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770 Eastern Parkway
770 Eastern Parkway is the street address of the central headquarters of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement, located on Eastern Parkway in the Crown Heights section of Brooklyn, New York, in the United States of America. The building has been the center of the conflict between the Lubavitchers who believe that the last Chabad leader, Menachem Mendel Schneerson, was the Messiah and those who do not.
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Bel Air, Los Angeles
Bel Air is an affluent residential community in the hills of the Westside of the city of Los Angeles, California. Together with Beverly Hills and Holmby Hills it forms the Platinum Triangle of Los Angeles neighborhoods.
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Biola University
Biola University is a private, evangelical Christian, liberal arts university located near Los Angeles. Biola's main campus is located in La Mirada in Los Angeles County, California. In addition, the university has several satellite campuses located in Chino, Inglewood, Palm Desert, San Leandro, Thousand Oaks, San Diego, San Bernardino, and Laguna Hills.
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Boston University
Boston University (BU) is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. The university is historically affiliated with the United Methodist Church, but describes itself as nonsectarian. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers.
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Brandeis University
Brandeis University () is an American private research university with a liberal arts focus. It is located in the southwestern corner of Waltham, Massachusetts, nine miles (14 km) west of Boston. The University has an enrollment of approximately 3,200 undergraduate and 2,100 graduate students. In 2010, it was ranked by the U.S. News and World Report as the number 34 national university in the United States. Forbes listed Brandeis University as number 57 among all national universities and liberal arts colleges combined in 2010.
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Brown University
http://wn.com/Brown_University -
California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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Cerritos College
Cerritos College is a public comprehensive community college founded in 1955 located in Norwalk, California. It was named after Rancho Los Cerritos, a ranch that served prominently in the region in the 19th century. The college serves as part of the inspiration for the renaming of the neighboring city of Dairy Valley to Cerritos.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Citrus College
Citrus College is a community college located in the Los Angeles suburb of Glendora, California; the Citrus Community College District which supports the school includes the communities of Glendora, Azusa, Charter Oak, Claremont, Monrovia, and Duarte. The school is the oldest public community college in Los Angeles County, California; it was founded in 1915 by educator Floyd S. Hayden. Until 1961 the school was operated by the Citrus Union High School District. As of 2006, Citrus College enrolls over 12,000 students.
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Cleveland Clinic
The Cleveland Clinic (formally known as the Cleveland Clinic Foundation) is a multispecialty academic medical center located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. The Cleveland Clinic is currently regarded as one of the top 4 hospitals in the United States. The Cleveland Clinic was established in 1921 by four physicians for the purpose of providing patient care, research, and medical education in an ideal medical setting. One of the largest private medical centers in the world, the Cleveland Clinic saw more than 2,800,000 patient visits in 2005, with almost 70,000 hospital admissions. Patients arrive at the Cleveland Clinic from all 50 states and more than 100 nations. The Cleveland Clinic's approximately 1,700 salaried staff physicians represent 120 medical specialties and subspecialties. The Cleveland Clinic was ranked number one in America for cardiac care from 1994 to 2009.
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Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York (Columbia University) is a private research university in New York City and a member of the Ivy League. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution. It was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of George II of Great Britain, and is one of only three United States universities to have been founded under such authority.
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Cornell University
Cornell University (, {{respell|kor-) is an Ivy League university located in Ithaca, New York. It is a private land-grant university which receives funding from the State of New York for certain educational missions.
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Downtown Los Angeles
Downtown Los Angeles is the central business district of Los Angeles, California, United States, located close to the geographic center of the metropolitan area. The area features many of the city's major arts institutions and sports facilities, sightseeing opportunities, a variety of skyscrapers and associated large multinational corporations and an array of public art and unique shopping opportunities. Downtown is the hub of the city's freeway network and growing Metro rapid transit system.
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Drake Stadium (UCLA)
:''For Drake Stadium at Drake University, see Drake Stadium.
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El Camino College
http://wn.com/El_Camino_College -
Fudan University
http://wn.com/Fudan_University -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Getty Center
[[Image:Getty USGS.jpg|thumb|right|USGS satellite image of the Getty Center. The complex of buildings at bottom right is the Museum. In addition, "a circular building to the west of the Central Garden houses the Getty Research Institute.... Two buildings to the north and east of the Arrival Plaza house the Getty Foundation, the Getty Conservation Institute, and the J. Paul Getty Trust administration offices." [http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?v=2&cp;=34.078~-118.475&style;=o&lvl;=1&sp;=Point.34.078_-118.475_Getty_Center___ Microsoft Virtual Earth view of the Center at a different angle].]]
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Hammer Museum
:For The Hammer Museum in Haines, Alaska, see Hammer Museum (Haines, AK)
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Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation (officially The President and Fellows of Harvard College) chartered in the country.
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Harvey Mudd College
Harvey Mudd College is a private residential liberal arts college of science, engineering, and mathematics, located in Claremont, California. It is one of the institutions of the contiguous Claremont Colleges, which share adjoining campus grounds.
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Hollywood
Hollywood is a neighborhood in Los Angeles, California - situated west-northwest of Downtown Los Angeles. Due to its fame and cultural identity as the historical center of movie studios and movie stars, the word "Hollywood" is often used as a metonym of American cinema, and is often interchangeably used to refer to the greater Los Angeles area in general. The nicknames StarStruck Town and Tinseltown refer to Hollywood and its movie industry. Today, much of the movie industry has dispersed into surrounding areas such as the Westside neighborhood, but significant auxiliary industries, such as editing, effects, props, post-production, and lighting companies remain in Hollywood, as does the backlot of Paramount Pictures.
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Italy
http://wn.com/Italy -
Keio University
is a Japanese university located in Minato, Tokyo. It is the oldest institute of higher education in Japan. Founder Fukuzawa Yukichi originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo (now Tokyo). It has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has nine faculties, which cover a wide range of academic fields, with each operating independently and offering a broad spectrum of creative and unique educational and research activities. The faculties are: Letters, Economics, Laws, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy. Keio's baseball team plays in the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League.
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Korea University
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Kyoto University
, or is a major national university in Kyoto, Japan. It is the second oldest university in Japan, and formerly one of Japan's Imperial Universities. The university has about 22,000 students enrolled in its undergraduate and graduate programs.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles ( ; , Spanish for "The Angels") is the second most populous city in the United States, the most populous city in the state of California and the western United States, with a population of 3.83 million within its administrative limits on a land area of . The urban area of Los Angeles extends beyond the administrative city limits with a population of over 14.8 million and it is the 14th largest urban area in the world, affording it megacity status. The metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is home to nearly 12.9 million residents while the broader Los Angeles-Long Beach-Riverside combined statistical area (CSA) contains nearly 17.8 million people. Los Angeles is also the seat of Los Angeles County, the most populated and one of the most multicultural counties in the United States. The city's inhabitants are referred to as "Angelenos" ().
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Los Angeles County
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Marina del Rey
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McGill University
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Mexico
Mexico, (pronounced ; ), officially known as the United Mexican States (), is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost 2 million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi), Mexico is the fifth-largest country in the Americas by total area and the 14th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of 111 million, it is the 11th most populous country and the most populous Hispanophone country on Earth. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.
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Miami University
Miami University (MU) is a coeducational public research university located in Oxford, Ohio, United States. Founded in 1809, it is the 10th oldest public university in the United States and the second oldest in Ohio. In its 2011 edition, U.S. News & World Report ranked the university 79th overall and ranked its undergraduate teaching 2nd among national universities, tied with Princeton University. It is considered to be one of America's Public Ivy universities, which recognizes top public academic universities in the United States.
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Milan
Milan (, ; Western Lombard: Milan, ) is a city in Italy and the capital of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1,310,000, while the urban area is the first in Italy and the fifth largest in the European Union with a population of 4,345,000 over an area of . The Milan metropolitan area, by far the largest in Italy, is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 7,400,000.
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Nanjing University
http://wn.com/Nanjing_University -
New York
New York (; locally or ) is a state in the Northeastern region of the United States. It is the nation's third most populous state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south, and by Connecticut, Massachusetts and Vermont to the east. The state has a maritime border with Rhode Island east of Long Island, as well as an international border with the Canadian provinces of Ontario to the north and west, and Quebec to the north. New York is often referred to as New York State to distinguish it from New York City.
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New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private, nonsectarian research university based in New York City. NYU's main campus is situated in the Greenwich Village section of Manhattan. Founded in 1831, NYU is the largest private, nonprofit institution of higher education in the United States.
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Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.
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Osaka University
, or , is a major national university in Osaka, Japan. It is the sixth oldest university in Japan as the Osaka Prefectural Medical College, and formerly one of the Imperial Universities of Japan.
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Pasadena, California
Pasadena () is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Famous for hosting the annual Rose Bowl football game and Tournament of Roses Parade, Pasadena is the home of many leading scientific and cultural institutions, including the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), Pasadena City College (PCC), NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Art Center College of Design, the Pasadena Playhouse, California School of Culinary Arts Pasadena, the Norton Simon Museum of Art and the Pacific Asia Museum. As of 2009, the estimated population of Pasadena is 143,667, making it the 168th largest city in the United States. Pasadena is the seventh largest city in Los Angeles County, and the first to be incorporated in Los Angeles CountyIt is one of the main cultural centers of the San Gabriel Valley and is the setting of many TV shows including Brothers & Sisters and The Big Bang Theory.
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Pauley Pavilion
Edwin W. Pauley Pavilion, commonly known as Pauley Pavilion, is an indoor arena located in the Westwood Village district of Los Angeles, California, on the campus of UCLA. It is home to the UCLA Bruins men's and women's basketball teams. The men's and women's volleyball and women's gymnastics teams also play here.
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Peking University
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Pitzer College
Pitzer College is a private residential liberal arts college located in Claremont, California, a college town approximately east of downtown Los Angeles. Pitzer College is one of seven institutions of higher learning known as The Claremont Colleges and coordinated through the Claremont University Consortium. The school has a curricular emphasis on the social sciences, behavioral sciences, international programs, and media studies.
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Pomona College
Pomona College is a private, residential, liberal arts college located in Claremont, California. It has ranked in the top ten of liberal arts colleges nationally according to the U.S. News & World Report rankings since their inception and is currently ranked sixth. In 2009, Kiplinger ranked Pomona first among the liberal arts colleges in America. Founded in 1887 in Pomona, California, by a group of Congregationalists, the college moved to Claremont in 1889 to the site of a donated hotel, retaining its name. The school enrolls 1,548 students.
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Powell Library
Powell Library is the main college undergraduate library on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). It was constructed from 1926 to 1929 and was one of the original four buildings that comprised the UCLA campus in the early period of the university's life. Its Romanesque Revival architecture design, its historic value and its popularity with students make it one of the defining images of UCLA.
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Princeton University
Princeton University is a private research university located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States. The school is one of the eight universities of the Ivy League, and is one of the nine Colonial Colleges founded before the American Revolution.
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Purdue University
Purdue University, located in West Lafayette, Indiana, U.S., is the flagship university of the six-campus Purdue University System. Purdue was founded on May 6, 1869, as a land-grant university when the Indiana General Assembly, taking advantage of the Morrill Act, accepted a donation of land and money from Lafayette businessman John Purdue to establish a college of science, technology, and agriculture in his name. The first classes were held on September 16, 1874, with three buildings, six instructors, and 39 students. Today, Purdue enrolls the second largest student body of any university in Indiana as well as the second largest international student population of any public university in the United States. This is a result of its aggressive recruiting policies abroad, particularly in Latin America and Asia.
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Rice University
William Marsh Rice University (commonly known as Rice University) opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art is a private coeducational research university located in Houston, Texas, United States. Its campus is located near the Houston Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center.
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Rio Hondo College
Rio Hondo College is a community college located in unincorporated Whittier, California, United States, named after the Rio Hondo. It was founded in 1960 and mainly serves the cities of Whittier, Pico Rivera, Santa Fe Springs, El Monte, and South El Monte. The college is accredited by Accrediting Commission for Community and Junior Colleges of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. Aside from its academic programs, the college is also home to Rio Hondo Fire Academy and Rio Hondo Police Academy. The college is undergoing a multi-million dollar renovation. The school baseball team also scrimmaged the Kukamunga Quakes Semi Pro Baseball team on March 12, 2003. Rio Hondo won 7-5.
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Royce Hall
Royce Hall is a building on the campus of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). Designed by the Los Angeles firm of Allison & Allison (James Edward Allison, 1870-1955, and his brother David Clark Allison, 1881-1962) in the Italian Romanesque Revival style and completed in 1929, it is one of the four original buildings on UCLA's Westwood campus and has come to be the defining image of the university. Named after Josiah Royce, a California-born philosopher who received his bachelor's degree from UC Berkeley in 1875, the building's exterior is modeled after Milan's Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio.
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Rutgers University
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (usually referred to as Rutgers University or just Rutgers), is the largest institution for higher education in New Jersey. It was originally chartered as ''Queen's College'' in 1766 and is the eighth-oldest college in the United States. Rutgers was originally a private university affiliated with the Dutch Reformed Church and admitted only male students, but evolved into a coeducational public research university. Rutgers is one of only two colonial colleges that later became public universities, the other being The College of William and Mary.
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Santa Monica College
Santa Monica College is a two-year public community college located in Santa Monica, California.
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Scripps College
Scripps College is a liberal arts women's college in Claremont, California, United States. It is a member of the Claremont Colleges.
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Singapore
{{Infobox Country
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (ROK, , ) and sometimes referred to simply as Korea, is a state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, and North Korea to the north. Its capital is Seoul. South Korea lies in a temperate climate region with a predominantly mountainous terrain. Its territory covers a total area of 99,392 square kilometers and has a population of .
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Southern California
Southern California (SoCal) is a megaregion, or megapolitan area, in the southern area of the U.S. state of California. Large urban areas include Greater Los Angeles, Greater San Diego, and the Inland Empire. The urban area stretches along the coast from Ventura through the Southland and Inland Empire to San Diego, spilling over the border into Tijuana. Southern California, along with the San Francisco Bay Area, is a major cultural and economic center for the State of California and beyond.
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Stanford University
The Leland Stanford Junior University, commonly referred to as Stanford University or Stanford, is a private research university located in Stanford, California, United States. The university is located on an campus in northwestern Santa Clara Valley approximately southeast of San Francisco and approximately northwest of San Jose.
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Sunset Boulevard
Sunset Boulevard is a street in the western part of Los Angeles County, California, that stretches from Figueroa Street in downtown Los Angeles to the Pacific Coast Highway at the Pacific Ocean in the Pacific Palisades. The street is an icon of Hollywood celebrity culture and the phrase "Sunset Boulevard" is an enduring shorthand for the glamor associated with Tinseltown.
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Sunset Strip
The Sunset Strip is the name given to the mile-and-a-half stretch of Sunset Boulevard that passes through West Hollywood, California. It extends from West Hollywood's eastern border with Hollywood at Harper Avenue, to its western border with Beverly Hills at Sierra Drive. The Strip is probably the best-known portion of Sunset, embracing a premier collection of boutiques, restaurants, rock clubs, and nightclubs that are on the cutting edge of the entertainment industry. It is also known for its trademark array of huge, colorful billboards and has developed a notoriety as a hangout for rock stars, movie stars and other entertainers.
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Syracuse University
Syracuse University (also referred to as SU, Syracuse, or 'Cuse) is a private research university located in Syracuse, New York, United States. Its roots can be traced back to Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1832, which also later founded Genesee College. Following several years of debate over relocating the college to Syracuse, the university was founded independent of the college in 1870. Since 1920, the university has identified itself as nonsectarian, although it still maintains an affiliation with the United Methodist Church. Syracuse was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1966.
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Texas A&M; University
Texas A&M; University, often referred to as A&M; or TAMU, is a coeducational public research university located in College Station, Texas. It is the flagship institution of the Texas A&M; University System. The seventh-largest university in the United States, A&M; enrolls over 49,000 students in ten academic colleges. Texas A&M;'s designation as a land, sea, and space grant institution reflects a broad range of research with ongoing projects funded by agencies such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research. The school ranks in the top 20 American research institutes in terms of funding and has made notable contributions to such fields as animal cloning and petroleum engineering.
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Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University (THU; ), colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911, originally under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang". The school was renamed the "Tsinghua School" in 1912. The university section was founded in 1925 and the name "National Tsinghua University" adopted in 1928. With a motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, Tsinghua University describes itself as being dedicated to academic excellence, the well-being of Chinese society and to global development. Today, many national and international rankings place Tsinghua amongst the best universities in mainland China.
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Tufts University
Tufts University is a private research university in Medford/Somerville, near Boston, Massachusetts. The university is home to the nation's oldest graduate school of international relations, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy.
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UC Berkeley
http://wn.com/UC_Berkeley -
UCLA Medical Center
http://wn.com/UCLA_Medical_Center -
UCSF Medical Center
The University of California, San Francisco Medical Center is a world renowned hospital in research and a teaching hospital in San Francisco, California. It is one of the leading hospitals in the United States and with the UCSF School of Medicine has been the site of various breakthroughs in all specialities of medicine. Patients with complex diseases from around the world seek treatment at UCSF Medical Center.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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University of Iowa
The University of Iowa (also known as U of I, or simply Iowa) is a public flagship state-supported research university located in Iowa City, Iowa. The University of Iowa is the oldest public university in the state. The university is organized into eleven colleges granting undergraduate, graduate, and professional degrees. UI is categorized as RU/VH Research University (very high research activity) in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. The university is a group member of the prestigious American Association of Universities, the Big Ten Conference, Committee on Institutional Cooperation, and the Universities Research Association. The student newspaper, The Daily Iowan, has received numerous collegiate journalism awards over the years and is widely considered one of the finest college newspapers in the country.
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University of Malaya
The University of Malaya (Abbreviation: UM; ) is the oldest university in Malaysia. The university motto is Ilmu Punca Kemajuan ().
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University of Pisa
http://wn.com/University_of_Pisa -
University of Utah
The University of Utah, also known as the U or the U of U, is a public, coeducational research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret, making it Utah's oldest institution of higher education. It received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900. It is one of ten institutions that make up the Utah System of Higher Education.
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USA
http://wn.com/USA -
Venice, Los Angeles
Venice is a district on the Westside of Los Angeles, California, United States. It is known for its canals, beaches and circus-like Ocean Front Walk, that features performers, fortune-tellers and vendors. Throughout the summer months, the boardwalk is actively entertaining, and this tradition continues on weekends in the winter. It is an important tourist attraction in Southern California, and has retained its popularity in part because it is an attractive location for walking and bicycling. It was home to some of Los Angeles' early beat poets and artists and has served as important cultural center of the city.
