[link]
Watson describes Holmes as "bohemian" in habits and lifestyle. According to Watson, Holmes is an eccentric, with no regard for contemporary standards of tidiness or good order. In The Musgrave Ritual, Watson describes Holmes thus:
Although in his methods of thought he was the neatest and most methodical of mankind ... [he] keeps his cigars in the coal-scuttle, his tobacco in the toe end of a Persian slipper, and his unanswered correspondence transfixed by a jack-knife into the very centre of his wooden mantelpiece ... He had a horror of destroying documents.... Thus month after month his papers accumulated, until every corner of the room was stacked with bundles of manuscript which were on no account to be burned, and which could not be put away save by their owner.[7]
What appears to others as chaos, however, is to Holmes a wealth of useful information. Throughout the stories, Holmes would dive into his apparent mess of random papers and artefacts, only to retrieve precisely the specific document or eclectic item he was looking for.
Watson frequently makes note of Holmes's erratic eating habits. The detective is often described as starving himself at times of intense intellectual activity, such as during "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", wherein, according to Watson:
[Holmes] had no breakfast for himself, for it was one of his peculiarities that in his more intense moments he would permit himself no food, and I have known him to presume upon his iron strength until he has fainted from pure inanition.[13]
His chronicler does not consider Holmes's habitual use of a pipe, or his less frequent use of cigarettes and cigars, a vice. Nor does Watson condemn Holmes's willingness to bend the truth or break the law on behalf of a client (e.g., lying to the police, concealing evidence or breaking into houses) when he feels it morally justifiable.[14] Even so, it is obvious that Watson has stricter limits than Holmes, and occasionally berated Holmes for creating a "poisonous atmosphere" of tobacco smoke.[15] Holmes himself references Watson's moderation in "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot", saying, "I think, Watson, that I shall resume that course of tobacco-poisoning which you have so often and so justly condemned". Watson also did not condone Holmes's plans when they manipulated innocent people, such as when he toyed with a young woman's heart in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton" although it was done with noble intentions to save many other young women from the clutches of the villainous Milverton.
Holmes is portrayed as a patriot acting on behalf of the government in matters of national security in a number of stories.[16] He also carries out counter-intelligence work in His Last Bow, set at the beginning of the First World War. As shooting practice, the detective adorned the wall of his Baker Street lodgings with "VR" (Victoria Regina) in bullet pocks made by his pistol.[7]
Holmes has an ego that at times borders on arrogant, albeit with justification; he draws pleasure from baffling police inspectors with his superior deductions. He does not seek fame, however, and is usually content to allow the police to take public credit for his work. It is often only when Watson publishes his stories that Holmes's role in the case becomes apparent.[17] Because of newspaper articles and Watson's stories, however, Holmes is well known as a detective, and many clients ask for his help instead of or alongside the police.[18]
Holmes is pleased when he is recognised for having superior skills and responds to flattery, as Watson remarks, as a girl does to comments upon her beauty.
Holmes's demeanour is presented as dispassionate and cold. Yet when in the midst of an adventure, Holmes can sparkle with remarkable passion. He has a flair for showmanship and will prepare elaborate traps to capture and expose a culprit, often to impress Watson or one of the Scotland Yard inspectors.[19]
Holmes is a loner and does not strive to make friends, although he values those that he has, and none higher than Watson. He attributes his solitary ways to his particular interests and his mopey disposition. In The Adventure of the Gloria Scott, he tells Watson that during two years at college, he made only one friend, Victor Trevor. Holmes says, "I was never a very sociable fellow, Watson, always rather fond of moping in my rooms and working out my own little methods of thought, so that I never mixed much with the men of my year;... my line of study was quite distinct from that of the other fellows, so that we had no points of contact at all". He is similarly described in A Study in Scarlet as difficult to draw out by young Stamford.
Holmes's emotional state and mental health have been a topic of analysis for decades. At their first meeting in A Study in Scarlet, the detective warns Watson that he gets "in the dumps at times" and doesn't open his "mouth for days on end". Many readers and literary experts[citation needed] have suggested Holmes showed signs of manic depression, with moments of intense enthusiasm coupled with instances of indolent self absorption. Other modern readers have speculated that Holmes may have Asperger's syndrome based on his intense attention to details, lack of interest in interpersonal relationships and tendency to speak in long monologues.[20] The detective's isolation and near-gynophobic distrust of women is said to suggest the desire to escape; Holmes "biographer" William Baring-Gould and others, including Nicholas Meyer, author of the Seven Percent Solution, have implied a severe family trauma (i.e., the murder of Holmes's mother) may be the root cause.
Personal hygiene[link]
Holmes is described in The Hound of the Baskervilles as having a "cat-like" love of personal cleanliness. This in no way appears to hinder his intensely practical pursuit of his profession, however, and appears in contrast with statements that, in the first Holmes story, A Study in Scarlet, his hands are discoloured with acid stains and Holmes uses drops of his own blood to conduct experiments in chemistry and forensics.
Use of drugs[link]
Holmes occasionally uses addictive drugs, especially when lacking stimulating cases. He believes the use of cocaine stimulates his brain when it is not in use. He is a habitual user of cocaine, which he injects in a seven-per-cent solution using a special syringe that he keeps in a leather case. Holmes is also an occasional user of morphine but expressed strong disapproval on visiting an opium den. These drugs were legal in late 19th-century England. Both Watson and Holmes are serial tobacco users, including cigarettes, cigars, and pipes. Holmes is expert at identifying tobacco-ash residues, having penned a monograph on the subject.
Dr. Watson strongly disapproves of his friend's cocaine habit, describing it as the detective's "only vice" and expressing concern over its possible effect on Holmes's mental health and superior intellect.[21][22] In later stories, Watson claims to have "weaned" Holmes off drugs. Even so, according to his doctor friend, Holmes remains an addict whose habit is "not dead, but merely sleeping".[23]
Financial affairs[link]
Although he initially needed Watson to share the rent of his comfortable residence at 221B Baker Street, Watson reveals in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective", when Holmes was living alone, that "I have no doubt that the house might have been purchased at the price which Holmes paid for his rooms," suggesting he had developed a good income from his practice, although it is seldom revealed exactly how much he charges for his services. In "A Scandal in Bohemia", he is paid the staggering sum of one thousand pounds (300 in gold and 700 in notes) as advance payment for "present expenses". In "The Problem of Thor Bridge" he avers: "My professional charges are upon a fixed scale. I do not vary them, save when I remit them altogether".[24]
This is said in a context where a client is offering to double his fees; however, it is likely that rich clients provided Holmes a remuneration greatly in excess of his standard fee. For example, in "The Adventure of the Final Problem", Holmes states that his services to the government of France and the royal house of Scandinavia had left him with enough money to retire comfortably, while in "The Adventure of Black Peter", Watson notes that Holmes would refuse to help the wealthy and powerful if their cases did not interest him, while he could devote weeks at a time to the cases of the most humble clients. Holmes also tells Watson, in "A Case of Identity", of a golden snuff box received from the King of Bohemia after "A Scandal in Bohemia" and a fabulous ring from the Dutch royal family; in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans", Holmes receives an emerald tie-pin from Queen Victoria. Other mementos of Holmes's cases are a gold sovereign from Irene Adler ("A Scandal in Bohemia") and an autographed letter of thanks from the French President and a Legion of Honour for tracking down an assassin named Huret ("The Adventure of the Golden Pince-Nez"). In "The Adventure of the Priory School", Holmes "rubs his hands with glee" when the Duke of Holdernesse notes the 5,000 pound sterling sum, which surprises even Watson, and then pats the cheque, saying, "I am a poor man", an incident that could be dismissed as representative of Holmes's tendency toward sarcastic humour. Certainly, in the course of his career Holmes had worked for both the most powerful monarchs and governments of Europe (including his own) and various wealthy aristocrats and industrialists and had also been consulted by impoverished pawnbrokers and humble governesses on the lower rungs of society.
Holmes has been known to charge clients for his expenses, and to claim any reward that might be offered for the problem's solution: he says in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band" that Miss Stoner may pay any expenses he may be put to, and requests that the bank in "The Red-Headed League" remunerate him for the money he spent solving the case. Holmes has his wealthy banker client in "The Adventure of the Beryl Coronet" pay him for the costs of recovering the stolen gems and also claims the reward the banker had put for their recovery.
Relationships with women[link]
The only woman to impress Holmes was Irene Adler, a character introduced in "A Scandal in Bohemia" who, according to Watson, was always referred to by Holmes as "the woman". Holmes himself is never directly quoted as using this term and even mentions her name in other cases (although it is worth noting that all of the stories using Adler's name come after "A Scandal in Bohemia", which was the third tale published about Holmes and the first short story so Holmes may have shifted how he referred to Adler over time). Adler is one of the few women who are mentioned in multiple Holmes stories, appearing in person in only one.[citation needed]
In one story, "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton," Holmes is engaged to be married, but only to gain information for his case. Although Holmes appears to show initial interest in some of his female clients (in particular, Violet Hunter in "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches"), Watson says he inevitably "manifested no further interest in the client when once she had ceased to be the centre of one of his problems". Holmes finds their youth, beauty, and energy (and the cases they bring to him) invigorating, distinct from any romantic interest. These episodes show Holmes possesses a degree of charm; yet apart from the case of Adler, there is no indication of a serious or long-term interest. Watson states that Holmes has an "aversion to women" but "a peculiarly ingratiating way with [them]". Holmes states, "I am not a whole-souled admirer of womankind"; in fact, he finds "the motives of women... so inscrutable.... How can you build on such quicksand? Their most trivial actions may mean volumes;... their most extraordinary conduct may depend upon a hairpin".
