Name	Media Control GfK International
Size	200px
Formation	1976
Type	Market research, Service Provider of Media Monitoring, Analysis and Evaluation
Headquarters	Baden Baden
Location	Germany
Leader title	Managing Director
Leader name	Ulrike Altig
Website	www.media-control.de }}

The official music charts in Germany are gathered and published by the company Media Control GfK International on behalf of Bundesverband Musikindustrie (Federal Association of Phonographic Industry). Media Control GfK International is the provider of weekly Top-100 single/album, Compilation, Jazz Top-30, Classic Top-20, Schlager Longplay Top-20, Music-DVD Top-20 and the official-Dance (ODC) Top-50 charts.

Official charts in Germany are presented by various companies who release charts on a weekly basis, online or on television. One example would be VIVA music channel which was founded in 1993. Another two examples would be MusicLoad and MIX 1 both of which are online associations who post almost all the charts on weekly bases published by Media Control GfK International. The entire batch of the official charts; however, is presented by online enterprise called Charts.de which happens to be the subsidiary of Media Control GfK International.

History

Charts have been published in Germany since 1959, in a magazine called ''Der Musikmarkt'' (The Music Market), which has played an important role in the German music industry. Since 1959, the growing desire for having a well developed music program has made ''Bunderverband Musikindustrie'' work together with charts provider to improve the way the charts were determined.

For this purpose, different research institutes were tested, out of which ''Media Control,'' based in Baden Baden was selected. Hence, the first official charts were made available in the magazine ''Der Musikmarkt'' in September 1977.

Initially, there used to be 50 positions only, which later in January 1980, was extended to 75 slots. Since 1989; however, Media Control has adapted the international standards providing 100 positions, called "Media Control Top 100". Since 2001, the Top-100 singles charts was modified to reflect the sales of the singles.

''Media Control'' developed "Music Video charts" in 2001, which later, in 2004, was renamed as "DVD charts". While Music-videos have their own separate charts, in 2001, Media Control made it possible for the Music-video singles to have the ability to enter the Top-100 singles chart. Similarly, in 2002, it was made available for the Music-video albums to chart on the Top-100 album chart, if the Video album contains at least 50% of audio recording. If not, then, the DVD album could qualify for DVD chart only. In the same vein, if an audio CD contains at least 50% of Video recording, then, it could qualify to chart on the DVD chart.

In 2004, Germany became one of the first music markets wherein sales charts were reflected by online digital downloads.

Digital-only releases came into existence on July 13, 2007 for online downloads only, which also altered the way the sales figures were conducted up to that point. Consequently, chart positions would no longer be affected by the number of sold music downloads as before, but rather, they would be affected by the sales value of the sold product. Thus, the best-selling albums would not necessarily be the ones ending up in the number one position on the charts.

There are currently 3000 outlets that report their sales on weekly bases in Germany. The weekly sales data is transmitted to Media Control via communication network channel, ''PhonoNet''.

Categories

List of charts that are provided by Media Control.

Top 100 Singles

Top 100 Albums

Top 100 Compilation Charts

Daily Trends (Top 150 singles and albums, top 50 compilation)

Download Charts (singles and albums)

Top 30 Jazz Charts

Top 20 Classic Charts

Top 20 Schlager Longplay Charts

Top 20 Music video Charts

Top 20 Newcomer Charts

Top 20 Independent Charts

Top 10 Comedy Charts

Top 50 ODC (Official Dance Charts)

See also

Bundesverband Musikindustrie

List of number one hits in Germany

List of best-selling singles by year (Germany)

References

External links

Category:German record charts

az:Media Control Charts cs:Media Control Charts da:Top 100 Singler (Tyskland) de:Media-Control-Charts es:Media Control Charts fr:Media Control Charts hr:Media Control Charts it:Media Control Charts lt:Media Control Charts mk:Media Control Charts nl:Musikmarkt Top 100 pl:Media Control Charts pt:Media Control Charts ru:Media Control Charts sk:Media Control Charts sr:Media Control Charts fi:Media Control Charts sv:Media Control Charts uk:Media Control Charts vi:Media Control Charts

Name	Andrew Breitbart
Birth date	February 01, 1969
Birth place	Los Angeles, California, United States
Residence	Westwood, Los Angeles, California
Occupation	Writer, Columnist
Alma mater	Tulane University (B.A.)
Gender	Male
Spouse	Susie Bean (m. 1997)
Children	4
Religion	Agnostic
Website	}}

Andrew Breitbart (; born February 1, 1969) is an American publisher, commentator for the ''Washington Times'', author, an occasional guest commentator on various news programs who has served as an editor for the Drudge Report website. He was a researcher for Arianna Huffington, and helped launch her website, The Huffington Post.