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West Los Angeles
http://wn.com/West_Los_Angeles -
Woodbury University
Woodbury University is a private, non-profit, coeducational, nonsectarian university located in Burbank, California.
http://wn.com/Woodbury_University -
Yale University
Yale University is a private Ivy League university located in New Haven, Connecticut. Founded in 1701 in the Colony of Connecticut, the university is the third-oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
http://wn.com/Yale_University -
Zhejiang University
Zhejiang University (ZJU; ), sometimes referred to as Zheda, is a national university in China. Founded in 1897, Zhejiang University is one of China's oldest and most prestigious institutions of higher education. The university is one of the nine members of the C9 League.
http://wn.com/Zhejiang_University
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A. Quincy Jones
http://wn.com/A_Quincy_Jones -
African-Americans
http://wn.com/African-Americans -
Al Scates
Al Scates (born 9 June 1939) is an American former volleyball player and is the current volleyball coach of the UCLA Bruins of the Mountain Pacific Sports Federation. Scates, in his 46th year as the coach of the Bruins, is the winningest volleyball coach in the history of the NCAA, and the 19 NCAA titles the Bruins have won during his tenure ties him for the most NCAA titles won by a coach in a single sport with Arkansas' John McDonnell (Indoor Track and Field). Scates has won some kind of collegiate volleyball championship in five different decades, and his NCAA championships are spread across four different decades.
http://wn.com/Al_Scates -
Arthur Ashe
http://wn.com/Arthur_Ashe -
Carlos Bocanegra
http://wn.com/Carlos_Bocanegra -
Cesar Pelli
http://wn.com/Cesar_Pelli -
Charles E. Young
Charles E. "Chuck" Young (born December 30, 1931) is a former American university administrator and professor. Young is a native of California, and earned bachelor's, master's and doctorate degrees before becoming a professor. He is the chancellor emeritus of University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and a professor at the UCLA School of Public Affairs, former chancellor of UCLA, former president of the University of Florida, and currently the chief executive officer of the Los Angeles Museum of Contemporary Art.
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China
China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity.
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Chinese American
Chinese Americans (; ) are Americans of Chinese descent. Chinese Americans constitute one group of Overseas Chinese and also a subgroup of East Asian Americans, which is further a subgroup of Asian Americans. Within this community, the term Chinese American is often broadly defined to include not only immigrants from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau and their descendants but also immigrants and descendants of Overseas Chinese people who migrated to the United States from places as diverse as Singapore, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, Burma, the Philippines, and Taiwan.
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Clipse
Clipse is a critically acclaimed Virginia Beach, Virginia-based hip hop duo. Formed in 1992 by brothers Malice (Gene Thornton) and Pusha T (Terrence Thornton), the group is affiliated with multi-platinum production team The Neptunes.
http://wn.com/Clipse -
Common (rapper)
http://wn.com/Common_(rapper) -
Earl Watson
Earl Joseph Watson, Jr. (born June 12, 1979 in Kansas City, Kansas) is a Mexican-American professional basketball player who currently plays in the National Basketball Association (NBA) for the Utah Jazz. Watson is a graduate of Washington High School in Kansas City, Kansas. In his senior year of high school he averaged 23.4 points, 8.3 assists and 13.2 rebounds per game.
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Elinor Ostrom
http://wn.com/Elinor_Ostrom -
Ella Fitzgerald
http://wn.com/Ella_Fitzgerald -
Erin Brockovich
Erin Brockovich-Ellis (born June 22, 1960) is an American legal clerk and environmental activist who, despite the lack of a formal law school education, was instrumental in constructing a case against the Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E;) of California in 1993. Since the release of the film that shares her story and name, she has hosted Challenge America with Erin Brockovich on ABC and Final Justice on Zone Reality. She is the president of Brockovich Research & Consulting, a consulting firm. She is currently working as a consultant for Girardi & Keese on the east coast, the New York law firm Weitz & Luxenberg, which has a focus on personal injury claims for asbestos exposure, and Shine Lawyers in Australia.
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Estelle (musician)
Estelle Fanta Swaray (born 18 January 1980) commonly known as Estelle, and formerly as '''Est'elle''', is a British R&B; singer-songwriter, rapper and record producer. In 2009, she won a Grammy Award for American Boy featuring Kanye West in the category for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration as well receiving the MOBO for 'Best Newcomer' and received three consecutive 'Best Female Artist' trophies from the UK Hip-Hop Awards.
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Frank Sinatra
http://wn.com/Frank_Sinatra -
Franklin D. Murphy
http://wn.com/Franklin_D_Murphy -
Gene D. Block
Gene D. Block (born 1948) is an American biologist, academic, and chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles. His selection was announced on 21 December 2006, succeeding interim office holder, Norman Abrams on 1 August 2007.
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George Takei
George Hosato Takei Altman (born April 20, 1937) is an American actor of Japanese descent, best known for his role in the television series , in which he played Hikaru Sulu, helmsman of the . He is an outspoken proponent of gay rights and active in state and local politics as well as continuing his acting career. He has won several awards and accolades in his work on human rights and Japanese-American relations, including his work with the Japanese American National Museum.
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Getty Center
[[Image:Getty USGS.jpg|thumb|right|USGS satellite image of the Getty Center. The complex of buildings at bottom right is the Museum. In addition, "a circular building to the west of the Central Garden houses the Getty Research Institute.... Two buildings to the north and east of the Arrival Plaza house the Getty Foundation, the Getty Conservation Institute, and the J. Paul Getty Trust administration offices." [http://maps.live.com/default.aspx?v=2&cp;=34.078~-118.475&style;=o&lvl;=1&sp;=Point.34.078_-118.475_Getty_Center___ Microsoft Virtual Earth view of the Center at a different angle].]]
http://wn.com/Getty_Center -
Giada De Laurentiis
Giada Pamela De Laurentiis (; born August 22, 1970) is an Italian American chef, writer, television personality, and the of the current Food Network program Giada at Home. She also appears regularly as a contributor and guest co-host on NBC's Today. De Laurentiis is the founder of the catering business GDL Foods.
http://wn.com/Giada_De_Laurentiis -
Glenn T. Seaborg
Glenn Theodore Seaborg (; April 19, 1912 – February 25, 1999) was an American scientist who won the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements", contributed to the discovery and isolation of ten elements, and developed the actinide concept, which led to the current arrangement of the actinoid series in the periodic table of the elements. He spent most of his career as an educator and research scientist at the University of California, Berkeley where he became the second Chancellor in its history and served as a University Professor. Seaborg advised ten presidents from Truman to Clinton on nuclear policy and was the chairman of the United States Atomic Energy Commission from 1961 to 1971 where he pushed for commercial nuclear energy and peaceful applications of nuclear science. Throughout his career, Seaborg worked for arms control. He was signator to the Franck Report and contributed to the achievement of the Limited Test Ban Treaty, the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, and the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty. Seaborg was a well-known advocate of science education and federal funding for pure research. He was a key contributor to the report "A Nation at Risk" as a member of President Reagan's National Commission on Excellence in Education and was the principal author of the Seaborg Report on academic science issued in the closing days of the Eisenhower administration.
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Hellogoodbye
Hellogoodbye (styled as hellogoodbye) is a power pop band that was formed in in 2001 by singer Forrest Kline. They were signed to Drive-Thru Records and released their first full-length album Zombies! Aliens! Vampires! Dinosaurs! in 2006, in addition to their previously released EP Hellogoodbye and DVD OMG HGB DVD ROTFL.
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Henry Samueli
Henry Samueli (born September 20, 1954 in Buffalo, New York) is co-founder, senior vice president, and chief technology officer of the Broadcom Corporation, owner of the Anaheim Ducks, and a prominent philanthropist in the Orange County, California community. In 2007 Forbes placed Samueli's net worth at $2.3 billion. He currently resides in Corona del Mar, California. On June 12, 2010, he was awarded the UCLA Medal.
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Henry Waxman
Henry Arnold Waxman (born September 12, 1939) is an American politician. He has represented ([http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/ca30_109.gif map]) in the U.S. House of Representatives since 1975. Waxman, a Democrat, is considered to be one of the most influential liberal members of Congress. His district includes much of the western part of the city of Los Angeles, as well as West Hollywood, Santa Monica and Beverly Hills. Before his election to Congress, he served six years in the California State Assembly.
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I.M. Pei
http://wn.com/IM_Pei -
James Franco
James Edward Franco (born April 19, 1978) is an American actor, film director, screenwriter, film producer, and painter. He began acting during the late 1990s, appearing on the short-lived television series Freaks and Geeks and starring in several teen films. In 2001 he played the title role in Mark Rydell's television biographical film James Dean, which earned him a Golden Globe for Best Actor in a Miniseries or Television Film.
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James Taylor
James Vernon Taylor (born March 12, 1948) is an American singer-songwriter and guitarist born in Boston, Massachusetts, and raised in Carrboro, North Carolina. He owns a house in the Berkshire County town of Washington, Massachusetts. A five-time Grammy Award winner, Taylor was inducted into the Rock & Roll Hall of Fame in 2000.
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Jared Diamond
Jared Mason Diamond (born September 10, 1937) is an American scientist and author whose work draws from a variety of fields. He is currently Professor of Geography and Physiology at UCLA. He is best known for the award-winning popular science books The Third Chimpanzee; Guns, Germs, and Steel; and .
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Jews
:For the Jewish way of life, including religion, law, culture, and philosophy, see Judaism. "Jew" redirects here; for other uses, see Jew (disambiguation).
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John Singleton
John Daniel Singleton (born January 6, 1968) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. A native of South Los Angeles, many of his films consider the implications of inner-city violence like the critically acclaimed and popular Boyz n the Hood, Poetic Justice, Higher Learning and Baby Boy. He has recently branched out into mainstream territory with the blockbuster 2 Fast 2 Furious and Four Brothers.
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John Williams
John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932) is a prolific American composer, conductor, and pianist. In a career spanning six decades, he has composed many of the most recognizable film scores in the history of motion pictures, including those for Jaws, the Star Wars Saga, Superman, the Indiana Jones films, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, Jurassic Park, ''Schindler's List, Home Alone, and three Harry Potter'' films. He has composed the music for all but two of director Steven Spielberg's feature films.
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John Wooden
http://wn.com/John_Wooden -
Judy Chu
http://wn.com/Judy_Chu -
Julie Andrews
Dame Julia Elizabeth Andrews, DBE ( Wells; born 1 October 1935) is an English film and stage actress, singer, and author. She is the recipient of Golden Globe, Emmy, Grammy, BAFTA, People's Choice Award, Theatre World Award, Screen Actors Guild and Academy Award honours. Andrews was a former British child actress and singer who made her Broadway debut in 1954 with The Boy Friend, and rose to prominence starring in other musicals such as My Fair Lady and Camelot, and in musical films such as Mary Poppins (1964), for which she won the Academy Award for Best Actress, and The Sound of Music (1965): the roles for which she is still best-known. Her voice spanned four octaves until it was damaged by a throat operation in 1997.
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Kirsten Gillibrand
Kirsten Elizabeth Rutnik Gillibrand (; born December 9, 1966) is the junior United States Senator from New York and a member of the Democratic Party. On January 23, 2009, Gillibrand was appointed by Governor David Paterson to fill the U.S. Senate seat vacated by Hillary Rodham Clinton, who assumed the office of United States Secretary of State in the Obama administration. She is the second woman to serve as a U.S. Senator from New York.
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Latinos
http://wn.com/Latinos -
Mexican American
Mexican Americans are Americans of Mexican descent or Mexicans who have obtained American citizenship. Mexican Americans account for more than 12.5% of the United States' population: 30.7 million Americans listed their ancestry as Mexican as of 2006, forming about 64% of all Hispanics and Latinos in the United States. The United States is home to the second largest Mexican community in the world, second only to Mexico itself. Most Mexican Americans are the descendants of the Indigenous peoples of Mexico and/or Europeans, especially Spaniards. Mexican American settlement concentrations are in metropolitan and rural areas across the United States.
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Natalie Cole
Natalie Maria Cole (born February 6, 1950) is an American singer, songwriter and performer. She achieved success in her early career as an R&B; star, but smoothly changed her repertoire toward a more pop and jazz oriented musical style in the early 1990s. She has won nine Grammy Awards. Cole has been singing since she was 5 years old.
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Norman Abrams
Norman Abrams (born 1933) is an American academic, and Professor Emeritus at the UCLA School of Law. He succeeded Albert Carnesale on 30 June 2006 as interim-chancellor of the University of California, Los Angeles until his permanent replacement, Gene D. Block, was appointed in on 1 August 2007.
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Peking University
http://wn.com/Peking_University -
Quincy Jones
http://wn.com/Quincy_Jones -
Rafael Vinoly
http://wn.com/Rafael_Vinoly -
Ralph Bunche
Ralph Johnson Bunche (August 7, 1903(4?) (There is some dispute as to his actual year of birth)December 9, 1971) was an American political scientist and diplomat who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for his late 1940s mediation in Palestine. He was the first person of color to be so honored in the history of the Prize. He was involved in the formation and administration of the United Nations. In 1963, he received the Medal of Freedom from President John F. Kennedy.
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Ray Charles
Ray Charles Robinson (September 23, 1930June 10, 2004), better known by his shortened stage name Ray Charles, was an American musician. Ray was a pioneer in the genre of soul music during the 1950s by fusing rhythm & blues, gospel, and blues styles into his early recordings with Atlantic Records. He also helped racially integrate country and pop music during the 1960s with his crossover success on ABC Records, most notably with his Modern Sounds albums. While with ABC, Charles became one of the first African-American musicians to be given artistic control by a mainstream record company.
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Richard Meier
:For the American urban planner, see Richard L. Meier
http://wn.com/Richard_Meier -
Sara Bareilles
Sara Beth Bareilles (; born December 7, 1979) is an American singer-songwriter and pianist. She achieved mainstream success in 2007 with the hit single "Love Song", which brought her into the number one spot on the Billboard Pop 100 chart. Bareilles' vocal range registers from contralto to mezzo-soprano.
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Saul Friedländer
http://wn.com/Saul_Friedländer -
Sean Astin
Sean Astin (born February 25, 1971) is an American film actor, director, and producer better known for his film roles as Mikey Walsh in The Goonies, the title character of Rudy, and Samwise Gamgee in the Lord of the Rings trilogy. In television, he appeared as Lynn McGill in the fifth season of 24. Most recently, he provided the voice for the title character in Disney's Special Agent Oso.
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Stevie Wonder
Stevland Hardaway Judkins (born May 13, 1950), name later changed to Stevland Hardaway Morris, known by his stage name Stevie Wonder, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, record producer and activist. Blind from shortly after birth, Wonder signed with Motown Records' Tamla label at the age of eleven, and continues to perform and record for Motown to this day.
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T.I.
Clifford Joseph Harris, Jr. (born September 25, 1980), better known by his stage name T.I. or T.I.P., is an American recording artist, film & music producer, and occasional actor. He is the founder and co-chief executive officer (CEO) of Grand Hustle Records.
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Terence Tao
http://wn.com/Terence_Tao -
Tim Robbins
Timothy Francis "Tim" Robbins (born October 16, 1958) is an American actor, screenwriter, director, producer, activist and musician. He is the former longtime partner of actress Susan Sarandon. He is known for his roles as Nuke in Bull Durham, Andy Dufresne in The Shawshank Redemption, and as Dave Boyle in Mystic River, for which he won an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.
http://wn.com/Tim_Robbins -
Tsinghua University
Tsinghua University (THU; ), colloquially known in Chinese as Qinghua, is a university in Beijing, China. The school is one of the nine universities of the C9 League. It was established in 1911, originally under the name "Tsinghua Xuetang". The school was renamed the "Tsinghua School" in 1912. The university section was founded in 1925 and the name "National Tsinghua University" adopted in 1928. With a motto of Self-Discipline and Social Commitment, Tsinghua University describes itself as being dedicated to academic excellence, the well-being of Chinese society and to global development. Today, many national and international rankings place Tsinghua amongst the best universities in mainland China.
http://wn.com/Tsinghua_University -
Vern Oliver Knudsen
Vern Oliver Knudsen (Provo, Utah, December 27, 1893 - May 13, 1974) was an American acoustical physicist.
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Vint Cerf
Vinton Gray "Vint" Cerf (; born June 23, 1943) is an American computer scientist who is recognized as one of
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Welton Becket
http://wn.com/Welton_Becket -
William Pereira
William Leonard Pereira (April 25, 1909 – November 13, 1985) was an American architect from Chicago, Illinois, of Portuguese ancestry who was noted for his futuristic designs of landmark buildings such as the Transamerica Pyramid in San Francisco. Remarkably prolific, he worked out of Los Angeles, and was known for his love of science fiction and expensive cars, but mostly for his unmistakable style of architecture, which helped define the look of mid-20th century America.
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William Stephens
William Dennison Stephens (December 26, 1859 April 25, 1944) was an American federal and state politician. A three-term member of the U.S. House of Representatives from 1911 to 1916, Stephens was also the 24th Governor of California from 1917 to 1923.
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Ying Yang Twins
The Ying Yang Twins is an Atlanta-based American crunk rap duo consisting of Kaine (born Eric Jackson on December 16, 1978) and D-Roc (born '''De'Angelo Holmes''' on February 23, 1979). The group debuted in 2000 and rose to mainstream popularity in 2003 collaborating with Lil Jon in his single "Get Low". In 2004 and 2005, Ying Yang Twins became more popular with party singles "Salt Shaker", "What's Happnin", "Shake", and "Badd".
http://wn.com/Ying_Yang_Twins
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UCLA Water Polo Alums Headed to London
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Published: 17 Jul 2012
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
UCLA Head Coach (and former player) Adam Wright, and former Bruins Goalkeeper Chay Lapin will represent UCLA and the United States as members of the US Olympic Water Polo team.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Water_Polo_Alums_Headed_to_London
UCLA Basketball Freshmen Start Summer School
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:14
- Published: 05 Jul 2012
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
UCLA's newest basketball players are on campus and enrolled in Summer School.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Basketball_Freshmen_Start_Summer_School
UCLA Football Friday: Jeff Ulbrich Mic'ed Up
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Published: 06 Jul 2012
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Go inside UCLA football as we touch base with UCLA LB and Special Teams Coach Jeff Ulbrich.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Football_Friday_Jeff_Ulbrich_Mic'ed_Up
UCLA Psychology Department Commencement 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 100:03
- Published: 10 Jul 2012
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Six hundred and seventy students participated in the Psychology Undergraduate Commencement Celebration on Saturday, June 16, 2012.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Psychology_Department_Commencement_2012
Students share their stories - 2012 UCLA Extension Graduation
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:29
- Published: 13 Jul 2012
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
UCLA Extension Certificate Student Testimonials
http://wn.com/Students_share_their_stories_2012_UCLA_Extension_Graduation
Pac-12 Networks and UCLA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:01
- Published: 13 Jul 2012
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
More fans will see more UCLA sports on more channels than ever before when the Pac-12 Networks launches on August 15. To learn if you will get Pac-12 Networks from your TV provider visit the Pac-12 Networks Channel Finder at iwantpac12networks.com.
http://wn.com/Pac-12_Networks_and_UCLA
Welcome to UCLA!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 13 Sep 2010
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
See and hear students, faculty and staff explain what makes UCLA an amazing place.
http://wn.com/Welcome_to_UCLA!