As Doyle remarked to muse Joseph Bell, "Holmes is as inhuman as a Babbage's calculating machine and just about as likely to fall in love". The only joy Holmes derives from the company of women is the problems they bring to him to solve. In The Sign of the Four, Watson quotes Holmes as being "an automaton, a calculating machine", and Holmes is quoted as saying, "It is of the first importance not to allow your judgement to be biased by personal qualities. A client is to me a mere unit—a factor in a problem. The emotional qualities are antagonistic to clear reasoning. I assure you that the most winning woman I ever knew was hanged for poisoning three little children for their insurance-money". This points to Holmes's lack of interest in relationships with women in general, and clients in particular, leading Watson to remark that "there is something positively inhuman in you at times". At the end of "The Adventure of the Devil's Foot", Holmes states: "I have never loved, Watson, but if I did and if the woman I loved had met such an end, I might act as our lawless lion-hunter had done." In the story, the explorer Dr Sterndale had killed the man who murdered his beloved, Brenda Tregennis, to exact a revenge which the law could not provide. Watson writes in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective" that Mrs. Hudson is fond of Holmes in her own way, despite his bothersome eccentricities as a lodger, owing to his "remarkable gentleness and courtesy in his dealings with women". Again in The Sign of the Four, Watson quotes Holmes as saying, "I would not tell them too much. Women are never to be entirely trusted—not the best of them." Watson notes that while he dislikes and distrusts them, he is nonetheless a "chivalrous opponent".
Methods of detection[link]
Holmesian deduction[link]
Holmes's primary intellectual detection method is abductive reasoning,[25][26]. "From a drop of water", he writes, "a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other".[27] Holmes stories often begin with a bravura display of his talent for "deduction". It is of some interest to logicians and those interested in logic to try to analyse just what Holmes is doing when he performs his "deductions." "Holmesian deduction" appears to consist primarily of drawing inferences based on either straightforward practical principles—which are the result of careful observation, such as Holmes's study of different kinds of cigar ashes—or inference to the best explanation.[25][28][29] One quote often heard from Holmes is "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth".
Sherlock Holmes's straightforward practical principles are generally of the form, "If 'p', then 'q'," where 'p' is observed evidence and 'q' is what the evidence indicates. But there are also, as may be observed in the following example, intermediate principles. In "A Scandal in Bohemia" Holmes deduces that Watson had got very wet lately and that he had "a most clumsy and careless servant girl". When Watson, in amazement, asks how Holmes knows this, Holmes answers:
It is simplicity itself ... My eyes tell me that on the inside of your left shoe, just where the firelight strikes it, the leather is scored by six almost parallel cuts. Obviously they have been caused by someone who has very carelessly scraped round the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud from it. Hence, you see, my double deduction that you had been out in vile weather, and that you had a particularly malignant boot-slitting specimen of the London slavey.
In this case, Holmes employed several connected principles:
- If leather on the side of a shoe is scored by several parallel cuts, it was caused by someone who scraped around the edges of the sole in order to remove crusted mud.
- If a London doctor's shoes are scraped to remove crusted mud, the person who so scraped them is the doctor's servant girl.
- If someone cuts a shoe while scraping it to remove encrusted mud, that person is clumsy and careless.
- If someone's shoes had encrusted mud on them, then they are likely to have been worn by him in the rain, when it is likely he became very wet.
By applying such principles in an obvious way (using repeated applications of modus ponens), Holmes is able to infer from his observation that "the sides of Watson's shoes are scored by several parallel cuts" that:
"Watson's servant girl is clumsy and careless" and "Watson has been very wet lately and has been out in vile weather".
Deductive reasoning allows Holmes to impressively reveal a stranger's occupation, such as a Retired Sergeant of Marines in A Study in Scarlet; a former ship's carpenter turned pawnbroker in "The Red-Headed League"; and a billiard-marker and a retired artillery NCO in "The Adventure of the Greek Interpreter". Similarly, by studying inanimate objects, Holmes is able to make astonishingly detailed deductions about their owners, including Watson's pocket-watch in "The Sign of the Four" as well as a hat,[30] a pipe,[31] and a walking stick[32] in other stories.
Yet Doyle is careful not to present Holmes as infallible—a central theme in "The Adventure of the Yellow Face".[31] At the end of the tale a sobered Holmes tells Watson, “If it should ever strike you that I am getting a little over-confident in my powers, or giving less pains to a case than it deserves, kindly whisper ‘Norbury’ in my ear, and I shall be infinitely obliged to you”.
Disguise[link]
Holmes displays a strong aptitude for acting and disguise. In several stories, he adopts disguises to gather evidence while 'under cover' so convincing that even Watson fails to penetrate them, such as in "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton", "The Man with the Twisted Lip", "The Adventure of the Empty House" and "A Scandal in Bohemia". In other adventures, Holmes feigns being wounded or ill to give effect to his case, or to incriminate those involved, as in "The Adventure of the Dying Detective" and "A Scandal in Bohemia".
Weapons and martial arts[link]
- Pistols
Holmes and Watson carry pistols with them in the case of Watson often his old service revolver—a Mk II Adams Revolver, as was issued to British troops in the 1870s.[33] Watson describes these weapons as being used on seven occasions: in The Sign of the Four, they both fire at the Andaman Islander. In The Hound of the Baskervilles, both Holmes and Watson fire. In "The Adventure of the Copper Beeches", Watson fires at and kills the mastiff. In "The Adventure of the Empty House", Watson pistol-whips Colonel Sebastian Moran. In "The Adventure of the Three Garridebs", Holmes pistol-whips Killer Evans after Watson is shot. In "The Musgrave Ritual", it is revealed that Holmes decorated the wall of their flat with a patriotic "V.R." done in bullet marks. In "The Problem of Thor Bridge", Holmes uses Watson's revolver in a reconstruction of the crime. The following revolvers have been connected with Holmes and Watson:
- A Webley Bulldog (carried by Holmes)[33]
- A Webley RIC[33]
- Cane
Holmes, as a gentleman, often carries a stick or cane. He is described by Watson as an expert at singlestick and twice uses his cane as a weapon.[34]
- Sword
In "A Study in Scarlet" Watson describes Holmes as an expert with a sword—although none of the stories have Holmes using a sword.[35] It is mentioned in "Gloria Scott" that Holmes practised fencing.
- Riding crop
In several stories, Holmes appears equipped with a riding crop and in "A Case of Identity" comes close to thrashing a swindler with it. Using a "hunting crop", Holmes knocks a pistol from John Clay's hand in "The Red-Headed League". In "The Six Napoleons" it is described as his favourite weapon—he uses it to break open one of the plaster busts.
- Fist-fighting
Holmes is described as a formidable bare-knuckle fighter. In The Sign of the Four, Holmes introduces himself to a prize-fighter as:
"The amateur who fought three rounds with you at Alison's rooms on the night of your benefit four years back". McMurdo responds by saying, "Ah, you're one that has wasted your gifts, you have! You might have aimed high, if you had joined the fancy".
Holmes engages in hand-to-hand combat with his adversaries on occasions throughout the stories, inevitably emerging the victor.[36] It is mentioned also in "Gloria Scott" that Holmes trained as a boxer, and in "The Yellow Face" Watson comments that "he was undoubtedly one of the finest boxers of his weight that I have ever seen."
- Martial arts
In "The Adventure of the Empty House", Holmes recounts to Watson how he used martial arts to overcome Professor Moriarty and fling his adversary to his death down the Reichenbach Falls. He states, "I have some knowledge, however, of baritsu, or the Japanese system of wrestling, which has more than once been very useful to me". The name "baritsu" appears to be a reference to the real-life martial art of Bartitsu, which combined jujitsu with Holmes's canonical skills of boxing and cane fencing.
- Physical Condition
In several stories, Holmes is described or demonstrated as having above average physical strength. As an example, in "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", Dr. Roylott, 6 feet tall and wide as a doorframe, demonstrates his strength by bending a fire poker in half. After the Doctor leaves, Holmes "said laughing. 'I am not quite so bulky, but if he had remained I might have shown him that my grip was not much more feeble than his own.' As he spoke he picked up the steel poker and, with a sudden effort, straightened it out again." In "The Yellow Face" Watson comments of Holmes, that "Few men were capable of greater muscular effort."
Knowledge and skills[link]
In the first story, A Study in Scarlet, something of Holmes's background is given. In early 1881, he is presented as an independent student of chemistry with a variety of very curious side interests, almost all of which turn out to be single-mindedly bent towards making him superior at solving crimes. (When he appears for the first time, he is crowing with delight at having invented a new method for detecting bloodstains; in other stories he indulges in recreational home-chemistry experiments, sometimes filling the rooms with foul-smelling vapours.) An early story, "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott", presents more background on what influenced Holmes to become a detective: a college friend's father richly complimented his deductive skills. Holmes maintains strict adherence to scientific methods and focuses on logic and the powers of observation and deduction.
