Seamanship is the art of operating a ship or boat.

It involves a knowledge of a variety of topics and development of specialised skills including: navigation and international maritime law; weather, meteorology and forecasting; watchstanding; ship-handling and small boat handling; operation of deck equipment, anchors and cables; ropework and line handling; communications; sailing; engines; execution of evolutions such as towing; cargo handling equipment, dangerous cargoes and cargo storage; dealing with emergencies; survival at sea and search and rescue; fire fighting.

The degree of knowledge needed within these areas is dependent upon the nature of the work and the type of vessel employed by a mariner. However, the practice of good seamanship should be the goal of all.

Navigation

More than just finding a vessel's present location, safe navigation includes predicting future location, route planning and collision avoidance. Nautical navigation in western nations, like air navigation, is based on the nautical mile

Ship-handling

.]] A fundamental skill of professional seamanship is being able to maneuver a vessel with accuracy and precision. Unlike vehicles on land, a ship afloat is subject to the movements of the air around it and the water in which it floats. Another complicating factor is the mass of a ship that has to be accounted for when stopping and starting.

Ship-handling is about arriving and departing a berth or buoy, maneuvering in confined channels and harbours and in proximity to other ships, whilst at all times navigating safely. Two other types of operations, berthing alongside another ship and replenishment at sea, are occasionally included. A key ability for a ship-handler is an innate understanding of how the wind, tide and swell, the passage of other vessels, as well as the shape of the seabed, will affect a vessel's movement, which, together with an understanding of a specific vessels performance, should allow that vessel a safe passage.

Fundamental to low speed maneuvering is an understanding of the configuration and handedness of the propeller(s). An effect known as propeller walk will kick the stern of the vessel to port or starboard depending on the configuration and the type of propeller when large variations on propeller rotation speed or changes of propeller rotation direction take place. (In single screw vessels where the rotation of the propeller is reversed on an astern bell, a standard was established that the propeller would turn clockwise when viewed from astern. This would mean that the propeller would turn counterclockwise when going astern and the stern would walk to port. This aided in docking operations, where "port side to" was the preferred situation and the vessel would be brought to the dock with a small bow-in angle and backing would flatten the angle, slow or stop the vessel and walk it alongside. An exception to this was the U.S. Sealift class tankers which used a controllable pitch propeller, where the pitch and not the direction of rotation was reversed to go astern. These propellers rotated counterclockwise at all times and so the "walk" was "normal".) In addition to being fully conversant with the principles of seamanship and ship-handling a good pilot will have developed his or her sense of 'situational awareness' to a point well beyond that of a member of a ships crew, his reactions will appear to be instinctive, positive and at all times safe.

Most commercial vessels in excess of size limits determined by local authorities are handled in confined areas by a Marine (or maritime) pilot. Marine pilots are seafarers with extensive seafaring experience and are usually qualified Master mariners who have been trained as expert ship-handlers. These pilots are conversant with all types of vessel and propulsion systems, as well as handling ships of all sizes in all weather and tidal conditions. They are also experts in the geographical areas they work. In most countries the pilot takes over the 'conduct' of the navigation from the ship master. This means that the master & crew should adhere to the pilot's orders in respect of the safe navigation of the vessel when in a compulsory pilotage area. The master may with good cause resume 'conduct' of the vessel's navigation. However this should never be done lightly. In situations where the Pilot is an "advisor" even though he has the , the Pilot or his "Association" have no responsibility or liability in the case of an accident. The Master, upon realizing there is a dangerous situation developing, must take such action as to avoid an accident or at least to minimize the damage from one that can't be avoided. In some countries and areas (e.g. Scandinavia and the U.S.A.) the Pilot's role is an advisor. However, in practice, they are likely to have the conduct of the vessel, especially on larger ships using tug boats to assist. The general Rule of Thumb is that a Pilot assumes command of a vessel and is not classed as "an advisor" in the Panama Canal, crossing the sill of a drydock, or in any port in Russia (or, perhaps, all the old Soviet States). This distinction is important because when a Pilot is in command, the Master can not take any action, but is limited to advising the Pilot on any circumstance that creates what he considers a dangerous situation.

Progression in seamanship

to perform maintenance aboard a general cargo ship or freighter.]]