UCLA Football Freshmen Arrive in Westwood
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:50
- Published: 25 Jun 2012
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
The Newest Bruins move into the dorms to start their summer classes.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Football_Freshmen_Arrive_in_Westwood
Living on Campus at UCLA
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:32
- Published: 13 Apr 2012
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
UCLA's thriving residential community, The Hill, is like a small city within itself. More than 90% of freshmen live there.
http://wn.com/Living_on_Campus_at_UCLA
Dr. Michael J. Burry at UCLA Economics Commencement 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:39
- Published: 20 Jun 2012
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
2012 UCLA Department of Economics Commencement featuring Dr. Michael J. Burry as keynote speaker Keywords: Dr. Michael Burry, UCLA, Economics, Graduation 2012, Scion Capital Group, LLC
http://wn.com/Dr_Michael_J_Burry_at_UCLA_Economics_Commencement_2012
Jim Mora Pleased with UCLA Football's Spring Camp
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:20
- Published: 01 May 2012
- Updated: 03 May 2012
The Bruins Head Coach talks about the positives he has seen through four weeks of UCLA's Spring Practice.
http://wn.com/Jim_Mora_Pleased_with_UCLA_Football's_Spring_Camp
UCLA Offense Shines in Annual Spring Game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:01
- Published: 06 May 2012
- Updated: 31 May 2012
Bruins have high points on both sides of the ball as they wrap up spring practice schedule.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Offense_Shines_in_Annual_Spring_Game
Pauley Pavilion construction update
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:19
- Published: 01 May 2012
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
UCLA's historic arena and gathering space reopens this fall after extensive upgrading inspired by legendary Coach John Wooden. Take a tour of the work in progress.
http://wn.com/Pauley_Pavilion_construction_update
Vlog #4: Asians in the Library - UCLA Girl (Alexandra Wallace) going wild on Asians
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 14 Mar 2011
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
DISCLAIMER: What I say is for comedic purposes and in NO way should anyone harm another person no matter HOW STUPID their opinions are ok? I came by this when a friend of mine posted this on facebook.. and I HAD TO DO SOMETHING ON THIS... check this ISH OUT!... YOU HAVE GOT TO BE KIDDING ME.... WARNING MILD CURSING IN THIS ONE! FBOOK FAN PAGE: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Vlog_4_Asians_in_the_Library_UCLA_Girl_Alexandra_Wallace_going_wild_on_Asians
Jim Mora After UCLA Spring Practice #12
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:31
- Published: 29 Apr 2012
- Updated: 29 Apr 2012
Coach meets the media.
http://wn.com/Jim_Mora_After_UCLA_Spring_Practice_12
Jim Mora After UCLA Football Spring Game
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:52
- Published: 06 May 2012
- Updated: 09 May 2012
Coach meets the media.
http://wn.com/Jim_Mora_After_UCLA_Football_Spring_Game
African American Doctor Depicted as Gorilla at UCLA Event
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:09
- Published: 10 May 2012
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
SIGN THE CHANGE.ORG PETITION TO SUPPORT DR. HEAD: www.change.org A respected African American faculty surgeon filed a racial discrimination suit against the UCLA Medical Center and UC Regents. Dr. Christian Head has been intentionally degraded based on his race and UCLA officials have ignored blatant acts of racial discrimination, including an edited photo depicting Dr. Head as a gorilla being sodomized by his supervisor. That alone is offensive. But the fact that the photo was publicly presented for laughs during an annual medical school sponsored event attended by more than 200 physicians, faculty, residents and guests is both shocking and indefensible. Hear what Dr. Head has endured and what UCLA officials continue ignore.
http://wn.com/African_American_Doctor_Depicted_as_Gorilla_at_UCLA_Event
UCLA Needs Justin Combs (and Diddy) to Make Them Hot - Bomani & Jones, Episode 21
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:19
- Published: 04 Jun 2012
- Updated: 17 Jul 2012
Some UCLA students are upset that Justin Combs, the son of rap mogul Sean "Diddy" Combs, received a full scholarship to play football for the Bruins. However, those students are failing to realize how beneficial Diddy's presence on campus could be for UCLA. Diddy can provide help in an area where the school has struggled. Diddy can make UCLA hot. Subscribe to our channel for more sports videos! Click here: www.youtube.com Check us out on Facebook (Facebook.com/SBNation) and follow us on Twitter (@SBNStudios)! SB Nation: Pro Quality, Fan Perspective www.sbnation.com Photo credit Getty Images www.gettyimages.com #79204827 #134585353 #140090724 #103846688 #107059622 #2486104 #108252031
http://wn.com/UCLA_Needs_Justin_Combs_and_Diddy_to_Make_Them_Hot_Bomani_Jones,_Episode_21
Jessica Jackley keynotes UCLA commencement
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:14
- Published: 16 Jun 2012
- Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Internet microlending pioneer Jessica Jackley told UCLA College of Letters and Science graduates to figure out what they love and "run madly toward those things and those people." She is co-founder of Kiva. ucla.in
http://wn.com/Jessica_Jackley_keynotes_UCLA_commencement
UCLA Football Spring Practice Opens April 3
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Published: 30 Mar 2012
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
Johnathan Franklin spreads the word about UCLA Football opening their spring training camp on April 3, 2012.
http://wn.com/UCLA_Football_Spring_Practice_Opens_April_3
UCLA marriage proposal fail on jumbo vision.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:40
- Published: 03 Jan 2012
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
A few days before Christmas, A UCLA basketball fan decided to pop the question to his girlfriend in front of the entire stadium. As it turns out, the only thing more embarrassing than being proposed to in public is being turned down in front of 10000 sports fans. LA Times sports reporter Baxter Holmes tweeted, "Some people are asking me if that runaway proposal was staged. I just asked. A UCLA spokesman said it wasn't.
http://wn.com/UCLA_marriage_proposal_fail_on_jumbo_vision
OFFICIAL Trang and Nam Proposal Flash Mob at UCLA 9-24-11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:03
- Published: 26 Sep 2011
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
facebook.com Nam and Trang met eachother on the campus of UCLA. He decided to bring her back to where they met for the ultimate surprise! Choreography by Zakk Manzella Song: "Can't Take My Eyes off You" written by Bob Crewe and Bob Gaudio and performed by Morten Harket. As seen on: KTLA CNN TODAY with Kathy Lee & Hoda KGO-TV Good Morning America flashmobamerica.com http
http://wn.com/OFFICIAL_Trang_and_Nam_Proposal_Flash_Mob_at_UCLA_9-24-11
Wayne Cook and Matt Stevens Analyze UCLA's Scrimmage
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:49
- Published: 23 Apr 2012
- Updated: 25 Apr 2012
The Bruins Radio Network analysts talk about the 1st scrimmage of the spring.
http://wn.com/Wayne_Cook_and_Matt_Stevens_Analyze_UCLA's_Scrimmage
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22 Jul 2012
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On July 9, 2012, the University of California's Advisory Council on Campus Climate, Culture and Inclusion presented its fact-finding report and recommendations on Jewish Student Campus Climate....
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SAN FRANCISCO — UCLA's controversial plan to build a conference center and 250-room hotel on campus won crucial approval Tuesday from a University of California regents' panel. The $162-million project, to be built on the site of a garage south of the Bruin statue, was unanimously endorsed by...(size: 30.1Kb)
"UCLA", "Ucla", and "U.C.L.A." redirect here. For other uses, see UCLA (disambiguation).
 |
It has been suggested that UCLA Blue be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) Proposed since November 2011. |
| University of California, Los Angeles |
|
|---|---|
| UCLA Seal (Trademark of the Regents of the University of California) | |
| Motto | Fiat Lux Let There Be Light |
| Established | 1882 |
| Type | Public |
| Endowment | US $2.64 billion (June 30, 2011) [1] |
| Chancellor | Gene D. Block[2] |
| Provost | Scott L. Waugh[3] |
| Academic staff | 4,016[4] |
| Admin. staff | 26,139 |
| Students | 39,271 |
| Undergraduates | 27,199 |
| Postgraduates | 12,072[5] |
| Location | Los Angeles, California, United States 34°04′20.00″N 118°26′38.75″W / 34.07222°N 118.4440972°W / 34.07222; -118.4440972Coordinates: 34°04′20.00″N 118°26′38.75″W / 34.07222°N 118.4440972°W / 34.07222; -118.4440972 |
| Campus | Urban 419 acres (1.7 km²) |
| Former names | University of California Southern Branch (1919–1927) University of California at Los Angeles (1927-1958) |
| Newspaper | Daily Bruin |
| Colors | UCLA Blue[6] Gold[6] |
| Athletics | 22 Varsity Teams NCAA Division I |
| Nickname | UCLA Bruins |
| Mascot | Joe & Josephine Bruin [7] |
| Affiliations | MPSF AAU Pacific-12 University of California |
| Website | ucla.edu |
 |
|
The University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a public research university located in the Westwood neighborhood of Los Angeles, California, USA. It was established in 1882 as the "Southern Branch" of the California State Normal School and is the second oldest of the ten campuses of the University of California system. It is considered as one of the flagship institutions of the University of California system,[8][9][10][11][12] offers over 300 undergraduate and graduate degree programs in a wide range of disciplines. With an enrollment of about 27,000 undergraduate and about 12,000 graduate students from the United States and around the world, UCLA is the largest university in the state of California in terms of student body.[13] The university was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1974.[14]
The university is organized into five undergraduate colleges, seven professional schools, and five professional Health Science schools. Fourteen Nobel Prize laureates, one Fields Medalist,[15] and one Turing award winner[16] have been affiliated with the university as faculty, researchers, or alumni. Among the current faculty members, 51 have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, 23 to the National Academy of Engineering, 37 to the Institute of Medicine, and 120 to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[17]
UCLA student-athletes compete intercollegiately as the Bruins. As a member of the Pacific-12 Conference, the Bruins have won 125 national championships, including 108 NCAA team championships as of December 2011, more than any other university.[18][19] UCLA student-athletes have won 214 Olympic medals - 106 gold, 54 silver and 54 bronze. The Bruins have had at least one competitor in every Olympics since 1920 with one exception (1924), and UCLA has won a gold medal in every Olympics since 1932 with the exception of 1980 (boycott).[20]
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: History of the University of California, Los Angeles
In March 1881, after heavy lobbying by Los Angeles residents, the California State Legislature authorized the creation of a southern branch of the California State Normal School (which later became San Jose State University) in downtown Los Angeles to train teachers for the growing population of Southern California. The State Normal School at Los Angeles opened on August 29, 1882, on what is now the site of the Central Library of the Los Angeles Public Library system. The new facility included an elementary school where teachers-in-training could practice their teaching technique on children. That elementary school is related to the present day version, UCLA Lab School. In 1887, the school became known as the Los Angeles State Normal School.[21]
In 1914, the school moved to a new campus on Vermont Avenue (now the site of Los Angeles City College) in Hollywood. In 1917, UC Regent Edward A. Dickson, the only regent representing the Southland at the time, and Ernest Carroll Moore, Director of the Normal School, began working together to lobby the State Legislature to enable the school to become the second University of California campus, after Berkeley. They met resistance from Berkeley alumni, Northern California members of the state legislature, and Benjamin Ide Wheeler, President of the University of California from 1899 to 1919, who were all vigorously opposed to the idea of a southern campus. David Prescott Barrows, the new President of the University of California, did not share Wheeler's objections. On May 23, 1919, the Southern Californians' efforts were rewarded when Governor William D. Stephens signed Assembly Bill 626 into law, which turned the campus into the Southern Branch of the University of California and added its general undergraduate program, the College of Letters and Science.[22] The Southern Branch campus opened on September 15 of that year, offering two-year undergraduate programs to 250 Letters and Science students and 1,250 students in the Teachers College, under Moore's continued direction.
Under University of California President William Wallace Campbell, enrollment at the Southern Branch expanded so rapidly that by the mid-1920s the institution was outgrowing the 25 acre Vermont Avenue location. The Regents conducted a search for a new location and announced their selection of the so-called "Beverly Site"—just west of Beverly Hills—on March 21, 1925 edging out the panoramic hills of the still-empty Palos Verdes Peninsula. After the athletic teams entered the Pacific Coast conference in 1926, the Southern Branch student council adopted the nickname "Bruins," a name offered by the student council at Berkeley.[23] In 1927, the Regents renamed the campus the "University of California at Los Angeles" (the word "at" was officially replaced by a comma in 1958, in line with other UC campuses) and the state broke ground in Westwood on land sold for $1 million, less than one-third its value, by real estate developers Edwin and Harold Janss, for whom the Janss Steps are named.[21]
The original four buildings were the College Library, Royce Hall, the Physics-Biology Building, and the Chemistry Building (now Powell Library, Royce Hall, the Humanities Building, and Haines Hall, respectively), arrayed around a quadrangular courtyard on the 400 acre (1.6 km²) campus. The first undergraduate classes on the new campus were held in 1929 with 5,500 students. In 1933, after further lobbying by alumni, faculty, administration and community leaders, UCLA was permitted to award the master's degree, and in 1936, the doctorate, against continued resistance from Berkeley.[24]
A timeline of the history can be found on its website,[25] as well as a published book.[26]
Maturity as a university[link]
The campus received its first chancellor in 1951, thereby establishing itself as an autonomous entity within the UC system. The appointment of Franklin David Murphy to the position of Chancellor in 1960 helped to spark an era of tremendous growth of facilities and faculty honors. By the end of the decade, UCLA had achieved distinction in a wide range of subjects. This era also secured UCLA's position as a proper university in its own right and not simply a branch of the UC system. This change is exemplified by an incident involving Chancellor Murphy, which was described by him later on:
"I picked up the telephone and called in from somewhere, and the phone operator said, 'University of California.' And I said, 'Is this Berkeley?' She said, 'No.' I said, 'Well, who have I gotten to?' 'UCLA.' I said, 'Why didn't you say UCLA?' 'Oh,' she said, 'we're instructed to say University of California.' So the next morning I went to the office and wrote a memo; I said, 'Will you please instruct the operators, as of noon today, when they answer the phone to say, "UCLA."' And they said, 'You know they won't like it at Berkeley.' And I said, 'Well, let's just see. There are a few things maybe we can do around here without getting their permission.'" [27]
File:220px-UCLA Bruin.jpg
The statue of the UCLA Bruin, on Bruin Walk. The statue was designed by Billy Fitzgerald.[28]
In 2006, the university completed Campaign UCLA, which collected over $3.05 billion and is the second most successful fundraising campaign.[29][30] In 2008, UCLA raised over $456 million, ranking the institution among the top 10 universities in the United States in total fundraising for the year.[31]
On January 26, 2011 Meyer and Renee Luskin donated $100 million dollars to UCLA[32] On February 14, 2011 UCLA received a $200 million donation gift by The Lincy Foundation in order to establish The Dream Fund, which is "a community-based fund devoted to the support of medical research and academic programs at UCLA."[33]
1994 Northridge Earthquake[link]
Damage from the earthquake on January 17th at 4:30 am caused structural damage and chemical spills to several buildings, including the medical center.[34] At the time, the campus was undergoing a two-decade program to reinforce the buildings. As a result, this quake accelerated efforts to make the campus buildings more resistant to earthquakes. This program helped save and preserve the campus's icons.
Campus[link]
When UCLA opened its new campus in 1929, it had four buildings. Today, the campus includes 163 buildings across 419 acres (1.7 km²) in the western part of Los Angeles, north of the Westwood shopping district and just south of Sunset Boulevard. In terms of acreage, it is the smallest of the 10 UC campuses. The campus is close but not adjacent to the San Diego Freeway.[35]
The campus includes sculpture gardens, fountains, museums, and a mix of architectural styles. It is located in the residential area of Westwood and bordered by Bel-Air, Beverly Hills, and Brentwood. The campus is informally divided into North Campus and South Campus, which are both on the eastern half of the university's land. North Campus is the original campus core; its buildings are more old-fashioned in appearance and clad in imported Italian brick. North Campus is home to the arts, humanities, social sciences, law, and business programs and is centered around ficus and sycamore-lined Dickson Court, also known as the "Sunken Garden." South Campus is home to the physical sciences, life sciences, engineering, psychology, mathematical sciences, all health-related fields, and the UCLA Medical Center.
Ackerman Union, the John Wooden Center, the Arthur Ashe Health and Wellness Center, the Student Activities Center, Kerckhoff Hall, the J.D. Morgan Center, the James West Alumni Center, and Pauley Pavilion stand at the center of the campus. Bruin Walk, a heavily traveled pathway from housing to the main campus, bisects the campus.
Architecture[link]
The first campus buildings were designed by the local firm Allison & Allison. The Romanesque Revival style of these first four structures remained the predominant building style on campus until the 1950s, when architect Welton Becket was hired to supervise the expansion of the campus over the next two decades. Becket greatly streamlined the general appearance of the campus, adding several rows of minimalist, slab–shaped brick buildings to the southern half of the campus, the largest of these being the UCLA Medical Center.[36] Architects such as A. Quincy Jones, William Pereira and Paul Williams designed many subsequent structures on the campus during the mid-20th century. More recent additions include buildings designed by architects I.M. Pei, Venturi, Scott Brown and Associates, Richard Meier, Cesar Pelli, and Rafael Vinoly. In order to accommodate UCLA's rapidly growing student population, multiple construction and renovation projects are in progress, including expansions of the life sciences and engineering research complexes. This continuous construction gives UCLA the on-campus nickname of "Under Construction Like Always."[37]
The tallest building on campus is named after Ralph Bunche, an African-American alumnus, who received the 1950 Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating an armistice agreement between the Jews and Arabs in Israel. A bust of him, on the entrance to Bunche Hall, overlooks the Franklin D. Murphy Sculpture Garden. He was the first individual of non-European background and the first UCLA alumnus to be honored with the Prize.
A mile from campus, the UCLA Hannah Carter Japanese Garden is located in the community of Bel-Air. The garden was designed by landscape architect Nagao Sakurai of Tokyo and garden designer Kazuo Nakamura of Kyoto in 1959. After the garden was damaged by heavy rains in 1969, UCLA Professor of Art and Campus Architect Koichi Kawana took on the task of its reconstruction.
Filming[link]
With a location near Hollywood and a world-famous film and television school, the UCLA campus has attracted filming for decades. Much of the 1985 film Gotcha! was shot at UCLA, as well as John Singleton's Higher Learning (1995). Legally Blonde (2001)', Old School (2003), The Nutty Professor (1995), Erin Brockovich (2000), How High (2001), National Lampoon's: Van Wilder, and American Pie 2 were all mainly shot at the university campus or locale. In January 2009, the Bollywood movie My Name is Khan was shot at UCLA. Some of the exterior shots of the fictional UC Sunnydale in Buffy the Vampire Slayer, the book Sweet L.A. Life's spin-off The College Years and ABC Family original series Greek were also filmed at UCLA. In response to the major demand for filming, UCLA instated a policy on filming and professional photography at the campus.[38] "UCLA is located in Los Angeles, the same place as the American motion picture industry," said UCLA visiting professor of film and television Jonathan Kuntz.[39] "So we're convenient for (almost) all of the movie companies, TV production companies, commercial companies and so on. We're right where the action is."
Transportation and parking[link]
The campus maintains 24,000 parking spaces and operates an award-winning sustainable transportation program.[40][41][42] Elements of the sustainable transportation program include vanpools, a campus shuttle system called BruinBus, discounted carpool permits, and subsidized transit passes. One of the pass programs includes BruinGo!, which allows students and staff members to purchase discounted one-way or quarterly passes to ride Santa Monica's Big Blue Bus and Culver City's Culver CityBus.[43]
Academics[link]
UCLA Healthcare[link]
File:Medcenter.jpg
UCLA Medical Plaza is near the main entrance to the campus
The David Geffen School of Medicine, along with the School of Nursing, School of Dentistry, and School of Public Health, comprise the professional schools of health science. In 2005, UCLA announced its five-year plan to establish the Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine; the state of California is rare in its public funding of research with new embryonic stem cell lines. The California NanoSystems Institute is another project that was created out of a partnership with the University of California, Santa Barbara to pioneer innovations in the field of nanotechnology.[37][44]
The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center is a part of a larger healthcare system, UCLA Healthcare, which also operates a hospital in Santa Monica and seven primary care clinics throughout Los Angeles County. In addition, the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine uses two Los Angeles County public hospitals as teaching hospitals—Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Olive View-UCLA Medical Center—as well as the largest private nonprofit hospital on the West Coast, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. In 1981, the UCLA Medical Center made history when an assistant professor named Michael Gottlieb first diagnosed an unknown affliction later to be called AIDS. UCLA medical researchers also pioneered the use of PET scanning to study brain function. The signaling cascade of nitric oxide, one of the most important molecules in cardiopulmonary physiology was discovered in part by the medical school's Professor of Pharmacology Louis J. Ignarro. For this, he was awarded the 1998 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology along with two other researchers – Robert F. Furchgott of the SUNY Health Science Center and Ferid Murad of the University of Texas Medical School at Houston.
