background	solo_singer
name	Grace Slick
birth name	Grace Barnett Wing
born	October 30, 1939Evanston, Illinois, U.S.
instrument	Vocals, keyboards, guitar
genre	Psychedelic rock, acid rock, hard rock
occupation	Singer-songwriter, Visual artist
years active	1965–1990 (music), 1998–present (visual arts)
label	RCA
associated acts	Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, Starship, The Great Society
website	Grace Slick paintings }}

Grace Slick (born Grace Barnett Wing; October 30, 1939) is an American singer and songwriter, who was one of the lead singers of the rock groups The Great Society, Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and Starship, and was a solo artist, for nearly three decades, from the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s. Slick was an important figure in the 1960s psychedelic rock genre, and is known for her witty lyrics and powerful contralto vocals.

Early life (1939-1960s)

Grace Barnett Wing was born in Evanston, Illinois, to Ivan W. Wing (1907-1987) and Virginia Barnett (1910-1984, a direct descendant of passengers of the ''Mayflower''). In 1949, a month before her tenth birthday, her brother Chris Wing was born. Her father was transferred several times when she was a child and, in addition to the Chicago area, she lived in Los Angeles and San Francisco before her family finally settled in Palo Alto, California, south of San Francisco, in the early 1950s. She attended Palo Alto Senior High School before switching to Castilleja High School, a private all-girls school in Palo Alto. Following graduation, she attended Finch College in New York from 1957 to 1958 and the University of Miami in Coral Gables, Florida, from 1958–1959.

Before entering the music scene, Slick was a model for I. Magnin for a short time in the early sixties.

Musical career

The Great Society

Slick's music career started in 1965 in San Francisco. Slick and her then husband were influenced to start their own band by The Beatles and after they saw the newly formed Jefferson Airplane perform at The Matrix. Slick, who was a fashion model at the time, stated the main reason for going into music was that after seeing Airplane perform, she realized they were making more money than she was as a model and were having more fun performing. Slick and her husband formed a band along with her then brother-in-law, Darby Slick, and other friends, calling it The Great Society after the social reform program of the same name. The group debuted during the autumn of 1965 and by early 1966 was one of the popular psychedelic acts in the Bay area. Grace provided vocals and played guitar, piano and the recorder. In addition, she and her brother-in-law wrote a majority of the songs.

Jefferson Airplane

By the summer of 1966, The Great Society was one of the best-known bands in San Francisco. The band recorded material, releasing one single in San Francisco, a precursor to the future Jefferson Airplane success "Somebody to Love" (titled "Someone To Love") written by Darby. During autumn, Jefferson Airplane's singer Signe Toly Anderson had left to start a family, and the band asked Slick to join them. Slick stated that part of the reason for leaving was that the Airplane was a much more professional band than The Great Society. She took two compositions from The Great Society: "White Rabbit" (which she is purported to have written in an hour), and "Somebody to Love" (both of which became huge hits), and the band began recording an album. By 1967, ''Surrealistic Pillow'' and its singles were great successes and Jefferson Airplane was one of the best-known bands in the country. Slick became one of the first popular female rock musicians. Other notable songs that she recorded with Jefferson Airplane include "Two Heads", "Lather" and "Greasy Heart". The songs "Somebody to Love" and "White Rabbit" appeared on Rolling Stone's top 500 greatest songs of all time. Both songs were first performed by The Great Society; their version of "White Rabbit" featured an oboe solo by Slick. In 1968, Slick performed "Crown of Creation" on ''The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour'' in black face and ended with a Black Panther fist. In an appearance on a 1969 episode of the ''Dick Cavett Show'', she became the first person to say "motherfucker" on live television during a performance of "We Can Be Together" as Jefferson Airplane.

Jefferson Starship and beyond

After Jefferson Airplane terminated, Slick along with other bandmates formed the even more popular Jefferson Starship. Slick's solo albums include ''Manhole'', ''Dreams'', ''Software'' and ''Welcome to the Wrecking Ball''. ''Manhole'' also featured keyboardist, bassist Pete Sears who later joined the original Jefferson Starship in 1974. Sears and Grace penned several early Jefferson Starship songs together, including "Hyperdrive" and "Play On Love". ''Dreams'', which was produced by Ron Frangipane and incorporated many of the ideas she encountered attending 12-step meetings, is the most personal of her solo albums and was nominated for a Grammy Award. The song "Do It the Hard Way" from ''Dreams'' is one example of Grace's music at the time.

Slick was nicknamed "The Chrome Nun" by David Crosby, who also referred to Paul Kantner as "Baron von Tollbooth". Their nicknames were used as the title of an album she made with bandmates Paul Kantner and David Freiberg entitled ''Baron Von Tollbooth and the Chrome Nun''

During Jefferson Starship's 1978 European tour, Slick's alcoholism became a problem for the band. The group had to cancel the first night in Germany because Slick was too intoxicated to perform, causing the audience to riot. She performed the next night with the band but was so inebriated she could not sing properly and then began to attack the audience. She abused the crowd verbally by mocking the country for losing World War II and groped both female audience members and band mates. The next day she left the group. That same year, she was dragged off of a San Francisco game show for abusing the contestants. She was admitted to a detoxification facility at least twice, once during the 1970s at Duffy's in Napa Valley and once in the 1990s with daughter China. Slick has publicly acknowledged her alcoholism, discussed her rehabilitation experiences, and commented on her use of LSD, marijuana and other substances in her autobiography, in various interviews, and in several celebrity addiction and recovery books, including ''The Courage to Change'' by Dennis Wholey and ''The Harder They Fall'' by Gary Stromberg and Jane Merrill.

During the 1980s, Slick was the only former Jefferson Airplane member to be in Starship. The band went on to score three chart-topping successes with "We Built This City", "Sara", and "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now". Despite the huge success, Grace has since spoken negatively about the experience and the music. She left the group in 1988 shorly after the release of ''No Protection''. In 1989, Slick and her former Jefferson Airplane band members reformed the group. They released a reunion album and a successful tour followed.

Personal life

Slick was married twice, to cinematographer Gerald "Jerry" Slick from 1961 to 1971 and then to Skip Johnson (1952-), a Jefferson Starship lighting designer, from 1976 to 1994. She has one daughter, China Wing Kantner (born January 25, 1971). China's father is former Jefferson Airplane guitarist Paul Kantner, with whom Slick had a relationship from 1969 through 1975. During her stay in the hospital after the baby's birth, Slick sarcastically told one of the attending nurses (whom Grace found to be annoyingly sanctimonious) that she intended to name the child "god", with a lowercase "g", as she "wished for the child to be humble". The nurse took Slick seriously, and her reports of the incident caused both a minor stir and the birth of a rock-and-roll urban legend.

Run-ins with the law

Slick and Tricia Nixon, former President Richard Nixon's daughter, are alumnae of Finch College. Grace was invited to a tea party for the alumnae at the White House in 1969. She invited the political activist Abbie Hoffman to be her escort and planned to spike President Richard Nixon's tea with 600 micrograms of LSD. The plan was thwarted when they were prevented from entering after being recognized by White House security personnel, as Slick had been placed on an FBI blacklist.

During 1971, after a long recording session, she crashed her car into a wall near the Golden Gate Bridge while racing with Jorma Kaukonen. She suffered only a concussion and later used the incident as the basis of her "Never Argue with a German if You're Tired or European Song", which appears on the ''Bark'' album (1971).

While Slick had troubles with the law while acting as a part of Jefferson Airplane, she was arrested individually at least three times for what she has referred to as "TUI" ("Talking Under the Influence") and "Drunk Mouth". While technically the charges were DUI, the three arrests mentioned in her autobiography occurred when she was not actually inside a vehicle. The first of the arrests occurred after an argument in the car with then partner Paul Kantner, who became tired of bickering, pulled the car keys from the ignition, and tossed them through the car window onto someone's front lawn. While Slick crawled around on the lawn looking for the keys, a police officer arrived and asked what was happening. Her response (laughter) did not amuse the officer, and she was taken to jail.

The second time occurred after Slick neglected to check the oil level in her car engine and flames began leaping out from under the hood. When an officer arrived and, as previously, asked what was happening, her response that particular time was less amusing and more sarcastic. With her car belching fire, it seemed obvious to her what was happening. As a result of her quip, she was taken to the Marin County jail.

The third arrest happened after an officer caught her sitting against a tree trunk in the back woods of Marin County drinking wine, eating bread, and reading poetry. When the officer asked what she was doing, her sarcastic response got her another ride to the Marin County jail.

She was reportedly arrested in 1994 for assault with a deadly weapon after pointing an unloaded gun at a police officer (after, according to her, the officer came onto her property without explanation).