In the days before mechanical propulsion, an ordinary sailor was expected to be able to "hand, and reef, and steer." Training is more formal in modern merchant marines and navies, but still covers the basics.

The crew of a large ship will typically be organised into "divisions" or "departments", each with its own specialty. For example, the deck division would be responsible for boat handling and general maintenance, while the engineering division would be responsible for propulsion and other mechanical systems. Crew start on the most basic duties and as they gain experience and expertise advance within their area. Crew who have gained proficiency become "able-bodied seamen", "petty officers", "rated", or "mates" depending on the organisation to which they belong.

On smaller commercial craft, there is little or no specialisation. Deck crew perform all boat handling functions. The officers of the ship are responsible for navigation, communication, and watch supervision.

Captains must pass formal examinations to demonstrate their knowledge. These examinations have a progression based on the size and complexity of the craft. In the U.S., the progression begins with what is known as "the six pack", a license that allows fishing guides to operate with up to six passengers.

Sources

Admiralty Manual of Seamanship, ISBN 0-11-772696-6.

Seamanship: A Guide for Divers / Kris Pedder, BSAC, ISBN 0-9538919-7-6.

Naval Shiphandler's Guide / James Alden Barber — Naval Institute Press, 2005 — ISBN 1557504350.

Pussers Issue BR67 ;). (Seamanship Bible)

See also

Anderson turn

Catharpin

Scharnow turn

Williamson turn

Category:Navigation Category:Skills Category:Water transport Category:Maritime culture

Coordinates	28°36′50″N77°12′32″N
Name	Mark Lanegan
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Mark Lanegan
Born	November 25, 1964
Origin	Ellensburg, Washington, U.S.
Instrument	Vocals, guitar, bass
Voice type	Baritone
Genre	Alternative rock, grunge, hard rock, country blues
Occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, vocalist
Years active	1985–present
Label	Sub Pop, Epic, SST, Beggars Banquet, Interscope, Velvetone Records
Associated acts	Screaming Trees, Queens of the Stone Age, Isobel Campbell, Soulsavers, The Gutter Twins, Mad Season

Mark Lanegan (born November 25, 1964) is an American rock musician and songwriter. Lanegan began his music career in the 1980s, forming the grunge group Screaming Trees with Gary Lee Conner, Van Conner and Mark Pickerel. During his time in the band Lanegan would start a low-key solo career.

The Screaming Trees eventually disbanded in 2000 and although Lanegan became a permanent member of Queens of the Stone Age for a period he continued to collaborate on tracks with other artists such as Melissa Auf der Maur, Martina Topley Bird, Creature with the Atom Brain and recently on Black River by the electronic outfit, Bomb the Bass. Since leaving the Queens of the Stone Age in 2005, Lanegan has worked with fellow Gutter Twin Greg Dulli's Twilight Singers as well as collaborating with Soulsavers and former Belle and Sebastian singer and cellist Isobel Campbell (on three albums). His latest solo studio release was Bubblegum released in 2004. He is currently serving as co-lead singer of the alternative rock band The Gutter Twins along with Greg Dulli, a collaboration which began in 2003 and released their debut Saturnalia on Sub Pop in March 2008.

Biography

Early life

In 1996, during an interview for Pacific Northwest periodical "The Rocket", he said that he drove a combine. It is known that he came from a 'dysfunctional' family that he tried to avoid, and was heavily into drugs by the age of 18, having already been arrested and sentenced to one year's imprisonment for drug-related crimes. He managed to get out of jail by taking a year-long rehab course. Around this time he met and befriended Van Conner with whom he would eventually form the Screaming Trees. At this point his relationship with the Conner brothers was restricted to talking about music and working for their parents' electronics hardware store.