Holmes also makes use of phrenology, which was widely popular in Victorian times but now regarded as pseudo-scientific: In "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle", he infers from the large size of a man's hat that the owner is intelligent and intellectually inclined, on the grounds that “a man with so large a brain must have something in it”.
In A Study in Scarlet, Holmes claims he does not know that the Earth revolves around the Sun, as such information is irrelevant to his work. Directly after having heard that fact from Watson, he says he will immediately try to forget it. He says he believes that the mind has a finite capacity for information storage, and so learning useless things would merely reduce his ability to learn useful things. Dr. Watson subsequently assesses Holmes's abilities thus:
Knowledge of Literature – nil.
Knowledge of Philosophy – nil.
Knowledge of Astronomy – nil.
Knowledge of Politics – Feeble.
Knowledge of Botany – Variable. Well up in belladonna, opium and poisons generally. Knows nothing of practical gardening.
Knowledge of Geology – Practical, but limited. Tells at a glance different soils from each other. After walks, has shown me splashes upon his trousers, and told me by their colour and consistence in what part of London he had received them.
Knowledge of Chemistry – Profound.
Knowledge of Anatomy – Accurate, but unsystematic.
Knowledge of Sensational Literature – Immense. He appears to know every detail of every horror perpetrated in the century.
Plays the violin well.
Is an expert singlestick player, boxer and swordsman.
Has a good practical knowledge of British law.
loves chess
At the very end of A Study in Scarlet itself, it is shown that Holmes knows Latin and needs no translation of Roman epigrams in the original—though knowledge of the language would be of dubious direct utility for detective work, all university students were required to learn Latin at that time.
Later stories also contradict the list. Despite Holmes's supposed ignorance of politics, in "A Scandal in Bohemia" he immediately recognises the true identity of the supposed "Count von Kramm". Regarding nonsensational literature, his speech is replete with references to the Bible, Shakespeare, even Goethe. He is able to quote from a letter of Flaubert to George Sand and in the original French. Indeed, in The Hound of the Baskervilles, Holmes is able to recognise works by Martin Knoller and Joshua Reynolds as such, saying, "Excuse the admiration of a connoisseur....Watson won't allow that I know anything of art, but that is mere jealousy, since our views upon the subject differ." He goes on to explain, "I know what is good when I see it."
Moreover, in "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans" Watson reports that in November 1895 "Holmes lost himself in a monograph which he had undertaken upon the Polyphonic Motets of Lassus"—a most esoteric field, for which Holmes would have had to "clutter his memory" with an enormous amount of information which had absolutely nothing to do with crime-fighting—knowledge so extensive that his monograph was regarded as "the last word" on the subject.[37] The later stories abandon the notion that Holmes did not want to know anything unless it had immediate relevance for his profession; in the second chapter of The Valley of Fear, Holmes instead declares that "all knowledge comes useful to the detective", and near the end of "The Adventure of the Lion's Mane" he describes himself as "an omnivorous reader with a strangely retentive memory for trifles".
Holmes is also a competent cryptanalyst. He relates to Watson, "I am fairly familiar with all forms of secret writing, and am myself the author of a trifling monograph upon the subject, in which I analyse one hundred and sixty separate ciphers". One such scheme is solved using frequency analysis in "The Adventure of the Dancing Men".
Holmes's analysis of physical evidence is both scientific and precise. His methods include the use of latent prints such as footprints, hoof prints and bicycle tracks to identify actions at a crime scene (A Study in Scarlet, "The Adventure of Silver Blaze", "The Adventure of the Priory School", The Hound of the Baskervilles, "The Boscombe Valley Mystery"), the use of tobacco ashes and cigarette butts to identify criminals ("The Adventure of the Resident Patient", The Hound of the Baskervilles), the comparison of typewritten letters to expose a fraud ("A Case of Identity"), the use of gunpowder residue to expose two murderers ("The Adventure of the Reigate Squire"), bullet comparison from two crime scenes ("The Adventure of the Empty House"), analysis of small pieces of human remains to expose two murders (The Adventure of the Cardboard Box) and even an early use of fingerprints ("The Norwood Builder"). Holmes also demonstrates knowledge of psychology in "A Scandal in Bohemia", luring Irene Adler into betraying where she had hidden a photograph based on the "premise" that an unmarried woman will seek her most valuable possession in case of fire, whereas a married woman will grab her baby instead.
Despite the excitement of his life (or perhaps seeking to leave it behind), Holmes retired to the Sussex Downs to take up beekeeping ("The Second Stain") and wrote a book on the subject entitled "Practical Handbook of Bee Culture, with Some Observations upon the Segregation of the Queen".[38] His search for relaxation can also be seen in his love for music, notably in "The Red-Headed League", wherein Holmes takes an evening off from a case to listen to Pablo de Sarasate play violin.[citation needed]
He also enjoys vocal music, particularly Wagner ("The Adventure of the Red Circle").
The film Young Sherlock Holmes (1985), which speculates about Holmes's youthful adventures, shows Holmes as a brilliant secondary school student, being mentored simultaneously by an eccentric professor/inventor and his dedicated fencing instructor.
Influence[link]
Forensic science[link]
Sherlock Holmes remains a great inspiration for forensic science, especially for the way his acute study of a crime scene yields small clues as to the precise sequence of events. He makes great use of trace evidence such as shoe and tire impressions, as well as fingerprints, ballistics and handwriting analysis, now known as questioned document examination. Such evidence is used to test theories conceived by the police, for example, or by the investigator himself. All of the techniques advocated by Holmes later became reality, but were generally in their infancy at the time Conan Doyle was writing. In many of his reported cases, Holmes frequently complains of the way the crime scene has been contaminated by others, especially by the police, emphasising the critical importance of maintaining its integrity, a now well-known feature of crime scene examination.
Owing to the small scale of the trace evidence (such as tobacco ash, hair or fingerprints), he often uses a magnifying glass at the scene, and an optical microscope back at his lodgings in Baker Street. He uses analytical chemistry for blood residue analysis as well as toxicology examination and determination for poisons. Holmes seems to have maintained a small chemistry laboratory in his lodgings, presumably using simple wet chemical methods for detection of specific toxins, for example. Ballistics is used when spent bullets can be recovered, and their calibre measured and matched with a suspect murder weapon.
Holmes was also very perceptive of the dress and attitude of his clients and suspects, noting style and state of wear of their clothes, any contamination (such as clay on boots), their state of mind and physical condition in order to infer their origin and recent history. Skin marks such as tattoos could reveal much about their history. He applied the same method to personal items such as walking sticks (famously in The Hound of the Baskervilles) or hats (in the case of The Blue Carbuncle), with small details such as medallions, wear and contamination yielding vital indicators of their absent owners.
An omission from the stories is the use of forensic photography. Even before Holmes's time, high quality photography was used to record accident scenes, as in the Tay Bridge disaster of 1879 and the Jack the Ripper murders in 1888.
In 2002, the Royal Society of Chemistry bestowed an honorary fellowship of their organisation upon Sherlock Holmes,[39] for his use of forensic science and analytical chemistry in popular literature, making him the only (as of 2010) fictional character to be thus honoured.
Role in the history of the detective story[link]
Although Sherlock Holmes is not the original fiction detective (he was influenced by Edgar Allan Poe's C. Auguste Dupin and Émile Gaboriau's Monsieur Lecoq, for both of whom the character openly expressed disdain or contempt), his name has become a byword for the part. His stories also include several detective story characters such as the loyal but less intelligent assistant, a role for which Dr Watson has become the archetype. The investigating detective became a popular genre with many authors such as Agatha Christie and Dorothy Sayers after the demise of Holmes, with characters such as Hercule Poirot and Lord Peter Wimsey. Forensic methods became less important than the psychology of the criminal, despite the strong growth in forensics in use by the police in the early 20th century.
Scientific literature[link]
Sherlock Holmes has occasionally been used in the scientific literature. John Radford (1999)[40] speculates on his intelligence. Using Conan Doyle’s stories as data, Radford applies three different methods to estimate Sherlock Holmes’s IQ, and concludes that his intelligence was very high indeed, estimated at approximately 190 points. Snyder (2004)[41] examines Holmes’s methods in the light of the science and the criminology of the mid to late 19th century. Kempster (2006)[42] compares neurologists’ skills with those displayed by Holmes. Finally, Didierjean and Gobet (2008)[43] reviewed the literature on the psychology of expertise by taking as model a fictional expert: Sherlock Holmes. They highlighted aspects of Doyle’s books that are in line with what is currently known about expertise, aspects that are implausible, and aspects that suggest further research.
Legacy[link]
Fan speculation[link]
Main article: Sherlock Holmes speculation
The fifty-six short stories and four novels written by Conan Doyle are termed the "canon" by Sherlock Holmes fans. Early scholars of the canon included Ronald Knox[44] in Britain and Christopher Morley in New York,[45] the latter having founded the Baker Street Irregulars, the first society devoted exclusively to the canon of Holmes, in 1934.[46]
Writers have produced many pop culture references to Sherlock Holmes, Conan Doyle, or characters from the stories in homage, to a greater or lesser degree. Such allusions can form a plot development, raise the intellectual level of the piece, or act as Easter eggs for an observant audience.[47]
Some have been overt, introducing Holmes as a character in a new setting, or a more subtle allusion, such as making a logical character live in an apartment at number 221B. One well-known example of this is the character Gregory House on the show House M.D, whose name and apartment number are both references to Holmes. Often the simplest reference is to dress anybody who does some kind of detective work in a deerstalker and Inverness cape.