Later life (1988-present)

Slick left Starship during 1988. After a brief Jefferson Airplane reunion and tour the following year, she retired from the music business. During a 1998 interview with VH1 on a ''Behind the Music'' documentary featuring Jefferson Airplane, Slick, who was never shy about giving her age, stated that the main reason she retired from the music business was that ''"all rock-and-rollers over the age of 50 look stupid and should retire"''. Even so, she has made a couple of appearances over the years with Paul Kantner's revamped version of Jefferson Starship when the band has played in Los Angeles, the most recent being a post-9/11 gig during which she came on the stage initially covered in black from head to toe in a makeshift burqa, which she removed to reveal a covering bearing an American flag and the words "No Fear". Her statement to fans on the outfit was: ''"The outfit is not about Islam, it's about repression; this flag is not about politics, it's about liberty."''

After retiring from music, she began painting and drawing. She has done many renditions of her fellow 1960s musicians, such as Janis Joplin, Jerry Garcia, and others. In 2000 she began displaying and selling her artwork. She attends many of her art shows across the United States. She has generally refrained from engaging in the music business, although she did perform on "Knock Me Out", a track from ''In Flight'', the 1996 solo debut from former 4 Non Blondes singer, and friend of daughter China, Linda Perry. The song was also on the soundtrack to ''The Crow: City of Angels.''

In a 2001 ''USA Today'' article, she said, "I'm in good health and people want to know what I do to be this way...I don't eat cheese, I don't eat duck—the point is I'm vegan...." However, she also admits that she's "not strict vegan, because I'm a hedonist pig. If I see a big chocolate cake that is made with eggs, I'll have it." Slick released her autobiography, ''Somebody to Love? A Rock and Roll Memoir'', in 1998 and narrated an abridged version of the book as an audiobook. A biography, ''Grace Slick, The Biography'' by Barbara Rowes was released in 1980 and is currently out of print.

In 2006, Slick suffered from diverticulitis. After initial surgery, she had a relapse requiring further surgery and a tracheotomy. She was placed in an induced coma for two months and then had to learn to walk again.

Also in 2006, Slick gave a speech at the inauguration of the new Virgin America airline, which had named their first aircraft "Jefferson Airplane". In 2008, Slick contributed vocals to the hidden track (actually a previously unreleased 1970 outtake featuring Slick, Paul Kantner and Jack Traylor) of the latest Jefferson Starship release, ''Jefferson's Tree of Liberty''. In 2010, Slick co-wrote "Edge of Madness" with singer Michelle Mangione to raise money for the BP Oil Spill.

Visual art

After retiring, and after a house fire, divorce, and breakup, Slick began drawing and painting animals, mainly to amuse herself and because doing so made her happy during a difficult period in her life. Soon thereafter, she was approached about writing her memoir, which ultimately became ''Somebody to Love? A Rock-and-Roll Memoir''. Her agent saw her artwork and asked her to do some portraits of some of her various contemporaries from the rock-and-roll genre to be included in the autobiography. Hesitant at first (because she thought “it was way too cute. Rock-n-Roll draws Rock-n-Roll”), she eventually agreed because she found she enjoyed it; and color renditions of Janis Joplin, Jimi Hendrix, and Jerry Garcia appeared in the completed autobiography. An “Alice in Wonderland”-themed painting and various other sketches are scattered throughout the book. Her paintings of Jorma Kaukonen and Jack Casady were used for the cover art of the album ''The Best of Hot Tuna''. Though Slick has been drawing and painting since she was a child, she admits to not being able to multitask and therefore did not do much of it while she was focusing on the various bands and music she was involved with during her musical career. One notable exception is the cover art of her first solo album, ''Manhole'', on which she signed “Child Type Odd Art by Grace” on the front cover.

Slick is not faithful to any specific style or medium in her production of visual art and has no interest in developing one. She uses acrylic paints (she says oil takes too long to dry), canvas, pen, ink, scratchboard, pastels, and pencil. Many of her works are mixed media. Her styles range from the children’s bookish “Alice in Wonderland” themes to the realism of the Rock and Roll portraits and scratchboards of animals to the minimalist ink wash styled nudes to a variety of other subjects and styles. The best-selling prints and originals are, not surprisingly, her various renditions of the white rabbit and the portraits of her colleagues in the music industry. In 2006, the popularity of her “Alice in Wonderland” works led to a partnership with Dark Horse Comics, Inc. that resulted in the release of stationery and journals with the “Wonderland” motif.

While critics have variously panned and praised her work, Slick seems indifferent to the criticism. She views her visual artistry as just another extension of the artistic temperament that landed her in the music scene in the first place, as it allows her to continue to produce art in a way that does not require the physical demands of appearing on a stage nightly or traveling with a large group of people.

She attends many of her art gallery shows across the United States, sometimes attending over 30 shows in a year. While she says she enjoys talking with the people who come to her art shows, she is not a fan of the traveling involved, particularly the flying. At most of her art shows, those who purchase a piece of her art get a photo with Slick, an opportunity to chat, and a personalized autograph on the back of the piece that has been purchased.

Legacy

Alongside her close contemporary Janis Joplin, Slick was an important figure in the development of rock music in the late 1960s and was one of the first female rock stars. Her distinctive vocal style and striking stage presence exerted a definite influence on other female performers, including Stevie Nicks and Patti Smith.

Artistic accomplishments

Slick's longevity in the music business helped her to earn a rather unusual distinction: the oldest female vocalist on a ''Billboard Hot 100'' chart topping single. "We Built This City" reached #1 on November 16, 1985, shortly after her 46th birthday. The previous record was age 44 for Tina Turner, with 1984's #1 smash, "What's Love Got To Do With It". Turner (who is, coincidentally, within a month of Slick's age) turned 45 two months after the song topped the charts. Slick broke her own record in April 1987 at age 47 when "Nothing's Gonna Stop Us Now" topped the U.S. charts. Her record stood for 12 years but was ultimately broken by Cher, who was 53 in 1999 when "Believe" hit #1.

Slick did vocals for a piece known as ''Jazzy Spies'', a series of animated shorts about the numbers 2 through 10 (a #1 short was never made), which aired on ''Sesame Street''. The segment for the number two appeared in the first episode of the first season of ''Sesame Street'', November 10, 1969.

She was nominated for a Grammy award in 1980 as Best Rock Female Vocalist for her solo album ''Dreams''.

She was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 (as a member of Jefferson Airplane).

She was ranked #20 on VH1's 100 Greatest Women of Rock N Roll.

Aside from singing, she also sometimes played piano, keyboards, oboe, and recorder for the bands.

In 1993, she also provided the narration for the Stephen King short story, "You Know They Got a Hell of a Band" on his "''Nightmares & Dreamscapes''" audiobook.

Discography

;Solo albums

''Manhole'' (1973) – US position: # 127

''Dreams'' (1980) – US position: # 32

''Welcome to the Wrecking Ball!'' (1981) – US position: # 48

''Software'' (1984) – US position: # 206

;Compilation

''The Best of Grace Slick'' (1999) (compilation album, also includes tracks by Jefferson Airplane, Jefferson Starship, and Starship, in which Grace Slick was the lead vocalist)

;with The Great Society

''Conspicuous Only in its Absence'' (1968)

''How It Was'' (1968)

''Born to Be Burned'' (1995)

;with Jefferson Airplane

''Surrealistic Pillow'' (1967)

''After Bathing at Baxter's'' (1967)

''Crown of Creation'' (1968)

''Bless Its Pointed Little Head'' (1969)

''Volunteers'' (1969)

''Bark'' (1971)

''Long John Silver'' (1972)

''Thirty Seconds Over Winterland'' (1973)

''Early Flight'' (1974)

''Jefferson Airplane'' (1989)

;with Jefferson Starship

''Dragon Fly'' (1974)

''Red Octopus'' (1975)

''Spitfire'' (1976)

''Earth'' (1978)

''Modern Times'' (1981)

''Winds of Change'' (1982)

''Nuclear Furniture'' (1984)

;with Starship

''Knee Deep in the Hoopla'' (1985)

''No Protection'' (1987)

;with Paul Kantner

''Blows Against the Empire'' (1970) US #20

''Sunfighter'' (1971) US #89

''Baron von Tollbooth and the Chrome Nun'' (1973) US #120

''Planet Earth Rock and Roll Orchestra (1983) US #201

;Guest appearances

''If I Could Only Remember My Name'' (by David Crosby) (1971)

''Papa John Creach'' (by Papa John Creach) (1971)

''Rolling Thunder'' (by Mickey Hart) (1972)

''Seastones'' (by Ned Lagin) (1975)

''69 Times (by Rick James) (1982)

''Heart'' (by Heart) (1985)

''Back to Avalon'' (by Kenny Loggins) (1988)

''Deep Space / Virgin Sky'' (by Jefferson Starship) (1995)

''In Flight'' (by Linda Perry) (1996)

''Windows of Heaven'' (by Jefferson Starship) (1999)

''Jefferson's Tree of Liberty'' (by Jefferson Starship) (2008)

"The Edge of Madness" (by Michelle Mangione) (2010)

References

External links

Jefferson Airplane official website

Episode of Biography about Grace Slick

Grace Slick on NNDB

Grace Slick biography at Gotarevolution.com.

2009 Interview with Grace Slick

Grace Slick biography at Frontrowgallery.com.

Grace Slick biography at Limelightagency.com.