In the 2007 edition of U.S. News and World Report, UCLA Medical Center was ranked best in the West, as well as one of the top 3 hospitals in the United States alongside Mayo Clinic, Cleveland Clinic, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Johns Hopkins Hospital. In 15 of the 16 medical specialty areas examined, UCLA Medical Center ranked in the top 20.[45]
Rankings[link]
| University rankings (overall) | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| ARWU[46] | 10 |
| Forbes[47] | 55 |
| U.S. News & World Report[48] | 25 |
| Washington Monthly[49] | 2 |
| Global | |
| ARWU[50] | 12 |
| QS[51] | 34 |
| Times[52] | 13 |
Global rankings[link]
In 2011-2012, UCLA ranked 13th in the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[53] With regard to reputation, UCLA was ranked 9th globally in 2012, by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings.[54] In 2011, UCLA ranked 34th in the QS World University Rankings,[55] one position higher than the previous year. In 2010, UCLA was ranked 32nd by the U.S. News and World Report's World's Best Universities.[56] UCLA was ranked 12th in Newsweek's annual ranking of the Top 100 Global universities.[57] In 2012, UCLA was ranked 9th by Bloomberg L.P.'s World University Rankings.[58] UCLA was ranked 13th in the 2010 Academic Ranking of World Universities (ARWU).[59] and in 2007, was ranked 13th in the world (11th in North America) by Top 500 World Universities, an annual list published by the Institute of Higher Education at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China.[60] Global Universities Ranking lists UCLA as 15th in the world.[61] UCLA is ranked 33rd in Financial Times' Global MBA Rankings in 2010.[62] Human Resources & Labor Review, a national human competitiveness index & analysis, ranked the university 14th in 2010 internationally as one of 50 Best World Universities.[63]
In the High Impact Universities rankings, UCLA was only one of two universities (the other being Harvard) which had all of its faculties ranked in the top 10.[64]
U.S. rankings[link]
U.S. News & World Report ranked UCLA, tied with UVA, 2nd among public universities. It was also ranked 25th among national universities (tied with UVA and Wake Forest.) [65] In the August 21–28, 2006 issue of Newsweek (also released as the 2007 issue of the Kaplan Guide to Colleges), UCLA was listed as one of "25 New Ivies".[66] The Washington Monthly ranks UCLA third nationally with criteria based on research, community service, and social mobility, and first in community service participation.[67]
UCLA was ranked third among national research universities by the Center for Measuring University Performance in 2009.[68] The Princeton Review listed UCLA as a "Dream School" selected by both students and parents in 2010. It was also the only public university in the ranking.[69]
UCLA took the second spot among all universities (surpassed only by Johns Hopkins University), and the top spot among public universities, for research spending in the sciences and engineering during the fiscal year 2004, according to a 2006 report by the National Science Foundation—UCLA spent $773 million.[70]
UCLA ranks 9th, in a 6-way tie, and 2-way tie among public universities with UC Berkeley, for producing the largest number of billionaires (9).[71]
Graduate and Professional schools[link]
The Anderson School of Management and the David Geffen School of Medicine consistently rank among the top ten in the United States. UCLA's oldest operating unit, the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies (GSEIS), was ranked second among American graduate schools of education in the 2006 edition of U.S. News and World Report, America's Best Graduate Schools.[72] The UCLA School of Law is also highly-regarded, and is the youngest law school in the country to consistently rank in the top 15 nationally. Also, UCLA Law was named among the Princeton Review's "10 Hardest Law Schools To Get Into" in 2009. Additionally, in 2009, the UCLA School of Theater, Film, and Television was ranked 3rd nationally by US News and World Reports and the School of Architecture placed 2nd in the country according to The Key Centre for Architectural Sociology. UCLA school of nursing was ranked by US News and World Report as one of the top ten nursing programs in the country,
Departments and professors[link]
In 1995, of the 36 Ph.D. programs examined by the National Research Council, eleven departments were ranked in the top ten.[73] Thirty-one of the Ph.D. programs examined were ranked in the top 20, the third highest number of those distinctions in the country. According to US News and World Report, many UCLA graduate programs rank in the top 20 nationally, including Clinical Psychology (1), Psychology (3), Fine Arts (7), Geography (8), Mathematics (8), Sociology (9), History (9), English (10), Public Health (10), Political Science (11), Economics (14), Computer Science (14), Chemistry (16), Earth Sciences (17), and Physics (19).
In the Institute for Scientific Information's 2004 database, 48 UCLA professors were listed as highly cited, making UCLA faculty 11th in the United States; as of December 2006, there were 54 highly cited faculty.[74]
Library system[link]
Main article: University of California, Los Angeles, library system
UCLA's library system has over eight million books and 70,000 serials spread over twelve libraries and eleven other archives, reading rooms, and research centers. It is the nation's 14th largest library in number of volumes.[75]
The first library, University library (presently Powell), was founded in 1884. In 1910, Elizabeth Fargo became the university's first librarian. Lawrence Powell became librarian in 1944, and began a series of system overhauls and modifications, and in 1959, he was named Dean of the School of Library Service.[76] More libraries were added as previous ones filled. Page Ackerman became University Librarian in 1973, and was the nation's first female librarian of a system as large as UCLA's. She oversaw the first coordinations between other UC schools, and formed a new administrative network that is still in use today.[77] Since her retirement, the system has seen steady growth and improvement under various Librarians. The present University Librarian is Gary E. Strong, who has been in office since September 1, 2003.[78]
Admissions[link]
Undergraduate[link]
Fall freshman statistics[79][80][81]
| 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Applicants | 72,699 | 61,566 | 57,678 | 55,708 | 55,441 |
| Admits | 15,478 | 15,689 | 13,088 | 12,179 | 12,660 |
| % Admitted | 21.30 | 25.48 | 22.69 | 21.86 | 22.84 |
This table does not account deferred
applications or other unique situations.
UCLA is rated "Most Selective" by the Princeton Review, with an admissions selectivity rating of 98 (on a scale of 60–99).[82] The university received 72,626 applications for the Fall 2012 freshman class, retaining its position as the university with the most freshmen applicants, a title it has held since 1998.[83][84][85] In 2007, UCLA became the most selective public university in the United States when it admitted a record low 23.57% of applicants, edging out the University of California, Berkeley and the University of Virginia.[86] Succeeding years brought no change to UCLA's status as the most selective public university in the United States for new freshmen with only 22.84%, 21.86%, 22.69%, 25.48% and 17.84% of applicants accepted for the freshman classes of 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012 respectively.[83][85]
| Ethnic enrollment, 2011[87] | Under- graduates |
Graduate students |
Per- centage |
| Black Non-Hispanic | 1,099 | 475 | 4.0% |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 9,941 | 2,532 | 32.0% |
| Hispanic | 4,502 | 1,053 | 13.9% |
| American Indian or Alaskan Native | 144 | 62 | 0.5% |
| White Non-Hispanic | 8,486 | 4,556 | 33.7% |
| Unstated, Unknown, Other | 1,013 | 1,202 | 5.6% |
| Total | 27,199 | 12,072 | 100% |
3,041 transfer students entered UCLA in Fall 2011, with 92.4% from the California Community Colleges System. Over the past 15 years over 45,000 transfer students have entered UCLA. One-third of baccalaureate degrees are awarded to students who entered UCLA as transfer students. One of the major current debates is over the decreasing admission of African-Americans and Latinos, especially since the passage of Proposition 209, prohibiting racial, sexual, or ethnic discrimination at public institutions, in 1996.[88] Out of the 4,700 students in the Fall 2006 class, 96 were African American, and 20 of those were recruited athletes. This is the lowest number of African Americans to enter into a class at UCLA in more than 30 years, and it comes at a time when the other schools in the UC system are seeing an increase. In response to this issue, UCLA decided to shift to a more holistic admissions process, similar to that of UC Berkeley, starting Fall 2007.[89] Preliminary data show that the overall number of underrepresented student applicants at UCLA — Native Americans, African Americans, and Chicanos/Latinos — increased from 10,097 in fall 2006 (22.2% of 2006 applicants) to 11,414 for fall 2007 (23.6%).[84] 35% of admitted students receive federal Pell grants.[90]
Graduate[link]
In Fall 2005, the David Geffen School of Medicine admitted 4.5% of its applicants, the School of Law admitted 16.1%, and the Anderson School of Management admitted 30.6%.[91]
According to the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) Guide to Dental Schools, 44th Ed., the UCLA School of Dentistry had more than 1,465 applicants for 88 seats in the entering class of 2006. The average Dental Admissions Test (DAT) scores for admitted students in the entering class of 2007 were 22 on the academic portion (3rd highest average in the nation after Harvard and Columbia) and 20 on the perceptual aptitude portion of the exam (3rd highest average after Harvard and University of Washington). In 1949 The Regents of the University of California authorized the School of Nursing as one of the professional schools of the UCLA Center for the Health Sciences. The Graduate School of Nursing is ranked by US News and World Report as one of the top graduate nursing programs in the country,
Economic impact[link]
The University has a significant impact in the Los Angeles Economy. It is the fourth largest employer in the county, after Los Angeles County, LAUSD and the Federal Government, and the seventh largest in the region.[92][93] In 2005–2006, the university had an operating budget of $3.6 billion, of which 17.4% was from California state government appropriations.
Trademarks and licensing[link]
The UCLA trademark also sells as an overseas clothing and accessories brand. This trend arises from the school's athletic and academic reputation, and popular images of the Southern California lifestyle. High demand for UCLA apparel has inspired the licensing of its trademark to UCLA brand stores throughout East Asia. Since 1980, 15 UCLA stores have opened in South Korea, and 43 are currently open in China.[94] There are also stores in Mexico, Singapore, India and Europe.[95] UCLA makes $400,000 in royalties every year through its international licensing program.[95]
Athletics[link]
Main article: UCLA Bruins
The school's sports teams are called the Bruins, with colors True Blue and gold. The Bruins participate in NCAA Division I-A as part of the Pacific-12 Conference. Two notable sports facilities serve as home venues for UCLA sports. The Bruin men's football team plays home games at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, California; the team won a national title in 1954. The men's and women's basketball and men's and women's volleyball teams, and the gymnastics team (women's) play at Pauley Pavilion on campus. The school also sponsors men's and women's cross country, men's and women's soccer, women's rowing, men's and women's golf, men's and women's tennis, and men's and women's water polo, and women's softball.
The Bruin mascots are Joe and Josephine Bruin, and the fight songs are Sons of Westwood and Mighty Bruins. The alma mater is Hail to the Hills of Westwood.
When Henry "Red" Sanders came to UCLA to coach football in 1949, the uniforms were redesigned. Sanders added a gold loop on the shoulders—the UCLA Stripe. The navy blue was changed to a lighter shade of blue. Sanders figured that the baby blue would look better on the field and in film. He dubbed the baby blue uniform "Powder Keg Blue," a powder blue with an explosive kick. This would also differentiate UCLA from its older brother, UC Berkeley (and all other UC teams, as all UC campuses' official colors are blue and gold). UCLA is competitive in all major Division I-A sports and has won 124 national championships, including 108 NCAA championships, more than any other university. UCLA's softball program is outstanding[96] Women's Softball won their NCAA-leading 11th National Championship, on June 8, 2010. The Women's Water Polo team is also dominant in winning-they won a record 7 NCAA championships. Notably, the team helped UCLA become the first school to win 100 NCAA championships overall when they won their fifth on May 13, 2007. Among these championships, some of the more notable victories are in men's basketball.
Under legendary coach John Wooden, UCLA men's basketball teams won 10 NCAA championships, including a record seven consecutive, in 1964, 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1972, 1973, and 1975, and an 11th was added under then-coach Jim Harrick in 1995 (through 2008, the most consecutive by any other team is two).[96] From 1971 to 1974, UCLA men's basketball won an unprecedented 88 consecutive games. UCLA has also shown dominance in men's volleyball, with 19 national championships. All 19 teams were led by current coach Al Scates, which ties him with John McDonnell of the University of Arkansas as NCAA leader for national championships in a single sport.[96]
UCLA has medaled in every Olympic Games they have participated in. In the 2004 Athens games, UCLA sent 56 athletes, more than any other university, who won 19 medals.
Former UCLA basketball player and current Utah Jazz player Earl Watson commented, "Eleven national championships, the best coach (Wooden) to coach the game says a lot. I take offense to those who act like UCLA is just another school compared with Duke. Duke is a great school in the east, but UCLA is worldwide."
USC rivalry[link]
Main article: UCLA-USC rivalry
UCLA shares a traditional sports rivalry with the nearby University of Southern California. In football, UCLA has one national champion team and 16 conference titles, compared to USC's 11 national championships and 37 conference championships. Under John Wooden, UCLA became a dominating power in men's basketball, and has won 11 NCAA championships, against USC's none.[97]
The schools share a rivalry in many other sports. In volleyball, UCLA won 19 NCAA Men's Volleyball Championships against USC's four.[96] UCLA also dominates the all-time series vs. USC in men's volleyball (86–34).[98] In women's volleyball UCLA leads the all-time series against USC as well.[99] In the popular sport of soccer UCLA leads USC in the all-time series 13–3–0.[100] The Lexus Gauntlet is the name given to the official competition between the two schools in 18 varsity sports.[101] This rivalry even extends to the Olympic Games, where UCLA athletes have won 213 medals.[102][103]
The origin is unclear, but the rivalry most likely started when football Hall of Fame coach Red Sanders led UCLA to dominance in the 1950s. USC, long before established as the reigning power, diverted its attention from then-rival University of Notre Dame, and the rivalry began.
Presently, UCLA has the most NCAA championships, winning a combined 108 team championships in men's and women's sports, with Stanford coming in second with 103, followed by USC with 94.[104]
Student life[link]
Students have access to a variety of activities when not attending class. The campus' location in Los Angeles makes excursions to local museums, theaters, or other entertainment venues relatively quick and easy. UCLA offers classical orchestras, intramural sports, and over 800 student organizations. UCLA is also home to more than 60 national and local Greek-letter organizations, which collectively constitute the largest membership-based and multi-faceted community on campus. Fraternity and sorority members represent 13% of the student population. Phrateres, a non-exclusive social-service club for women was founded here in 1924 by the Dean of Women, Helen Matthewson Laughlin. Between 1924 and 1967, 23 chapters of Phrateres were installed in schools across North America. The student government at UCLA is the Associated Students UCLA (ASUCLA), governed by a student majority board of directors. It is the umbrella organization that includes the two branches of UCLA's student government, the Graduate Students Association (GSA) and the Undergraduate Students Association Council (USAC), the UCLA Store, the Student Union, Restaurants, Trademark & Licensing, and Student Media (including the UCLA Daily Bruin). The Student Alumni Association (SAA), a branch under the UCLA Alumni Association but entirely student run, is responsible for maintaining and putting on UCLA's oldest and greatest traditions, such as Blue and Gold Week, Senior Send-off, Spring Sing, and Dinners for 12 Strangers amongst many. UCLA also operates a waterfront facility known as the UCLA Marina Aquatic Center in Marina del Rey. Students and staff participate in dinghy sailing, surfing, windsurfing, rowing, and kayaking.
UCLA has an active a cappella student population, with a variety of student organizations across campus. The university is often regarded as the pioneer in the West Coast collegiate contemporary a cappella tradition with its first group, Awaken A Cappella, founded in 1992. The all-male group on campus, Bruin Harmony, has enjoyed a successful career since its inception in 2006, portraying a collegiate a cappella group in the 2010 film, The Social Network. Other groups on campus include The Scattertones, Signature, Random Voices, Medleys, Deviant Voices, and Cadenza.
There are also a variety of cultural organizations on campus, such as Nikkei Student Union (NSU), Association of Chinese Americans (ACA), Thai Smakom, and Chinese Cultural Dance Club (CCDC), each with its focuses on sharing culture and history. Many of these organizations have an annual "culture night" that usually constitutes drama, traditional dance, modern dance, etc., which raises awareness of culture and history to the campus and community. Students bond by participating in the Culture Night.
Traditions[link]
The university has many traditions and annual events involving students, community, or the city. The school hosts events that usually require participation from more than just the student body, and competitions can occasionally involve celebrity judges and performers.
Unicamp, founded in 1934, is UCLA's official charity. It is a week-long summer camp for under-served children from the greater Los Angeles area, with UCLA volunteer counselors. Because Unicamp is a non-profit organization, student volunteers from UCLA also fundraise money throughout the year to allow these children to attend summer camp.[105]
To introduce new students to clubs and activities, UCLA begins the fall quarter with Welcome Week activities (renamed True Bruin Welcome in 2009). The week includes the newly-added Day of Service for all first-years, the Enormous Activities Fair, the Sports Fair, and other events. At the end of move-in and the beginning of Welcome Week, UCLA holds Bruin Bash. Hosted by the USAC Campus Events Commission and USAC Cultural Affairs Commission, Bruin Bash includes a concert, dance, and movie. Past performers include Thrice and Common in 2005, Xzibit and Rooney in 2006, T.I. in 2007, The Cool Kids, Estelle, Hellogoodbye in 2008, LMFAO and Clipse in 2009, Ying Yang Twins, Travis McCoy and The Cataracs in 2010. Bruin Bash was created as a replacement for Black Sunday, a large-scale day of partying including all fraternities, in North Westwood Village, where the majority of off-campus students reside adjacent to campus.
Dance Marathon is an annual event organized by the student group, the Pediatric AIDS Coalition, held in Ackerman Grand Ballroom at UCLA, where thousands of students raise money and dance to support the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation, Project Kindle, One Heartland, and the UCLA AIDS Institute. Dancers are required to fundraise a minimum amount of $250 before the event, which is a 26-hour dance marathon. Dancers are not allowed to sit (except to use the restroom) during the marathon, literally taking a stand against pediatric AIDS, and symbolizing the suffering of children around the world infected with and affected by HIV/AIDS. In 2012, Dance Marathon at UCLA raised a record-breaking $451,000. Since 2002, the Marathon has raised over $3 million.[106]
UCLA students also participate in "Midnight Yell" during finals week, a tradition where every night at midnight (starting on Sunday of finals week), students go outside and yell as loudly as possible for one minute, giving everyone a chance to take a short break from studying and release some nervous energy. Students who live in on-campus housing are not allowed to participate.[citation needed]
The quarterly Undie Run takes place during the Wednesday evening of Finals Week, when students run through the campus in their underwear or in skimpy costumes. The run first began in Fall of 2001 when a student, Eric Whitehead, wearing what he described as "really short shorts" walked around singing a song and playing a guitar to protest the Police restrictions on the Midnight Yell.[107] With the increasing safety hazards and Police and Administration involvement, a student committee, in order to satisfy concerns but keep the event, changed the route. It was changed to a run through campus to the fountain in front of Powell Library. Now it ends with students cavorting in the fountains outside Powell Library.[108] As attendance increased, committees in charge of organizing the event deemed it necessary to employ the UC Police during the event, to ward off vandalism and dangerous activity.[108] In 2007, the route was changed again to begin at Strathmore and Gayley Avenues instead of Landfair and Gayley Avenues. Tired of the UCLA administration meddling in student-initiated spontaneous traditions, students have begun celebrating finals week in new ways. One way is the "Undie Ride," where students run a predetermined route in their underwear on Tuesday night of finals week. In the summer of 2009, the administration canceled all future undie run events, citing safety concerns.[109] (The Undie Run concept has since spread to other college campuses around the United States, including the University of Texas at Austin, Arizona State University, and Syracuse University.)
