Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (
/ˈtɒməs ˈkruːz ˈmeɪpɒθər/; born July 3, 1962), widely known as Tom Cruise, is an American film actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards for the same movies: Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Jerry Maguire (1996), Magnolia (1999). He started his career with the movie Endless Love. Cruise's first appearance in a major film was in 1981's Taps. His first leading role was in the film Risky Business,[1] released in August 1983. Cruise played the role of a heroic naval pilot in the popular and successful 1986 film Top Gun, and also secret agent Ethan Hunt in the series of Mission: Impossible action films.
He has starred in a variety of other successful films, including: Rain Man (1988), Days of Thunder (1990), A Few Good Men (1992), Vanilla Sky (2001), Minority Report (2002), The Last Samurai (2003), Collateral (2004), and War of the Worlds (2005).
Since 2005, Cruise and Paula Wagner have been in charge of the United Artists film studio,[2] with Cruise as producer and star and Wagner as the chief executive. Cruise is also known for his support of and adherence to the Church of Scientology.[3]
Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York,[4] the son of Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III (died 1984),[5] an electrical engineer.[6] Cruise's surname originates from his great-grandfather, Thomas Cruise O'Mara, who was adopted by a Welsh immigrant and renamed "Thomas Cruise Mapother".[7][8][9] Cruise is of German, Irish, and English ancestry.[10] He grew up in near poverty, in a Catholic family dominated by an abusive father whom Cruise has described as "a merchant of chaos".[11] He was beaten by his father, who Cruise has said was a bully and coward.
He was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a great lesson in my life—how he’d lull you in, make you feel safe and then, bang! For me, it was like, 'There's something wrong with this guy. Don't trust him. Be careful around him.'
[11]
Cruise's family spent part of his childhood in Canada, and Cruise attended Robert Hopkins Public School in Ottawa, Ontario, for grades three, four, and five. The Mapother family then moved to the suburb of Beacon Hill, so Cruise's father could take a position as a defense consultant with the Canadian Armed Forces.[12] There, Cruise completed grade six at Henry Munro Middle School, part of the Carleton Board of Education,[13] where he was active in athletics, playing floor hockey almost every night, showing himself to be a ruthless player, and eventually chipping his front tooth. In the game British bulldogs, he then lost his newly capped tooth and hurt his knee.[14] Henry Munro was also where Cruise became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg.[15] The first play he participated in was called IT, in which Cruise won the co-lead with Michael de Waal, one playing "Evil", the other playing "Good". The play met much acclaim, and toured with five other classmates to various schools around the Ottawa area, even being filmed at the local Ottawa TV station.[16] Cruise was bullied regularly in the 15 different schools he attended in 12 years.[11] When Cruise was twelve, his mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sister Lee Anne with her.[11]
He briefly attended a Franciscan seminary in Cincinnati (on a church scholarship) and aspired to become a Catholic priest.[17] In his senior year, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but he was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.[18] [19]
Cruise first appeared in supporting roles the 1981 films Endless Love and Taps, the latter in which he played a crazed military school student. His first starring role was in the 1983 comedy Losin' It. That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as "A Generation-X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise",[20] and which along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a Superstar.
Cruise followed up Top Gun with The Color of Money, which came out the same year, and which paired him with Academy Award-winner Paul Newman. 1988 saw him star in Cocktail, which earned him a nomination for the Razzie Award for Worst Actor. Later that year he starred with Academy Award-winner Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, which won the Academy Award for Best Film and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Cruise finished the decade by portraying real-life paralyzed Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic in 1989's Born on the Fourth of July, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor, the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination.
In 1994, Cruise starred along with Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas and Christian Slater in Neil Jordan's Interview with the Vampire, a gothic drama/horror film that was based on Anne Rice's best-selling novel. The film was well received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as Julian Sands was her first choice. Upon seeing the film however, she paid $7,740 for a two-page ad in Daily Variety praising his performance and apologizing for her previous doubts about him.[21]
In 1996, Cruise appeared as superspy Ethan Hunt in the reboot of Mission: Impossible, which he produced. In 1996, he took on the title role in Jerry Maguire, for which he earned a Golden Globe and his second nomination for an Academy Award. In 1999, Cruise costarred with wife Nicole Kidman in the erotic Stanley Kubrick film Eyes Wide Shut, and played motivational speaker Frank T.J. Mackey in the ensemble film Magnolia, for which he received another Golden Globe and nomination for an Academy Award.