He currently runs his own news aggregation site, Breitbart.com, and five other websites: Breitbart.tv, Big Hollywood, Big Government, Big Journalism, and Big Peace.

Early life

Breitbart is the adopted son of Gerald and Arlene Breitbart, a restaurant owner and banker respectively, and grew up in a family with secular liberal views, in upscale Brentwood, Los Angeles. He was raised Jewish (his adoptive mother had converted to Judaism when marrying his adoptive father). He explains that his birth certificate indicates his biological father was a folk singer, and that he is ethnically Irish by birth. His adopted sister is Hispanic. He changed his political views after experiencing an "epiphany" during the Clarence Thomas hearings, and now describes himself as "a Reagan conservative" with libertarian sympathies.

Breitbart earned a B.A. in American studies from Tulane University in 1991, graduating with "no sense of [his] future whatsoever". His early jobs included a stint at cable channel E! Entertainment Television, working for the company's online magazine, and some time in film production.

Public life

Authorship, research and reporting

In 1995 Breitbart saw the Drudge Report and was so impressed that he emailed Matt Drudge. Breitbart said, "I thought what he was doing was by far the coolest thing on the Internet. And I still do." Breitbart described himself as "Matt Drudge’s bitch" and selected and posted links to other news wire sources. Later Matt Drudge introduced him to Arianna Huffington (when she was still a Republican) and Breitbart subsequently assisted her (after she became a progressive) in creating her website.

Breitbart's work has been published in the ''Wall Street Journal'', National Review Online and the Weekly Standard Online, among others. He writes a weekly column for ''The Washington Times'', which also appears at Real Clear Politics. Breitbart also co-wrote the book ''Hollywood, Interrupted: Insanity Chic in Babylon'' with Mark Ebner, a book that is highly critical of U.S. celebrity culture. On January 19, 2011, the conservative gay rights group GOProud announced Breitbart had joined its Advisory Council.

Breitbart recently authored ''Righteous Indignation: Excuse Me While I Save the World'', which discusses his own political evolution and the part he took in the rise of new media, most notably at the Drudge Report and at The Huffington Post.

Breitbart has said that his next launch will be called "Big Education," and will take on the "academic establishment".

In June 2011 Breitbart was involved in the Anthony Weiner Twitter photo scandal posting photographs of Weiner on his websites.

Commentaries

Breitbart has appeared as a commentator on ''Real Time with Bill Maher'' and ''Dennis Miller''. In 2004 he was a guest commentator on Fox News Channel's morning show and frequently appears as a guest panelist on Fox News's late night program, ''Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld''. Breitbart also appeared as a commentator in the 2004 documentary ''Michael Moore Hates America''.

On October 22, 2009, Breitbart appeared on the C-SPAN program ''Washington Journal''. He gave his opinions on the mainstream media, Hollywood, the Obama Administration and his personal political views, having heated debates with several callers.

In the hours immediately following Senator Ted Kennedy's death, Breitbart called Kennedy a “villain,” a “duplicitous bastard,” a “prick” and "a special pile of human excrement."

In February 2010 Breitbart received the Reed Irvine Accuracy in Media Award during the Conservative Political Action Conference in Washington, D.C. During his acceptance speech, he responded directly to accusations by ''New York Times'' reporter Kate Zernike that Jason Mattera, a young conservative activist, had been using "racial tones" in his allusions to President Barack Obama, and had spoken in a "Chris Rock voice." From the podium, Breitbart called Zernike "a despicable human being" for having made such allegations about Mattera's New York accent.