Musical career

(1985–2000) Screaming Trees

Along with Alice in Chains, Pearl Jam, Soundgarden, and Nirvana, Screaming Trees were part of Seattle's emerging grunge scene in the early 1990s. The band was formed in 1985 by Mark Lanegan, guitarist Gary Lee Conner, bassist Van Conner and Mark Pickerel. The band signed to Sub Pop, releasing the Other Worlds EP in 1985 (Originally available only in a cassette format, the album was re-released on CD and LP by SST Records in 1987). Though the band was being courted by major labels, in 1985 they signed to Velvetone records to release their debut album, Clairvoyance. Barrett Martin replaced previous drummer Pickerel and the new line up recorded Sweet Oblivion in 1992. The project was short lived and eventually other musicians became involved in the evolution to the debut solo record. From the Leadbelly sessions a version of "Where Did You Sleep Last Night?" appeared on The Winding Sheet ("Ain't It a Shame," is available on the Nirvana box set With the Lights Out. The majority of the album was recorded with Pickerel on drums, Mike Johnson (who would later go on to play bass with Dinosaur Jr) on guitar, Steve Fisk on piano and organ, and Jack Endino on bass. In 1998, Scraps at Midnight was released. The album was recorded the previous winter at Joshua Tree, California and produced by long-time friend and collaborator Mike Johnson.

In 2001, he released his fifth studio album, Field Songs. The album featured friend Duff McKagan, as well as major contributions from former Soundgarden bassist, Ben Shepherd. 2003 saw him appear on Greg Dulli's The Twilight Singers record Blackberry Belle, sharing lead vocal duties on the epic closing track, "Number Nine". This would be the first in many collaborations with Dulli and The Twilight Singers.

On his latest solo album, Bubblegum (2004), Lanegan was joined by a cadre of prominent artists, including P. J. Harvey, Josh Homme and Nick Oliveri of Queens of the Stone Age, Greg Dulli of The Afghan Whigs and Twilight Singers, Dean Ween of Ween, and Duff McKagan and Izzy Stradlin, previously of Guns N' Roses. Also appearing on Bubblegum is Lanegan's ex-wife, Wendy Rae Fowler now in We Fell to Earth . The favorably reviewed album is his most commercially successful to date, reaching number 39 on Billboard's Top Independent Albums chart. He also toured in support for the album over the next two years. Mark toured full-time as a third vocalist for Queens of the Stone Age for support of Songs for the Deaf. and "Go with the Flow" (2004).

In 2005, Lanegan released his last album with Queens of the Stone Age entitled Lullabies to Paralyze where he sang lead vocals on "This Lullaby". The album was delayed during 2004 because of some changes to the line-up: bassist Nick Oliveri was fired and on-off vocalist Mark Lanegan went on tour to support Bubblegum. Lanegan would later appear for the support of the album. Lanegan left the tour for a while, citing exhaustion, but would return to finish the tour with the band.

In addition to providing vocals, Lanegan also wrote the track "Revolver" with Campbell. The album was nominated for the 2006 Mercury Prize. Lanegan and Campbell played four UK concerts in January 2007, with the London date being moved to a larger venue as a result of high demand for tickets. When making the decision to make a follow-up to Ballad of the Broken Seas, Campbell stated:

"It was because he kinda disappeared for a year but in my heart I wanted to do another one because as soon as we’d finished Ballad of the Broken Seas I was writing new songs and I was like; ‘Oh God, I’ve got to get Mark to sing these."

After a concert with Lanegan in January 2007, Campbell asked Lanegan if he would consider making a new album, Lanegan replied: "in a heartbeat". This time Lanegan flew to Glasgow to record the new album at the end of March for nine days to record the songs Campbell had written. After working with Lanegan Campbell stated: "It is his classic, effortless American voice that I love". Campbell also stated that "I think I was playing about with that a lot so there’s a few of what Mark would call raunchy songs and a few ballads too". The album, Sunday at Devil Dirt, was released on May 5, 2008 with the track "Who Built the Road" being the only single released from it.

A third collaborative album with Campbell was released on August 16, 2010 entitled Hawk. The pair will tour to promote the album, including a set at All Tomorrow's Parties, 10–12 December 2010 (Bowlie 2) curated by Belle & Sebastian.

(2003–2009) The Gutter Twins

, Mark Lanegan.]] The Gutter Twins is the long awaited collaboration between Mark Lanegan and former Afghan Whigs/current Twilight Singers vocalist Greg Dulli. Working on a collaborative album since at least 2003, the pair first played as The Gutter Twins in Rome in September, 2005.

Saturnalia was released on March 4, 2008 on Sub Pop, a label both Dulli and Lanegan have worked with before. The duo's first tour commenced on February 14, 2008 in New York City and continued in March and April throughout Europe and the United States.