The Alumni Association sponsors several events, usually large extravaganzas involving huge amounts of coordination. An example of this is the 60-year old Spring Sing, organized by the Student Alumni Association (SAA). Spring Sing is UCLA's oldest tradition—it is an annual gala of student talent, which is held at the Los Angeles Tennis Center on campus. In 2009 the event was held in UCLA's Pauley Pavilion. The committee bestows the George and Ira Gershwin Lifetime Achievement Award each year to a major contributor to the music industry. Past recipients have included Stevie Wonder, Frank Sinatra, Ella Fitzgerald, James Taylor, Ray Charles, Natalie Cole, Quincy Jones,[110] Lionel Richie, and in 2009, Julie Andrews.[111] The Dinner for 12 Strangers, a common tradition among universities, is a gathering of students, alumni, administration and faculty to network around different interests.[112] The week before the USC rivalry football game, there is a "Beat 'SC Bonfire and Rally." The bonfire did not take place in 2006 due to fire hazard issues. Nonetheless, UCLA won the football game, upsetting the #2 ranked Trojans. This led many to believe that dispelling of the tradition led to the victory.
The USAC Cultural Affairs Commission hosts the Jazz Reggae Festival, a two-day concert on Memorial Day weekend that attracts more than 20,000 attendees. The JazzReggae Festival is the largest, entirely student produced and run event of its kind on the West Coast. A staff of 30 UCLA undergraduates consistently proves that today’s youth can create something as distinguished and professional as JazzReggae Fest.[113]
Student government[link]
File:Kerckhoff Hall, UCLA (2007).jpg
Kerckhoff Hall houses the offices of student government and the Daily Bruin.
The Associated Students UCLA (ASUCLA) is the official entity encompassing student government and student-led enterprises at UCLA. ASUCLA has four major components: the Undergraduate Students Association, the Graduate Students Association, Student Media, and services & enterprises. However, in common practice, the term ASUCLA is often more narrowly used to refer to the services and enterprises component. This includes the Student Store, Bookstore, Food Services, Student Union, etc. These commercial enterprises serving the UCLA campus community generate approximately $90,000,000 in annual revenues, making it financially the largest student government operation in the world.[114] As a nonprofit corporation, the financial goal of ASUCLA is not to maximize return or "profit" but to provide quality services and programs to the campus community at reasonable prices. ASUCLA is governed by a student-majority Board of Directors. The Undergraduate Students Association and Graduate Students Association each appoint three members plus one alternate. In addition to the student members, there are representatives appointed by the administration, the academic senate, and the alumni association. The "services and enterprises" portion of ASUCLA is run by a professional executive director who oversees some 300 professional career staff and 2,000 student employees. The board meets monthly and is responsible for setting the priority goals for the year, providing direction to the executive director, and evaluating his or her annual performance.
The Graduate Students Association is the governing body for approximately 11,000 graduate and professional students at UCLA.[115]
"USAC" is an acronym for Undergraduate Students Association Council, the governing body of the Undergraduate Students Association (USA) whose membership comprises every UCLA undergraduate student.[116] The student body currently has two major political slates, Students First! (established in 1981) and Bruins United (established in 2006).
USAC's thirteen student officers and commissioners are elected by members of the Undergraduate Students Association at an annual election held during Spring Quarter. In addition to its thirteen elected members, USAC includes appointed representatives of the Administration, the Alumni, and the Faculty, as well as two ex-officio members, the ASUCLA Executive Director and a student Finance Committee Chairperson who is appointed by the USA President and approved by USAC. All members of USAC may participate fully in Council deliberations, but only the thirteen elected student members have a vote.
The thirteen elected positions include: USAC President, Internal Vice President, External Vice President, General Representative (3), Academic Affairs Commissioner, Cultural Affairs Commissioner, Facilities Commissioner, Campus Events Commissioner, Student Welfare Commissioner, Community Service Commissioner, and Financial Supports Commissioner.[117]
The USAC President appoints more than seventy undergraduates to administrative committees and the Academic Affairs Commissioner Appoints approximately 25 undergraduates to Academic Senate Committees. Students have an opportunity to serve on the ASUCLA Board of Directors and the Communications Board, as well as on other significant committees. Through their participation on these campus-wide committees, UCLA undergraduates have had input into the decision making process at a high level.
USAC's programs offers additional services to the campus and surrounding communities and provide an opportunity for students to participate in. For example, each year approximately 40,000 students, faculty and staff attend programs of the Campus Events Commission, including a low-cost film program, a speakers program which presents leading figures from a wide range of disciplines, and performances by dozens of entertainers. Two to three thousand UCLA undergraduates participate annually in the more than twenty voluntary outreach programs run by the Community Service Commission. A large corps of undergraduate volunteers also participate in programs run by the Student Welfare Commission, such as AIDS Awareness, Substance Abuse Awareness, Blood Drives and CPR/First Aid Training.
Student Media UCLA is the home of UCLA's student-run media, including the campus newspaper, magazines, and radio and television stations.[118]
Media publications[link]
Most student media publications distributed on-campus are governed by the ASUCLA Communications Board. The Daily Bruin is UCLA's most prominent student publication. Founded in 1919 under the name Cub Californian, it has since then developed into Los Angeles' third-most circulated newspaper. It has won over 20 national awards in the last five years, and is regularly commended for layout and content. In 2006, the Society of Professional Journalists awarded it Best All-Around Daily Newspaper in the national Mark of Excellence Awards.[119] The newspaper has not been without scrutiny and controversy, and in 1954, the administration attempted to intervene with the previous policy of electing editors by a student council. UCLA Student Media also publishes seven news magazines, each established to serve a special-interest community on campus: Al-Talib, Fem, Ha'Am, La Gente de Aztlan, Nommo, Pacific Ties, and Outwrite, a school yearbook, BruinLife, Daily Bruin Television (DBTV), the student-run radio station, UCLAradio.com, formerly known as KLA, and the online campus review-site Bruinwalk.com. Student groups such as The Forum for Energy Economics and Development also publish yearly journals focused on energy technologies and industries.
Housing[link]
Main article: UCLA student housing
File:Rieber Terrace, UCLA.jpg
Rieber Terrace, a housing facility on campus
UCLA provides housing to over 10,000 undergraduate and 2,900 graduate students.[120]
Most undergraduate students are housed in 14 complexes on the western side of campus, referred to by students as "The Hill." Students can live in halls, plazas, suites, or university apartments, which vary in pricing and privacy. Housing plans also offer students access to dining facilities, which have been ranked by the Princeton Review as some of the best in the nation.[121] Dining halls are located in De Neve, Rieber, Covel, and Hedrick Halls.In winter 2012, a new dining hall called The Feast grandly opened. It offers only lunch everyday for on campus residents; however,it is still always packed.[122] Residential cafes include Bruin Cafe, Rendezvous, and Cafe 1919.[122] Cafe 1919's location formerly housed a cafe known as Puzzles.[122] UCLA currently offers three years guaranteed housing to its incoming freshman, and one year to incoming transfer students.
Graduate students are housed in one of five apartment complexes. One, Weyburn Terrace, is located just southwest of the campus. The other four are roughly five miles south of UCLA in Palms and Mar Vista. They too vary in pricing and privacy.[123]
The Student Housing Master Plan, released October 2007, outlines goals to improve and expand student housing, including renovating older residential halls and allowing four years of guaranteed housing to all entering freshmen by 2010.[124] According to the Daily Bruin, 1,525 beds, 10 faculty in-residence apartments and a 750-seat dining hall will be built on the Northwest Housing Infill Project on the Hill by 2013. The buildings are tentatively titled De Neve Gardenia Way, De Neve Holly Ridge, Sproul Cove, and Sproul Landing.[125]
Hospitality[link]
Hospitality constituents of the university include departments not directly related to student life or administration. The Hospitality department manages the UCLA Guest House, a full-service, on-campus hotel. The 61-room Guest House services those visiting the university for campus-related activities.[126] The department also manages the UCLA Conference Center, a 40 acre (0.2 km²) convention center in the San Bernardino Mountains near Lake Arrowhead.[127] Hospitality also operates UCLA Catering [128] a Vending operation, and summer conference center located on the Westwood campus.[129]
Chabad House[link]
The UCLA Chabad House is a community center for Jewish students operated by the Orthodox Jewish Chabad movement. Established in 1969, it was the first Chabad House at a university.[130][131] In 1980, three students died in a fire in the original building of the UCLA Chabad House. The present building was erected in their memory. The building, completed in 1984, was the first of many Chabad houses worldwide designed as architectural reproductions of the residence of the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem Mendel Schneerson at 770 Eastern Parkway in Brooklyn, New York.[130]
Faculty and alumni[link]
Six professors (two of whom are current faculty) and six alumni have been awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in science, economics, and peace; notably Glenn T. Seaborg ('34) who was awarded the 1951 Nobel Prize in Chemistry,[132] and Elinor Ostrom ('54 Political Science), who was awarded the 2009 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences.[133] Alumnus Richard Heck won the 2010 Nobel Prize in chemistry. Fifty-two have been awarded Guggenheim Fellowships, and eleven are MacArthur Foundation Fellows. In 2006, 54 faculty members were listed as "Highly Cited" by the Institute for Scientific Information. Terence Tao, professor of Mathematics, was awarded the 2006 Fields Medal.[74]
- 120 professors are members of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
- 114 professors are members of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
- 16 professors are members of the American Philosophical Society
- 37 professors are members of the Institute of Medicine
- 23 professors are members of the National Academy of Engineering
- 50 professors are members of the National Academy of Sciences
- 7 professors are members of the National Academy of Education
Jared Diamond, a professor of Geography, won the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for his book Guns, Germs, and Steel.[134] Two UCLA professors of history have each won 2008 Pulitzer Prizes for general nonfiction and history. Saul Friedländer, professor of history and noted scholar of the Nazi Holocaust, won the prize for general nonfiction for his 2006 book, The Years of Extermination: Nazi Germany and the Jews, 1939–1945, and Professor Emeritus Daniel Walker Howe won for his 2007 book, What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848.
A number of UCLA alumni are notable politicians. In the U.S. House of Representatives, Henry Waxman ('61, '64) represents California's 30th congressional district and is Chairman of the House Energy and Commerce Committee.[135] U.S. Representative Judy Chu ('74) represents California's 32nd congressional district and became the first Chinese American woman elected to the U.S. Congress in 2009.[136] Kirsten Gillibrand ('91) is U.S. Senator from the State of New York and former U.S. Representative for New York's 20th congressional district.[137] Antonio Villaraigosa ('77) is Mayor of Los Angeles, California and the third Mexican American ever to hold the office of mayor in the City of Los Angeles.[138]
Computer scientist Vint Cerf ('70, '72) is Vice President and Chief Internet Evangelist at Google and the person most widely considered the "father of the Internet."[139] Henry Samueli ('75) is co-founder of Broadcom Corporation and owner of the Anaheim Ducks.
UCLA alumni have also achieved prominence in the Arts and Entertainment. American composer John Williams is laureate conductor at the Boston Pops Orchestra and Academy Award-winning composer of the Star Wars film score. Martin Sherwin (’71) was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for American Prometheus: The Triumph and Tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Actors Tim Robbins, James Franco, George Takei, Sean Astin and Milo Ventimiglia are also UCLA alumni. Popular music artists Sara Bareilles, The Doors, Linkin Park, and Maroon 5 all attended UCLA. Giada De Laurentiis is a program host at Food Network and former chef at Spago. Carlos Bocanegra, the USA soccer team captain is also a UCLA alumnus.
UCLA also boasts an excellent military background, with hundreds of alumni moving beyond their undergraduate careers to serve their nation. Francis B. Wai is, to date, the only Chinese-American and the first Asian-American to be awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his actions in WWII. UCLA also lost an alumnus in early 2007 when Second Lieutenant Mark Daily was killed in Mosul, Iraq after his HMMWV was hit by an IED. Lieutenant Daily's service is marked by a plaque located on the northern face of the Student Activities Center (SAC), where the ROTC halls are currently located.
- 13 Academy Award winners
- 5 California Scientist of the Year winners
- 1 Fields Medal in Mathematics winner
- 1 Turing Award in Computer Science winner
- 11 Fulbright Scholars (since 2000)
- 78 Guggenheim Fellows[140]
- 11 MacArthur Fellows winners
- 10 National Medal of Science winners
- 14 Nobel laureates
- 3 Presidential Medal of Freedom winners
- 1 Pritzker Prize in Architecture winner
- 3 Pulitzer Prize winners
- 12 Rhodes Scholars
- 1 Medal of Honor
See also[link]
References[link]
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- ^ Frammolino, Ralph; Gladstone, Mark; Weinstein, Henry (1996-03-21). "UCLA Eased Entry Rules for the Rich, Well-Connected". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/1996-03-21/news/mn-49655_1_ucla-officials/5. Retrieved 2011-05-27. ""The controversy over private admissions preferences strikes at the heart of the dilemma over how to allocate limited slots for undergraduates. At Berkeley and UCLA, the flagship campuses, the competition is particularly acute, and admissions officers must turn away thousands of qualified applicants each year.""
- ^ Gordon, Larry (2011-05-09). "University of California weighs varying tuitions at its 10 campuses". L.A. Times. http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-uc-tuition-20110509,0,5070335.story. Retrieved 2011-05-17. "In contrast, UC has UC Berkeley and UCLA, both often considered flagships, and several other campuses with high national rankings, he and other analysts said"
- ^ AYRES Jr, B. DRUMMOND (2011). "University of California Goes Far Afield To Fill Top 2 Jobs". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/07/us/university-of-california-goes-far-afield-to-fill-2-top-jobs.html. Retrieved 2011-05-21. "The University of California, perhaps the country's premier -- and most troubled -- public university system, announced today that after a nationwide talent search it had finally found new chancellors to run its flagship campuses here and at Berkeley. To head the Los Angeles campus, known as U.C.L.A...."
- ^ Song, Jason (2007-12-11). "THE NATION; Higher-earning families to get a break at Harvard; Tuition will be slashed to 10% of income for those making $180,000 a year or less, making it cheaper than UCLA". Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2007/dec/11/nation/na-harvard11. Retrieved 2011-05-20. ""That means any student that comes from such a family will pay less to attend Harvard than most flagship public universities, including UCLA""
- ^ "How To Get Into the Nations Most Celebrated Colleges". Los Angeles Magazine. 2005. http://books.google.com.ph/books?id=010EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA62&dq=Flagship+UC+Campuses&hl=tl&ei=66beTeqiGYiIuAOx3ty9BQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CC0Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=Flagship%20UC%20Campuses&f=false. Retrieved 2011-05-25. ""The Ivy League Schools and their ilk(Stanford) and the flagship UC campuses dominate their lists...and a few other less competitive UC Campuses (San Diego, Santa Barbara, Irvine)as fall-backs.""
- ^ "UCLA admits more than 15,000 students for Fall 2012 freshman class". Daily Bruin. http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/ucla-admits-more-than-15-000-seniors-232101.aspx.
- ^ "Member Institutions and Years of Admission". Association of American Universities. http://www.aau.edu/about/article.aspx?id=5476.
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Jeff Ulbrich (pronounced /ˈʊlbrɨk/; born February 17, 1977) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League. He played for the San Francisco 49ers from 2000 to 2009. He was drafted by the 49ers in the 3rd round (86th overall) in the 2000 NFL Draft. He played college football at Hawaii. Ulbrich is currently the UCLA special teams and linebackers coach.
Contents |
Playing career[link]
Early years[link]
Ulbrich attended Live Oak High School in Morgan Hill, California, and lettered three times in football and twice in wrestling. In football he was a First-team All-League and team MVP. In wrestling, he won a league title (191 pounds).
College[link]
Ulbrich redshirted in his lone season at San Jose State before transferring to Gavilan College. He earned first-team All-Conference and team MVP in lone season at Gavilan College in Gilroy, California. He was a two-year starter at Hawaii. He earned All-WAC first-team selection and team co-captain as a senior. He started all 12 games at middle linebacker. He led the conference with a school season record 169 tackles (42 solo) his senior year. Ulbrich set a school record with 127 assisted tackles, breaking the old mark of 97. He ranked third in the league with eight sacks for 67 yards. He had 15 tackles for loss (58 yards). He was credited with eight quarterback pressures, two fumble recoveries and one forced fumble. He returned two interceptions for 38 yards and had one pass defensed. He played in seven games, starting three at strong side inside linebacker as a junior. He finished with 41 tackles (28 solo), including a nine-yard sack. He caused and recovered a fumble.
Professional[link]
San Francisco 49ers[link]
Ulbrich was drafted out of the University of Hawaii by the San Francisco 49ers in the third round (86th pick overall) of the 2000 NFL Draft. He saw action in four games during his rookie season due to a right shoulder injury. He won the starting job in 2001. In 2005, he started only five games at inside linebacker before missing the remainder of the season with a torn biceps muscle. He started in 9 out of 16 games in 2006. Ulbrich took a backup role to first round pick Patrick Willis, and also had an impact on special teams. He was placed on injured reserve on October 19, 2009 after he suffered a concussion. Ulbrich announced his plans to retire as a result of the concussion on December 9, and he has said that he would like to become a college football coach one day.[1]
Coaching career[link]
Ulbrich was hired by the Seattle Seahawks as a special teams assistant on January 29, 2010.
References[link]
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Ulbrich, Jeff |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American football player and coach |
| Date of birth | February 17, 1977 |
| Place of birth | San Jose, California |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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Alexandra Wallace (born 1966) is the current executive producer of NBC Nightly News with Brian Williams. She graduated from Columbia University, where she majored in English literature, in 1988, after which she spent a year working in the media industry in London. She then worked for CBS News for seventeen years before joining NBC to work on the Today Show. She is married to an administrator of a private school in Manhattan, with whom she has two children.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Wallace, Alexandra |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American television news producer |
| Date of birth | 1966 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This biographical article related to television in the United States is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
http://wn.com/Alexandra_Wallace
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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is about the U.S. population of Americans of African ancestry. For the population of recent African origins, see African immigration to the United States. For the African diaspora throughout the Americas, see Afro-American peoples of the Americas.
.jpg)            |
| Frederick Douglass · Barack Obama · Rosa Parks Condoleezza Rice · M. L. King, Jr. · Beyoncé Knowles Malcolm X · Oprah Winfrey · Booker T. Washington Michael Jordan · Harriet Tubman · Muhammad Ali |
| Total population |
|---|
| African American 42,020,743[1] (13.6% of the US population) |
| Regions with significant populations |
| Predominantly in the Southern United States and in urban areas within the country |
| Languages |
|
American English · African American Vernacular English · Gullah language |
| Religion |
|
Predominantly Protestant; |
| Related ethnic groups |
|
Other Afro-American peoples of the Americas |
African Americans[2] (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.[3]
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States.[4] Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States.[5][6] However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.[3]
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.