In 2000, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the second installment of the Mission Impossible films, releasing Mission: Impossible II. The film was directed by Hong Kong director John Woo and branded with his gun fu style, and it continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost $547M in worldwide figures, like its predecessor, being the third highest grossing film of the year. Cruise received an MTV Movie Award as Best Male Performance for this film.[22] His next five films were major critical and commercial successes.[23] [24] The following year Cruise starred in the romantic thriller Vanilla Sky (2001) with Cameron Diaz and Penélope Cruz. In 2002, Cruise starred in the dystopian science fiction thriller, Minority Report which was directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick.
In 2003, he starred in the Edward Zwick's historical drama The Last Samurai, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination as best actor.[22] In 2005, Cruise worked again with Steven Spielberg in War of the Worlds, which became the fourth highest grossing film of the year with US$591.4 million worldwide. Also in 2005, he won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star, and the MTV Generation Award.[22] Cruise was nominated for seven Saturn Awards between 2002 and 2009, winning once.[22] Nine of the ten films he starred in during the decade made over $100 million at the box office.[23]
In 2006, he reprised his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the Mission Impossible film series, Mission: Impossible III. The film was more positively received by critics than its predecessor, and grossed nearly $400 million at the box office.[25] Cruise's 2007 film Lions for Lambs was a rare commercial disappointment. In 2008, Cruise appeared in the hit comedy Tropic Thunder with Ben Stiller and Jack Black. This performance earned Cruise a Golden Globe nomination. Cruise's role in the historical thriller Valkyrie released on December 25, 2008 to box office success.[26] As of 2009, Cruise's films have grossed over $6.5 billion worldwide.[27]
In March 2010, Cruise completed filming the action-comedy Knight and Day, in which he re-teamed with former costar Cameron Diaz; the film was released on June 23, 2010.[28] On February 9, 2010, Cruise confirmed that he would star in Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, the fourth Mission:Impossible film, which was released in December 2011.[29]
On May 6, 2011, Cruise was awarded a humanitarian award from the Simon Wiesenthal Centre and Museum of Tolerance for his work as a dedicated philanthropist.[30].
In mid-2011 Cruise started shooting the movie Rock of Ages, in which he plays the character Stacee Jaxx. The film is scheduled to be released in June 2012.[31]
Cruise partnered with his former talent agent Paula Wagner to form Cruise/Wagner Productions in 1993,[2] and the company has since co-produced several of Cruise's films,[32] the first being Mission: Impossible in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer.
Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative film deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist Edward Jay Epstein as "one of the most powerful – and richest – forces in Hollywood". Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess.[33]
Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White City about a real life serial killer, H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition. Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, Leonardo DiCaprio's production company, Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the World's Fair, in which DiCaprio will star.[34]
On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise. In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company) Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.[35][36] Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from private equity firms.[37] Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the Mission: Impossible franchise.[38][39]
In November 2006, Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they had taken over United Artists film studio.[2] Cruise acts as a producer and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner serves as UA's chief executive. Production began in 2007 of Valkyrie, a thriller based on the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007 Cruise signed on to play Claus von Stauffenberg, the protagonist. This project marks the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, Lions for Lambs, directed by Robert Redford and starring Redford, Meryl Streep and Cruise. Lambs was released on November 9, 2007,[40] opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception. In August 2008, Wagner stepped down from her position at United Artists; she retains her stake in UA, which combined with Cruise's share amounts to 30 percent of the studio.[41]
Cruise had a relationship with his Risky Business co-star Rebecca De Mornay; they cohabited in New York from 1983–85.[42][43][44][45]