The album was a big hit and Blast Magazine's Liz Raftery ended up praising the album calling it "an audial descent into the dark emotions that often lurk beneath the surface." The albums highest position was at number 7 in Belgium. The album also peaked at number 117 on the Billboard 200. That means that Saturnalia is the first album since Screaming Trees' Dust that has charted at the Billboard 200 with Mark as a permanent band member. On September 2, 2008, The Gutter Twins released an EP called "Adorata" exclusively on iTunes. Adorata contains 8 tracks, most of them are covers, but also two Gutter Twins-songs that never made it to the album.

(2006–present) Collaborations

Lanegan has appeared on three releases with The Twilight Singers (Blackberry Belle, She Loves You and A Stitch in Time). In 2006, Lanegan toured with the band in Europe and Israel, which later expanded to include the United States. In 2008, Lanegan collaborated with Tim Simenon on a track entitled "Black River" which appeared on Simenon's fourth album under his Bomb the Bass moniker, Future Chaos.

In 2007, English electronica duo Soulsavers' album It's Not How Far You Fall, It's the Way You Land featured Lanegan on 8 out of 10 album tracks. As well as appearing as vocalist, the tracks "Revival", "Ghosts of You and Me", "Paper Money" and "Jesus of Nothing" are credited as written by Mark Lanegan and Soulsavers. This led to a significant run of touring in support of the album, beginning on September 6, in Portland, Oregon. Following the tour of the United States, Lanegan continued to perform with them throughout their extensive run of European shows. These varied between headline gigs and slots in support of Depeche Mode. Having completed touring duties for Soulsavers, Lanegan announced a solo European tour. Shows are expected to focus specifically on his solo back catalogue, having not done so since touring finished in support of Bubblegum. Lanegan has started work on his next solo album due late 2010.

Also in 2009, Lanegan followed in Josh Homme's footsteps in collaborating with UNKLE, the British Electronic Act masterminded by James Lavelle. He contributed his vocals to "Another Night Out", the final track of the album Where Did the Night Fall (released in May 2010). The album was UNKLE's fifth regular studio album.

On August 12 2010, Mark Lanegan re-joined Queens of The Stone Age on stage at the Nokia Club in Los Angeles where he sang 4 encore songs with the band. The concert was put together to raise funds for Eagles of Death Metal bassist Brian O'Connor, who was diagnosed with cancer a few months prior to the event.

Discography

The Winding Sheet (1990)

Whiskey for the Holy Ghost (1994)

Scraps at Midnight (1998)

I'll Take Care of You (1999)

Field Songs (2001)

Bubblegum (2004)

References

External links

onewhiskey: dedicated to the music and fans of Mark Lanegan

Mark Lanegan: allmusic

Category:Mad Season members Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:American baritones Category:Songwriters from Washington (U.S. state) Category:American male singers Category:American rock singers Category:American singer-songwriters Category:Sub Pop artists Category:Grunge musicians Category:Musicians from Washington (U.S. state) Category:Screaming Trees members Category:People from Kittitas County, Washington

Coordinates	28°36′50″N77°12′32″N
Name	Isobel Campbell
Background	solo_singer
Birth name	Isobel Campbell
Alias	Belle, Bel
Born	April 27, 1976
Origin	Glasgow, Scotland
Instrument	Vocals, cello
Genre	Indie pop, alternative rock, Twee Pop
Occupation	Singer-songwriter, musician, vocalist
Years active	1996–present
Label	V2 Records, Jeepster Records
Associated acts	Belle & Sebastian Mark LaneganThe Gentle Waves
Url	Official Site

Isobel Campbell (born on 27 April 1976 in Glasgow) is a Scottish singer, cellist and composer in the indie and rock genres.

History

Campbell was a member of Belle & Sebastian from their formation in Glasgow in 1996 until 2002, when she departed the band for personal reasons. She played cello and keyboards with the band, and sang backing vocals. She also took lead vocals on a few songs from the band, and co-wrote their top-20 UK single "Legal Man".

Her band The Gentle Waves released its first album on Jeepster Records, titled The Green Fields of Foreverland, in 1999. The second Gentle Waves record, Swansong For You came out one year later. In 2002, she collaborated with Scottish jazz musician Bill Wells on a collection of Billie Holiday songs, released by Creeping Bent.

In 2003, Campbell released Amorino, her first solo album under her own name, to very good reviews. Bill Wells was featured here again, along with other jazz musicians.