Contents |
History[link]
Main article: African-American history
Slavery era[link]
Main articles: Slavery in the United States and Atlantic slave trade
The first African slaves arrived in the present-day United States as part of the San Miguel de Gualdape colony (most likely located in the Winyah Bay area of present-day South Carolina), founded by Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón in 1526. The ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterwards of an epidemic and the colony was abandoned, leaving the escaped slaves behind on North American soil.
In 1565, the colony of Saint Augustine in Florida, founded by Pedro Menendez de Aviles, became the first permanent European settlement in North America. It included an unknown number of free and enslaved Africans that were part of this colonial expedition.
The first recorded Africans in British North America (including most of the future United States) arrived in 1619 in Jamestown, Virginia. As English settlers died from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. The Africans were likely treated as indentured servants, similar in legal position to poor English indenturees, who traded several years labor in exchange for passage to America.[7] Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom.[8] They raised families, marrying other Africans and sometimes intermarrying with Native Americans or English settlers.[9] By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards.
The popular conception of a race-based slave system did not fully develop until the 18th century. The Dutch West India Company introduced slavery in 1625 with the importation of eleven black slaves into New Amsterdam (present-day New York City). All the colony's slaves, however, were freed upon its surrender to the British.[10] Massachusetts was the first British colony to legally recognize slavery in 1641. It was not until 1662 that Virginia ruled that a slave mother's children would remain slaves.[11]
The first black congregations and churches were organized before 1800 in both northern and southern cities following the Great Awakening. By 1775, Africans made up 20% of the population in the American colonies, which made them the second largest ethnic group after the English.[12] During the 1770s, Africans, both enslaved and free, helped rebellious English colonists secure American Independence by defeating the British in the American Revolution.[13] Africans and Englishmen fought side by side and were fully integrated.[14] James Armistead, an African American, played a large part in making possible the 1781 Yorktown victory, which established the United States as an independent nation.[15] Other prominent African Americans were Prince Whipple and Oliver Cromwell, who are both depicted in the front of the boat in George Washington's famous 1776 Crossing the Delaware portrait.
By 1860, there were 3.5 million enslaved African Americans in the United States due to the Atlantic slave trade, and another 500,000 African Americans lived free across the country.[16] In 1863, during the American Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation Proclamation. The proclamation declared that all slaves in states which had seceded from the Union were free.[17] Advancing Union troops enforced the proclamation with Texas being the last state to be emancipated in 1865.[18]
Reconstruction and Jim Crow[link]
Main articles: Reconstruction Era of the United States and Jim Crow laws
African Americans quickly set up congregations for themselves, as well as schools, community and civic associations, to have space away from white control or oversight. While the post-war reconstruction era was initially a time of progress for African Americans, in the late 1890s, Southern states enacted Jim Crow laws to enforce racial segregation and disenfranchisement.[19] Most African Americans followed the Jim Crow laws, using a mask of compliance to prevent becoming victims of racially motivated violence. To maintain self-esteem and dignity, African Americans such as Anthony Overton and Mary McLeod Bethune continued to build their own schools, churches, banks, social clubs, and other businesses.[20]
In the last decade of the 19th century, racially discriminatory laws and racial violence aimed at African Americans began to mushroom in the United States. These discriminatory acts included racial segregation—upheld by the United States Supreme Court decision in Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896[21]—which was legally mandated by southern states and nationwide at the local level of government, voter suppression or disenfranchisement in the southern states, denial of economic opportunity or resources nationwide, and private acts of violence and mass racial violence aimed at African Americans unhindered or encouraged by government authorities.
Great Migration and Civil Rights Movement[link]
Main articles: Great Migration (African American) and African-American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968)
The desperate conditions of African Americans in the South that sparked the Great Migration of the early 20th century,[22] combined with a growing African American community in the Northern United States, led to a movement to fight violence and discrimination against African Americans that, like abolitionism before it, crossed racial lines. The Civil Rights Movement from 1954 to 1968 was directed at abolishing racial discrimination against African Americans, particularly in the Southern United States. The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and the conditions which brought it into being are credited with putting pressure on President John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson.
Johnson put his support behind passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that banned discrimination in public accommodations, employment, and labor unions, and the Voting Rights Act (1965), which expanded federal authority over states to ensure black political participation through protection of voter registration and elections. By 1966, the emergence of the Black Power movement, which lasted from 1966 to 1975, expanded upon the aims of the Civil Rights Movement to include economic and political self-sufficiency, and freedom from white authority.[23]
Post-Civil Rights era[link]
Main article: Post Civil Rights Era African-American history
Politically and economically, blacks have made substantial strides during the post-civil rights era. In 1989, Douglas Wilder became the first African-American elected governor in U.S. history. There is currently one black governor; governor Deval Patrick of Massachusetts. Clarence Thomas became the second African-American Supreme Court Justice. In 1992 Carol Moseley-Braun of Illinois became the first black woman elected to the U.S. Senate. There were 8,936 black officeholders in the United States in 2000, showing a net increase of 7,467 since 1970. In 2001 there were 484 black mayors.
On November 4, 2008, Democratic Senator Barack Obama defeated Republican Senator John McCain to become the first African American to be elected President. At least 95 percent of African-American voters voted for Obama.[24][25] He also received overwhelming support from young and educated whites, a majority of Asians, Hispanics,[26] and Native Americans[27][not in citation given] picking up a number of new states in the Democratic electoral column.[24][25] Obama lost the overall white vote, although he won a larger proportion of white votes than any previous nonincumbent Democratic presidential candidate since Jimmy Carter.[28] The following year Michael S. Steele was elected the first African-American chairman of the national Republican Party.[29]
Demographics[link]
File:Absenceblacks.png
U.S. Census map indicating U.S. counties with fewer than 25 black or African American inhabitants
Further information: List of U.S. communities with African American majority populations, List of U.S. counties with African American majority populations, and List of U.S. states by African-American population
In 1790, when the first U.S. Census was taken, Africans (including slaves and free people) numbered about 760,000—about 19.3% of the population. In 1860, at the start of the Civil War, the African American population had increased to 4.4 million, but the percentage rate dropped to 14% of the overall population of the country. The vast majority were slaves, with only 488,000 counted as "freemen". By 1900, the black population had doubled and reached 8.8 million. In 1910, about 90% of African Americans lived in the South, but large numbers began migrating north looking for better job opportunities and living conditions, and to escape Jim Crow laws and racial violence. The Great Migration, as it was called, spanned the 1890s to the 1970s. From 1916 through the 1960s, more than 6 million black people moved north. But in the 1970s and 1980s, that trend reversed, with more African Americans moving south to the Sun Belt than leaving it.
The following table of the African American population in the United States over time shows that the African American population, as a percentage of the total population, declined until 1930 and has been rising since then.
| Year | Number | % of total population |
% Change (10 yr) |
Slaves | % in slavery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1790 | 757,208 | 19.3% (highest) | – | 697,681 | 92% |
| 1800 | 1,002,037 | 18.9% | 32.3% | 893,602 | 89% |
| 1810 | 1,377,808 | 19.0% | 37.5% | 1,191,362 | 86% |
| 1820 | 1,771,656 | 18.4% | 28.6% | 1,538,022 | 87% |
| 1830 | 2,328,642 | 18.1% | 31.4% | 2,009,043 | 86% |
| 1840 | 2,873,648 | 16.8% | 23.4% | 2,487,355 | 87% |
| 1850 | 3,638,808 | 15.7% | 26.6% | 3,204,287 | 88% |
| 1860 | 4,441,830 | 14.1% | 22.1% | 3,953,731 | 89% |
| 1870 | 4,880,009 | 12.7% | 9.9% | – | – |
| 1880 | 6,580,793 | 13.1% | 34.9% | – | – |
| 1890 | 7,488,788 | 11.9% | 13.8% | – | – |
| 1900 | 8,833,994 | 11.6% | 18.0% | – | – |
| 1910 | 9,827,763 | 10.7% | 11.2% | – | – |
| 1920 | 10.5 million | 9.9% | 6.8% | – | – |
| 1930 | 11.9 million | 9.7% (lowest) | 13% | – | – |
| 1940 | 12.9 million | 9.8% | 8.4% | – | – |
| 1950 | 15.0 million | 10.0% | 16% | – | – |
| 1960 | 18.9 million | 10.5% | 26% | – | – |
| 1970 | 22.6 million | 11.1% | 20% | – | – |
| 1980 | 26.5 million | 11.7% | 17% | – | – |
| 1990 | 30.0 million | 12.1% | 13% | – | – |
| 2000 | 34.6 million | 12.3% | 15% | – | – |
| 2010 | 38.9 million | 12.6% | 12% | – | – |
By 1990, the African American population reached about 30 million and represented 12% of the U.S. population, roughly the same proportion as in 1900.[31] In 2010, 38.9 million Americans identified as "Black or African American," representing 12.6% of the population. Controversy has surrounded the "accurate" population count of African Americans for decades. The NAACP believed it was under counted intentionally to minimize the significance of the black population in order to reduce their political power base[citation needed].
At the time of the 2000 Census, 54.8% of African Americans lived in the South. In that year, 17.6% of African Americans lived in the Northeast and 18.7% in the Midwest, while only 8.9% lived in the western states. The west does have a sizable black population in certain areas, however. California, the nation's most populous state, has the fifth largest African American population, only behind New York, Texas, Georgia, and Florida. According to the 2000 Census, approximately 2.05% of African Americans identified as Hispanic or Latino in origin,[4] many of whom may be of Brazilian, Puerto Rican, Dominican, Cuban, Haitian, or other Latin American descent. The only self-reported ancestral groups larger than African Americans are the Irish and Germans.[32] Because many African Americans trace their ancestry to colonial American origins, some simply self-identify as "American".[citation needed]
U.S. cities[link]
Further information: List of U.S. cities with large African American populations and List of U.S. metropolitan areas with large African-American populations
Almost 58% of African Americans lived in metropolitan areas in 2000. With over 2 million black residents, New York City had the largest black urban population in the United States in 2000, overall the city has a 28% black population. Chicago has the second largest black population, with almost 1.6 million African Americans in its metropolitan area, representing about 18 percent of the total metropolitan population.
Among cities of 100,000 or more, Detroit, Michigan had the highest percentage of black residents of any U.S. city in 2010, with 82%. Other large cities with African American majorities include New Orleans, Louisiana (60%), Baltimore, Maryland (63%) Atlanta, Georgia (54%), Memphis, Tennessee (61%), and Washington, D.C. (50.7%).
The nation's most affluent county with an African American majority is Prince George's County, Maryland, with a median income of $62,467. Within that county, among the wealthiest communities are Glenn Dale, Maryland and Fort Washington, Maryland. Other affluent predominantly African American counties include Dekalb County in Georgia, and Charles City County in Virginia. Queens County, New York is the only county with a population of 65,000 or more where African Americans have a higher median household income than White Americans.[33]
Education[link]
By 2000, African Americans had advanced greatly. They still lagged overall in education attainment compared to white or Asian Americans, with 14 percent with four year and 5 percent with advanced degrees, though it was higher than for other minorities.[34] African Americans attend college at about half the rate of whites, but at a greater rate than Americans of Hispanic origin. More African American women attend and complete college than men. Black schools for kindergarten through twelfth grade students were common throughout the U.S., and a pattern towards re-segregation is currently occurring across the country.[35]
Historically black colleges and universities remain today which were originally set up when segregated colleges did not admit African Americans. As late as 1947, about one third of African Americans over 65 were considered to lack the literacy to read and write their own names. By 1969, illiteracy as it had been traditionally defined, had been largely eradicated among younger African Americans.[36]
US Census surveys showed that by 1998, 89 percent of African Americans aged 25 to 29 had completed high school, less than whites or Asians, but more than Hispanics. On many college entrance, standardized tests and grades, African Americans have historically lagged behind whites, but some studies suggest that the achievement gap has been closing. Many policy makers have proposed that this gap can and will be eliminated through policies such as affirmative action, desegregation, and multiculturalism.[37]
In Chicago, Marva Collins, an African American educator, created a low cost private school specifically for the purpose of teaching low-income African American children whom the public school system had labeled as being "learning disabled".[38] One article about Marva Collins' school stated,
Working with students having the worst of backgrounds, those who were working far below grade level, and even those who had been labeled as 'unteachable,' Marva was able to overcome the obstacles. News of third grade students reading at ninth grade level, four-year-olds learning to read in only a few months, outstanding test scores, disappearance of behavioral problems, second-graders studying Shakespeare, and other incredible reports, astounded the public.[39]
During the 2006–2007 school year, Collins' school charged $5,500 for tuition, and parents said that the school did a much better job than the Chicago public school system.[40] Meanwhile, during the 2007–2008 year, Chicago public school officials claimed that their budget of $11,300 per student was not enough.[41]
Economic status[link]
Economically, African Americans have benefited from the advances made during the Civil Rights era, particularly among the educated, but not without the lingering effects of historical marginalization when considered as a whole. The racial disparity in poverty rates has narrowed. The black middle class has grown substantially. In 2010, 45% of Africa-Americans owned their homes, compared to 67% of all Americans.[42] The poverty rate among African Americans has decreased from 26.5% in 1998 to 24.7% in 2004, compared to 12.7% for all Americans.[43] African Americans have a combined buying power of over $892 billion currently and likely over $1.1 trillion by 2012.[44][45] In 2002, African American-owned businesses accounted for 1.2 million of the US's 23 million businesses.[46] As of 2011 African American-owned business account for approximately 2 million US businesses.[47] Black-owned businesses experienced the largest growth in number of businesses among minorities from 2002 to 2011.[47]
In 2004, African American men had the third-highest earnings of American minority groups after Asian Americans and non-Hispanic whites.[52]
Twenty-five percent of blacks had white-collar occupations (management, professional, and related fields) in 2000, compared with 33.6% of Americans overall.[53][54] In 2001, over half of African American households of married couples earned $50,000 or more.[54] Although in the same year African Americans were over-represented among the nation's poor, this was directly related to the disproportionate percentage of African American families headed by single women; such families are collectively poorer, regardless of ethnicity.[54]
By 2006, gender continued to be the primary factor in income level, with the median earnings of African American men more than those black and non-black American women overall and in all educational levels.[55][56][57][58][59] At the same time, among American men, income disparities were significant; the median income of African American men was approximately 76 cents for every dollar of their European American counterparts, although the gap narrowed somewhat with a rise in educational level.[55][60]
Overall, the median earnings of African American men were 72 cents for every dollar earned of their Asian American counterparts, and $1.17 for every dollar earned by Hispanic men.[55][58][61] On the other hand by 2006, among American women with post-secondary education, African American women have made significant advances; the median income of African American women was more than those of their Asian-, European- and Hispanic American counterparts with at least some college education.[56][57][62]
African Americans are still underrepresented in government and employment. In 1999, the median income of African American families was $33,255 compared to $53,356 of European Americans. In times of economic hardship for the nation, African Americans suffer disproportionately from job loss and underemployment, with the black underclass being hardest hit. The phrase "last hired and first fired" is reflected in the Bureau of Labor Statistics unemployment figures. Nationwide, the October 2008 unemployment rate for African Americans was 11.1%,[63] while the nationwide rate was 6.5%.[64]
The income gap between black and white families is also significant. In 2005, employed blacks earned only 65% of the wages of whites, down from 82% in 1975.[43] The New York Times reported in 2006 that in Queens, New York, the median income among African American families exceeded that of white families, which the newspaper attributed to the growth in the number of two-parent black families. It noted that Queens was the only county with more than 65,000 residents where that was true.[33]
In 1999, the rate of births to unwed African American mothers was estimated by economist Walter E. Williams of George Mason University to be 70%.[65] The poverty rate among single-parent black families was 39.5% in 2005, according to Williams, while it was 9.9% among married-couple black families. Among white families, the comparable rates were 26.4% and 6%.[66]
According to Forbes magazine's "wealthiest American" lists, a 2000 net worth of $800 million dollars made Oprah Winfrey the richest African American of the 20th century; by contrast, the net worth of the 20th century's richest American, Bill Gates, who is of European descent, briefly hit $100 billion in 1999. In Forbes' 2007 list, Gates' net worth decreased to $59 billion while Winfrey's increased to $2.5 billion,[67] making her the world's richest black person.[49][68] Winfrey is also the first African American to make Business Week's annual list of America's 50 greatest philanthropists.[69] BET founder Bob Johnson was also listed as a billionaire prior to an expensive divorce and as of 2009, had an estimated net worth of $550 million.[70] Winfrey remains the only African American wealthy enough to rank among the country's 400 richest people.[67] Some black entrepreneurs use their wealth to create new avenues for both African Americans and new opportunities for American business in general. Examples such as Tyler Perry who created new filming studios in Atlanta, Georgia which makes it possible to film movies and television shows outside of California.[71]
Religion[link]
The majority of African Americans are Protestant of whom many follow the historically black churches.[72] Black church refers to churches which minister predominantly African American congregations. Black congregations were first established by freed slaves at the end of the 17th century, and later when slavery was abolished more African Americans were allowed to create a unique form of Christianity that was culturally influenced by African spiritual traditions.[73]
According to a 2007 survey, more than half of the African American population are part of the historically black churches.[74] The largest Protestant denomination among African Americans are the Baptists,[75] distributed mainly in four denominations, the largest being the National Baptist Convention, USA and the National Baptist Convention of America.[76] The second largest are the Methodists,[77] the largest sects are the African Methodist Episcopal Church and the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church.[76][78] Pentecostals are distributed among several different religious bodies with the Church of God in Christ as the largest among them by far.[76] About 16% of African American Christians are members of white Protestant communions,[77] these denominations (which include the United Church of Christ) mostly have a 2 to 3% African American membership.[79] There are also large numbers of Roman Catholics, constituting 5% of the African American population.[74] Of the total number of Jehovah's Witnesses, 22% are black.[72]
Some African Americans follow Islam. Historically, between 15 to 30% of enslaved Africans brought to the Americas were Muslims, but most of these Africans were converted to Christianity during the era of American slavery.[80] However during the 20th century, some African Americans converted to Islam, mainly through the influence of black nationalist groups that preached with distinctive Islamic practices; these include the Moorish Science Temple of America, though the largest organization was the Nation of Islam, founded during the 1930s, which attracted at least 20,000 people as of 1963,[81][82] prominent members included activist Malcolm X and boxer Muhammad Ali.[83]
Malcolm X is considered the first person to start the movement among African Americans towards mainstream Islam, after he left the Nation and made the pilgrimage to Mecca.[84] In 1975, Warith Deen Mohammed, the son of Elijah Muhammad who took control of the Nation after his death, guided majority of its members to orthodox Islam.[85] However, few members rejected these changes, in particular Louis Farrakhan, who revived the Nation of Islam in 1978 based on its original teachings.
African American Muslims constitute 20% of the total U.S. Muslim population,[86] the majority are Sunni or orthodox Muslims, some of these identify under the community of W. Deen Mohammed.[87][88] The Nation of Islam led by Louis Farrakhan has a membership from 20,000—50,000 members.[89]
There are relatively few African American Jews; estimates of their number range from 20,000[90] to 200,000.[91] Most of these Jews are part of mainstream groups such as the Reform, Conservative, or Orthodox branches of Judaism; although there are significant numbers of people who are part of non-mainstream Jewish groups, largely the Black Hebrew Israelites, whose beliefs include the claim that African Americans are descended from the Biblical Israelites.[92]
Contemporary issues[link]
African Americans have improved their social and economic standing significantly since the Civil Rights Movement and recent decades have witnessed the expansion of a robust, African American middle class across the United States. Unprecedented access to higher education and employment in addition to representation in the highest levels of American government has been gained by African Americans in the post-civil rights era.