Area Arts, Grace Slick's US art distributor

Dorothy's Gallery

Counterculture Meets Mall Culture for Grace Slick

Grace Slick on MySpace

Category:1939 births Category:American contraltos Category:American female singers Category:American rock singers Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American vegans Category:Female rock singers Category:Living people Category:Musicians from Illinois Category:Palo Alto High School alumni Category:People from Evanston, Illinois Category:People from the San Francisco Bay Area Category:Jefferson Airplane members Category:Jefferson Starship members Category:American musicians of English descent Category:American musicians of Norwegian descent Category:American musicians of Swedish descent Category:University of Miami alumni Category:Psychedelic rock musicians

de:Grace Slick et:Grace Slick es:Grace Slick fr:Grace Slick it:Grace Slick he:גרייס סליק hu:Grace Slick nl:Grace Slick ja:グレイス・スリック no:Grace Slick nn:Grace Slick pl:Grace Slick pt:Grace Slick ro:Grace Slick ru:Слик, Грейс simple:Grace Slick sr:Грејс Слик fi:Grace Slick sv:Grace Slick tr:Grace Slick

Name	Linda Perry
Vocal range	Contralto
Genre	alternative rock (as singer) pop rock, alternative rock, pop, R&B; (as producer)
Instrument	Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, piano
Occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer
Label	Interscope RecordsKill Rock StarsCustard RecordsRockstar Records
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Linda M. Perry
Born	April 15, 1965 Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S. }}

Linda Perry (born April 15, 1965) is an American rock musician, songwriter, and record producer. Once best known as the lead singer and primary songwriter of 4 Non Blondes, Perry has founded two record labels and has become a major songwriter and producer. She has written and produced hit songs for several successful female singers, including Christina Aguilera (who had a #1 hit with Perry's "Beautiful"), Pink (who had a #1 hit with Perry's "Get the Party Started", and Gwen Stefani ("What You Waiting For?" from her album ''Love. Angel. Music. Baby.'')). Perry has also contributed heavily to albums by Courtney Love and Kelly Osbourne as well as signing and distributing James Blunt in the United States.

Biography

Linda Perry was born in the City of Springfield, Massachusetts. She is the daughter of Portuguese-American Alfred Xavier Perry and Brazilian-born Marluce Perry. Her mother has worked as a model, designer, and private detective. Her father, Alfred Xavier (1928–2005), worked as both an engineer and a musician. Linda is one of seven siblings; she has five brothers (Jay, Solomon, Mark, Marcel, and John) and one sister (Sally).

Linda spent her youth struggling with kidney disease and then addiction, before focusing on music. Growing up in an artistic and musical household, the young Perry displayed musical talent and interest from an early age. Her first song was "Pity Girls," at the age of 15 (according to an interview from ASCAP in the middle of 2003).

She was in a relationship with Clementine Ford for about two years.

Career

1987 - 1989: Early career

In early 1987, at the age of 21, Linda moved to San Francisco. As a teenager in San Diego, she had pursued an interest in music, playing the guitar and auditioning for all-girl cover bands. Her arrival in San Francisco would mark the beginning of a career in music, though not before waiting tables, working coat-check, and working at a pizzeria. In San Francisco, Linda lived in a small, windowless room, and would play her guitar and sing her own songs on city streets. Eventually, people began to recognize her as "that chick with the big voice."

1989 - 1995: 4 Non Blondes

After some time spent paying dues as a solo singer at Bay Area (San Francisco) clubs and coffeehouses, Perry composed her first professional song, called "Down On Your Face", and was recruited into the band 4 Non Blondes by its founder Christa Hillhouse in the middle of 1989. After several years of playing locally and negotiating with various record companies, the band finally signed with Interscope Records and released its debut album, ''Bigger, Better, Faster, More!'', in late 1992. The album, featuring Perry as lead singer and dominated by her compositions, was an immediate success and spawned a hit single, the Perry-penned "What's Up?" (often erroneously called "What's Going On?", since that line is sung repeatedly in the chorus).

While promoting the song, Perry was touring around the world and displayed the word "dyke" on her guitar for a performance on ''the 1994 Billboard Music Awards''. She has always been openly lesbian. In May 2009 she announced she was dating Cybill Shepherd's daughter, Clementine Ford.

In February 1994, Perry had a solo appearance in Roger Daltrey's production, album and video ''A Celebration: The Music of Pete Townshend and The Who.'' She shared the stage with the Juilliard Orchestra and members of The Who as she sang "Doctor Jimmy", "Acid Queen", "I'm Free" (in a duet with Roger Daltrey) and the encore for "Join Together" with original The Who members John Entwistle and Pete Townshend. In 1994 a CD and a VHS video of the shows were issued with the songs "Doctor Jimmy" and "I'm Free", but in 1998 a DVD was released with the song "I'm Free" only.

In June 1994 the guitarist Roger Rocha was replaced by Concrete Blonde member Jim Mankey, who had just played for Van Halen's cover I'm The One recorded as the theme from the movie Airheads. During sessions at Interscope studios in Los Angeles, the band struggled to come up with a followup to ''Bigger,'' but Perry left the band during the attempt to pursue a solo career. The band recorded one last video, for a cover of Led Zeppelin's "Misty Mountain Hop" with Dave Navarro on guitar.

In a 2011 Rolling Stone interview, while promoting her most recent band, Deep Dark Robot, Perry was quoted of saying, "I wasn't really a big fan of my band" due to the "fluffy polished bullshit" sound of the 4 Non Blond's only album, Bigger, Better, Faster, More!

1996 - 2001: Solo career / Live appearances

With the band in disarray and the recording contract unfulfilled, Interscope reluctantly allowed Perry to make a solo CD, dropping the rest of the band. Interscope insisted on choosing the album's producer; the production team selected was Bill Bottrell and members of the Tuesday Night Music Club, who had recently produced Sheryl Crow's debut. Released in 1996, ''In Flight'' was an atmospherically appealing work—moody, mellow and, at times, dark, far removed from the 4 Non Blondes sound. The release received critical acclaim but was a poor seller, perhaps due to Interscope's lack of promotion. Linda hooked up with Red Fish, Blue Fish for her world tour, supporting such acts as the Who. She promoted her CD with her own funds, including an appearance on ''The Howard Stern Show,'' during which she participated in "lesbian dial-a-date" and performed her former band's one and only hit single, "What's Up?". Perry also took time out to host and appear at the 1997 and 1998 Bammies (Bay Area Music Awards).

In 1997, Perry took on two new ventures. She produced a film, ''Pink as the Day She Was Born,'' featuring cameos by Les Claypool of Primus and comedian Margaret Cho. Displeased with much of her experience in the music business, she also launched her own record label, Rockstar Records, for the primary purpose of releasing the CD of a band she loved called Stone Fox. In addition to Stone Fox, she signed another local San Francisco band, 2 Lane Blacktop. The year 1998 saw Perry appearing and performing on CNN as part of a special on music and the Internet—how independent artists are cutting out the major labels. In 1999 she released her second solo effort on Rockstar Records entitled ''After Hours.'' For the rest of 1999, she opened for Bryan Adams, reuniting with 4 Non Blondes' bassist Christa Hillhouse, then toured behind ''After Hours,'' with Hillhouse and San Francisco-based drummer Claudia Page.

In 2001 Perry again returned to music and touring. She had written new material and hoped to secure a major label contract. She had decided to take this route because, as an independent artist, most of her time was spent in the office instead of on the stage. During this period, she wrote a handful of songs, two of which, "Beautiful" and "Cruz", would eventually be recorded and appear on Christina Aguilera's hit album ''Stripped.'' In 2001 she closed most of her shows with "Beautiful", a song she hoped would be her own comeback hit.

In 2002 Perry made a rare live performance at the Knitting Factory in Los Angeles, where she performed a set of original music and a set of Zeppelin covers. There she was cheered on by a full house of fans and critics, who witnessed Pink joining her for "Lonely Girl" and Aguilera debuting "Beautiful." Also in 2002, she made an appearance on a solo record of Gordon Gano entitled ''Hitting the Ground,'' performing a song entitled ''So It Goes''.

Perry made a live appearance at a DKNY benefit show in Los Angeles, where she joined Slash on stage for a version of Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love."

2005 marked Perry's first official set performance since 2002's Hollywood Knitting Factory Show. She was a performer at ASCAP's showcase at the Sundance Film Festival.

In August 2006, Perry played piano on Christina Aguilera's performance of "Hurt" at the MTV Video Music Awards.

Perry has signed with indie Kill Rock Stars Records, who re-released her solo album ''In Flight'' in October. Featuring new artwork, the re-release includes original videos for "Fill Me Up" and "Freeway." Additionally, Perry promoted ''In Flight'' with three rare live performances on the west coast with Sierra Swan opening.

In 2008 Linda played guitar in the official video for Christina Aguilera, "Save Me From Myself".

Most recently, Perry has been seen playing live at Halloweenabaloo, which is brought annually as a fundraiser/concert/auction by the Silverlake Conservatory of Music, which was founded by Flea, bassist to the band Red Hot Chili Peppers.

