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The Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy was a religious controversy in the 1920s and '30s within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America that later created divisions in most Christian denominations as well. The major American denomination was torn by conflict over the issues of theology and ecclesiology. Underneath those struggles lay profound concerns about the role of Christianity in the culture and how that role was to be expressed.
Ernestine van der Wall, a Professor of the History of Christianity at Leiden University in the Netherlands, introduces the following origins of the characterization of the controversy.
The Controversy is conventionally dated as beginning in 1922 with a sermon by a well-recognized and articulate spokesman for liberal Protestantism, Harry Emerson Fosdick. Fosdick, a liberal Baptist preaching by special permission in First Presbyterian Church, New York, delivered his sermon "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?" highlighting differences between liberal and conservative Christians. The ending of the controversy was marked by J. Gresham Machen and a number of other conservative Presbyterian theologians and clergy leaving the denomination in 1936 to establish the Orthodox Presbyterian Church.
Controversy is a state of prolonged public dispute or debate, usually concerning a matter of conflicting opinion or point of view. The word was coined from the Latin controversia, as a composite of controversus – "turned in an opposite direction," from contra – "against" – and vertere – to turn, or versus (see verse), hence, "to turn against."
The most applicable or well known controversial subjects, topics or areas are politics, religion, philosophy, parenting and sex.History is similarly controversial. Other minor yet prominent areas of controversy are economics, science, finances, culture, education, the military, society, celebrities, organisation, the media, age, gender, and race. Controversy in matters of theology has traditionally been particularly heated, giving rise to the phrase odium theologicum. Controversial issues are held as potentially divisive in a given society, because they can lead to tension and ill will, and as a result they are often considered taboo to be discussed in the light of company in many cultures.
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant.
Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 (equivalent to $1,349 in 2016), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national publicity, as national reporters flocked to Dayton to cover the big-name lawyers who had agreed to represent each side. William Jennings Bryan, three-time presidential candidate, argued for the prosecution, while Clarence Darrow, the famed defense attorney, spoke for Scopes. The trial publicized the Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy, which set Modernists, who said evolution was not inconsistent with religion, against Fundamentalists, who said the word of God as revealed in the Bible took priority over all human knowledge. The case was thus seen as both a theological contest and a trial on whether modern science should be taught in schools.
Church History may refer to
The Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy was a religious controversy in the 1920s and '30s within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America that later created divisions in most Christian denominations as well.The major American denomination was torn by conflict over the issues of theology and ecclesiology.Underneath those struggles lay profound concerns about the role of Christianity in the culture and how that role was to be expressed.Ernestine van der Wall, a Professor of the History of Christianity at Leiden University in the Netherlands, introduces the following origins of the characterization of the controversy. ---Image-Copyright-and-Permission--- About the author(s): Descent_of_the_Modernists,_E._J._Pace,_Christian_Cartoons,_1922.jpg: E. J. Pace derivative work: Luinf...
Christopher Schlect describes his experience and research as a 2012 PHS Research Fellow.
HIUS 530 Discussion Board 3- Dr. Harry E. Fosdick and the Fundamentalist- Modernist Controversy of the 1920s
The Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy #1 - Bible-Presbyterian Church History Series Speaker: Reverend Joseph Poon Website: http://www.bpcwa.org.au/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/newtobpcwa DOWNLOAD NOTES [ENGLISH]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BydDTWL8_06cWk1mRXY3Z3hhMnc/view?usp=sharing DOWNLOAD NOTES [CHINESE]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BydDTWL8_06cVmU0OWRLVVBYOEk/view?usp=sharing ==================== BEFORE THE 1900’S: RISE OF MODERNISM AND LIBERALISM IN US Modernism Modernism may be defined as a method of interpreting Christian scripture and tradition, but not a particular set of beliefs. In the late 19th to early 20th centuries, it was a conviction that in the light of new scientific knowledge and the most recent Biblical historical research, an application of t...
HIUS 530 American Christian Heritage
Submitted for course, HIST 530, in partial fulfillment of requirements at Liberty University.
Reference "The Fundamentals." - Theopedia, an Encyclopedia of Biblical Christianity. Accessed November 27, 2014. http://www.theopedia.com/The_Fundamentals. Noll, Mark A. In A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1992.
The Fundamentalist–Modernist Controversy was a religious controversy in the 1920s and '30s within the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America that later created divisions in most Christian denominations as well.The major American denomination was torn by conflict over the issues of theology and ecclesiology.Underneath those struggles lay profound concerns about the role of Christianity in the culture and how that role was to be expressed.Ernestine van der Wall, a Professor of the History of Christianity at Leiden University in the Netherlands, introduces the following origins of the characterization of the controversy. ---Image-Copyright-and-Permission--- About the author(s): Descent_of_the_Modernists,_E._J._Pace,_Christian_Cartoons,_1922.jpg: E. J. Pace derivative work: Luinf...
Christopher Schlect describes his experience and research as a 2012 PHS Research Fellow.