Nevertheless, due in part to the legacy of slavery, racism and discrimination, African Americans as a group remain at a pronounced economic, educational and social disadvantage in many areas relative to European Americans. Persistent social, economic and political issues for many African Americans include inadequate health care access and delivery; institutional racism and discrimination in housing, education, policing, criminal justice and employment; crime, poverty and substance abuse.[citation needed]
One of the most serious and long standing issues within African American communities is poverty. Poverty itself is a hardship as it is related to marital stress and dissolution, health problems, low educational attainment, deficits in psychological functioning, and crime.[93] In 2004, 24.7% of African American families lived below the poverty level.[43] In 2007, the average African American income was $33,916, compared with $54,920 for whites.[94]
Politics and social issues[link]
Collectively, African Americans are more involved in the American political process than other minority groups in the United States, indicated by the highest level of voter registration and participation in elections among these groups in 2004.[95] African Americans collectively attain higher levels of education than immigrants to the United States.[95] African Americans also have the highest level of Congressional representation of any minority group in the U.S.[96]
The large majority of African Americans support the Democratic Party. In the 2004 Presidential Election, Democrat John Kerry received 88% of the African American vote compared to 11% for Republican George W. Bush.[97] Although there is an African-American lobby in foreign policy, it has not had the impact that African American organizations have had in domestic policy.[98]
Historically, African Americans were supporters of the Republican Party because it was Republican President Abraham Lincoln who helped in granting freedom to American slaves; at the time, the Republicans and Democrats represented the sectional interests of the North and South, respectively, rather than any specific ideology, and both right and left were represented equally in both parties.
The African American trend of voting for Democrats can be traced back to the 1930s during the Great Depression, when Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program provided economic relief to African Americans; Roosevelt's New Deal coalition turned the Democratic Party into an organization of the working class and their liberal allies, regardless of region. The African American vote became even more solidly Democratic when Democratic presidents John F. Kennedy and Lyndon B. Johnson pushed for civil rights legislation during the 1960s.
After over 50 years, marriage rates for all Americans began to decline while divorce rates and out-of-wedlock births have climbed.[99] These changes have been greatest among African Americans. After more than 70 years of racial parity black marriage rates began to fall behind whites.[99] Single-parent households have become common, and according to US census figures released in January 2010, only 38 percent of black children live with both their parents.[100] Despite that and heavy Democratic leanings, African Americans favor "traditional American values" about family and marriage.
While 52% of Democrats support same-sex marriage, only 30% of black Democrats do. In 2008, though Democrats overwhelmingly voted (64%) against the California ballot proposition banning gay marriage, blacks overwhelmingly approved (70% in favor) it, more than any other racial group.[101] The high-profile candidacy of Barack Obama is credited with increasing black turnout on the bill which has been seen as the crucial difference in its passing.[102]
Blacks also hold far more conservative opinions on abortion, extramarital sex, and raising children out of wedlock than Democrats as a whole.[102] On financial issues, however, African Americans are very much in line with Democrats, generally supporting a more progressive tax structure to provide more services and reduce injustice and as well as more government spending on social services.[103]
News media and coverage[link]
Some activists and academics contend that news media coverage of African American news concerns or dilemmas is inadequate[104][105][106] or the news media present distorted images of African Americans.[107] To combat this, Robert L. Johnson founded Black Entertainment Television, a network that targets young African Americans and urban audiences in the United States. Most programming on the network consists of rap and R&B music videos and urban-oriented movies and series. The channel also shows syndicated television series, original programs, and some public affairs programs. On Sunday mornings, BET broadcasts a lineup of network-produced Christian programming; other, non-affiliated Christian programs are also shown during the early morning hours daily. BET is now a global network that reaches 85 million viewers in the Caribbean, Canada, and the United Kingdom.[108]
In addition to BET there is Centric, which is a spin-off cable television channel of BET, created originally as BET on Jazz to showcase jazz music-related programming, especially that of black jazz musicians. Programming has been expanded to include a block of urban programs as well as some R&B, neo soul, and alternative hip hop, with the focus on jazz reduced to low-profile hours.[109]
TV One is another African American-oriented network and a direct competitor to BET, targeting African American adults with a broad range of programming. The network airs original lifestyle and entertainment-oriented shows, movies, fashion and music programming, as well as classic series such as 227, Good Times, Martin, Boston Public and It's Showtime at the Apollo. The network primarily owned by Radio One. Founded and controlled by Catherine Hughes, it is one of the nation's largest radio broadcasting companies and the largest African American-owned radio broadcasting company in the United States.[110]
Other African American networks scheduled to launch in 2009 are the Black Television News Channel founded by former Congressman J. C. Watts and Better Black Television founded by Percy Miller.[111][112] In June 2009, NBC News launched a new website named The Grio[113] in partnership with the production team that created the black documentary film, Meeting David Wilson. It is the first African American video news site which focuses on underrepresented stories in existing national news. The Grio consists of a broad spectrum of original video packages, news articles, and contributor blogs on topics including breaking news, politics, health, business, entertainment and Black History.[114]
Cultural influence in the United States[link]
Further information: African American culture
From their earliest presence in North America, African Americans have contributed literature, art, agricultural skills, foods, clothing styles, music, language, social and technological innovation to American culture. The cultivation and use of many agricultural products in the U.S., such as yams, peanuts, rice, okra, sorghum, grits, watermelon, indigo dyes, and cotton, can be traced to African and African American influences. Notable examples include George Washington Carver, who created 300 products from peanuts, 118 products from sweet potatoes, and 75 from pecans; and George Crum, who invented the potato chip in 1853.[115]
African American music is one of the most pervasive African American cultural influences in the United States today and is among the most dominant in mainstream popular music. Hip hop, R&B, funk, rock and roll, soul, blues, and other contemporary American musical forms originated in black communities and evolved from other black forms of music, including blues, doo-wop, barbershop, ragtime, bluegrass, jazz, and gospel music.
African American-derived musical forms have also influenced and been incorporated into virtually every other popular musical genre in the world, including country and techno. African American genres are the most important ethnic vernacular tradition in America, as they have developed independent of African traditions from which they arise more so than any other immigrant groups, including Europeans; make up the broadest and longest lasting range of styles in America; and have, historically, been more influential, interculturally, geographically, and economically, than other American vernacular traditions.[116]
African Americans have also had an important role in American dance. Bill T. Jones, a prominent modern choreographer and dancer, has included historical African American themes in his work, particularly in the piece "Last Supper at Uncle Tom's Cabin/The Promised Land". Likewise, Alvin Ailey's artistic work, including his "Revelations" based on his experience growing up as an African American in the South during the 1930s, has had a significant influence on modern dance. Another form of dance, Stepping, is an African American tradition whose performance and competition has been formalized through the traditionally black fraternities and sororities at universities.[117]
Many African American authors have written stories, poems, and essays influenced by their experiences as African Americans. African-American literature is a major genre in American literature. Famous examples include Langston Hughes, James Baldwin, Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, Ralph Ellison, Nobel Prize winner Toni Morrison, and Maya Angelou.
African American inventors have created many widely used devices in the world and have contributed to international innovation. Norbert Rillieux created the technique for converting sugar cane juice into white sugar crystals. Moreover, Rillieux left Louisiana in 1854 and went to France, where he spent ten years working with the Champollions deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphics from the Rosetta Stone.[118] Most slave inventors were nameless, such as the slave owned by the Confederate President Jefferson Davis who designed the ship propeller used by the Confederate navy.[119]
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By 1913 over 1,000 inventions were patented by black Americans. Among the most notable inventors were Jan Matzeliger, who developed the first machine to mass-produce shoes,[120] and Elijah McCoy, who invented automatic lubrication devices for steam engines.[121] Granville Woods had 35 patents to improve electric railway systems, including the first system to allow moving trains to communicate.[122] Garrett A. Morgan developed the first automatic traffic signal and gas mask.[123]
Lewis Howard Latimer invented an improvement for the incandescent light bulb.[124] More recent inventors include Frederick McKinley Jones, who invented the movable refrigeration unit for food transport in trucks and trains.[125] Lloyd Quarterman worked with six other black scientists on the creation of the atomic bomb (code named the Manhattan Project.)[126] Quarterman also helped develop the first nuclear reactor, which was used in the atomically powered submarine called the Nautilus.[127]
A few other notable examples include the first successful open heart surgery, performed by Dr. Daniel Hale Williams,[128] and the air conditioner, patented by Frederick McKinley Jones.[125] Dr. Mark Dean holds three of the original nine patents on the computer on which all PCs are based.[129] More current contributors include Otis Boykin, whose inventions included several novel methods for manufacturing electrical components that found use in applications such as guided missile systems and computers,[130] and Colonel Frederick Gregory, who was not only the first black astronaut pilot but the person who redesigned the cockpits for the last three space shuttles. Gregory was also on the team that pioneered the microwave instrumentation landing system.[131]
Political legacy[link]
African Americans have fought in every war in the history of the United States.[132]
The gains made by African Americans in the Civil Rights and Black Power movements not only obtained certain rights for African Americans, but changed American society in far-reaching and fundamentally important ways. Prior to the 1950s, Black Americans in the South were subject to de jure discrimination, or Jim Crow. They would often be the victims of extreme cruelty and violence, sometimes resulting in deaths: by the post WWII era, African Americans became increasingly discontented with their long-standing inequality. In the words of Martin Luther King, Jr., African Americans and their supporters challenged the nation to "rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed that all men are created equal ..."[133]
The Civil Rights Movement marked a sea-change in American social, political, economic and civic life. It brought with it boycotts, sit-ins, demonstrations, court battles, bombings and other violence; prompted worldwide media coverage and intense public debate; forged enduring civic, economic and religious alliances; and disrupted and realigned the nation's two major political parties.
Over time, it has changed in fundamental ways the manner in which blacks and whites interact with and relate to one another. The movement resulted in the removal of codified, de jure racial segregation and discrimination from American life and law, and heavily influenced other groups and movements in struggles for civil rights and social equality within American society, including the Free Speech Movement, the disabled, women, Native Americans, and migrant workers.
The term "African American"[link]
Political overtones[link]
The term African American carries important political overtones. Earlier terms used to identify Americans of African ancestry were conferred upon the group by colonists and Americans of European ancestry. The terms were included in the wording of various laws and legal decisions which some thought were being used as tools of white supremacy and oppression.[134] There developed among blacks in America a growing desire for a term of self-identification of their own choosing.
With the political consciousness that emerged from the political and social ferment of the late 1960s and early 1970s, blacks no longer approved of the term Negro. They believed it had suggestions of a moderate, accommodationist, even "Uncle Tom" connotation. In this period, a growing number of blacks in the United States, particularly African American youth, celebrated their blackness and their historical and cultural ties with the African continent. The Black Power movement defiantly embraced Black as a group identifier. It was a term social leaders themselves had repudiated only two decades earlier, but they proclaimed, "Black is beautiful".
In this same period, a smaller number of people favored Afro-American, a common shortening (as is 'Anglo-American'). However, after the decline in popularity of the 'Afro' hairstyle in the late 1970s, the term fell out of use.[citation needed]
In the 1980s the term African American was advanced on the model of, for example, German-American or Irish-American to give descendents of American slaves and other American blacks who lived through the slavery-era a heritage and a cultural base.[134] The term was popularized in black communities around the country via word of mouth and ultimately received mainstream use after Jesse Jackson publicly used the term in front of a national audience. Subsequently, major media outlets adopted its use.[134]
Some such as Maulana Karenga and Owen Alik Shahadah argue African-American is more appropriate because it accurately articulates geography and historical origin. Thus linking a people to a continent as oppose to an abstract color.[135] Others believe the term black is inaccurate because African Americans have a variety of skin tones.[citation needed] Surveys show that the majority of Black Americans have no preference for "African American" or "Black,"[136] although they have a slight preference for "Black" in personal settings and "African American" in more formal settings.[137] Many African-Americans expressed a preference for the term, as it was formed in the same way as names for others of the many ethnic groups in the nation. Some argued further that, because of the historical circumstances surrounding the capture, enslavement and systematic attempts to de-Africanize blacks in the United States under chattel slavery, most African Americans are unable to trace their ancestry to a specific African nation; hence, the entire continent serves as a geographic marker.
For many, African American is more than a name expressive of cultural and historical roots. The term expresses pride in Africa and a sense of kinship and solidarity with others of the African diaspora—an embrace of pan-Africanism as earlier enunciated by prominent African thinkers such as Marcus Garvey, W. E. B. Du Bois and George Padmore.
Who is African American?[link]
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Since 1977, in an attempt to keep up with changing social opinion, the United States government has officially classified black people (revised to black or African American in 1997) as "having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa."[138] Other federal offices, such as the United States Census Bureau, adhere to the OMB standards on race in its data collection and tabulations efforts.[139] In preparation for the United States 2010 Census, a marketing and outreach plan, called 2010 Census Integrated Communications Campaign Plan (ICC) recognized and defined African Americans as black people born in the United States. From the ICC perspective, African Americans are one of three groups of black people in the United States[140]
The ICC plan was to reach the three groups by acknowledging that each group has its own sense of community that is based on geography and ethnicity.[141] The best way to market the census process toward any of the three groups is to reach them through their own unique communication channels and not treat the entire black population of the U.S. as though they are all African Americans with a single ethnic and geographical background. The U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation categorizes black or African American people as "A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa" through racial categories used in the UCR Program adopted from the Statistical Policy Handbook (1978) and published by the Office of Federal Statistical Policy and Standards, U.S. Department of Commerce, derived from the 1977 OMB classification.[142]
Admixture[link]
Historically, "race mixing" between black and white people was taboo in the United States. So-called anti-miscegenation laws, barring blacks and whites from marrying or having sex, were established in colonial America as early as 1691.[143] The taboo among American whites surrounding white-black relations can be seen as a historical consequence of the oppression and racial segregation of African-Americans.[144]Historian David Brion Davis notes the racial mixing that occurred during slavery was frequently attributed by the planter class to the "lower-class white males" but Davis concludes that "there is abundant evidence that many slaveowners, sons of slaveowners, and overseers took black mistresses or in effect raped the wives and daughters of slave families."[145] A famous example was Thomas Jefferson's mistress, Sally Hemings.[146]
Harvard University historian Henry Louis Gates, Jr. wrote in 2009, "African Americans ... are a racially mixed or mulatto people—deeply and overwhelmingly so." [147] For example, after the Emancipation Proclamation Chinese American men married African American women in high proportions to their total marriage numbers due to few Chinese American women being in the United States.[148] African slaves and their descendants have also had a history of cultural exchange and intermarriage with Native Americans[149] although they did not necessarily retain social, cultural or linguistic ties to Native peoples.[150] There are also increasing intermarriages and offspring between non-Hispanic blacks and Hispanics of any race, especially between Puerto Ricans and African Americans (American-born blacks).[151]
Racially mixed marriages have become increasingly accepted in the United States since the Civil Rights movement and up to the present day.[152] Approval in national opinion polls have risen from 36% in 1978, to 48% in 1991, 65% in 2002, 77% in 2007.[153] Scientific analysis indicates that current African Americans inherit about 14-17.7% of their ancestry from Europeans.[154]
The African-American experience[link]
In her book The End of Blackness, as well as in an essay on the liberal website Salon,[155] author Debra Dickerson has argued that the term "black" should refer strictly to the descendents of Africans brought to America as slaves, and not the sons and daughters of black immigrants who lack that ancestry. In her opinion, President Barack Obama, who is the son of a Kenyan immigrant, although technically African-American, is not black.[155][156] She makes the argument that grouping all people of African descent together regardless of their unique ancestral circumstances would inevitably deny the lingering effects of slavery within the American community of slave descendents, in addition to denying black immigrants recognition of their own unique ancestral backgrounds. "Lumping us all together", Dickerson wrote, "erases the significance of slavery and continuing racism while giving the appearance of progress".[155]
Similar viewpoints have been expressed by Stanley Crouch in a New York Daily News piece, Charles Steele, Jr. of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference[157] and African-American columnist David Ehrenstein of the LA Times who accused white liberals of flocking to blacks who were "Magic Negros", a term that refers to a black person with no past who simply appears to assist the mainstream white (as cultural protagonists/drivers) agenda.[158] Ehrenstein went on to say "He's there to assuage white 'guilt' they feel over the role of slavery and racial segregation in American history."[158]
Former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice (who was famously mistaken for a "recent American immigrant" by French President Nicolas Sarkozy),[159] said "descendants of slaves did not get much of a head start, and I think you continue to see some of the effects of that." She has also rejected an immigrant designation for African-Americans and instead prefers the term "black" or "white" to denote the African and European U.S. founding populations.[160]
Terms no longer in common use[link]
The terms mulatto and colored were widely used until the second quarter of the 20th century, when they were considered outmoded and generally gave way to the use of negro. By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s, it had acquired negative connotations. Today, in the culture of the United States, the term is considered inappropriate and is now rarely used and perceived as a pejorative.[161][162] The term Negro is largely out of use among the younger black generation, but is still used by a substantial block of older black Americans, particularly in the southern U.S.[163]
In Latin America, negro, which translates as black is the term generally used to refer and describe black people and, similarly to mulatto, it is not considered offensive at all in these regions. However, it is pronounced differently, with the e (a mid front unrounded vowel in American Spanish: [ˈneɣɾo], and a close-mid front unrounded vowel in Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈneɡɾu]) being closer to a sound that it is intermediate between phonemes found in English words such as pay and egg (in Spanish) or day, city and item (in Portuguese).
See also[link]
- African American art
- African-American literature
- African-American music
- African American National Biography Project
- African American Vernacular English
- African Americans in the 1960s
- American Black Upper Class
- Black feminism
- Black Loyalist
- Military history of African Americans
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Diaspora: |
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Notes[link]
- ^ Rastogi, Sonya; Johnson, Tallese D.; Hoeffel, Elizabeth M.; Drewery, Jr., Malcolm P. (September 2011). "The Black Population: 2010" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. p. 3. http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-06.pdf. Retrieved February 15, 2012.
- ^ As a compound adjective, the term is usually hyphenated as African-American. ""African American" in the American Heritage Dictionary". Education.yahoo.com. http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/African%20American. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "The size and regional distribution of the black population". Lewis Mumford Center. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. http://mumford1.dyndns.org/cen2000/BlackWhite/BlackDiversityReport/black-diversity03.htm. Retrieved October 1, 2007.
- ^ a b American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. "United States – QT-P4. Race, Combinations of Two Races, and Not Hispanic or Latino: 2000". Factfinder.census.gov. http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/QTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-qr_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U_QTP4&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF1_U&-redoLog=false. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ Gomez, Michael A: Exchanging Our Country Marks: The Transformation of African Identities in the Colonial and Antebellum South, p. 29. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina, 1998
- ^ Rucker, Walter C. (2006). The river flows on: Black resistance, culture, and identity formation in early America. LSU Press. p. 126. ISBN 0-8071-3109-1. http://books.google.com/?id=c2XlG4rRK4QC&pg=PA126.