Activism

Breitbart often appears as a speaker at Tea Party movement events across the U.S. For example, Breitbart was a keynote speaker at the first National Tea Party Convention at Gaylord Opryland Hotel in Nashville on February 6, 2010. Breitbart later involved himself in a controversy over homophobic and alleged racial slurs being used at a March 20, 2010 rally at the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C. by asserting that slurs were never used, and that "It was a set-up" by Nancy Pelosi and the Democratic Party. Breitbart offered to donate $100,000 to the United Negro College Fund "for any audio/video footage of the N-word being hurled", claiming that they made it up. Breitbart insisted Congressman John Lewis and the several other witnesses were forced to lie, concluding that "Nancy Pelosi did a great disservice to a great civil rights icon by thrusting him out there to perform this mischievous task. His reputation is now on the line as a result of her desperation to take down the Tea Party movement."

Websites

|quote = I'm committed to the destruction of the old media guard. And it's a very good business model.}}

Breitbart has launched a number of websites, including Breitbart.com, BigHollywood.com, BigGovernment.com, BigJournalism.com, and BigPeace.com.

Breitbart launched his first website as a news site; it is sometimes linked to by the Drudge Report and other websites. It features wire stories from the Associated Press, Reuters, Agence France-Presse, Fox News, PR Newswire, and U.S. Newswire, as well as direct links to a number of major international newspapers. Its Blog & "Network" links tend to run to the right within the U.S. political spectrum (e.g., National Review and Townhall.com). The site also features a search engine powered by Lingospot and a finance channel powered by FinancialContent. In 2007, Breitbart launched a video blog, Breitbart.tv.

In 2008 Breitbart launched the website "Big Hollywood," a "group blog" driven by some who work within Los Angeles, featuring contributions from a variety of writers, including politically conservative entertainment-industry professionals. The site, an outgrowth of the column "Big Hollywood" that Breitbart wrote for the ''Washington Times'', addresses issues facing conservatives who work in Hollywood. In 2009, the site used audio from a secretly recorded conference call to accuse the National Endowment of the Arts of encouraging artists to create work in support of Barack Obama's domestic policy agenda.

Breitbart launched BigGovernment.com on September 10, 2009. He hired Mike Flynn, a former government affairs specialist at Reason Foundation, as Editor-in-Chief of Big Government. The site premiered with hidden camera video footage taken by Hannah Giles and James O'Keefe at Association of Community Organizations for Reform Now offices in various cities, attracting nationwide attention resulting in the ACORN 2009 undercover videos controversy.

In January 2010, Breitbart launched Big Journalism. He told Mediaite: "Our goal at Big Journalism is to hold the mainstream media’s feet to the fire. There are a lot of stories that they simply don’t cover, either because it doesn’t fit their world view, or because they’re literally innocent of any knowledge that the story even exists, or because they are a dying organization, short-staffed, and thus can’t cover stuff like they did before." Big Journalism was edited by Michael A. Walsh, a former journalism professor and ''Time magazine'' music critic. It is now currently edited by Dana Loesch. The site has a fictional contributor named "Retracto, the Correction Alpaca" who posts items requesting corrections from the traditional media.

BigPeace.com debuted July 4, 2010. The site covers topics such as international issues and foreign policy, the ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, terrorism, Islamic extremism, espionage, border security, and energy issues.

Controversies

On May 28, 2011, Breitbart posted a sexually explicit photo on his BigJournalism website of New York Representative Anthony Weiner obtained through Weiner's Twitter account. Initially Weiner denied that he had sent a link to the photograph to a 21-year-old female college student, but after questions developed, he admitted to inappropriate online relationships. On June 6, 2011 Breitbart reported other photos Weiner had sent, including one that was sexually graphic. On June 8, 2011, the sexually graphic photo was leaked after Breitbart participated in a radio interview with hosts Opie and Anthony, though Breitbart stated that the photo was published without his permission. Weiner subsequently resigned from his congressional seat on June 21, 2011.

On July 19, 2010, Breitbart posted two short videos showing excerpts of a speech by Shirley Sherrod at an NAACP fundraising dinner in March 2010. The videos ensuing controversy resulted in Sherrod being fired from the United States Department of Agriculture on July 19. After Breitbart was criticized for taking Sherrod's words out of context, he posted the complete 40-minute video of the speech. The NAACP stated that the video excerpts aired by Breitbart were deliberately deceptive and said that he had "snookered" the group. Secretary of Agriculture Tom Vilsack later apologized to Sherrod and offered her a new job. In 2011, Sherrod brought suit against Breitbart for defamation.