However, throughout the entire novel series, Holmes is never explicitly described as wearing a "deerstalker hat". Holmes dons "his ear-flapped travelling cap" in "The Adventure of Silver Blaze". Sidney Paget first drew Holmes wearing the deerstalker cap and Inverness cape in "The Boscombe Valley Mystery" and subsequently in several other stories.[citation needed]
"Elementary, my dear Watson"[link]
A third major reference is the oft-quoted but non-canonical catchphrase: "Elementary, my dear Watson". This phrase is never actually uttered by Holmes in any of the sixty Holmes stories written by Conan Doyle. In the stories, Holmes often remarks that his logical conclusions are "elementary", in that he considers them to be simple and obvious. He also, on occasion, refers to Dr. Watson as "my dear Watson". The two fragments, however, never appear together. One of the closest examples to this phrase appears in "The Adventure of the Crooked Man", when Holmes explains a deduction:
| “ | "Excellent!" I cried.
"Elementary," said he. |
” |
The first known use of this phrase was in the 1915 novel, Psmith Journalist, by P. G. Wodehouse. It also appears at the very end of the 1929 film, The Return of Sherlock Holmes, the first Sherlock Holmes sound film. William Gillette, who played Holmes on stage and radio, had previously used the similar phrase, Oh, this is elementary, my dear fellow. The phrase might owe its household familiarity to its use in Edith Meiser's scripts for The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes radio series, broadcast from 1939 to 1947.
The Great Hiatus[link]
Holmes aficionados refer to the period from 1891 to 1894—the time between Holmes's disappearance and presumed death in "The Adventure of the Final Problem" and his reappearance in "The Adventure of the Empty House"—as "the Great Hiatus".[48] It is notable, though, that one later story ("The Adventure of Wisteria Lodge") is described as taking place in 1892.
Conan Doyle wrote the first set of stories over the course of a decade. Wanting to devote more time to his historical novels, he killed off Holmes in "The Final Problem," which appeared in print in 1893. After resisting public pressure for eight years, the author wrote The Hound of the Baskervilles, which appeared in 1901, implicitly setting it before Holmes's "death" (some theorise that it actually took place after "The Return" but with Watson planting clues to an earlier date).[49][50] The public, while pleased with the story, was not satisfied with a posthumous Holmes, and so Conan Doyle revived Holmes two years later. Many have speculated on his motives for bringing Holmes back to life, notably writer-director Nicholas Meyer, who wrote an essay on the subject in the 1970s entitled "The Great Man Takes a Walk". The actual reasons are not known, other than the obvious: publishers offered to pay generously. For whatever reason, Conan Doyle continued to write Holmes stories for another 24 years.
Some writers have come up with other explanations for the hiatus. In Meyer's novel The Seven-Per-Cent Solution, the hiatus is depicted as a secret sabbatical following Holmes's treatment for cocaine addiction at the hands of Sigmund Freud, and presents Holmes making the light-hearted suggestion that Watson write a fictitious account claiming he had been killed by Moriarty, saying of the public: "They'll never believe you in any case".[citation needed]
In his memoirs, Conan Doyle quotes a reader, who judged the later stories inferior to the earlier ones, to the effect that when Holmes went over the Reichenbach Falls, he may not have been killed, but was never quite the same man. This is contradicted in part by Watson's evaluation in "The Adventure of Black Peter" that "I have never known my friend to be in better form, both mental and physical, than in the year '95," which would have been 4 years after the fall over Reichenbach Falls. The differences in the pre- and post-Hiatus Holmes have in fact created speculation among those who play "The Great Game" (making believe Sherlock Holmes was a historical person). Among the more fanciful theories, the story "The Case of the Detective's Smile" by Mark Bourne, published in the anthology Sherlock Holmes in Orbit, posits that one of the places Holmes visited during his hiatus was Alice's Wonderland. While there, he solved the case of the stolen tarts, and his experiences there contributed to his kicking the cocaine addiction.[citation needed]
Societies[link]
In 1934, the Sherlock Holmes Society, in London, and the Baker Street Irregulars, in New York were founded. Both are still active (though the Sherlock Holmes Society was dissolved in 1937 to be resuscitated only in 1951). The London-based society is one of many worldwide who arrange visits to the scenes of the Sherlock Holmes adventures, such as the Reichenbach Falls in the Swiss Alps.
The two initial societies founded in 1934 were followed by many more Holmesians circles, first of all in America (where they are called "scion societies"—offshoots—of the Baker Street Irregulars), then in England and Denmark. Nowadays, there are Sherlockian societies in many countries, such as India and Japan.[51]
Museums[link]
During the 1951 Festival of Britain, Sherlock Holmes's sitting-room was reconstructed as the masterpiece of a Sherlock Holmes Exhibition, displaying a unique collection of original material. After the 1951 exhibition closed, items were transferred to the Sherlock Holmes Pub, in London, and to the Conan Doyle Collection in Lucens (Switzerland). Both exhibitions, each including its own Baker Street Sitting-Room reconstruction, are still open to the public. In 1990, the Sherlock Holmes Museum opened in Baker Street London and the following year in Meiringen, Switzerland another museum opened; naturally, they include less historical material about Conan Doyle than about Sherlock Holmes himself. The Sherlock Holmes Museum in Baker Street, London was the first Museum in the world to be dedicated to a fictional character. A private collection of Conan Doyle is also housed in the Portsmouth City Museum which has a permanent exhibit, due to his importance in the city where he lived and worked for many years.
Adaptations and derived works[link]
The enduring popularity of Sherlock Holmes has led to hundreds of works based on the character – both adaptations into other media and original stories. The copyright in all of Conan Doyle's works expired in the United Kingdom in 1980 and are public domain there.[52] All works published in the United States prior to 1923 are in the public domain; this includes all Sherlock Holmes stories with the exception of some of the stories contained within The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes. For works published after 1923 but before 1963, if the copyright was registered, its term lasts for 95 years.[53] The Conan Doyle heirs registered the copyright to The Case Book (published in the USA after 1923) in 1981 through the Copyright Act of 1976.[52][54][55]
Stage and screen adaptations[link]
File:Jeremy Brett.jpg
Jeremy Brett at one of his performances as Sherlock Holmes in the Granada Series
Main article: Adaptations of Sherlock Holmes
The Guinness World Records has consistently listed Sherlock Holmes as the "most portrayed movie character"[56] with 75 actors playing the part in over 211 films. Holmes's first screen appearance was in the Mutoscope film Sherlock Holmes Baffled in 1900, albeit in a barely-recognisable form.[57]
William Gillette’s 1899 play Sherlock Holmes, or The Strange Case of Miss Faulkner was a synthesis of several stories by Doyle, mostly based on A Scandal in Bohemia adding love interest, with the Holmes-Moriarty exchange from The Final Problem, as well as elements from The Copper Beeches and A Study in Scarlet. By 1916, Harry Arthur Saintsbury had played Holmes on stage more than a thousand times.[58] This play formed the basis for Gillette's 1916 motion picture, Sherlock Holmes.
From 1921 to 1923, Stoll Pictures produced a series of silent black-and-white films based on Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories. Forty-five short films and two feature length films were produced[59] featuring Eille Norwood in the role of Holmes and Hubert Willis cast as Dr Watson with the exception of the final film, The Sign of Four, where Willis was replaced with Arthur Cullin.
In a 1924 comedy film Sherlock Jr. Buster Keaton's character longs to be a detective.
The first sound film to feature Sherlock Holmes, was the sound-on-disk The Return of Sherlock Holmes, written by Basil Dean, and filmed in New York City in 1929. It starred Clive Brook as Sherlock Holmes. It supposedly marks the first use of the line, "Elementary, my dear Watson". The film exists today only as a silent picture because the sound disks were lost.[citation needed]
Basil Rathbone starred as Sherlock Holmes alongside Nigel Bruce as Dr Watson in fourteen US films (two for 20th Century Fox and a dozen for Universal Pictures) from 1939 to 1946, as well as the radio show "The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" on the Mutual Broadcasting System from 1939 to 1946 before passing the role to Tom Conway. The 1939 20th Century Fox Hound of the Baskervilles contains an unusually direct reference to Holmes' drug use in the last line of the film, "Watson, the needle". The Universal Pictures are distinctive for being set in the then contemporary post-World War II era.
Ronald Howard starred in 39 episodes of the Sherlock Holmes 1954 American TV series with Howard Marion Crawford as Watson. The storylines deviated from the books of Conan Doyle, changing characters and other details.
In 1959 Peter Cushing starred in Hammer Film Productions' The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959), marking Holmes' first screen appearance in colour. He would return to the role several times in both film and television performances.
