Andrew McNaughton
General Andrew McNaughton
Born	25 February 1887
Died	11 July 1966(1966-07-11) (aged 79)
Allegiance	Canada
Service/branch	Canadian Army
Rank	General
Commands held	Chief of the General Staff
Battles/wars	World War I World War II
Awards	Order of the Companions of Honour (1946) Companion of the Order of the Bath (1935) Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (1919) Distinguished Service Order (1917) Canadian Forces Decoration (1955) Queen's Privy Council for Canada (1944) Grand Officer[clarification needed] of the Order of Leopold (1946)

General Andrew George Latta McNaughton, CH, CB, CMG, DSO, CD, PC (25 February 1887 – 11 July 1966) was a Canadian scientist, army officer, cabinet minister, and diplomat.

Early life[link]

Born in Moosomin, Saskatchewan (at the time in the Northwest Territories), on February 25, 1887,^[1] McNaughton was a student at Bishop's College School in Lennoxville, Quebec. He earned a B.A. from McGill University in Montreal in 1910, where he was a member of The Kappa Alpha Society, and an M.Sc. in 1912.^[2]

First World War[link]

McNaughton enlisted in the Canadian militia in 1909. He took the 4th Battery of the Canadian Expeditionary Force overseas with the outbreak of the First World War in 1914 and arrived in France in February 1915.

While there he helped make advances in the science of artillery, and was wounded twice.^[1] The need to accurately pinpoint artillery targets, both stationary and moving, led to his invention of a target detection technique using an oscilloscope which was the forerunner of radar. He sold the rights to that invention to the Government of Canada for only $10.^[3] In March 1916 he was promoted to Lieutenant-Colonel and returned to England to take command of the newly arrived 11 (Howitzer) Brigade RCA, taking it to France in July. In early 1917 he was appointed the Counter Battery Staff Officer of the Canadian Corps. On the day before the armistice he was promoted to Brigadier-General and appointed General Officer Commanding Canadian Corps Heavy Artillery.

Interwar period[link]

Chief of the General Staff[link]

In 1920 he enlisted in the regular army and in 1922 was promoted to Deputy Chief of the General Staff and Chief of the General Staff in 1929. During that time he worked at mechanizing the armed forces and modernizing the militia.

Formation of relief camps[link]

By the summer of 1932, due to the massive unemployment caused by the Great Depression, Canada had become a nation of hobos. While on a tour of the nation's military establishments General McNaughton was shocked by the spectacle of homeless men living in shacks in hobo jungles, begging on the streets of Western cities and swarming aboard freight trains to move on to the next town or city in search of a job. McNaughton recognized that here was a situation where the possibility of revolution didn't seem unreal. In October he presented a proposal eagerly grasped by Prime Minister, R. B. Bennett that had two aims. It would get the men off the streets, out of the cities and out of sight, and, at the same time improve their bodies and provide useful work in a group of camps, run by the military. In the so called "relief camps" men would be fed, clothed and housed, and would work on projects of national importance—building airfields, highways and other public works. As an "alternative to bloodshed on the streets," this stop-gap solution for unemployment was to establish military-run and -styled relief camps in remote areas throughout the country, where single unemployed men toiled for twenty cents a day.^[4]

Unfortunately, what appeared to be a humanitarian effort to aid the unemployed and indigent and prevent the propagation of revolution soon turned into a hotbed of dissent due to the draconian disciplinary measures adopted. Portions of a letter smuggled out read to the House of Commons by J. S. Woodsworth, MP for Winnipeg North Centre described the conditions.

• "Picture to yourself a tarpaper shack 79 feet x 24 with no windows, along each side there is a row of double decker bunks, these are spaced off with 8 x 1 board so that there is room for two men in each bunk. The bunks are filled with straw and you crawl into them from the foot end. Along the front of the lower bunk a narrow board is placed upon which the men may sit. The place is very meagerly lighted and ventilation by three skylights.... So narrow is the passageway between the bunks that when the men are sitting on the bench there is scarcely room to pass between them. This shack houses 88 men.... At times the place reeks of the foul smell and at night the air is simply fetid. The floor is dirty and the end of the shack where the men wash ... is caked with black mud. The toilet is thoroughly filthy, unsanitary, and far too small."

The irony was that McNaughton's scheme for staving off revolution had the seeds of revolution inherent in it. Within two years the camps that had been greeted with such applause would be known throughout the country as slave camps. The "volunteer inmates" were not allowed newspapers, magazines or radios. Any man who left a camp, even for a visit to his family, was subsequently refused re-entry and the "dole" was denied to him.^[4]

National Research Council of Canada[link]

He returned for a few years to civilian life and from 1935 to 1939 became head of the National Research Council of Canada.^[1] National Research Council Building M50 on the Ottawa Campus was named the McNaughton Building, in his honour. IEEE honours McNaughton with the McNaughton medal, presented for excellence in engineering.