Breitbart was also involved in the 2009 ACORN video controversy. Hannah Giles posed as a prostitute seeking assistance while James O'Keefe portrayed her boyfriend, and clandestinely videotaped meetings with ACORN staff. Subsequent criminal investigations by the Brooklyn District Attorney's office and the California Attorney General found the videos were heavily edited in an attempt to make ACORN's responses "appear more sinister", and contributed to the group's demise. Breitbart then provided a forum for O'Keefe on his BigGovernment.com website and defended his actions on Sean Hannity's Fox News Channel program.

Breitbart has also been embroiled in a controversy within the conservative movement related to the participation of gay group GOProud in the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC), an annual conference held in Washington, D.C. by the American Conservative Union. In 2011 he was the primary host of a party that served to "welcome" the "homocons" to the convention (though it was the second year they had been participants). This flew in the face of a boycott staged by a few social conservative groups that were offended by the inclusion of GOProud within the conservative fold. Writer, producer, and publisher Roger L. Simon referred to the group as a "game-changer" for the Republican party, and asserted that it represented a turning point in the appeal that the conservative movement might hold for young people. Breitbart is now on the Advisory Board of GOProud.

Personal life

Breitbart is married to Susannah (Susie) Bean, the daughter of actor Orson Bean, and has four children.

References

External links

Category:American activists Category:American alternative journalists Category:American adoptees Category:American bloggers Category:American political pundits Category:American political writers Category:Conservatism in the United States Category:National Review people Category:Online journalists Category:People from Los Angeles, California Category:Tea Party movement Category:Tulane University alumni Category:The Washington Times people Category:American people of Irish descent Category:1969 births Category:Living people Category:American Jews Category:Jewish agnostics Category:Jewish activists Category:Jewish bloggers Category:American Jews of European descent Category:Jewish American writers

sh:Andrew Breitbart

subject name	Paul Levinson
birth date	1947
birth place	Bronx, New York
occupation	Professor, Author }}

Paul Levinson (born 1947) is an American author and professor of communications and media studies at Fordham University in New York City. Levinson's novels, short fiction, and non-fiction works have been translated into twelve languages.

As a commentator on media, popular culture, and science fiction Levinson has been interviewed more than 500 times on local, national and international television and radio. He is frequently quoted in newspapers and magazines around the world and his op-eds have appeared in such major papers as ''The Atlanta Journal-Constitution'', New York's ''Newsday'', and ''The New York Sun''. He was interviewed in a short weekly spot early Sunday mornings on KNX-AM Radio in Los Angeles, from 2006 to 2008 on media-related news events and popular culture. He hosts four podcasts and maintains several blogs. In April 2009, ''The Chronicle of Higher Education'' named him one of Twitter's top ten "High Fliers".

In 1985 he co-founded Connected Education, offering online courses for Masters credit. He served as President of the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America from 1998 to 2001.

He has been a Professor of Communication and Media Studies at Fordham University since 1998; he was Chair of the department from 2002 to 2008. He previously taught at The New School, Fairleigh Dickinson University, Hofstra University, St. John's University, Polytechnic University of New York, Audrey Cohen College and the Western Behavioral Sciences Institute (WBSI). He has given lectures in classes and conferences at many universities including the London School of Economics, Harvard University, New York University, and the University of Toronto and authored over 100 scholarly articles.

Prior to his academic career, Levinson was a songwriter, singer and record producer in the late 1960s and early 1970s, with recordings by the Vogues, Donna Marie of the Archies and Ellie Greenwich. As a radio producer he worked with Murray the K and Wolfman Jack.

Levinson's work is influenced by Isaac Asimov, Thomas Jefferson, John Stuart Mill, Marshall McLuhan, Harold Innis, Karl Popper, Carl Sagan, and Donald T. Campbell.

Education

Paul Levinson graduated from Christopher Columbus High School in the Bronx, attended the City College of New York (CCNY) in the 1960s, and received a BA in journalism from New York University in 1975; an MA in Media Studies from The New School in 1976; and a PhD from New York University in media ecology in 1979. His doctoral dissertation, ''Human Replay: A Theory of the Evolution of Media'' (1979), was mentored by Neil Postman.

Author

Levinson writes science fiction, fantasy, and sf/mystery hybrids with philosophical undertones as well as non-fiction about the history and future of communications media, the First Amendment, the importance of space exploration, and popular culture themes. His work has been translated into Chinese, Japanese, Korean, French, Italian, Portuguese, Czech, Polish, Romanian, Macedonian, Croatian, and Turkish.