Fritz Weaver appeared as Sherlock Holmes in the musical Baker Street, which ran on Broadway between 16 February and 14 November 1965. Peter Sallis portrayed Dr. Watson, Inga Swenson appeared as The Woman, Irene Adler, and Martin Gabel played Moriarty. Virginia Vestoff, Tommy Tune, and Christopher Walken were also members of the original cast.[60]
Acclaimed director Billy Wilder had long planned a roadshow motion picture about Holmes, in which he planned to have Peter O'Toole as Holmes and Peter Sellers as Watson. However, when The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes finally reached the screen in 1970, the roles had been given to Robert Stephens and Colin Blakely. The film was heavily edited after its release and parts of it are now lost. Though not a success at the time of release it is considered by some to be one of Wilder's late masterpieces.[citation needed]
In The Return Of Sherlock Holmes, a TV movie aired in 1987, Margaret Colin stars as Dr. Watson's great-granddaughter Jane Watson, a Boston private eye, who stumbles upon Sherlock Holmes's (played by Michael Pennington) body in frozen suspension and restores the Victorian sleuth to life in the 1980s. The film was intended as a pilot for a TV series which never materialised. A similar plot line was used in Sherlock Holmes Returns: 1994 Baker Street where Dr Amy Winslow (played by Debrah Farentino) discovers Sherlock Holmes frozen in the cellar of house in San Francisco owned by a descendant of Mrs Hudson. Holmes (played by Anthony Higgins) froze himself in the hopes that crimes in the future would be less dull. He discovers that consulting detectives have been replaced by the police department's forensic science lab and that the Moriarty family are still the Napoleons of crime.
Jeremy Brett is generally considered the definitive Holmes,[61] having played the role in four series of Sherlock Holmes, created by John Hawkesworth for Britain's Granada Television, from 1984 through to 1994, as well as depicting Holmes on stage. Brett's Dr Watson was played by David Burke (pre-hiatus) and Edward Hardwicke (post-hiatus) in the series. Jeremy Brett wished to be the best Sherlock Holmes the world had ever seen and conducted extensive research into the character and the author that created him. He strove to bring passion and life to the role and in his obituary it was said, "Mr. Brett was regarded as the quintessential Holmes: breathtakingly analytical, given to outrageous disguises and the blackest moods and relentless in his enthusiasm for solving the most intricate crimes."
Nicol Williamson portrayed Holmes in The Seven-Per-Cent Solution with Robert Duvall playing Watson and featuring Alan Arkin as Sigmund Freud. The 1976 adaption was written by Nicholas Meyer from his 1974 book of the same name, and directed by Herbert Ross.
Bob Clarke directed Christopher Plummer and James Mason in the 1979 created film Murder by Decree, which followed Holmes, hunting Jack the Ripper.
Between 1979 and 1986, Soviet television broadcast a series of five made-for-TV films in a total of eleven parts, The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson, starring Vasily Livanov as Holmes and Vitaly Solomin as Watson.
Christopher Lee starred as Holmes in three screen adaptions, namely Sherlock Holmes and the Deadly Necklace (1962), Incident at Victoria Falls (1991) and Sherlock Holmes and the Leading Lady (1992) together with Morgan Fairchild as "The Woman".
In 2002 made-for-television movie Sherlock: Case of Evil, James D'Arcy starred as Holmes in his 20s. The story noticeably departs from the style and backstory of the canon and D'Arcy's portrayal of Holmes is slightly different from prior incarnations of the character, psychologically disturbed, an absinthe addicted, a heavy drinker and a ladies' man.
The Fox television series House contains numerous similarities and references to Holmes. Show creator David Shore has acknowledged this "subtle homage".[62]
In the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes, based on a story by Lionel Wigram and images by John Watkiss,[63] directed by Guy Ritchie, the role of Holmes is performed by Robert Downey, Jr. with Jude Law portraying Watson. It is a reinterpretation which heavily focuses on Holmes's more anti-social personality traits as an unkempt eccentric with a brilliant analytical mind and formidable martial abilities, making this a very cynical incarnation of Holmes. Robert Downey Jr. won the Golden Globe Award for his portrayal.[64] Downey Jr. returned in the 2011 sequel, Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows.
Independent film company The Asylum released the direct-to-DVD film Sherlock Holmes in January 2010. In the film, Holmes and Watson battle a criminal mastermind dubbed "Spring-Heeled Jack", who controls several mechanical creatures to commit crimes across London. Holmes (Ben Syder) is portrayed as considerably younger than most actors who have played him, and his disapproval of Scotland Yard is undertoned, though things like his drug addiction remain mostly unchanged. The film features a brother of Holmes's called Thorpe, who was invented by the producers of the film out of creative liberty. His companion Watson is played by Torchwood actor Gareth David-Lloyd.
Benedict Cumberbatch plays a modern-day version of the detective, with Martin Freeman as Watson, in the BBC One TV series Sherlock, which premiered on 25 July 2010. The series changes the books' original Victorian setting to the shady and violent present-day London. The show was created by Mark Gatiss and Steven Moffat, best known as writers for the BBC television series Doctor Who. Says Moffat, "Conan Doyle's stories were never about frock coats and gas light; they're about brilliant detection, dreadful villains and blood-curdling crimes – and frankly, to hell with the crinoline. Other detectives have cases, Sherlock Holmes has adventures, and that's what matters."
Cumberbatch's Holmes was described by the BBC as:
Brilliant, aloof and almost entirely lacking in social graces. Sherlock is a unique young man with a mind like a 'racing engine'. Without problems to solve, it will tear itself to pieces. And the more bizarre and baffling the problems the better. He has set himself up as the world's only consulting detective, whom the police grudgingly accept as their superior.[65]
He also uses modern technology, such as texting and blogging, to solve crimes,[66] and in a nod towards changing smoking legislature, he has replaced his pipe with multiple nicotine patches, as London has forbidden smoking in most public areas, yet this interpretation of Holmes still finds nicotine to help the cognitive process.[67]
Related and derivative works[link]
Main article: Non-canonical Sherlock Holmes works
In addition to the Sherlock Holmes corpus, Conan Doyle's "The Lost Special" (1898) features an unnamed "amateur reasoner" clearly intended to be identified as Holmes by his readers. His explanation for a baffling disappearance, argued in Holmes's characteristic style, turns out to be quite wrong—evidently Conan Doyle was not above poking fun at his own hero. A short story by Conan Doyle using the same idea is "The Man with the Watches". Another example of Conan Doyle's humour is "How Watson Learned the Trick" (1924), a parody of the frequent Watson-Holmes breakfast table scenes. A further (and earlier) parody by Conan Doyle is "The Field Bazaar". He also wrote other material, especially plays, featuring Holmes. Many of these are collected in Sherlock Holmes: The Published Apocrypha edited by Jack Tracy, The Final Adventures of Sherlock Holmes edited by Peter Haining and The Uncollected Sherlock Holmes compiled by Richard Lancelyn Green.
In 1907, Sherlock Holmes began featuring in a series of German booklets. Among the writers was Theo van Blankensee. Watson had been replaced by a 19 year old assistant from the street, among his Baker Street Irregulars, with the name Harry Taxon, and Mrs. Hudson had been replaced by one Mrs. Bonnet. From number 10 the series changed its name to "Aus den Geheimakten des Welt-Detektivs". The French edition changed its name from "Les Dossiers Secrets de Sherlock Holmes" to "Les Dossiers du Roi des Detectives".[68]
Sherlock Holmes's abilities as both a good fighter and an excellent logician have been a boon to other authors who have lifted his name, or details of his exploits, for their plots. These range from Holmes as a cocaine addict, whose drug-fuelled fantasies lead him to cast an innocent Professor Moriarty as a super villain (The Seven-Per-Cent Solution), to science-fiction plots involving him being re-animated after death to fight crime in the future (Sherlock Holmes in the 22nd Century).
Some authors have supplied stories to fit the tantalising references in the canon to unpublished cases (e.g. "The giant rat of Sumatra, a story for which the world is not yet prepared" in "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire"), notably The Exploits of Sherlock Holmes by Conan Doyle's son Adrian Conan Doyle with John Dickson Carr, and The Lost Adventures of Sherlock Holmes by Ken Greenwald, based rather closely on episodes of the 1945 Sherlock Holmes radio show that starred Basil Rathbone and Nigel Bruce and for which scripts were written by Dennis Green and Anthony Boucher. Others have used different characters from the stories as their own detective, e.g. Mycroft Holmes in Enter the Lion by Michael P. Hodel and Sean M. Wright (1979) or Dr James Mortimer (from The Hound of the Baskervilles) in books by Gerard Williams.
Laurie R. King recreates Sherlock Holmes in her Mary Russell series (starting with The Beekeeper's Apprentice), set during the First World War and the 1920s. Her Holmes is (semi)retired in Sussex, where he is literally stumbled over by a teenage American girl. Recognising a kindred spirit, he gradually trains her as his apprentice and subsequently marries her. As of 2009[update] the series includes nine novels and a novella tie-in with a book from King's present-time Kate Martinelli series, The Art of Detection.
Carole Nelson Douglas' series, the Irene Adler Adventures, is based on the character from Doyle's "A Scandal in Bohemia". The first book, Good Night, Mr. Holmes, retells that tale from Irene's point of view. The series is narrated by Adler's companion, Penelope Huxleigh, in a role similar to that of Dr. Watson.
The film They Might Be Giants is a 1971 romantic comedy based on the 1961 play of the same name (both written by James Goldman) in which the character Justin Playfair, played by George C. Scott, is convinced he is Sherlock Holmes, and manages to convince many others of same, including the psychiatrist Dr. Watson, played by Joanne Woodward, who is assigned to evaluate him so he can be committed to a mental institution.
The film Young Sherlock Holmes (1985) explores adventures of Holmes and Watson as boarding school pupils.[69]
The Japanese anime series "Detective Conan", also called "Case Closed" in English, is an homage to Doyle's work.