Cruise married actress Mimi Rogers on May 9, 1987; they divorced on February 4, 1990.[1] Rogers is generally believed to have introduced Cruise to Scientology.[46] He met his second wife, Nicole Kidman, on the set of their film Days of Thunder. The couple married on December 24, 1990. He and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella Jane (born December 1992) and Connor Antony (born January 1995).[1] They separated in February 2001 when Kidman was three months pregnant; she later miscarried.[47]
Cruise was next romantically linked with Penélope Cruz, his co-star in Vanilla Sky. That relationship ended in 2004.[48] In April 2005, Cruise began dating actress Katie Holmes. On April 27 that year, Cruise and Holmes, dubbed "TomKat" by the media, made their first public appearance together in Rome.[49] A month later, Cruise declared his love for Holmes on The Oprah Winfrey Show famously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show.[50] On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child,[51] and their daughter, Suri, was born in April 2006. On November 18, 2006, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, Italy, in a Scientology ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars.[52][53] The actors' publicist said the couple had "officialized" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony.[54] David Miscavige served as Cruise's best man.[55]
Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes interacting with fans in 2006
In 1990, 1991 and 1997, People magazine rated him among the 50 most beautiful people in the world. In 1995, Empire magazine ranked him among the 100 sexiest stars in film history. Two years later, it ranked him among the top 5 film stars of all time. In 2002 and 2003, he was rated by Premiere among the top 20 in its annual Power 100 list.[1]
In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor,[56] as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.[57] The same year, Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity.[58]
In August 2006, "a USA Today/Gallup poll in which half of those surveyed registered an 'unfavorable' opinion of the actor" was cited as a reason in addition to "unacceptable behavior"[59] for Paramount's non-renewal of their production contract with Cruise. In addition, Marketing Evaluations reports that Cruise's Q score (which is a measure of the popularity of celebrities), had fallen 40 percent. It was also revealed that Cruise is the celebrity people would least like as their best friend.
October 10, 2006 was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.[60]
During Cruise's marriage to Nicole Kidman, the couple endured public speculation about their sex life and rumors that Cruise was gay. In 1998, he successfully sued the Daily Express, a British tabloid which alleged that his marriage to Kidman was a sham designed to cover up his homosexuality.[61] In May 2001 he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater. Slater had allegedly told the celebrity magazine Actustar that he had had an affair with Cruise. Both Slater and Cruise denied this[clarification needed], and in August 2001, Slater was ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages after Slater declared he could not afford to defend himself against the suit and would therefore default.[62] Cruise also sued Michael Davis, publisher of Bold Magazine, who alleged but never confirmed that he had video that would prove Cruise was gay. The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual.[63]
After The Beast's publication of their 50 Most Loathsome People of 2004, which included Cruise, Cruise's lawyer Bertram Fields threatened to sue. Seeing the opportunity for nationwide exposure, The Beast actively encouraged the lawsuit. No lawsuit was ever filed and Cruise was included more prominently in the 2005 list.[64] In 2006, Cruise sued cybersquatter Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on July 5, 2006.[65]
[edit] Oprah Winfrey Show
Cruise has made several expressions of his feelings for Holmes to the media, most notably the "couch incident" which took place on the popular The Oprah Winfrey Show of May 23, 2005. Cruise "jumped around the set, hopped onto a couch, fell to one knee and repeatedly professed his love for his new girlfriend".[66] The phrase "jumping the couch", fashioned after "jumping the shark", is used to describe someone "going off the deep end" in public in a manner extreme enough to tarnish his or her reputation.[67] It enjoyed a short-lived popularity, being chosen by the editors of the Historical Dictionary of American Slang as the "slang term of the year" in 2005[68] and by the nonprofit group Global Language Monitor as one of its top phrases for the year.[69]
The "couch incident" was voted No.1 of 2005's "Most Surprising Television Moments" on a countdown on E![citation needed] and No.5 at BoxOfficeProphets.com.[70] and was the subject of numerous parodies, including the epilogue of Scary Movie 4, an episode of South Park, a short on Sesame Street,[71] and an episode of Family Guy. Entertainment Weekly put it on its end-of-the-decade, "best-of" list, saying, "Lesson learned: Tell, don't show".[72]
In early May 2008, Cruise reappeared on The Oprah Winfrey Show to celebrate 25 years in the film business. The feature was a two hour special, the first hour was Oprah spending the day with Cruise at his house in Telluride, Colorado on May 2.
Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology. He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.[73] He has said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Study Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia.[74] In addition to promoting various programs that introduce people to Scientology, Cruise has campaigned for Scientology to be recognized as a religion in Europe. In 2005, the Paris city council revealed that Cruise had lobbied officials Nicolas Sarkozy and Jean-Claude Gaudin, described him as a spokesman and militant for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.[75][76] Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York City 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This drew criticism from the medical profession,[77] as well as firefighters.[78] For these activities and others, David Miscavige awarded Cruise Scientology's Freedom Medal of Valor in late 2004.[citation needed]
In January 2004, Tom Cruise said: "I think psychiatry should be outlawed."[79] A controversy erupted in 2005 after he openly criticized actress Brooke Shields for using the drug Paxil (paroxetine), an anti-depressant to which Shields attributes her recovery from postpartum depression after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance, and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience. Shields responded that Cruise "should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them".[80] This led to a heated argument between Matt Lauer and Cruise on NBC's Today on June 24, 2005.[81] Medical authorities view Cruise's comments as furthering the social stigma of mental illness.[82][83] Shields herself called Cruise's comments "a disservice to mothers everywhere".[84] In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments.[85] Scientology is well known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry.
On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on YouTube, showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him.[86][87] The Church of Scientology said the video had been "pirated and edited", and was taken from a three-hour video produced for members of Scientology.[87][88] YouTube removed the Cruise video from their site under threat of litigation.[89]
Cruise's more open attitude to Scientology has been attributed to the March 2004 departure of his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley. He replaced her with his sister, fellow Scientologist Lee Anne DeVette, who served in that role until November 2005.[90] DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan.[91] Such restructuring is seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the hard-sell of his relationship with Katie Holmes backfiring with the public.[92][93]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Tom Cruise at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "MGM Partners With Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner to Form New United Artists". PR Newswire. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. November 2, 2006. Archived from the original on November 16, 2007. http://www.unitedartists.com/popups/pr/release_08.html.
- ↑ Scientology News: Tom Cruise Tops List of Scientology Celebrities at Celebrity Centre International 34th Anniversary
- ↑ "Cruise's Family Tree Treat". January 13, 2004. http://www.imdb.com/news/wenn/2004-01-13#celeb7. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
- ↑ "Being Tom Cruise". TIME. http://www.time.com/time/europe/magazine/2002/0701/cruise/story2.html. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise Biography". http://www.filmreference.com/film/26/Tom-Cruise.html. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
- ↑ Stated on Inside the Actors Studio interview with Cruise, January 11, 2004; can be viewed at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xYsFLyTsDU
- ↑ "Genealogy.com: Ancestry of Tom Cruise". Genealogy.com website. Genealogy.com. August 8, 2002. http://www.genealogy.com/famousfolks/tomc/index.htm#toc. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- ↑ "North East Wales: Cruise's Welsh roots uncovered". BBC News website (BBC). January 18, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/north_east/3407861.stm. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Ancestry of Tom Cruise". Wargs.com. http://www.wargs.com/other/mapother.html. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 "I Can Create Who I Am". Parade. April 9, 2006. http://www.parade.com/articles/editions/2006/edition_04-09-2006/Tom_Cruise_cover. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
- ↑ http://www.talktalk.co.uk/entertainment/film/biography/artist/tom-cruise/biography/124
- ↑ "Tom Cruise's Canadian stay revealed". Jam.canoe.ca. 2008-01-19. http://jam.canoe.ca/Movies/Artists/C/Cruise_Tom/2008/01/19/4781997-sun.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography". http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080115/cruise_excerpt_080115/20080115?hub=CanadaAM&pr=showAll.
- ↑ Ottawa, The (2008-01-18). "Cruise's time in capital one for books". Canada.com. http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=170277d7-9fc0-4273-9e0e-848a809a00da. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Excerpt Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography". Beta.bordersstores.com. 2012-03-29. http://beta.bordersstores.com/online/store/ArticleView_tomcruise. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ Cf. Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography, pp.24-26.