- ^ Hashaw, Tim (January 21, 2007). "The First Black Americans". U.S. News & World Report. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070121/29african.htm. Retrieved February 13, 2008.
- ^ "The shaping of Black America: forthcoming 400th celebration". Encyclopedia.com. June 26, 2006. http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1G1-147667728.html?Q=Jamestown. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "The First Black Americans – US News and World Report". Usnews.com. January 29, 2007. Archived from the original on 2 February 2011. http://www.usnews.com/usnews/news/articles/070121/29african.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ Hodges, Russel Graham (1999), Root and Branch: African Americans in New York and East Jersey, 1613–1863, Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press
- ^ PBS. Africans in America: the Terrible Transformation. "From Indentured Servitude to Racial Slavery." Accessed 13 Sept 2011.
- ^ "Scots to Colonial North Carolina Before 1775". Dalhousielodge.org. http://www.dalhousielodge.org/Thesis/scotstonc.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "African Americans in the American Revolution". Wsu.edu:8080. June 6, 1999. http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/DIASPORA/REV.HTM. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "AfricanAmericans.com". AfricanAmericans.com. http://www.africanamericans.com/MilitaryTimeline.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "Time.com". Time. Archived from the original on 19 January 2011. http://web.archive.org/web/20110119035209/http://www.time.com/time/2007/blackhistmth/bios/01.html. Retrieved January 20, 2011. [dead link]
- ^ Boddy-Evans, Alistair. "The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade". African History. about.com. http://africanhistory.about.com/library/weekly/aa080601a.htm. Retrieved June 4, 2007.
- ^ "The Emancipation Proclamation". Featured Documents. National Archives and Records Administration. Archived from the original on 7 June 2007. http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/emancipation_proclamation/. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ "History of Juneteenth". Juneteenth.com. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 May 2007. http://www.juneteenth.com/history.htm. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ Davis, Ronald L.F., PhD. "Creating Jim Crow: In-Depth Essay". The History of Jim Crow. New York Life Insurance Company. Archived from the original on 1 June 2007. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/history/creating2.htm. Retrieved June 7, 2007.
- ^ Davis, Ronald, PhD. "Surviving Jim Crow". The History of Jim Crow. New York Life Insurance Company. http://www.jimcrowhistory.org/history/surviving.htm.
- ^ Plessy v. Ferguson 163 U.S. 537 (1896)
- ^ "The Great Migration". African American World. PBS. 2002. Archived from the original on October 12, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20071012201420/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/aaworld/reference/articles/great_migration.html. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
- ^ "The March On Washington, 1963". Abbeville Press. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. http://www.abbeville.com/civilrights/washington.asp. Retrieved October 22, 2007.
- ^ a b "Exit polls: Obama wins big among young, minority voters". CNN. November 4, 2008. http://www.cnn.com/2008/POLITICS/11/04/exit.polls/. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
- ^ a b Kuhn, David Paul (November 5, 2008). "Exit polls: How Obama won". Politico. http://www.politico.com/news/stories/1108/15297.html. Retrieved June 22, 2010.
- ^ Why Asian Americans Voted For Obama[dead link]
- ^ "Paying Attention to the Native American Vote – Votes of Native Americans could impact several battleground states". Pbs.org. 2008-11-04. http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/election2008/2008/11/paying-attention-to-the-n.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ Noah, Timothy (November 10, 2008). "Slate.com". Slate.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2011. http://www.slate.com/id/2204251/. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "Emailwire.com". Emailwire.com. January 31, 2009. http://www.emailwire.com/release/19287-Michael-Steele-First-AfricanAmerican-Leader-to-Chair-RNC-.html. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ This table gives the African American population in the United States over time, based on U.S. Census figures. (Numbers from years 1920 to 2000 are based on U.S. Census figures as given by the Time Almanac of 2005, p. 377.)
- ^ "Time Line of African American History, 1881–1900". Lcweb2.loc.gov. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/aap/timelin2.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "c2kbr01-2.qxd" (PDF). Archived from the original on 2 January 2011. http://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/c2kbr-35.pdf. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ a b Black Incomes Surpass Whites in Queens
- ^ Issued August 2003: Educational Attainment by race and gender: Census 2000 Brief.
- ^ Kozol, J. "Overcoming Apartheid", The Nation. December 19, 2005. p. 26.
- ^ Public Information Office, U.S. Census Bureau. High School Completions at All-Time High, Census Bureau Reports. September 15, 2000.
- ^ "California". Closing the Achievement Gap. 2008-01-22. http://www.closingtheachievementgap.org/cs/ctag/print/htdocs/home.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "Marva Collins Seminars, Inc". Marvacollins.com. http://www.marvacollins.com/comments.html. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "Excerpts from Ordinary Children, Extraordinary Teachers and Marva Collins’ Way". Edocere.org. http://www.edocere.org/articles/marva_collins.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "Marva Collins School to close". Abclocal.go.com. 2008-06-05. http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?id=6188122§ion=news/local. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ Chicago students skip school in funding protest, Associated Press, September 2, 2008.
- ^ "Homeownership Rates by Race and Ethnicity of Householder —". Infoplease.com. http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0883976.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ a b c Carmen DeNavas-Walt, Bernadette D. Proctor, Cheryl Hill Lee (August 2005) (PDF). Income, Poverty, and Health Insurance Coverage in the United States: 2004. United States Census Bureau. pp. 60–229. http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/p60-229.pdf.
- ^ "Report: Affluent African-Americans have 45% of buying power". Bizreport.com. 2008-02-22. http://www.bizreport.com/2008/02/report_affluent_africanamericans_have_45_of_buying_power.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "Buying Power Among African Americans to Reach $1.1 Trillion by 2012". Reuters.com. 2008-02-06. http://www.reuters.com/article/pressRelease/idUS218860+06-Feb-2008+PRN20080206. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ a b Tozzi, John (2010-07-16). "Minority Businesses Multiply But Still Lag Whites". Businessweek.com. http://www.businessweek.com/smallbiz/content/jul2010/sb20100715_469797.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
- ^ "Oprah Winfrey the richest black person in the world". African Echo 43. September 11, 2006. Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. http://www.africanecho.co.uk/business.html. Retrieved September 11, 2006.
- ^ a b Malonson, Roy Douglas (May 10, 2006). "Condi and Oprah aren't good role models for Black motherhood". African American News & Issues. http://www.aframnews.com/html/2006-05-10/publisher.htm. Retrieved September 11, 2006.
- ^ "#562 Oprah Winfrey". Forbes Special Report: The World's Billionaires. 2006. Archived from the original on 1 September 2006. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/10/O0ZT.html. Retrieved September 11, 2006.
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ "Incomes, Earnings, and Poverty from the 2004 American Community Survey" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. August 2005. Archived from the original on 1 November 2006. http://www.census.gov/prod/2005pubs/acs-01.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2006.
- ^ Peter Fronczek and Patricia Johnson (August 2003). "Occupations: 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 24 October 2006. http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-25.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2006.
- ^ a b c Jesse McKinnon (April 2003). "The Black Population in the United States: March 2002" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 1 November 2006. http://www.census.gov/prod/2003pubs/p20-541.pdf. Retrieved October 24, 2006.
- ^ a b c "PINC-03-Part 131". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_131.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "PINC-03-Part 254". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_254.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "PINC-03-Part 259". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_259.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ a b "PINC-03-Part 135". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_135.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "PINC-03-Part 253". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_253.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "PINC-03-Part 128". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_128.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "PINC-03-Part 133". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_133.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "PINC-03-Part 5". Pubdb3.census.gov. August 29, 2006. http://pubdb3.census.gov/macro/032006/perinc/new03_005.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "BLS.gov". BLS.gov. January 7, 2011. Archived from the original on 13 December 2010. http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t02.htm. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ "BLS.gov". Data.bls.gov. Archived from the original on 20 January 2011. http://data.bls.gov/PDQ/servlet/SurveyOutputServlet?data_tool=latest_numbers&series_id=LNS14000000. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
- ^ Blaming the past, Walter Williams, May 19, 1999.
- ^ Ammunition for poverty pimps Walter E. Williams, October 27, 2005.
- ^ a b Yahoo.com[dead link]
- ^ Usborne, David (January 3, 2007). "Oprah's £20m school proves she's not all talk". The Independent (London). http://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2121670.ece. Retrieved May 29, 2007.
- ^ "Oprah Winfrey Debuts as First African American On BusinessWeek's Annual Ranking of 'Americas Top Philanthropists'". BusinessWeek via PRNewsWire. November 19, 2004. http://www.urbanmecca.com/artman/publish/article_174.shtml. Retrieved October 1, 2006.
- ^ Mattew Miller (05/06/09). "The Wealthiest Black Americans". Forbes. Archived from the original on 16 October 2010. http://www.forbes.com/2009/05/06/richest-black-americans-busienss-billionaires-richest-black-americans.html. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ Landrum Jr, Jonathan (October 5, 2008). "Tyler Perry unveils new studio in Atlanta". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/television/news/2008-10-05-perry-studio_N.htm.
- ^ a b U.S.Religious Landscape Survey The Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life (February 2008). Retrieved on July 20, 2009.
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- ^ Clegg. p. 115. "The common response of Malcolm X to questions about numbers—'Those who know aren't saying, and those who say don't know'—was typical of the attitude of the leadership."
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- ^ "2010 Census Integrated Communications Campaign Plan" (PDF). 2010 Census. U.S. Census Bureau. August 2008. p. 225. http://2010.census.gov/2010census/pdf/2010_ICC_Plan.pdf. Retrieved May 5, 2009. "The Black audience includes all individuals of Black African descent. There are three major groups that represent the Black Audience in the United States. These groups are African Americans (Blacks born in the United States), Black Africans (Black Immigrants from Africa) and Afro-Caribbeans, which includes Haitians." [dead link]
- ^ "2010 Census Integrated Communications Campaign Plan" (PDF). 2010 Census. U.S. Census Bureau. August 2008. p. 230. http://2010.census.gov/2010census/pdf/2010_ICC_Plan.pdf. Retrieved May 5, 2009. "Community, both geographic and ethnic, creates a sense of belonging and pride that is unique to the Black audience (African Americans, Afro-Caribbeans, and Black Africans)." [dead link]
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- ^ Yancey, George (22 March 2007). "Experiencing Racism: Differences in the Experiences of Whites Married to Blacks and Non-Black Racial Minorities". Journal of Comparative Family Studies (University of Calgary: Social Sciences) 38 (2): 197–213.
- ^ Davis, David Brion. Inhuman Bondage: The Rise and Fall of Slavery in the New World.(2006) ISBN 13:978-0-19-514073-6 p. 201
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- ^ http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-ds_name=PEP_2007_EST&-mt_name=PEP_2007_EST_G2007_T004_2007&-CONTEXT=dt&-redoLog=true&-currentselections=PEP_2006_EST_G2006_T004_2006&-geo_id=01000US&-format=&-_lang=en
- ^ Swanbrow, Diane (2000-03-23). "Intimate Relationships Between Races More Common Than Thought". University of Michigan. http://www.umich.edu/news/index.html?Releases/2000/Mar00/r032300a. Retrieved 2008-07-15.
- ^ Krugman, Paul, The Conscience of a Liberal, W W Norton & Company, 2007, p.210
- ^ http://genomebiology.com/2009/10/12/R141
- ^ a b c Debra J. Dickerson (January 22, 2007). Colorblind – Barack Obama would be the great black hope in the next presidential race – if he were actually black. salon.com. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. http://www.salon.com/news/opinion/feature/2007/01/22/obama/. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ Debra Dickerson (February 8, 2007). "The Colbert Report". colbertnation.com. http://www.colbertnation.com/the-colbert-report-videos/81955/february-08-2007/debra-dickerson?videoId=81955. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ "SCLC head: Michelle Obama treated more roughly than her husband, because of her slave heritage". Atlanta Journal Constitution-Ajc.com. 2008-06-21. http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/shared-blogs/ajc/politicalinsider/entries/2008/06/21/sclc_head_michelle_obama_treat.html. Retrieved 2012-04-20.
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- ^ "Nicolas Sarkozy Mistakes Condoleezza Rice for Recent Immigrant". Fox News. November 7, 2007. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,309218,00.html.
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- ^ Anderson, Talmadge; James Stewart (2007). Introduction to African American Studies. Baltimore: Black Classics Press. p. 3. ISBN 1-58073-039-6. http://books.google.com/?id=49tXR1Ok6poC&pg=PA3. Retrieved August 4, 2008.
- ^ Chris Good (March 26, 2010). "They Put 'Negro' on There?". The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2010/03/they-put-negro-on-there/38094/. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
References[link]
- Centerwall, Brandon S. (1984). "Race, socioeconomic status, and domestic homicide, Atlanta, 1971–72". American Journal of Public Health 74 (8): 813–815. DOI:10.2105/AJPH.74.8.813. PMC 1651951. PMID 6742272. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1651951.
- Hawkins, Darnell F. (1993). "Inequality, Culture, and Interpersonal Violence". Health Affairs 12 (4): 80–95. DOI:10.1377/hlthaff.12.4.80. PMID 8125451.
- Neapolitan, Jerome L. (1998). "Cross-National Variation in Homicide; Is Race A Factor?". Criminology 36 (1): 139–156. DOI:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01243.x.
- Bohlen, C. (May 18, 1986). "Does She Say the Same Things in her Native Tongue?". New York Times.
- Felder, J. (1992). From the Statue of Liberty to the Statue of Bigotry. New York: Jack Felder.
- Felder, J. (July 16, 1990). "Black Origins and Lady Liberty". Daily Challenge.
- Sinclair, T. (July 5, 1986). "Was Original Statue a Tribute to Blacks?". New York Voice.
- "Statue of Liberty". New York Post. June 17, 1986.
- Altman, Susan. The Encyclopedia of African-American Heritage. ISBN 0-8160-4125-3.
- Southern, Eileen (1997). The Music of Black Americans: A History (3rd ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-97141-4.
- Stewart, Earl L. (1998). African American Music: An Introduction. ISBN 0-02-860294-3.
Further reading[link]
- Jack Salzman, ed., Encyclopedia of Afro-American culture and history, New York, New York : Macmillan Library Reference USA, 1996.
- African American Lives, edited by Henry L. Gates, Evelyn Brooks Higginbotham, Oxford University Press, 2004—more than 600 biographies.
- From Slavery to Freedom. A History of African Americans, by John Hope Franklin, Alfred Moss, McGraw-Hill Education 2001, standard work, first edition in 1947.
- Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia, Darlene Clark Hine (Editor), Rosalyn Terborg-Penn (Editor), Elsa Barkley Brown (Editor), Paperback Edition, Indiana University Press 2005.
- Baugh, J. (Summer 1991). "The Politicization of Changing Terms of Self Reference Among American Slave Descendants". American Speech 66 (2): 133–46. DOI:10.2307/455882. JSTOR 455882.
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: African American |
 |
Look up african american in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: African Americans |
- Richard Thompson Ford Name Games, Slate, September 16, 2004. Article discussing the problems of defining African American
- "Of Arms & the Law: Don Kates on Afro-American Homicide Rates"
- Scientific American Magazine (June 2006) Trace Elements Reconnecting African-Americans to an ancestral past
- "The Definition of Political Absurdity", San Francisco Chronicle, March 2, 2007
- African American archaeology in Sacramento, California pdf
- African American archaeology in Oakland, California —See Part III, Chap 10
- Black History related original documents and photos
- President Obama's Speech to the NAACP on July 16, 2009—full video by MSNBC
- Black or African American?, Frank Newport. Gallup, September 28, 2007
- The Long Journey of Black Americans – slideshow by The First Post
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http://wn.com/African_American
Related pages:
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http://es.wn.com/Afroamericano
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_American
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Bomani "Bo" Jones | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | Bomani Jones |
| Born | (1980-08-26) August 26, 1980 (age 31) Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. |
| Show | The Evening Jones |
| Station(s) | The Score Satellite Radio |
| Time slot | 08:00 p.m. EST Monday |
| Style | Sports radio |
| Country | American |
| Website | http://www.theeveningjones.com/ |
Bomani Jones (born August 26, 1980) is the host of "The Evening Jones" on The Score on Sirius radio channel 158. Jones is a regular panelist on Around the Horn and he also makes appearances on Outside the Lines on ESPN and ESPN First Take on ESPN 2. He also periodically writes on Page 2 for ESPN.com[1] and SB Nation
Contents |
Biography[link]
Early Life[link]
The Georgia native, who grew up in Texas, graduated from Clark Atlanta University with a bachelor’s degree in economics. He followed that up with a master’s in politics, economics and business from Claremont Graduate University and a master’s in economics from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.[2]
Career[link]
In January 2010, Jones launched his radio show, The Morning Jones, which was hosted out of Durham, North Carolina.[3] The show ended on August 30, 2011.[4] Bomani currently hosts his own radio show, The Evening Jones every Monday.
As of May 17, 2012 Jones has 42 wins in 161 appearances on ESPN's Around the Horn.
External links[link]
References[link]
- ^ "Bomani Jones About". http://www.bomanijones.com/about/.
- ^ http://www.bomanijones.com/can-you-believe-ive-been-writing-for-10-years/
- ^ http://atlantapost.com/2010/06/21/bomani-jones-sports-radio-rising-star/
- ^ Jones, Bomani. "Tuesday will be the final episode of The Morning Jones". http://www.bomanijones.com/tuesday-final-episode-morning-jones/.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Jones, Bomani |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | August 26, 1980 |
| Place of birth | Houston, Texas, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Bomani_Jones
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomani_Jones
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
6:09
African American Doctor Depicted as Gorilla at UCLA Event
ShamefulHonestTruth
African American Doctor Depicted as Gorilla at UCLA Event
SIGN THE CHANGE.ORG PETITION TO SUPPORT DR. HEAD: www.change.org A respected African American faculty surgeon filed a racial discrimination suit against the UCLA Medical Center and UC Regents. Dr. Christian Head has been intentionally degraded based on his race and UCLA officials have ignored blatant acts of racial discrimination, including an edited photo depicting Dr. Head as a gorilla being sodomized by his supervisor. That alone is offensive. But the fact that the photo was publicly presented for laughs during an annual medical school sponsored event attended by more than 200 physicians, faculty, residents and guests is both shocking and indefensible. Hear what Dr. Head has endured and what UCLA officials continue ignore.
4:19
UCLA Needs Justin Combs (and Diddy) to Make Them Hot - Bomani & Jones, Episode 21
sbnation
UCLA Needs Justin Combs (and Diddy) to Make Them Hot - Bomani & Jones, Episode 21
Some UCLA students are upset that Justin Combs, the son of rap mogul Sean "Diddy" Combs, received a full scholarship to play football for the Bruins. However, those students are failing to realize how beneficial Diddy's presence on campus could be for UCLA. Diddy can provide help in an area where the school has struggled. Diddy can make UCLA hot. Subscribe to our channel for more sports videos! Click here: www.youtube.com Check us out on Facebook (Facebook.com/SBNation) and follow us on Twitter (@SBNStudios)! SB Nation: Pro Quality, Fan Perspective www.sbnation.com Photo credit Getty Images www.gettyimages.com #79204827 #134585353 #140090724 #103846688 #107059622 #2486104 #108252031
3:14
Jessica Jackley keynotes UCLA commencement
UCLA
Jessica Jackley keynotes UCLA commencement
Internet microlending pioneer Jessica Jackley told UCLA College of Letters and Science graduates to figure out what they love and "run madly toward those things and those people." She is co-founder of Kiva. ucla.in
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