The 2002 film The Case of the Whitechapel Vampire is loosely based on Doyle's story "The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire".
In the 1980s Ben Kingsley played Dr. Watson in Without a Clue. In this film, the comic premise is that Dr. Watson is actually a brilliant detective, and that he has hired an actor, Sherlock Holmes (Michael Caine), to take credit for the cases that Watson has been writing about, to draw attention away from himself. The powerful criminal Dr. Moriarty is said to know that Sherlock Holmes has no abilities as a detective whatsoever.
The novel A Dog About Town by J. F. Englert makes reference to Sherlock Holmes, comparing the black Labrador retriever narrator, Randolph, to Doyle's detective as well as naming a fictitious spirit guide after him.[70]
The Final Solution is a 2004 novel by Michael Chabon. The story, set in 1944, revolves around an 89-year-old long-retired detective who may or may not be Sherlock Holmes but is always called just "the old man", now interested mostly in beekeeping, and his quest to find a missing parrot, the only friend of a mute Jewish boy. The title references both Doyle's story "The Final Problem" and the Final Solution, the Nazis' plan for the genocide of the Jewish people.
In 2006, a southern California "vaudeville-nouveau" group known as Sound & Fury began performing a theatre in the round parody show entitled "Sherlock Holmes & The Saline Solution" which depicts Holmes as a bumbling figure guided by a slightly less clueless Watson. The show ran in Los Angeles as well as the Edinburgh and Adelaide Fringe Festivals through 2009.
In a novella "The Prisoner of the Tower, or A Short But Beautiful Journey of Three Wise Men" by Boris Akunin published in 2008 in Russia as the conclusion of the book "Jade Rosary Beads", Sherlock Holmes and Erast Fandorin oppose Arsène Lupin on 31 December 1899.
In June 2010 it was announced that Franklin Watts books, a part of Hachette Children's Books are to release a series of four children's graphic novels by writer Tony Lee and artist Dan Boultwood in spring 2011 based around the Baker Street Irregulars during the three years that Sherlock Holmes was believed dead, between The Adventure of the Final Problem and The Adventure of the Empty House. Although not specifying whether Sherlock Holmes actually appears in the books, the early reports include appearances by Doctor Watson, Inspector Lestrade and Irene Adler.
In 2011, Anthony Horowitz, author of the Alex Rider novels, The Power of Five and TV's Foyle's War, had published a new "authorised" Sherlock Holmes novel: The House of Silk, commissioned by the Conan Doyle estate. The novel is presented as a continuation of Conan Doyle's work and is narrated by Dr. Watson. [71]
The original stories[link]
Main article: Canon of Sherlock Holmes
The original Sherlock Holmes stories consist of fifty-six short stories and four novels written by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle.
Novels[link]
- A Study in Scarlet (published 1887, in Beeton's Christmas Annual)
- The Sign of the Four (published 1890, Lippincott's Monthly Magazine)
- The Hound of the Baskervilles (serialised 1901–1902 in The Strand)
- The Valley of Fear (serialised 1914–1915 in The Strand)
Short stories[link]
For more detail see List of Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes short stories.
The short stories, originally published in periodicals, were later gathered into five anthologies:
- The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (contains stories published 1891–1892 in The Strand)
- The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (contains stories published 1892–1893 in The Strand as further episodes of the Adventures)
- The Return of Sherlock Holmes (contains stories published 1903–1904 in The Strand)
- The Reminiscences of Sherlock Holmes (including His Last Bow) (contains stories published 1908–1913 and 1917)
- The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (contains stories published 1921–1927)
See also[link]
- Deductive reasoning
- Inductive reasoning
- Inference
- HOLMES2 (police computer system)
- List of actors who have played Sherlock Holmes
- List of Holmesian studies
References[link]
- ^ "Holmesian". The Oxford English Dictionary. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 1989.
- ^ Lycett, Andrew (2007). The Man Who Created Sherlock Holmes: The Life and Times of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Free Press. pp. 53–54, 190. ISBN 978-0-7432-7523-1.
- ^ Doyle, A. Conan (1961). The Boys' Sherlock Holmes, New & Enlarged Edition. Harper & Row. p. 88.
- ^ Klinger, Leslie (2005). The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: W.W. Norton. p. xlii. ISBN 0-393-05916-2.
- ^ "LRK on: Sherlock Holmes : Laurie R. King: Mystery Writer". Laurie R. King. http://www.laurierking.com/?page_id=769#chronology. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ Dorothy L. Sayers, "Holmes’ College Career," for the Baker Street Studies, edited by H.W. Bell, 1934. Sayers's analysis was somewhat tongue-in-cheek. In the foreword to Unpopular Opinions, in which her essay appeared, Sayers says that the "game of applying the methods of the Higher Criticism to the Sherlock Holmes canon... has become a hobby among a select set of jesters here and in America."
- ^ a b c Doyle, Arthur Conan (1893). The Original illustrated 'Strand' Sherlock Holmes (1989 ed.). Ware, England: Wordsworth. pp. 354–355. ISBN 978-1-85326-896-0.
- ^ "The Adventure of the Gloria Scott"
- ^ "The Greek Interpreter", "The Final Problem" and "The Bruce-Partington Plans";
- ^ "The Empty House".
- ^ The Sign of the Four; Chapter 1 The Science of Deduction; p. 90; Copyright Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle; Edition published in 1992 – Barnes & Noble, Inc.".
- ^ "The Adventure of the Veiled Lodger".
- ^ Conan Doyle, Arthur (1903). "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder", Strand Magazine.
- ^ "The Adventure of Charles Augustus Milverton"; "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client"
- ^ "The Hound of the Baskervilles"
- ^ "The Adventure of the Bruce-Partington Plans"; "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty".
- ^ In The Adventure of the Naval Treaty, Holmes remarks that, of his last fifty-three cases, the police have had all the credit in forty-nine.
- ^ "The Adventure of the Reigate Squire" and "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client" are two examples
- ^ See, for example, Inspector Lestrade at the end of "The Adventure of the Norwood Builder".
- ^ Lisa Sanders M.D. (4 December 2009). "Hidden Clues". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/06/magazine/06diagnosis-t.html?_r=2&scp=2&sq=sherlock%20holmes&st=cse. Retrieved 7 March 2011.
- ^ Dalby, J.T. (1991). "Sherlock Holmes's Cocaine Habit". Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 8: 73–74. http://bakerstreetdozen.com/coca.html.
- ^ "The Sign of Four"
- ^ "The Adventure of the Missing Three-Quarter."
- ^ "The Problem of Thor Bridge"
- ^ a b Alexander Bird (27 June 2006). "Abductive Knowledge and Holmesian Inference". In Tamar Szabo Gendler and John Hawthorne. Oxford studies in epistemology. p. 11. ISBN 978-0-19-928590-7. http://books.google.com/?id=yMDWLq2FdrIC.
- ^ Sebeok & Umiker-Sebeok 1984, pp. 19–28, esp. p. 22
- ^ A Study In Scarlet.
- ^ Matthew Bunson (19 October 1994). Encyclopedia Sherlockiana. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-671-79826-0. http://books.google.com/?id=aSgfAQAAIAAJ.
- ^ Jonathan Smith (1994). Fact and feeling: Baconian science and the nineteenth-Century literary imagination. p. 214. ISBN 978-0-299-14354-1. http://books.google.com/?id=hFn1Zx_desIC.
- ^ "The Adventure of the Blue Carbuncle".
- ^ a b "The Adventure of the Yellow Face"
- ^ The Hound of the Baskervilles.
- ^ a b c d "The Guns of Sherlock Holmes". http://archives.gunsandammo.com/content/guns-sherlock-holmes. Retrieved 27 April 2012.
- ^ See "The Red-Headed League" and "The Adventure of the Illustrious Client".
- ^ However, in the Granada TV version of "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty" Holmes uses a sword cane to force Joseph Harrison to give up the stolen treaty.
- ^ Inter alia "The Adventure of the Solitary Cyclist" and "The Adventure of the Naval Treaty".
- ^ Klinger, Leslie (1999). "Lost in Lassus: The missing monograph". http://webpages.charter.net/lklinger/lassus.htm. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
- ^ His Last Bow.
- ^ "NI chemist honours Sherlock Holmes". BBC News. 16 October 2002. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/2332461.stm. Retrieved 19 June 2011.
- ^ Radford, John (1999). The Intelligence of Sherlock Holmes and Other Three-pipe Problems. Sigma Forlag. ISBN 82-7916-004-3.
- ^ Snyder LJ (2004). "Sherlock Holmes: Scientific detective". Endeavour 28 (3): 104–108. DOI:10.1016/j.endeavour.2004.07.007. PMID 15350761.
- ^ Kempster PA (2006). "Looking for clues". Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 13 (2): 178–180. DOI:10.1016/j.jocn.2005.03.021. PMID 16459091.
- ^ Didierjean, A & Gobet, F (2008). "Sherlock Holmes – An expert’s view of expertise". British Journal of Psychology 99 (Pt 1): 109–125. DOI:10.1348/000712607X224469. PMID 17621416. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/854.
- ^ "Ronald Arbuthnott Knox (1888–1957)". http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/knox.htm. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "Christopher Morley". http://www.online-literature.com/morley/. Retrieved 13 February 2010.