Perry made a live appearance at "Hope For Haiti Now" playing piano while Aguilera premiered a stripped-down version of their song "Lift Me Up". She also made guest appearances on Hole's "Nobody's Daughter" tour and on a concert of the Perry-signed band Little Fish in London.

In May 2010 Perry again hosted the "Evening with Women" at L.A.'s Gay and Lesbian Centre, where she reunited with P!nk for a live duet of Perry's song "What's Up?".

Christina Aguilera invited Perry to her VH1 Storytellers concert in May 2010. Perry played piano to Aguilera's "Beautiful" and talked about the song.

November 5, 2010 Perry appeared live in San Francisco with 4 Non Blondes guitar player Roger Rocha at TwentyFifty (formerly CELLSpace). The appearance celebrated the release of Rocha's album with his band, The Golden Hearts. It was the first time in twenty years that the two had appeared together live. Perry performed a solo set of cover tunes, including Radiohead's "Creep" and Soundgarden's "Black Hole Sun". Perry and Roger Rocha performed one song together, Led Zeppelin's "Communication Breakdown."

2001 - today: Working behind the scenes

In 2000, Perry was contacted by rock-pop singer P!nk, seeking production and songwriting assistance on her second album. Perry commented on the experience in an interview with HitQuarters: "She was this white girl singing R&B; music, and it made absolutely no sense to me why she would call me. So when I got together with her my instinct said, “Don’t go and be an artist again, don’t get another record deal, find out what you can do with her. My manager freaked out when I called her and said, cancel all the showcases!" Perry co-wrote and produced much of Pink's successful album ''Missundaztood,'' which catapulted Perry back into the spotlight as a top producer in the music business. Perry took full writing credits for the songs "Get the Party Started" and "Lonely Girl."

After her success with Pink, Perry's next big project was to provide Christina Aguilera a career makeover with the international hit "Beautiful".

Since then, she has gone on to work with many artists, including Jewel, Courtney Love, Gwen Stefani, Alicia Keys, Celine Dion, Blaque, Sugababes, Lillix, Robbie Williams, Melissa Etheridge, Sierra Swan, Solange Knowles, Gavin Rossdale, Juliette and the Licks, Lisa Marie Presley, Fischerspooner, Unwritten Law, L.P., Kelly Osbourne, James Blunt, Cheap Trick, Ben Jelen, Enrique Iglesias and Giusy Ferreri.

The 2002 Faith Hill album ''Cry'' has a song co-written by Perry and Alecia B. Moore (P!nk).

In 2003, Perry was recognized with two awards by ASCAP (music publishing society) for her songwriting and a Grammy Awards nomination for her song "Beautiful" as a contender for "Song of the Year"; the song received the award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2004 Grammy Awards.

With actress Gina Gershon, she wrote the song "StupidStar" for the movie ''Prey for Rock and Roll.''

With Brooklyn rocker L.P., she co-wrote "The Darkside".

For most of 2004, Perry remained behind the scenes, making another appearance with Camp Freddy, this time at LA's Live 103's Birthday Concert. She again belted some Zeppelin and then joined Lisa Marie Presley on stage for a few songs that they wrote together. Also appearing at the show was Juliette Lewis and Billie Joe Armstrong of Green Day.

The year 2004 also saw the release of Courtney Love's solo ''America's Sweetheart,'' to which Perry heavily contributed. Although the album was mostly overshadowed by Love's turbulent antics, Perry was critically appreciated both by the press and by Love.

A song called "Girls & Boys", which was originally intended for Pink but later recorded by Britney Spears, was released as a bonus track on Spears' European DVD release. The track marked Perry's foray into more electroclash-inspired tunes.

She collaborated with art-dance duo Fischerspooner on a few songs for their upcoming release and ended the year with a few co-writing credits on Gwen Stefani's debut, ''Love. Angel. Music. Baby.'', including the album's first single, "What You Waiting For?" Additionally, her Atlantic-distributed label, Custard Records, was launched to promote two new acts, Sunshine and James Blunt. She produced and played guitar on the recording of Blunt's song "No Bravery."

The year ended with Perry co-writing "Save Me" for Southern Cali punkrockers Unwritten Law, which helped build anticipation for the group's upcoming CD.

Releases for 2005 included Kelly Osbourne's second album, which was written and produced by Perry. The lead track from Osbourne's second album, "One Word", reached the top of the UK and USA dance charts. Unfortunately the song plagiarised Visage's 1980 hit "Fade To Grey" and Perry was forced to credit the writers of that song and pay them royalties.

Perry contributed widely to Christina Aguilera's third studio album Back to Basics, released in 2006. Perry was involved more in the production of the second disc of the album, which featured songs like "Candyman", and "Hurt". Perry co-wrote every song, with Aguilera, on the disc.

2007 saw Perry working with Vanessa Carlton on her third studio album, ''Heroes and Thieves''. She also co-wrote and did session work on many of the songs on Sierra Swan's solo album, ''Ladyland''. A new release from Courtney Love. A fresh collaboration with Hip-Hop chanteuse Kelis, co-writes with Cheap Trick and Ziggy Marley. Production on Ben Jelen's new album; production on Skin's next record. There are also collaborations with The Format on the song "Dead End" from their ''Dog Problems'' album and "Darker Side of The Moon" on Bay Area artist Goapele's ''Change It All'' album, and a couple of songs for the new Enrique Iglesias album.

In 2007 Linda Perry was recognized with an award from the San Francisco chapter of the Recording Academy for her contribution to the world of music. The years 2007 and 2008 saw more tunes written and/or produced by Linda Perry: The Section Quartet, Alicia Keys, Vanessa Carlton, Gina Gershon, and the anticipated release of Courtney Love's second solo record.

In 2008, Perry signed the group Little Fish to her label and began producing their album, titled ''Baffled and Beat'', which was released in August 2010.

In 2009 Perry wrote and produced A Loaded Smile, an airy ballad in full falsetto for the debut album For Your Entertainment by Adam Lambert. Christina Aguilera's fourth studio album, Bionic, released in 2010, included another track, written and produced solely by Linda Perry, titled Lift Me Up.

2010: Return to music through Twitter and new band Deep Dark Robot

Deep Dark Robot

In June 2010, Perry announced on her Facebook and Twitter profiles that she was "going to make an album" with her new band Deep Dark Robot, which she founded with Tony Tornay. The album, ''8 Songs About A Girl'', was promoted with the single "Won't You Be My Girl?". Perry imagined the name Deep Dark Robot as part of an ad-libbed song lyric—"deep dark robot falling in love"—and decided to hang onto the name for her next musical project. The band released the album in March 2011 and began touring. Tour dates included South by Southwest in Austin, TX and Knitting Factory in Brooklyn, NY. Opening acts have included Cassette Kids and Mother Feather.

iPhones sessions

In July, Perry started to publish a set of acoustic cover songs that she recorded with her iPhone. So far she has uploaded recordings of the following songs:

"Mad World" by Tears For Fears

"Just What I Needed" by The Cars

"Creep" by Radiohead

"Maybe I'm Amazed" by Paul McCartney

"Black Hole Sun" by Soundgarden

"The Garden" by Linda Perry

"Lonely Girl" by Pink

"Since You've Been Gone" by Kelly Clarkson

"Hallelujah" by Leonard Cohen

"Starman" by David Bowie

"Ain't No Sunshine" by Bill Withers

"Joey" by Concrete Blonde

"Superstar" by the Carpenters

"Last Train" by Travis

"Communication Breakdown" by Led Zeppelin

"Crimson and Clover" by Tommy James & Peter Lucia

"Pray for Forgiveness" by Alicia Keys

"Seasons of the Abyss" by Slayer

"Oh My Love" by John Lennon

"Angie" by The Rolling Stones

On her Facebook account she wrote: "Iphone sessions are me sitting at my piano an recording song into iphone voice memo. Then I post it. very simple enjoy :)"

Discography

Solo works

Albums

''In Flight'' (1995), Interscope Records (September 16, 1996)

''After Hours'' (1999), Rockstar Records (February 20, 1999)

''In Flight'' (2005), re-released by Custard Records and Kill Rock Stars

''8 Songs About A Girl'' (2011), as Deep Dark Robot, Custard Records (March 22, 2011)

Compilation Credits

Soundtracks

''The Crow: City Of Angels'' (1996), Hollywood Records (August 30, 1996)

"Knock Me Out" Linda Perry (featuring Grace Slick)

Production and songwriting

Other Appearances

''Susanna Hoffs'' by ''Susanna Hoffs'' (1996):

"Weak With Love" Guitar and Backing Vocals by Linda Perry

''M!ssundaztood'' by ''P!nk'' (2001)

"Lonely Girl" featuring Linda Perry

''Hitting the Ground'' by ''Gordon Gano'' (2002), Instinct Records (August 19, 2002):

"So It Goes" Music and Lyrics by Gordon Gano, Vocals by Linda Perry also featuring ''Frank Ferrer''

''Prey for Rock & Roll'' (OST) by Various Artists (2003)

"Stupid Star" performed by Gina Gershon, Linda Perry & Patty Schemel

''Odyssey'' by ''Fischerspooner'' (2005)