- ↑ Cf. Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography, page 47
- ↑ http://www.biography.com/people/tom-cruise-9262645
- ↑ "Risky Business". Rottentomatoes.com. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/1017641-risky_business/. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ Go Figure, Entertainment Weekly, December 30, 1994.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Awards for Tom Cruise at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Tom Cruise". Boxofficemojo.com. http://boxofficemojo.com/people/chart/?view=Actor&id=tomcruise.htm. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise Movies, News, and Pictures on Rotten Tomatoes". Rottentomatoes.com. http://www.rottentomatoes.com/celebrity/tom_cruise/. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Mission: Impossible III (2006)". Boxofficemojo.com. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=mi3.htm. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ "Valkyrie (2008)". Box Office Mojo. April 16, 2009. http://boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=valkyrie.htm. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise – Box Office Data Movie Star". The-numbers.com. http://www.the-numbers.com/people/TCRUI.php. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Knight and Day". Knightanddaymovie.com. http://www.knightanddaymovie.com/. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Cruise to star in ‘Mission: Impossible 4’ – Entertainment – Access Hollywood". MSNBC. February 9, 2010. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/35321981. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise wins humanitarian award". ITN. May 7, 2011. http://itn.co.uk/home/18258/Cruise. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
- ↑ Everett, Christina (May 15, 2012). "Tom Cruise flaunts his abs, fake tattoos in 'Rock of Ages'-inspired photo shoot for W magazine". Daily News) (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/movies/tom-cruise-flaunts-abs-fake-tattoos-rock-ages-inspired-photo-shoot-w-magazine-article-1.1078665.
- ↑ Cruise/Wagner Productions [us] at the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Epstein, Edward Jay. "Tom Cruise Inc. – By Edward Jay Epstein – Slate Magazine". Slate.com. http://www.slate.com/id/2121617/. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ↑ "The Devil In The White City movie, trailer,review,pics,pictures,poster,news,DVD". Thezreview.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080705065258/http://www.thezreview.co.uk/comingsoon/d/devilinthewhitecitythe.htm. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ↑ "CNN: Paramount Pictures cuts ties with Tom Cruise". CNN. August 23, 2006. http://money.cnn.com/2006/08/22/news/newsmakers/cruise_paramount/index.htm?cnn=yes. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ "Sumner Redstone Rebuke of Tom Cruise: Now What?". National Ledger. http://www.nationalledger.com/artman/publish/article_27267912.shtml. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ Lieberman, David (August 24, 2006). "Cruise seeks financial backing from hedge funds". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/money/media/2006-08-23-hedge-films-usat_x.htm. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ The Financial Times: Paramount vs. Cruise: all down the killer cut by Edward Jay Epstein
- ↑ Sperling, Nicole (August 24, 2006). "Biz eyeing economics of Cruise-Par breakup: DVD slowdown forcing restraint". The Hollywood Reporter. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/thr/article_display.jsp?vnu_content_id=1003052563. Retrieved August 8, 2009. [dead link]
- ↑ "Tom Cruise Takes on Adolf Hitler". Newsmax.com. 2007-03-21. http://newsmax.com/archives/ic/2007/3/21/73153.shtml?s=en. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ Paula Wagner plans to step down at United Artists, an August 2008 article from the Los Angeles Times
- ↑ "TCM biography of De Mornay". Tcm.com. http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/participant.jsp?spid=46543&apid=0. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Yahoo biography of De Mornay". Sg.movies.yahoo.com. http://sg.movies.yahoo.com/Rebecca+DeMornay/biography/62182/. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
- ↑ "Cruise Control". Vh1. May 27, 2005. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1502989/20050527/index.jhtml. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
- ↑ "MovieMotel biography of De Mornay". Moviemotel.com. http://www.moviemotel.com/people/0018545/Rebecca-de-Mornay. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
- ↑ Masters, Kim (September/October 2005). "The Passion of Tom Cruise". Radar. as excerpted by Radar at RadarOnline.com
- ↑ "Celebrity News, Entertainment News, Celebrity Gossip - E! Online UK". Eonline.com. http://www.eonline.com/News/Items/0,1,8039,00.html. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Cruise and Cruz end relationship". BBC News. March 26, 2004. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/3570639.stm. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ↑ Soriano, César G. (May 5, 2005). "Tom, Katie flying high on romance" USA Today.