- ^ "Sherlockian.Net: Societies". http://www.sherlockian.net/societies/index.html. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "Sherlock Holmes Review". http://www.filmofilia.com/2009/12/24/sherlock-holmes-review/. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
- ^ "Author Profile: Laurie R. King". Bookreporter.com. http://www.bookreporter.com/authors/au-king-laurie.asp. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ Dakin, D. Martin (1972). A Sherlock Holmes Commentary. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. ISBN 0-7153-5493-0.
- ^ McQueen, Ian (1974). Sherlock Holmes Detected. David & Charles, Newton Abbot. ISBN 0-7153-6453-7.
- ^ "Sherlockian Who's Who". sh-whoswho.com. http://www.sh-whoswho.com/index.php. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
- ^ a b Itzkoff, Dave (19 January 2010). "For the Heirs to Holmes, a Tangled Web". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/19/books/19sherlock.html?pagewanted=all.
- ^ "Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States". Copyright.cornell.edu. http://copyright.cornell.edu/resources/publicdomain.cfm. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ "Techdirt article". Techdirt article. http://www.techdirt.com/blog.php?tag=sherlock+holmes&edition=techdirt. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ "Elementary My Dear Watson...It's Called the Public Domain...Or is It?". Techdirt.com. 24 December 2009. http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20091223/1120407488.shtml. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ Sherlock Holmes: pipe dreams, Daily Telegraph 15 December 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
- ^ Tuska, Jon (1978). The Detective in Hollywood. New York: Doubleday. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-385-12093-7.
- ^ Robert W. Pohle, Douglas C. Hart, Sherlock Holmes on the screen: the motion picture adventures of the world's most popular detective (A. S. Barnes, 1977), pp. 54, 56, 57
- ^ Alan Barnes (2002). Sherlock Holmes on Screen. Reynolds & Hearn Ltd. pp. 13. ISBN 1-903111-04-8.
- ^ Internet Broadway Data Base – Baker Street. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ^ Wolfreys, Julian (1996). Adventures of Sherlock Holmes. Ware, England: Wordworth Editions. p. ix. ISBN 1-85326-033-9. "Holmes was reinvented definitively by Jeremy Brett...It is Brett's Holmes...which comes closest to Conan Doyle's original intentions."
- ^ "House and Holmes parallels – Radio Times, January 2006". Radio Times. 12 July 2011. http://www.radiotimes.com/content/show-features/house/house-and-holmes-parallels/. Retrieved 27 July 2011.
- ^ "Sherlock Holmes Mystery Solved". Blog.newsarama.com. 7 May 2009. http://blog.newsarama.com/2009/05/07/sherlock-holmes-mystery-solved/. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ "HFPA – Nominations and Winners". Goldenglobes.org. http://www.goldenglobes.org/nominations/year/2009/. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ "BBC 1: Sherlock". http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00t4pgh.
- ^ Thorpe, Vanessa (18 July 2010). "The Guardian. Sherlock Holmes is back... sending texts and using nicotine patches". London. http://www.guardian.co.uk/tv-and-radio/2010/jul/18/sherlock-holmes-is-back-bbc.
- ^ "The Herald Scotland. Times have changed but crimes are the same for new Sherlock Holmes". http://www.heraldscotland.com/news/home-news/times-have-changed-but-crimes-are-the-same-for-new-sherlock-holmes-1.1042129.
- ^ Nordberg, Nils: Døden i kiosken. Knut Gribb og andre heftedetektiver.
- ^ "film menu". Levinson.com. http://www.levinson.com/bl/ysherlock/index.htm. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ "Bluestalking: Two Cozies Featuring Bookish Sleuths, One Human and One... Not". Bluestalking.typepad.com. 25 June 2007. http://bluestalking.typepad.com/the_bluestalking_reader/2007/06/two-cozies-feat.html. Retrieved 10 January 2011.
- ^ Sanson, Ian. 27 Oct 2011. "The House of Silk by Anthony Horowitz--Review." The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2011/oct/27/house-silk-anthony-horowitz-sherlock-holmes
Further reading[link]
- Accardo, Pasquale J. (1987). Diagnosis and Detection: Medical Iconography of Sherlock Holmes. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. ISBN 0-517-50291-7.
- Baring-Gould, William (1967). The Annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. ISBN 0-517-50291-7.
- Baring-Gould, William (1962). Sherlock Holmes of Baker Street: The Life of the World's First Consulting Detective. New York: Clarkson N. Potter. OCLC 63103488.
- Blakeney, T.S. (1994). Sherlock Holmes: Fact or Fiction?. London: Prentice Hall & IBD. ISBN 1-883402-10-7.
- Bradley, Alan (2004). Ms Holmes of Baker Street: The Truth About Sherlock. Alberta: University of Alberta Press. ISBN 0-88864-415-9.
- Campbell, Mark (2007). Sherlock Holmes. London: Pocket Essentials. ISBN 978-0-470-12823-7.
- Dakin, David (1972). A Sherlock Holmes Commentary. Newton Abbot: David & Charles. ISBN 0-7153-5493-0.
- Duncan, Alistair (2008). Eliminate the Impossible: An Examination of the World of Sherlock Holmes on Page and Screen. London: MX Publishing. ISBN 978-1-904312-31-4.
- Duncan, Alistair (2009). Close to Holmes: A Look at the Connections Between Historical London, Sherlock Holmes and Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. London: MX Publishing. ISBN 978-1-904312-50-5.
- Duncan, Alistair (2010). The Norwood Author: Arthur Conan Doyle and the Norwood Years (1891–1894). London: MX Publishing. ISBN 978-1-904312-69-7.
- Fenoli Marc, Qui a tué Sherlock Holmes ? [Who shot Sherlock Holmes ?], Review L’Alpe 45, Glénat-Musée Dauphinois, Grenoble-France, 2009. ISBN 978-2-7234-6902-9
- Green, Richard Lancelyn (1987). The Sherlock Holmes Letters. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. ISBN 0-87745-161-3.
- Hall, Trevor (1969). Sherlock Holmes: Ten Literary Studies. London: Duckworth. ISBN 0-7156-0469-4.
- Hall, Trevor (1977). Sherlock Holmes and his creator. New York: St Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-71719-9.
- Hammer, David (1995). The Before-Breakfast Pipe of Mr. Sherlock Holmes. London: Wessex Pr.. ISBN 0-938501-21-6.
- Harrison, Michael (1973). The World of Sherlock Holmes. London: Frederick Muller Ltd..
- Jones, Kelvin (1987). Sherlock Holmes and the Kent Railways. Sittingborne, Kent: Meresborough Books. ISBN 0-948193-25-5.
- Keating, H. R. F. (2006). Sherlock Holmes: The Man and His World. Edison, NJ: Castle. ISBN 0-7858-2112-0.
- Kestner, Joseph (1997). Sherlock's Men: Masculinity, Conan Doyle and Cultural History. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 1-85928-394-2.
- King, Joseph A. (1996). Sherlock Holmes: From Victorian Sleuth to Modern Hero. Lanham, US: Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-3180-5.
- Klinger, Leslie (2005). The New Annotated Sherlock Holmes. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-05916-2.
- Klinger, Leslie (1998). The Sherlock Holmes Reference Library. Indianapolis: Gasogene Books. ISBN 0-938501-26-7.
- Lester, Paul (1992). Sherlock Holmes in the Midlands. Studley, Warwickshire: Brewin Books. ISBN 0-947731-85-7.
- Lieboe, Eli. Doctor Joe Bell: Model for Sherlock Holmes. Bowling Green, Ohio: Bowling Green University Popular Press, 1982; Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press, 2007. ISBN 978-0-87972-198-5
- Mitchelson, Austin (1994). The Baker Street Irregular: Unauthorised Biography of Sherlock Holmes. Romford: Ian Henry Publications Ltd. ISBN 0-8021-4325-3.
- Payne, David S. (1992). Myth and Modern Man in Sherlock Holmes: Sir Arthur Conan Doyle and the Uses of Nostalgia. Bloomington, Ind: Gaslight's Publications. ISBN 0-934468-29-X.
- Redmond, Christopher (1987). In Bed with Sherlock Holmes: Sexual Elements in Conan Doyle's Stories. London: Players Press. ISBN 0-8021-4325-3.
- Redmond, Donald (1983). Sherlock Holmes: A Study in Sources. Quebec: McGill-Queen's University Press. ISBN 0-7735-0391-9.
- Rennison, Nick (2007). Sherlock Holmes. The Unauthorized Biography. London: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-4325-9.
- Richards, Anthony John (1998). Holmes, Chemistry and the Royal Institution: A Survey of the Scientific Works of Sherlock Holmes and His Relationship with the Royal Institution of Great Britain. London: Irregulars Special Press. ISBN 0-7607-7156-1.
- Riley, Dick (2005). The Bedside Companion to Sherlock Holmes. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 0-7607-7156-1.
- Riley, Peter (2005). The Highways and Byways of Sherlock Holmes. London: P.&D. Riley. ISBN 978-1-874712-78-7.
- Roy, Pinaki (Department of English, Malda College) (2008). The Manichean Investigators: A Postcolonial and Cultural Rereading of the Sherlock Holmes and Byomkesh Bakshi Stories. New Delhi: Sarup and Sons. ISBN 978-81-7625-849-4.