"Happy" Additional Vocals by Linda Perry

''Back To Basics'' by ''Christina Aguilera'' (2006)

"Enter The Circus" performed by Linda Perry (uncredited)

''Plain Girl, Wild Love'' by ''Planet Swan'' (2007)

"Chompin' On A Bit" performed by Planet Swan featuring Linda Perry & Sierra Swan

''Fuzzbox'' by ''The Section Quartet'' (2007)

"Paranoid Android" Operatic Vocals by Linda Perry

''Cheat The Gallows'' by ''Bigelf'' (2008)

"Superstar" & "Race With Time" Backing Vocals by Linda Perry

''Under The Radar'' by ''Daniel Powter'' (2008)

''Gravity'' by ''Nico Vega'' (2009)

''Wooden Dolls'' by ''Nico Vega'' (2009)

''So So Fresh'' by ''Nico Vega'' (2009)

"Am I Still The One?" performed by Daniel Powter with Linda Perry

Singles produced or written by Linda Perry

Year	Song	Artist	Chart Position
			! width="36"	! width="36"	! width="36"	! width="36"	! width="36"
2001	"Get the Party Started"
2002		Christina Aguilera
		Lillix	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
	"What You Waiting For?"	Gwen Stefani
	Courtney Love	align="center"
	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
	"One Word"	Kelly Osbourne
"Idiot"	Lisa Marie Presley	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
"Save Me (Wake Up Call)"	Unwritten Law	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
"Redlight"	Kelly Osbourne	align="center"
	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
	"Wonderful Life"	Gwen Stefani	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
"Perfect Stranger"	Cheap Trick	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
	Christina Aguilera
"Nothing But"		align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
		Christina Aguilera
"Where Do We Go"	Ben Jelen	align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
align="center"
		Alicia Keys				align="center"
"Keeps Gettin' Better"	Christina Aguilera
	"La Scala (The Ladder)"	Giusy Ferreri

Awards

2004 - Grammy Award for Song of the Year-Nominated

References

External links

Linda Perry's Official Site

Linda Perry's Myspace

Linda Perry's label Custard Records

Linda Perry's new band Deep Dark Robot on myspace

Interview, HitQuarters Jan 2006

Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:American female guitarists Category:American female singers Category:American record producers Category:American rock singers Category:Songwriters from Massachusetts Category:American vegetarians Category:American people of Brazilian descent Category:Custard Records artists Category:Female rock singers Category:Lesbian musicians Category:LGBT musicians from the United States Category:Musicians from Massachusetts Category:People from Springfield, Massachusetts Category:American people of Portuguese descent Category:A&R; people

de:Linda Perry es:Linda Perry fa:لیندا پری fr:Linda Perry it:Linda Perry nl:Linda Perry pl:Linda Perry pt:Linda Perry ro:Linda Perry ru:Перри, Линда fi:Linda Perry uk:Лінда Перрі

This is a list of people whose names in English are commonly appended with the phrase "''the Great''", or who were called that or an equivalent phrase in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes such as ''e Bozorg'' and ''e azam'' in Persian and Urdu respectively.

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to be a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King". This title was first used by the conqueror Cyrus II of Persia.

The Persian title was inherited by Alexander III of Macedon (336–323 BC) when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet "Great" eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference (in a comedy by Plautus) assumes that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no earlier evidence that Alexander III of Macedon was called "''the Great''".

The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus the Great (223–187 BC).

Later rulers and commanders began to use the epithet "the Great" as a personal name, like the Roman general Pompey. Others received the surname retrospectively, like the Carthaginian Hanno and the Indian emperor Ashoka the Great. Once the surname gained currency, it was also used as an honorific surname for people without political careers, like the philosopher Albert the Great.

As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of later generations in using the designation greatly varies. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "The Great" in his lifetime but is rarely called such nowadays, while Frederick II of Prussia is still called "The Great". A later Hohenzollern - Wilhelm I - was often called "The Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely later.

Rulers

Abbas I of Persia (1571–1629), Shah of Iran

Akbar (1542–1605), ruler of the Mughal Empire of South Asia, mainly India

Alain I of Albret (1440–1522), French aristocrat

Alexander the Great (356-323 BC), King of Macedonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt, and all of Mesopotamia

Alexander I of Georgia (1386–1446), King of Georgia

Alfonso III of León (c. 848-910), King of León, Galicia and Asturias

Alfred the Great (848/849-899), King of Wessex

Antiochus III the Great (c. 241–187 BC), ruler of the Seleucid Empire

Ashoka the Great (c. 304–232 BC), Indian emperor of the Maurya dynasty

Ashot I of Iberia “the Great”(died 826/830), presiding prince of Iberia (modern Georgia),

Askia Mohammad I (c. 1442–1538), ruler of the Songhai Empire

Bhumibol Adulyadej (born 1927), King of Thailand

Bolesław I Chrobry (967-1025), sometimes called "the Great", first King of Poland

Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the following section)

Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke (1736–1809), founder and ruler of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (in what is now Thailand)

Cnut the Great (c. 985 or 995-1035), King of Denmark, England, Norway and parts of Sweden

Casimir III the Great (1310–1370), King of Poland

Catherine the Great (1729–1796), Empress of Russia

Chandragupta II (reigned 375-413/415), also known as Vikramaditya, ruler of the Gupta empire in India

Charlemagne (died 814), King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans

Chulalongkorn (1853–1910), King of Siam (now Thailand)

Chlothar II (584-629), King of Neustria and King of the Franks

Conrad, Margrave of Meissen (c. 1097-1157), Margrave of Meissen

Constantine I (c. 272-337), Roman emperor

Cyaxares the Great (c. 625-585 BC), third king of Media

Cyrus the Great (c. 600 BC or 576 BC–530 BC), founder and ruler of the Persian or Achaemenid Empire

Darius the Great (550 – 486 BC), third ruler of the Persian Empire

Devapala (died 850), ruler of the Pala Empire in the Indian subcontinent

Dionysius I, Greek tyrant of Syracuse

Ferdinand I of León and Castile (c. 1015–1065), King of León and Count of Castile

Frederick the Great (1712–1786), King of Prussia

Genghis Khan (1162?-1227), founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire

Gero (c. 900–965), ruler of Marca Geronis, a very large march in Europe

Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden (1594–1632), King of Sweden, founder of the Swedish Empire, and noted military leader

Gwanggaeto the Great, King of Goguryeo, one of the Three Kingdoms of Korea

Hanno the Great, the name of three leaders of Carthage, in the 4th, 3rd, and 2nd centuries BC

Henry I, Duke of Burgundy (946–1002)

Henry IV of France (1553–1610), King of France and King of Navarre

Herod the Great (73/74 BC-4 BC), King of Judea

Hugh the Great (898-956), Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris

Hugh Magnus of France (1007–1025), co-King of France

Hugh I, Count of Vermandois (1057–1101)

Humphrey I de Bohun (died c. 1123), Anglo-Norman aristocrat

Ivan III of Russia (1440–1505), Tsar of Russia

John I of Portugal (1358–1433), King of Portugal and the Algarve

John II of Aragon (1398–1479), King of Aragon and, through his wife, King of Navarre

Justinian I (483-565), Byzantine Emperor

Kamehameha I (c. 1758-1819), first King of Hawai'i

Kanishka (died c. 127), ruler of the Kushan Empire in Central Asia and parts of India

Kvirike III of Kakheti (1010–1029), King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia

Kublai Khan (1215–1294), Mongol ruler in the 13th century and Emperor of China; founder of the Yuan Dynasty

Llywelyn the Great (c. 1172–1240), Prince of Gwynedd and de facto ruler of most of Wales

Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382), King of Hungary, Croatia and Poland

Mangrai the Great (1238–1317), Lanna, northern Thailand

Emperor Meiji (1852–1912), Emperor of Japan

Mircea I of Wallachia (1355–1418)

Mithridates II of Parthia (died 88 BC), ruler of the Parthian Empire (in present day Iran)

Mithridates VI of Pontus (134 BC–63 BC), ruler of Pontus and the Bosporan Kingdom

Mstislav I of Kiev (1076–1132), Grand Prince of Kievan Rus

Narai (1633–1688), King of Ayutthaya (in what is now modern Thailand)

Naresuan (1555–1605), King of Ayutthaya

Odo the Great (died c. 735), Duke of Aquitaine

Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (912-973)

K'inich Janaab' Pakal (603-683), ruler of the Mayan city-state of Palenque

Parakramabahu I of Polonnaruwa (1123–1186), King of Sri Lanka

Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (died 1075), King of Croatia

Peter the Great (1672–1725), Tsar of Russia

Peter III of Aragon (1239–1285), King of Aragon and King of Sicily

Pompey (106 BC-48 BC), military and political leader of the late Roman Republic, rival of Julius Caesar

Radama I (1793–1828), first king of greater Madagascar

Raja Raja Chola I (c. 947-1014), Indian emperor of the Cholas.