- ↑ Lynch, Jason (June 6, 2005). "Tom & Katie: Truly, Madly, Deeply". People.
- ↑ Smith, Ryan E. (October 6, 2005). "Baby frenzy begins: Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise are expecting their first child together". The Blade
- ↑ Soriano, César G (November 20, 2006). "Mr. and Mrs. TomKat: Inside their fairy-tale wedding". USA Today. http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-11-19-tomkat-highlights_x.htm. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
- ↑ ""Cruise, Holmes exchange vows in castle: Mr. and Mrs. TomKat depart on their honeymoon"". Toledoblade.com. http://www.toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20061119/NEWS08/611190359. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ Sanminiatelli, Maria (November 19, 2006). "Now they are one: The TomKat is officially united at long last". Orlando Sentinel.
- ↑ "Cruise and Holmes go on honeymoon". BBC News. November 19, 2006. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/6160350.stm. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
- ↑ "The Power List 2006". Premiere. June 2006. http://www.premiere.com/best/2816/the-power-list-2006.html. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
- ↑ [1][dead link]
- ↑ "Tom Cruise ranked 1 among The Top 100 Celebrities In 2006". Forbes. May 1, 2007. http://www.forbes.com/lists/2006/53/6YG2.html. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
- ↑ "Paramount Drops Cruise". San Diego Union-Tribune. August 23, 2006. http://www.signonsandiego.com/uniontrib/20060823/news_lz1n23pubeye.html. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise Day". Hollywood.com. http://www.hollywood.com/news/Cruise_Day_Declared_in_Japan/3563377. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ "Cruise and Kidman win libel case". BBC News. 1998-10-29. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/203779.stm. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ Ricardo Cestero Tom Cruise's lawyer (2003-01-16). "Cruise wins 'gay' claims legal battle". BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/2664159.stm. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Cruise gay claims dropped". BBC News. 2001-12-01. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/1686039.stm. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Hollywood Egomaniac Threatens Beast Over Alleged 'Need for Speed'". The Beast, Issue #73, April 20 – May 4, 2005. Retrieved July 27, 2009.
- ↑ Arbitration and Mediation Center (July 5, 2006). "WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2006-0560". Arbiter.wipo.int. http://arbiter.wipo.int/domains/decisions/html/2006/d2006-0560.html. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
- ↑ Waxman, Sharon (June 2, 2005). "How Personal Is Too Personal for a Star Like Tom Cruise?". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/02/movies/02crui.html?ex=1275364800&en=5bee0745ec59eea3&ei=5090&partner=rssuserland&emc=rss. Retrieved August 26, 2006.
- ↑ Susie Dent (October 4, 2007). The language report. Oxford University Press. p. 22. ISBN 978-0-19-923388-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=sVIdAQAAIAAJ&q=jumping+the+couch#search_anchor. Retrieved December 25, 2010.
- ↑ "‘Jump the couch’ is top gun of slang in '05 - Entertainment - The Arts - TODAY.com". MSNBC. 2006-01-06. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/10650547/. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "The Global Language Monitor » Top Words". Languagemonitor.com. http://www.languagemonitor.com/?page_id=4. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Top 10 Film Industry News Stories of 2005: #5: Tom Cruise's Crazy Year". Boxofficeprophets.com. http://www.boxofficeprophets.com/column/index.cfm?columnID=9334. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ↑ "The 'O' Show". Sesame Street. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ztq1Kjc7vnw. Retrieved October 3, 2010.