- Sebeok, Thomas; Umiker-Sebeok, Jean (1984). "'You Know My Method': A Juxtaposition of Charles S. Peirce and Sherlock Holmes". In Eco, Umberto; Sebeok, Thomas. The Sign of Three: Dupin, Holmes, Peirce. Bloomington, IN: History Workshop, Indiana University Press. pp. 11–54. ISBN 978-0-253-35235-4. OCLC 9412985. http://www.visual-memory.co.uk/b_resources/abduction.html. Previously published as chapter 2, pp. 17–52 of Sebeok, Thomas (1981). The Play of Musement. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press. ISBN 978-0-253-39994-6. LCCN 80008846. OCLC 7275523.
- Shaw, John B. (1995). Encyclopedia of Sherlock Holmes: A Complete Guide to the World of the Great Detective. London: Pavillion Books. ISBN 1-85793-502-0.
- Smith, Daniel (2009). The Sherlock Holmes Companion: An Elementary Guide. London: Aurum Press. ISBN 978-1-84513-458-7.
- Starrett, Vincent (1993). The Private Life of Sherlock Holmes. London: Prentice Hall & IBD. ISBN 978-1-883402-05-1.
- Tracy, Jack (1988). The Sherlock Holmes Encyclopedia: Universal Dictionary of Sherlock Holmes. London: Crescent Books. ISBN 0-517-65444-X.
- Tracy, Jack (1996). Subcutaneously, My Dear Watson: Sherlock Holmes and the Cocaine Habit. Bloomington, Ind.: Gaslight Publications. ISBN 0-934468-25-7.
- Wagner, E.J. (2007). La Scienza di Sherlock Holmes. Torino: Bollati Boringheri. ISBN 978-0-470-12823-7.
- Weller, Philip (1993). The Life and Times of Sherlock Holmes. Simsbury: Bracken Books. ISBN 1-85891-106-0.
- Wexler, Bruce (2008). The Mysterious World of Sherlock Holmes. London: Running Press. ISBN 978-0-7624-3252-3.
External links[link]
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Wikisource has original text related to this article: |
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Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Sherlock Holmes |
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Sherlock Holmes |
- The Complete Sherlock Holmes, ebook from Archive.org
- "For the Heirs to Holmes, a Tangled Web" - New York Times article
- "The Burden of Holmes"- Wall Street Journal article
- The Sherlock Holmes Museum 221b Baker Street, London England.
- The Sherlock Holmes Society of London London society founded 1951
- Bert Coules' website (BBC Radio 4 canonical and original stories, 1989–2004)
- Discovering Sherlock Holmes at Stanford University
- Sherlock Holmes Special Collections
- The Sherlock Holmes Collections at the University of Minnesota Special Collections and Rare Books
- Chess and Sherlock Holmes essay by Edward Winter,
- Sir Arthur Conan Doyle audio books by Lit2Go from the University of South Florida.
- Sherlock Holmes plaques recorded on openplaques.org
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| Clint Mansell | ||
|---|---|---|
 Mansell with the Sonus Quartet, playing in Union Chapel, London, 20 July 2009 |
||
| Background information | ||
| Birth name | Clinton Darryl Mansell | |
| Born | (1963-01-07) 7 January 1963 (age 49) | |
| Origin | Coventry, England | |
| Genres | Classical Contemporary classical Electronic Alternative |
|
| Occupations | Musician, composer | |
| Years active | 1981–present | |
| Associated acts | Pop Will Eat Itself | |
| Website | clintmansell.com | |
| Notable instruments | ||
| Music sample | ||
Clinton Darryl "Clint" Mansell, (born 7 January 1963) is an English musician, composer, and former lead singer and guitarist of the band Pop Will Eat Itself.
After the disbanding of Pop Will Eat Itself in 1996, Mansell was introduced to film scoring when director Darren Aronofsky, hired him to score his debut film, π.[1] Mansell then wrote the score for the next Aronofsky film, Requiem for a Dream, which has been well received.[2] Its main composition "Lux Aeterna" has become extremely popular, appearing in a wide variety of advertisements and film trailers.[3][4][5]
Mansell's composition for The Fountain was nominated for Best Original Score at the 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards. His other notable film scores include Moon, Smokin' Aces, The Wrestler, and Black Swan.
Contents |
Career[link]
Pop career[link]
Mansell was the lead singer and guitarist of Pop Will Eat Itself. When PWEI signed to Nothing Records, Mansell became close friends with Trent Reznor,[6] and he performed backing vocals on the 1999 album The Fragile by Nine Inch Nails.
Soundtrack composer[link]
Mansell's score for Darren Aronofsky's π was followed up by his score for Aronofsky's next film, Requiem for a Dream, which became a cult hit.[1] Since their first collaboration in 1996, Mansell has composed the music to every Aronofsky film.[7]
Other notable achievements include the theme for the film The Hole, the music for the pilot episode of CSI: NY, and the score for Aronofsky's later films The Fountain, which was nominated for Best Original Score in the 64th Annual Golden Globe Awards, and The Wrestler.[8] Mansell has also contributed the score to HBO's Voyeur. His most recent work has been on the soundtrack for Black Swan in 2010.[9] and the video game Mass Effect 3[10][11]
Film trailers[link]
The trailer for The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers contained a rearranged version of the track "Lux Æterna", using a full orchestra and choir.[3] The piece, named "Requiem for a Tower", was recorded especially for the trailer.[3] The orchestration was arranged by Simone Benyacar, Dan Nielsen, and Veigar Margeirsson.[3]
"Lux Æterna" has since become popular, with both the original and the "Requiem for a Tower" version having appeared in a wide variety of advertisements and trailers, including the trailer for the Red Sox–Yankees games in the 2007 Major League Baseball season, and trailers for the films Zathura, The Da Vinci Code,[4] Sunshine, Babylon A.D. and the TV series Lost and Top Gear. It was also used on Sky Sports News and as the theme for Soccer Saturday from 2007–2009. In 2006, the theme was used in EuroSport LIVE trailers. The theme was also used by America's Got Talent as an introduction of the judges before being changed slightly. The new variant is now a regular piece on the show.
The piece "Death Is the Road to Awe" from the score for The Fountain was featured in a trailer for the 2007 film I Am Legend, and the trailer for the film The Mist, as well as the trailer for the film Frost/Nixon, and toward the end of 2007 The Final Cut trailer for Blade Runner.
Mansell's theme tune for sci-fi movie Moon also appears on the trailer for the film The Iron Lady.[12]
Scoring credits[link]
- Pi, 1998
- Requiem for a Dream, 2000
- World Traveler, 2001
- The Hole, 2001
- Knockaround Guys, 2001
- Abandon, 2002
- Murder by Numbers, 2002
- Sonny, 2002
- The Hire: Ticker, 2002
- 11:14, 2003
- Suspect Zero, 2004
- Sahara, 2005
- Doom, 2005
- The Fountain (Golden Globe Nomination), 2006
- Trust the Man, 2006
- Smokin' Aces, 2006
- Wind Chill, 2007
- In The Wall, 2007
- Definitely, Maybe, 2008
- The Wrestler, 2008
- Blood: The Last Vampire, 2009
- Moon, 2009
- L'affaire Farewell, 2009
- The Rebound, 2009
- Black Swan (Grammy Nomination), 2010
- Last Night, 2010
- Faster, 2010
- United, 2011
- Mass Effect 3, 2012
References[link]
- ^ a b Pete Paphides Clint Mansell: pop ate itself, and out popped Hollywood The Times Retrieved 14 May 2010
- ^ Requiem for a Dream – Clint Mansell Allmusic Retrieved 31 January 2011
- ^ a b c d Requiem for a Tower Dream – Single iTunes
- ^ a b The Da Vinci Code Trailer Retrieved 31 January 2011
- ^ Sundance 2009 Composers – Clint Mansell BMI Retrieved 31 January 2011
- ^ Clint Mansell: Aronofsky, Reznor and Me, Part One
- ^ Bray, Elisa (28 January 2011) Duo Darren Aronofsky and Clint Mansell score on pointes The Independent Retrieved 31 January 2011
- ^ 64th Golden Globe Awards nominations
- ^ McNulty, Bernadette (20 January 2011) Clint Mansell interview for Black Swan soundtrack The Telegraph
- ^ Lambrechts, Stephen (9 February 2011). "Film Composer Clint Mansell to Score Mass Effect 3". IGN.com. http://xbox360.ign.com/articles/114/1148798p1.html. Retrieved 30 March 2011.
- ^ "These Are The People Composing Mass Effect 3's Soundtrack". GameInformer.com. 19 December 2011. http://www.gameinformer.com/b/news/archive/2011/12/19/these-are-the-people-composing-mass-effect-3s-soundtrack.aspx. Retrieved 19 December 2011.
- ^ The Iron Lady Movie official homepage
External links[link]
- Official website
- Clint Mansell at the Internet Movie Database
- Mansell at Yahoo Movies
- Mansell at Rotten Tomatoes[dead link]
- Interview focusing on Pop Will Eat Itself
- The Wrestler Score review
- Two and a Half Questions with Clint Mansell on Headphone Commute (2009)
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mansell, Clint |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1963-01-07 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Clint_Mansell
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Мэнселл, Клинт
http://de.wn.com/Clint Mansell
http://it.wn.com/Clint Mansell
http://es.wn.com/Clint Mansell
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint_Mansell
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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