Her next LP, Ballad of the Broken Seas, a collaborative album with former Screaming Trees and Queens of the Stone Age singer Mark Lanegan, was released in March 2006. For this record she received a Mercury Music Prize nomination. She toured the UK, United States and Canada to promote the album. Her third solo album, Milkwhite Sheets, was released in November 2006 and continued the folk-based approach of Ballad of the Broken Seas.

A follow-up to Ballad of the Broken Seas with Mark Lanegan entitled Sunday at Devil Dirt was released on 13 May 2008. A third collaboration with Lanegan, entitled Hawk, was released in Aug 2010.

Musical career

Belle & Sebastian

Belle & Sebastian was formed in 1996 by Stuart Murdoch and Stuart David. The band signed to Electric Honey in 1997. Tigermilk was their debut and was limited to 1,000 copies worldwide. Upon its release, the band's second album, If You're Feeling Sinister, is their best-selling album and received wide critical acclaim.

Their follow up was The Boy with the Arab Strap which contained the track "Is It Wicked Not to Care?" where for the first time Campbell sang lead vocals.

The band's next album was Fold Your Hands Child, You Walk Like a Peasant. The album introduced many stylistic changes, such as a larger string section and more of the members singing lead vocals; Campbell sings on "Family Tree", and performs a duet with Stevie Jackson on "Beyond the Sunrise".

Most of 2002 was spent on touring and recording a soundtrack album, Storytelling (for Storytelling by Todd Solondz). Campbell left the band in spring of 2002, in the middle of the band's North American tour, right after the Toronto show.

Solo and side projects

In 1999, Campbell released her first solo album, The Green Fields of Foreverland, on the little known label Jeepster Records. Campbell released the album under the pseudonym of The Gentle Waves.

The follow up to The Green Fields of Foreverland would become Swansong for You released on 6 November 2000. This album would be the last release by Campbell under the pseudonym of The Gentle Waves. In 2003 she released a new album Amorino under her own name. Her next album, 2006's Ballad of the Broken Seas, was a collaboration with former Screaming Trees vocalist Mark Lanegan and would become Campbell's major breakthrough.

Her fourth studio album was released on 23 October 2006 entitled Milkwhite Sheets. It brings traditional songs from United Kingdom and songs written by Campbell. Campbell has stated that album was inspired by the works of Jean Ritchie, Anne Briggs and Shirley Collins.

Collaboration with Mark Lanegan

in 2007 in support of their album Ballad of the Broken Seas.]] In April 2004, Campell released an EP with former Screaming Trees vocalist Mark Lanegan, titled Time Is Just the Same. They would later release a single entitled "Ramblin' Man" for their collaboration album Ballad of the Broken Seas. Campbell wrote and recorded the majority of the album's tracks in Glasgow, with Lanegan adding vocals in Los Angeles. The album was nominated for the 2006 Mercury Prize. Lanegan and Campbell played four UK concerts in January 2007, with the London date being moved to a larger venue as a result of high demand for tickets.

In 2007, the duo recorded a second album together, entitled Sunday at Devil Dirt, which was released on 5 May 2008. Three singles from the album have been released so far: "Who Built the Road"(7'), "Come On Over (Turn Me On)" (7') and "Keep me in mind sweetheart"(Cd, 12'). The five new tracks of the "Keep me in mind sweetheart" EP were later added as bonus tracks to Sunday at Devil Dirt.

A third collaborative album with Lanegan was released on August 16, 2010 entitled Hawk. The pair will tour to promote the album, including a set at All Tomorrow's Parties, 10–12 December 2010 (Bowlie 2) curated by Belle & Sebastian.

Selected discography

Studio albums

The Green Fields of Foreverland (1999) (as The Gentle Waves)

Swansong For You (2000) (as The Gentle Waves)

Amorino (2003)

Milkwhite Sheets (2006)

Studio Albums With Mark Lanegan

Ballad of the Broken Seas (2006)

Sunday at Devil Dirt (2008)

Hawk (2010)

References

External links

The Gentle Waves

Sacks & Co profile

Category:1976 births Category:Living people Category:People from Glasgow Category:Scottish rock singers Category:Belle & Sebastian members Category:Scottish folk cellists Category:Indie pop musicians