- ↑ Geier, Thom; Jensen, Jeff; Jordan, Tina; Lyons, Margaret; Markovitz, Adam; Nashawaty, Chris; Pastorek, Whitney; Rice, Lynette; Rottenberg, Josh; Schwartz, Missy; Slezak, Michael; Snierson, Dan; Stack, Tim; Stroup, Kate; Tucker, Ken; Vary, Adam B.; Vozick-Levinson, Simon; Ward, Kate (December 11, 2009), "The 100 Greatest Movies, TV Shows, Albums, Books, Characters, Scenes, Episodes, Songs, Dresses, Music Videos, and Trends That Entertained Us over the Past 10 Years". Entertainment Weekly. (1079/1080):74–84
- ↑ "Cruise lobbies over Scientology". BBC News. 2002-01-30. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/showbiz/1791617.stm. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Cruise credits Scientology for his success". msnbc.com. May 24, 2005. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/7968809/. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
- ↑ "Paris snubs Scientology 'militant' Cruise". Irish Examiner. 2005-07-13. http://www.examiner.ie/breaking/story.asp?j=182470131&p=y8z47x994&n=182471074&x=. Retrieved 2012-04-15.
- ↑ "Tom Cruise ne sera pas citoyen d'honneur de Paris" (in French). July 12, 2005.
- ↑ O'Donnell, Michelle (October 4, 2003). "Scientologist's Treatments Lure Firefighters". The New York Times.
- ↑ Friedman, Roger (December 22, 2006). "Tom Cruise Can't Put Out These Fires". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,238238,00.html#2. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
- ↑ Desai, Nimesh (Oct-Dec 2005). "Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge". Indian Journal of Psychiatry 47 (4): 185–187. DOI:10.4103/0019-5545.43048. PMC 2921130. PMID 20711302. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2921130/. Retrieved 20 March 2012.
- ↑ "Brooke Shields Lashes Out at Tom Cruise". People. June 2, 2005. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,1067822,00.html.
- ↑ "In tense moment, Cruise calls Lauer 'glib'" msnbc.com. (June 28, 2005)
- ↑ Pemberton, Max (April 17, 2006). "Alien soul theory is no cure for depression". The Daily Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/health/alternativemedicine/3338404/Alien-soul-theory-is-no-cure-for-depression.html. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ↑ "Psychotropic drugs: unhelpful and helpful comments". The Lancet 366 (9480): 96. July 9, 2005. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66841-9. PMID 16010708.
- ↑ Shields, Brooke (July 1, 2005). "War of Words". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/opinion/01shields.html. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
- ↑ "Shields: Cruise apology was 'heartfelt'", USA Today, Associated Press, September 2, 2006, http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2006-09-02-shields-cruise_x.htm, retrieved June 20, 2011
- ↑ Warne, Dan (January 24, 2008). "'Anonymous' threatens to 'dismantle' Church of Scientology via internet". APC Magazine (National Nine News). http://www.apcmag.com/7905/anonymous_threatens_to_dismantle_church_of_scientology_via_internet. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
- ↑ 87.0 87.1 "Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology: Group Upset Over Church's Handling Of Tom Cruise Video". Los Angeles: KNBC. January 24, 2008. http://www.knbc.com/news/15132759/detail.html. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
- ↑ "Report: Church of Scientology Slams German Tabloid for Publishing Comments Comparing Tom Cruise to Nazi Minister". Fox News. January 23, 2008. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,324885,00.html. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
- ↑ Vamosi, Robert (January 24, 2008). "Anonymous hackers take on the Church of Scientology". CNET News (CNET Networks, Inc.). http://www.news.com/8301-10789_3-9857666-57.html. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
- ↑ Gardner, Chris (November 6, 2005). "Cruise will go with pro". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117932447?categoryid=13&cs=1. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ↑ "Cruise Control Shifts Gears". Yahoo! Entertainment. November 8, 2005. Archived from the original on May 21, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20060521205326/http://entertainment.tv.yahoo.com/entnews/eo/20051108/113151894008.html.
- ↑ Helmore, Edward (June 4, 2005). "What's eating Tom Cruise?". The Observer (London). http://film.guardian.co.uk/features/featurepages/0,,1499693,00.html. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
- ↑ Oringer, Heidi (May 31, 2005). "Is Tom's Love Life Cruisin' for a Bruisin'?". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/JustSaying/story?id=798031&page=1. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
| Persondata |
| Name |
Mapother, IV, Thomas Cruise |
| Alternative names |
Cruise, Tom |
| Short description |
American actor |
| Date of birth |
July 3, 1962 |
| Place of birth |
Syracuse, New York, U.S. |
| Date of death |
|
| Place of death |
|
.Jpg)