Second World War[link]

McNaughton went into World War II commanding First Canadian Infantry Division (part of VII Corps). He commanded VII Corps itself from July to December 1940 when it was renamed the Canadian Corps.^[5] Then under his leadership the Corps was reorganised as an army in 1942. McNaughton's contribution to the development of new techniques was outstanding, especially in the field of detection and weaponry, including the discarding sabot projectile.^[1] He was unduly blamed for the disastrous Dieppe Raid in 1942, blame better deserved by the British who failed to provide needed, requested, and promised support. Alanbrooke, his opponent since World War 1, frequently criticized him. A favourite of Churchill, he was sent as envoy for a conference with Stalin. McNaughton, then a Maj-Gen, was cover celebrity for Life magazine in December 1939 when Canada had entered the war, but the USA had not.^[6] His support for voluntary enlistment rather than conscription led to conflict with James Ralston, the then Minister of National Defence. Due to pressure by critics and weakened by health problems, McNaughton resigned his command in December 1943.^[1]

Hon. Andrew McNaughton and colleagues in the 16th Canadian Ministry (Rear, L-R): Hons. J.J. McCann, Paul Martin, Joseph Jean, J.A. Glen, Brooke Claxton, Alphonse Fournier, Ernest Bertrand, Andrew McNaughton, Lionel Chevrier, D.C. Abbott, D.L. MacLaren

Because of his support for a volunteer army, McNaughton remained friendly with Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, who wanted to make him the first Canadian-born Governor General of Canada. Instead, McNaughton became Minister of National Defence when Ralston was forced to resign after the Conscription Crisis of 1944, as King did all he could to avoid introducing conscription.^[1] McNaughton was soon pressured into calling for conscription despite King's wishes, a popular move for some Canadians but an equally unpopular one for many others. After losing both a February by-election in the Ontario riding Grey North and, a few months later, the riding of Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan which he contested in the 1945 federal election McNaughton resigned as Defence minister in August 1945.^[1] King had made him take blame for conscription, to which both men had been opposed, and now had to replace him as Governor-General designate. He allowed McNaughton to choose Alexander as GG, setting back the first appointment of a Canadian to that role by seven more years.

After the war[link]

After the war he served on the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission, which he headed between 1946 and 1948, as Canada's Ambassador to the United Nations, during the years of 1948 and 1949, and between 1950 and 1959 he was the President of the Canadian section of the International Joint Commission,^[1] as well as many other international committees, until his death in 1966.

His grandson Lieutenant-General Andrew Leslie was Chief of the Land Staff of the Canadian Forces from 2006 to 2010.^[7]

Promotions[link]

His promotions were:^[8]

• Lieutenant (9 May 1910)
• Captain (16 May 1911)
• Major (28 May 1913)
  • Brevet Brigadier-General (10 November 1918)
• Lieutenant-Colonel (1 January 1920)
• Colonel (1 January 1923)
• Major-General (1 January 1929)
• Lieutenant-General (1940)
• General (1944)

See also[link]

• Canadian pipe mine

References[link]

• Swettenham, John (1968). McNaughton. 3 volumes. Ryerson Press. ISBN 978-0-7700-0238-1. 

External links[link]

Wikisource has original works written by or about: Andrew McNaughton

• McNaughton Archives at McGill

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Ric Keller
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 8th district
In office January 3, 2001 – January 3, 2009
Preceded by	Bill McCollum
Succeeded by	Alan Grayson
Personal details
Born	(1964-09-05) September 5, 1964 (age 47) Johnson City, Tennessee
Political party	Republican
Spouse(s)	Dee Dee Keller
Children	Nick Keller Kristy Keller Kaylee Keller Kate Keller
Residence	Orlando, Florida
Alma mater	East Tennessee State University, Vanderbilt University
Occupation	attorney
Religion	Methodist

Richard Anthony "Ric" Keller (born September 5, 1964) is an American politician, and was a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives, representing Florida's 8th congressional district.

Keller was defeated in his bid for a fifth term by Democrat Alan Grayson.

Personal information[link]

Keller was born in Johnson City, Tennessee. He received a bachelor's degree from East Tennessee State University, where he graduated first in his class in 1986, and a law degree from Vanderbilt University in 1992. He was a lawyer in Florida before being elected to the House of Representatives in 2000.

Keller served as the chairman of the House higher education subcommittee. As the only Floridian in Congress to serve on the House Education and the Workforce Committee (now "Education and Labor"), Congressman Keller was the state's point man on education and workforce issues in Washington. Congressman Keller also sat on the House Judiciary Committee, where he was a leading advocate of the COPS (Community Oriented Policing Services) program to put more law enforcement officers on the streets.