Rajendra Chola I (reigned 1014–1044), Tamil King of India

Ramesses II (reigned 1279 BC – 1213 BC), considered the greatest pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Ram Khamhaeng (around 1237 to 1247-1298), King of Sukhothai (in present day Thailand)

Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona (1082–1131), also Count of Provence and various other counties

Rhodri the Great (c. 820–878), King of Gwynedd (in present day Wales)

Roman the Great (after 1160-1205), Grand Prince of Kiev

Saladin (c. 1138-1193), Kurdish Sultan of Egypt and Syria, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, and victor over the Crusaders

Samudragupta (c. 335–375), ruler of the Gupta empire in the Indian subcontinent

Sancho III of Navarre (c. 992-1035), King of Kingdom of Navarre

Sargon of Akkad (died c. 2215 BC), ruler of the Akkadian Empire

Sejong the Great (1397–1450), Korean king

Shapur II (309-379), king of the Sassanid Empire, Persia

Simeon I of Bulgaria (864/865-927), ruler of the First Bulgarian Empire

Stephen III of Moldavia (1433–1504), Prince of Moldavia (Romania)

Stephen Uroš IV Dušan of Serbia (c. 1308-1355), King of Serbia and Emperor of the Serbs and Greeks

Taksin (1734–1782), King of the Thonburi Kingdom (Thailand)

Timur (1336–1405), better known as Tamerlane, founder of the Timurid Dynasty

Theobald II, Count of Champagne (1090–1151), Count of Blois and of Chartres as Theobald IV, Count of Champagne and of Brie

Theodoric the Great (454-526), King of the Ostrogoths, regent of the Visigoths and a viceroy of the Byzantine Empire

Theodosius I (347-395), Roman emperor

Tigranes the Great (140-55 BC), Emperor of Armenia

Tiridates III of Armenia (285-339), King of Armenia

Umar (c. 586 to 590–644), second caliph of the Muslim Empire

Valdemar I of Denmark (1131–1182), King of Denmark

Valentinian I (364-375), Roman Emperor

Vladimir I of Kiev (c. 958-1015), ruler of Kievan Rus

Vytautas (c. 1350-1430), archduke of the Lithuanian Grand Duchy

William I, Count of Burgundy (1020–1087), Count of Burgandy and Mâcon

William V, Duke of Aquitaine (969-1030), also Count of Poitou

Xerxes I (519-465 BC), King of Kings of the Achaemenid Empire (Persia)

Yu the Great (c. 2200-2100 BC), legendary ruler in ancient China

Religious figures

Abraham the Great of Kashkar (ca. 492-586), monk and saint of the Assyrian Church of the East

Abraham Kidunaia (died c. 366, hermit, priest, and Christian saint of Mesopotamia

Albertus Magnus (1193/1206–1280), medieval German philosopher and theologian

Anthony the Great (c. 251–356), early Christian saint of Egypt

Babai the Great (c. 551–628), Assyrian church leader

Basil of Caesarea (330-379), Greek bishop and theologian

Bruno the Great (925–965), Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia (also listed in the previous section)

Euthymius the Great (377-473), abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint

Gertrude the Great (1256-c. 1302), German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint

Pope Gregory I (c. 540-604)

Hiyya the Great, 3rd-century rabbi, Palestine

Pope John Paul II (1920–2005)

Pope Leo I (c. 391 or 400-461)

Macarius of Egypt (c. 300-391), Egyptian hermit

Pope Nicholas I (c. 800-867)

Photius I of Constantinople (c. 810–c. 893), Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople

William of Maleval (died 1157), founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites

Other

Beli Mawr, a figure in medieval Welsh literature and genealogies

Emmy the Great, folk singer

Matteo Rosso the Great, Roman politician and father of Pope Nicholas III

Prokop the Great, Hussite general in Bohemia

See also

Epithet

List of monarchs by nickname

List of nicknames of European Royalty and Nobility: G-I

James, son of Zebedee, also known as James the Greater, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus

Ajax (mythology), called Ajax the Greater

Notes

Category:Monarchs Great, List of people known as The Category:Greatest Nationals Category:Epithets

bs:Spisak osoba znanih kao Veliki id:Daftar tokoh dengan gelar yang Agung jv:Daftar pamimpin ingkang dipun paringi julukan Ingkang Agung la:Magnus lt:Sąrašas:Žmonės, vadinami Didžiaisiais ja:称号に大が付く人物の一覧 ru:Великий (прозвище) sl:Seznam ljudi z vzdevkom Veliki sv:Lista över personer kallade den store th:รายพระนามกษัตริย์ที่ได้รับสมัญญานามมหาราช vi:Đại đế

Name	Marty Balin
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Martyn Jerel Buchwald
Birth date	January 30, 1942
Origin	Cincinnati, Ohio
Instrument	Vocals, Guitar
Genre	Psychedelic rock, Folk rock, Pop rock, Acid rock
Occupation	Musician, Singer-songwriter
Years active	1965—present
Label	Challenge, EMI, GWE
Associated acts	Jefferson Airplane, KBC Band, Jefferson Starship
Notable instruments	}}

Marty Balin (born Martyn Jerel Buchwald, January 30, 1942) is an American musician. He is best known as the founder and one of the lead singers of the psychedelic rock band Jefferson Airplane.

Early life

Martyn Buchwald was born in Cincinnati, Ohio. He is mildly autistic, and as a child he struggled with this while growing up in Ohio, and it affected him into his adulthood.

Career

In 1962, Martyn renamed himself Marty Balin and began recording with Challenge Records, releasing the singles "Nobody But You" and "I Specialize in Love". By 1963-64, Balin was leading a folk music quartet called The Town Criers, with fellow band members Larry Vargo, Jan Ellickson and Bill Collins.

Balin was the founder and one of the lead vocalists for Jefferson Airplane from 1965 to 1971.

In 1971, he departed Jefferson Airplane and produced an album for the group Grootna before joining them and recording vocals for the album ''Bodacious DF''. In 1974, Paul Kantner asked Marty to write a song for his new Airplane offshoot group, Jefferson Starship and together they wrote "Caroline" which appeared on the album ''Dragon Fly''. Marty joined Jefferson Starship permanently in 1975, and contributed to several hit songs (including "Miracles" (#12), "With Your Love" (#3), "Count on Me" (#8), and "Runaway" (#12). In 1978, Balin left the group.

In 1979, he produced a rock opera entitled "Rock Justice," about a rock-star who was put in jail for failing to produce a hit for the record company based on his experiences with the lawsuits fought for years with former Airplane manager Matthew Katz. The cast recording was produced by Balin but did not feature him in performance.

Balin continued with EMI as a solo artist and in 1981, he released his first solo album, ''Balin'', featuring two Top 40 hits, "Hearts" (#8) and "Atlanta Lady" (#27). This was followed in 1983 by a second solo album, ''Lucky'', along with a Japanese-only EP produced by EMI called ''There's No Shoulder''. ''Lucky'' did not match the performance of ''Balin'' on the Billboard charts, and Balin's contract with EMI ended.

In 1985, he teamed up with Paul Kantner and Jack Casady to form the KBC Band. After the breakup of the KBC band, a 1989 reunion album and tour with Jefferson Airplane followed.

Balin continued recording solo albums in the years following the reunion and reunited with Kantner in the latest incarnation of Jefferson Starship.

Balin had intended to record lead vocals for two tracks for Jefferson Starship's album, ''Jefferson's Tree of Liberty''. However, his art touring schedule conflicted with studio sessions and instead the track "Maybe for You" from the German release of ''Windows of Heaven'' was included.

On July 2, 2007, music publishing firm Bicycle Music, Inc. announced that it acquired an interest in songs written or performed by Balin, including hits from his days with Jefferson Airplane and Jefferson Starship.

Personal life

His wife, Karen T. Deal, died on November 19, 2010, in Temple Terrace, Florida, after choking on food. She was 57 years old. He has two daughters - Jennifer and Delaney Mariah Skye.