He has received acclaim for his writing, including multiple nominations for the Hugo, Nebula, Sturgeon, Prometheus, Edgar and Audie Awards. His novella ''Loose Ends'' was a 1998 finalist for a Hugo, a Sturgeon, and a Nebula. His novel ''The Silk Code'' won the Locus Award for Best First Novel of 1999.

The central character of ''The Silk Code'', NYPD forensic detective Dr. Phil D'Amato, made his first appearance in Levinson's novelette, "The Chronology Protection Case", (published in Analog magazine, September 1995). D'Amato returned in "The Copyright Notice Case" novelette (Analog, April 1996), "The Mendelian Lamp Case" novelette (Analog, April 1997), and in subsequent novels ''The Consciousness Plague'' (2002), and ''The Pixel Eye'' (2003). An adaptation of Levinson's "The Chronology Protection Case" (radioplay by Mark Shanahan with Paul Levinson & Jay Kensinger) was nominated by the Mystery Writers of America for the Edgar Award for Best Play of 2002.

Levinson's most recent novel is ''The Plot To Save Socrates'', a time travel story. ''Entertainment Weekly'' magazine called it "challenging fun".

Media commentator

Paul Levinson is a frequent guest on local, national, and international cable and network television and public, commercial, and satellite radio programs.

These have included:

Fox News: ''The O'Reilly Factor'', ''Your World with Neil Cavuto'', ''The Big Story with John Gibson'', ''Fox Magazine''; News special, ''The New Millennium: Science, Fiction, Fantasy''

PBS: ''The NewsHour with Jim Lehrer''

CBS: ''CBS Evening News with Dan Rather'', ''The Early Show''

ABC: ''Nightline'', ''World News Now''

MSNBC: ''Jesse Ventura's America'', ''Scarborough Country''

CNN: ''American Morning'', ''Daybreak'', ''Sunday Live''

CNBC: ''Bullseye,'' ''Squawk Box'', ''On the Money''

The History Channel: ''Modern Marvels'', "Fantastic Voyage: The Evolution of Science Fiction"

Discovery Channel: ''The Inside Story of...'', "The Cell Phone Revolution"

BBC: ''NewsNight'' (TV); ''Thinking Allowed'' (radio)

CBC: ''Canada Now'' (TV); ''Newsworld International'' (TV); Special, ''McLuhan: Out of Orbit'' (TV); ''Cross Country Checkup'' (radio); ''CBC This Morning'' (radio)

NPR: ''All Things Considered''; ''Talk of the Nation''; ''Morning Edition''; ''The Diane Rehm Show''; ''On the Media''; ''The Connection''; ''On Point''; ''Public Interest with Kojo Nnamdi''; ''Tech Nation with Moira Gunn''; ''New York & Company''; Chicago Public Radio's ''Sound Opinions'' and ''Odyssey''; Wisconsin Public Radio; Minnesota Public Radio

satellite radio: Sirius

other radio and TV: Los Angeles CBS radio KNX-AM; New York CBS radio WCBS-AM and WFAN; Bloomberg radio; AP radio; Detroit's WJR-AM Mitch Albom Show; CNN radio; Voice of America (radio & TV); ''C-Span''; ''Reuters TV''; ''Wall Street Journal Radio Network''; WABC-TV; ''Today in New York'', WNBC-TV; WCBS-TV; ''Good Day New York'', Fox 5; WB-11; UPN-9; ''CUNY-TV''; ''Inside Edition''

Paul Levinson has been quoted thousands of times in newspapers, magazines, and news services around the world. Some of these are: ''USA Today'', ''The New York Times'', ''The Washington Post'', ''The Christian Science Monitor'', ''U.S. News and World Report'', ''Los Angeles Times'', ''New York Post'', ''New York Daily News'', ''Newsday'', ''Boston Globe'', ''The Philadelphia Inquirer'', ''Houston Chronicle'', ''Hollywood Reporter'', ''Billboard'', ''Wired'', ''Smithsonian Magazine'', London ''Daily Mail'', the Toronto ''Globe and Mail'', the Associated Press, Reuters, and UPI.