In March 2003, Keller and his wife of 10 years, Cathleen, divorced. He and his ex-wife split the custody of their two children, with his ex-wife being the primary residential parent.^[1] He has since remarried; he and his wife Dee Dee live in Orlando. He has four children: Nick, Christy, Kaylee, and Kate.^[2]

Keller is now a partner at an Orlando law firm.

Committee assignments[link]

• Education and the Workforce Committee (now "Education and Labor")
  • Subcommittee on Early Childhood, Elementary and Secondary Education
  • Subcommittee on Higher Education, Lifelong Learning, and Competitiveness (Chairman and Ranking Member)
• Judiciary Committee
  • Subcommittee on Courts, the Internet, and Intellectual Property
  • Subcommittee on Commercial and Administrative Law
  • Antitrust Task Force and Competition Policy

Congressional campaigns[link]

2000[link]

Ric Keller campaigned hard on a term limits pledge (which he has since broken) with the slogan Citizen Legislators. Not Career Politicians.

In Keller's first run for Congress, he finished in second place in the Republican primary with 31% of the vote, against fellow Republican Bill Sublette, who had 43%, but defeated Sublette in the runoff election, getting 52% of that vote. During the primary campaign, Keller publicly signed a terms limits pledge while Sublette refused to do so,^[3] and Keller made his signing a major part of his campaign.

In the 2000 general election, Keller won with 51% of the vote against Democrat Linda Chapin.^[4]

2002[link]

After the 2001 Congressional re-apportionment, Florida's 8th District was redistricted from a near equal representation (Democrat-Republican) to one that included seven percent more Republicans than Democrats.

Keller readily won the 2002 Congressional election against Democrat Eddie Diaz, winning with 65% of the vote.

2004[link]

In 2004 Keller won his third term with 60% of the vote against Democrat challenger Stephen Murray.

2006[link]

In 2006, Keller won the Republican primary with 72% of the vote, defeating businesswoman Elizabeth Doran. In the general election, Keller defeated Democrat Charlie Stuart, 53% to 46%.

In October, during a debate with Stuart, Keller was asked whether or not, if elected, he would seek a fifth term in 2008. "When I make that decision, I’ll let you know", Keller responded.^[1]

2008[link]

Keller ran for re-election in 2008 after deciding not to keep his term limits pledge. Keller said, "I don’t like making mistakes, but I admit that was a big one. As a rookie candidate, I underestimated the value of experience and seniority."^[4] He won against Todd Long, an Orlando attorney and radio talkshow host, in the Republican primary.

Keller was defeated by Democrat Alan Grayson (campaign website), an attorney for Fried Frank, on Nov. 4th, 2008. Grayson won largely by swamping Keller in Orange County, home to two-thirds of the district's population—undoubtedly helped by Barack Obama carrying Orange County by 18 points.^{[citation needed]}

Political positions and actions[link]

Cheeseburger Bill[link]

In 2003, Keller was sponsor of H.R. 339, the Personal Responsibility in Food Consumption Act. At the same time, Keller had taken the maximum level of PAC donations up to $300,000 for his personal campaign funding from restaurants including McDonalds, Wendys and Burger King. The bill would have shielded manufacturers, distributors, and sellers of food and beverages from lawsuits blaming them for "weight gain, obesity, or a health condition related to weight gain or obesity." Keller, who said he was about 20 pounds over his ideal weight, said that he thought consumers should stop blaming "fast food" sellers and "junk food" manufacturers for their weight issues.^[5]

In 2005, Keller reintroduced the bill as H.R. 554, the Personal Responsibility in Food Consumption Act of 2005. The bill passed the House but was never voted on by the Senate.^[6]

Iraq War[link]

In June 2006, Keller voted to affirm that the war in Iraq was part of the Global War on Terror, and against any exit date for the war.^[1]

In February 2007, Keller announced during a speech that he was in favor of the Democratic proposal at the time for withdrawing from Iraq. He stated "Let me give you an analogy. Imagine your next door neighbor refuses to mow his lawn and the weeds are all the way up to his waist. You decide you’re going to mow his lawn for him every single week. The neighbor never says thank you. He hates you and sometimes he takes out a gun and shoots at you. Under these circumstances, do you keep mowing his lawn forever? Do you send even more of your family members over to mow his lawn? Or do you say to that neighbor, ‘You better step it up and mow your own lawn or there’s going to be serious consequences for you’?"^[7]

Position on 2008 "Bailout"[link]

On September 29, 2008, Keller voted against the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008.^[8]

Other issues[link]

Keller is a staunch advocate of a federal prohibition of online poker. In 2006, he cosponsored H.R. 4777, the Internet Gambling Prohibition Act.^[9]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Biography, voting record, and interest group ratings at Project Vote Smart
• Issue positions and quotes at On the Issues
• Financial information at OpenSecrets.org
• Campaign finance reports and data at the Federal Election Commission
• Profile at SourceWatch Congresspedia

Andrew Huang

Andrew "bunnie" Huang is an American hacker, who holds a Ph.D in electrical engineering from MIT and is the author of the 2003 book Hacking the Xbox: An Introduction to Reverse Engineering. He was born in 1975. Huang is also a member of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity.