Discography

;Solo albums

''Balin'' (1981) (includes the single, "Hearts")

''Lucky'' (1983)

''There's No Shoulder EP'' (1983) (Japan only)

''Better Generation'' (1991)

''Freedom Flight'' (1997)

''Marty Balin Greatest Hits'' (1999) (All New Recordings)

''Marty Balin 2003'' (2003)

''Nashville Sessions'' (2008)

''Nothin' 2 Lose'' (2009)

''Time For Every Season'' (2009)

;Compilation albums

''Balince'' (1990)

''Wish I Were'' (1995) (German - Beverly Records/AMMC International)

''The Aviator - Lost Treasures'' (2005)

;with Jefferson Airplane

''Jefferson Airplane Takes Off'' (1966)

''Surrealistic Pillow'' (1967)

''After Bathing at Baxter's'' (1967)

''Crown of Creation'' (1968)

''Bless Its Pointed Little Head'' (1969)

''Volunteers'' (1969)

''Early Flight'' (1974)

''Jefferson Airplane'' (1989)

;with Bodacious DF

''Bodacious DF'' (1973)

;with Jefferson Starship

''Dragon Fly'' (1974)

''Red Octopus'' (1975)

''Spitfire'' (1976)

''Earth'' (1978)

''Deep Space / Virgin Sky'' (1995)

''Windows of Heaven'' (1999)

''Across the Sea of Suns'' (2001)

''Jefferson's Tree of Liberty'' (2008)

;with KBC Band

''KBC Band'' (1986)

References

External links

Official website

Balin at the Jefferson Airplane official website

[ Allmusic: Marty Balin]

Tamarkin, Jeff. Jefferson Airplane biography, ''Got a Revolution.com''

Fenton, Craig. Jefferson Airplane Flight Manual, ''Take Me To A Circus Tent.net''

Interview with Balin

Category:1942 births Category:Living people Category:American male singers Category:American rock singers Category:Musicians from Cincinnati, Ohio Category:Jefferson Airplane members Category:Jefferson Starship members Category:People on the autistic spectrum Category:Psychedelic rock musicians

bg:Марти Балин de:Marty Balin es:Marty Balin fr:Marty Balin it:Marty Balin he:מרטי באלין hu:Marty Balin no:Marty Balin nn:Marty Balin pl:Marty Balin pt:Marty Balin sv:Marty Balin

name	David Crosby
background	solo_singer
birth name	David Van Cortlandt Crosby
born	August 14, 1941Los Angeles, California, U.S.
instrument	VocalsGuitar
genre	Folk rockRock
occupation	SingerSongwriter
years active	1963–present
label	Atlantic, A&M;, Rhino
associated acts	The Byrds Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young CPR
website	CrosbyCPR.com
notable instruments	}}

David Van Cortlandt Crosby (born August 14, 1941) is an American guitarist, singer, and songwriter. In addition to his solo career, he was a founding member of three bands: The Byrds, Crosby, Stills & Nash (who are sometimes augmented by Neil Young), and CPR. Crosby is a member of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame for his work in The Byrds and CSN.

Musical career

Early years

David Crosby was born in Los Angeles, California. His parents were Aliph Van Cortlandt Whitehead and Floyd Crosby, an Academy Award winning cinematographer. He is also the younger brother of musician Ethan Crosby. Growing up in California, he attended several schools, including the University Elementary School in Los Angeles, the Crane Country Day School in Montecito, and Laguna Blanca School in Santa Barbara for the rest of his elementary school and junior high. At Crane, he starred in ''HMS Pinafore'' and other musicals but was asked not to return due to lack of academic progress. He graduated from the Cate School in Carpinteria, completing his studies by correspondence. In 1960, his parents divorced, and his father was remarried to Betty Christie Crosby.

Crosby also attended Santa Barbara City College. Originally, he was a drama student, but dropped out to pursue a career in music. He moved toward the same Greenwich Village scene (as a member of the Les Baxter's Balladeers) Bob Dylan participated in, and even shared a mentor of Bob Dylan's in a local scene favorite Fred Neil. With the help of producer Jim Dickson, Crosby cut his first solo session in 1963.

The Byrds

Crosby joined Jim McGuinn (who later changed his name to Roger) and Gene Clark, who were then named the Jet Set (although there is no evidence that they ever performed under that name). They were augmented by drummer Michael Clarke, at which point Crosby attempted to play bass unsuccessfully. Late in 1964, Chris Hillman joined as bassist, and Crosby relieved Gene Clark of rhythm guitar duties. Through connections that Jim Dickson (The Byrds' manager) had with Bob Dylan's publisher, the band obtained a demo acetate disc of Dylan's "Mr. Tambourine Man" and recorded a cover version of the song, featuring McGuinn's 12 string guitar as well as McGuinn, Crosby and Clark's vocal harmonizing. The song turned into a massive hit, soaring to #1 in the charts in the U.S. and the U.K. during 1965. While Roger McGuinn originated The Byrds' trademark 12 string guitar sound (which he in turn took from George Harrison on "A Hard Day's Night"), Crosby was responsible for the soaring harmonies and often unusual phrasing on their songs.

In 1966, Gene Clark, who then was the band's primary songwriter, left the group due to stress. This placed all the group's songwriting responsibilities in the hands of McGuinn, Crosby, and Hillman. Crosby took the opportunity to hone his craft, and soon blossomed into a prolific and talented songwriter. His early Byrds efforts included the classic 1966 hit "Eight Miles High" (to which he contributed one line, while Clark and McGuinn wrote the rest), and its flip side "Why", co-written with McGuinn, which showed Crosby at his hard-edged best.

Crosby is widely credited with popularizing the song "Hey Joe", after he picked it up from Dino Valente. He taught the song to Bryan MacLean and Arthur Lee of Love, who then taught it to members of The Leaves. Since he felt responsible for having popularized the song, Crosby convinced the other members of the Byrds to cover it on ''Fifth Dimension''. By ''Younger Than Yesterday'', the Byrds' album of 1967, Crosby clearly began to find his trademark style.

Friction between Crosby and the other Byrds came to a head in mid-1967. Tensions were high after the famous Monterey Pop Festival in June, when Crosby's on-stage political diatribes between songs elicited rancor from McGuinn and Hillman. The next night he further annoyed his bandmates when, at the invitation of Stephen Stills, he substituted for an absent Neil Young during Buffalo Springfield’s set. The internal conflict boiled over during recording of ''The Notorious Byrd Brothers'' album in August and September. Differences over song selections led to arguments, with Crosby being particularly adamant that the band should record only original material. McGuinn and Hillman dismissed Crosby in mid-September, after he refused to participate in the recording session of the Goffin and King song "Goin' Back". Crosby's controversial menage-a-trois ode "Triad", recorded by the band before his dismissal, was left off the album. Jefferson Airplane recorded "Triad" and released it on their album ''Crown of Creation'' in 1968. David Crosby sang a solo acoustic version on Crosby, Stills, Nash and Young's 1971 double live album ''Four Way Street''. The Byrds' version appeared decades later on the 1988 ''Never Before'' release and is now available on the CD re-release of ''Notorious Byrd Brothers''.

In 1973 Crosby reunited with the original Byrds for the album ''Byrds'', with Crosby acting as the record's producer. The album failed to be a critical or commercial success, and marked the final artistic collaboration of the original band.

Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young

Around the time of Crosby's firing, he met a recently unemployed Stephen Stills at a party at the home of (Mama) Cass Elliot in California in March 1968, and the two started meeting informally together and jamming. They were soon joined by Graham Nash, who left his commercially successful group The Hollies to play with Crosby and Stills. Remarkably, their appearance at the Woodstock Music and Art Fair in August 1969 constituted their second live performance ever.

Their first album, ''Crosby, Stills & Nash'' of 1969 was an immediate hit, spawning two Top 40 hit singles and receiving key airplay on the new FM radio format, in its early days populated by unfettered disc jockeys who then had the option of playing entire albums at once.

The songs he wrote while with CSN include "Guinnevere", "Almost Cut My Hair," "Long Time Gone," and "Delta". He also co-wrote "Wooden Ships" with Paul Kantner of Jefferson Airplane and Stephen Stills.

In 1969, Neil Young joined the group, and with him they recorded the album ''Déjà Vu'', which went to number 1 on the charts. That same year, Crosby's longtime girlfriend Christine Hinton was killed in a car accident only days after Hinton, Crosby, and fellow girlfriend Debbie Donovan moved from Los Angeles to the Bay Area. Crosby was devastated, and he began abusing drugs much more severely than he had before. Nevertheless, he still managed to contribute "Almost Cut My Hair" and the title track "Déjà Vu". After the release of the double live album ''Four Way Street'', the group went on a temporary hiatus to focus on their respective solo careers.

In December 1969, David appeared with CSNY at the Altamont Free Concert, increasing his visibility after also having performed at Monterey Pop and Woodstock. At the beginning of the new decade, he briefly joined with Jerry Garcia, Phil Lesh and Mickey Hart from the Grateful Dead, billed as "David and the Dorks," and making a live recording at the Matrix on December 15, 1970.

CSNY reunited in 1973 at the Winterland in San Francisco. This served as a prelude to their highly successful stadium tour in the summer of 1974. Prior to the tour, the foursome attempted to record a new album entitled ''Human Highway''. The recording session, which took place at Neil Young's ranch, was very unpleasant, and marked by constant bickering. The bickering eventually became too much, and the album was cancelled.

In rehearsals for the 1974 tour, CSNY recorded a then-unreleased David Crosby song, "Little Blind Fish." A different version of the song would appear on the second CPR album more than two decades later.

The 1974 tour was also full of constant bickering, though they managed to finish it without interruption. A greatest hits compilation entitled ''So Far'' was released during 1974 to capitalize on the foursome's reunion tour.

In 1976, as separate duos, Crosby & Nash and Stills & Young were both working on respective albums and contemplated retooling their work to produce a CSNY album. This attempt ended bitterly as Stills and Young deleted Crosby and Nash's vocals from their album ''Long May You Run''.