Songwriter, recording artist, and record producer

Writer of over 100 songs published in 1960s and 70s by major music publishers including Bourne, Chappell, Belwin Mills/Warner Brothers, Bobby Darin's TM Music, and /RCA

Recordings of his songs were produced by Ellie Greenwich, Jimmy "the Wiz" Wisner, and Paul Leka for other artists

Songs he wrote, performed and/or produced were released on record labels including Columbia, Decca, Philips, Atlantic, Buddah and London Records

''Twice Upon a Rhyme'', 1972 LP released on HappySad Records, as principal artist, writer, and producer; re-issued on CD by Beatball Records (2009), and on re-pressed vinyl by Sound of Salvation Records (2010)

Levinson's song "Hung Up On Love" (co-writer Mikie Harris, produced by Ellie Greenwich and Mike Rashkow) was recorded by Levinson's trio The Other Voices and released on Atlantic Records in 1968; this recording was included in Rhino Handmade's 2004 compilation CD ''Come to the Sunshine: Soft Pop Nuggets from the WEA Vaults'', compiled by Andrew Sandoval. Levinson sang falsetto harmony on many of The Other Voices' recordings.

Bibliography

Novels

''The Silk Code'' (1999) Tor Books ISBN 0-312-86823-5

''Borrowed Tides'' (2001) Tor Books ISBN 0-312-84869-2

''The Consciousness Plague'' (2002) Tor Books ISBN 0-7653-0098-2

''The Pixel Eye'' (2003) Tor Books ISBN 0-7653-0556-9

''The Plot To Save Socrates'' (2006) Tor Books ISBN 0-7653-0570-4

Non-fiction books

''In Pursuit of Truth: Essays on the Philosophy of Karl Popper on the Occasion of his 80th Birthday'' (editor and contributor) with Forewords by Isaac Asimov and Helmut Schmidt (1982) Humanities Press ISBN 0-391-02609-7

''Mind at Large: Knowing in the Technological Age'' (1988) JAI Press ISBN 0-89232-816-9

''Electronic Chronicles: Columns of the Changes in our Time'' (1992) Anamnesis Press ISBN 0-9631203-3-6

''Learning Cyberspace: Essays on the Evolution of Media and the New Education'' (1995) Anamnesis Press ISBN 0-9631203-9-5

''The Soft Edge: A Natural History and Future of the Information Revolution'' (1997) Routledge ISBN 0-415-15785-4

''Bestseller: Wired, Analog, and Digital Writings'' (1999) Pulpless ISBN 1-58445-033-9 [includes fiction and non-fiction]

''Digital McLuhan: A Guide to the Information Millennium'' (1999) Routledge ISBN 0-415-19251-X

''Realspace: The Fate of Physical Presence in the Digital Age, On and Off Planet'' (2003) Routledge ISBN 0-415-27743-4

''Cellphone: The Story of the World's Most Mobile Medium and How It Has Transformed Everything!'' (2004) Palgrave Macmillan ISBN 1-4039-6041-0

''New New Media'' (2009) Penguin/Pearson ISBN 0-205-67330-9

References

External links

homepage

*''Articles and Columns''

*''Short Fiction''

*''Music career''; MP3s

*Awards and honors

personal blog

writing and music pages

podcasts

*"Light On Light Through"

*"Levinson News Clips"

*"Ask Lev!"

*"Words and Music by Paul Levinson"

In-depth video interview on new/old media with Paul Levinson on The Alcove with Mark Molaro

Paul Levinson on Twitter

quotes

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:American academics Category:American bloggers Category:American podcasters Category:American science fiction writers Category:American short story writers Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American social sciences writers Category:City University of New York people Category:Fairleigh Dickinson University faculty Category:Fordham University faculty Category:Jewish American writers Category:Media theorists Category:New York University alumni Category:People from the Bronx Category:Wired (magazine) people

ja:ポール・レヴィンソン

Kelly Thomas (born January 9, 1981) is a British bobsledder who has competed since 2007. She finished 11th in the two-woman event at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

Thomas also competed in the two-woman event at the FIBT World Championships, but did not place either in 2008 or 2009. Her best World Cup finish was 11th in the two-woman event at Altenberg, Germany in December 2009.

Reference

Category:1981 births Category:Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics Category:British bobsledders Category:Living people Category:Olympic bobsledders of Great Britain