HIUS 530 Discussion Board 3- Dr. Harry E. Fosdick and the Fundamentalist- Modernist Controversy of the 1920s
The Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy #1 - Bible-Presbyterian Church History Series Speaker: Reverend Joseph Poon Website: http://www.bpcwa.org.au/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/newtobpcwa DOWNLOAD NOTES [ENGLISH]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BydDTWL8_06cWk1mRXY3Z3hhMnc/view?usp=sharing DOWNLOAD NOTES [CHINESE]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BydDTWL8_06cVmU0OWRLVVBYOEk/view?usp=sharing ==================== BEFORE THE 1900’S: RISE OF MODERNISM AND LIBERALISM IN US Modernism Modernism may be defined as a method of interpreting Christian scripture and tradition, but not a particular set of beliefs. In the late 19th to early 20th centuries, it was a conviction that in the light of new scientific knowledge and the most recent Biblical historical research, an application of t...
HIUS 530 American Christian Heritage
Submitted for course, HIST 530, in partial fulfillment of requirements at Liberty University.
Reference "The Fundamentals." - Theopedia, an Encyclopedia of Biblical Christianity. Accessed November 27, 2014. http://www.theopedia.com/The_Fundamentals. Noll, Mark A. In A History of Christianity in the United States and Canada. Grand Rapids, Mich.: W.B. Eerdmans, 1992.
Islam: What the West Needs to Know is a 2006 documentary film produced by Quixotic Media. According to the producers, the film is an examination of Islam and its violence towards non-Muslims. It features discussions using passages from religious texts and includes commentaries by Robert Spencer, Serge Trifkovic, Bat Ye'or, Abdullah Al-Araby, and Walid Shoebat. The film premiered at the American Film Renaissance Festival in Hollywood on January 15, 2006, and had a limited theatrical release in Chicago, Washington, D.C., and Atlanta in summer 2006. The film had caught attention mainly through its distribution via web. Some have considered the film to be thought-provoking and important, with the Gwinnett Daily Post describing its message as "mind-blowing". Other reviewers criticised the film...
The Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy #1 - Bible-Presbyterian Church History Series Speaker: Reverend Joseph Poon Website: http://www.bpcwa.org.au/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/newtobpcwa DOWNLOAD NOTES [ENGLISH]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BydDTWL8_06cWk1mRXY3Z3hhMnc/view?usp=sharing DOWNLOAD NOTES [CHINESE]: https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BydDTWL8_06cVmU0OWRLVVBYOEk/view?usp=sharing ==================== BEFORE THE 1900’S: RISE OF MODERNISM AND LIBERALISM IN US Modernism Modernism may be defined as a method of interpreting Christian scripture and tradition, but not a particular set of beliefs. In the late 19th to early 20th centuries, it was a conviction that in the light of new scientific knowledge and the most recent Biblical historical research, an application of t...
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school.[1] The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. Scopes was unsure whether he had ever actually taught evolution, but he purposely incriminated himself so that the case could have a defendant. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100 (equivalent to $1,345 in 2015), but the verdict was overturned on a technicality. The trial served its purpose of drawing intense national p...
The relationship between religion and science has been a subject of study since Classical antiquity, addressed by philosophers, theologians, scientists, and others. Perspectives from different geographical regions, cultures and historical epochs are diverse, with some characterizing the relationship as one of conflict, others describing it as one of harmony, and others proposing little interaction. Science and religion generally pursue knowledge of the universe using different methodologies. Science acknowledges reason, empiricism, and evidence, while religions include revelation, faith and sacredness. Despite these differences, most scientific and technical innovations prior to the Scientific revolution were achieved by societies organized by religious traditions. Much of the scientific ...
• Higher Biblical Criticism http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04491c.htm • The History of Social Gospel (PBS) http://www.pbs.org/now/society/socialgospel.html • Social Gospel and the Progressive Era http://bit.ly/1bebWjz • Maher: If Palin thinks the Pope is too liberal ...http://bit.ly/1bc0W9V • "Shall the Fundamentalists Win?" Harry Emerson Fosdick sermon http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5070/ • Walter Raushenbusch http://people.bu.edu/wwildman/bce/rauschenbusch.htm • People & Ideas: Walter Rauschenbusch (God in America, Frontline) http://to.pbs.org/18cH7yT • Walter Rauschenbusch: The Social Gospel, 1908 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/rausch-socialgospel.asp • The Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy (including the Battle for Princeton Theological Seminary) (wiki) http://bit.ly/1cVKdXB •...
"Great Battles" Evening Lecture A Philadelphia International Festival of the Arts Event The Scopes Monkey Trial The Scopes Monkey Trial (The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes) was a landmark American legal case in 1925 in which a high school science teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution. Modernists, who said religion was consistent with evolution, were set against religious fundamentalists in a trial that helped to fuel the controversy regarding teaching evolution in public schools. Dr. Janet Monge, Associate Curator-in-Charge and Keeper of Collections, Physical Anthropology Section, discusses this groundbreaking case.
The Orthodox Presbyterian Church was formed in 1936 out of the modernist-fundamentalist controversy at a time when figures such as J. Gresham Machen were struggling with liberal influences at Princeton Seminary and the mainline Presbyterian Church. Much has been written on those early years, but a significant gap in the history persisted until recently. For the OPC's 75th anniversary, the Committee for the Historian has commissioned two books. The first is a collection of essays edited by John R. Muether and Danny E. Olinger titled Confident of Better Things. The second is Between the Times: The Orthodox Presbyterian Church in Transition 1945-1990 written by Darryl. G. Hart. Hart's book wonderfully chronicles the OPC during the transition beyond the first generation as the young Reformed d...