CSNY would not perform together again as a foursome until Live Aid in Philadelphia in 1985, and then performed only sporadically in the 1980s and '90s (mainly at the annual Bridge School Benefit organized by Young's wife Pegi). Without Young, however, Crosby, Stills & Nash has performed much more consistently since its reformation in 1977. The trio toured in support of their 1977 and 1982 albums ''CSN'' and ''Daylight Again'' and then, starting in the late-eighties, has toured regularly year after year. And while the group has continued to perform live to the present day, since 1982 it has released only four albums of new material: ''American Dream'' (1988, with Young), ''Live It Up'' (1990), ''After The Storm'' (1994), and ''Looking Forward'' (1999, with Young). In addition Crosby & Nash released the self-titled album ''Crosby & Nash'' in 2004.

Fullscale CSNY tours took place in 2000, 2002 and 2006.

Crosby, Stills and Nash appeared together on a 2008 episode of ''The Colbert Report'', and "Neil Young" joined them during the musical performance at the end of the episode. However, eventually, it became clear that it was only Stephen Colbert impersonating Young as the group sang ''Teach Your Children''.

Solo career

In 1971, Crosby released his first solo album ''If I Could Only Remember My Name'', featuring contributions by Nash, Young, Joni Mitchell, and members of Jefferson Airplane, the Grateful Dead, and Santana. Panned on release by ''Rolling Stone'', it has been reappraised amid the emergence of the freak folk and New Weird America movements and remains in print.

As a duo Crosby and Graham Nash have released four studio albums and two live albums including ''Another Stoney Evening'', which features the duo in a 1971 acoustic performance with no supporting band. Some Crosby songs recorded by the various permutations of CSN in the 1970s include "Where Will I Be?", "Carry Me", "Bittersweet", "Low Down Payment", "Homeward Through the Haze", "Time After Time", "Foolish Man", and "In My Dreams". During the mid-70s, Crosby and Nash enjoyed lucrative careers as session musicians, with both performers (as a duo and respectively) contributing harmonies and background vocals to albums by Joni Mitchell, Jackson Browne (whom Crosby had initially championed as an emerging performer), Dave Mason, Rick Roberts, James Taylor (most notably "Lighthouse" and "Mexico"), Art Garfunkel, J.D. Souther, Carole King, Elton John, and Gary Wright.

Renewing his ties to the San Francisco milieu that had abetted so well on his solo album, Crosby sang back up vocals on several Paul Kantner and Grace Slick albums between 1971 and 1974 and the Hot Tuna album ''Burgers'' in 1972. He also participated in composer Ned Lagin’s proto-ambient project ''Seastones'' along with members of the Grateful Dead and Jefferson Starship.

Crosby worked with Phil Collins occasionally from the late 1980s to the early 1990s; he sang backup to Collins in "Another Day in Paradise" and, on his own 1993 song, "Hero", from his album ''Thousand Roads'', he had Collins singing backup. In 1999, he appeared on ''Return of the Grievous Angel: A Tribute to Gram Parsons'', singing a duet of the title track with Lucinda Williams.

In 2006 Crosby worked with David Gilmour on his third solo album ''On an Island'' along with Nash. The album was released in March 2006 and reached #1 quickly on the UK charts. Both Crosby and Nash also performed live with Gilmour in his concert at the Royal Albert Hall in London in May 2006 and toured together in the USA, which can be seen on Gilmour's 2007 DVD "Remember That Night".

CPR

In 1996, Crosby formed CPR or Crosby, Pevar & Raymond with session guitarist Jeff Pevar, and pianist James Raymond, Crosby's son. The group released two studio albums and two live albums before disbanding in 2004.

The first song that Crosby and Raymond co-wrote, "Morrison", was performed live for the first time in January 1997. The song recalled Crosby's feelings about the portrayal of Jim Morrison in the movie ''The Doors''. The success of the 1997 tour spawned a record project, ''Live at Cuesta College'', which was released in March 1998.

After the disbandment in 2004, Raymond continues to perform with Crosby as part of the touring bands for Crosby & Nash and Crosby, Stills & Nash. Jeff Pevar sometimes tours with the re-formed Jefferson Starship.

Other activities

Acting career

During the early 1990s, he appeared as a guest star in several episodes of ''The John Larroquette Show'', where he played the part of John Hemingway's AA sponsor. He appeared on an episode of ''Roseanne'' as the singer husband of one of Roseanne's co-workers, played by Bonnie Bramlett. He sang the Danny Sheridan composition "Roll On Down" on that episode. He was on an episode of ''Ellen'' called "Ellen Unplugged," where he was helping out at the Rock and Roll Fantasy Camp. He also appeared as a pirate in the 1991 film ''Hook'', as a '70s Hippie in the 1991 film ''Backdraft,'' and as a bartender in the 1992 feature film, ''Thunderheart''.

Crosby has also voiced himself on two episodes of ''The Simpsons'', "Marge in Chains" and "Homer's Barbershop Quartet".

Medical issues

Crosby was the recipient of a highly publicized liver transplant in 1995. News of his transplant created some controversy because of his celebrity status and his past issues with drug and alcohol addiction.

Crosby suffers from obesity, has type 2 diabetes and is being treated with insulin to manage this disease.

At a concert in October 2008, Crosby, looking quite thinner than in recent years, announced to the audience that he'd recently shed 55 pounds.

Drugs charges and prison time

In 1982, after appearing in criminal courts facing several drugs and weapons charges, Crosby spent 9 months in Texas prisons. The drug charges stemmed from charges related to possession of heroin and cocaine. In 1985, David Crosby, on probation for drunken driving, was arrested for hit-and-run driving and possession of a concealed pistol and drug paraphernalia. Crosby was arrested after driving into a fence in a Marin County suburb and officers found a .45-caliber pistol and cocaine in his car.

One of his famous stories is that while being interviewed, after being arrested, the reporter asked him: "Why did you have a gun?" Crosby responded, "John Lennon, man" and replied the same to each subsequent question.

On March 7, 2004, he was charged with criminal possession of a weapon in the third degree, illegal possession of a hunting knife, illegal possession of ammunition and illegal possession of about 1 ounce of marijuana. Crosby left said items behind in his hotel room. "Authorities said a hotel employee searched the suitcase for identification and found about an ounce of marijuana, rolling papers, two knives and a .45-caliber pistol. Mr. Crosby was arrested when he returned to the hotel to pick up his bag." After spending 12 hours in jail, he was released on $3500 bail. On July 4, 2004, he pleaded guilty to "attempted criminal possession of a weapon," was fined $5,000 and given no jail time. "Prosecutors did not seek a more severe penalty on the weapons charge because the pistol was registered in California and was stowed safely in his luggage when it was found. A charge of "unlawful possession of marijuana" was dismissed. "Mr. Crosby was discharged by the court on condition that he pay his fine and not get arrested again."

Family

Two of Crosby's children were placed for adoption, a son James Raymond in 1962 and a daughter Erika Keller in 1966. He has been reunited with both of them as adults. Since 1997 Raymond has performed with Crosby on stage and in the studio, as a member of CPR and as part of the touring bands for Crosby & Nash and Crosby, Stills & Nash.

Crosby has two other children. He has a daughter, Donovan Crosby, with girlfriend Debbie Donovan. After extensive fertility treatments while Crosby's liver was failing, he and wife Jan Dance conceived son Django Crosby.

He is married to Jan Dance but had a number of long-term relationships, including those with Christine Hinton, Debbie Donovan and Joni Mitchell.

In January 2000, Melissa Etheridge announced that Crosby was the biological father of two children Julie Cypher gave birth to by means of artificial insemination. At the time, Etheridge and Cypher were in a relationship.

Crosby's brother Ethan, who taught him to play guitar and started his musical career with him, committed suicide in late 1997 or early 1998. The date is unknown because Ethan left a note not to search for his body and let him return to the earth. His body was found months later in May 1998.

Discography

::''See also discographies for Crosby Stills Nash & Young, The Byrds, and Crosby & Nash.''

Date of release	Title		RIAA Certifications	Label	Information
February 22, 1971	''If I Could Only Remember My Name''	#12	Gold	Atlantic Records	Studio
January 23, 1989	''Oh Yes I Can''	#104		A&M; Records	Studio
May 4, 1993	''Thousand Roads''	#133		Atlantic	Studio
January 24, 1995	''It's All Coming Back To Me Now...''			Atlantic	Live
August 27, 1996				King Biscuit Records	Live
November 21, 2006	''Voyage Box Set''			Rhino Records	Compilation

With CPR

Date of release	Title		RIAA Certifications	Label	Information
March 1998	''Live at Cuesta College''			Samson Music	Live
June 23, 1998				Samson Music	Studio
September 21, 1999				Samson Music	Live
June 19, 2001	''Just Like Gravity''			Gold Circle Records	Studio

References

Notes

External links

David Crosby/CPR

Crosby-Nash

CSN Official Site

CSNY Official Site

4WaySite - CSNY Fan-site

Category:1941 births Category:Living people Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:American male singers Category:American rock guitarists Category:American rock singer-songwriters Category:American people of Welsh descent Category:The Byrds members Category:Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young members Category:Musicians from California Category:Organ transplant recipients Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:MusiCares Person of the Year Honorees

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