Dr. Huang was the hardware lead at Chumby; his responsibilities included the design and production of chumby devices, as well as the strategic planning and ecosystem development of the broader chumby hardware platform. He has completed several major projects, ranging from hacking the Xbox (and writing the eponymous book), to designing the world's first fully integrated photonic-silicon chips running at 10 Gbit/s with Luxtera, Inc., to building some of the first prototype hardware for silicon nanowire device research with Caltech. bunnie has also participated in the design of 802.11b/Bluetooth transceivers (with Mobilian), graphics chips (with SGI), digital cinema CODECs (with Qualcomm), and autonomous robotic submarines (with MIT ORCA/AUVSI). He is also responsible for the un-design of many security systems, with an appetite for the challenge of digesting silicon-based hardware security. Huang is also a contributing writer for MAKE magazine and a member of their technical advisory board, and had written extensively about manufacturing in China ^[1].

Huang has also used reverse-engineering techniques to reveal why certain MicroSD cards are poor in quality ^[2]

Huang was to be a witness a trial for whether Xbox modding violates the DMCA ^[3] . The case was eventually dropped ^[4].

He also created the NeTV, which was the first known public use of the High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) 'master key'. The device uses the master key to implement a video overlay on existing HDCP-protected links, in a fashion which purportedly does not violate the DMCA ^[5] . The NeTV hardware and firmware is entirely open source^[6].

He also created the open-source hardware Safecast Geiger Counter Reference Design, as a volunteer effort in response to the Tohoku-Oki earthquake and the ensuing meltdown of Fukushima Daiichi.^[7]

Publications[link]

• Huang, Andrew (May 26, 2002) (pdf). Keeping Secrets in Hardware: the Microsoft XBoxTM Case Study. AI Memo 2002-008. http://web.mit.edu/bunnie/www/proj/anatak/AIM-2002-008.pdf. Retrieved April 19, 2008. 
• An Implementation of Guarded Pointers with Tight Bounds on Segment Size, J.P. Grossman, Jeremy Brown, Andrew Huang, Tom Knight, MIT AI Aries Group Technical Memo 002

• ADAM: A Decentralized Parallel Computer Architecture Featuring Fast Thread and Data Migration and a Uniform Hardware Abstraction, Andrew “bunnie” Huang, PhD Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2002

• A 10Gb/s photonic modulator and WDM MUX/DEMUX integrated with electronics in 0.13um SOI CMOS, Solid-State Circuits Conference, 2006. ISSCC 2006. Digest of Technical Papers. IEEE International. Recipient of Lewis Winner Award for Best Paper

References[link]

1. ^ Doctorow, Cory (July 13, 2007). "Bunnie Huang's blog-series on Chinese manufacturing". Boing Boing. http://boingboing.net/2007/07/13/bunnie_huangs_blogse.html. Retrieved May 2, 2011. 
2. ^ Doctorow, Cory (Feb 16, 2010). "Sleuthing uncovers the mystery of Kingston MicroSD cards' crappy QA". Boing Boing. http://boingboing.net/2010/02/16/sleuthing-uncovers-t.html. Retrieved May 1, 2011. 
3. ^ Kravets, David (October 21, 2010). "Threat Level Privacy, Crime and Security Online Previous post Next post Prosecutors Seek to Block Xbox Hacking Pioneer From Trial". Wired. http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/10/xbox-modder-tria/. Retrieved May 1, 2011. 
4. ^ Kravets, David (December 2, 2010). "Prosecutors Dismiss Xbox-Modding Case Mid-Trial". Wired. http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/12/crippen-dismissed/. Retrieved May 1, 2011. 
5. ^ Goodin, Dan (September 16, 2011). "How gizmo maker's hack outflanked copyright trolls". The Register. http://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/09/16/chumby_nettv_hack/. Retrieved September 17, 2011. 
6. ^ Source code links at http://kosagi.com/w/index.php?title=NeTV_Main_Page
7. ^ http://boingboing.net/2012/03/15/bunnie-huangs-open-geiger-co.html

External links[link]

• Homepage
• Old Homepage

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